How the India-Bangladesh Enclaves Problem Was Jump-Started in 2007 Towards its 2015 Solution: A Case Study of Academic Impact on Policy

How the India-Bangladesh Enclaves Problem Was Jump-Started in 2007 Towards its 2015 Solution: A Case Study of Academic Impact on Policy

by

Subroto Roy, with Brendan Whyte

Progress on the complex problem of India-Bangladesh enclaves started slightly in 1958 and especially 1974, then came to be stalled completely.  In May 2007 press reports said a joint delegation was doing some survey work.

That same month, I as Contributing Editor at The Statesman newspaper (biding my time away from a corrupted academia) stumbled on the excellent doctoral work done by a young researcher in Australia on what seemed at the time the impossibly intractable problem of India-Bangladesh enclaves.

I wrote to the newspaper’s Editor on 9 May 2007,

Dear Ravi, You may know that there is an incredibly complex problem between India and Bangladesh relating to enclaves between them, some dating back to Cooch Behar and Mughal enclaves 200 years ago. An Australian researcher named Brendan Whyte at the Univ of Melbourne has done the definitive study of the problem. I think we should invite him to produce a 2000-2500 word two parter on his work which would be very helpful to both governments and to public discussion. If you agree, I can write to him and invite him or you can do so directly. I will have to find his email. Regards Suby

I enclosed a published abstract of Whyte’s work:

“Waiting for the Esquimo: An historical and documentary study of the Cooch Behar enclaves of India and Bangladesh. Whyte, Dr Brendan (2002) “Waiting for the Esquimo: An historical and documentary study of the Cooch Behar enclaves of India and Bangladesh” School of Anthropology, Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Melbourne

“Enclaves are defined as a fragment of one country totally surrounded by one other. A list of the world’s current enclaves and a review of the literature about them reveals a geographical bias that has left enclaves outside western Europe almost untouched. This bias is particularly noticeable in the almost complete absence of information on the Cooch Behar enclaves, along Bangladesh’s northern border with India. The Cooch Behar enclaves number almost 200. This total includes about two dozen counter-enclaves (enclaves within enclaves), and the world’s only counter-counter-enclave. Together, these enclaves represent 80% of the total number of enclaves existing in the world since the 1950s, and have been at the centre of Indo-East Pakistani and then Indo-Bangladeshi boundary disputes since Cooch Behar acceded to India in 1949.

The incredibly complex Cooch Behar sector of the Indo-Bangladesh boundary is investigated in detail for the first time, from historical, political and geographical perspectives. The history of the enclaves is traced, from their origin c.1713 until the present, in an attempt to understand their genesis and survival under a succession of states, from the Kingdom of Cooch Behar and the Mughal Empire in the 1700s, to Bangladesh and the Republic of India today. The difficulties of the enclaves’ existence for their residents and the two countries today is contrasted with their peaceful, albeit administratively inconvenient, existence until 1947, to prove that the enclaves themselves are not the cause of border tensions in the area, but are rather a focus for other cross-border disputes.

The current situation of the enclaves is described, highlighting the abandonment of the enclave residents by each country, which refuse to allow the other to administer its exclaves. India’s inability to implement a 1958 treaty with Pakistan, and its continued delay in ratifying a subsequent 1974 treaty with Bangladesh to exchange the enclaves is highlighted as the major factor impeding resolution of the enclave dispute. That the delays have been rooted in Indian internal politics is demonstrated. Highly disparate official and media reports as to the number, area and population of the enclaves are analysed to determine the true extent of the enclave problem, and the first ever large-scale map of the enclaves is published, locating and naming each enclave.”

The Statesman‘s Editor agreed, and I went about trying to locate Dr Whyte. I think I phoned Australia, asked after him, and learnt he was a New Zealander teaching at a university in Thailand.  On 10 May, I wrote to his former department head, Ian Rutherfurd:

Dear Dr Rutherfurd, I am Contributing Editor at The Statesman of Calcutta and New Delhi, and would like to be in touch with your colleague Brendon Whyte but there is no email for him at your site. Please tell him we much wish him to write a two-part article on the editorial page (over two days) for us of less than 2500 words in total on his important research on the India-Bangladesh enclaves. There would be a relatively tiny honorarium probably from the Editor but a large impact on policy and public discussion in both countries. The Statesman is India’s oldest and most eminent newspaper. It may be seen at http://www.thestatesman.net and I am to be found at http://www.independentindian.com Many thanks,  Subroto Roy, PhD (Cantab.), BScEcon (London), Contributing Editor

Brendan Whyte replied the same day:

Dear Dr Roy, I have received your message, and am honoured to be asked to write a piece for your paper. I now work in Thailand. Are there any further details regarding this assignment in addition to your information below? For example, is there a deadline, and if so, when? Do you want/can you accept maps/photos and if so how to send them to you? Can the text be sent to you be email or do you prefer a printed version instead of/in addition to an email? Regarding email should the text be in the body of an email or do you prefer an attachment in Word/RTF or other format? Do you prefer a Word document, or should the text be in the body of an email Thank you very much Brendan Whyte, PhD, Faculty of Management Science,Ubon Ratchathani University, THAILAND

I wrote back the same day

Dear Dr Whyte, Many thanks for the quick reply, and our thanks to your colleagues for locating you. The Statesman’s editorial page is as influential a place as there can be in serious Indian public discussion, though I have to say there is far too little such discussion in the country. At my suggestion, the Editor has invited a 2500 word two-part article (over two days); I have said you may have done the definitive work in the area. I know nothing of the subject and am reluctant to suggest any further guidelines, and leave to you to say what you wish once you get a sense of the audience and likely impact. I have in recent months published numerous special articles in The Statesman, and these may be seen at http://www.independentindian.com to give you a sense of the kind of quality you may aim at — though certainly we are a newspaper and not a technical journal. Regarding graphs, each article would have an illustration a few inches square and if you felt you could squeeze the relevant data into two such articles for the two days it would be excellent. Do drop by Calcutta when you can. The honorarium will be a few thousand rupees I expect though the Editor has not specified it yet. No there is no time rush; I accidentally found your work through a wordpress.com blog on strange maps. On second thoughts, if your articles generated invitations from geography departments in India or other invitations to give lectures on the subject, that too would be a worthwhile aim. Best regards Suby Roy

Brendan sent his proposed article a month later in June.

I replied:

Hello, I have reduced it by 300 words without reducing any substance. I hope you may agree. Can you please try to reduce another 200 words, eg of the Belgian/Dutch case? I normally don’t allow anyone to touch my stuff so if you would like to try to reduce it all yourself, that’s fine. Also, 198 is not equal to 106+91+3+1. Please send all the graphics you may think suitable, and people here will try to figure out what to use. It may all go on one day on the Op-Ed page, I have no iodea what the Editor may decide. Also add your PhD University Thanks for this. The work is excellent and I hope it brings you the publicity you deserve. Suby Roy

Brendan sent his final draft on 16 July 2007

Hi Suby, My apologies that this has taken me so long, but the teaching year has been so busy! I have reduced it to 2274 words, about 10% below your limit of 2500. It is attached as a Word file, and appended below as plain text. I hope to send some illustrations separately in the next day or two. Let me know if the revised article is ok or not. Thanks, Brendan

I wrote to the Editor again the same day:

Subject: India-Bangladesh Enclaves: A Major Foreign Policy Problem Solved

Dear Ravi, Apropos our correspondence two months ago, Dr Brendan Whyte has at our request produced an excellent analysis of one of the trickiest and longest-standing problems between India and Bangladesh, viz. enclaves. Dr Whyte is a political geographer from New Zealand who worked on this subject for his doctoral thesis at the University of Melbourne, Australia. He apparently teaches in Thailand at present. By publishing this, we will be doing the MEA a very big favour, besides of course contributing to an important yet neglected public problem relevant to Eastern India. I recommend it for a Saturday night-Sunday night two-parter, rather than the Perspective page, given its close factual basis. Sincerely, Suby.

I wrote to Brendan:

Hello, Your article looks to me first-rate. The basis of a Government White Paper on this side or that. I have forwarded it to the Editor with my recommendation. Please send me any illustrations asap, as he may go with it any day though likely not before the weekend. Best wishes SR

Brendan Whyte’s 16 July 2007 final draft was this:

“The Enclave Problem: India and Bangladesh can and must solve this 300 year problem!

There are 198 “enclaves” (chhit-mahals) between India and Bangladesh. Cooch Behar district has 106 enclaves in Bangladesh, and Bangladesh has 92 enclaves in India: 88 in Cooch Behar, 3 in Jalpaiguri, and 1 between Cooch Behar and Assam’s Dhubri district. The enclaves vary from clusters of villages to individual fields. The smallest Indian enclave may be Panisala, only 0.1093 ha; the smallest Bangladeshi enclave is Upan Chowki Bhajni #24 at 0.2870 ha. The largest are India’s Balapara Khagrabari at 25.95 sq. km, and Bangladesh’s 18.68 sq. km Dahagram-Angarpota. The 198 enclaves also include 3 Indian and 21 Bangladeshi counter-enclaves (enclaves within enclaves). India also possesses the world’s only counter-counter-enclave: a 0.69 ha jute field inside a Bangladeshi enclave inside an Indian enclave inside Bangladesh! Enclave populations-sizes are unknown. The last censuses to include enclaves were in 1951, although the Pakistani enumeration was incomplete. The population today is probably under 100,000 persons in total, 60% living in Indian enclaves in Bangladesh, the rest in Bangladeshi enclaves in India.

The enclaves are 300 years old, originating during the Mughal wars against Cooch Behar in the late 1600s. A treaty was concluded in 1711 in which the Mughals obtained three chaklas from Cooch Behar, but the Subahdar of Bengal rejected the treaty and forced Cooch Behar to cede further lands in 1713, reducing it to about its present borders. This second treaty is the origin of the enclaves: as in feudal Europe, the holdings of kings and their vassals were not contiguous wholes but rather a patchwork of land parcels, so the ceded chaklas included lands inside the unceded areas and vice versa. The East India Company fixed the Bengal-Cooch Behar boundary about 1773, and by 1814 noted that the enclaves were safe havens for bandits. Yet the Company itself created more enclaves in 1817 when it adjudicated a territorial dispute between Cooch Behar and Bhutan, creating Cooch Behari enclaves in then-Bhutanese territory (now Alipar Duar district of Jalpaiguri). These enclaves remained when the British annexed the Bhutanese lands in 1865.

The British quashed the bandit menace but proliferation of liquor, ganja and opium shops in the enclaves became an excise problem between Bengal and Cooch Behar. After discussions, the main boundary of Cooch Behar became the customs and excise boundary. All Cooch Behar enclaves in British India fell under British excise control while all British enclaves in Cooch Behar fell under Cooch Behari excise control. This practical solution to the problem in hand left the sovereignty of the enclaves intact.

A full exchange of enclaves was suggested by the British in the early 1930s, to reduce the costs of the upcoming survey and demarcation of the Cooch Behar boundary but the idea was dropped in face of strong local objections, and all the enclaves were surveyed and demarcated with pillars by the late 1930s.

Partition and independence in 1947, and the subsequent accession of Cooch Behar to India in 1949, elevated the enclaves to the international level. Initially this was unproblematic, with India and Pakistan concluding agreements on cross-border trade and movement in the enclave areas. Censuses in 1951 included the enclaves. But Pakistan’s unilateral 1952 introduction of visas requirements, and immediate Indian reciprocation sealed the fate of the enclave dwellers. High-level politics subordinated the needs of enclave dwellers on both sides.

Full exchange was again agreed upon by the 1958 Nehru-Noon Accord, and this was reiterated in modified form in the 1974 Indira-Mujib Agreement between India and Bangladesh (Bangladesh would keep its largest enclave, Dahagram-Angarpota, to guarantee access to which, India would lease it a short corridor. But a succession of mainly Indian legal challenges regarding the constitutionality of both accords prevented implementation until 1992, when the Tin Bigha corridor was finally opened. The exchange of the remaining enclaves, agreed in 1958 and 1974 and cleared of legal challenged by 1990 remains unimplemented, despite constant Bangladeshi calls for India to implement the agreements fully.

Meanwhile, since the 1950s the chhit mahalis, or enclave dwellers, have been effectively rendered stateless by the two governments abandoning responsibility for them.

India’s fencing of its border with Bangladesh has added a physical dimension to the political isolation of its own enclaves. The chhit mahalis on both sides are unable to vote, to attend schools or markets, to be helped by NGOs working in either country, or to seek police help or medical attention. Each country claims its original citizens have been forced out of their enclaves by the population of the other country surrounding them, and so each country refuses to extend its governmental responsibilities to the supposed invaders. Simultaneously each denies it can legally assist the populations of the other country’s enclaves inside its own territory. Abandoned by both sides, the chhit mahalis struggle to survive without the ability to protect their rights, homes or lives. Bandits once more make use of the enclaves to escape the jurisdiction of the surrounding state.

The problem is one of India and Bangladesh’s own making but it is not unique. Since 1996, when the Lithuanian enclave of Pogiry in Belarus (population: three) was exchanged for equivalent land, 259 enclaves have remained on the world map. Besides India-Bangladesh, there are 61 enclaves affecting 21 countries as owners or hosts. Most consist of a single farm, or a village and its surrounding farmland, inside a neighbouring country. Some approach the complexity of the Cooch Behar enclaves, such as 30 enclaves (including 8 counter-enclaves) belonging to Belgium and the Netherlands in the village of Baarle (population 8500).

The Belgian-Dutch enclaves originated in a feudal agreement c.1198, and emerged at the international level when Belgium declared independence from the Netherlands in 1830. The enclaves were an annoyance to customs, police and foreign ministry officials; but arrangements allowed goods to pass into and through the enclaves, paying tax only if they were destined for the other country or its enclaves. Nevertheless, smuggling brought prosperity to a village on the economic and political periphery of both countries. Today the village park boasts a statue honouring the smugglers. The economic union of Belgium and the Netherlands and the subsequent European Union have eliminated the profitabililty of smuggling without the need for policing or fences. Differences in tax rates and national laws remain, so that some types of business, such as sex or fireworks shops can only operate in one country and its enclaves, and not in the other. Yet the village happily contains both sorts of shops, each in the permitting country, but serving customers from both. Different planning laws, educational syllabii, post offices, town halls, and churches exist side by side. Several businesses and houses straddle the enclave boundaries, enjoying two postal address and two telephone connections. The policemen from each country share an office. The fire departments work together with special hose-coupling devices. Utilities, sewerage, road maintenance and rubbish collection are conducted by one country or  he other for the population of both. Where a national law unduly inconveniences the enclaves, an exception is granted. Thus while Sunday shopping is illegal in the Netherlands, the shops in Baarle’s Dutch enclaves may open on Sundays to compete with the Belgian shops, and the village has a thriving Sunday market, drawing crowds from both countries. Before the Euro was introduced, all shopkeepers and government offices accepted both national currencies. Overall the village has boomed as a border market, increasingly tourism-oriented, marketing its enclaves as a tourist attraction. Without the enclaves Baarle would be a small unimportant village. The enclaves have allowed it to surpass its neighbouring villages in size and prosperity.

Other enclaves are often placed inside the customs, postal or telephone jurisdiction of the surrounding country. Switzerland tolerates a casino in the Italian tax-haven enclave of Campione d’Italia, on condition that Swiss citizens have a daily betting limit. Germany’s village of Büsingen, also inside Switzerland, is inside the Swiss customs and currency area, not that of the EU. Passage from the UAE into the Omani enclave of Madha and into the UAE’s counter-enclave of Dahwa inside remain free of controls for locals and foreigners alike. On Cyprus, locals from two villages enclaved inside the British territory (and military base) of Dhekelia move about freely, and farm land under both British and Cypriot sovereignty.

What can India and Bangladesh learn from these foreign enclave cases? They have three main options. The worst is to maintain the status quo, each country refusing to properly govern its own enclaves while also forbidding the other to govern its enclaves across the intervening territory. This “dog-in-the-manger” attitude has reduced the enclaves to poverty and despair, countenanced violence and oppression, fostered corruption, and encourages the problems of criminal dens and drug-cultivation in the enclaves.

The second option is an enclave exchange. Inhabitants should be given two independent options concerning citizenship and relocation. For up to two years after the enclave exchange, they should have the option to choose whether to retain their current citizenship or to become citizens of the other country. They should also have the independent option to remain owning and farming the land they occupy after its tranfer to the other country, or of being resettled on land of equivalent value, size and productive capacity in their original country. There is no reason why they should not be able to choose to stay in situ and retain their old citizenship, nor why they could not hold both citizenships: dual nationality is an increasingly common occurrence worldwide.

The problems with this policy include a requirement for equivalent land for the resettlement of those wishing to relocate, and the need for each country to recognise the inhabitants of its enclaves as its own citizens before exchange. An imbalance in the numbers on each side desiring resettlement will cause difficulties. But it would only repeat the injustices of the 1947 partition if an exchange was made without addressing the needs of the enclave inhabitants, and allowing them some input into the process. The enclaves also form the world’s most complicated boundary, and include the world’s only counter-counter-enclave: so another problem with exchange is heritage loss. Finally, an exchange of enclaves is also an admittance of failure.

Enclave exchange will remove a cartographic anomaly but it will not solve the underlying tensions in bilateral relations. The enclaves are not a problem in themselves but are simply a focus point for distrust and tension created elsewhere. Exchange may not improve the lives of the chhit mahalis, who may end up marginalised, landless and dispossessed by the exchange process. Even if able to remain on their lands, they will still be living in an economically and politically peripheral location. Therefore any exchange should be entered into only with the will of, and in full consultation with, the people involved, so as not to become a further injustice.

A third policy is to retain the enclaves but improve their situation. The 30 enclaves of Belgium and the Netherlands at Baarle, along with other enclaves of Europe and the Middle East, are a good model for this. The advantages are many. It would put the enclave dwellers in charge of their own destiny, leaving them on their lands, but able to engage fully as citizens of their own country.

The distances between each country and its own enclaves are small, often less than one kilometre, rarely more than two or three. Designated access routes, for foot, cart and motorised traffic, could be easily set up and policed. This would allow enclave dwellers to traverse the intervening country to reach the nearest schools and markets of their own country. The local district commissioners should be granted authority to meet frequently and at will to discuss any problems and work out local solutions, without having to refer to New Delhi or Dhaka. Officials such as teachers, doctors, district officials, electoral officers, census enumerators and police should also be permitted visa-free access on demand. Which country’s currency, excise laws, and postal system, electricity and other services are used in an enclave should be based on principles of efficiency, not on chauvinistic nationalism.

There is no reason why exchange of enclaves for customs and excise purposes made in the 1930s could not be readopted. Indian enclaves could be alcohol-free like surrounding Bangladesh, and Bangladeshi enclaves could be prohibited from slaughtering cows as in India. This is no more a threat to the sovereignty of either country than is the differing alcohol and tax regimes of the Indian states and territories. The unique border situation of the enclaves would encourage tourism to this forgotten region in both countries, offering new economic possibilities to an area devoid of industrial capability and development.

India and Bangladesh are not alone in wrestling with the problem of enclaves. Similar problems have been solved in most other enclaves around the world. The long-delayed exchange of the Cooch Behar enclaves, mooted since 1910 and agreed upon in 1958 may simplify the border itself, but it is unlikely to improve bilateral relations, assist economic development of the area or improve the lives of the enclave dwellers. The needs and desires of the chhit-mahalis must be taken into account, but action must be taken to remove their current effective statelessness. The examples of successful enclaves elsewhere in the world suggest that even if relations between two countries are not completely harmonious, enclaves can exist and be beneficial to the economic potential of the area and the prosperity of its inhabitants. These two aspects are the raison d’etre of government, hence it behoves the governments concerned to ensure that any solution to the enclave problem addresses these issues and not merely cartographic simplification, which may only cement the 1947 division more firmly.”

Brendan’s article was published in two parts on Sunday and Monday  July 22 2007 &  July 23 2007 with very slight alteration –except the splendid maps he had sent failed to be published!

“The Enclave Problem India, Bangladesh can and must solve this 300-year-old issue! By BRENDANWHYTE

There are 198 “enclaves” (chhit-mahals) between India and Bangladesh. Cooch Behar district has 106 enclaves in Bangladesh, and Bangladesh has 92 enclaves in India: 88 in Cooch Behar, 3 in Jalpaiguri, and 1 between Cooch Behar and Assam’s Dhubri district. The enclaves vary from clusters of villages to individual fields. The smallest Indian enclave may be Panisala, only 0.1093 ha; the smallest Bangladeshi enclave is Upan Chowki Bhajni #24 at 0.2870 ha. The largest are India’s Balapara Khagrabari at 25.95 sq. km, and Bangladesh’s 18.68 sq. km Dahagram-Angarpota. The 198 enclaves also include 3 Indian and 21 Bangladeshi counter-enclaves (enclaves within enclaves). India also possesses the world’s only counter-counter-enclave: a 0.69 ha jute field inside a Bangladeshi enclave inside an Indian enclave inside Bangladesh! Enclave population-sizes are unknown. The last census to include enclaves was conducted in 1951, although the Pakistani enumeration was incomplete. The population today is probably under 100,000 in total, 60% living in Indian enclaves in Bangladesh, the rest in Bangladeshi enclaves in India. The enclaves are 300 years old, originating during the Mughal wars against Cooch Behar in the late 1600s. A treaty was concluded in 1711 in which the Mughals obtained three chaklas from Cooch Behar, but the Subahdar of Bengal rejected the treaty and forced Cooch Behar to cede further lands in 1713, reducing it to about its present borders. This second treaty is the origin of the enclaves: as in feudal Europe, the holdings of kings and their vassals were not contiguous wholes but rather a patchwork of land parcels, so the ceded chaklas included lands inside the unceded areas and vice versa. The East India Company fixed the Bengal-Cooch Behar boundary about 1773, and by 1814 noted that the enclaves were safe havens for bandits. Yet the Company itself created more enclaves in 1817 when it adjudicated a territorial dispute between Cooch Behar and Bhutan, creating Cooch Behari enclaves in then-Bhutanese territory (now Alipurduar district of Jalpaiguri). These enclaves remained when the British annexed the Bhutanese lands in 1865. The British quashed the bandit menace but proliferation of liquor, ganja and opium shops in the enclaves became an excise problem between Bengal and Cooch Behar. After discussions, the main boundary of Cooch Behar became the customs and excise boundary. All Cooch Behar enclaves in British India fell under British excise control, while all British enclaves in Cooch Behar fell under Cooch Behari excise control. This practical solution to the problem in hand left the sovereignty of the enclaves intact. A full exchange of enclaves was suggested by the British in the early 1930s, to reduce the costs of the upcoming survey and demarcation of the Cooch Behar boundary but the idea was dropped in face of strong local objections, and all the enclaves were surveyed and demarcated with pillars by the late 1930s. Partition and independence in 1947, and the subsequent accession of Cooch Behar to India in 1949, elevated the enclaves to the international level. Initially this was unproblematic, with India and Pakistan concluding agreements on cross-border trade and movement in the enclave areas. The 1951 census included the enclaves. But Pakistan’s unilateral 1952 introduction of visa requirements, and immediate Indian reciprocation sealed the fate of the enclave dwellers. High-level politics subordinated the needs of enclave dwellers on both sides. Full exchange was again agreed upon by the 1958 Nehru-Noon accord, and this was reiterated in a modified form in the 1974 Indira-Mujib agreement between India and Bangladesh (Bangladesh would keep its largest enclave, Dahagram-Angarpota, to guarantee access to which, India would lease it a short corridor). But a succession of mainly Indian legal challenges regarding the constitutionality of both accords prevented implementation until 1992, when the Tin Bigha corridor was finally opened. The exchange of the remaining enclaves, agreed in 1958 and 1974 and cleared of legal challenges by 1990 remains unimplemented, despite constant Bangladeshi calls for India to implement the agreements fully. Meanwhile, since the 1950s the chhit mahalis, or enclave dwellers, have been effectively rendered stateless by the two governments abandoning responsibility for them. India’s fencing of its border with Bangladesh has added a physical dimension to the political isolation of its own enclaves. The chhit mahalis on both sides are unable to vote, to attend schools or markets, to be helped by NGOs working in either country, or to seek police help or medical attention. Each country claims its original citizens have been forced out of their enclaves by the population of the other country surrounding them, and so each country refuses to extend its governmental responsibilities to the supposed invaders. Simultaneously each denies it can legally assist the populations of the other country’s enclaves inside its own territory. Abandoned by both sides, the chhit mahalis struggle to survive without the ability to protect their rights, homes or lives. Bandits once more make use of the enclaves to escape the jurisdiction of the surrounding state. The problem is one of India and Bangladesh’s own making but it is not unique. Since 1996, when the Lithuanian enclave of Pogiry in Belarus (population: three) was exchanged for equivalent land, 259 enclaves have remained on the world map. Besides India-Bangladesh, there are 61 enclaves affecting 21 countries as owners or hosts. Most consist of a single farm, or a village and its surrounding farmland, inside a neighbouring country. Some approach the complexity of the Cooch Behar enclaves, such as 30 enclaves (including 8 counter-enclaves) belonging to Belgium and the Netherlands in the village of Baarle (population 8500). The Belgian-Dutch enclaves originated in a feudal agreement c.1198, and emerged at the international level when Belgium declared independence from the Netherlands in 1830. The enclaves were an annoyance to customs, police and foreign ministry officials; but arrangements allowed goods to pass into and through the enclaves, paying tax only if they were destined for the other country or its enclaves. Nevertheless, smuggling brought prosperity to a village on the economic and political periphery of both countries. Today the village park boasts a statue honouring the smugglers. The economic union of Belgium and the Netherlands and the subsequent European Union have eliminated the profitabililty of smuggling without the need for policing or fences. Different town halls and churches exist side by side. Several businesses and houses straddle the enclave boundaries, enjoying two postal addresses and two telephone connections. The policemen from each country share an office. The fire departments work together with special hose-coupling devices. Utilities, sewerage, road maintenance and rubbish collection are conducted by one country or the other for the population of both. Where a national law unduly inconveniences the enclaves, an exception is granted. Thus while Sunday shopping is illegal in the Netherlands, the shops in Baarle’s Dutch enclaves may open on Sundays to compete with the Belgian shops, and the village has a thriving Sunday market, drawing crowds from both countries. Before the Euro was introduced, all shopkeepers and government offices accepted both national currencies. Overall the village has boomed as a border market, increasingly tourism-oriented, marketing its enclaves as a tourist attraction. Without the enclaves Baarle would be a small unimportant village. The enclaves have allowed it to surpass its neighbouring villages in size and prosperity. Other enclaves are often placed inside the customs, postal or telephone jurisdiction of the surrounding country. Switzerland tolerates a casino in the Italian tax-haven enclave of Campione d’Italia, on condition that Swiss citizens have a daily betting limit. Germany’s village of Büsingen, also inside Switzerland, is inside the Swiss customs and currency area, not that of the EU. Passage from the UAE into the Omani enclave of Madha and into the UAE’s counter-enclave of Dahwa inside remain free of controls for locals and foreigners alike. On Cyprus, locals from two villages enclaved inside the British territory (and military base) of Dhekelia move about freely, and farm land under both British and Cypriot sovereignty. (To be concluded)

The enclave problem~II What can India and Bangladesh learn from these foreign enclave cases? They have three main options. The worst is to maintain the status quo, each country refusing to properly govern its own enclaves while also forbidding the other to govern its enclaves across the intervening territory. This “dog-in-the-manger” attitude has reduced the enclaves to poverty and despair, countenanced violence and oppression, fostered corruption, and encouraged the problems of criminal dens and drug-cultivation in the enclaves. The second option is an enclave exchange. Inhabitants should be given two independent options concerning citizenship and relocation. For up to two years after the enclave exchange, they should have the option to choose whether to retain their current citizenship or to become citizens of the other country. They should also have the independent option to remain owning and farming the land they occupy after its transfer to the other country, or of being resettled on land of equivalent value, size and productive capacity in their original country.

Dual nationality There is no reason why they should not be able to choose to stay in situ and retain their old citizenship, nor why they could not hold both citizenships: dual nationality is an increasingly common occurrence worldwide. The problems with this policy include a requirement for equivalent land for the resettlement of those wishing to relocate, and the need for each country to recognise the inhabitants of its enclaves as its own citizens before exchange. An imbalance in the numbers on each side desiring resettlement will cause difficulties. But it would only repeat the injustices of the 1947 Partition if an exchange was made without addressing the needs of the enclave inhabitants, and allowing them some input into the process. The enclaves also form the world’s most complicated boundary, and include the world’s only counter-counter-enclave: so another problem with exchange is heritage loss. Finally, an exchange of enclaves is also an admittance of failure. Enclave exchange will remove a cartographic anomaly but it will not solve the underlying tensions in bilateral relations. The enclaves are not a problem in themselves but are simply a focus point for distrust and tension created elsewhere. Exchange may not improve the lives of the chhit mahalis, who may end up marginalised, landless and dispossessed by the exchange process. Even if able to remain on their lands, they will still be living in an economically and politically peripheral location. Therefore any exchange should be entered into only with the will of, and in full consultation with, the people involved, so as not to become a further injustice. A third policy is to retain the enclaves but improve their situation. The 30 enclaves of Belgium and the Netherlands at Baarle, along with other enclaves of Europe and the Middle East, are a good model for this. The advantages are many. It would put the enclave dwellers in charge of their own destiny, leaving them on their lands, but able to engage fully as citizens of their own country. The distances between each country and its own enclaves are small, often less than one kilometre, rarely more than two or three. Designated access routes, for foot, cart and motorised traffic, could be easily set up and policed. This would allow enclave dwellers to traverse the intervening country to reach the nearest schools and markets of their own country. The local district commissioners should be granted authority to meet frequently and at will to discuss any problems and work out local solutions, without having to refer to New Delhi or Dhaka. Officials such as teachers, doctors, district officials, electoral officers, census enumerators and police should also be permitted visa-free access on demand. Which country’s currency, excise laws, and postal system, electricity and other services are used in an enclave should be based on principles of efficiency, not on chauvanistic nationalism. There is no reason why exchange of enclaves for customs and excise purposes made in the 1930s could not be readopted. Indian enclaves could be alcohol-free like surrounding Bangladesh, and Bangladeshi enclaves could be prohibited from slaughtering cows as in India. This is no more a threat to the sovereignty of either country than is the differing alcohol and tax regimes of the Indian states and territories. The unique border situation of the enclaves would encourage tourism to this forgotten region in both countries, offering new economic possibilities to an area devoid of industrial capability and development.

Economic potential

India and Bangladesh are not alone in wrestling with the problem of enclaves. Similar problems have been solved in most other enclaves around the world. The long-delayed exchange of the Cooch Behar enclaves, mooted since 1910 and agreed upon in 1958 may simplify the border itself, but it is unlikely to improve bilateral relations, assist economic development of the area or improve the lives of the enclave dwellers. The needs and desires of the chhit-mahalis must be taken into account, but action must be taken to remove their current effective statelessness. The examples of successful enclaves elsewhere in the world suggest that even if relations between two countries are not completely harmonious, enclaves can exist and be beneficial to the economic potential of the area and the prosperity of its inhabitants. These two aspects are the raison d’etre of government, hence it behooves the governments concerned to ensure that any solution to the enclave problem addresses these issues and not merely cartographic simplification, which may only cement the 1947 division more firmly.

(Concluded)”

I wrote to him immediately Hello, You were published in yesterday’s Sunday Statesman and continued in this morning’s edition, as the special article on the editorial page. I am enclosing the text as it appears on the Internet edition. Through some apparent editorial mishap, the illustrattions you sent never got published, and two photographs were used. I think you could follow it up with an invited talk in Kolkata. If you wish, I can look into that possibility. Send me a cv if you are interested and I shall see what I can do. Re working with me on the China-India problem, a visit from you might enable us to talk further. I am introducing you separately to the Editor’s assistant who should help with copies, money etc. Best wishes Subroto Roy

All that was between May and July 2007.

On 6 September 2011, Dr Manmohan Singh as India’s PM on a visit to Bangladesh apparently signed what the India’s Foreign Ministry calls the “2011 Protocol”. And now a few days ago, Prime Minister Sheik Hasina, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, along with the agreement of Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, have all signed a comprehensive landmark “Land Boundary Agreement” between India and Bangladesh, solving the 300 year problem!  All’s well that ends well…

And yes, Excellencies, PM Sheikha Hasina, PM Narendra Modi, former PM Manmohan Singh, CM Mamata Banerjee: re the Land Boundary Agreement, Dr Brendan Whyte and I and The Statesman newspaper may all take a bow after you…

Nota Bene:  The Statesman for some reason did not publish along with Dr Whyte’s excellent article these important maps which are now published here below for the first time:

Eastmainwest

A personal note: The words “enclave” and “No Man’s Land” entered my vocabulary due to my father back in January 1965 when we crossed from India through No Man’s Land into what was then East Pakistan. He was with India’s diplomatic post in Dhaka and during the 1965 war would be acting head while his friend G Parthasarathi was head of Mission in Karachi [Correction November 2015: Parthasarathi left shortly before the war, replaced in August 1965 by Kewal Singh]. Half a dozen years later in the summer of 1971, I was a schoolboy volunteer in West Dinajpur helping in small ways the innumerable refugees who had poured across the porous boundary with East Dinajpur during the tyranny West Pakistan had unleashed in East Pakistan; there was effectively no boundary distinction left then. I dedicate my part of this work to my late father MK Roy 1915-2012.

Pakistan’s & India’s Illusions of Power (Psychosis vs Vanity)

Preface: This paper culminates my line of argument since our University of Hawaii Pakistan book in the mid 1980s, through my work on the Kashmir problem in the 1990s, published in The Statesman in 2005/2006 etc and  in my undelivered Lahore lectures of 2011.  https://independentindian.com/2011/10/13/my-seventy-one-notes-at-facebook-etc-on-kashmir-pakistan-and-of-course-india-listed-thanks-to-jd/ The paper has faced resistance from both Indian and Pakistani newspapers for obvious reasons.  I would like to especially thank Beena Sarwar and Gita Sahgal in recent weeks for helpful comments.  (And Frank Hahn, immediately saw when I mentioned it to him in 2004 that my solution was Pareto-improving…etc)

 

The *Bulletin of Atomic Scientists* recently reported an Urdu book *Taqat ka Sarab* (‘*Illusion of Power*) published in Pakistan in December 2014 edited by the physicist Dr AH Nayyar. The book “aims to educate Pakistanis about the attitudes of their leadership toward nuclear weapons”. It says “Pakistan’s people have come to believe that the successful acquisition of nuclear capability means that their nation’s security is forever ensured”. Pakistani politicians, scientists and officials who created these weapons have used them to justify a “right to unlimited authority for ruling over Pakistan”. “Consequently, free discussion and honest opinion about nuclear weapons have been nearly prohibited, under the premise that any such talk poses a basic threat to national security.”

Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri’s order to Indian forces to cross the Punjab border towards Lahore in 1965 in response to President Ayub Khan’s attack in Kashmir genuinely shocked Pakistan’s political and military establishment at the time. It may have continued to do so ever since. Everyone in Lahore for those few days in September 1965 was ready to battle the invasion of infidel India considered imminent when Indian forces reached the Ichogil canal.

“Hindu-dominated India wants to occupy us and destroy the Pakistan Principle for which our martyrs died” has been the constantly heard Pakistani refrain. After 1965 it did not take long for Pakistan, via the ignominy of the 1971 surrender in Dhaka, to acquire by any means the technology to develop its own nuclear weapons, even under the noses of its American friends.

Now Pakistan is said to have some 110 nuclear warheads, mostly in a disassembled state but with a few on fighter-jets in hidden air-bases in Balochistan (made by the USA decades ago) always at the ready, waiting for that Indian attack that will never come. It may all have been psychotic delusion.

India has never initiated hostilities against Pakistan. Not once. Not in 1947, 1965, 1971, 1999, 2008.

In 1971 India undoubtedly supported the Mukti Bahini, and I myself, as a schoolboy distributing supplies to refugees from East Pakistan/Bangladesh, was personally witness to Indian military involvement as of August 1971. Even so, hostilities between the countries formally began on 3 December 1971 with the surprise Pakistani air attack on Indian bases in Punjab and UP.

Though India has never attacked first, the myth continues in Pakistan that wicked Hindu-dominated India wants to attack and suppress their country. What is closer to the truth is that the New Delhi elite is barely able to run New Delhi, and the last place on earth they would want to run is Pakistan.

On our Indian side, the Indian military has been allowed a budgetary carte blanche for decades, especially with foreign exchange resources. (Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on 28 February 2015 has allocated some 2,467 billion INR to the military.)

Despite our vast spending, a band of Lashkar-e-Tayyaba terrorists tyrannized Mumbai for days on end while we seem perpetually without strategy against the People’s Republic of China’s recurrent provocations.

The two world powers with traditional interests in India — Russia and Britain — place their long-term agents in Delhi’s high politics and places with impunity, getting done all they need to in particular cases. The USA, France, Israel and others follow suit – all mainly to do with selling India very expensive military weapons, aircraft etc. that they have in excess inventory.  India now has the notorious distinction of being the world’s largest weapons’ importer.

weaponsimportsfinal

Yet we are hardly a trading or monetary superpower.  We have large current account and budgetary deficits, and we are essentially buying whatever weapons, aircraft, shopping malls etc. that we do on foreign credit that we may or may not have. (Pakistan does the same.)

India’s illusions of power have to do with boasting a very large military that can take on the imperialists. We do not realize the New Imperialism that may control Delhi is not of a Clive or Dupleix but of clandestine or open foreign lobbyists and agents who get done what their masters need to have done on a case-by-case basis. The result is a corrosion of Indian power, sovereignty, and credit, little by little, and may lead to a collapse or grave crisis in the future. Even the BJP/RSS Government of Mr Modi (let aside the Sonia-Manmohan Congress and official Communists) may not realize how it all came about.

The way forward for both Pakistan and India is to seek to break the impasse between ourselves.

And there is no doubt the root problem remains Kashmir, and the hysteria and terrorism it has spawned over the years.  A resolution of these fundamental issues calls for some hard scholarship, political vision and guts. The vapid gassing of stray bureaucrats, journalists, diplomats or generals has gotten everyone precisely nowhere thus far.

I have argued at length in previous publications that the *de facto* boundary that was the Ceasefire Line in 1949, and was later renamed the Line of Control in 1972, is indeed also the *de jure* boundary between India and Pakistan.

Jammu & Kashmir came into existence as a legal entity on 16 March 1846 under the Dogra Gulab Singh, friend of the British during the Sikh wars, and a protégé earlier of the great Sikh Ranjit Singh.

Dogra J&K ended its existence as an entity recognized in international law on 15 August 1947. (Hari Singh, the fourth and last Dogra ruler where Gulab Singh had been the first, desperately sought Clement Attlee’s recognition but did not get it.)  Thanks to British legal confusion, negligence or cunning, the territory of what had been known as Dogra Jammu & Kashmir became sovereign-less or ownerless territory in international law on that date, with the creation of the new Pakistan and new India.

The new Pakistan as of August-September 1947 immediately started to plan to take the territory by force, and sought to implement that plan as of 22 October. Had the Pakistani attackers not stopped to indulge in the Rape of Baramullah, they would have taken Srinagar airport by 26 October, and there would have been no Indian defence of the territory possible. As matters turned out, the ownerless territory of what had been Dogra Jammu & Kashmir came to be divided by “military decision” (to use the UN’s term) between the new Pakistan and new India. Kargil and Drass were taken by Pakistan and then lost. Skardu was held by India and later lost. Neither military ever since is going to permit the other to take an inch from itself either by war or by diplomacy.

The *de facto* boundary over ownerless territory divided by military force is the *de jure* boundary in the Roman law that underlies all international law. Once both sides recognize that properly, we may proceed to the next stages. 

On the Pakistani side, recognizing Indian sovereignty over Indian territory in what had been J&K requires stamping out the LeT etc – perhaps not so much by force as by explaining to them that the fight is over, permanently. There is no jihad against India now or ever. Indian territory is not dar-ul-harb but dar-ul-aman: where more than one hundred million Muslim citizens of India freely and peacefully practice their faith.

On the Indian side, if, say, SAS Geelani and friends, under conditions of individual privacy, security and full information, wish to renounce Indian nationality, become stateless, and apply for some other nationality (like Pakistani or Afghan or Iranian) while continuing to live lawfully and law-abidingly on Indian territory, do we have a problem with that? We can’t really. The expatriate children of the Indian elite have renounced Indian nationality in America, Britain, Australia etc upon far weaker principles or beliefs. India has many foreign nationals living permanently on its territory peacefully and law-abidingly (Sir Mark Tully perhaps the most notable) and can add a few more.

The road would be gradually opened for an exchange of consulates between India and Pakistan in Srinagar and Muzaffarabad (leave aside vice-consulates or tourist offices in Jammu, Gilgit, Skardu, Leh). And the remaining Hurriyat, as new Pakistani nationals living in India, can visit the Pakistani consul in Srinagar for tea every day if they wish, to discuss Pakistani matters like Afridi’s cricket or Bilawal’s politics or whatever. 

The militaries and potentially powerful economies on both sides could then proceed towards real strength and cooperation, having dispelled their current illusions of power.

Viz  https://independentindian.com/2011/10/13/my-seventy-one-notes-at-facebook-etc-on-kashmir-pakistan-and-of-course-india-listed-thanks-to-jd/

 

Delhi can never be improved — until the rest of India improves!

As a general rule, capital cities are economically unproductive places. They neither grow food nor create industry. What they produce, or are supposed to produce, are public discussion, debate, decisions, as well as data and information for governance of the country as a whole.  People who come to capital cities — whether politicians or foreign diplomats or businessmen or students or even bureaucrats and journalists — should come there only for  temporary purposes, and then, once their work or business is done,  leave for their own “native places”… 

Of course only one city is a capital city.  Other cities and towns develop naturally in response to economies of scale in commerce and industry. My second piece of academic research at Cambridge back in 1976-77, which I talked about at the Delhi School of Economics in 1977-78 as a  Visiting Assistant Professor, had to do with India and other developing countries markedly being “Dual Economies”, where city and countryside, towns and metros and hinterland, are linked continuously by that wonderful two-way mass movement known as internal migration….

There is obviously seasonal migration of agricultural workers in search of urban employment during the time a crop is growing in the ground, returning home for the harvest and other festivals.  Beyond such seasonal flows, we may expect  rural-urban migration to continue depending on individual family calculations of expected employment, income, benefits etc, until as it were, the last person who has been thinking about migrating from village to town or from town to city decides not to move but to remain where he/she is.  Families typically maximise their well-being by having some members here, other members there or there etc, meeting up again during seasonal festivals when they can.  Besides, with modern commuter railways, large numbers of day-workers and vendors travel in and out of cities from the towns and villages every day.

The academic literature is vast and excellent, starting with Dale Jorgensen “The development of a dual economy”, 1961 EJ, Harris-Todaro, 1970, AER, and easily available, Jerome Rothenberg’s 1975 MIT discussion paper “On the economics of internal migration” http://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/63948/onmicroeconomics00roth.pdf?sequence=1… See too e.g. from 2010 http://www.csae.ox.ac.uk/conferences/2010-edia/papers/275-eberhardt.pdf

In case of Delhi, despite its lack of water and its inhospitable climatic conditions on the edge of the Rajasthan desert, the British stamped it to become their Imperial child in India for ever more…  Yet even the British routinely fled to Simla or England every summer — as the current Delhi elite flees abroad to their exported children in America, Europe, Australia etc…  

Since British times, Delhi has been pampered with India’s public resources.  Not making its own food or clothing, it must import everything from the rest of India. After 1947,  millions of Hindu & Sikh refugees from the new Pakistan set up shop… then came migrants from all over, Bengal, the South, North East, UP, Bihar, Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, Kashmir — everywhere.  Now Delhi’s problems can never be solved until the endless migration slows down. Delhi is India’s capital and the more it is pampered, the better it seems to become and hence the more attractive it seems to India’s many millions of free people.  It is not hard to see that Delhi can never do enough for its residents because, since, qua capital city, it does not grow food or create industry (and is supposed to produce only public debate, decisions etc as a service industry), whatever it spends on public services comes from India’s exchequer, which in turn creates incentives for mass migration to continue from everywhere with no equilibrium being ever reached. 

The fascist solution that was, as I recall, suggested momentarily by a former Congress CM of Delhi, would be to forcibly prevent people from coming in from the outside.   Apparently the PRC as a totalitarian regime has some kind of system of internal passports which restricts citizens from travelling into metros on their own free will.  That cannot work in free India, where the Constitution would forbit forbid it. Hence the correct long-term way to help Delhi solve its problems probably involves trying to improve the rest of the country!  It is something for the AAP Government to think about when it talks to Narendra Modi: seek to help the aam admi *outside* Delhi if you want to really help the aam admi inside Delhi!  In the meantime, try to improve efficiency in the local public goods the local government is supposed to produce, and do not ask for more resources from India.

This has been a 15 minute analysis…More to come…   

On India’s Education Policy (2014)

http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/Task-Cut-Out-for-Smriti-Irani/2014/06/16/article2282316.ece
http://epaper.newindianexpress.com/289101/The-New-Indian-Express-Chennai/16-06-2014#page/8/3

Mrs Irani’s New Job
Published in New Indian Express 16 June 2014 as “Task Cut Out For Smriti Irani”

 

When there is success in Indian education it is because of the genius of our children and youth, the deep involvement of parents, our stable families and cultures, and the efforts of thousands of dedicated unsung teachers and professors. Education is the ladder of social and economic mobility, allowing within a generation the children of labourers to become teachers, electricians, nurses and pharmacists, the children of teachers and tradesmen to become engineers, doctors and industrialists.

It is a universal task of government to make sure such ladders of learning exist to be climbed everywhere and that they’re sturdy and spacious. The ladders do not have to be government-provided; there can be as many or more privately offered alternatives too, and the choice should belong to parents and children as to which ladder of which kind they invest their hard-earned money and time in, so their families are best able to climb out of poverty or misfortune.

Education can be government financed without being government provided. For example, government can provide the parent or guardian of each school-pupil a handsome voucher to be used at any school of choice, public or private, for the child. This would allow a vast resource to be tapped which is the local knowledge that parents and pupils have about specific educational problems and opportunities in their own area.

Besides public financing of at least school education, government’s role remains one of ensuring and enforcing academic and financial discipline, so that any education provided at any level by any purported provider is worth its name. At its loftiest we may want education to nurture the child’s soul and build character, and consist of science, mathematics, literature, as well as music, sports and games. At the very least in Indian circumstances, we may insist upon a minimum of the three traditional Rs of Reading, wRiting, aRithmetic reaching every child without fail. There is a vital public interest in wanting every citizen to comprehend the world around him or her and function in it productively and thoughtfully as an adult.

Such may be Mrs Smriti Irani’s goals in her new job. The reality she faces though may be abysmal at best and appalling at worst. Throughout the system, Indian education has come close to being ruined in recent decades.

 

Those responsible for the situation include her predecessors in recent decades, plus bureaucrats who range from indifferent at best to corrupt at worst, and self-styled educationists and bogus “educational consultants” purveying the latest expensive educational fad, besides administrators, professors and teachers who have too often lost all sense of vocation, being interested more in the business of building and equipment contracts, private consulting, private tuition, everything but their simple job of transmission of substantial standard knowledge to young people.

 

The government’s own India Education Report said not long ago: “It does not require clever tools of measurement to demonstrate that there are millions of children in India who are totally deprived of any education worth the name. And it is not as if they are invisible, remote, and therefore unreached. They are everywhere in the cities: on the streets, wiping cars at traffic junctions, picking rags in mounds of waste; in the roadside eateries; in small factories, as cheap labour or domestic help; at ‘home’ completing household chores. In the villages again they are everywhere, responding to the contextual demands of family work as well as bonded labour.”

 

Even leaving that aspect of the tragedy aside, our schoolchildren have ranked last or near last in standardised international testing in recent years, while our best higher education and technical institutions fail to reach world standards despite their pretensions and expenditure. That individual Indian students fare very well in foreign educational systems only reinforces the idea that they must escape our own system to do so, that a “brain drain” is somehow inevitable of our finest talent who have to migrate abroad to serve foreign nations after being educated at Indian public expense.

 

Mrs Irani can tell her bureaucrats: “Look, I do not pretend to be a highly educated person but if you think you and your ‘educational consultants’ can bamboozle me you are wrong. I am determined to improve our systems of education and let me tell you what we are going to be doing: we are going to be putting the full power of this ministry on the side of the weakest, most powerless and voiceless stakeholders in the system. Your sole criterion for policy in each educational situation you face is going to be judging what it does for the weakest voiceless stakeholder, typically primary and secondary-age children and their parents, as well as undergraduate or postgraduate students and dedicated teachers and researchers. That’s it.”

 

She can tell IIT and IIM directors and university VCs and registrars: “Why are you so interested in so many buildings and computer contracts? I’m going to have specially audited all such big purchase items in the last decade and more. And top foreign varsities are putting all their courses online. Can you at least put your faculty members’ names and credentials and courses online too, as well as your syllabi, schedules and accounts? Everyone in higher education will be asked to do the same. All this may enable better informed choice by parents and students while encouraging productive faculty members and discouraging the corrupt”.

 

She can tell state education ministers: “I fully know your problems of schools with one teacher for 100 children, schools without water or toilets or blackboards or roofs or books, leave aside midday meals. I know your problems with teacher-training and rote learning. Please prepare a practical school-by-school wish list of all the resources you need, and I assure you whatever funding the state government gives towards achieving such a goal, the Union government will double or triple that. We have a lot of public money being wasted on foreign weapons’ systems and all sorts of subsidies leave aside corruption, and I assure you I will find whatever money you need to establish proper schooling throughout India for the first time ever, for all our children.”

 

If Mrs Irani seeks to even try to do something like this seriously, hope for Indian education will be revived and she’ll have earned the applause of the country.

Some of My Works, Interviews etc on India’s Money, Public Finance, Banking, Trade, BoP, Land, etc (an incomplete list)

255360_10150856082957285_243609311_n185918_10150095999572285_91626_n

My “Critique of Monetary Ideas of Manmohan & Modi: the Roy Model explaining to Bimal Jalan, Nirmala Sitharaman, RBI etc what it is they are doing” of 2019 is here.

 

Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s edited by Subroto Roy & William E James, 1986-1992… pdf copy uploaded 2021

Pricing, Planning & Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India 1984, uploaded as pdf 2021

 

My Sep 2019 recommendation PM address each State Legislature, get all India Govt Accounting & Public Decision Making to have integrity; 16 May 2014 Advice scrap “Planning Commission”,integrate its assets with the Treasury, get the nationalised banks & RBI out of the Treasury

My critical assessment dated 23 August 2013 of Professors Jagdish Bhagwati & Amartya Sen and Dr Manmohan Singh is here

 

My critique of PM Modi’s 8 November 2016 statement began on Twitter immediately, and is  summarized here “Modi & Monetary Theory: Economic Consequences of the Prime Minister of India”

 3dec

My critical assessment dated 19 August 2013 of Professor Raghuram Rajan is here and here.

My 3 Dec 2012 Delhi talk on India’s Money is now available at You-Tube in an audio version here

My July 2012 article “India’s Money” in the Caymans Financial Review is here and here https://independentindian.com/2012/07/21/my-article-indias-money-in-the-cayman-financial-review-july-2012/

My 5 December 2012 interview by Mr Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, on Lok Sabha TV, the channel of India’s Lower House of Parliament, broadcast for the first time on 9 December 2012 on Lok Sabha TV, is here and here  in two parts.

My interview by GDI Impuls banking quarterly of  Zürich  published on 6 Dec 2012 is here.

My interview by Ragini Bhuyan of Delhi’s Sunday Guardian published on 16 Dec 2012  is here.

 “Monetary Integrity and the Rupee” (2008)

https://independentindian.com/2008/09/28/monetary-integrity-and-the-rupee/

  “India’s Macroeconomics” (2007)

“Fiscal Instability” (2007)

 “Fallacious Finance” (2007)

https://independentindian.com/2007/03/05/fallacious-finance-the-congress-bjp-cpi-m-et-al-may-be-leading-india-to-hyperinflation/

 

https://independentindian.com/2021/12/01/on-the-simplest-smallest-most-universal-direct-flattax-of-500-rupees-per-annum-for-india-accruing-to-the-states-with-a-bpl-exemption-too/

 

Budgets & Financial Positions of Three of India’s Most Populous States (combined population c.300 million)…Brought to you especially by Dr Subroto Roy… Feel free to use (with acknowledgment)…

 

 “Growth and Government Delusion” (2008)

https://independentindian.com/2008/02/22/growth-government-delusion/

 “Distribution of Govt of India Expenditure (Net of Operational Income) 1995”
https://independentindian.com/2008/07/27/distribution-of-govt-of-india-expenditure-net-of-operational-income-1995/

“India in World Trade & Payments” (2007)

https://independentindian.com/2007/02/12/india-in-world-trade-payments/

 

“Path of the Indian Rupee 1947-1993″ (1993)

https://independentindian.com/1993/06/01/path-of-the-indian-rupee-1947-1993/

 

“Our Policy Process” (2007)

https://independentindian.com/2007/02/20/our-policy-process-self-styled-planners-have-controlled-indias-paper-money-for-decades/

 

“Indian Money and Credit” (2006)

https://independentindian.com/2006/08/06/indian-money-and-credit/

 

“Indian Money and Banking” (2006)

https://independentindian.com/2006/04/23/indian-money-and-banking/

 

“Indian Inflation” (2008)

https://independentindian.com/2008/04/16/indian-inflation-upside-down-economics-from-new-delhis-establishment/

 How the Liabilities/Assets Ratio of Indian Banks Changed from 84% in 1970 to 108% in 1998 https://independentindian.com/2008/10/20/how-the-liabilitiesassets-ratio-of-indian-banks-changed-from-84-in-1970-to-108-in-1998/

indiasbanks1

“Growth of Real Income, Money & Prices in India 1869-2004” (2005)

https://independentindian.com/2008/07/28/growth-of-real-income-money-prices-in-india-1869-2004/

 

“How to Budget” (2008)

https://independentindian.com/2008/02/26/how-to-budget-thrift-not-theft-should-guide-our-public-finances/

 

“Waffle but No Models of Monetary Policy: The RBI and Financial Repression (2005)”

https://independentindian.com/2005/10/27/waffle-but-no-models-of-monetary-policy-the-rbi-and-financial-repression/

 

 

“The Dream Team: A Critique” (2006)

https://independentindian.com/2006/01/08/the-dream-team-a-critique/

 

 

“Against Quackery” (2007)

https://independentindian.com/2007/09/24/against-quackery/

 

 

“Mistaken Macroeconomics” (2009)

https://independentindian.com/2009/06/12/mistaken-macroeconomics-an-open-letter-to-prime-minister-dr-manmohan-singh/

 

Towards a Highly Transparent Fiscal & Monetary Framework for India’s Union & State Governments (RBI lecture 29 April 2000)

https://independentindian.com/2000/04/29/towards-a-highly-transparent-fiscal-monetary-framework-for-india%E2%80%99s-union-state-governments/

“The Indian Revolution (2008)”

https://independentindian.com/2008/12/08/the-indian-revolution/

Can India Become an Economic Superpower or Will There Be a Monetary Meltdown? (2005)

https://independentindian.com/2005/05/05/can-india-become-an-economic-superpower-or-will-there-be-a-monetary-meltdown-2005/

 

Memo to Kaushik Basu, 2010

Land, Liberty, & Value, 2006

https://independentindian.com/2006/12/31/land-liberty-value/

On Land-Grabbing, 2007

https://independentindian.com/2007/01/14/on-land-grabbing/

No Marxist MBAs? An amicus curiae brief for the Honourable High Court

https://independentindian.com/2007/08/29/no-marxist-mbasan-amicus-curae-brief-for-the-honourable-high-court/

Coverage in The *Asian Age*/*Deccan Herald* of 4 Dec 2012.

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Posted in Academic research, Amartya Sen, Arvind Panagariya, Bhagwati-Sen spat, Britain in India, China's macroeconomics, China's savings rate, Economic Policy, Economic quackery, Economic Theory, Economic Theory of Growth, Economic Theory of Interest, Economic Theory of Value, Economics of exchange controls, Economics of Public Finance, GDI Impuls Zurich, Government accounting, Government Budget Constraint, Government of India, India's Big Business, India's credit markets, India's Government economists, India's 1991 Economic Reform, India's balance of payments, India's Banking, India's Budget, India's Capital Markets, India's corporate governance, India's corruption, India's currency history, India's Economic History, India's Economy, India's Exports, India's Foreign Exchange Reserves, India's Foreign Trade, India's Government Budget Constraint, India's Government Expenditure, India's Macroeconomics, India's Military Defence, India's Monetary & Fiscal Policy, India's Money, India's nomenclatura, India's political lobbyists, India's Politics, India's pork-barrel politics, India's poverty, India's Public Finance, India's Reserve Bank, India's State Finances, Inflation, Institute of Economic Affairs, International economics, Jagdish Bhagwati, Jean Drèze, Lok Sabha TV, Macroeconomics, Manmohan Singh, Microeconomic foundations of macroeconomics, Milton Friedman, Raghuram Govind Rajan, Raghuram Rajan, Rajiv Gandhi, Reverse-Euro Model for India, Sen-Bhagwati spat, Sonia Gandhi. 1 Comment »

Did Jagdish Bhagwati “originate”, “pioneer”, “intellectually father” India’s 1991 economic reform? Did Manmohan Singh? Or did I, through my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi, just as Siddhartha Shankar Ray told Manmohan & his aides in Sep 1993 in Washington? Judge the evidence for yourself. And why has Amartya Sen misdescribed his work? India’s right path forward today remains what I said in my 3 Dec 2012 Delhi lecture!

Did Jagdish Bhagwati “originate”, “pioneer”, “intellectually father” India’s 1991 economic reform?  Did Manmohan Singh? Or did I, through my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi, just as Siddhartha Shankar Ray told Manmohan & his aides in Sep 1993 in Washington?  Judge the evidence for yourself.  And why has Amartya Sen misdescribed his work? India’s right path forward today remains what I said in my 3 Dec 2012 Delhi lecture!

[See also “I’m on my way out”: Siddhartha Shankar Ray (1920-2010)…An Economist’s Tribute”; “Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform”; “Three Memoranda to Rajiv Gandhi 1990-1991″ 

Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s edited by Subroto Roy & William E James, 1986-1992… pdf copy uploaded 2021

Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s, edited by William E James & Subroto Roy, 1986-1993… pdf copy uploaded 2021

Critique of Amartya Sen: A Tragedy of Plagiarism, Fake News, Dissimulation

Contents

 

Part I:  Facts vs Fiction, Flattery, Falsification, etc

1. Problem

2.    Rajiv Gandhi, Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Milton Friedman & Myself

3.     Jagdish Bhagwati & Manmohan Singh?  That just don’t fly!

 4.    Amartya Sen’s Half-Baked Communism:  “To each according to his need”?

  Part II:    India’s Right Road Forward Now: Some Thoughtful Analysis for Grown Ups

5.   Transcending a Left-Right/Congress-BJP Divide in Indian Politics

6.   Budgeting Military & Foreign Policy

7.    Solving the Kashmir Problem & Relations with Pakistan

8.  Dealing with Communist China

9.   Towards Coherence in Public Accounting, Public Finance & Public Decision-Making

10.   India’s Money: Towards Currency Integrity at Home & Abroad

 

Part I:  Facts vs Fiction, Flattery, Falsification, etc

1. Problem


Arvind Panagariya says in the Times of India of 27 July 2013

 “…if in 1991 India embraced many of the Track-I reforms, writings by Sen played no role in it… The intellectual origins of the reforms are to be found instead in the writings of Bhagwati, both solely and jointly with Padma Desai and T N Srinivasan….”

Now Amartya Sen has not claimed involvement in the 1991 economic reforms so we are left with Panagariya claiming

“The intellectual origins of the reforms are to be found instead in the writings of Bhagwati…”

Should we suppose Professor Panagariya’s master and co-author Jagdish Bhagwati himself substantially believes and claims the same?  Three recent statements from Professor Bhagwati suffice by way of evidence:

(A)  Bhagwati said to parliamentarians in the Lok Sabha on 2 December 2010 about the pre-1991 situation:

“This policy framework had been questioned, and its total overhaul advocated, by me and Padma Desai in writings through the late 1960s which culminated in our book, India: Planning for Industrialization (Oxford University Press: 1970) with a huge blowback at the time from virtually all the other leading economists and policymakers who were unable to think outside the box. In the end, our views prevailed and the changes which would transform the economy began, after an external payments crisis in 1991, under the forceful leadership of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh who was the Finance Minister at the time….”

(B)  Bhagwati said to Economic Times on 28 July 2013:

“When finance minister Manmohan Singh was in New York in 1992, he had a lunch for many big CEOs whom he was trying to seduce to come to India. He also invited me and my wife, Padma Desai, to the lunch. As we came in, the FM introduced us to the invitees and said: ‘These friends of mine wrote almost a quarter century ago [India: Planning for Industrialisation was published in 1970 by Oxford] recommending all the reforms we are now undertaking. If we had accepted the advice then, we would not be having this lunch as you would already be in India’.”

(C)  And Bhagwati said in Business Standard of 9 August 2013:

“… I was among the intellectual pioneers of the Track I reforms that transformed our economy and reduced poverty, and witness to that is provided by the Prime Minister’s many pronouncements and by noted economists like Deena Khatkhate.. I believe no one has accused Mr. Sen of being the intellectual father of these reforms. So, the fact is that this huge event in the economic life of India passed him by…”

From these pronouncements it seems fair to conclude Professors Bhagwati and Panagariya are claiming Bhagwati has been the principal author of “the intellectual origins” of India’s 1991 reforms, has been their “intellectual father” or at the very least has been “among the intellectual pioneers” of the reform (“among” his own collaborators and friends, since none else is mentioned).  Bhagwati has said too his friend Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister participated in the process while quoting Manmohan as having said Bhagwati was the principal author. 

Bhagwati’s opponent in current debate,  Amartya Sen, has been in agreement with him that Manmohan, their common friend during college days at Cambridge in the 1950s, was a principal originating the 1991 reforms, saying to Forbes in 2006:

“When Manmohan Singh came to office in the early 1990s as the newly appointed finance minister, in a government led by the Congress Party, he knew these problems well enough, as someone who had been strongly involved in government administration for a long time.”

In my experience, such sorts of claims, even in their weakest form, have been, at best, scientifically sloppy and unscholarly,  at worst mendacious suppressio veri/suggestio falsi, and in between these best and worst interpretations, examples of academic self-delusion and mutual flattery.  We shall see Bhagwati’s opponent, Amartya Sen, has denied academic paternity of recent policies he has spawned while appearing to claim academic paternity of things he has not!  Everyone may have reasonably expected greater self-knowledge, wisdom and scholarly values of such eminent academics.  Their current spat has instead seemed to reveal something rather dismal and self-serving. 

You can decide for yourself where the truth, ever such an elusive and fragile thing, happens to be and what is best done about it.   Here is some evidence.

 

2.  Rajiv Gandhi, Siddhartha Shankar Ray,  Milton Friedman & Myself

Professor Arvind Panagariya is evidently an American economics professor of Indian national origin who holds the Jagdish Bhagwati Chair of Indian Political Economy at Columbia University.   I am afraid I had not known his name until he mentioned my name in Economic Times of  24 October 2001.   He said

panagariya

In mentioning the volume “edited by Subroto Roy and William E  James”,  Professor Panagariya did not appear to find the normal scientific civility to identify our work by name, date or publisher.  So here that is now:

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This was a book published in 1992 by the late Tejeshwar Singh for Sage.  It resulted from the University of Hawaii Manoa perestroika-for-India project, that I and Ted James created and led between 1986 and 1992/93.   (Yes, Hawaii — not Stanford, Harvard, Yale, Columbia or even Penn, whose India-policy programs were Johnny-come-latelies a decade or more later…)   There is a sister-volume too on Pakistan, created by a parallel project Ted and I had led at the same time (both now in pdf):

pakvol

In 2004 from Britain, I wrote to the 9/11 Commission saying if our plan to study Afghanistan after India and Pakistan had not been thwarted by malign local forces among our sponsors themselves, we, a decade before the September 11 2001 attacks on the USA, may  just have come up with a pre-emptive academic analysis.   It was not to be.

Milton Friedman’s chapter that we published for the first time was a memorandum he wrote in November 1955 for the Government of India which the GoI had effectively suppressed.  I came to know of it while a doctoral student at Cambridge under Frank Hahn, when at a conference at Oxford about 1979-1980, Peter Tamas Bauer sat me down beside him and told me the story.  Later in Blacksburg about 1981, N. Georgescu-Roegen on a visit from Vanderbilt University told me the same thing.  Specifically, Georgescu-Roegen told me that leading Indian academics had almost insulted Milton in public which Milton had borne gamely; that after Milton had given a talk in Delhi to VKRV Rao’s graduate-students,  a talk Georgescu-Roegen had been present at, VKRV Rao had addressed the students and told them in all seriousness “You have heard what Professor Friedman has to say, if you repeat what he has said in your exams, you will fail”.

In 1981-1982 my doctoral thesis emerged, titled “On liberty & economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”,

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My late great master in economic theory, Frank Hahn (1925-2013), found what I had written to be a “good thesis” bringing “a good knowledge of economics and of philosophy to bear on the literature on economic planning”, saying I had  shown “a good knowledge of economic theory” and my “critique of Development Economics was powerful not only on methodological but also on economic theory grounds”.  

I myself said about it decades later “My original doctoral topic in 1976  ‘A monetary theory for India’ had to be altered not only due to paucity of monetary data at the time but because the problems of India’s political economy and allocation of resources in the real economy were far more pressing. The thesis that emerged in 1982 … was a full frontal assault from the point of view of microeconomic theory on the “development planning” to which everyone routinely declared their fidelity, from New Delhi’s bureaucrats and Oxford’s “development” school to McNamara’s World Bank with its Indian staffers.  Frank Hahn protected my inchoate liberal arguments for India; and when no internal examiner could be found, Cambridge showed its greatness by appointing two externals, Bliss at Oxford and Hutchison at Birmingham, both Cambridge men. “Economic Theory and Development Economics” was presented to the American Economic Association in December 1982 in company of Solow, Chenery, Streeten, and other eminences…” How I landed on that eminent AEA panel in December 1982 was because its convener Professor George Rosen of the University of Illinois recruited me overnight — as a replacement for Jagdish Bhagwati, who had had to return to India suddenly because of a parental death.  The results were published in 1983 in World Development.

Soon afterwards, London’s Institute of Economic Affairs published Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India.  This slim work (now in pdf)  was the first classical liberal critique of post-Mahalonobis Indian economic thought since BR Shenoy’s original criticism decades earlier.  It became the subject of The Times’ lead editorial on its day of publication 29 May 1984 — provoking the Indian High Commission in London to send copies to the Finance Ministry in Delhi where it apparently caused a stir, or so I was told years later by Amaresh Bagchi who was a recipient of it at the Ministry.

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The Times had said

“When Mr. Dennis Healey in the Commons recently stated that Hongkong, with one per cent of the population of India has twice India’s trade, he was making an important point about Hongkong but an equally important point about India. If Hongkong with one per cent of its population and less than 0.03 per cert of India’s land area (without even water as a natural resource) can so outpace India, there must be something terribly wrong with the way Indian governments have managed their affairs, and there is. A paper by an Indian economist published today (Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India by Subroto Roy, IEA £1.80) shows how Asia’s largest democracy is gradually being stifled by the imposition of economic policies whose woeful effect and rhetorical unreality find their echo all over the Third World. As with many of Britain’s former imperial possessions, the rot set in long before independence. But as with most of the other former dependencies, the instrument of economic regulation and bureaucratic control set up by the British has been used decisively and expansively to consolidate a statist regime which inhibits free enterprise, minimizes economic success and consolidates the power of government in all spheres of the economy. We hear little of this side of things when India rattles the borrowing bowl or denigrates her creditors for want of further munificence. How could Indian officials explain their poor performance relative to Hongkong? Dr Roy has the answers for them. He lists the causes as a large and heavily subsidized public sector, labyrinthine control over private enterprise, forcibly depressed agricultural prices, massive import substitution, government monopoly of foreign exchange transactions, artificially overvalued currency and the extensive politicization of the labour market, not to mention the corruption which is an inevitable side effect of an economy which depends on the arbitrament of bureaucrats. The first Indian government under Nehru took its cue from Nehru’s admiration of the Soviet economy, which led him to believe that the only policy for India was socialism in which there would be “no private property except in a restricted sense and the replacement of the private profit system by a higher ideal of cooperative service.” Consequently, the Indian government has now either a full monopoly or is one of a few oligipolists in banking, insurance, railways, airlines, cement, steel, chemicals, fertilizers, ship-building, breweries, telephones and wrist-watches. No businessman can expand his operation while there is any surplus capacity anywhere in that sector. He needs government approval to modernize, alter his price-structure, or change his labour shift. It is not surprising that a recent study of those developing countries which account for most manufactured exports from the Third World shows that India’s share fell from 65 percent in 1953 to 10 per cent in 1973; nor, with the numerous restrictions on inter-state movement of grains, that India has over the years suffered more from an inability to cope with famine than during the Raj when famine drill was centrally organized and skillfully executed without restriction. Nehru’s attraction for the Soviet model has been inherited by his daughter, Mrs. Gandhi. Her policies have clearly positioned India more towards the Soviet Union than the West. The consequences of this, as Dr Roy states, is that a bias can be seen in “the antipathy and pessimism towards market institutions found among the urban public, and sympathy and optimism to be found for collectivist or statist ones.” All that India has to show for it is the delivery of thousands of tanks in exchange for bartered goods, and the erection of steel mills and other heavy industry which help to perpetuate the unfortunate obsession with industrial performance at the expense of agricultural growth and the relief of rural poverty.”…..

I felt there were inaccuracies in this and so replied  dated 4 June which The Times published on 16 June 1984:

timesletter-11

Milton and I met for the first time in the Fall of 1984 at the Mont Pelerin Society meetings at Cambridge when I gave him a copy of the IEA monograph, which he came to think extremely well of.   I told him I had heard of his 1955 document and asked him for it; he sent me the original blue/purple version of this soon thereafter.

[That original document was, incidentally,  in my professorial office among all my books, papers, theses and other academic items including my gown when I was attacked in 2003 by a corrupt gang at IIT Kharagpur —  all yet to be returned to me by IIT despite a High Court order during my present ongoing battle against corruption there over a USD 1.9 million scam !… Without having ever wished to, I have had to battle India’s notorious corruption first hand for a decade!]

I published Milton’s document for the first time on 21 May 1989 at the conference of the Hawaii project over the loud objection of assorted leftists… 

friedman-et-al-at-uh-india-conf-19891

Amartya Sen, Jagdish Bhagwati, Manmohan Singh or any of their acolytes will not be seen in this group photograph dated 21 May 1989 at the UH President’s House, because they were not there.  The Government of India was represented by the Ambassador to Washington, PK Kaul, as well as the Consul General in San Francisco, KS Rana (later Ambassador to Germany), besides the founding head of ICRIER who had invited himself.  

Manmohan Singh was not there as he precisely represented the Indian economic policy establishment I had been determined to reform!   In any case, he had left India about 1987 on his last assignment before retirement, with Julius Nyerere of Tanzania relating to the “South-South Commission”.  

I have said over more than a half dozen years now that there is no evidence whatsoever of Manmohan Singh having been a liberal economist in any sense of that word at any time before 1991, and scant evidence that he originated any liberal economic ideas since.  The widespread worldwide notion that he is to be credited for originating a sudden transformation of India from a path of pseudo-socialism to one of pseudo-liberalism has been without basis in evidence — almost entirely a political fiction, though an explicable one and one which has served, as such political fictions do, the purposes of those who invent them.

Jagdish Bhagwati and Amartya Sen were in their mid 50s and were two of the three senior-most Indians in US academic economics at the time.  I and Ted James, both in our 30s, decided to invite both Bhagwati and Sen to the Hawaii project-conference as distinguished guests but to do so somewhat insincerely late in the day, predicting they would decline, which is what they did, yet they had come to be formally informed of what we were doing.  We had a very serious attitude that was inspired a bit, I might say, by Oppenheimer’s secret “Manhattan project” and we wanted neither press-publicity nor anyone to become the star who ended up hogging the microphone or the limelight.

Besides, and most important of all, neither Bhagwati nor Sen had done work in the areas we were centrally interested in, namely, India’s macroeconomic and foreign trade framework and fiscal and monetary policies.   

Bhagwati, after his excellent 1970 work with Padma Desai for the OECD on Indian industry and trade, also co-authored with TN Srinivasan a fine 1975 volume for the NBER  Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: India. 

TN Srinivasan was the third of the three senior-most Indian economists at the time in US academia; his work made us want to invite him as one of our main economic authors, and we charged him with writing the excellent chapter in Foundations that he came to do titled “Planning and Foreign Trade Reconsidered”.

The other main economist author we had hoped for was Sukhamoy Chakravarty from Delhi University and the Government of India’s Planning Commission, whom I had known since 1977 when I had been given his office at the Delhi School of Economics as a Visiting Assistant Professor while he was on sabbatical; despite my pleading he would not come due to ill health; he strongly recommended C Rangarajan, telling me Rangarajan had been the main author with him of the crucial 1985 RBI report on monetary policy; and he signed and gave me his last personal copy of that report dating it 14 July 1987.  Rangarajan said he could not come and recommended the head of the NIPFP, Amaresh Bagchi, promising to write jointly with him the chapter on monetary policy and public finance. 

Along with Milton Friedman’s suppressed 1955 memorandum which I was publishing for the first time in 1989, TN Srinivasan and Amaresh Bagchi authored the three main economic policy chapters that we felt we wanted. 

Other chapters we commissioned had to do with the state of governance (James Manor), federalism (Bhagwan Dua), Punjab and similar problems (PR Brass), agriculture (K Subbarao, as proposed by CH Hanumantha Rao), health (Anil Deolalikar, through open advertisement), and a historical assessment of the roots of economic policy (BR Tomlinson, as proposed by Anil Seal).  On the vital subject of education we failed to agree with the expert we wanted very much  (JBG Tilak, as proposed by George Psacharopolous) and so we had to cover the subject cursorily in our introduction mentioning his work.  And decades later, I apologised to Professor Dietmar Rothermund of Heidelberg University for having been so blinkered in the Anglo-American tradition at the time as to not having obtained his participation in the project.  

[The sister-volume we commissioned in parallel on Pakistan’s political economy had among its authors Francis Robinson, Akbar Ahmed, Shirin Tahir-Kehli, Robert La Porte, Shahid Javed Burki, Mohsin Khan, Mahmood Hasan Khan,  Naved Hamid, John Adams and Shahrukh Khan; this book came to be published in Pakistan in 1993 to good reviews but apparently was then lost by its publisher and is yet to be found; the military and religious clergy had been deliberately not invited by us though the name of Pervez Musharraf had I think arisen, and the military and religious clergy in fact came to rule the roost through the 1990s in Pakistan; the volume, two decades old, takes on fresh relevance with the new civilian governments of recent years.] [Postscript  27 November 2015: See my strident critique at Twitter of KM Kasuri, P Musharraf et al  e.g. at https://independentindian.com/2011/11/22/pakistans-point-of-view-or-points-of-view-on-kashmir-my-as-yet-undelivered-lahore-lecture-part-i/ passing off ideas they have taken from this volume without acknowledgement, ideas which have in any case become defunct  to their author, myself.]

Milton himself said this about his experience with me in his memoirs:

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miltononmefinal

And Milton wrote on my behalf when I came to be attacked, being Indian, at the very University that had sponsored us:

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My obituary notice at his passing in 2006 said: “My association with Milton has been the zenith of my engagement with academic economics…. I was a doctoral student of his bitter enemy yet for over two decades he not only treated me with unfailing courtesy and affection, he supported me in lonely righteous battles: doing for me what he said he had never done before, which was to stand as an expert witness in a United States Federal Court. I will miss him much though I know that he, as a man of reason, would not have wished me to….”

In August 1990 in Delhi I came to tell Siddhartha Shankar Ray about the unpublished India-manuscript resulting from the Hawaii project that was in my possession as it headed to its publisher. 

Ray was a family-friend whose maternal grandfather CR Das led the Congress Party before MK Gandhi and had been a friend and colleague of my great grandfather SN Roy in Bengal’s politics in the 1920s;  Ray had also consented to stand on my behalf as Senior Counsel in a matter in the Supreme Court of India. 

Ray was involved in daily political parlays at his Delhi home with other Congress Party personages led by PV Narasimha Rao.  These senior regional figures seemed to me to be keeping their national leader, Rajiv Gandhi, aloof in splendid isolation at 10 Jan Path. 

Ray told me he and his wife had been in London in May 1984 on the day The Times had written its lead editorial on my work and they had seen it with excitement.  Upon hearing of the Hawaii project and the manuscript I had with me, Ray immediately insisted of his own accord that I must meet Rajiv Gandhi, and that he would be arranging a meeting. 

Hence it came to be a month later that a copy of the manuscript of the completed Hawaii project was be given by my hand on 18 September 1990 to Rajiv Gandhi, then Leader of the Opposition and Congress President, an encounter I have quite fully described elsewhere.  I offered to get a copy to the PM, VP Singh, too but a key aide of his showed no interest in receiving it.

Rajiv made me a senior adviser, and I have claimed principal authorship of the 22 March 1991 draft of the Congress manifesto that actually shook and changed the political thinking of the Congress on economic matters in the direction Rajiv had desired and as I had advised him at our initial 18 September 1990 meeting. 

“… He began by talking about how important he felt panchayati raj was, and said he had been on the verge of passing major legislation on it but then lost the election. He asked me if I could spend some time thinking about it, and that he would get the papers sent to me. I said I would and remarked panchayati raj might be seen as decentralized provision of public goods, and gave the economist’s definition of public goods as those essential for the functioning of the market economy, like the Rule of Law, roads, fresh water, and sanitation, but which were unlikely to appear through competitive forces.

I distinguished between federal, state and local levels and said many of the most significant public goods were best provided locally. Rajiv had not heard the term “public goods” before, and he beamed a smile and his eyes lit up as he voiced the words slowly, seeming to like the concept immensely. It occurred to me he had been by choice a pilot of commercial aircraft. Now he seemed intrigued to find there could be systematic ways of thinking about navigating a country’s governance by common pursuit of reasonable judgement. I said the public sector’s wastefulness had drained scarce resources that should have gone instead to provide public goods. Since the public sector was owned by the public, it could be privatised by giving away its shares to the public, preferably to panchayats of the poorest villages. The shares would become tradable, drawing out black money, and inducing a historic redistribution of wealth while at the same time achieving greater efficiency by transferring the public sector to private hands. Rajiv seemed to like that idea too, and said he tried to follow a maxim of Indira Gandhi’s that every policy should be seen in terms of how it affected the common man. I wryly said the common man often spent away his money on alcohol, to which he said at once it might be better to think of the common woman instead. (This remark of Rajiv’s may have influenced the “aam admi” slogan of the 2004 election, as all Congress Lok Sabha MPs of the previous Parliament came to receive a previous version of the present narrative.)

Our project had identified the Congress’s lack of internal elections as a problem; when I raised it, Rajiv spoke of how he, as Congress President, had been trying to tackle the issue of bogus electoral rolls. I said the judiciary seemed to be in a mess due to the backlog of cases; many of which seemed related to land or rent control, and it may be risky to move towards a free economy without a properly functioning judicial system or at least a viable system of contractual enforcement. I said a lot of problems which should be handled by the law in the courts in India were instead getting politicised and decided on the streets. Rajiv had seen the problems of the judiciary and said he had good relations with the Chief Justice’s office, which could be put to use to improve the working of the judiciary.

The project had worked on Pakistan as well, and I went on to say we should solve the problem with Pakistan in a definitive manner. Rajiv spoke of how close his government had been in 1988 to a mutual withdrawal from Siachen. But Zia-ul-Haq was then killed and it became more difficult to implement the same thing with Benazir Bhutto, because, he said, as a democrat, she was playing to anti-Indian sentiments while he had found it somewhat easier to deal with the military. I pressed him on the long-term future relationship between the countries and he agreed a common market was the only real long-term solution. I wondered if he could find himself in a position to make a bold move like offering to go to Pakistan and addressing their Parliament to break the impasse. He did not say anything but seemed to think about the idea. Rajiv mentioned a recent Time magazine cover of Indian naval potential, which had caused an excessive stir in Delhi. He then talked about his visit to China, which seemed to him an important step towards normalization. He said he had not seen (or been shown) any absolute poverty in China of the sort we have in India. He talked about the Gulf situation, saying he did not disagree with the embargo of Iraq except he wished the ships enforcing the embargo had been under the U.N. flag. The meeting seemed to go on and on, and I was embarrassed at perhaps having taken too much time and that he was being too polite to get me to go. V. George had interrupted with news that Sheila Dixit (as I recall) had just been arrested by the U. P. Government, and there were evidently people waiting. Just before we finally stood up I expressed a hope that he was looking to the future of India with an eye to a modern political and economic agenda for the next election, rather than getting bogged down with domestic political events of the moment. That was the kind of hopefulness that had attracted many of my generation in 1985. I said I would happily work in any way to help define a long-term agenda. His eyes lit up and as we shook hands to say goodbye, he said he would be in touch with me again…. The next day I was called and asked to stay in Delhi for a few days, as Mr. Gandhi wanted me to meet some people…..

… That night Krishna Rao dropped me at Tughlak Road where I used to stay with friends. In the car I told him, as he was a military man with heavy security cover for himself as a former Governor of J&K, that it seemed to me Rajiv’s security was being unprofessionally handled, that he was vulnerable to a professional assassin. Krishna Rao asked me if I had seen anything specific by way of vulnerability. With John Kennedy and De Gaulle in mind, I said I feared Rajiv was open to a long-distance sniper, especially when he was on his campaign trips around the country.  This was one of several attempts I made since October 1990 to convey my clear impression to whomever I thought might have an effect that Rajiv seemed to me extremely vulnerable. Rajiv had been on sadhbhavana journeys, back and forth into and out of Delhi. I had heard he was fed up with his security apparatus, and I was not surprised given it seemed at the time rather bureaucratized. It would not have been appropriate for me to tell him directly that he seemed to me to be vulnerable, since I was a newcomer and a complete amateur about security issues, and besides if he agreed he might seem to himself to be cowardly or have to get even closer to his security apparatus. Instead I pressed the subject relentlessly with whomever I could. I suggested specifically two things: (a) that the system in place at Rajiv’s residence and on his itineraries be tested, preferably by some internationally recognized specialists in counter-terrorism; (b) that Rajiv be encouraged to announce a shadow-cabinet. The first would increase the cost of terrorism, the second would reduce the potential political benefit expected by terrorists out to kill him. On the former, it was pleaded that security was a matter being run by the V. P. Singh and then Chandrashekhar Governments at the time. On the latter, it was said that appointing a shadow cabinet might give the appointees the wrong idea, and lead to a challenge to Rajiv’s leadership. This seemed to me wrong, as there was nothing to fear from healthy internal contests for power so long as they were conducted in a structured democratic framework. I pressed to know how public Rajiv’s itinerary was when he travelled. I was told it was known to everyone and that was the only way it could be since Rajiv wanted to be close to the people waiting to see him and had been criticized for being too aloof. This seemed to me totally wrong and I suggested that if Rajiv wanted to be seen as meeting the crowds waiting for him then that should be done by planning to make random stops on the road that his entourage would take. This would at least add some confusion to the planning of potential terrorists out to kill him. When I pressed relentlessly, it was said I should probably speak to “Madame”, i.e. to Mrs. Rajiv Gandhi. That seemed to me highly inappropriate, as I could not be said to be known to her and I should not want to unduly concern her in the event it was I who was completely wrong in my assessment of the danger. The response that it was not in Congress’s hands, that it was the responsibility of the VP Singh and later the Chandrashekhar Governments, seemed to me completely irrelevant since Congress in its own interests had a grave responsibility to protect Rajiv Gandhi irrespective of what the Government’s security people were doing or not doing. Rajiv was at the apex of the power structure of the party, and a key symbol of secularism and progress for the entire country. Losing him would be quite irreparable to the party and the country. It shocked me that the assumption was not being made that there were almost certainly professional killers actively out to kill Rajiv Gandhi — this loving family man and hapless pilot of India’s ship of state who did not seem to have wished to make enemies among India’s terrorists but whom the fates had conspired to make a target. The most bizarre and frustrating response I got from several respondents was that I should not mention the matter at all as otherwise the threat would become enlarged and the prospect made more likely! This I later realized was a primitive superstitious response of the same sort as wearing amulets and believing in Ptolemaic astrological charts that assume the Sun goes around the Earth — centuries after Kepler and Copernicus. Perhaps the entry of scientific causality and rationality is where we must begin in the reform of India’s governance and economy. What was especially repugnant after Rajiv’s assassination was to hear it said by his enemies that it marked an end to “dynastic” politics in India. This struck me as being devoid of all sense because the unanswerable reason for protecting Rajiv Gandhi was that we in India, if we are to have any pretensions at all to being a civilized and open democratic society, cannot tolerate terrorism and assassination as means of political change. Either we are constitutional democrats willing to fight for the privileges of a liberal social order, or ours is truly a primitive and savage anarchy concealed beneath a veneer of fake Westernization….. Proceedings began when Rajiv arrived. This elite audience mobbed him just as the farmers had mobbed him earlier. He saw me and beamed a smile in recognition, and I smiled back but made no attempt to draw near him in the crush. He gave a short very apt speech on the role the United Nations might have in the new post-Gulf War world. Then he launched the book, and left for an investiture at Rashtrapati Bhavan. We waited for our meeting with him, which finally happened in the afternoon. Rajiv was plainly at the point of exhaustion and still hard-pressed for time. He seemed pleased to see me and apologized for not talking in the morning. Regarding the March 22 draft, he said he had not read it but that he would be doing so. He said he expected the central focus of the manifesto to be on economic reform, and an economic point of view in foreign policy, and in addition an emphasis on justice and the law courts. I remembered our September 18 conversation and had tried to put in justice and the courts into our draft but had been over-ruled by others. I now said the social returns of investment in the judiciary were high but was drowned out again. Rajiv was clearly agitated that day by the BJP and blurted out he did not really feel he understood what on earth they were on about. He said about his own family, “We’re not religious or anything like that, we don’t pray every day.” I felt again what I had felt before, that here was a tragic hero of India who had not really wished to be more than a happy family man until he reluctantly was made into a national leader against his will. We were with him for an hour or so. As we were leaving, he said quickly at the end of the meeting he wished to see me on my own and would be arranging a meeting. One of our group was staying back to ask him a favour. Just before we left, I managed to say to him what I felt was imperative: “The Iraq situation isn’t as it seems, it’s a lot deeper than it’s been made out to be.” He looked at me with a serious look and said “Yes I know, I know.” It was decided Pitroda would be in touch with each of us in the next 24 hours. During this time Narasimha Rao’s manifesto committee would read the draft and any questions they had would be sent to us. We were supposed to be on call for 24 hours. The call never came. Given the near total lack of system and organization I had seen over the months, I was not surprised. Krishna Rao and I waited another 48 hours, and then each of us left Delhi. Before going I dropped by to see Krishnamurty, and we talked at length. He talked especially about the lack of the idea of teamwork in India. Krishnamurty said he had read everything I had written for the group and learned a lot. I said that managing the economic reform would be a critical job and the difference between success and failure was thin….”

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“… I got the afternoon train to Calcutta and before long left for America to bring my son home for his summer holidays with me. In Singapore, the news suddenly said Rajiv Gandhi had been killed. All India wept. What killed him was not merely a singular act of criminal terrorism, but the system of humbug, incompetence and sycophancy that surrounds politics in India and elsewhere. I was numbed by rage and sorrow, and did not return to Delhi….”

In December 1991, I visited Rajiv’s widow at 10 Jan Path to express my condolences, the only time I have met her, and I gave her for her records a taped copy of Rajiv’s long-distance telephone conversations with me during the Gulf War earlier that year.   She seemed an extremely shy taciturn figure in deep mourning, and I do not think the little I said to her about her late husband’s relationship with me was comprehended.  Nor was it the time or place for more to be said.

In September 1993, at a special luncheon at the Indian Ambassador’s Residence in Washington, Siddhartha Shankar Ray, then the Ambassador to Washington, pointed at me and declared to Manmohan Singh, then Finance Minister, in presence of Manmohan’s key aides accompanying him including MS Ahluwalia, NK Singh, C Rangarajan and others,

“Congress manifesto was written on his computer”.

This was accurate enough to the extent that the 22 March 1991 draft as asked for by Rajiv and that came to explicitly affect policy had been and remains on my then-new NEC laptop.

At the Ambassador’s luncheon, I gave Manmohan Singh a copy of the Foundations book as a gift.  My father who knew him in the early 1970s through MG Kaul, ICS, had sent him a copy of my 1984 IEA monograph which Manmohan had acknowledged.  And back in 1973, he had visited our then-home at 14 Rue Eugene Manuel in Paris to advise me about economics at my father’s request, and he and I had ended up in a fierce private debate for about forty minutes over the demerits (as I saw them) and merits (as he saw them) of the Soviet influence on Indian economic policy-making.  But in 1993 we had both forgotten the 1973 meeting.  

In May 2002, the Congress passed an official party resolution moved by Digvijay Singh in presence of PV Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh that the 1991 reforms had originated with Rajiv Gandhi and not with either Narasimha Rao or Manmohan; no one dissented.  It was intended to flatter Sonia Gandhi as the Congress President,  but there was truth in it too which all Congress MPs of the 13th Lok Sabha had come to know in a publication of mine they had received from me at IIT Kharagpur where since 1996 I had become Professor.  

Manmohan Singh himself, to his credit, has not at any point, except once during his failed Lok Sabha bid, claimed the reforms as his own invention and has said always he had followed what his Prime Minister had told him. However, he has not been averse to being attributed with all the credit by his flatterers, by the media, by businessmen and many many others around the world, and certainly he did not respond to Ambassador Siddhartha Shankar Ray telling him and his key aides how the Congress-led reform had come about through my work except to tell me at the 1993 luncheon that when Arjun Singh criticised the reforms in Cabinet, he, Manmohan, would mention the manifesto. 

On 28 December 2009, Rajiv’s widow in an official Congress Party statement finally declared her late husband

left his personal imprint on the (Congress) party’s manifesto of 1991.″ 

How Sonia Gandhi, who has never had pretensions to knowledge of economics or political economy or political science or governance or history, came to place Manmohan Singh as her prime ministerial candidate and the font of economic and political wisdom along with Pranab Mukherjee, when both men hardly had been favourites of her late husband, would be a story in its own right.  And how Amartya Sen’s European-origin naturalised Indian co-author Jean Drèze later came to have policy influence from a different direction upon Sonia Gandhi, also a naturalised Indian of European origin, may be yet another story in its own right,  perhaps best told by themselves.

I would surmise the same elderly behind-the-scenes figure, now in his late 80s, had a hand in setting up both sets of influences — directly in the first case (from back in 1990-1991),  and indirectly in the second case (starting in 2004) .  This was a man who in a November 2007 newspaper article literally erased my name and inserted that of Manmohan Singh as part of the group that Rajiv created on 25 September following his 18 September meeting with me!   Reluctantly, I had to call this very elderly man a liar; he has not denied it and knows he has not been libeled.

One should never forget the two traditional powers interested in the subcontinent, Russia and Britain, have been never far from influence in Delhi.  In 1990-1991 what worried vested bureaucratic and business interests and foreign powers through their friends and agents was that they could see change was coming to India but they wanted to be able to control it themselves to their advantage, which they then broadly proceeded to do over the next two decades.  The foreign weapons’ contracts had to be preserved, as did other big-ticket imports that India ends up buying needlessly on credit it hardly has in world markets.  There are similarities to what happened in Russia and Eastern Europe where many apparatchiks and fellow-travellers became freedom-loving liberals overnight;  in the Indian case more than one badly compromised pro-USSR senior bureaucrat promptly exported his children and savings to America and wrapped themselves in the American flag.

The stubborn unalterable fact remains that Manmohan Singh was not physically present in India and was still with the Nyerere project on 18 September 1990 when I met Rajiv for the first time and gave him the unpublished results of the UH-Manoa project.  This simple straightforward fact is something the Congress Party, given its own myths and self-deception and disinformation, has not been able to cope with in its recently published history.   For myself, I have remained loyal to my memory of my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi, and my understanding of him.  The Rajiv Gandhi I knew had been enthused by me in 1990-1991 carrying the UH-Manoa perestroika-for-India project that I had led since 1986, and he had loved my advice to him on 18 September 1990 that he needed to modernise the party by preparing a coherent agenda (as other successful reformers had done) while still in Opposition waiting for elections, and to base that agenda on commitments to improving the judiciary and rule of law, stopping the debauching of money, and focusing on the provision of public goods instead.    Rajiv I am sure wanted a modern and modern-minded Congress — not one which depended on him let aside his family, but one which reduced that dependence and let him and his family alone.

As for Manmohan Singh being a liberal or liberalising economist, there is no evidence publicly available of that being so from his years before or during the Nyerere project, or after he returned and joined the Chandrashekhar PMO and the UGC  until becoming,  to his own surprise as he told Mark Tully,  PV Narasimha Rao’s Finance Minister.  Some of his actions qua Finance Minister were liberalising in nature but he did not originate any basic idea of a change in a liberal direction of economic policy, and he has, with utmost honesty honestly, not claimed otherwise.  Innumerable flatterers and other self-interested parties have made out differently, creating what they have found to be a politically useful fiction; he has yet to deny them.

Siddhartha Shankar Ray and I met last in July 2009, when I gave him a copy of this 2005 volume I had created, which pleased him much. 

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I said to him Bengal’s public finances were in abysmal condition, calling for emergency measures financially, and that Mamata Banerjee seemed to me to be someone who knew how to and would dislodge the Communists from their entrenched misgovernance of decades but she did not seem quite aware that dislodging a bad government politically was not the same thing as knowing how to govern properly oneself.  He,  again of his own accord, said immediately, 

“I will call her and her people to a meeting here so you can meet them and tell them that directly”. 

It never transpired.  In our last phone conversation I mentioned to him my plans of creating a Public Policy Institute — an idea he immediately and fully endorsed as being essential though adding “I can’t be part of it,  I’m on my way out”.

“I’m on my way out”.   That was Siddhartha Shankar Ray — always intelligent, always good-humoured, always public-spirited, always a great Indian, my only friend among politicians other than the late Rajiv Gandhi himself.

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In March February 2010, my father and I called upon the new Bengal Governor, MK Narayanan and gave him a copy of the Thatcher volume for the Raj Bhavan Library; I told him the story about my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi thanks to Siddhartha Shankar Ray and its result;  Narayanan within a few days made a visit to Ray’s hospital-bed, and when he emerged after several hours he made a statement, which in substance he repeated again when Ray died in November 2010:

“There are few people in post-Independence India who could equal his magnificent contribution to India’s growth and progress”.

To what facts did MK Narayanan, a former Intelligence Bureau chief, mean to refer with this extravagant praise of Ray?  Was Narayanan referring to Ray’s politics for Indira Gandhi?  To Ray’s Chief Ministership of Bengal?  To Ray’s Governorship of Punjab?  You will have to ask him but I doubt that was what he meant:  I surmise Narayanan’s eulogy could only have resulted after he confirmed with Ray on his hospital-bed the story I had told him, and that he was referring to the economic and political results that followed for the country once Ray had introduced me in September 1990 to Rajiv Gandhi. But I say again, you will have to ask MK Narayanan himself what he and Ray talked about in hospital and what was the factual basis of Narayanan’s precise words of praise. To what facts exactly was MK Narayanan, former intelligence chief, meaning to refer when he stated Siddhartha Shankar Ray had made a “magnificent contribution to India’s growth and progress”?

 

3.   Jagdish Bhagwati & Manmohan Singh?  That just don’t fly!

Now returning to the apparent desire of Professor Panagariya, the Jagdish Bhagwati Professor of Indian Political Economy at Columbia, to attribute to Jagdish Bhagwati momentous change for the better in India as of 1991, even if Panagariya had not the scientific curiosity to look into our 1992 book titled Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s or into Milton Friedman’s own 1998 memoirs, we may have expected him to at least turn to his co-author and Columbia colleague, Jagdish Bhagwati himself, and ask, “Master, have you heard of this fellow Subroto Roy by any chance?”

Jagdish would have had to say yes, since not only had he received a copy of the proofs of my 1984 IEA work Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India, he was kind enough to write in a letter dated 15 May 1984 that I had

“done an excellent job of setting out the problems afflicting our economic policies, unfortunately government-made problems!” 

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Also Jagdish may or may not have remembered our only meeting, when he and I had had a long conversation on the sofas in the foyer of the IMF in Washington when I was a consultant there in 1993 and he had come to meet someone; he was surprisingly knowledgeable about my personal 1990 matter in the Supreme Court of India which astonished me until he told me his brother the Supreme Court judge had mentioned the case to him!

Now my 1984 work was amply scientific and scholarly in fully crediting a large number of works in the necessary bibliography, including Bhagwati’s important work with his co-authors.  Specifically, Footnote 1 listed the literature saying:

“The early studies notably include: B. R. Shenoy, `A note of dissent’, Papers relating to the formulation of the Second Five-Year Plan, Government of India Planning Commission, Delhi, 1955; Indian Planning and Economic Development, Asia Publishing, Bombay, 1963, especially pp. 17-53; P. T. Bauer, Indian Economic Policy and Development, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1961; M. Friedman, unpublished memorandum to the Government of India, November 1955 (referred to in Bauer, op. cit., p. 59 ff.); and, some years later, Sudha Shenoy, India : Progress or Poverty?, Research Monograph 27, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1971. Some of the most relevant contemporary studies are: B. Balassa, `Reforming the system of incentives in World Development, 3 (1975), pp. 365-82; `Export incentives and export performance in developing countries: a comparative analysis’, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 114 (1978), pp. 24-61; The process of industrial development and alternative development strategies, Essays in International Finance No. 141, Princeton University, 1980; J. N. Bhagwati & P. Desai, India: Planning for Industrialisation, OECD, Paris : Oxford University Press, 1970; `Socialism and Indian Economic Policy’, World Development, 3 (1975), pp. 213-21; J. N. Bhagwati & T. N. Srinivasan, Foreign-trade Regimes and Economic Development: India, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1975; Anne O. Krueger, `Indian planning experience’, in T. Morgan et al. (eds.), Readings in Economic Development, Wadsworth, California, 1963, pp. 403-20; `The political economy of the rent-seeking society, American Economic Review, 64 (June 1974); The Benefits and Costs of Import-Substitution in India: a Microeconomic Study, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1975; Growth, distortions and patterns of trade among many countries, Studies in International Finance, Princeton University, 1977; Uma Lele, Food grain marketing in India : private performance and public policy, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1971; T. W. Schultz (ed.), Distortions in agricultural incentives, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1978; V. Sukhatme, “The utilization of high-yielding rice and wheat varieties in India: an economic assessment”, University of Chicago PhD thesis, 1977….”

There were two specific references to Bhagwati’s work with Srinivasan:

“Jagdish Bhagwati and T. N. Srinivasan put it as follows : `The allocation of foreign exchange among alternative claimants and users in a direct control system . . .would presumably be with reference to a well-defined set of principles and criteria based on a system of priorities. In point of fact, however, there seem to have been few such criteria, if any, followed in practice.’”

and

“But as Bhagwati and Srinivasan report, `. . . the sheer weight of numbers made any meaningful listing of priorities extremely difficult. The problem was Orwellian: all industries had priority and how was each sponsoring authority to argue that some industries had more priority than others? It is not surprising, therefore, that the agencies involved in determining allocations by industry fell back on vague notions of “fairness”, implying pro rata allocations with reference to capacity installed or employment, or shares defined by past import allocations or similar rules of thumb’”

and one to Bhagwati and Desai:

“The best descriptions of Indian industrial policy are still to be found in Bhagwati and Desai (1970)…”

Professors Bhagwati and Panagriya have not apparently referred to anything beyond these joint works of Bhagwati’s dated 1970 with Padma Desai and 1975 with TN Srinivasan.  They have not claimed Bhagwati did anything by way of either publication or political activity in relation to India’s economic policy between May 1984, when he read my soon-to-be-published-work and found I had

done an excellent job of setting out the problems afflicting our economic policies, unfortunately government-made problems”,

and September 1990 when I gave Rajiv the University of Hawaii perestroika-for-India project results developed since 1986, which came to politically spark the 1991 reform in the Congress’s highest echelons from months before Rajiv’s assassination.   

There may have been no such claim made by Bhagwati and Panagariya because there may be no such evidence.  Between 1984 and 1990,  Professor Bhagwati’s research interests were away from Indian economic policy while his work on India through 1970 and 1975 had been fully and reasonably accounted for as of 1984 by myself.

What is left remaining is Bhagwati’s statement :

“When finance minister Manmohan Singh was in New York in 1992, he had a lunch for many big CEOs whom he was trying to seduce to come to India. He also invited me and my wife, Padma Desai, to the lunch. As we came in, the FM introduced us to the invitees and said: ‘These friends of mine wrote almost a quarter century ago [India: Planning for Industrialisation was published in 1970 by Oxford] recommending all the reforms we are now undertaking. If we had accepted the advice then, we would not be having this lunch as you would already be in India’

Now this light self-deprecating reference by Manmohan at an investors’ lunch in New York “for many big CEOs” was an evident attempt at political humour written by his speech-writer.   It was clearly, on its face, not serious history.   If we test it as serious history, it falls flat so we may only hope Manmohan Singh, unlike Jagdish Bhagwati, has not himself come to believe his own reported joke as anything more than that.  

The Bhagwati-Desai volume being referred to was developed from 1966-1970.  India saw critical economic and political events  in 1969, in 1970, in 1971, in 1972, in 1975, in 1977, etc.

Those were precisely years during which Manmohan Singh himself moved from being an academic to becoming a Government of India official, working first for MG Kaul, ICS, and then in 1971 coming to the attention of  PN Haksar, Indira Gandhi’s most powerful bureaucrat between 1967 and 1974: Haksar himself was Manmohan Singh’s acknowledged mentor in the Government, as Manmohan told Mark Tully in an interview.  

After Manmohan visited our Paris home in 1973 to talk to me about economics, my father — who had been himself sent to the Paris Embassy by Haksar in preparation for Indira Gandhi’s visit in November 1971 before the Bangladesh war —

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had told me Manmohan was very highly regarded in government circles with economics degrees from both Cambridge and Oxford, and my father had added, to my surprise, what was probably a Haksarian governmental view that Manmohan was expected to be India’s Prime Minister some day.  That was 1973.

PN Haksar had been the archetypal Nehruvian Delhi intellectual of a certain era, being both a fierce nationalist and a fierce pro-USSR leftist from long before Independence.  I met him once on 23 March 1991, on the lawns of 10 Jan Path at the launch of General V Krishna Rao’s book on Indian defence which Rajiv was releasing, and Haksar gave a speech to introduce Rajiv (as if Rajiv needed introduction on the lawns of his own residence);  Haksar was in poor health but he seemed completely delighted to be back in favour with Rajiv,  after years of having been treated badly by Indira and her younger son.  

 Had Manmohan Singh in the early 1970s gone to Haksar — the architect of the nationalisation of India’s banking going on right then — and said “Sir, this OECD study by my friend Bhagwati and his wife says we should be liberalising foreign trade and domestic industry”, Haksar would have been astonished and sent him packing.  

There was a war on, plus a massive problem of 10 million refugees, a new country to support called Bangladesh, a railway strike, a bad crop, repressed inflation, shortages, and heaven knows what more, besides Nixon having backed Yahya Khan, Tikka Khan et al. 

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Then after Bangladesh and the railway strike etc, came the rise of the politically odious younger son of Indira Gandhi and his friends (at least one of whom is today Sonia Gandhi’s gatekeeper) followed by the internal political Emergency, the grave foreign-fueled problem of Sikh separatism and its control, the assassination of Indira Gandhi by her own Sikh bodyguards, and the Rajiv Gandhi years as Prime Minister. 

Certainly it was Rajiv’s arrival in office and Benazir’s initial return to Pakistan, along with the rise of Michael Gorbachev in the changing USSR, that inspired me in far away Hawaii in 1986 to design with Ted James the perestroika-projects for India and Pakistan which led to our two volumes, and which, thanks to Siddhartha Shankar Ray, came to reach Rajiv Gandhi in Opposition in September 1990 as he sat somewhat forlornly at 10 Jan Path after losing office. “There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which taken at the flood, leads on to fortune….

My friend and collaborator Ted James died of cancer in Manila in May 2010; earlier that year he came to say publicly

“Seldom are significant reforms imposed successfully by international bureaucracies. Most often they are the result of indigenous actors motivated by domestic imperatives. I believe this was the case in India in 1991. It may have been fortuitous that Dr. Roy gained an audience with a receptive Rajiv Gandhi in 1990 but it was not luck that he was prepared with a well-thought out program; this arose from years of careful thought and debate on the matter.”

Changing the direction of a ship of state is very hard, knowing in which direction it should change and to what degree is even harder; it has rarely been something that can be done without random shocks arising let aside the power of vested interests. Had Rajiv Gandhi lived to form a new Government, I have little doubt I would have led the reform that I had chalked out for him and that he had approved of;  Sonia Gandhi would have remained the housewife, mother and grandmother that she had preferred to be and not been made into the Queen of India by the Congress Party; Manmohan Singh had left India in 1987 for the Nyerere project and it had been rumoured at the time that had been slightly to do with him protesting, to the extent that he ever has protested anything, the anti-Sikh pogrom that some of Rajiv’s friends had apparently unleashed after Indira’s killing; he returned in November 1990, joined Chandrashekhar in December 1990, left Chandrashekhar in March 1991 when elections were announced and was biding his time as head of the UGC; had Rajiv Gandhi lived, Manmohan Singh would have had a governor’s career path, becoming the governor of one state after another; he would not have been brought into the economic reform process which he had had nothing to do with originating; and finally Pranab Mukherjee, who left the Congress Party and formed his own when Rajiv took over, would have been likely rehabilitated slowly but would not have come to control the working of the party as he did. I said in my Lok Sabha TV interview on 5 9 December 2012 that there have been many microeconomic improvements arising from technological progress in the last 22 years but the macroeconomic and monetary situation is grim, because at root the fiscal situation remains incoherent and confused. I do not see anyone in Manmohan Singh’s entourage among all his many acolytes and flatterers and apologists who is able to get to these root problems.  We shall address these issues in Part II.

What Manmohan Singh said in self-deprecating humour at an investors’ lunch in New York in 1992 is hardly serious history as Jagdish Bhagwati has seemed to wish it to be.  Besides, it would have been unlike Manmohan,  being the devoted student of Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor as he told Mark Tully,  to have taken such a liberalising initiative at all.  Furthermore, the 1969 American Economic Review published asurvey of Indian economic policy authored by his Delhi University colleagues Jagdish Bhagwati and Sukhamoy Chakravarty which made little mention of his work, and it would have been unreasonable to expect him to have been won over greatly by theirs. Perhaps there is a generous review from the 1970s by Manmohan Singh of the Bhagwati-Desai volume hidden somewhere but if so we should be told where it is.  A list of Manmohan Singh’s publications as an economist do not seem easily available anywhere.  

Lastly and perhaps most decisively, the 1970 Bhagwati-Desai volume, excellent study that it was, was hardly the first of its genre by way of liberal criticism of modern Indian economic policy!   Bhagwati declared in his 2010 speech to the Lok Sabha

“This policy framework had been questioned, and its total overhaul advocated, by me and Padma Desai in writings through the late 1960s…”

But why has Bhagwati been forever silent about the equally if not more forceful and fundamental criticism of “the policy framework”, and advocacy of its “total overhaul”, by scholars in the 1950s, a decade and more earlier than him, when he and Manmohan and Amartya were still students?  Specifically, by BR Shenoy, Milton Friedman, and Peter Bauer?   The relevant bibliography from the mid 1950s is given in Footnote 1 of my 1984 work. 

 

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Peter Tamas Bauer (1915-2002) played a vital role in all this as had he himself not brought the Friedman 1955 document to my attention I would not have known of it.

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As undergraduates at the LSE, we had been petrified of him and I never spoke to him while there, having believed the propaganda that floated around about him; then while a Research Student at Cambridge, I happened to be a speaker with him at a conference at Oxford; he made me sit next to him at a meal and told me for the first time about Milton Friedman’s 1955 memorandum to the Government of India which had been suppressed.  I am privileged to say Peter from then on became a friend, and wrote, at my request, what became I am sure the kiss of death for me at the World Bank of 1982:

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Later he may have been responsible for the London Times writing its lead editorial of 29 May 1984 on my work.

Now Milton had sent me in 1984, besides the original of his November 1955 memorandum to the Government of India, a confidential 1956 document also which seemed to have been written for US Government consumption.  I did not publish this in Hawaii in 1989 as I was having difficulty enough publishing the 1955 memorandum.  I gave it to be published on the Internet some years ago, and after Milton’s passing, I had it published in The Statesman  on the same day as my obituary of him. 

It makes fascinating reading, especially about Mahalanobis and Shenoy, of how what Bhagwati wishes to call “the policy framework” that, he claims, he and Desai called for a “total overhaul” of, came to be what it was in the decade earlier when he and Amartya and Manmohan were still students. 

Friedman’s 1956 document said

“I met PC Mahalanobis in 1946 and again at a meeting of the International Statistical Institute in September 1947, and I know him well by reputation. He was absent during most of my stay in New Delhi, but I met him at a meeting of the Indian Planning Commission, of which he is one of the strongest and most able members.   Mahalanobis began as a mathematician and is a very able one. Able mathematicians are usually recognized for their ability at a relatively early age. Realizing their own ability as they do and working in a field of absolutes, tends, in my opinion, to make them dangerous when they apply themselves to economic planning. They produce specific and detailed plans in which they have confidence, without perhaps realizing that economic planning is not the absolute science that mathematics is. This general characteristic of mathematicians is true of Mahalanobis but in spite of the tendency he is willing to discuss a problem and listen to a different point of view. Once his decision is reached, however, he has great confidence in it. Mahalanobis was unquestionably extremely influential in drafting the Indian five-year plan. There were four key steps in the plan. The first was the so-called “Plan Frame” drafted by Mahalanobis himself. The second was a tentative plan based on the “Plan Frame”. The third step was a report by a committee of economists on the first two steps, and the fourth was a minority report by BR Shenoy on the economists’ report. The economists had no intention of drafting a definitive proposal but merely meant to comment on certain aspects of the first two steps. Shenoy’s minority report, however, had the effect of making the economists’ report official. The scheme of the Five Year Plan attributed to Mahalanobis faces two problems; one, that India needs heavy industry for economic development; and two, that development of heavy industry uses up large amounts of capital while providing only small employment.  Based on these facts, Mahalanobis proposed to concentrate on heavy industry development on the one hand and to subsidize the hand production cottage industries on the other. The latter course would discriminate against the smaller manufacturers. In my opinion, the plan wastes both capital and labour and the Indians get only the worst of both efforts. If left to their own devices under a free enterprise system I believe the Indians would gravitate naturally towards the production of such items as bicycles, sewing machines, and radios. This trend is already apparent without any subsidy. The Indian cottage industry is already cloaked in the same popular sort of mist as is rural life in the US. There is an idea in both places that this life is typical and the backbone of their respective countries. Politically, the Indian cottage industry problem is akin to the American farm problem. Mohandas Gandhi was a proponent of strengthening the cottage industry as a weapon against the British. This reason is now gone but the emotions engendered by Gandhi remain. Any move to strengthen the cottage industry has great political appeal and thus, Mahalanobis’ plan and its pseudo-scientific support for the industry also has great political appeal.  I found many supporters for the heavy industry phase of the Plan but almost no one (among the technical Civil Servants) who really believes in the cottage industry aspects, aside from their political appeal. In its initial form, the plan was very large and ambitious with optimistic estimates. My impression is that there is a substantial trend away from this approach, however, and an attempt to cut down. The development of heavy industry has slowed except for steel and iron. I believe that the proposed development of a synthetic petroleum plant has been dropped and probably wisely so. In addition, I believe that the proposed five year plan may be extended to six years. Other than his work on the plan, I am uncertain of Mahalanobis’ influence. The gossip is that he has Nehru’s ear and potentially he could be very influential, simply because of his intellectual ability and powers of persuasion. The question that occurs to me is how much difference Mahalanobis’ plan makes. The plan does not seem the important thing to me. I believe that the new drive and enthusiasm of the Indian nation will surmount any plan, good or bad. Then too, I feel a wide diversity in what is said and what is done. I believe that much of Nehru’s socialistic talk is simply that, just talk. Nehru has been trying to undermine the Socialist Party by this means and apparently the Congress Party’s adoption of a socialistic idea for industry has been successful in this respect.  One gets the impression, depending on whom one talks with, either that the Government runs business, or that two or three large businesses run the government. All that appears publicly indicates that the first is true, but a case can also be made for the latter interpretation. Favour and harassment are counterparts in the Indian economic scheme. There is no significant impairment of the willingness of Indian capitalists to invest in their industries, except in the specific industries where nationalization has been announced, but they are not always willing to invest and take the risks inherent in the free enterprise system. They want the Government to support their investment and when it refuses they back out and cry “Socialism”..”

I look forward to seeing a fundamental classical liberal critique from India’s distinguished American friends at Columbia University, Professors Jagdish Bhagwati and Padma Desai and Arvind Panagariya, if and when such a critique arises,  of the  “policy framework” in India as that evolved from the mid 1950s to become what exists across India in 2013 today.  Specifically:  Where is the criticism from Bhagwati of Mahalanobis and friends?  And where is Bhagwati’s defence of Shenoy, leave aside of Milton Friedman or Peter Bauer?   They seem not to exist. The most we get is a footnote again without the civility of any references, in the otherwise cogent 1975 Desai-Bhagwati paper “Socialism and Indian Economic Policy” alleging 

” Of these three types of impact of the Soviet example, the Plan-formulation approach was to be enthusiastically received by most commentators and, indeed, to lead to demands on the part of aid agencies for similar efforts by other developing countries. However, the shift to heavy industry was seen as a definite mistake by economic opinion of the Chicago school variety, reflecting their basic unfamiliarity with the structural models of growth and development planning of the Feldman-Mahalanobis variety-an ignorance which probably still persists. The detailed regulation was not quite noticed at the time, except by conservative commentators whose position however was extreme and precluded governmental planning of industrial investments on any scale.”

Desai and Bhagwati naturally found no apparent desire to locate any possible scientific truth or reasonableness among

“conservative commentators”

nor among the unnamed and undescribed

“economic opinion of the Chicago school variety”.   

Could Desai and Bhagwati have done anything different after all, even when talking about India to an American audience, without being at risk of losing their East Coast Limousine Liberal credentials?  Bhagwati used to routinely declare his “socialist” credentials, and even the other day on Indian TV emphatically declared he was not a “conservative” and scornfully dismissed “Thatcher and Reagan” for their “trickle down economics”…

Jagdish Bhagwati has evidently wanted to have his cake and eat it too…

 

 

4.    Amartya Sen’s Half-Baked Communism: “To each according to his need”? 

If I have been candid or harsh in my assessments of Jagdish Bhagwati and Manmohan Singh as they relate to my personal experience with the change of direction in Indian economic policy originating in 1990-1991, I am afraid I must be equally so with Bhagwati’s current opponent in debate, Amartya Sen. Certainly I have found the current spat between Bhagwati and Sen over India’s political economy to be dismal, unscholarly, unscientific and misleading (or off-base) except for it having allowed a burst of domestic policy-discussion in circumstances when India needs it especially much.  

None of this criticism is personal but based on objective experience and the record.  My criticism of Professor Bhagwati and Dr Manmohan Singh does not diminish in the slightest my high personal regard for both of them.

 

Similarly, Amartya Sen and I go back, momentarily, to Hindustan Park in 1964 when there was a faint connection as family friends from World War II  (as Naren Deb and Manindranath Roy were friends and neighbours, and we still have the signed copy of a book gifted by the former to the latter), and then he later knew me cursorily when I was an undergraduate at LSE and he was already a famous professor, and I greatly enjoyed his excellent lectures at the LSE on his fine book On Economic Inequality, and a few years later he wrote in tangential support of me at Cambridge for which he was thanked in the preface to my 1989 Philosophy of Economics — even though that book of mine also contained in its Chapter 10 the decisive criticism of his main contribution until that time to what used to be called “social choice theory”. Amartya Sen had also written some splendid handwritten letters, a few pages of which remain with me, which puzzled me at the time due to his expressing his aversion to what is normally called ‘price theory’, namely the Marshallian and/or Walrasian theory of value. 

Professor Sen and I met briefly in 1978, and then again in 2006 when I was asked to talk to him in our philosophical conversation which came to be published nicely.  In 2006 I told him of my experience with Rajiv Gandhi in initiating what became the 1991 reform on the basis of my giving Rajiv the results of the Hawaii project,  and Amartya was kind enough to say that he knew I had been arguing all this “very early on”, referring presumably to the 1984 London Times editorial which he would have seen in his Oxford days before coming to Harvard.

This personal regard on my part or personal affection on his part aside, I have been appalled to find Professor Sen not taking moral and intellectual responsibility for and instead disclaiming paternity of the whole so-called “Food Security” policy which Sonia Gandhi has been prevailed upon over the years by him and his acolytes and friends and admirers to adopt, and she in her ignorance of all political economy and governance has now wished to impose upon the Congress Party and India as a whole:

“Questioner: You are being called the creator of the Food Security Bill.

Amartya Sen: Yes, I don’t know why. That is indeed a paternity suit I’m currently fighting. People are accusing me of being the father”.

Amartya Sen has repeatedly over the years gone on Indian prime-time television and declared things like

If you don’t agree there’s hunger in the world, there’s something morally wrong with you”

besides over the decades publishing titles like Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, Hunger and Public Action, The Political Economy of Hunger etc and ceaselessly using his immense power with the media, with book publishing houses, with US academic departments and the world development economics business,  to promote his own and his acolytes’ opinions around the world, no matter how ill-considered or incoherent these may be.   A passage from his latest book with Jean Drèze reportedly reads

“If development is about the expansion of freedom, it has to embrace the removal of poverty as well as paying attention to ecology as integral parts of a unified concern, aimed ultimately at the security and advancement of human freedom. Indeed, important components of human freedoms — and crucial ingredients of our quality of life — are thoroughly dependent on the integrity of the environment, involving the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the epidemiological surroundings in which we live….”

Had such a passage reached me in an undergraduate essay, I would have considered it incoherent waffle, and I am afraid I cannot see why merely because it is authored  by an eminence at Harvard and his co-author, the evaluation should be any different.   I am reminded of my encounter in 1976 with Joan Robinson, the great tutor in 1950s Cambridge of Amartya and Manmohan:  “Joan Robinson cornered me once and took me into the office she shared with EAG… She came at me for an hour or so wishing to supervise me, I kept declining politely… saying I was with Frank Hahn and wished to work on money… “What does Frankie know about India?” she said… I said I did not know but he did know about monetary theory and that was what I needed for India;  I also said I did not think much about the Indian Marxists she had supervised… and mentioned a prominent name… she said about him, “Yes most of what he does can go straight into the dustbin”…”  The Indian Marxist whom I had referred to in this conversation with Joan was not Amartya but someone else much younger, yet her candid “can go straight into the dustbin” still applies to all incoherent waffle, whomsoever may produce it.

Indeed, Amartya Sen, if anyone, really should get down to writing his memoirs, and candidly so in order to explain his own thinking and deeds over the decades to himself and to the world in order that needless confusions do not arise.  

Else it becomes impossible to explain how someone who was said to be proud to have been a Communist student on the run from the police in West Bengal, who was Joan Robinson’s star pupil at a time she was extolling Maoist China and who has seemingly nurtured a deep lifelong fascination and affection for Communist China despite all its misdeeds, who was feted by the Communist regime of West Bengal after winning the Bank of Sweden Prize (on the same day that same regime had tossed into jail one unfortunate young Mr Khemkha merely for having been rude to its leaders on the Internet), and who seemed to share some of those winnings on social causes like primary education at the behest of the Communist regime’s ministers, etc, how someone with that noble comradely leftist personal history as an economist allows a flattering interviewer with a Harvard connection to describe him in Business Standard of 25 July 2013  as having been all along really a

“neoclassical economist”

who also happens to be

“the greatest living scholar of the original philosopher of the free market, Adam Smith”

Amartya Sen a neoclassical economist and a great scholar of Adam Smith?  It is hilarious to suppose so. The question arises, Does Sen, having published about Adam Smith recently in a few newspapers and leftist periodicals, agree with such a description by his flattering admirer from Harvard at Business Standard?  “Neoclassical” economics originated with men like Jevons, Menger, Walras, Pareto, Marshall, Wicksell, and was marked by the theory of value being explained by a demand-side too, and not, like classical economics, merely by the cost of production alone on the supply side.  Indeed a striking thing about the list below published by the Scandinavian Journal of Economics of Amartya’s books following his 1998 Bank of Sweden Prize

1467-9442.00152_p1is how consistently these works display his avoidance of all neoclassical economics, and the absence of all of what is normally called ‘price theory’, namely the Marshallian and/or Walrasian theory of value.   No “neoclassical economics” anywhere here  for sure!  

It would be fair enough if Professor Sen says he is hardly responsible for an admirer’s ignorant misdescription of his work — except the question still arises why he has himself also evidently misdescribed his own work!  For example, in his 13 July 2013 letter to The Economist in response to the criticism of Jagdish Bhagwati and Arvind Panagariya, he says he had always been keenly interested in

“the importance of economic growth as a means— not an end”

and that this

“has been one of the themes even in my earliest writings (including “Choice of Techniques” in 1960 and “Growth Economics” in 1970)”.

This is a very peculiar opinion indeed to have been expressed by Professor Sen about his own work because the 1970 volume Growth Economics listed above among his books hardly can be said at all to be one of his own “earliest writings” as he now describes it to have been!

What had happened back then was that Sen, as someone considered a brilliant or promising young Indian economist at the time, had been asked by the editors of the famous Penguin Modern Economics Readings series to edit the specific issue  devoted to growth-theory — a compendium of classic already-published essays including those of Roy Harrod, Evsey Domar, Robert Solow and many others, to which young Amartya was given a chance to write an editorial Introduction.   Every economist familiar with that literature knows too that the growth-theory contained in that volume and others was considered highly abstract and notoriously divorced from actual historical processes of economic growth in different countries.  Everyone also knew that the individual editors in that famous Penguin Modern Economics Series were of relative unimportance as they did not commission new papers but merely collected classics already published and wrote an introduction.

This is significant presently because neither Professor Sen nor Professor Bhagwati may be objectively considered on the evidence of his life’s work as an economist to have been a major scholar of economic growth, either in theory or in historical practice.  As of December 1989,  Amartya Sen himself described his own interests to the American Economic Association as

“social choice theory, welfare economics, economic development”

and Jagdish Bhagwati described his interests as

“theory of international trade and policy, economic development”. 

Neither Sen nor Bhagwati mentioned growth economics or economic history or even general economic theory, microeconomics, macroeconomics, monetary economics, public finance, etc.  Furthermore, Sen saying in his letter to The Economist  that he has been always interested in economic growth seems to be baseless in light of the list of his books above, other than the Penguin compendium already discussed.

Incidentally in the same American Economic Association volume of 1989, Padma Desai had described her interests as

“Soviet economy and comparative economic systems”; 

Arvind Panagariya had described his interests as

“economies of scale and trade; smuggling; parallel markets in planned economies”;

and one Suby Roy described his interests as

“foundations of monetary economics”.

Reflecting on Amartya Sen’s works over the 40 year period that I have known them

[and again, my personal copies of his books and those of Bhagwati and Desai, were all in my professorial office at IIT Kharagpur when I was attacked by a corrupt gang there in 2003; and IIT have been under a High Court order to return them but have not done so],

I wonder in fact if it might be fairly said that Sen has been on his own subjective journey over the decades around the world seeking to reinvent economics and political economy from scratch, and inventing his own terminology like “capabilities”, “functionings” and yes “entitlements” etc. to help him do so, while trying to assiduously avoid mention of canonical works of  modern world economics like Marshall’s Principles, Hicks’s Value and Capital, Debreu’s Theory of Value, or Arrow and Hahn’s General Competitive Analysis, all defining the central neoclassical tradition of the modern theory of value.  

But no contemporary science, economics and political economy included, is open to be re-invented from scratch, and what Amartya Sen has ended up doing instead is seeming to be continually trying to reinvent the wheel, possibly without having had the self-knowledge to realise this.  Wittgenstein once made a paradoxical statement that one may know another’s mind better than one knows one’s own…  

Here is a current example.  Professor Sen says

“First, unlike the process of development in Japan, China, Korea and other countries, which pursued what Jean Drèze and I have called “Asian economic development” in our book, India has not had enough focus on public spending on school education and basic healthcare, which these other countries have had….”

Does Sen really believes believe he and Drèze  have now in 2013 discovered and christened an economic phenomenon named “Asian economic development”?  Everyone, from Japan and Bangkok and Manila, to Hawaii and Stanford to the World Bank’s East Asia department, including  especially my Hawaii colleague Ted James, and many many others including especially Gerald M Meier at Stanford, were was publishing about all that every month — in the mid 1980s!  In fact, our project on India and Pakistan arose in the 1980s from precisely such a Hawaiian wave!  Everyone knows all that from back then or even earlier when the Japanese were talking about the “flying geese” model.  (And, incidentally,  Communist China did not at the time belong in the list.)  Where was Amartya Sen in the mid 1980s when all that was happening?  Jean Drèze was still a student perhaps. Is Professor Sen seeking to reinvent the wheel again with “Asian Economic Development” being claimed to be invented in 2013 by him and Drèze now? Oh please!  That just won’t fly either!

A second example may be taken from the year before Professor Sen was awarded the Bank of Sweden Prize when he gave a lecture on “human capital” theory which was published as a survey titled “Human Capital and Human Capability” in World Development 1997 Vol. 25, No. 12, 

Can you see any reference in this 1997 survey to TW Schultz’s 1960 American Economic Association Presidential Address or to Schultz’s classic 1964 book Transforming Traditional Agriculture or to his 1979 Bank of Sweden Prize address?  I could not.   If one did not know better, one might have thought from Professor Sen’s 1997 survey that there was nothing done worth talking about on the subject of “human capital” from the time of Adam Smith and David Hume until Amartya Sen finally came to the subject himself. 

Thirdly,  one is told by Sen’s admirer and collaborator, Professor James Foster of George Washington University, that what  Sen means by his notion of

“effective freedom”

is that this is something

“enhanced when a marginally nourished family now has the capability to be sufficiently nourished due to public action”…

Are Amartya and his acolytes claiming he has invented or reinvented welfare economics ab initio?   That before Amartya Sen, we did not know the importance of the able-bodied members of a community assisting those who are not able-bodied? 

Where have they been? Amartya needed merely to have read Marshall’s Principles evenslightly to find Marshall himself, the master of Maynard Keynes and all of Cambridge and modern world economics, declaring without any equivocation at the very start 

“….the study of the causes of poverty is the study of the causes of the degradation of a large part of mankind…”

But Marshall was interested in study, serious study, of poverty and its causes and amelioration, which is not something as easy or trivial as pontification on modern television.  My 1984 article “Considerations on Utility, Benevolence and Taxation” which also became a chapter of my 1989 Philosophy of Economics surveyed some of Marshall’s opinion.

“From each according to his ability, to each according to his need” was a utopian slogan around 1875 from Karl Marx, which generations of passionate undergraduates have found impressive. Amartya Sen deserves to tell us squarely about his engagement with Marx or Marxist thought from his earliest days until now.  His commitment in recent decades to democracy and the open and free society is clear;  but has he also at the same time all along been committed to a kind of half-baked communist utopia as represented by Marx’s 1875 slogan? 

“To each according to his need” sounds to be the underlying premise that is seeing practical manifestation in the Sonia Congress’s imposition of a so-called “right to food”; “from each according to his ability” is its flip side in the so-called “rural employment guarantee”.  Leave aside the limitless resource-allocation and incentive and public finance problems created by such naive ideas being made into government policy, there is a grave and fundamental issue that Amartya and other leftists have been too blinkered to see:

Do they suppose the organised business classes have been weakly cooperative and will just allow such massive redistribution to occur without getting the Indian political system to pay them off as well?   And how do the organised business classes get paid off?  By their getting to take the land of the inhabitants of rural India.   And land in an environment of a debauching of money and other paper assets is as good as gold.

So the peasants will lose their land to the government’s businessman friends on the one hand while purportedly getting “guaranteed” employment and food from the government’s bureaucrats on the other!  A landless, asset-less slave population, free to join the industrial proletariat! Is that what Amartya wants to see in India?  It may become what results within a few decades from his and his acolytes’ words and deeds. 

Rajiv Gandhi once gave me his private phone numbers at 10 Jan Path.  I used them back in January 1991 during the Gulf war.  But I cannot do so now as Rajiv is gone.  Amartya can.  Let him phone Sonia and prevail upon her to put the brakes on the wild food and employment schemes he and his friends have persuaded her about until he reads and reflects upon what I said in January 2007 in “On Land-Grabbing” and in my July 2007 open letter to him, reproduced below:

“At a business meet on 12 January 2005, Dr Manmohan Singh showered fulsome praise on Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee as “dynamic”, “the Nation’s Best Chief Minister”, whose “wit and wisdom”, “qualities of head and heart”, “courage of conviction and passionate commitment to the cause of the working people of India” he admired, saying “with Buddhadeb Babu at the helm of affairs it appears Bengal is once again forging ahead… If today there is a meeting of minds between Delhi and Kolkata, it is because the ideas that I and Buddhadebji represent have captured the minds of the people of India. This is the idea of growth with equity and social justice, the idea that economic liberalization and modernization have to be mindful of the needs of the poor and the marginalized.”…. Dr Singh returned to the “needs of the poor and the marginalized” at another business meet on 8 January 2007 promising to “unveil a new Rehabilitation Policy in three months to increase the pace of industrialisation” which would be “more progressive, humane and conducive to the long-term welfare of all stakeholders”, while his businessman host pointedly stated about Singur “land for industry must be made available to move the Indian manufacturing sector ahead”. The “meeting of minds between Delhi and Kolkata” seems to be that agriculture allegedly has become a relatively backward slow-growing sector deserving to yield in the purported larger national interest to industry and services: what the PM means by “long-term welfare of all stakeholders” is the same as the new CPI-M party-line that the sons of farmers should not remain farmers (but become automobile technicians or IT workers or restaurant waiters instead).   It is a political viewpoint coinciding with interests of organised capital and industrial labour in India today, as represented by business lobbies like CII, FICCI and Assocham on one hand, and unions like CITU and INTUC on the other. Business Standard succinctly (and ominously) advocated this point of view in its lead editorial of 9 January as follows: “it has to be recognised that the world over capitalism has progressed only with the landed becoming landless and getting absorbed in the industrial/service sector labour force ~ indeed it is obvious that if people don’t get off the land, their incomes will rise only slowly”.  Land is the first and ultimate means of production, and the attack of the powerful on land-holdings or land-rights of the unorganised or powerless has been a worldwide phenomenon ~ across both capitalism and communism.  In the mid-19th Century, white North America decimated hundreds of thousands of natives in the most gargantuan land-grab of history. Defeated, Chief Red Cloud of the Sioux spoke in 1868 for the Apache, Navajo, Comanche, Cheyenne, Iroquois and hundreds of other tribes: “They made us many promises, more than I can remember, but they never kept any except one: they promised to take our land, and they took it.”  Half a century later, while the collapse of grain prices contributed to the Great Depression and pauperisation of thousands of small farmers in capitalist America in the same lands that had been taken from the native tribes, Stalin’s Russia embarked on the most infamous state-sponsored land-grab in modern history: “The mass collectivisation of Soviet agriculture (was) probably the most warlike operation ever conducted by a state against its own citizens…. Hundreds of thousands and finally millions of peasants… were deported… desperate revolts in the villages were bloodily suppressed by the army and police, and the country sank into chaos, starvation and misery… The object of destroying the peasants’ independence…was to create a population of slaves, the benefit of whose labour would accrue to industry. The immediate effect was to reduce Soviet agriculture to a state of decline from which it has not yet recovered… The destruction of the Soviet peasantry, who formed three quarters of the population, was not only an economic but a moral disaster for the entire country. Tens of millions were driven into semi-servitude, and millions more were employed as executants…” (Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism).   Why did Stalin destroy the peasants? Lenin’s wishful “alliance between the proletariat and the peasantry” in reality could lead only to the peasants being pauperised into proletarians. At least five million peasants died and (Stalin told Churchill at Yalta) another ten million in the resultant famine of 1932-1933. “Certainly it involved a struggle ~ but chiefly one between urban Communists and villagers… it enabled the regime to obtain much of the capital desired for industrialization from the defeated village… it was the decisive step in the building of Soviet totalitarianism, for it imposed on the majority of the people a subjection which only force could maintain” (Treadgold, 20th Century Russia).  Mr Bhattacharjee’s CPI-M is fond of extolling Chinese communism, and the current New Delhi establishment have made Beijing and Shanghai holiday destinations of choice. Dr Singh’s Government has been eager to create hundreds of “Special Economic Zones” run by organised capital and unionised labour, and economically privileged by the State. In fact, the Singur and Nandigram experiences of police sealing off villages where protests occur are modelled on creation of “Special Economic Zones” in China in recent years.  For example, Chinese police on 6 December 2005 cracked down on farmers and fishermen in the seaside village of Dongzhou, 125 miles North East of Hong Kong. Thousands of Dongzhou villagers clashed with troops and armed police protesting confiscation of their lands and corruption among officials. The police immediately sealed off the village and arrested protesters. China’s Public Security Ministry admitted the number of riots over land had risen sharply, reaching more than seventy thousand across China in 2004; police usually suppressed peasant riots without resort to firing but in Dongzhou, police firing killed 20 protesters. Such is the reality of the “emergence” of China, a totalitarian police-state since the Communist takeover in 1949, from its period of mad tyranny until Mao’s death in 1976, followed by its ideological confusion ever since.  Modern India’s political economy today remains in the tight grip of metropolitan “Big Business” and “Big Labour”. Ordinary anonymous individual citizens ~ whether housewife, consumer, student, peasant, non-union worker or small businessman ~ have no real voice or representation in Indian politics. We have no normal conservative, liberal or social democratic party in this country, as found in West European democracies where the era of land-grabbing has long-ceased. If our polity had been normal, it would have known that economic development does not require business or government to pauperise the peasantry but instead to define and secure individual property rights and the Rule of Law, and establish proper conditions for the market economy. The Congress and BJP in Delhi and CPI-M in Kolkata would not have been able to distract attention from their macroeconomic misdeeds over the decades ~ indicated, for example, by increasing interest-expenditure paid annually on Government debt as a fraction of tax revenues… This macroeconomic rot originated with the Indira Gandhi-PN Haksar capriciousness and mismanagement, which coincided with the start of Dr Singh’s career as India’s best known economic bureaucrat….”

“Professor Amartya Sen, Harvard University,  Dear Professor Sen,  Everyone will be delighted that someone of your worldwide stature has joined the debate on Singur and Nandigram; The Telegraph deserves congratulations for having made it possible on July 23.  I was sorry to find though that you may have missed the wood for the trees and also some of the trees themselves. Perhaps you have relied on Government statements for the facts. But the Government party in West Bengal represents official Indian communism and has been in power for 30 years at a stretch. It may be unwise to take at face-value what they say about their own deeds on this very grave issue! Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely, and there are many candid communists who privately recognise this dismal truth about themselves. To say this is not to be praising those whom you call the “Opposition” ~ after all, Bengal’s politics has seen emasculation of the Congress as an opposition because the Congress and communists are allies in Delhi. It is the Government party that must reform itself from within sua sponte for the good of everyone in the State.  The comparisons and mentions of history you have made seem to me surprising. Bengal’s economy now or in the past has little or nothing similar to the economy of Northern England or the whole of England or Britain itself, and certainly Indian agriculture has little to do with agriculture in the new lands of Australia or North America. British economic history was marked by rapid technological innovations in manufacturing and rapid development of social and political institutions in context of being a major naval, maritime and mercantile power for centuries. Britain’s geography and history hardly ever permitted it to be an agricultural country of any importance whereas Bengal, to the contrary, has been among the most agriculturally fertile and hence densely populated regions of the world for millennia.  Om Prakash’s brilliant pioneering book The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal 1630-1720 (Princeton 1985) records all this clearly. He reports the French traveller François Bernier saying in the 1660s “Bengal abounds with every necessary of life”, and a century before him the Italian traveller Verthema saying Bengal “abounds more in grain, flesh of every kind, in great quantity of sugar, also of ginger, and of great abundance of cotton, than any country in the world”. Om Prakash says “The premier industry in the region was the textile industry comprising manufacture from cotton, silk and mixed yarns”. Bengal’s major exports were foodstuffs, textiles, raw silk, opium, sugar and saltpetre; imports notably included metals (as Montesquieu had said would always be the case).  Bengal did, as you say, have industries at the time the Europeans came but you have failed to mention these were mostly “agro-based” and, if anything, a clear indicator of our agricultural fecundity and comparative advantage. If “deindustrialization” occurred in 19th Century India, that had nothing to do with the “deindustrialization” in West Bengal from the 1960s onwards due to the influence of official communism.  You remind us Fa Hiaen left from Tamralipta which is modern day Tamluk, though he went not to China but to Ceylon. You suggest that because he did so Tamluk effectively “was greater Calcutta”. I cannot see how this can be said of the 5th Century AD when no notion of Calcutta existed. Besides, modern Tamluk at 22º18’N, 87º56’E is more than 50 miles inland from the ancient port due to land-making that has occurred at the mouth of the Hooghly. I am afraid the relevance of the mention of Fa Hiaen to today’s Singur and Nandigram has thus escaped me.  You say “In countries like Australia, the US or Canada where agriculture has prospered, only a very tiny population is involved in agriculture. Most people move out to industry. Industry has to be convenient, has to be absorbing”. Last January, a national daily published a similar view: “For India to become a developed country, the area under agriculture has to shrink, urban and industrial land development has to take place, and about 100 million workers have to move out from agriculture into industry and services. This is the only way forward for bringing prosperity to the rural population”.   Rice is indeed grown in Arkansas or Texas as it is in Bengal but there is a world of difference between the technological and geographical situation here and that in the vast, sparsely populated New World areas with mechanized farming! Like shoe-making or a hundred other crafts, agriculture can be capital-intensive or labour-intensive ~ ours is relatively labour-intensive, theirs is relatively capital-intensive. Our economy is relatively labour-abundant and capital-scarce; their economies are relatively labour-scarce and capital-abundant (and also land-abundant). Indeed, if anything, the apt comparison is with China, and you doubtless know of the horror stories and civil war conditions erupting across China in recent years as the Communist Party and their businessman friends forcibly take over the land of peasants and agricultural workers, e.g. in Dongzhou. All plans of long-distance social engineering to “move out” 40 per cent of India’s population (at 4 persons per “worker”) from the rural hinterlands must also face FA Hayek’s fundamental question in The Road to Serfdom: “Who plans whom, who directs whom, who assigns to other people their station in life, and who is to have his due allotted by others?”  Your late Harvard colleague, Robert Nozick, opened his brilliant 1974 book Anarchy, State and Utopia saying: “Individuals have rights, and there are things no person or group may do to them (without violating their rights)”. You have rightly deplored the violence seen at Singur and Nandigram. But you will agree it is a gross error to equate violence perpetrated by the Government which is supposed to be protecting all people regardless of political affiliation, and the self-defence of poor unorganised peasants seeking to protect their meagre lands and livelihoods from state-sponsored pogroms. Kitchen utensils, pitchforks or rural implements and flintlock guns can hardly match the organised firepower controlled by a modern Government.   Fortunately, India is not China and the press, media and civil institutions are not totally in the hands of the ruling party alone. In China, no amount of hue and cry among the peasants could save them from the power of organised big business and the Communist Party. In India, a handful of brave women have managed to single-handedly organise mass movements of protest which the press and media have then broadcast that has shocked the whole nation to its senses.  You rightly say the land pricing process has been faulty. Irrelevant historical prices have been averaged when the sum of discounted expected future values in an inflationary economy should have been used. Matters are even worse. “The fear of famine can itself cause famine. The people of Bengal are afraid of a famine. It was repeatedly charged that the famine (of 1943) was man-made.” That is what T. W. Schultz said in 1946 in the India Famine Emergency Committee led by Pearl Buck, concerned that the 1943 Bengal famine should not be repeated following dislocations after World War II. Of course since that time our agriculture has undergone a Green Revolution, at least in wheat if not in rice, and a White Revolution in milk and many other agricultural products. But catastrophic collapses in agricultural incentives may still occur as functioning farmland comes to be taken by government and industry from India’s peasantry using force, fraud or even means nominally sanctioned by law. If new famines come to be provoked because farmers’ incentives collapse, let future historians know where responsibility lay.  West Bengal’s real economic problems have to do with its dismal macroeconomic and fiscal position which is what Government economists should be addressing candidly. As for land, the Government’s first task remains improving grossly inadequate systems of land-description and definition, as well as the implementation and recording of property rights.  With my most respectful personal regards, I remain, Yours ever, Suby”

How does India, as a state, treat its weakest and most vulnerable citizens? Not very well at all.  It is often only because families and society have not collapsed completely, as they have elsewhere, that the weakest survive.  Can we solve in the 21st Century, in a practical manner appropriate to our times, the problem Buddha raised before he became the Buddha some twenty six centuries ago?  Says Eliot,

“The legend represents him as carefully secluded from all disquieting sights and as learning the existence of old age, sickness and death only by chance encounters which left a profound impression”

It is to this list we add “the poor” too, especially if we want to include a slightly later and equally great reformer some miles west of the Terai in the Levant.  I said some years ago “As we as infants and children need to be helped to find courage to face the start of life, we when very elderly can need to be helped to find courage to face life’s end”.   Old age carries with it the fear of death, fear of the end of life and what that means, which raises the meaning of life itself, or at least of the individual life, because we can hardly grasp what the end of life is if we haven’t what it is supposed to be the end of in the first place. What the very elderly need, as do the dying and terminally ill, is to find courage within themselves to comprehend all this with as much equanimity as possible. Companionship and camaraderie — or perhaps let us call it love — go towards that courage coming to be found; something similar goes for the sick, whether a sick child missing school or the elderly infirm, courage that they are not alone and that they can and will recover and not have to face death quite yet, that life will indeed resume.  

As for the poor, I said in 2009 about the bizarre Indian scheme of “interrogating, measuring, photographing and fingerprinting them against their will” that “the poor have their privacy and their dignity. They are going to refuse to waste their valuable time at the margins of survival volunteering for such gimmickry.”

“What New Delhi’s governing class fails to see is that the masses of India’s poor are not themselves a mass waiting for New Delhi’s handouts: they are individuals, free, rational, thinking individuals who know their own lives and resources and capacities and opportunities, and how to go about living their lives best. What they need is security, absence of state or other tyranny, roads, fresh water, electricity, functioning schools for their children, market opportunities for work, etc, not handouts from a monarch or aristocrats or businessmen….” Or, to put it differently in Kant’s terms, the poor need to be treated as ends in themselves, and not as the means towards the ends of others…

 

Part II India’s Right Road Forward Now: Some Thoughtful Analysis for Grown Ups

5.   Transcending a Left-Right/Congress-BJP Divide in Indian Politics

6.   Budgeting Military & Foreign Policy

7.    Solving the Kashmir Problem & Relations with Pakistan

8.  Dealing with Communist China

9.   Towards Coherence in Public Accounting, Public Finance & Public Decision-Making

10.   India’s Money: Towards Currency Integrity at Home & Abroad

Posted in Academic research, Amartya Sen, Arvind Panagariya, Asia and the West, Bengal's Public Finances, Bhagwati-Sen spat, BJP, Britain in India, Cambridge Univ Economics, Cambridge University, Columbia University, Congress Party, Congress Party History, Credit markets, Economic inequality, Economic Policy, Economic quackery, Economic Theory, Economic Theory of Growth, Economic Theory of Interest, Economic Theory of Value, Economics of Public Finance, Financial Repression, Governance, Government accounting, Government of India, India's Big Business, India's Cabinet Government, India's Government economists, India's 1991 Economic Reform, India's balance of payments, India's Budget, India's bureaucracy, India's Capital Markets, India's constitutional politics, India's corruption, India's currency history, India's Economic History, India's Economy, India's Exports, India's Foreign Exchange Reserves, India's Government Budget Constraint, India's Industry, India's inflation, India's Macroeconomics, India's Monetary & Fiscal Policy, India's Polity, India's Public Finance, India's Reserve Bank, India's State Finances, Institute of Economic Affairs, Jagdish Bhagwati, Jean Drèze, LK Advani, Manmohan Singh, Margaret Thatcher's Revolution, Mihir Kumar Roy (MKRoy), Milton Friedman, Money and banking, Padma Desai, Paper money and deposits, Political Economy, Public Choice/Public Finance, Public property waste fraud, Rajiv Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi's assassination, Reverse-Euro Model for India, Sen-Bhagwati spat, Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Sonia Gandhi, Subroto Roy, Sukhamoy Chakravarty, The Times (London), University of Hawaii, William E (Ted) James (1951-2010). Leave a Comment »

No magic wand, Professor Rajan? Oh but there is…2013 (Plus: 7 Jan 2016 “Professor Rajan stays or goes? My answer to a query”)

7 January 2016
rajan

3 June 2014

from World Economy & Central Banking Seminar at Facebook

Professor Rajan’s statement “I determine the monetary policy. I say what it is….ultimately the interest rate that is set is set by me” equates Indian monetary policy with the money interest rate; but monetary policy in India has always involved far more than that, namely, the bulk of Indian banking and insurance has been in government hands for decades, all these institutions have been willy-nilly compelled to hold vast stocks of government debt, both Union and State, on their asset-sides…and unlimited unending deficit finance has led to vast expansion of money supply, making it all rather fragile. My “India’s Money” in 2012 might be found useful. http://tinyurl.com/o9dhe8d

11 April 2014

from World Economy & Central Banking Seminar at Facebook

I have to wonder, What is Professor Rajan on about? Growth in an individual country is affected by the world monetary system? Everyone for almost a century has seen it being a real phenomenon affected by other real factors like savings propensities, capital accumulation, learning and productivity changes, innovation, and, broadly, technological progress… A “source country” needs to consult “recipient” countries before it starts or stops Quantitative Easing? Since when? The latter can always match policy such as to be more or less unaffected… unless of course it wants to ride along for free when the going is good and complain loudly when it is not…. Monetary policy may affect the real economy but as a general rule we may expect growth (a real phenomenon) to be affected by other real factors like savings propensities, capital accumulation, learning and productivity changes, innovation, and, broadly, technological progress..

22 September 2013

“Let us remember that the postponement of tapering is only that, a postponement. We must use this time to create a bullet proof national balance sheet and growth agenda, which creates confidence in citizens and investors alike…”

I will say the statement above is the first sensible thing I have heard Dr Rajan utter anywhere, cutting through all the hype…I should also think he may be underestimating the task at hand, so here’s some help as to what needs to be done from my 19 Aug 2013 Mint article “A wand for Raghuram Rajan” and my 3 Dec 2012 Delhi lecture:

“Rajan has apparently said, “We do not have a magic wand to make the problems disappear instantaneously, but I have absolutely no doubt we will deal with them.” Of course there are no magic wands but there is a scientific path forward. It involves system-wide improvements in public finance and accounting using modern information technology to comprehend government liabilities and expenditures and raise their productivity. It also involves institutional changes in public decision-making like separating banking and central banking from the treasury while making the planning function serve the treasury function rather than pretend to be above it. It is a road long and arduous but at its end both corruption and inflation will have been reduced to minimal levels. The rupee will have acquired sufficient integrity to become a hard currency of the world in the sense the average resident of, say, rural Madhya Pradesh or Mizoram may freely convert rupees and hold or trade foreign currencies or precious metals as he/she pleases. India signed the treaty of Versailles as a victor and was an original member of the League of Nations, the United Nations and the IMF. Yet sovereign India has failed to develop a currency universally acceptable as freely convertible world money. It is necessary and possible for India to aim to do so because without such a national aim, the integrity of the currency continues to be damaged regularly by governmental abuse. An RBI governor’s single overriding goal should be to try to bring a semblance of integrity to India’s money both domestically and worldwide.”

 

 

19 August 2013

A wand for Raghuram Rajan

9 August 2013

No magic wand, Professor Rajan? Oh but there is… read up all this over some hours and you will find it… (Of course it’s not from magic really,  just hard economic science & politics)

Professor Raghuram Govind Rajan of the University of Chicago Business School deserves everyone’s congratulations on his elevation to the Reserve Bank of India’s Governorship.  But I am afraid I cannot share the wild optimism in India’s business media over this.  Of course there are several positives to the appointment.  First, having a genuine PhD and that too from a top school is a rarity among India’s policy-makers; Rajan earned a 1991 PhD in finance at MIT’s management school for a thesis titled “Essays on banking” (having to do we are told “with the downside to cozy bank-firm relationships”).   Secondly, and related,  he has not been a career bureaucrat as almost all RBI Governors have been in recent decades.  Thirdly, he has been President of the American Finance Association, he won the first Fischer Black prize in finance of that Association, and during Anne Krueger’s 2001-2006 reign as First Deputy MD at the IMF, he was given the research role made well-known by the late Michael Mussa, that of “Economic Counselor” of the IMF.

Hence, altogether, Professor Rajan has come to be well-known over the last decade in the West’s financial media. Given the dismal state of India’s credit in world capital markets, that is an asset for a new RBI Governor to have.

On the negatives, first and foremost, if Professor Rajan has renounced at any time his Indian nationality, surrendered his Indian passport and sworn the naturalization oath of the USA, then he is a US citizen with a US passport and loyalty owed to that country, and by US law he will have to enter the USA using that and no other nationality.  If that happens to be the factual case, it will be something that comes out in India’s political cauldron for sure, and there will arise legal issues and court orders  barring him from heading the RBI or representing India officially, e.g. when standing in for India’s Finance Minister at the IMF in Washington or the BIS in Basle etc.   Was he an Indian national as Economic Counselor at the IMF?   The IMF has a tradition of only European MDs and at least one American First Deputy MD.   The Economic Counselor was always American too; did Rajan break that by having remained Indian, or conform to it by having become American?  It is a simple question of fact which needs to come out clearly.   Even if Rajan is an American, he and the Government of India could perhaps try to cite to the Indian courts the new precedent set by the venerable Bank of England which recently appointed a Canadian as Governor.

Secondly, does Professor Rajan know enough (or “have enough domain knowledge” in the modern term) to comprehend let aside confront India’s myriad monetary and public finance problems?  Much of his academic experience in the USA and his approach to Western financial markets may be quite simply divorced from the reality of Indian credit markets and India’s peculiar monetary and banking system as these have evolved over decades and centuries.  Mathematical finance is a relatively new, small specialised American sub-field of economic theory, and not a part of general economics. Rajan’s academic path of engineering and management in India followed by a finance thesis in the management department of a US engineering school may have exposed him to relatively little formal textbook micro- and macroeconomics, monetary economics, public finance, international economics, economic development etc, especially as these relate to Indian circumstances  “Growing up in India, I had seen poverty all around me. I had read about John Maynard Keynes and thought, wow, here’s a guy who managed to have an enormous influence on the world. Economics must be very important.”… He ran across Robert Merton’s paper on rational option pricing, and something clicked that set him on his own intellectual path. “It all came together. You didn’t have these touchy-feely ways of describing human behavior; there were neat arbitrage ways of pricing things. It just seemed so clever and sophisticated,” he said. “And I could use the math skills that I fancied I had, so I decided to get my PhD.”

Let me take two examples.  Does Rajan realise how the important Bottomley-Chandavarkar debates of the 1960s about India’s rural credit markets influenced George Akerlof’s “Market for Lemons” theory and prompted much work on “asymmetric information”, 325.extract signalling etc in credit-markets, insurance-markets, labour-markets and markets in general, as acknowledged in the awards of several Bank of Sweden prizes?  Or will he need a tutorial on the facts of rural India’s financial and credit markets, and their relationship with the formal sector?  What the Bottomley-Chandavarkar debate referred to half a century ago still continues in rural India insofar as large arbitrage profits are still made by trading across the artificially low rates of money interest caused by financial repression of India’s “formal” monetised sector with its soft inconvertible currency against the very high real rates of return on capital in the “informal” sector.   It is obvious to the naked eye that India is a relatively labour-abundant country.  It follows the relative price of labour will be low and relative price of capital high compared to, e.g. the Western or Middle Eastern economies, with mobile factors of production like labour and capital expected to flow accordingly across national boundaries.   Indian nominal interest-rates in organized credit markets have been for decades tightly controlled, making it necessary to go back to Irving Fisher’s data to obtain benchmark interest-rates, which, as expected, are at least 2%-3% higher in India than in Western capital markets. Joan Robinson once explained “the difference between 30% in an Indian village and 3% in London” saying “side by side with the industrial revolution went great technical progress in the provision of credit and the reduction of lender’s risk.”

What is logically certain is no country can have both relatively low world prices for labour and relatively low world prices for capital!  Yet that impossibility seems to have been what India’s purported economic “planners” have planned to engineer!  The effect of financial repression over decades may have been to artificially “reverse” or “switch” the risk-premium — making it lucrative for there to be capital flight out of India, with real rates of return on capital within India being made artificially lower than those in world markets!   Just as enough export subsidies and tariffs can make a country artificially “reverse” its comparative advantage with its structure of exports and imports becoming inverted, so a labour-rich capital-scarce country may, with enough financial repression, end up causing a capital flight.  The Indian elite’s capital flight out of India exporting their adult children and savings overseas may be explained as having been induced by government policy itself.

431314_10150617690307285_69226771_n

Secondly, Professor Rajan as a finance and banking specialist, will see at once the import of this graph above that has never been produced let aside comprehended by the RBI, yet which uses the purest RBI data.  It shows India’s mostly nationalised banks have decade after decade gotten weaker and weaker financially, being kept afloat by continually pumping in of new “capital” via “recapitalisation” from the government that owns them, using more and more of the soft inconvertible currency that has been debauched merrily by government planners.  The nationalised banks with their powerful pampered employee unions, like other powerful pampered employee unions in the government sector, have been the bane of India, where a mere 30 million privileged people in a vast population work with either the government or the organised private sector.  The RBI’s own workforce at last count was perhaps 75,000… the largest central bank staff in the world by far!

Will Rajan know how to bring some system out of the institutional chaos that prevails in Indian banking and central banking?  If not, he should start with the work of James Hanson “Indian Banking: Market Liberalization and the Pressures for Institutional and Market Framework Reform”, contained in the book created by Anne Krueger who brought him into the IMF, and mentioned in my 2012 article “India’s Money” linked below.

The central question for any 21st century RBI Governor worth the name really becomes whether he or she can stand up to the Finance Ministry and insist that the RBI stop being a mere department of it — even perhaps insisting on constitutional status for its head to fulfill the one over-riding aim of trying to bring a semblance of integrity to India’s currency both domestically and worldwide.  Instead it is the so-called “Planning Commission” which has been dominating the Treasury that needs to be made a mere department of the Finance Ministry, while the RBI comes to be hived off to independence!  

Professor Rajan has apparently said “We do not have a magic wand to make the problems disappear instantaneously, but I have absolutely no doubt we will deal with them.”  Of course there are no magic wands but my 3 December 2012 talk in Delhi  has described the right path forward, complex and difficult as this may be.

The path forward involves system-wide improvements in public finance and accounting using modern information technology to comprehend government liabilities and expenditures and raise their productivity, plus institutional changes in public decision-making like separating banking and central banking from the Treasury while making the planning function serve the Treasury function rather than pretend to be above it.  The road described is long and arduous but at its end both corruption and inflation will have been reduced to minimal levels, and the rupee would have acquired integrity enough to become a hard currency of the world in the sense the average resident of, say, rural Madhya Pradesh or Mizoram may freely convert rupees and hold or trade foreign currencies or precious metals as he/she pleases.

3dec

India signed the Treaty of Versailles as a victor and was an original member of the League of Nations, UN and IMF.  Yet sovereign India has failed to develop a currency universally acceptable as a freely convertible world money. It is necessary and possible for India to do so. Without such a national aim, the integrity of the currency continues to be damaged regularly by governmental abuse. 

Professor Rajan will not want to be merely an adornment for the GoI in world capital markets for a few  years, waiting to get back to his American career and life and perhaps to the IMF again.  As RBI Governor, he can find his magic wand if he reads and reflects hard enough using his undoubted academic acumen, and then acts to lead India accordingly.  Here is the basic reading list:

“India’s Money” (2012)

“Monetary Integrity and the Rupee” (2008)

“India’s Macroeconomics” (2007)

“Fiscal Instability” (2007)

“Fallacious Finance” (2007)

“Growth and Government Delusion” (2008)

“India in World Trade & Payments” (2007)

“Path of the Indian Rupee 1947-1993” (1993)

“Our Policy Process” (2007)

“Indian Money and Credit” (2006)

“Indian Money and Banking” (2006)

Indian Inflation

“Growth of Real Income, Money & Prices in India 1869-2004” (2005)

“How to Budget” (2008)

“Waffle but No Models of Monetary Policy: The RBI and Financial Repression (2005)”

“The Dream Team: A Critique” (2006)

“Against Quackery” (2007)

“Mistaken Macroeconomics” (2009)

“The Indian Revolution (2008)”

Some of My Works, Interviews etc on India’s Money, Public Finance, Banking, Trade, BoP, Land, etc (an incomplete list)

Enjoy!

Posted in Academic economics, Academic research, Asia and the West, asymmetric information, Banking, Big Business and Big Labour, Bretton Woods institutions, Britain in India, Capital and labour, Deposit multiplication, Economic Policy, Economic quackery, Economic Theory, Economic Theory of Growth, Economic Theory of Interest, Economic Theory of Value, Economics of exchange controls, Economics of Exchange Rates, Economics of Public Finance, Financial Management, Financial markets, Financial Repression, Foreign exchange controls, Governance, Government accounting, Government Budget Constraint, India's Big Business, India's credit markets, India's Government economists, India's interest rates, India's savings rate, India's stock and debt markets, India's 1991 Economic Reform, India's agriculture, India's balance of payments, India's Banking, India's Budget, India's bureaucracy, India's Capital Markets, India's currency history, India's Foreign Exchange Reserves, India's Foreign Trade, India's Government Budget Constraint, India's Government Expenditure, India's Macroeconomics, India's Monetary & Fiscal Policy, India's nomenclatura, India's Polity, India's poverty, India's Public Finance, India's Reserve Bank, India's State Finances, India's Union-State relations, Inflation, Inflation targeting, Interest group politics, Interest rates, International economics, International monetary economics, International Monetary Fund IMF, Land and political economy, Microeconomic foundations of macroeconomics, Monetary Theory, Money and banking, Paper money and deposits, Power-elites and nomenclatura, Public Choice/Public Finance, Public property waste fraud, Raghuram Govind Rajan, Raghuram Rajan, Rajiv Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi's assassination, Statesmanship, Unorganised capital markets. Leave a Comment »

Cambridge Economics & the Disputation in India’s Economic Policy (2013)

See also

Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s edited by Subroto Roy & William E James, 1986-1992… pdf copy uploaded 2021

Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s, edited by William E James & Subroto Roy, 1986-1993… pdf copy uploaded 2021

2006: https://independentindian.com/2006/05/21/the-politics-of-dr-singh/

2008: https://independentindian.com/2008/04/25/assessing-manmohan-the-doctor-of-deficit-finance-should-realise-the-currency-is-at-stake/

23 August 2013 : 

https://independentindian.com/2013/08/23/did-jagdish-bhagwati-originate-pioneer-intellectually-father-indias-1991-economic-reform-did-manmohan-singh-or-did-i-through-my-encounter-with-rajiv-gandhi-just-as-siddhartha-shan/

19 May 2013

“Manmohan and Sonia have violated Rajiv Gandhi’s intended reforms; the Communists have been appeased or bought; the BJP is incompetent”

is what I said in Sep 2007 in an op-ed in The Statesman. I have to say it again, adding Amartya Sen too for his backing of the so-called “Food Security Bill”…

[Sonia was livid in a speech after I said in 2007 “Manmohan and Sonia have violated Rajiv Gandhi’s intended reforms” … Her stooges wanted me arrested! One said “lined up and shot”… Then she said she only meant to refer to Haryana politics! … https://twitter.com/subyroy/status/1064737873746976768?s=20  ]

But taking Sonia and Rajiv out of it all, we are left with a battle from within Cambridge economics, viz,

Sen and Singh (disciples of Joan Robinson, Kaldor, Dobb et al in the 1950s)

vs

myself … in my PhD thesis of 1981 under Frank Hahn...

PhD

 15 July 2013

I am afraid I cannot remember a cogent coherent book authored by Amartya Sen since his 1972 *On Economic Inequality*, which had nice surveys of the Gini coefficient and related concepts…

My 2006 conversation with him about his book *Identity and Violence* is here.  (see too Is “Cambridge Philosophy” dead, in Cambridge? Can it be resurrected, there? Case Study: Renford Bambrough (& Subroto Roy) preceded by decades Cheryl Misak’s thesis on Wittgenstein being linked with Peirce via Ramsey…”

I now see he and a co-author seem to have produced yet one more piece of extended undergraduate waffle…E.g. “If development is about the expansion of freedom, it has to embrace the removal of poverty as well as paying attention to ecology as integral parts of a unified concern, aimed ultimately at the security and advancement of human freedom. Indeed, important components of human freedoms — and crucial ingredients of our quality of life — are thoroughly dependent on the integrity of the environment, involving the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the epidemiological surroundings in which we live….”

15 July 2013

Where is Amartya’s reply to this?

scan0001

And where is Manmohan’s reply to this?

ppp19842

And where is Manmohan’s reply to this?

602593_10151152229307285_27628359_n

And Manmohan was given a copy of this

indvol

by me at a luncheon at the Indian Embassy Residence in Washington in September 1993 when the Ambassador, the late Barrister SS Ray, told him in the presence of all his senior aides including Montek Ahluwalia and C. Rangarajan, that I had authored the 1991 reform for the then-dead Rajiv Gandhi… on my laptop…

So, to cut to the chase, I have not and do not accept that either Amartya Sen or Manmohan Singh have been leaders of economic thought about India at least (US and British economists can judge for themselves the impact of the former on their own economics). The Sonia Congress has misled itself on the basis of their advocacy and the pity is the BJP, Communists et al in India seem to be even worse…

See also

Did Jagdish Bhagwati “originate”, “pioneer”, “intellectually father” India’s 1991 economic reform? Did Manmohan Singh? Or did I, through my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi, just as Siddhartha Shankar Ray told Manmohan & his aides in Sep 1993 in Washington? Judge the evidence for yourself. And why has Amartya Sen misdescribed his work? India’s right path forward today remains what I said in my 3 Dec 2012 Delhi lecture!

“I have a student called Suby Roy…”: Reflections on Frank Hahn (1925-2013), my master in economic theory

hahn

1. “What was relatively weak at LSE was general economic theory. We were good at deriving the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator but left unsatisfied with our grasp of the theory of value that constituted the roots of our discipline. I managed a First and was admitted to Cambridge as a Research Student in 1976, where fortune had Frank Hahn choose me as a student. That at the outset was protection from the communist cabal that ran “development economics” with whom almost all the Indians ended up. I was wholly impecunious in my first year as a Research Student, and had to, for example, proof-read Arrow and Hahn’s General Competitive Analysis for its second edition to receive 50 pounds sterling from Hahn which kept me going for a short time. My exposure to Hahn’s subtle, refined and depthless thought as an economist of the first rank led to fascination and wonderment, and I read and re-read his “On the notion of equilibrium in economics”, “On the foundations of monetary theory”, “Keynesian economics and general equilibrium theory” and other clear-headed attempts to integrate the theory of value with the theory of money — a project Wicksell and Marshall had (perhaps wisely) not attempted and Keynes, Hicks and Patinkin had failed at.

Hahn insisted a central question was to ask how money, which is intrinsically worthless, can have any value, why anyone should want to hold it. The practical relevance of this question is manifest. India today in 2007 has an inconvertible currency, vast and growing public debt financed by money-creation, and more than two dozen fiscally irresponsible State governments without money-creating powers. While pondering, over the last decade, whether India’s governance could be made more responsible if States were given money-creating powers, I have constantly had Hahn’s seemingly abstruse question from decades ago in mind, as to why anyone will want to hold State currencies in India, as to whether the equilibrium price of those monies would be positive. (Lerner in fact gave an answer in 1945 when he suggested that any money would have value if its issuer agreed to collect liabilities in it — as a State collects taxes – and that may be the simplest road that bridges the real/monetary divide.)

Though we were never personal friends and I did not ingratiate myself with Hahn as did many others, my respect for him only grew when I saw how he had protected my inchoate classical liberal arguments for India from the most vicious attacks that they were open to from the communists. My doctoral thesis, initially titled “A monetary theory for India”, had to be altered due to paucity of monetary data at the time, as well as the fact India’s problems of political economy and allocation of real resources were more pressing, and so the thesis became “On liberty and economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”. When no internal examiner could be found, the University of Cambridge, at Hahn’s insistence, showed its greatness by appointing two externals: C. J. Bliss at Oxford and T. W. Hutchison at Birmingham, former students of Hahn and Joan Robinson respectively. My thesis received the most rigorous and fairest imaginable evaluation from them…”

2. “Frank Hahn believed in throwing students in at the deep end — or so it seemed to me when, within weeks of my arrival at Cambridge as a 21 year old Research Student, he insisted I present my initial ideas on the foundations of monetary theory at his weekly seminar.

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I was petrified but somehow managed to give a half-decent lecture before a standing-room only audience in what used to be called the “Keynes Room” in the Cambridge Economics Department. (It helped that a few months earlier, as a final year undergraduate at the LSE, I had been required to give a lecture at ACL Day’s Seminar on international monetary economics. It is a practice I came to follow with my students in due course, as there may be no substitute in learning how to think while standing up.) I shall try to publish exactly what I said at my Hahn-seminar when I find the document; broadly, it had to do with the crucial problem Hahn had identified a dozen years earlier in Patinkin’s work by asking what was required for the price of money to be positive in a general equilibrium, i.e. why do people everywhere hold and use money when it is intrinsically worthless. Patinkin’s utility function had real money balances appearing along with other goods; Hahn’s “On Some Problems of Proving the Existence of an Equilibrium in a Monetary Economy” in Theory of Interest Rates (1965), was the decisive criticism of this, where he showed that Patinkin’s formulation could not ensure a non-zero price for money in equilibrium. Hence Patinkin’s was a model in which money might not be held and therefore failed a vital requirement of a monetary economy. The announcement of my seminar was scribbled by a young Cambridge lecturer named Oliver Hart, later a distinguished member of MIT and Harvard University.”

3.   Then there was Sraffa…I saw him many a time, in the Marshall Library… He would smile very broadly at me and without saying anything  indicate with his hand to invite me to his office.. I fled in some fear… It was very stupid of me of course… Joan Robinson cornered me once and took me into the office she shared with EAG… She came at me for an hour or so wishing to supervise me, I kept declining politely… saying I was with Frank Hahn and wished to work on money… “What does Frankie know about India?” she said… I said I did not know but he did know about monetary theory and that was what I needed for India;  I also said I did not think much about the Indian Marxists she had supervised… and mentioned a prominent name… she said about him, “Yes most of what he does can go straight into the dustbin”…

4.   “I had been attracted to Cambridge partly by its old reputation for philosophy, especially that of Wittgenstein. But I met no worthwhile philosophers there until a few months before I was to leave for the United States in 1980, when I chanced upon the work of Renford Bambrough. Hahn had challenged me with the question, “how are you so sure your value judgements promoting liberty blah-blah are better than those of Chenery and the development economists?” It was a question that led inevitably to ethics and its epistemology — when I chanced upon Bambrough’s work, and that of his philosophical master, John Wisdom, the immense expanse of metaphysics (or ontology) opened up as well. “Then felt I like some watcher of the skies, When a new planet swims into his ken; Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes, He star’d at the Pacific…””

5. “I went to Virginia because James M. Buchanan was there, and he, along with FA Hayek, were whom Hahn decided to write on my behalf. Hayek said he was too old to accept me but wrote me kind and generous letters praising and hence encouraging my inchoate liberal thoughts and arguments. Buchanan was welcoming and I learnt much from him and his colleagues about the realities of public finance and democratic politics, which I quickly applied in my work on India…” Hahn told me he did not know Buchanan but he did know Hayek well and that his wife Dorothy had been an original member of the Mont Pelerin Society in 1947 or 1948. Hence I am amused reading a prominent NYU “American Austrian” say about Frank’s passing “I do think economics would have been better off if the Arrow-Debreu-Hahn approach had not been taken so seriously by the profession. I think it turned out to be an intellectual straight-jacket that prevented the discussion of valuable outside-the-box ideas”, and am tempted to paraphrase the closing lines of Tractatus — “Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent/About what one can not speak, one must remain silent” — to read “Of that of which we are ignorant, we should at least try not to gas about…” Hahn and Hayek were friends, from when Hayek taught at the London School of Economics in Robbins’ seminar, and Hahn was Robbins’ doctoral student.

6. “The Hawaii project manuscript contained inter alia a memorandum by Milton Friedman done at the request of the Government of India in November 1955, which had been suppressed for 34 years until I published it in May 1989. Milton and Rose Friedman refer to this in their memoirs Two Lucky People (Chicago 1998). Peter Bauer had told me of the existence of Friedman’s document during my doctoral work at Cambridge under Frank Hahn in the late 1970s, as did N. Georgescu-Roegen in America. Those were years in which Brezhnev still ruled in the Kremlin, Gorbachev was yet to emerge, Indira Gandhi and her pro-Moscow advisers were ensconced in New Delhi, and not even the CIA had imagined the Berlin Wall would fall and the Cold War would be over within a decade. It was academic suicide at the time to argue in favour of classical liberal economics even in the West. As a 22-year-old Visiting Assistant Professor at the Delhi School of Economics in 1977, I was greeted with uproarious laughter of senior professors when I spoke of a possible free market in foreign exchange. Cambridge was a place where Indian economists went to study the exploitation of peasants in Indian agriculture before returning to their friends in the well-known bastions of such matters in Delhi and Calcutta. It was not a place where Indian (let alone Bengali) doctoral students in economics mentioned the unmentionable names of Hayek or Friedman or Buchanan, and insisted upon giving their works a hearing. My original doctoral topic in 1976 “A monetary theory for India” had to be altered not only due to paucity of monetary data at the time but because the problems of India’s political economy and allocation of resources in the real economy were far more pressing. The thesis that emerged in 1982 “On liberty and economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India” was a full frontal assault from the point of view of microeconomic theory on the “development planning” to which everyone routinely declared their fidelity, from New Delhi’s bureaucrats and Oxford’s “development” school to McNamara’s World Bank with its Indian staffers. Frank Hahn protected my inchoate liberal arguments for India; and when no internal examiner could be found, Cambridge showed its greatness by appointing two externals, Bliss at Oxford and Hutchison at Birmingham, both Cambridge men.”

7. “I have a student called Suby Roy…”  Frank sends me to America in 1980 to work with Jim Buchanan… One letter from him was all it took…

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And then five years later in 1985 he calls me “probably the outstanding young Hayekian”, says I had brought “a good knowledge of economics and of philosophy to bear on the literature on economic planning”, had “a good knowledge of economic theory” and that my “critique of Development Economics was powerful not only on methodological but also on economic theory grounds” — all that to me has been a special source of delight.

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We did not meet often after I left Cambridge but he wrote very kindly always, and finally said, hearing of my travails and troubles and adventures, “well you are having an interesting life…”…

In America, I once met Robert M Solow in a hotel elevator as we were on a  panel at a conference together; I  introduced myself as Hahn’s student… “Aren’t you lucky?” said Solow with a smile…and he was right… I was lucky…

I said of Milton Friedman that he had been “the greatest economist after John Maynard Keynes”;  Milton’s critic, Frank Hahn, may have been the greatest economic theorist of modern times.

447px-Frank_Hahn

                                                                      Frank Hahn (1925-2013)

Budgets & Financial Positions of Three of India’s Most Populous States (combined population c.300 million)…Brought to you especially by Dr Subroto Roy… Feel free to use (with acknowledgment)…

Budgets & Financial Positions of Three of India’s Most Populous States (combined population c.300 million)…Brought to you especially by Dr Subroto Roy… Feel free to use (with acknowledgment)… Government Finance 2003-2004 (C&AG data)
EXPENDITURE ACTIVITIES : Rs Bn (Hundred Crore)
MAHARASHTRA UTTARPRADESH WEST BENGAL
government & local government 18.19 2.58% 30.33 3.52% 8.68 1.68%
judiciary 2.96 0.42% 3.17 0.37% 1.27 0.25%
police (including vigilance etc) 19.81 2.81% 25.81 2.99% 13.47 2.61%
prisons 0.86 0.12% 1.13 0.13% 0.62 0.12%
bureaucracy 27.97 3.97% 11.63 1.35% 5.69 1.10%
collecting land revenue & taxes 42.25 6.00% 8.41 0.98% 4.32 0.84%
government employee pensions 26.36 3.74% 29 3.36% 26.11 5.05%
schools, colleges, universities, institutes 93.74 13.31% 62.79 7.28% 45.06 8.72%
health, nutrition & family welfare 23.42 3.33% 18.97 2.20% 14.7 2.84%
water supply & sanitation 10.22 1.45% 6.04 0.70% 3.53 0.68%
roads, bridges, transport etc. 12.96 1.84% 16.13 1.87% 8.29 1.60%
electricity 16.96 2.41% 200.22 23.23% 31.18 6.03%
irrigation, flood cntrl., environ, ecology 70.79 10.05% 29.98 3.48% 10.78 2.09%
agricultural subsidies, rural development 41.3 5.86% 16.07 1.86% 7.97 1.54%
industrial subsidies 2.6 0.37% 8.19 0.95% 2.56 0.50%
capital city development 6.25 0.89% 1.08 0.13% 7.29 1.41%
soc security, SC, ST, OBC, lab.welfare 25.4 3.61% 18.36 2.13% 9.87 1.91%
tourism 0.89 0.13% 0.2 0.02% 0.09 0.02%
arts, archaeology, libraries, museums 0.75 0.11% 0.37 0.04% 0.16 0.03%
miscellaneous -0.47 -0.07% 0.53 0.06% 0.52 0.10%
debt amortization & debt servicing 261.03 37.07% 373.6 43.34% 314.77 60.89%
total expenditure 704.24 862.01 516.93
MAHARASHTRA UTTARPRADESH WEST BENGAL
tax revenues 285.52 268.74 141.1
operational income 35.49 22.82 6.06
grants from Union of India 22.7 24.82 18.93
loans recovered 4.82 124.98 0.91
total income 348.53 441.36 167
GOVERNMENT BORROWING REQUIREMENT
(total expenditure less total income) = 355.71 420.65 349.93
FINANCED BY
new public debt issued 317.02 385.41 339.48
use of Trust Funds etc. 38.68 35.26 10.45
355.7 420.67 349.93

Milton Friedman’s Nov 1955 Memorandum to the Govt of India which I published for the first time at UH-Manoa on 21 May 1989, and then later in the 1992 book: Now in pdf 2021

Pakistan’s Point of View (Or Points of View) on Kashmir: My As Yet Undelivered Lahore Lecture–Part I

Preface

27 April 2015 from Twitter: “My Pakistani hosts never managed to go thru w their 2010/11 invitation I speak in Lahore on Kashmir. After ‪#‎SabeenMahmud‬ s murder, I decline”

October 2015 from Twitter: I have started a quite thorough critique under #kasuri etc at Twitter of the extremely peculiar free publicity given in Delhi and  Mumbai power circles to the dressed up (and false) ISI/Hurriyat narrative of KM Kasuri; the Musharraf “demilitarisation/borderless” idea that Mr Kasuri promotes is originally mine from our Pakistan book in America in the 1980s, which I brought to the attention of both sides (and the USA) in Washington in 1993 but which I myself later rejected as naive and ignorant  after the Pakistani aggression in Kargil in 1999, especially the murder of Lt Kalia and his platoon as POWs. https://independentindian.com/2006/12/15/what-to-tell-musharraf-peace-is-impossible-without-non-aggressive-pakistani-intentions/  https://independentindian.com/2008/11/15/of-a-new-new-delhi-myth-and-the-success-of-the-university-of-hawaii-1986-1992-pakistan-project/ 

see too https://independentindian.com/2011/10/13/my-seventy-one-notes-at-facebook-etc-on-kashmir-pakistan-and-of-course-india-listed-thanks-to-jd/

I have also now made clear how and why my Lahore lecture (confirmed by the Pakistani envoy to Delhi personally phoning me of his own accord at home on 3 March 2011, followed the next day by the Indian Foreign Secretary phoning to give me an appointment to brief her about my talk upon my return) came to be sabotaged by two Pakistanis and two Indian politicians associated with them. (Both of the Indian politicians had bad karma catch up immediately afterwards!)

 

Original Preface  22 November 2011: Exactly a year ago, in late October-November 2010, I received a very kind invitation from the Lahore Oxford and Cambridge Society to speak there on this subject.  Mid March 2011 was a tentative date for this lecture from which the text below is dated.  The lecture has yet to take place for various reasons but as there is demand for its content, I am releasing the part which was due to be released in any case to my Pakistani hosts ahead of time — after all, it would have been presumptuous of me to seek to speak in Lahore on Pakistan’s viewpoint on Kashmir, hence I instead  planned to release my understanding of that point of view ahead of time and open it to the criticism of my hosts.  The structure of the remainder of the talk may be surmised too from the Contents.  The text and argument are mine entirely, the subject of more than 25 years of research and reflection,  and are under consideration of publication as a book by Continuum of London and New York.  If you would like to comment, please feel free to do so, if you would like to refer to it in an online publication, please give this link, if you would like to refer to it in a paper-publication, please   email me.  Like other material at my site, it is open to the Fair Use rule of normal scholarship.

 

On the Alternative Theories of Pakistan and India about Jammu & Kashmir (And the One and Only Way These May Be Peacefully Reconciled): An Exercise in Economics, Politics, Moral Philosophy & Jurisprudence

 by

Subroto (Suby) Roy

Lecture to the Oxford and Cambridge Society of Lahore

March 14, 2011 (tentative)

“What is the use of studying philosophy if all that does for you is to enable you to talk with some plausibility about some abstruse questions of logic, etc., & if it does not improve your thinking about the important questions of everyday life?”  Wittgenstein, letter to Malcolm, 1944

“India is the greatest Muslim country in the world.”

Sir Muhammad Iqbal, 1930, Presidential Address to the Muslim League, Allahabad

 “Where be these enemies?… See, what a scourge is laid upon your hate,… all are punish’d.” Shakespeare

Dr Roy’s published works include Philosophy of Economics: On the Scope of Reason in Economic Inquiry (London & New York: Routledge, 1989, 1991); Pricing, Planning & Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India (London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1984); and, edited with WE James, Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s (Hawaii MS 1989, Sage 1992)  &  Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s (Hawaii MS 1989, Sage 1992, OUP Karachi 1993); and, edited with John Clarke, Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution: How it Happened and What it Meant (London & New York: Continuum 2005).  He graduated in 1976 with a first from the London School of Economics in mathematical economics, and received the PhD in economics at Cambridge in 1982 under Professor Frank Hahn for the thesis “On liberty & economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”. In the United States for 16 years he was privileged to count as friends Professors James Buchanan, Milton Friedman, TW Schultz, Max Black and Sidney Alexander.  From September 18 1990 he was an adviser to Rajiv Gandhi and contributed to the origins of India’s 1991 economic reform.  He blogs at http://www.independentindian.com.

CONTENTS

Part I

  1. Introduction

  2. Pakistan’s Point of View (or Points of View)

(a)    1930  Sir Muhammad Iqbal

(b)    1933-1948 Chaudhury Rahmat Ali

(c)    1937-1941 Sir Sikander Hayat Khan

(d)    1937-1947 Quad-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah

(e)    1940s et seq  Maulana Abul Ala Maudoodi

(f)     1947-1950 Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan, 1966 President Ayub Khan, 2005 Govt of Pakistan, 2007 President Musharraf, 2008 FM Qureshi, 2011 Kashmir Day

Part II

  1. India’s Point of View: British Negligence/Indifference during the Transfer of Power, A Case of Misgovernance in the Chaotic Aftermath of World War II

(a)    Rhetoric: Whose Pakistan?  Which Kashmir?

(b)    Law: (i) Liaquat-Zafrullah-Abdullah-Nehru United in Error Over the Second Treaty of Amritsar! Dogra J&K subsists Mar 16 1846-Oct 22 1947. Aggression, Anarchy, Annexations: The LOC as De Facto Boundary by Military Decision Since Jan 1 1949.  (ii) Legal Error & Confusion Generated by 12 May 1946 Memorandum. (iii) War: Dogra J&K attacked by Pakistan, defended by India: Invasion, Mutiny, Secession of “Azad Kashmir” & Gilgit, Rape of Baramulla, Siege of Skardu.

  1. Politics: What is to be Done? Towards Truths, Normalisation, Peace in the 21st Century

The Present Situation is Abnormal & Intolerable. There May Be One (and Only One) Peacable Solution that is Feasible: Revealing Individual Choices Privately with Full Information & Security: Indian “Green Cards”/PIO-OCI status for Hurriyat et al: A Choice of Nationality (India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran).  Of Flags and Consulates in Srinagar & Gilgit etc: De Jure Recognition of the Boundary, Diplomatic Normalisation,  Economic & Military Cooperation.

  1. Appendices:

(a)    History of Jammu & Kashmir until the Dogra Native State

(b)    Pakistan’s Allies (including A Brief History of Gilgit)

(c)    India’s Muslim Voices

(d)    Pakistan’s Muslim Voices: An Excerpt from the Munir Report

Part I

1.  Introduction

For a solution to Jammu & Kashmir to be universally acceptable it must be seen by all as being lawful and just. Political opinion across the subcontinent — in Pakistan, in India, among all people and parties in J&K, those loyal to India, those loyal to Pakistan, and any others — will have to agree that, all things considered, such is the right course of action for everyone today in the 21st Century, which means too that the solution must be consistent with the principal known facts of history as well as account reasonably for all moral considerations.

I claim to have found such a solution, indeed I shall even say it is the only such solution (in terms of theoretical economics, it is the unique solution) and plan with your permission to describe its main outlines at this distinguished gathering.  I have not invented it overnight but it is something  developed over a quarter century, milestones along the way being the books emerging from the University of Hawaii “perestroika” projects for India and Pakistan that I and the late WE James led 25 years ago, and a lecture I gave at Washington’s Heritage Foundation in June 1998, as well as sets of newspaper articles published between 2005 and 2008, one in Dawn of Karachi and others in The Statesman of New Delhi and Kolkata.

Before I start, allow me for a moment to remind just how complex and intractable the problem we face has been, and, therefore, quite how large my ambition is in claiming today to be able to resolve it.

“Kashmir is in the Supreme National Interest of Pakistan”, says Pakistan.

“Kashmir is an Integral Part of India”, says India.

“Kashmir is an Integral Part of Pakistan”, says Pakistan.

“Kashmir is in the Supreme National Interest of India”, says India.

And so it goes, in what over the decades has been all too often a Dialogue of the Deaf.  How may such squarely opposed positions be reconciled without draining public resources even further through wasteful weaponry and confrontation of standing armies, or, what is worse, using these weapons and armies in war, plunging the subcontinent into an abyss of chaos and destruction for generations to come?  How is it possible?

I shall suggest a road can be found only when we realize Pakistan, India and J&K each have been and are going to remain integral to one another — in their histories, their geographies, their economies and their societies.  The only place they may need to differ, where we shall want them to differ, is their politics and political systems. We should not underestimate how much mutual hatred and mutual fear has arisen naturally on all sides over the decades as a result of bloodshed and suffering all around, and the fact must also be accounted for that people simply may not be in a calm-enough emotional state to want to be part of processes seeking resolution; at the same time, it bears to be remembered that although Pakistan and India have been at war more than once and war is always a very serious and awful thing, they have never actually declared war against the other nor have they ever broken diplomatic relations – in fact in some ways it has always seemed like some very long and protracted fraternal Civil War between us where we think we know one another so well and yet come to be surprised more by one another’s virtues than by one another’s vices.

Secondly, with any seemingly intractable problem, dialogue can stall or be aborted due to normal human failings of impatience or lack of good will or lack of good humour or lack of a scientific attitude towards finding facts, or plain mutual miscomprehension of one another’s points of view through ignorance or laziness or negligence.  In case of Pakistan and India over J&K, there has been the further critical complication that we of this generation did not cause this problem — it has been something inherited by us from not even our fathers but our grandfathers!  It is two generations old.  Each side must respect the words and deeds of its forebears but also may have to frankly examine in a scientific spirit where errors of fact or judgment may have occurred back then.  The antagonistic positions have changed only slightly over two generations, and one reason dialogue stalls or gets aborted today is because positions have become frozen for more than half a century and merely get repeated endlessly.  On top of such frozen positions have been piled pile upon pile of further vast mortal complications: the 1965 War, the 1971 secession of East Pakistan, the 1999 Kargil War, the 2008 Mumbai massacres.  Only cacophony results if we talk about everything at once, leaving the status quo of a dangerous expensive confrontation to continue.

I propose instead to focus as specifically and precisely as possible on how Jammu & Kashmir became a problem at all during those crucial decades alongside the processes of Indian Independence, World War II, the Pakistan Movement and creation of Pakistan, accompanied by the traumas and bloodshed of Partition.

Having addressed that — and it is only fair to forewarn this eminent Lahore audience that such a survey of words, deeds and events between the 1930s and 1950s tends to emerge in India’s favour — I propose to “fast-forward” to current times, where certain new facts on the ground appear much more adverse to India, and finally seek to ask what can and ought to be done, all things considered, today in the circumstances of the 21st Century.   There are four central facts, let me for now call them Fact A, Fact B, Fact C and Fact D, which have to be accepted by both countries in good faith and a scientific spirit.  Facts A and B are historical in nature; Pakistan has refused to accept them. Facts C and D are contemporary in nature; official political India and much of the Indian media too often have appeared wilfully blind to them. The moment all four facts come to be accepted by all, the way forward becomes clear.  We have inherited this grave mortal problem which has so badly affected the ordinary people of J&K in the most terrible and unacceptable manner, but if we fail to understand and resolve it, our children and grandchildren will surely fail even worse — we may even leave them to cope with the waste and destruction of further needless war or confrontation, indeed with the end of the subcontinent as we have received and known it in our time.

2. Pakistan’s Point of View (Or Points of View)

1930  Sir Muhammad Iqbal

This audience will need no explanation why I start with Sir Muhammad Iqbal (1877-1938), the poetic and spiritual genius who in the 20th Century inspired the notion of a Muslim polity in NorthWestern India, whose seminal 1930 presidential speech to the Muslim League in Allahabad lay the foundation stone of the new country that was yet to be.   He did not live to see Pakistan’s creation yet what may be called the “Pakistan Principle” was captured in his words:

“I would like to see the Punjab, Northwest Frontier Province, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of Northwest India… India is the greatest Muslim country in the world.  The life of Islam as a cultural force in this living country very largely depends on its centralization in a specified territory”.

He did not see such a consolidated Muslim state being theocratic and certainly not one filled with bigotry or “Hate-Hindu” campaigns:

“A community which is inspired by feelings of ill-will towards other communities is low and ignoble. I entertain the highest respect for the customs, laws, religious and social institutions of other communities… Yet I love the communal group which is the source of my life and my behaviour… Nor should the Hindus fear that the creation of autonomous Muslim states will mean the introduction of a kind of religious rule in such states…. I therefore demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim state in the best interests of India and Islam. For India it means security and peace resulting from an internal balance of power, for Islam an opportunity to rid itself of the stamp that Arabian Imperialism was forced to give it, to mobilise its law, its education, its culture, and to bring them into closer contact with its own original spirit and the spirit of modern times.”[1]

Though Kashmiri himself, in fact a founding member of the “All-India Jammu & Kashmir Muslim Conference of Lahore and Simla”, and a hero and role model for the young Sheikh Abdullah (1905-1982), Allama Iqbal was explicitly silent about J&K being part of the new political entity he had come to imagine.  I do not say he would not have wished it to be had he lived longer; what I am saying is that his original vision of the consolidated Muslim state which constitutes Pakistan today (after a Partitioned Punjab) did not include Jammu & Kashmir.  Rather, it was focused on the politics of British India and did not mention the politics of Kashmir or any other of the so-called “Princely States” or “Native States” of “Indian India” who constituted some 1/3rd of the land mass and 1/4th of the population of the subcontinent.  Twenty years ago I called this “The Paradox of Kashmir”, namely, that prior to 1947 J&K hardly seemed to appear in any discussion at all for a century, yet it has consumed almost all discussion and resources ever since.

Secondly, this audience will see better than I can the significance of Dr Iqbal’s saying the Muslim political state of his conception needed

“an opportunity to rid itself of the stamp that Arabian Imperialism was forced to give it”

and instead seek to

“mobilise its law, its education, its culture, and to bring them into closer contact with its own original spirit and the spirit of modern times”.

Dr Iqbal’s Pakistan Principle appears here the polar opposite of Pakistan’s 18th & 19th Century pre-history represented by Shah Waliullah (1703-1762)[2] saying

“We are an Arab people whose fathers have fallen in exile in the country of Hindustan, and Arabic genealogy and Arabic language are our pride”

 or Sayyid Ahmed Barelwi (1786-1831) saying

“We must repudiate all those Indian, Persian and Roman customs which are contrary to the Prophet’s teaching”.[3]

Some 25 years after the Allahabad address, the Munir Report in 1954 echoed Dr Iqbal’s thought when it observed about medieval military conquests

“It is this brilliant achievement of the Arabian nomads …that makes the Musalman of today live in the past and yearn for the return of the glory that was Islam… Little does he understand that the forces which are pitted against him are entirely different from those against which early Islam had to fight… Nothing but a bold reorientation of Islam to separate the vital from the lifeless can preserve it as a World Idea and convert the Musalman into a citizen of the present and the future world from the archaic incongruity that he is today…” [4]

 

1933-1947  Chaudhury Rahmat Ali

Dr Iqbal’s young follower, the radical Cambridge pamphleteer Chaudhury Rahmat Ali (1895-1951) drew a picture not of Muslim tolerance and coexistence with Hindus in a peaceful India but of aggression towards Hindus and domination by Muslims over the subcontinent and Asia itself.  Rahmat Ali had been inspired by Dr Iqbal’s call for a Muslim state in Northwest India but found it vague and was disappointed Iqbal had not pressed it at the Third Round Table Conference.  In 1933, reportedly on the upper floor of a London omnibus, he invented for the then-imagined political entity the name “PAKSTAN”, P for his native Punjab, A for Afghania, K for Kashmir, S for Sind, and STAN for Balochistan.  He sought a meeting with Mr Jinnah in London — “Jinnah disliked Rahmat Ali’s ideas and avoided meeting him”[5] but did meet him.  There is a thesis yet to be written on how Europe’s inter-War ideologies affected political thinking on the subcontinent.  Rahmat Ali’s vituperative views about Hindus were akin to others about Jews (and Muslims too) at the time, all models or counterfoils for one another in the fringes of Nazism.  He referred to the Indian nationalist movement as a “British-Banya alliance”, declined to admit India had ever existed and personally renamed the subcontinent “Dinia” and the seas around it the “Pakian Sea”, the “Osmanian Sea” etc. He urged Sikhs to rise up in a “Sikhistan” and urged all non-Hindus to rise up in war against Hindus. Given the obscurity of his life before his arrival at Cambridge’s Emmanuel College, what experiences may have led him to such views are not known.

All this was anathema to Mr Jinnah, the secular constitutionalist embarrassed by a reactionary Muslim imperialism in that rapidly modernising era that was the middle of the 20th Century.  When Rahmat Ali pressed the ‘Pakstan’ acronym, Mr Jinnah said Bengal was not in it and Muslim minority regions were absent.  At this Chaudhury-Sahib produced a general scheme of Muslim domination all over the subcontinent: there would be “Pakstan” in the northwest including Kashmir, Delhi and Agra; “Bangistan” in Bengal; “Osmanistan” in Hyderabad; “Siddiquistan” in Bundelhand and Malwa; “Faruqistan” in Bihar and Orissa; “Haideristan” in UP; “Muinistan” in Rajasthan; “Maplistan” in Kerala; even “Safiistan” in “Western Ceylon” and “Nasaristan” in “Eastern Ceylon”, etc.  In 1934 he published and widely circulated such a diagram among Muslims in Britain at the time.  He was not invited to the Lahore Resolution which did not refer to Pakistan though came to be called the Pakistan Resolution.  When he landed in the new Pakistan, he was apparently arrested and deported back and was never granted a Pakistan passport.  From England, he turned his wrath upon the new government, condemning Mr Jinnah as treacherous and newly re-interpreting his acronym to refer to Punjab, Afghania, Kashmir, Iran, Sindh, Tukharistan (sic), Afghanistan, and Balochistan.  The word “pak” coincidentally meant pure, so he began to speak of Muslims as “the Pak” i.e. “the pure” people, and of how the national destiny of the new Pakistan was to liberate “Pak” people everywhere, including the new India, and create a “Pak Commonwealth of Nations” stretching from Arabia to the Indies.  The map he now drew placed the word “Punjab” over J&K, and saw an Asia dominated by this “Pak” empire. Shunned by officialdom of the new Pakistan, Chaudhury-Sahib was a tragic figure who died in poverty and obscurity during an influenza epidemic in 1951; the Master of Emmanuel College paid for his funeral and was apparently later reimbursed for this by the Government of Pakistan.  In recent years he has undergone a restoration, and his grave at Cambridge has become a site of pilgrimage for ideologues, while his diagrams and writings have been reprinted in Pakistan’s newspapers as recently as February 2005.

1937-1941 Sir Sikander Hayat Khan

Chaudhary Rahmat Ali’s harshest critic at the time was the eminent statesman and Premier of Punjab Sir Sikander Hayat Khan (1892-1942), partner of the 1937 Sikander-Jinnah Pact, and an author of the Lahore Resolution.  His statement of 11 March 1941 in the Punjab Legislative Assembly Debates is a classic:

“No Pakistan scheme was passed at Lahore… As for Pakistan schemes, Maulana Jamal-ud-Din’s is the earliest…Then there is the scheme which is attributed to the late Allama Iqbal of revered memory.  He, however, never formulated any definite scheme but his writings and poems have given some people ground to think that Allama Iqbal desired the establishment of  some sort of  Pakistan.  But it is not difficult to explode this theory and to prove conclusively that his conception of  Islamic solidarity and universal brotherhood is not in conflict with Indian patriotism and is in fact quite different from the ideology now sought to be attributed to him by some enthusiasts… Then there is Chaudhuri Rahmat Ali’s scheme (*laughter*)…it was widely circulated in this country and… it was also given wide publicity at the time in a section of the British press.  But there is another scheme…it was published in one of the British journals, I think Round Table, and was conceived by an Englishman…..the word Pakistan was not used at the League meeting and this term was not applied to (the League’s Lahore) resolution by anybody until the Hindu press had a brain-wave and dubbed it Pakistan…. The ignorant masses  have now adopted the slogan provided by the short-sighted bigotry of the Hindu and Sikh press…they overlooked the fact that the word Pakistan might have an appeal – a strong appeal – for the Muslim masses.  It is a catching phrase and it has caught popular imagination and has thus made confusion worse confounded…. So far as we in the Punjab are concerned, let me assure you that we will not countenance or accept any proposal that does not secure freedom for all (*cheers*).  We do not desire that Muslims should domineer here, just as we do not want the Hindus to domineer where Muslims are in a minority. Now would we allow anybody or section to thwart us because Muslims happen to be in a majority in this province.  We do not ask for freedom that there may be a Muslim Raj here and Hindu Raj elsewhere.  If that is what Pakistan means I will have nothing to do with it.   If Pakistan means unalloyed Muslim Raj in the Punjab then I will have nothing to do with it (*hear, hear*)…. If you want real freedom for the Punjab, that is to say a Punjab in which every community will have its due share in the economic and administrative fields as partners in a common concern, then that Punjab will not be Pakistan but just Punjab, land of the five rivers; Punjab is Punjab and will always remain Punjab whatever anybody may say (*cheers*).  This, then, briefly is the future which I visualize for my province and for my country under any new constitution.

Intervention (Malik Barkat Ali): The Lahore resolution says the same thing.

Premier: Exactly; then why misinterpret it and try to mislead the  masses?…”

1937-1947  Quad-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah

During the Third Round Table Conference, Dr Iqbal persuaded Mr Jinnah (1876-1948) to return to India; Mr Jinnah, from being settled again in his London law practice, did so in 1934.  But following the 1935 Govt of India Act, the Muslim League failed badly when British India held its first elections in 1937 not only in Bengal and UP but in Punjab (one seat), NWFP and Sind.

World War II, like World War I a couple of brief decades earlier, then changed the political landscape completely. Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939 and Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September.  The next day, India’s British Viceroy (Linlithgow) granted Mr Jinnah the political parity with Congress that he had sought.[6]  Professor Francis Robinson suggests that until 4 September 1939 the British

“had had little time for Jinnah and his League.  The Government’s declaration of war on Germany on 3 September, however, transformed the situation. A large part of the army was Muslim, much of the war effort was likely to rest on the two Muslim majority provinces of Punjab and Bengal. The following day, the Viceroy invited Jinnah for talks on an equal footing with Gandhi…. As the Congress began to demand immediate independence, the Viceroy took to reassuring Jinnah that Muslim interests would be safeguarded in any constitutional change. Within a few months, he was urging the League to declare a constructive policy for the future, which was of course presented in the Lahore Resolution[7]…. In their August 1940 offer, the British confirmed for the benefit of Muslims that power would not be transferred against the will of any significant element in Indian life. And much the same confirmation was given in the Cripps offer nearly two years later…. Throughout the years 1940 to 1945, the British made no attempt to tease out the contradictions between the League’s two-nation theory, which asserted that Hindus and Muslims came from two different civilisations and therefore were two different nations, and the Lahore Resolution, which demanded that ‘Independent States’ should be constituted from the Muslim majority provinces of the NE and NW, thereby suggesting that Indian Muslims formed not just one nation but two. When in 1944 the governors of Punjab and Bengal urged such a move on the Viceroy, Wavell ignored them, pressing ahead instead with his own plan for an all-India conference at Simla. The result was to confirm, as never before in the eyes of leading Muslims in the majority provinces, the standing of Jinnah and the League. Thus, because the British found it convenient to take the League seriously, everyone had to as well—Congressmen, Unionists, Bengalis, and so on…”[8]

 Mr Jinnah was himself amazed by the new British attitude towards him:

“(S)uddenly there was a change in the attitude towards me. I was treated on the same basis as Mr Gandhi. I was wonderstruck why all of a sudden I was promoted and given a place side by side with Mr Gandhi.”

Britain, threatened for its survival, faced an obdurate Indian leadership and even British socialists sympathetic to Indian aspirations grew cold (Gandhi dismissing the 1942 Cripps offer as a “post-dated cheque on a failing bank”).  Official Britain’s loyalties had been consistently with those who had been loyal to them, and it was unsurprising there would be a tilt to empower Mr Jinnah soon making credible the real possibility of Pakistan.[9]  By 1946, Britain was exhausted, pre-occupied with rationing, Berlin, refugee resettlement and countless other post-War problems — Britain had not been beaten in war but British imperialism was finished because of the War.  Muslim opinion in British India had changed decisively in the League’s favour.   But the  subcontinent’s political processes were drastically spinning out of everyone’s control towards anarchy and blood-letting.  Implementing a lofty vision of a cultured progressive consolidated Muslim state in India’s NorthWest descended into “Direct Action” with urban mobs  shouting Larke lenge Pakistan; Marke lenge Pakistan; Khun se lenge Pakistan; Dena hoga Pakistan.[10]

We shall return to Mr Jinnah’s view on the legal position of the “Native Princes” of “Indian India” during this critical time, specifically J&K; here it is essential before proceeding only to record his own vision for the new Pakistan as recorded by the profoundly judicious report of Justice Munir and Justice Kayani a mere half dozen years later:

“Before the Partition, the first public picture of Pakistan that the Quaid-i-Azam gave to the world was in the course of an interview in New Delhi with Mr. Doon Campbell, Reuter’s Correspondent. The Quaid-i-Azam said that the new State would be a modern democratic State, with sovereignty resting in the people and the members of the new nation having equal rights of citizenship regardless of their religion, caste or creed.  When Pakistan formally appeared on the map, the Quaid-i-Azam in his memorable speech of 11th August 1947 to the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan, while stating the principle on which the new State was to be founded, said:—‘All the same, in this division it was impossible to avoid the question of minorities being in one Dominion or the other. Now that was unavoidable. There is no other solution. Now what shall we do? Now, if we want to make this great State of Pakistan happy and prosperous we should wholly and solely concentrate on the well-being of the people, and specially of the masses and the poor. If you will work in co-operation, forgetting the past, burying the hatchet, you are bound to succeed. If you change your past and work together in a spirit that every one of you, no matter to what community he belongs, no matter what relations he had with you in the past, no matter what is his colour, caste or creed, is first, second and last a citizen of this State with equal rights, privileges and obligations., there will be no end to the progress you will make.  “I cannot emphasise it too much. We should begin to work in that spirit and in course of time all these angularities of the majority and minority communities—the Hindu community and the Muslim community— because even as regards Muslims you have Pathana, Punjabis, Shias, Sunnis and so on and among the Hindus you have Brahmins, Vashnavas, Khatris, also Bengalis, Madrasis and so on—will vanish. Indeed if you ask me this has been the biggest hindrance in the way of India to attain its freedom and independence and but for this we would have been free peoples long long ago. No power can hold another nation, and specially a nation of 400 million souls in subjection; nobody could have conquered you, and even if it had happened, nobody could have continued its hold on you for any length of time but for this (Applause). Therefore, we must learn a lesson from this. You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other places of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion or caste or creed— that has nothing to do with the business of the State (Hear, hear). As you know, history shows that in England conditions sometime ago were much worse than those prevailing in India today. The Roman Catholics and the Protestants persecuted each other. Even now there are some States in existence where there are discriminations made and bars imposed against a particular class. Thank God we are not starting in those days. We are starting in the days when there is no discrimination, no distinction between one community and another, no discrimination between one caste or creed and another. We are starting with this fundamental principle that we are all citizens and equal citizens of one State (Loud applause). The people of England in course of time had to face the realities of the situation and had to discharge the responsibilities and burdens placed upon them by the Government of their country and they went through that fire step by step. Today you might say with justice that Roman Catholics and Protestants do not exist: what exists now is that every man is a citizen, an equal citizen, of Great Britain and they are all members of the nation. “Now, I think we should keep that in front of us as our ideal and you will find that in course of time Hindus would cease to be Hindus and Muslims would cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense, because that is the personal faith of each individual, but in the political sense as citizens of the State’. The Quaid-i-Azam was the founder of Pakistan and the occasion on which he thus spoke was the first landmark in the history of Pakistan. The speech was intended both for his own people including non-Muslims and the world, and its object was to define as clearly as possible the ideal to the attainment of which the new State was to devote all its energies. There are repeated references in this speech to the bitterness of the past and an appeal to forget and change the past and to bury the hatchet. The future subject of the State is to be a citizen with equal rights, privileges and obligations, irrespective of colour, caste, creed or community. The word ‘nation’ is used more than once and religion is stated to have nothing to do with the business of the State and to be merely a matter of personal faith for the individual.”

1940s et seq  Maulana Abul Ala Maudoodi, Amir Jama’at-i-Islami

The eminent theologian Maulana Abul Ala Maudoodi (1903-1979), founder of the Jama’at-i-Islami, had been opposed to the Pakistan Principle but once Pakistan was created he became the most eminent votary of an Islamic State, declaring:

 “That the sovereignty in Pakistan belongs to God Almighty alone and that the Government of Pakistan shall administer the country as His agent”.

 In such a view, Islam becomes

“the very antithesis of secular Western democracy. The philosophical foundation of Western democracy is the sovereignty of the people. Lawmaking is their prerogative and legislation must correspond to the mood and temper of their opinion… Islam… altogether repudiates the philosophy of popular sovereignty and rears its polity on the foundations of the sovereignty of God and the viceregency (Khilafat) of man.”

Maulana Maudoodi was asked by Justice Munir and Justice Kayani:

 “Q.—Is a country on the border of dar-ul-Islam always qua an Islamic State in the position of dar-ul-harb ?

A.—No. In the absence of an agreement to the contrary, the Islamic State will be potentially at war with the non-Muslim neighbouring country. The non-Muslim country acquires the status of dar-ul-harb only after the Islamic State declares a formal war against it”.

“Q.—Is there a law of war in Islam?

A.—Yes.

Q.—Does it differ fundamentally from the modern International Law of war?

A.—These two systems are based on a fundamental difference.

Q.—What rights have non-Muslims who are taken prisoners of war in a jihad?

A.—The Islamic law on the point is that if the country of which these prisoners are nationals pays ransom, they will be released. An exchange of prisoners is also permitted. If neither of these alternatives is possible, the prisoners will be converted into slaves for ever. If any such person makes an offer to pay his ransom out of his own earnings, he will be permitted to collect the money necessary for the fidya (ransom).

Q.—Are you of the view that unless a Government assumes the form of an Islamic Government, any war declared by it is not a jihad?

A.—No. A war may be declared to be a jihad if it is declared by a national Government of Muslims in the legitimate interests of the State. I never expressed the opinion attributed to me in Ex. D. E. 12:— (translation)‘The question remains whether, even if the Government of Pakistan, in its present form and structure, terminates her treaties with the Indian Union and declares war against her, this war would fall under the definition of jihad? The opinion expressed by him in this behalf is quite correct. Until such time as the Government becomes Islamic by adopting the Islamic form of Government, to call any of its wars a jihad would be tantamount to describing the enlistment and fighting of a non-Muslim on the side of the Azad Kashmir forces jihad and his death martyrdom. What the Maulana means is that, in the presence of treaties, it is against Shari’at, if the Government or its people participate in such a war. If the Government terminates the treaties and declares war, even then the war started by Government would not be termed jihad unless the Government becomes Islamic’.

….

“Q.—If we have this form of Islamic Government in Pakistan, will you permit Hindus to base their Constitution on the basis of their own religion?

A—Certainly. I should have no objection even if the Muslims of India are treated in that form of Government as shudras and malishes and Manu’s laws are applied to them, depriving them of all share in the Government and the rights of a citizen. In fact such a state of affairs already exists in India.”

.…

“Q.—What will be the duty of the Muslims in India in case of war between India and Pakistan?

A.—Their duty is obvious, and that is not to fight against Pakistan or to do anything injurious to the safety of Pakistan.”

1947-1950 PM Liaquat Ali Khan, 1966 Gen Ayub Khan, 2005 Govt of Pakistan et seq

In contrast to Maulana Maudoodi saying Islam was “the very antithesis of secular Western democracy”,  Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan (1895-1951)[11] during his first official visit in 1950 to North America was to say the new Pakistan, because it was Muslim, held Asia’s greatest democratic potential:

“At present there is no democracy in Asia which is more free and more unified than Pakistan; none so free from moral doubts and from strains between the various sections of the people.”

He told his audiences Pakistan was created because Hindus were people wedded to caste-differences where Pakistanis as Muslims had an egalitarian and democratic disposition:

“The Hindus, for example, believe in the caste system according to which some human beings are born superior to others and cannot have any social relations with those in the lower castes or with those who are not Hindus.   They cannot marry them or eat with them or even touch them without being polluted.   The Muslims abhor the caste system, as they are a democratic people and believe in the equality of men and equal opportunities for all, do not consider a priesthood necessary, and have economic laws and institutions which recognize the right of private ownership and yet are designed to promote the distribution of wealth and to put healthy checks on vast unearned accumulations… so the Hindus and the Muslims decided to part and divide British India into two independent sovereign states… Our demand for a country of our own had, as you see, a strong democratic urge behind it.  The emergence of Pakistan itself was therefore the triumph of a democratic idea.  It enabled at one stroke a democratic nation of eighty million people to find a place of its own in Asia, where now they can worship God in freedom and pursue their own way of life uninhibited by the domination or the influence of ways and beliefs that are alien or antagonistic to their genius.” [12]

President Ayub Khan would state in similar vein on 18 November 1966 at London’s Royal Institute of International Affairs:

“the root of the problem was the conflicting ideologies of India and Pakistan. Muslim Pakistan believed in common brotherhood and giving people equal opportunity.  India and Hinduism are based on inequality and on colour and race.  Their basic concept is the caste system… Hindus and Muslims could never live under one Government, although they might live side by side.”

Regarding J&K, Liaquat Ali Khan on November 4 1947 broadcast from here in Lahore that the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar was “infamous” in having caused an  “immoral and illegal” ownership of Jammu & Kashmir.  He, along with Mr Jinnah, had called Sheikh Abdullah a “goonda” and “hoodlum” and “Quisling” of India, and on February 4 1948 Pakistan formally challenged the sovereignty of the Dogra dynasty in the world system of nations.  In 1950 during his North American visit though, the Prime Minister allowed that J&K was a “princely state” but said

“culturally, economically, geographically and strategically, Kashmir – 80 per cent of whose peoples like the majority of the people in Pakistan are Muslims – is in fact an integral part of Pakistan”;

“(the) bulk of the population (are) under Indian military occupation”.

Pakistan’s official self-image, portrayal of India, and position on J&K may have not changed greatly since her founding Prime Minister’s statements.   For example, in June 2005 the website of the Government of Pakistan’s Permanent Mission at the UN stated:

“Q: How did Hindu Raja (sic) become the ruler of Muslim majority Kashmir?

A: Historically speaking Kashmir had been ruled by the Muslims from the 14th Century onwards.  The Muslim rule continued till early 19th Century when the ruler of Punjab conquered  Kashmir and gave Jammu to a Dogra Gulab Singh who purchased Kashmir from the British in 1846 for a sum of 7.5 million rupees.”

“India’s forcible occupation of the State of Jammu and Kashmir in 1947 is the main cause of the dispute. India claims to have ‘signed’ a controversial document, the Instrument of Accession, on 26 October 1947 with the Maharaja of Kashmir, in which the Maharaja obtained India’s military help against popular insurgency.   The people of Kashmir and Pakistan do not accept the Indian claim.   There are doubts about the very existence of the Instrument of Accession.  The United Nations also does not consider Indian claim as legally valid: it recognises Kashmir as a disputed territory.   Except India, the entire world community recognises Kashmir as a disputed territory. The fact is that all the principles on the basis of which the Indian subcontinent was partitioned by the British in 1947 justify Kashmir becoming a part of Pakistan:  the State had majority Muslim population, and it not only enjoyed geographical proximity with Pakistan but also had essential economic linkages with the territories constituting Pakistan.”

India, a country dominated by the hated-Hindus, has forcibly denied Srinagar Valley’s Muslim majority over the years the freedom to become part of Muslim Pakistan – I stand here to be corrected but, in a nutshell, such has been and remains Pakistan’s official view and projection of the Kashmir problem over more than sixty years.[13]

Part II

  1. India’s Point of View: British Negligence/Indifference during the Transfer of Power, A Case of Misgovernance in the Chaotic Aftermath of World War II

(a)    Rhetoric: Whose Pakistan?  Which Kashmir?

(b)    Law: (i) Liaquat-Zafrullah-Abdullah-Nehru United in Error Over the Second Treaty of Amritsar! Dogra J&K subsists Mar 16 1846-Oct 22 1947. Aggression, Anarchy, Annexations: The LOC as De Facto Boundary by Military Decision Since Jan 1 1949.  (ii) Legal Error & Confusion Generated by 12 May 1946 Memorandum. (iii) War: Dogra J&K attacked by Pakistan, defended by India: Invasion, Mutiny, Secession of “Azad Kashmir” & Gilgit, Rape of Baramulla, Siege of Skardu.

  1. Politics: What is to be Done? Towards Truths, Normalisation, Peace in the 21st Century

The Present Situation is Abnormal & Intolerable. There May Be One (and Only One) Peacable Solution that is Feasible: Revealing Individual Choices Privately with Full Information & Security: Indian “Green Cards”/PIO-OCI status for Hurriyat et al: A Choice of Nationality (India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran).  Of Flags and Consulates in Srinagar & Gilgit etc: De Jure Recognition of the Boundary, Diplomatic Normalisation,  Economic & Military Cooperation.

  1. Appendices:

(a)    History of Jammu & Kashmir until the Dogra Native State

(b)    Pakistan’s Allies (including A Brief History of Gilgit)

(c)    India’s Muslim Voices

(d)    Pakistan’s Muslim Voices: An Excerpt from the Munir Report

 


[1] EIJ Rosenthal, Islam in the Modern National State, 1965, pp.196-197.

[2] A contemporary of Mohammad Ibn Abdal Wahhab of Nejd.

[3] Francis Robinson in  WE James & Subroto Roy, Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s, 1993, p. 36.  Indeed Barelwi had created a proto-Pakistan in NorthWest India one hundred years before the Pakistan Movement. “In the later 1820s the movement became militant, regarding jihad as one of the basic tenets of faith.  Possibly encouraged by the British, with whom the movement did not feel powerful enough to come to grips at the outset, it chose as the venue of jihad the NW frontier of the subcontinent, where it was directed against the Sikhs.  Barelwi temporarily succeeded in carving out a small theocratic principality which collapsed owing to the friction between his Pathan and North Indian followers; and he was finally defeated and slain by the Sikhs in 1831″ (Aziz Ahmed, in  AL Basham (ed) A Cultural History of India 1976, p. 384).   Professor Robinson answered a query of mine in an email of 8 August 2005: “the fullest description of this is in Mohiuddin Ahmad, Saiyid Ahmad Shahid (Lucknow, 1975), although practically everyone who deals with the period covers it in some way. Barelwi was the Amir al-Muminin of a jihadi community which based itself north of Peshawar and for a time controlled Peshawar.  He called his fellowship the Tariqa-yi Muhammadiya.  Barelwi corresponded with local rulers about him.  After his death at the battle of Balakot, it survived in the region, at Sittana I think, down to World War One.”

[4] Rosenthal, ibid., p 235

[5] Germans

[6] Events remote from India’s history and geography, namely, the rise of Hitler and the Second World War, had contributed between 1937 and 1947 to the change of fortunes of the Muslim League and hence of all the people of the subcontinent.  The British had long discovered that mutual antipathy between Muslims and Hindus could be utilised in fashioning their rule; specifically that organisation and mobilisation of Muslim communal opinion was a useful counterweight to any pan-Indian nationalism emerging to compete with British authority. As early as 1874, long before Allan Octavian Hume ICS conceived the Indian National Congress, John Strachey ICS observed “The existence side by side of these (Hindu and Muslim) hostile creeds is one of the strong points in our political position in India. The better classes of Mohammedans are a source of strength to us and not of weakness. They constitute a comparatively small but an energetic minority of the population whose political interests are identical with ours.” By 1906, when a deputation of Muslims headed by the Aga Khan first approached the British pleading for communal representation, Minto the Viceroy replied: “I am as firmly convinced as I believe you to be that any electoral representation in India would be doomed to mischievous failure which aimed at granting a personal enfranchisement, regardless of the beliefs and traditions of the communities composing the population of this Continent.” Minto’s wife wrote in her diary the effect was “nothing less than the pulling back of sixty two millions of (Muslims) from joining the ranks of the seditious opposition.” (The true significance of Maulana Azad may have been that he, precisely at the same time, did indeed feel within himself the nationalist’s desire for freedom strongly enough to want to join the ranks of that seditious opposition.)

[7] “That geographically contiguous units are demarcated into regions which should be so constituted, with such territorial readjustments as may be necessary, that the areas in which the Muslims are numerically in a majority, as in the North-Western and Eastern zones of India should be grouped to constitute Independent States in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign”.

[8] Robinson ibid, pp. 43-44.

[9] In the “Indian India” of the Native Princes, Hari Singh and others who sent troops to fight as part of British armies (and who were nominal members of Churchill’s War Cabinet) would have their vanities flattered, while Sheikh Abdullah’s rebellion against Dogra rule would be ignored. See seq. And in British India, Mr Jinnah the conservative Anglophile and his elitist Muslim League would be backed, while the radicalised masses of the Gandhi-Bose-Nehru Congress suppressed as a nuisance.

[10] An anthology about Lahore reports memories of a murderous mob arriving at a wealthy man’s home to be placated  with words like  “They are Parsis not Hindus, no need to kill them…”

[11] An exact contemporary of Chaudhury Rahmat Ali.

[12] Pakistan, Harvard University Press, 1950.

[13] It is not far from this to a certain body of sentiments frequently found, for example, as recently as February 5 2011: “To observe the Kashmir Solidarity Day, various programs, rallies and protests will be held on Saturday (today) across the city to support the people of Kashmir in their struggle against the Indian occupation of their land.  Various religious, political, social and other organizations have arranged different programs to highlight the atrocities of Indian occupant army in held Jammu and Kashmir where about 800,000 Indian soldiers have been committing atrocities against innocent civilians; killing, wounding and maiming tens of thousands of people; raping thousands of women and setting houses, shops and crops on fire to break the Kashmiris’ will to fight for their freedom…Jamat-ud-Dawah…leaders warned that a ‘jihad’ would be launched if Kashmir was not liberated through civil agitation…the JuD leaders said first the former President, Pervez Musharraf, and now the current dispensation were extending the olive branch to New Delhi despite the atrocities on the Kashmiri people….the Pakistani nation would (never compromise on the issue of Kashmir and) would continue to provide political, moral and diplomatic support to the Kashmiri people.”

My Seventy Four Articles, Books (now in pdf 2021), Notes Etc on Kashmir, Pakistan, & of course, India (plus my undelivered Lahore lectures)

2) Law, Justice and Jammu & Kashmir (2006)

https://independentindian.com/2006/07/03/law-justice-and-jk/

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=152464726125

Monday, October 5, 2009

3) Solving Kashmir: On an Application of Reason (2005)
https://independentindian.com/2005/12/03/solving-kashmir-on-an-application-of-reason/

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=152462776125

Monday, October 5, 2009

4) My (armchair) experience of the 1999 Kargil war (Or, How the Kargil effort got a little help from a desktop)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=388161476125

Thursday, April 29, 2010

5) Understanding Pakistan (2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=152348161125

Monday, October 5, 2009

6) Pakistan’s Allies (2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=152345826125

Monday, October 5, 2009

7) History of Jammu & Kashmir

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=152343836125

Monday, October 5, 2009

8) from 30 years ago, now in pdf

Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s edited by Subroto Roy & William E James

indvol

Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s edited by William E James & Subroto Roy

pakvol

9) Talking to my student and friend Amir Malik about Pakistan and its problems

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150297082781126

Tuesday, September 27, 2011

10) My thanks to Mr Singh for seeing the optimality of my Kashmir solution

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150271489571126

Sunday, September 4, 2011

11) Zafrullah, my father, and the three frigates: there was no massacre of the Hindu Sindhi refugees in Karachi in 1947

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150265008366126

Saturday, August 27, 2011

12) Conversation with Mr Birinder R Singh about my Kashmir solution

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150259831611126

Saturday, August 20, 2011

13) On the Hurriyat’s falsification of history

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150258949946126

Friday, August 19, 2011

14) Letter from a young Pashtun whose grandfathers were in the 1947 invasion of Kashmir (which the Hurriyat says never happened)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150258851821126

Friday, August 19, 2011

15) More on my solution

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150258100876126

Thursday, August 18, 2011

16  ) A Hurriyat/Taliban Islamist emirate in the Valley subject to an Indian blockade would likely face famine.

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150257700231126

Wednesday, August 17, 2011

17) There is no Kashmiri nationality and there never has been in the modern era of international law

https://www.facebook.com/notes/subroto-roy/there-is-no-kashmiri-nationality-and-there-never-has-been-in-the-modern-era-of-i/10150255815456126

Monday, August 15, 2011

18) Of the Flag of Pakistan, and the Union Jack, and the Flag of India — August 14-15 1947

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150255301456126

Sunday, August 14, 2011

19) Talking about Kashmir in 1947 to Ralph Coti

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150254871116126

Saturday, August 13, 2011

20) Conversation with Prof. Bhim Singh about 1947

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150254495896126

Saturday, August 13, 2011

21) The LOC represents the division of ownerless, sovereignless territory won by military conquest by either side…

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150245816611126

Monday, August 1, 2011

22) Talking to Mr Tauseef

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150245521131126

Monday, August 1, 2011

23) J&K had ceased to exist as an entity in international law by August 15 1947, at most by October 22 1947

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150244867021126

Sunday, July 31, 2011

24) Would someone be kind enough to tell me which freedoms Indian Kashmiris are being deprived of?

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150243323381126

Friday, July 29, 2011

25) Kunan Poshpora: I would say the evidence reported by the Verghese Committee itself was enough to indicate there had been rape 28 July 2011

https://www.facebook.com/notes/subroto-roy/kunan-poshpora-i-would-say-the-evidence-reported-by-the-verghese-committee-itsel/10150242580476126

26) Talking to Mr Rameez Makhdoomi about Kashmir

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150241973371126

Wednesday, July 27, 2011

27) And, as you well know, General Hasnain is both Muslim and Kashmiri, besides being the Commanding Officer of 15 Corps.

http://www.facebook.com/subyroy?sk=notes&s=40

Friday, July 22, 2011

28) Kashmir needs a Coroner’s Office!

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150238284741126

Friday, July 22, 2011

29) A slogan for Kashmir: No exaggerations, no hallucinations, no cover-ups please: Just the plain facts & accountability

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150238136556126

Friday, July 22, 2011

30) Towards a Spatial Model of Kashmir’s Political History

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150234599731126

Sunday, July 17, 2011

31) Why did Allama Iqbal say “India is the greatest Muslim country in the world…”?

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150233148866126

Friday, July 15, 2011

32) Conversation with Mr Arif

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150230793806126

Tuesday, July 12, 2011

33) Omar Qayoom Bhat: A Victim of State Repression in J&K

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150229389496126

Monday, July 11, 2011

34) Good and evil in Kashmir over more than a millennium…

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150217168656126

Sunday, June 26, 2011

35) Letter to Mr Zargar (Continued)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150212034496126

June 23, 2011

36) From the Official Indian Army website re Human Rights Violations

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150210741356126

Wednesday, June 22, 2011

37) A Facebook Discussion on Kashmir with the Lahore Oxford & Cambridge Society

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208871201126

Sunday, June 19, 2011

38) Answering two central questions on the Kashmir Problem

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150202054326126

Friday, June 10, 2011

39) Some articles on Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan, Afghanistan

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150201498846126

Friday, June 10, 2011

40) Lar ke lenge Pakistan? Khun se lenge Pakistan?

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150195065706126

Thursday, June 2, 2011

41) On Pakistan & Questions of the Nature & Jurisprudence of Polities

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150165301016126

Saturday, April 30, 2011

42) On “state involvement” (January 2009)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?

on Friday, April 22, 2011

43) My four main 2005-06 articles on the existence of a unique, stable solution to Kashmir

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150155305266126

Sunday, April 17, 2011

44) On the present state of the Pakistan-India dialogue

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150140448906126

Thursday, March 31, 2011

45) Mixed messages (from a Dec 2008 post on Pakistan just after the Mumbai massacres)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150117696731126

Tuesday, March 29, 2011

46) New Foreign Policy? “Kiss Up, Kick Down”? (October 2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150098854806126

Friday, March 4, 2011

47) Conversations with Kashmiris: An Ongoing Facebook Note

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=489267761125

Saturday, January 22, 2011

48) On Pakistan and the Theory & Practice of the Islamic State, 1949, 1954

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=486039761125

Saturday, January 15, 2011

49) A Modern Military (2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=483556931125

Monday, January 10, 2011

50) India’s Muslim Voices: Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan (1892-1942), Punjab Prime Minister 1941

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=476020171125

Monday, December 27, 2010

51) Pre-Partition Indian Secularism Case-Study: Fuzlul Huq and Manindranath Roy

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=445015731125

Tuesday, October 26, 2010

52) A Brief Note on Bangladesh, Pakistan, India and the Pashtuns 1971-2010

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=414500306125

Wednesday, July 28, 2010

53) On the Existence of a Unique and Stable Solution to the Jammu & Kashmir Problem that is Lawful, Just and Economically Efficient

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=407478886125

Monday, July 5, 2010

54) Seventy Years Today (Sep 4 2009) Since the British Govt Politically Empowered MA Jinnah

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=407310716125

Monday, July 5, 2010

55) Justice & Afzal (Oct 14 2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=393914236125

Tuesday, May 18, 2010

56) A Brief History of Gilgit

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=336081356125

Monday, March 1, 2010

57)  India-USA interests: Elements of a serious Indian foreign policy (2007)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=299902341125

Wednesday, February 10, 2010

58) Ambassador Holbrooke’s error of historical fact

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=259713446125

Sunday, January 17, 2010

59) Of a new New Delhi myth & the success of the Univ of Hawaii 1986-1992 Pakistan project (Nov 15 2008)

https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=247284116125

Sunday, 10 January 2010

60) Was Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah (1905-1982), Lion of Kashmir, the greatest Muslim political leader of the 20th Century?

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=244956301125

Friday, January 8, 2010

61) On Indian Nationhood: From Tamils To Kashmiris & Assamese & Mizos To Sikhs & Goans (2007)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=222511821125

Friday, December 25, 2009

62) India has never, not once, initiated hostilities against Pakistan (2009)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=194400926125

Wednesday, December 2, 2009

63) RAND’s study of the Mumbai attacks (Jan 25 2009)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=189261716125

Wednesday, November 25, 2009

64) Memo to the Hon’ble Attorneys General of Pakistan & India (January 16 2009)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=189251816125

Wednesday, November 25, 2009

65) On Hindus and Muslims (2005)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=172649451125

Tuesday, November 3, 2009

66) Iqbal & Jinnah vs Rahmat Ali in Pakistan’s creation (2005)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=171039831125

Saturday, October 31, 2009

67) Have “mixed messages” caused a “double-bind” in the US-Pakistan relationship?

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=164051251125

Wednesday, October 21, 2009

68) Pakistan’s Kashmir obsession: Sheikh Abdullah Relied In Politics On The French Constitution, Not Islam (Feb 16 2008)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=154064436125

Thursday, October 8, 2009

69) Two cheers for Pakistan! (April 7 2008)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=154062896125

Thursday, October 8, 2009

70) What to tell Musharraf: Peace Is Impossible Without Non-Aggressive Pakistani Intentions (Dec 15 2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=153985256125

Wednesday, October 7, 2009

71) India’s Muslim Voices (Dec 4 2008)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=153977181125

Wednesday, October 7, 2009

72) Saving Pakistan: A Physicist/Political Philosopher May Represent Iqbal’s “Spirit of Modern Times” (2007)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=153971996125

Wednesday, October 7, 2009

73) The Greatest Pashtun: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=153812126125

Wednesday, October 7, 2009

74) KashNFL

On the rot of institutions (and what an Academy might be like in the Facebook/Internet Age): Listening to the ladies….

From Facebook Aug 31 2011:

Subroto Roy has really done what he can, just about, for his country, & has been rewarded by his country’s government and its “institution of national importance” with the most despicable evil. It is a toss-up between whether my personal experience of Indian corruption and vicious state-tyranny is worse than my personal experience of bribery and perjury in the federal court system in America.

AKe Your bitterness is understandable. Patriotism is rising above appropriate anger toward individuals and continuing to love and serve the nation, even if it is infected by wicked individuals.

Subroto Roy Yes it is indeed, you are right…

AKe The history of most great nations contains examples of individuals who, though later acknowledged as heroes, were treated shabbily by their respective homelands. It is sad that you are being treated badly, but surely it is just by one institution and its envious employees, rather than by the entire country? At least, I hope this is caused by a small number of wickedly envious people rather than by an established policy of the government.;

Subroto Roy Corruption is endemic in India… the matters I exposed some years ago had to do with (a) apparent siphoning off money in building (and purchase) contracts; and (b) apparently abusing the fiduciary interest of students by stealing from their fees to pay for round the world business-class travel, etc.. No, I am not bitter, either about India or about America but yes, as I have said it is a toss-up between whether my personal experience of Indian corruption and vicious state-tyranny is worse than my personal experience of bribery and perjury in the federal court system in America.

AlKu  A is right, though, that you were affected by individual actions more, I think, than by the nation as a whole in both instances. I wish that your fine work was getting the lion’s share of attention and not causing you troubles at all. But ideas have their natural audiences and all too often that audience is located in the future — as Andrea noted. Keep the faith, Suby. Truth does win out in time. And that really does matter too. Listen to the ladies, Suby …

Subroto Roy Thanks though, that you were affected by individual actions”, Individualism is of course something I know much about since my Hayek days (Frank Hahn called me 26 years ago “probably the outstanding young Hayekian”) but my experience has been mixed.

I have had quite long associations with three academic institutions, two in America, one in India. At the first, my academic work was attacked by a gang of what I have called “inert game theorists”, game theory being the prevalent fashion at the time, there was an academic freedom issue and I let it be; but on top of that arose the open and blatant sexual harassment of a woman graduate student by the department head, and my helping her, in a very minimal but essential way, contributed to the conflict. I did not fight it more than a bit and left (for BYU, where the Mormons gave me refuge and allowed me to complete my book, almost).

The second case, also in America, was one of outrageous collective targeting of my work as an academic and an economist by my national origin, even my purported race and religion, and when I did battle that, having immense faith in the American system, my adversary responded by demonstrated perjury, buying out my attorney (and getting caught doing it), and compromising the federal judge. Not good. Certainly my faith in the American system was shaken but *not* in America herself — why? because two of the greatest 20th C American economists, Milton Friedman and TW Schultz — gladly stood for me, and their testimony (ignored by the compromised judge) was far more important than anything else to me. I.e., it was these two American *individuals* (as well as several others less eminent but equally heroic) who allowed my faith in America to continue unshaken even though the personal experience of the institutions had been ghastly.

The Indian case is wholly different as it is a wholly different political culture for the most part. The issues are cheap and pathetic — fraudulent academic credentials, stealing money from the government, stealing money from students, stealing others’ property wherever possible in the knowledge you can get away with it, etc.

There is hardly anything of deep significance involved except it gives the lie to all the government and elite propaganda about how well India is doing — and in that context becomes relevant too what I did in America which came to Rajiv Gandhi through my advice to him in his last months

AlK meanwhile, it was Abigail Adams’s sage advice to “remember the ladies”

Subroto Roy Indeed I do, and follow it; my best buddy, an old lady almost 86, is usually full of sage wisdom these days.

Subroto Roy What is the solution? It is, in my case. what I have said here: “A friend has been kind enough to call me an Academician, which I probably am, though one who really needs his own Academy because the incompetence, greed and mendacity encountered too often in the modern professoriat is dispiriting.”

Subroto Roy And what does such an Academy consist of in the Internet/Facebook Age? Big buildings? Naaaa…

AlK What would Socrates do???? WWSD — for short

Subroto Roy Quite so, what would Socrates do? His Academy today would be his Facebook profile and his blog. 🙂

AlK I get to be Plato — called it first!!

Subroto Roy LOL… Platoletha has a nice ancient ring about it…

AK I think Aletha would be Πλάτωνίσ, and I would then be Ἀριστοτέλά, your devoted acolytes.

Subroto Roy LOL… 🙂 I actually was given the Roman name Subius Maximus myself by my buddy Bobbus Fluhartius, aka Bob Fluharty in Charleston WVa..

Theft of my academic books, papers, notes, student-theses etc from my professorial office at an “Institution of National Importance” in India?

From Facebook August 11 2011

Subroto Roy is glad to hear on the telephone from the Registrar of the “Institution of National Importance” where my professorial office was left in-tact on August 23 2003 that he now agrees my “personal belongings” there are not “Institute property” and he is making efforts to trace their location.

        Arrow and Hahn, General Competitive Analysis, 1971
Bliss, Capital Theory and the Distribution of Income, 1975
Arrow, Collected Works
Burrows and Hitiris, Macroeconomic theory
Allen, Macroeconomics
Henderson and Quandt, Microeconomics
Varian, Microeconomics
Takayama, Mathematical economics
Markowitz, Mean Variance analysis
Bernstein, How futures markets work
Akehurst, Modern introduction to international law
Dumont, Homo heirarchicus
AEA Surveys of economic growth, two volumes
Amartya Sen, Collective Choice and Social Welfare
Amartya Sen, On Economic Inequality
Amartya Sen (ed) Growth Economics
Townsend (ed) Price Theory
Clower (ed) Monetary Theory
Lecture notes in statistics
Lecture notes in econometrics
Lecture notes in mathematical economics
IMF working papers, research monographs
About 16 masters level student theses
About 4 undergraduate BTech level theses…
Etc etc, a partial reconstruction from memory…

From Facebook August 10 2011:

Subroto Roy fears that many of his academic books, papers, lecture notes, student theses, mostly invaluable, even his Cambridge gown, may have been stolen, yes stolen, from his professorial office by a conscious deliberate decision of the administrative authorities of a major academic institution in India, deemed an “Institution of National Importance”….

Sully Augustine Outrageous!

Subroto Roy Indeed. I have managed eight years without them and now there is a High Court order for them to be returned to me, but the Registrar of the place tells me on the phone he thinks it became “Institute property”…

Frank Cowell ‎!

Subroto Roy Battling corruption in academia is a painful and exhausting business.

Subroto Roy fears that his precious priceless 1977 copy of the 1971 edition of Arrow and Hahn has been stolen, yes stolen, by a major academic institution in India, deemed an “Institution of National Importance”….

“Sidney Alexander & I are really the only ones who showed the basic logical contradictions caused by positivism having penetrated economics in the middle of the 20th Century”

from Is “Cambridge Philosophy” dead, in Cambridge? Can it be resurrected, there? Case Study: Renford Bambrough (& Subroto Roy) preceded by decades Cheryl Misak’s thesis on Wittgenstein being linked with Peirce via Ramsey… 

“3.  Now before its publication my book manuscript had been mostly under contract with University of Chicago Press, not Routledge.  About 1984 one of Chicago’s half a dozen reviewers hit me with a large surprise: my argument had been anticipated decades earlier in America by MIT’s Sidney Stuart Alexander!   I had no idea of this though I knew Alexander’s publications on other subjects the balance of payments.

Alexander, who was Paul Samuelson’s contemporary and Robert Solow’s teacher, was extremely gracious, read my manuscript and immediately declared with great generosity it was clear to him my arguments had been developed independently of his own.  Alexander had come at the problem from an American tradition of John Dewey, Peirce’s pupil, I had done so from Wittgenstein through John Wisdom and Renford Bambrough.  Alexander and I had arrived at similar conclusions but had done so completely independently!

Before we had met, Alexander wrote in support of my work:

“(This) is a very ambitious work directed at the foundations of normative judgments in economics. The author arrives at some conclusions very closely matching those I arrived at some years ago. It is clear, however, that Dr. Roy arrived at his conclusions completely independently. That is all the more piquant to me in that the philosophical underpinning of his work is the development of philosophy in England  from the later Wittgenstein, while mine derives principally from earlier work in the United States by the pragmatists and those who may loosely be called neo-pragmatists. A prominent Cambridge ethical philosopher of the early thirties referred to the United States as the place where moribund English philosophies were to be hailed as the latest thing. Now the most characteristically American philosophy seems to have arrived first by a wide margin at a position gaining wider acceptance in England as well as America.

Dr. Roy reveals a clear understanding of the methodological positivism that invaded economic policy analysis in the thirties and still dominates the literature of economics…. Following Renford Bambrough (Moral Scepticism and Moral Knowledge) he arrives at a position equivalent to that of the American pragmatists, especially Dewey, who insist that the problematic situation provides the starting point for the analysis of a problem even though there are no ultimate starting points. The methodological implication is the support of inquiry as fundamental, avoiding both scepticism and dogmatism. Roy develops his position with a great deal of attention to the ramifications of the problem both in philosophy and in economics….”

When we did meet, as he drove me around MIT in his car, Alexander joked how it used to be bad form in his time to make comparisons about a trio of pairs: Cambridge vs Cambridge, baseball vs cricket, and “American English” vs (what is now called) “British English”!

I asked whom he had referred to as the “prominent Cambridge ethical philosopher”, he said C D Broad and decades later I found Broad’s condescending passage

“… all good fallacies go to America when they die, and rise again as the latest discoveries of the local professors…” Five Types of Ethical Theory 1930, p. 55.

No wonder Alexander found “piquant” that I had reached via Wittgenstein and Bambrough an equivalent position to his own decades earlier via American pragmatism. [Besides by Alexander, a most perspicacious review of my book is by Karl Georg Zinn.]  

Within economics, Alexander and I were pirate ships blowing holes and permanently sinking the positivist Armada of “social choice theory” etc.  Amartya Sen arrived at Cambridge in 1953, the year Philosophical Investigations was published, two years after Wittgenstein’s death the year after Wittgenstein died. Professor Sen told me, in 2006, John Wisdom and C D Broad both knew him at the time, all at Trinity College; if anyone, Amartya Sen should have conveyed to Kenneth Arrow in America in the 1960s and 1970s the implications for economic theory of Wittgenstein’s later work. Instead I had to do so in 1989, Arrow graciously admitting when he read my book:

“I shall have to ponder your rejection of the Humean position which has, I suppose, been central in not only my thought but that of most economists. Candidly, I have never understood what late Wittgenstein was saying, but I have not worked very hard at his work, and perhaps your book will give guidance.””

Originally from 2011:

I heard from Mr Scott Peterson of Oregon,

“Dear Professor Roy, I have been reading your book *Philosophy of Economics* and happened to stumble on the following paper:’Public Finance Texts Cannot Justify Government Taxation’ Walter E. Block (Loyola University New Orleans, Joseph A. Butt, S.J. College of Business) has posted Public Finance Texts Cannot Justify Government Taxation: A Critique on SSRN. Here is the abstract: ‘In virtually all economic sub-disciplines, practitioners of the dismal science are exceedingly desirous of avoiding normative concerns, at least in principle. These are seen, and rightly so, as extremely treacherous. Being only human, they do sometimes stray off the path of positive analysis; but when they fall off the wagon in this manner, if at all, it is done relatively cautiously, and infrequently. There is one blatant exception to this general rule, however, and that is the field of public finance. Here, in sharp contrast to the usual practice, not only is normative economics embraced, it is done so with alacrity, and without apology. That is, most textbooks on the subject start off with one or several chapters which attempt to justify taxation on moral, efficiency, and other grounds. This occurs in no other field.’

When I read this I immediately thought of your discussion of the normative vs positive approaches in economics. Perhaps the exception economists make regarding public finance is that most economists’ paychecks come from the public sector.

Regards,

Scott Peterson

Dear Mr Peterson, Yes indeed. Thanks for the observation. Sidney Alexander and I are really the only ones who showed the basic logical contradictions caused by positivism having penetrated economics in the middle of the 20th Century. Are you at Facebook? Feel free to join me. Cordial regards, Suby Roy

“….Meanwhile, my main work within economic theory, the “Principia Economica” manuscript, was being read by the University of Chicago Press’s five or six anonymous referees. One of them pointed out my argument had been anticipated years earlier in the work of MIT’s Sidney Stuart Alexander. I had no idea of this and was surprised; of course I knew Professor Alexander’s work in balance of payments theory but not in this field. I went to visit Professor Alexander in Boston…. Professor Alexander was extremely gracious, and immediately declared with great generosity that it was clear to him my arguments in “Principia Economica” had been developed entirely independently of his work. He had come at the problem from an American philosophical tradition of Dewey, I had done so from a British tradition of Wittgenstein. (CS Peirce was probably the bridge between the two.) He and I had arrived at some similar conclusions but we had done so completely independently.”

Professor Alexander, contemporary of PA Samuelson, tutor of RM Solow and many others, deserves far greater attention, and I will do what I can towards that.  He introduced me briefly to his MIT colleague Lester Thurow and I sent an email some time ago to Professor Thurow suggesting MIT should try to remember him better.

Furthermore…. (12 August 2013)… as Karl Georg Zinn observed in his perspicacious review:

“Either all of positive economics is attacked with just as much scepticism as anything in normative economics, or we accept one and reject the other when instead there are reasons to think they share the same ultimate grounds and must be accepted or rejected together”(p.47).

Outline of a Marxist/Friedmanian theory for India/Pakistan/Bangladesh etc, even perhaps China too (except the Marxists will not find it)…

I should admit I think there is a Marxist theory for India/Pakistan/Bangladesh etc (perhaps including China) yet to be written except it will never get written by any Marxist as they tend to be innocent of all normal economics; it has to do really with Marx’s idea of a vast indeed unlimited ‘reserve army of labour’ in the rural areas which through migration keeps the general structure of wages low throughout the economy, and hence allows the technologically advanced “leading”/comprador sectors to be attractive to the outside world and hence generate scarce foreign exchange, which is then controlled quantitatively in its expenditure to pay for weapons’ imports, shopping malls, elite consumption etc. while a debauched local currency is made to preside over the abysmal and unreformed public finances…. It is a steady-state equilibrium that can continue indefinitely as the land is fertile enough and the climate agreeable enough for the rural poor to always have subsistence wages sufficient for consumption, growth and reproduction… Just a thought…

On second thoughts, it is a Marxist/Friedmanian theory that I have outlined, as at its core is not merely the reserve army of labour but the distortions caused by an externally controlled and internally debauched money.


My 200 words on India’s Naxal guerrilla rebels that a “leading business magazine” invited but then found too hot to handle

April 26, 2010

“Public finances in India, state and Union, show appalling accounting and lack of transparency. Vast amounts of waste, fraud and malfeasance get hidden as a result. The Congress, BJP, official communists, socialists et al are all culpable for this situation having developed – over decades. So if you ask me, “Is the Indian state and polity in a healthy condition?” I would say no, it is pretty rotten. Well-informed, moneyed, mostly city-based special interest groups (especially including organised capital and organised labour) dominate government agendas at the cost of ill-informed, diffused masses of anonymous individual citizens ~ peasants, forest-dwellers, small businessmen, non-unionized workers, the destitute, etc. Demarcations of private, community and public property rights frequently remain fuzzy. Inflation causes non-paper assets to rise in value, encouraging land-grabs. And the fetish over purported growth-rates continues despite measurements being faulty, not reaching UN SNA standards, probably hiding increasing inequalities. India’s polity and economy are in poor shape for many millions of ordinary people. Armed rebellion, however, does not follow from this. Killing poor policemen and starting class-wars were failed Naxal tactics in the 1970s and remain so today. Naxals should put down their weapons and use Excel sheets and government accounting data instead.

Dr Subroto Roy, economist and adviser to Rajiv Gandhi 1990-1991.”


Maynard Keynes on How to Be a Good Economist

From Facebook, April 11, 2011

Since the name of Keynes is back to being used somewhat in vain around the world, it may be appropriate to recall Maynard Keynes’s description of his own role-model as an economist, his master Alfred Marshall.

“The study of economics does not seem to require any specialised gifts of an unusually high order.  Is it not, intellectually regarded, a very easy subject compared with the higher branches of philosophy and pure science?  Yet good, or even competent, economists are the rarest of birds.  An easy subject , at which very few excel!  The paradox finds its explanation, perhaps, in that the master-economist must possess a rare *combination* of gifts.  He must reach a high standard in several different directions and must combine talents not often found together.  He must be mathematician, historian, statesman and philosopher — in some degree. He must understand symbols and speak in words. He must contemplate the particular in terms of the general, and touch abstract and concrete in the same flight of thought. He must study the present in the light of the past for the purposes of the future. No part of man’s nature or his institutions must lie entirely outside his regard. He must be purposeful and disinterested in a simultaneous mood: as aloof and incorruptible as an artist, yet sometimes as near the earth as a politician.”

JM Keynes “Alfred Marshall, 1842-1924” in Memorials of Alfred Marshal, edited by AC Pigou, 1925, p. 12.

Keynes himself was trained as and always thought like a mathematician, though he invariably spoke in words about practical realities. Marshall was his master, and so too, to a lesser extent, was his father, Neville Keynes.

I came to quote Keynes’s statement in Chapter 9 “Mathematical Economics and Reality” of my 1989 book *Philosophy of Economics*...

 

Two Different Models for India’s Political Economy: Mine & Dr Manmohan Singh’s (Updated 2013)

see

https://independentindian.com/2013/05/19/cambridge-economics-the-disputation-in-indias-economic-policy/

https://independentindian.com/2013/08/23/did-jagdish-bhagwati-originate-pioneer-intellectually-father-indias-1991-economic-reform-did-manmohan-singh-or-did-i-through-my-encounter-with-rajiv-gandhi-just-as-siddhartha-shan/

https://independentindian.com/2009/06/12/mistaken-macroeconomics-an-open-letter-to-prime-minister-dr-manmohan-singh/

From Facebook

February 24 2011

Subroto Roy does not know if he just heard Manmohan Singh say “inflation will soon come down” — excuse me Dr Singh, but how was it you and all your acolytes uniformly said back in July 2010 that inflation would be down to 6% by Dec 2010? 6%?! 16% more likely! I said. Until he explains his previous error, we may suppose he will repeat it.

January 11 2011:

Subroto Roy can stop the Indian inflation and bring integrity to the currency over time, and Manmohan Singh and his advisers cannot (because they have the wrong economic models/theories/data etc and refuse to change), but then they would have to make me a Minister and I keep getting reminded of what Groucho Marx said about clubs that would have him.

Subroto Roy does not think Dr Manmohan Singh or his acolytes and advisers, or his Finance Minister and his acolytes and advisers, understand Indian inflation. If you do not understand something, you are not likely to change it.

March 6 2010:

Subroto Roy  says the central difference between the Subroto Roy Model for India as described in 1990-1991 to Rajiv Gandhi in his last months, and the Manmohan Singh Model for India that has developed since Rajiv’s assassination, is that by my model, India’s money and public finances would have acquired integrity enough for the Indian Rupee to have become a hard currency of the world economy by now, allowing all one billion Indians access to foreign exchange and precious metals freely, whereas by the model of Dr Singh and his countless supporters, India’s money and public finance remain subject to government misuse and abuse, and access to foreign exchange remains available principally to politicians, bureaucrats, big business and its influential lobbyists, the military, as well as perhaps ten or twenty million nomenclatura in the metropolitan cities.

April 8 2010:

Subroto Roy notes a different way of stating his cardinal difference with the economics of Dr Manmohan Singh’s Govt: in their economics, foreign exchange is “made available” by the GoI for “business and personal uses”. That is different from my economics of aiming for all one billion Indians to have a money that has some integrity, i.e., a rupee that becomes a hard currency of the world economy. (Ditto incidentally with the PRC.)

 

Updates:

From Facebook:

Subroto Roy  reads in *Newsweek* today  (Aug 19) Manmohan Singh “engineered the transition from stagnant socialism to a spectacular takeoff”.  This contradicts my experience with Rajiv Gandhi at 10 Janpath in 1990-91. Dr Singh had not returned to India from his years with Julius Nyerere in his final assignment before retiring from the bureaucracy when Rajiv and I first met on 18 September 1990.

“After (Rajiv Gandhi’s) assassination, the comprador business press credited Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh with having originated the 1991 economic reform.  In May 2002, however, the Congress Party itself passed a resolution proposed by Digvijay Singh explicitly stating Rajiv and not either of them was to be so credited… There is no evidence Dr Singh or his acolytes were committed to any economic liberalism prior to 1991 and scant evidence they have originated liberal economic ideas for India afterwards. Precisely because they represented the decrepit old intellectual order of statist ”Ma-Bap Sarkari” policy-making, they were not asked in the mid-1980s to be part of a “perestroika-for-India” project done at a foreign university ~ the results of which were received…by Rajiv Gandhi in hand at 10 Janpath on 18 September 1990 and specifically sparked the change in the direction of his economic thinking…”

Subroto Roy notes that current Indian public policy discussion has thus far failed to realise that the rise in money prices of real goods and services is the same as the fall in the real value of money.

Subroto Roy  is interested to hear Mr Jaitley say in Parliament today the credibility of Government economists is at stake. Of course it is. There has been far too much greed and mendacity all around, besides sheer ignorance. (When I taught for a year or so at the Delhi School of Economics as a 22 year old Visiting Assistant Professor in 1977-78, I was told Mr Jaitley was in the law school and a student leader of note. I though was more interested in teaching the usefulness of Roy Radner’s “information structures” in a course on “advanced economic theory”.)

 

 

 

 

July 31 2010

Subroto Roy reads in today’s pink business newspaper the GoI’s debt level at Rs 38 trillion & three large states (WB, MH, UP) is at Rs 6 trillion, add another 18 for all other large states together, another 5 for all small states & 3 for errors and omissions, making my One Minute Estimate of India’s Public Debt Stock Rs 70 trillion (70 lakh crores). Interest payments at, say, 9%, keep the banking system afloat, extracting oxygen from the public finances like a cyanide capsule.

July 28 2010

Subroto Roy observes Parliament to be discussing Indian inflation but expects a solution will not be found until the problem has been comprehended.

July 27 2010:

Subroto Roy continues to weep at New Delhi’s continual debauching of the rupee.

July 25 2010:

Subroto Roy  has no idea why Dr Manmohan Singh has himself (along with all his acolytes and flatterers in the Government and media and big business), gone about predicting Indian inflation will fall to 6% by December. 16% may be a more likely figure given a public debt at Rs 40 trillion perhaps plus money supply growth above 20%! (Of course, the higher the figure the Government admits, the more it has to pay in dearness allowance to those poor unionized unfortunates known as Government employees, so perhaps the official misunderestimation (sic) of Indian inflation is a strategy of public finance!)

July 12 2010:

Subroto Roy is amused to read Dr Manmohan Singh’s Chief Acolyte say in today’s pink business newspaper how important accounting is in project-appraisal — does the sinner repent after almost single-handedly helping to ruin project-appraisal  & government accounting & macroeconomic planning over decades?  I  rather doubt it.   For myself, I am amused to see chastity now being suddenly preached from within you-know-where.

July 4 2010:

Subroto Roy does not think the Rs 90 billion (mostly in foreign exchange) spent by the Manmohan Singh Government on New Delhi’s “Indira Gandhi International Airport Terminal 3” is conducive to the welfare of the common man (“aam admi”) who travels, if at all, mostly within India and by rail.

Subroto Roy hears Dr Manmohan Singh say yesterday “Global economic recession did not have much impact on us as it had on other countries”. Of course it didn’t. I had said India was hardly affected but for a collapse of exports & some fall in foreign investment. Why did he & his acolytes then waste vast public resources claiming they were rescuing India using a purported Keynesian fiscal “stimulus” (aka corporate/lobbyist pork)?

May 26 2010:

Subroto Roy  would like to know how & when Dr Manmohan Singh will assess he has finished the task/assignment he thinks has been assigned to him & finally retire from his post-retirement career: when his Chief Acolyte declares on TV that 10% real GDP growth has been reached? (Excuse me, but is that per capita? And about those inequalities….?)

On Applying Disraeli’s “Two Nations” of Victorian England to Modern India: Roy & James, Rajiv, Rahul & Manmohan (now in pdf 2022)

From Subroto Roy & WE James’s Introduction 1989-1990 to Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s now in pdf, published by Sage 1992, received by Rajiv Gandhi on September 1990 in manuscript form.

“Finally, no discussion of the subcontinent’s political economy can ignore the fact of the monumental poverty of external goods on the part of a vast population, in contrast with a fairly large class of people with adequate livelihoods, in turn contrasting with small islands of indolence and conspicuous consumption.  Benjamin Disraeli said of Victorian England that it consisted of two nations.  The Indian subcontinent today consists in many respects of two nations living side by side, the real division being much less longitudinal on religious or communal lines (as intended by Muslim separatists at the time of Partition and Hindu imperialists today) as it is latitudinal on class lines between “bhadralok” and “janata”, middle class and working classes, bourgeoisie and masses, “nomenclatura” and proletariat.  The sheer numbers can justify speaking of whole nations, the janata in India alone consisting of something like seven hundred million people, the bhadralok of one hundred and fifty million.  The Indian bhadralok on their own constitute one of the largest nations on earth.

The bhadralok are not to be distinguished from the janata by any self-styled civility, nor is there any inevitable conflict which will lead to the victory of one and decimation of the other, nor is it that one derives its income from productive effort or enterprise and the other does not.  A more effective criterion by which to distinguish the two nations of India may have to do not with work but with leisure, as well as with the kind of capital that comes to be inherited over time. The janata are the unleisured nation of India, people who mostly due to the meagreness of their initial resources come to possess little or no leisure in the course of their lifetimes.  They are scattered and illiterate, without connections in high places, often too involved with the hardships of daily life to care for much else.  They eat and sleep to maintain the minimum energy needed to survive, reproduce and send their children to school or work, travelling through life day by day and week by week.  They may have some short time devoted to religion or entertainment, but life is too often too hard, not so much without happiness or culture as without much time for either.  Expectations of what life has to offer may be unambitious and yet successful.

Inequality from an economic point of view may consist of the fact that the poor do not inherit any leisure from the past.  They do not inherit the savings of their parents and ancestors because most did not have parents and ancestors who had any savings to leave behind.  Capital and the income it generates, and the consumption which such income makes possible, are among the most subtle notions of political economy.  As a rough approximation, if we distinguish between human capital, physical and financial capital, and social and political capital, it may be said that the inheritance of economic inequality in India may consist of the inheritance of economic inequality in India may consist of the inheritance by the janata of no form of capital except their own stock of human capital. There is little or no inheritance from parents of savings or any other form of capital.  Hence the janata are also the “garib lok”, the masses are also the poor folk.

By contrast the bhadralok are also the leisured nation of the subcontinent, with the time and inclination to praise or decry the state of the culture or the economy or the prime minister, to visit or return from the outside world (“baahar”) to the subcontinent or vice versa, to take a walk in the morning or a nap in the afternoon, to express compassion for or embarrassment about the existence of the janata (especially in relation to the foreigner since the bhadralok have to explain both their privileged position relative to the janata and their often underprivileged position relative to the foreigner with whom they desire to consort), to study the janata or lead them in revolution or take measurements of them, and to read, write, edit or publish books such as this one.  The bhadralok are the “respectable people” of the subcontinent, with names, family histories and reputations, literate and often highly educated, bilingual at least, with an inheritance of or illusions about acknowledged places in society.  They inherit from their parents and save for their children physical and financial capital, invest in their human capital, and bestow to them as much social and political capital as they can.  The mercantile and industrial bhadralok own and transfer to their children relatively more physical and financial capital, while the managerial, administrative and professional bhadralok may transfer relatively more social and political capital.  At the apex of both groups is an elite amounting to a few million people, united perhaps by their membership or attempted membership of the post-British social clubs and centres of intellectualism, or foreign universities and the lower middle classes of Britain and North America.

What may be expected in the long run is mobility between the two nations and in both directions.  Through indolence or bad luck, families can fall by a half or a third of a social class each generation, or move in the opposite direction through chance or cunning or enterprise and effort.  It is an essential feature of mass economic development that there will be net mobility upwards in the long run, and an attendant breakdown of social barriers and the gradual assimilation of classes and castes into one another.  Contrary to an assumption of the working classes being united in their despair and contempt for the middle class, and motivated in their desire to bloodily dispose of them, it may be more accurate to say that what unleisured people want most (after employment, food, shelter and clothing) is what they value most at the margin, namely, leisure.  What the working classes desire most may be something like the kind of life as the bourgeoisie.  Let aside there being a potential or open conflict arising from the janata against the bhadralok, the truth of the matter could be there is a desire of the janata to have at least some leisure like the bhadralok.

If this is an accurate assumption, the main source of conflict between the two nations of India or the subcontinent could be different from what is often supposed by many people.  Instead of being revolutionary in nature and deriving from below, the source may be reactionary in nature and amount to resistance from the top.  Like all cartels, the bhadralok may want to preserve their numbers and not look with favour at the prospect of large-scale mass economic development, entailing as this will greater competition on all fronts, the erosion of privilege, the breakdown of social barriers and the assimilation of classes into one another.

The Jacobin/Bolshevik/Maoist method of reducing inequalities was to expropriate physical and financial capital, and decimate social and political capital and all that stands in the way of such destruction.  The upheaval and chaos of such blood-letting leaves a new order which is, or seems, for a moment, more egalitarian than the regime it replaces.  But it also leaves a society without knowledge of its past, alternately enervated by its present and terrified of its future.  Recovery from such a state of near social death has been long and hard and painful, where it has happened at all.  Despite the wishes of a few, India does not seem likely to experience such social death on a national scale, although the temporary effects of terrorism and civil chaos in pockets of the country would seem to be similar.

A more far-sighted method would be by the creation of capital for the janata to increase their sources of income and consumption and thereby reduce the inequality of wealth and political power.  It would mean investment in the only form of capital that the janata have: their own human capital.  It would mean fundamentally a change of focus away from the theoretical and grandiose in the drawing-rooms and corridors of New Delhi (and Washington), and towards the simple and commonsensical: stopping the wastage of the tax-resources; making the currency sound at home and abroad; redirecting public investment towards public goods such as civil justice, roads, fresh water and sanitation; and fostering a civilized rural life, built around village schools with blackboards and chalk, with playgrounds and libraries and hot meals, with all-weather buildings and all-weather roads to their doors.

India today resembles a kind of gigantic closed city with high walls and few gates.  Within the walls are concurrently represented many different ages in the history of man, from pre-historic and early Aryan, to medieval and Moghul, to Dickensian and American, the members of each age having some common and some individual sets of life-expectations, yet all being due to enter the next century together. Outside is the rest of human civilization, as well as the free circulation of gold and foreign exchange.  Nearabouts the gates of the city, and with ability to travel in and out, are the few million of the elite.  If the walls of the city are to be knocked down or at least if the gates opened and kept wide open, it will have to be the elite who do this or consent to have it done.

If it is done properly, after adequate preparation of the economic and political expectations of citizens, there may be many positive results, not only for the economy but also for the culture and civilization of the subcontinent as a whole. The free flow of ideas and opportunities across national borders; the freedom to travel in the world; the free movement of goods and capital; the freedom to save one’s tangible wealth, small as this may be, in whatever form or currency one considers best — these are fundamentally important freedoms which have been denied to most of the people of the subcontinent thus far and yet are taken for granted elsewhere in the world.  There seems little reason to doubt that if such freedoms come to be gradually exercised by the janata there would be a permanent trend of increase in mass income and consumption.

Yet there are genuine questions of sovereignty which have to be anticipated as well.  The consequences of a true opening are not fully or easily foreseeable.  The prompt arrival of new East India Companies may be expected.  Will there be enough competition between them?  Or will the elite come to be further subverted, taking the first Indian Republic with it?  After the long experience of foreign rule and nationalism and independent democracy, is the Indian polity mature enough to survive and gain from such an opening, or will it collapse once again as it did in the eighteenth century?  The spectres of Plassey and Avadh must haunt every Indian nationalist, even as the hopes of a free economy and a progressive culture and an open civilization, beckon from the future.  Is it a silent and implicit fear of this sort which constitutes the only possible rational barrier to greater freedom?  Has the continued poverty been, in effect, the cost of nationalism?  These are hard questions to which answers may not be found easily. It is hoped by the editors that the present volume may engage the citizens and friends of India to reflect upon them….”

From Facebook 7 Sep 2010:

Rajiv Gandhi received this book in manuscript form in hand from me on Sep 18 1990, and it contributed to the origins of India’s 1991 economic reform as has been described elsewhere.  I am delighted to hear his son Rahul has in the last few days also been referring to India as “Two Nations”, rich and poor.  Dr Manmohan Singh received the book itself in hand from me at the Indian Ambassador’s Residence in Washington in Sepember 1993; I am glad to see he too has yesterday mentioned the same “Two Nations” theory that I had applied from Disraeli’s book about Victorian England.

 

 

Did the GoI’s MoF’s CEA certify India’s fiscal health yesterday? If so, it is a mistaken certificate

From Facebook:

Subroto Roy reads that Dr Kaushik Basu, Chief Economic Adviser to the Finance Ministry of the Manmohan Singh Government, has “expressed great confidence in the fiscal health of the economy” and says to Kaushik:

You are unaware of that of which you wish to speak.

(Yet Another) Memo to Dr Kaushik Basu

Dear Kaushik,

Apropos your reported predictions, I have had to say at Facebook:

Subroto Roy  is appalled the GoI’s Chief Economic Adviser has declared (as the PM and the PM’s Chief Acolyte had  declared in earlier months) that prices are trending downwards stochastically but amused that at least a stochastic (“fluctuating”) trend got mentioned.

Governor Subbarao has been set a small challenge the other day to release asap for public scrutiny the comprehensive macroeconomic model he says he believes the RBI has — which may be  hard if no such model may exist at the RBI.   Nor does your Ministry or anyone else in New Delhi have such a model.  So what is the Government’s precise scientific basis for predicting a slowing of inflation?  Nothing at all?

The Government needs to begin to try to understand that inflation does not slow down in circumstances where real public debt per capita and money supply have been growing exponentially for decades — to the contrary, inflation tends to rise to dangerous heights!  Debauching of  fiat money would hardly have been allowed if the rupee was a hard currency because we would have seen an honest exchange-rate crashing through the floor with this kind of inflationary finance the Government has given us over the decades. There is, sad to say, zero chance of the rupee becoming a hard currency that all one billion Indians may feel confident about so long as such inflationary finance continues unabated.

Cordially yours

Suby

A Small Challenge to the RBI’s Governor Subbarao

The Hon’ble Gov of the Reserve Bank of India Shri D Subbarao

Dear Governor Subbarao,

You said yesterday, April 20 2010, that the Reserve Bank of India has a macroeconomic model which it uses but which you had personally not seen.

I have given two lectures at your august offices, one by invitation of Governor Jalan and Deputy Governor Reddy on April 29 2000 to address the Conference of State Finance Secretaries, the other on May 5 2005 to  address the Chief Economist’s Monetary Economics Seminar.  On both occasions, I had inquired of the RBI’s own models by which I could contrast my own but came to understand there were none.

If since then the RBI has now constructed a macroeconomic model of India’s economy, it is splendid news.

May I request the model be released publicly on the Internet at once, so its specifications of endogenous and exogenous variables, assumed coefficients, and sources of time-series data all may be seen by everyone in the country and abroad?  Scientific scrutiny and replication of results would thus come to be permitted.

I would be especially interested to know the demand for money function that you have used.   I well remember my meeting with the late great Sukhamoy Chakravarty on July 14 1987 at his Planning Commission offices, when he signed and gifted me his last personal copy of the famous Reserve Bank report by the committee he had chaired  and  of which he told me personally Dr Rangarajan had been the key author – that report may have contained the first official discussion of the demand for money function in India.

With cordial regards

Subroto Roy

A New Drachma? Thinking further on the need for a new Greek domestic currency to revive trade: Is the Greek/German Eurozone problem the mathematical dual of Gresham’s Law?

from Twitter 2015 June July

 

What is my argument against € in #Greece= #grexit? It’s that Greeks didn’t need a hard world currency to turnover their real transactions… Eg suppose everyone in India was compelled to use grains of gold to buy fish or veg in the mkt or to get a haircut: mightn’t trade slow down? even if a barber gives you a haircut and accepts a grain or two of gold in exchange, he may then *hoard* that, not use it in further trade… would you use grains of gold in India to get a haircut or buy fish? if forced to,Velocityof Circulation would slow…

People would tend to hoard the gold, liquidate assets to acquire it, wait to see how things went…rather than actually trade as they used to..

My surmise has been Greeks who had assets & could liquidate did so, gaining windfall profits, then leaving/emigrating…hedging their bets..

The public debt left for those w/o assets…meanwhile velocity of circulation of the currency slowed, domestic trade& hence income collapsed.

 

From Facebook discussions:

March 2010:  …My view on Greece appears different. In my view, a transition to a new Drachma will be drastic but will not be any more catastrophic than the present trap Greece has put itself in.

The current path makes a fetish of the fiscal side when the problem at root has been monetary, arising from a purported monetary union, a *superficial* monetary union being created, when there were wildly different underlying fiscal histories and fiscal propensities and preferences.

Money has two main functions, being a medium of exchange and a store of value; the Euro has become too (implicitly) expensive for Greeks to be an effective medium of exchange, while the threat of a Greek default makes the Euro a risky store of value for Germans, Dutch et al. Greeks would have been hoarding Euros, reducing the velocity of circulation, and causing domestic trade to turnover more slowly and hence damaging national income; at the same time, others would have been wondering about a flight to safety outside the Euro. Introducing a soft inconvertible domestic money in Greece would allow the medium of exchange function to be fulfilled and revive domestic trade and income; it would have to be accompanied by exchange and import controls, leaving the Euro as a hard currency for external transactions. The present route being followed of trying to improve Greece’s fiscal situation by compulsion may worsen the situation without any new equilibrium path being anywhere near to be found.

The aim is to have a soft flexible inconvertible domestic currency *which facilitates, indeed stimulates, the turnover of domestic trade*, and allows equilibrium domestic relative prices to be found and adjusted towards. There would have to be a

(a) clamping down overnight on capital exports followed by forex rationing;
(b) closing the trade borders and imposing import controls (smuggling is inevitable);
(c) deciding a new price for the Drachma, say something like 500 or 1000 to the Euro (the aim is for equilibrium domestic relative prices to be adjusted towards and for domestic trade to turnover properly and expeditiously and indeed stop its collapse);
(d) exchanging all forex/Euro-denominated financial assets held by domestic residents to New Drachma-denominations at the new rate automatically;
(e) Euro-denominated liabilities incurred by domestic residents remain Euro-denominated: if it is the Government, they can negotiate how much or all if it they will repay over time; if it is private, private assets may be converted to pay it and/or there will be individual defaults or delays (restructuring) or write-offs.
(f) Exchanging all cash forex/Euro held by domestic residents to New Drachmas, through “licensed authorised dealers” as well as e.g. by ordering all commercial establishments to give New Drachma change in transactions.

Would Greece have “left the Euro”? Yes and No. It would not be part of the Euro Area but the New Drachma would be a Euro-standard currency where the Government guaranteed to buy up all Euro held by domestic residents at the fixed price in exchange for New Drachmas and held its forex reserves in Euros.

I have spent decades arguing *against* all this in the Indian case but have to say it is what Greece may need now, for a period of adjustment of half a dozen or so years.

Is the Greek/German Eurozone problem the mathematical dual of Gresham’s Law?
17 October 2011 
 
Money according to economic theory has two main functions, namely, being a medium of exchange and a store of value; I have been saying that I think the Euro has become too (implicitly) expensive for Greeks to be an effective medium of exchange, while the threat of a Greek default would make the Euro a risky store of value for Germans, Danes et al. If I am right, Greeks would have been hoarding Euros, reducing the velocity of circulation, and causing domestic trade to turnover more slowly and hence damaging national income; at the same time, the Germans, Danes et al would have been wondering about a flight to safety outside the Euro. Some young mathematical economist may take my idea and develop it it intelligently as the *dual* problem to Gresham’s law http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham%27s_law inasmuch as weak fiscal positions are causing, through a common money, stronger fiscal positions to weaken…
 
Addendum Oct 25 2011
My guess has been the Euro has become a de facto hard currency for Greeks, who will then hoard it and slow the velocity of circulation, damaging the turnover of normal domestic trade and hence damaging national income; i.e. it has become too expensive as a currency to properly fulfill the medium of exchange function of money in Greece; at the same time, Germans, Dutch and others in fiscally strong economies relatively have to account for the added risk of Greek infirmity and hence find the Euro less of a store of value than otherwise, causing incentives to flee to other denominations. Introducing a soft inconvertible domestic money in Greece would allow the medium of exchange function to be fulfilled and revive domestic trade and income; it would have to be accompanied by exchange and import controls, leaving the Euro as a hard currency for external transactions. The present route being followed of trying to improve Greece’s fiscal situation by compulsion may well worsen the situation without any new equilibrium path being anywhere near to be found.
 

Thinking further on the need for a new Greek domestic currency to revive trade
16 September 2011 
 
Subroto Roy: Re  “it is still not clear what will actually happen”, what will happen is there will be an inevitable recognition that the introduction of the Euro was premature, probably irreversible, and likely to be catastrophic as it unwinds.
 
Edward Hugh Yes, well…. and apart from that little detail Suby, what else do you forsee. I absolutely agree, by the way, that these madmen (and women) have taken the global economy to the brink of disaster through their inability to listen.
 
Maria Tadd When words like catastrophic are used, they obviously send fear into the hearts of many. Suby and Ed, how do you envision the fall out to look like?
 
Subroto Roy    There has to be a clear way out for a currency to exit; that has never been thought out beforehand; creating a monetary union is the *final* step from a free trade area to a customs union to an economic union to a monetary union.  A purported monetary union, or rather a *superficial* monetary union was created, when there were wildly different underlying fiscal histories and fiscal propensities and preferences. Now Greece needs, as I have said over two years, an inexpensive inconvertible domestic money which allows domestic trade and savings to take place normally; the Euro would have to become a hard currency for external use.
 
Edward Hugh Do you mean like what has been happening in Croatia Suby?
Subroto Roy I am afraid I have to admit ignorance of Europe’s facts, what I am working on is my (quite sound) knowledge of monetary economics acquired from Hahn, Friedman, Walters, ACL Day, Griffths, Hicks via Miller, etc. Thinking about Greece overnight: if the Euro has become a de facto hard currency there, its velocity of circulation will fall as people tend to hoard it, causing domestic transactions & trade and hence national income to fall too; hence further the need for an inexpensive domestic currency (under capital controls) for domestic trade and transactions to be revived.
 
(Capital controls imply import restrictions and the rationing of foreign exchange so Greeks will not be big tourists in the rest of the world for a while but what the heck they have so much to see in their own country.)
 
 
Oct 3 2011:
 
“What I have said for two years now is that Greece needs to introduce a soft inconvertible domestic money to facilitate domestic trade and revive growth; it would have to be accompanied by import controls and forex rationing with the Euro becoming a hard currency in Greece for external transactions. Why? Because the Euro has probably become a de facto hard currency for Greeks who would then tend to hoard it, slowing velocity of circulation and causing domestic transactions to be reduced. (At the same time, Germans, Danes and others have an incentive to leave the Euro for the safety of some other hard currency in view of a possible Greek default.) Money has two main functions, being a store of value and a medium of exchange. In present circumstances, the Euro is becoming a dubious store of value for the Germans et al while becoming too scarce to be a proper medium of exchange for the Greeks. All this is good standard monetary economics, which no one in the ECB, IMF, financial journalism etc somehow seems to be able to recall. Instead they have made a fetish of the fiscal side, and that is destined to neither address the root problem nor to bring civil peace….”

My “Reverse Euro” Model of June 1998, and my writings on a new money for Greece: letter to the Wolfson Economics Prize donors by Subroto Roy on Thursday, 20 October 2011 at 18:51 ·
 

Hello,
In June 1998, I gave an invited lecture at the Institute of Economic Affairs on a “Reverse Euro” model for India, i.e., on how India could and should consider creating (under certain conditions) more than a dozen state-monies to coexist with a national currency too in the interests of a better fisc and some slight pretence to monetary integrity. In doing so, I also expressed my very grave foreboding about what the Euro was intended to be doing the following year in actual practice in Europe; I remember visiting a prominent British  Euro-optimist too and making my argument in contrast about the Euro’s arrival.

Subsequently, Milton Friedman and I corresponded too about my idea, and he found merit in it in describing an exit route for, he said, Italy for example, if that country needed such an exit route given its fiscal condition to depart from the Euro in due course. I also talked briefly about the subject at an invited lecture at the Reserve Bank of India in April 2000, as well as elsewhere.

Over the last two years, I have (and I think was the first to do so) suggested Greece needs a New Drachma, and how this should be gone about.  This has been outlined by me with many economists informally by email, as well as discussed at Facebook at some length.

I have little doubt what I am saying is broadly right — in the sense that it is the most consistent with the formal body of economic theory known as monetary economics.  I was taught monetary economics very well in the mid 1970s at the LSE by, for example, ACL Day, Alan Walters, Brian Griffiths, Marcus Miller (a student of JR Hicks) and others which came to be followed by my doctoral dissertation at Cambridge under Frank Hahn, and postdoctoral work in America with Jim Buchanan.  Plus Milton Friedman became a friend and stood for me as an expert witness in a US federal court (the only time he ever did that)!  My most recent work is a book edited with John Clark titled Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution: How it Happened and What it Meant published by Continuum in 2005 — that has an essay relevant to this subject commissioned by us and done by Patrick Minford of Cardiff.

So I do plan to write something for your prize but whatever I do write will not be worth the vast sum of money you are offering — in fact, I would say you need to break it up into little bits in due course and parcel it out to the most fruitful ideas.  The fox knows many things but the hedgehog knows one big thing… This is a fox problem, not a hedgehog one.  Perhaps you should commission a journal or a multi-essay volume or a set of volumes or monographs rather than hand out one big cheque to someone who will not deserve it. (And please say no more about the moneys the Bank of Sweden gives away every year in the name of the advancement of knowledge in economics…)  

The problem you have raised is a fundamental one and should have been raised decades ago, not merely by Eurosceptics in the occasional lecture or newspaper article but in many formal academic doctoral theses and journals all over Europe, long before the Euro came to be introduced — and note that the jump from the unification of Germany (with the 1:1 DM:Ostmark problem) was less than a decade before that.  That did not happen.  So now your belated initiative is most welcome, better late than never, better something than nothing.

Do let me know please what else I need to know to send in my theoretical thoughts on this.

Cordially

Suby Roy

February 21 2012:

My idea has been far better (because it is based on standard monetary economics which the ECB, IMF etc bureaucrats appear to have all forgotten or never learnt) …

[Devaluation refers to exchange-rates. There are no exchange-rates, that is precisely the problem; exchange-rates are prices, and as such market signals. By getting rid of them, market signals were lost. The point I am making in my notes is that there is still an *implicit* shadow exchange-rate if you like, so the Euro being used in Greece actually has a different local price in terms of real goods and services than the same Euro being used in Germany!]

Hans Suter: A Drachma at a discount of 40% would certainly push tourism by a 20% ? That would be a 3 to 4% jump of GDP.)

Subroto Roy: A New Drachma can be at 0.1 of a Euro, or less. But at least *local* trade and business will be revived and slowly national income will grow. The Greeks will feel free and self-confident and sovereign. Yes they cannot buy any more BMWs or tour Paris or Italy any more. But they can go and visit the Taj Mahal and the Pyramids perhaps. [And they can take 100 years to repay their Euro debts instead of 50 years…]

Subroto Roy hears “If the Baltics can, then why not Greece?”, and says the Baltics are the Baltics, God Bless them, Greece is Greece… I have no idea about the Baltics. The closest I got to them was an Estonian friend in Helsinki many years ago. In Greece what I am saying is that the money that is being used, the Euro, is no longer a natural money, and for that matter, it never was a natural money — money and banking evolve naturally out of trade and commerce, and to truck, barter and exchange are natural human propensities. Creating a monetary union is the *final* step from a free trade area to a customs union to an economic union to a monetary union. A purported monetary union, or rather a *superficial* monetary union was created, when there were wildly different underlying fiscal histories and fiscal propensities and preferences. The Euro has been an artificial money that eradicated the vital market signalling function that exchange-rates played (since exchange-rates are prices). A new inconvertible soft domestic money for Greece would allow domestic transactions to turnover properly once more and hence revive trade and national income. Greece could still be “in” the Eurozone nominally in the sense of having a fixed exchange-rate with the Euro which would be used for external trade. But there would have to be capital controls and import controls and foreign exchange rationing. At least for a while, probably a long while. Greece’s Euro debt would take 100 years instead of 50 years to repay. But at least the Greeks would feel free and sovereign and self-confident again, and adjust to their domestic economic realities in peace.

From Facebook May 14 2012
Diran Majarian
“The big issue here is how to deal with the debt overhang after the drachma transition since this must apply to both assets and liabilities.”

Subroto Roy The New Drachma has to be an inconvertible soft currency and Greece has to have import controls and capital export controls. Euro denominated assets held by domestic residents become Drachma-denominated (at a fixed, not a market-determined rate, e.g. 1:500 or 1:1000); Euro-denominated liabilities incurred by domestic residents remain Euro-denominated: if it is the Government, they can negotiate how much or all if it they will repay over time; if it is private, private assets may be converted to pay it and/or there will be individual defaults or delays (restructuring) or write-offs.

May 14 2012
The famous Professor Wilhelm Buiter (Cambridge BA 1971, Yale PhD 1975) has said this? “The instant before Greece exits it (somehow) introduces a new currency (the New Drachma or ND, say). Assume for simplicity that at the moment of its introduction the exchange rate between the ND and the euro is 1 for 1. This currency then immediately depreciates sharply vis-à-vis the euro (by 40 percent seems a reasonable point estimate). All pre-existing financial instruments and contracts under Greek law are redenominated into ND at the 1 for 1 exchange rate. What this means is that, as soon as the possibility of a Greek exit becomes known, there will be a bank run in Greece and denial of further funding to any and all entities, private or public, through instruments and contracts under Greek law. Holders of existing euro-denominated contracts under Greek law want to avoid their conversion into ND and the subsequent sharp depreciation of the ND. The Greek banking system would be destroyed even before Greece had left the euro area”…

Excuse me? This from the Chief Economist at Citi bank and “Professor of European Political Economy” at my alma mater, the London School of Economics and Political Science? What a load of rubbish Professor Buiter! Whom did you learn your monetary economics from? OK, ok, I should be polite: what makes you think a 1:1 exchange-rate should be fixed? Why not 1:500? Or 1:1000? The aim is to have a soft flexible inconvertible domestic currency *which facilitates, indeed stimulates, the turnover of domestic trade*, and allows equilibrium domestic relative prices to be found and adjusted towards. And why should Greece default on its Euro debt?! It might merely take a little longer to repay it. The change in currency is a conceptually distinct problem from that of credit-worthiness. Here is what I have said instead over two years, and for free:

Reintroducing the New Drachma would require

(a) clamping down overnight on capital exports followed by forex rationing;
(b) closing the trade borders and imposing import controls;
(c) deciding a new price for the Drachma, I would say something like 500 or 1000 to the Euro (the aim is for equilibrium domestic relative prices to be adjusted towards and for domestic trade to turnover properly and expeditiously and indeed stop its collapse);
(d) exchanging all forex/Euro-denominated financial assets held by domestic residents to New Drachma-denominations at the new rate automatically;
(e) exchanging all cash forex/Euro held by domestic residents to New Drachmas, through “licensed authorised dealers” as well as e.g. by ordering all commercial establishments to give New Drachma change in transactions. Would Greece have “left the Euro”? Yes and No. It would not be part of the Euro Area but the New Drachma would be a Euro-standard currency where the Government guaranteed to buy up all Euro held by domestic residents at the fixed price in exchange for New Drachmas and held its forex reserves in Euros.

A New Drachma?
Facebook April 29 2010:
Subroto Roy thinks a New Drachma is inevitable sooner or later but remains deeply puzzled at the possible ways it may get reintroduced. The examples of such monetary reforms are all long gone from memory, in the immediate aftermath of WWII. It seems clear the Euro will become an increasingly scarce currency not suitable for fulfilling the normal medium of exchange function in domestic Greek transactions and will become a rationed hard currency under capital controls for external transactions only. It may already be hard or impossible to restrain a capital flight, perhaps underway. How will the actual transition be made? Perhaps by allowing Greek government debt denominated in a new local money, call it the New Drachma, to become tradeable? I said in my *Reverse Euro* model for India lecture in June 1998 at London’s IEA that the Eurozone could end up looking less like America’s monetary union than India’s.
 
April 8 2010:
Subroto Roy, reading “It is hard to know how to interpret this large decline in deposits”, says “Not really. The Euro is becoming a *scarce hard currency* in Greece, i.e., it is becoming too expensive to use Euros to satisfy Greece’s transactions demand for money, the medium of exchange function, hence Greece has an increasing need for a new local currency which will satisfy that function while the Euro is retained for use in Greece’s international transactions”.
 
Subroto Roy thinks the only sustainable long-term solution may be the reintroduction of a New Drachma, which will need time to stabilize behind a period of foreign exchange controls and rationing. The DM/FFr-based Euro would become a hard currency relative to a New Drachma.
 
March 24 2010:
Subroto Roy expects the US, Britain, ANZ and everyone else in the IMF who is not in the Eurozone may legitimately ask why the effective subsidy of Greece by its Eurozone partners should be transferred to the rest of the world.
Subroto Roy thinks the Europeans have enough clout in the IMF to, say, insist some of their own IMF-directed resources be directed towards Greece specifically, which would spell the unravelling of the IMF if it became a general habit.
 
Subroto Roy says “I had a very productive few months in 1993 as a high-level consultant working for Hubert Neiss at the IMF (consultants are, or at least were, very rare at the IMF unlike at the World Bank etc) when I came to understand a little of how the place works (leaving aside all the theory). The French Managing Director is a politician and not an economist or even a central banker, and I am sure France and Germany can swing some IMF money towards Greece. But of course, the IMF can by definition give no *monetary* or exchange-rate advice to Greece because there is no sovereign monetary authority in Greece any more. Hence all it can do is add the same fiscal (and political) advice and conditions as the rest of the Eurozone countries have done plus make the piggy bank larger with some IMF money. It may work once, but if France and Germany then say, right, Portugal, Spain, Italy are next in line, that is the end of the IMF, because its European members may as well be asked to pull out altogether. On the other hand, my radical advice to the IMF might have been to propose to help Greece to reintroduce the drachma and re-establish a sovereign monetary authority of its own, which would take IMF advice and expertise as a New Drachma would take time to stabilize and there would be a period of capital controls on foreign exchange transactions.”
 
Subroto Roy gave a Jun ’98 lecture at London’s IEA on why India should have a  *Reverse-Euro* model: eg 16 major states have their own (domestic) monies with a national rupee coexisting too & free currency markets everywhere. I said I feared a Eurozone may end up *looking like India* rather than the US in this. India has papered over wild fiscal mismanagement by the States by even wilder fiscal mismanagement by the Union!
 
Subroto Roy says Europe could have been a confederation & an economic union for practical purposes without individual monetary sovereignties being lost. E.g., the drachma or peso or escudo or punt or lira could each have chosen to appropriately link to some combination of the DM, FFR, sterling etc. And a Europe-wide Euro from an ECB could have coexisted as well.
 
Subroto Roy  finds Mr Constanzo mention Gresham’s Law, and says, “Certainly there might have been currency competition in Europe, and some of the smaller currencies may have chosen to go to *that* Euro — but DM would not have done, and would have been an alternative to it.”
 
Subroto Roy  thought imposing a single newly invented money on different economies a bit like imposing a single newly invented language (like Esperanto) on different peoples.
 
Subroto Roy  says India has papered over the wild fiscal mismanagement by the States by even wilder fiscal mismanagement by the Union!
 
Subroto Roy  thinks the effective subsidy French farmers et al were getting from Germany in pre-Euro days all came to be subsumed within Euro-economics; an alternative would have been to *leave* DM as it was, & perhaps FFR too, & to have introduced a Euro for smaller economies to use (presumably to save transactions costs);*that* Euro could have been linked to the DM etc. The Germans would have been happy & the problems avoided.
 
Subroto Roy  says German unification hit the Germans badly enough and they seem hardly in any mood to keep on playing Sugar-Daddy to everyone else while still having to defer to the putative victors of WWII (France and Britain) for political leadership.
 

Notes on Macroeconomics and India

Dr Kaushik Basu, Chief Economic Adviser, Ministry of Finance

Hello Kaushik,

Long time no see.  Happy Holi 2010.

I was glad to see the phrase “the relatively neglected subject of the micro-foundations of macroeconomic policy” mentioned in Chapter 2 of your document for the GoI a few days ago.

But I am unable to see what you could mean by it  because your chapter  seems devoid of any reference  or   allusion to the vast  discussion over decades of the  subject known as the “microeconomic foundations of macroeconomics”. Namely, the attempt to integrate the theory of value (microeconomics) with the theory of money (macroeconomics); or alternatively, the attempt to comprehend aggregate variables like Consumption, Savings, Investment, the Demand for & Supply of Money etc in conceptual terms rooted in theories of constrained optimization by masses of individual people.

It is not an easy task.  Keynes made no explicit attempt at it (recall Joan Robinson’s famous quip) and probably did not have time or patience to try.  Hicks and Patinkin failed, though after valiant efforts.  The modern period on this work began with Clower and Leijonhufvud, followed by the French (like Grandmont), and especially Frank Hahn.   Hahn’s 1976 IMSSS paper “Keynesian Economics and General Equilibrium Theory” is the survey to read, viz., Equilibrium and Macroeconomics and Money, Stability and Growth as well as of course Arrow & Hahn’s General Competitive Analysis.  You may agree that the general theory of value culminated in an important sense in the Arrow-Debreu model of the 1950s — yet that is something in which no money, and hence no macroeconomics, needs to or can really appear.  The hard part is to develop macroeconomic models for policy-discussion which allow for money and public finance while still making some pretence of being rooted in a theory of constrained optimization by individuals, i.e., in microeconomic behaviour.  (E  Roy Weintraub wrote a textbook with “Microfoundations” in its title.)

In the Indian case, I tried to do a little in my Cambridge PhD thesis thirty years ago: “a full frontal assault from the point of view of microeconomic theory on the ‘development planning’ to which everyone routinely declared their fidelity, from New Delhi’s bureaucrats and Oxford’s ‘development’ school to McNamara’s World Bank with its Indian staffers”.    Frank Hahn was very kind to say he thought my “critique of Development Economics was powerful not only on methodological but also on economic theory grounds”.  Some of the results appeared in my December 1982 talk to the AEA’s NYC meetings “Economic Theory & Development Economics” (World Development 1983), and in my 1984 monograph with London’s IEA.  Dr Manmohan Singh received a copy of the latter work in 1986, as well as, in 1993, a published copy of a work presented to Rajiv Gandhi in 1990, Foundations of India’s Political  Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s.

I am glad to see from your Chapter 2 that the GoI now seems to agree with what I had said in 1984 of the need for systems that “locally include direct subsidies to those (whether in rural or urban areas) who are unable to provide any income for themselves…” Your material on the “enabling State” would also find much support in what I said there about the functions of civil government and the need for better, not necessarily more, government. On the other hand, your reliance on the very expensive (Rs.19 billion this year!)  Nandan Nilekani Numbering idea is odd as there seem to me to be insurmountable “incentive-compatibility” problems with that project no matter how much gets spent on it.

Returning to possible “microfoundations of macroeconomics” relevant to the Indian case, you may find of interest

“India’s Macroeconomics” (2007)

“Fiscal Instability” (2007)

“Fallacious Finance” (2007)

“Monetary Integrity and the Rupee” (2008)

“Growth and Government Delusion” (2008)

“India in World Trade & Payments” (2007)

“Our Policy Process” (2007)

“Indian Money and Credit” (2006)

“Indian Money and Banking” (2006)

“Indian Inflation” (2008)

“Growth of Real Income, Money & Prices in India 1869-2004” (2005)

“How to Budget” (2008)

“The Dream Team: A Critique” (2006)

“Against Quackery” (2007)

“Mistaken Macroeconomics” (2009)

These together outline an idea that the link between macroeconomic policy in India and  individual microeconomic budgets of our one billion citizens arises via the “Government Budget Constraint”.  More specifically, the continual deficit-finance indulged in by the GoI for decades has been paid for by invisible taxation of nominal assets, causing the general money-price of real goods and services to rise.  I.e., the GoI’s wild deficit spending over the decades has been paid for by debauching money through inflation.

(The  unrecorded untaxed “black economy” needs a separate chapter altogether, and it seems to me possible it provides enough real income and transactions to be absorbing some of the wilder money supply growth into its hoards.)

India cannot be a major economy of the world until and unless the Rupee  some day becomes a hard currency — for the first time in many decades, indeed perhaps for the first time since the start of fiat money.   It is going to take much more than the GoI inventing a trading symbol for the Rupee!   The appalling state of our government accounting, public finance and monetary policy, caused by the GoI over decades, disallows this from happening any time soon as domestic bank assets (mostly GoI debt, and mostly held by government banks) would inevitably be re-evaluated at world prices foreshadowing a monetary crisis.   Perhaps you will help slow the rot — I trust you will not add to it.

Cordially yours

Suby Roy

Postscript  March 1 2010:   I recalled it as Joan Robinson’s quip, had forgotten it was in fact her quoting Gerald Shove’s quip: “Keynes was not interested in the theory of relative prices. Gerald Shove used to say that Maynard had never spent the twenty minutes necessary to understand the theory of value.” (1963)

see also

My Recent Works, Interviews etc on India’s Money, Public Finance, Banking, Trade, BoP, etc (an incomplete list)

“Climate Change” Alarmism (2008/9): The real battle is against corruption, pollution, deforestation, energy waste etc

Last year I wrote but happened not to publish this brief article which may be relevant today.

Climate Change Alarmism: The real battle is against corruption, pollution, deforestation, energy waste etc

Subroto Roy
May 28 2008

Like the AIDS epidemic that never was, “climate change” is on its way to becoming the new myth sold by paternalist governments and their bureaucrat/scientist busybodies to ordinary people coping with their normal lives. E.g., someone says, without any trace of irony: “Everyone in the world should have the same emissions quota. Since Trotsky’s permanent revolution is unfortunately on hold at the moment, and the world still happens to be partitioned into nations, once the per capita quotas are determined they would have to be grouped on a nationwide basis”.

Trotskyism will have to be made of sterner stuff. Canada’s Lorne Gunter (*National Post* 20 May 2008) reports that Noel Keenlyside, the principal scientist who suggested that man-made global warming exists, has now led a team from the Leibniz Institute of Marine Science and Max Planck Institute of Meteorology which “for the first time entered verifiable data on ocean circulation cycles into one of the UN’s climate supercomputers, and the machine spit out a projection that there will be no more warming for the foreseeable future.…” Oops! So much for impending catastrophe. Rajendra Pachauri himself has in January “reluctantly admitted to Reuters… that there has been no warming so far in the 21st Century”.

Mr Pachauri had earlier gone on Indian television comparing himself to CV Raman and Mother Theresa as an Indian Nobel Prize winner — in fact, Al Gore and the 2500 member “UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change” chaired by Mr Pachauri shared the Nobel Peace Prize last year. Now the prediction from that UN “Panel” of “a 0.3 deg C rise in temperature in the coming decade” has been contradicted by Noel Keenlyside’s own scientific results. Gunter reports further that 2007 “saw a drop in the global average temperature of nearly 0.7 deg C (the largest single-year movement up or down since global temperature averages have been calculated). Despite advanced predictions that 2007 would be the warmest year on record, made by such UN associates as Britain’s Hadley Centre, a government climate research agency, 2007 was the coolest year since at least 1993. According to the U. S. National Climatic Data Centre, the average temperature of the global land surface in January 2008 was below the 20th-Century mean for the first time since 1982. Also in January, Southern Hemisphere sea ice coverage was at its greatest summer level (January is summer in the Southern Hemisphere) in the past 30 years. Neither the 3,000 temperature buoys that float throughout the world’s oceans nor the eight NASA satellites that float above our atmosphere have recorded appreciable warming in the past six to eight years. Climate alarmists the world over were quick to add that they had known all along there would be periods when the Earth’s climate would cool even as the overall trend was toward dangerous climate change.”

Honest government doctors know that the myth that HIV/AIDS can spread at Western rates in a society as conservative and sexless as India’s has diverted vast public resources away from India’s numerous real killer diseases: filariasis, dysentery, leprosy, influenza, malaria, gastroenteritis, TB, whooping cough, enteric fever, infectious hepatitis, gonococcal infection, syphilis, measles, tetanus, chicken-pox, cholera, rabies, diptheria, meningococcal infection, poliomelitis, dengue and haemmorrhagic fever and encephalitis. Candid environmentalists similarly know that obsessing about climate change distracts from what is significant and within our power to do, namely, the prevention or at least regulation of the pollution of our air and water and prevention of the waste of energy using policies appropriate for a myriad of local communities and neighbourhoods.

The pollution of India’s atmosphere, rivers, lakes, roads and public property is an unending disgrace. Pollution and corruption are mirror images of each other: corruption is to steal something valuable that belongs to the public; pollution is to dispose private waste into the public domain. Both occur conspicuously where property rights between public and private domains are vague or fuzzy, where pricing of public and private goods and services is distorted, and where judicial and legal processes enforcing contracts are for whatever reason weak or inoperable.

Walk into any government office in India and lights, fans, ACs may be found working at top speed whether or not any living being can be seen. A few rare individual bureaucrats may be concerned but India’s Government as a whole cares not a hoot if public electricity or for that matter any public funds and resources are being wasted, stolen or abused.
At the same time, private motorists face little disincentive from pouring untaxed “black money” into imported gas-guzzling heavy automobiles regardless of India’s narrow roads and congestion. There are no incentives whatsoever for anyone who does not have to do so to want to bicycle or walk to work. The “nuclear deal” involves importing “six to eight lightwater reactors” on a turnkey basis; like the Enron-Dabhol deal a decade ago, it makes no financial sense at all and will make even less if the rupee depreciates anytime in future. Our government policy is in general invented and carried out regardless of technical or financial feasibility; the waste of energy and pollution of the environment are merely examples of the waste of resources and abuse of public property in general.

Someone says “The North”, mainly the USA, “is primarily responsible for climate change”. He may mean Western countries have contributed relatively more pollutants and effluents into the world’s waters and air which is probably a good guess since the West has also contributed more to the world’s scientific, industrial and agricultural progress in general over the centuries.

But to think human beings today understand the complexities of climate and its changes adequately enough to be able to control it is a fatal conceit. Philip Stott, emeritus professor of biogeography at the University of London, is among many scientists who have challenged “the key contradiction at the heart of the Kyoto Protocol, the global climate agreement – that climate is one of the most complex systems known, yet that we can manage it by trying to control a small set of factors, namely greenhouse gas emissions. Scientifically, this is not mere uncertainty: it is a lie…The problem with a chaotic coupled non-linear system as complex as climate is that you can no more predict successfully the outcome of doing something as of not doing something. Kyoto will not halt climate change. Full stop.” (BBC 25 February 2002). For Indian foreign or economic policy to waffle on about climate change is as ineffectual and irrelevant as for the Indian Finance Minister to waffle on about AIDS.

Is this the core of the *Bhagavad Gita*?

From Facebook:

Subroto Roy thinks the core of the *Bhagavad Gita* is captured in Grigori Perelman’s statement declining the Fields Medal after proving Poincaré’s conjecture: “[The prize] was completely irrelevant for me. Everybody understood that if the proof is correct then no other recognition is needed.”

Where are the Reserve Bank’s Macroeconomic Models?

“On the blissful innocence of the RBI” (2009) From Facebook:

Subroto Roy  can only sigh at the fact that while he has had to struggle for 35 years trying to grasp and then apply serious monetary economics to India’s circumstances, the RBI Governor & his four Deputy Governors appear blissfully innocent of all Hicks, Tobin, Friedman, Cagan et al yet exude confidence enough to “Waffle Away!”

see also A Small Challenge to the RBI’s Governor Subbarao

A Small Challenge to the RBI’s Governor Subbarao
April 21, 2010

The Hon’ble Gov of the Reserve Bank of India Shri D Subbarao

Dear Governor Subbarao,

You said yesterday, April 20 2010, that the Reserve Bank of India has a macroeconomic model which it uses but which you had personally not seen.

I have given two lectures at your august offices, one by invitation of Governor Jalan and Deputy Governor Reddy on April 29, 2000 to address the Conference of State Finance Secretaries, the other on May 5, 2005 to address the Chief Economist’s Monetary Economics Seminar. On both occasions, I had inquired of the RBI’s own models by which I could contrast my own but came to understand there were none.

If since then the RBI has now constructed a macroeconomic model of India’s economy, it is splendid news.

May I request the model be released publicly on the Internet at once, so its specifications of endogenous and exogenous variables, assumed coefficients, and sources of time-series data all may be seen by everyone in the country and abroad? Scientific scrutiny and replication of results would thus come to be permitted.

I would be especially interested to know the demand for money function that you have used. I well remember my meeting with the late great Sukhamoy Chakravarty on July 14 1987 at his Planning Commission offices, when he signed and gifted me his last personal copy of the famous Reserve Bank report by the committee he had chaired and of which he told me personally Dr Rangarajan had been the key author – that report may have contained the first official discussion of the demand for money function in India.

With cordial regards

Subroto Roy

Wage inflation among agricultural workers in India

From Facebook

Subroto Roy finds from Gopa’s data that wage inflation among unskilled agricultural workers in rural India has been at about 6.35% per annum over the last 7 years or so.

Finance Minister Mukherjee deserves a cheer for connecting with economics (though half a cheer gets subtracted)

From Facebook today

Independent India’s Finance Ministers have never in 62 years referred to economic theory or the history of economic thought until Mr Mukherjee delivered the 4th Kadirgamar Memorial Lecture in Colombo yesterday, making the following academic claim:
“As students of economics would understand, economic theory is an evolutionary process and undergoes change with every major crisis. The classical theory gave way to Keynesian economics after the Great Depression of 1930s. Thereafter, there were post-Keynesian and monetarist approaches to economic problems during 1960s to 90s. The present crisis, which has also been called Great Recession, would be another watershed in the evolution of economics and is expected to bring about radical retooling of the theory. The crisis has, in the first place, conclusively established that the pursuit of individual goals do not necessarily lead to public good. Adam Smith’s ‘invisible hand’ cannot guarantee allocation of resources efficiently.”

I might rather count this as intellectual progress to the extent that it at least allows the Government of India’s economists the possibility of moving away from politically-induced dissimulation and instead begin to connect with where I was 25 years ago in my May 1984 monograph published by London’s Institute of Economic Affairs (leave aside my 1976-82 doctoral thesis under Professor Frank Hahn at Cambridge “On liberty and economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”). As for the Finance Minister saying “The Indian economy has shown remarkable resilience to the crisis because the financial system had no exposure to the toxic assets”, I am afraid he has left unsaid that this is because (a) the rupee is not a hard currency; and (b) India’s banks hold plenty of domestic assets that are “toxic”.

Subroto Roy

Life’s paradoxes: On watching the fall of the Berlin Wall in Honolulu, November 1989

From Facebook:

Subroto Roy  recalls how, twenty years ago in Honolulu, he called his three-year old to the television to watch the fall of the Berlin Wall with him as a historic event — even while he had to battle as an individual against the most vicious tyranny unleashed against him by the Government of one of the fifty States (a battle that has continued).

On the Existence of a Unique and Stable Solution to the Jammu & Kashmir Problem that is Lawful, Just and Economically Efficient

P Chidambaram may recall our brief interaction at the residence of the late Shri Rajiv Gandhi in September-October 1990, and also my visit in July 1995 when he was a member of Narasimha Rao’s Government.

I am delighted to read in today’s paper that he believes a “unique solution” exists to the grave mortal problem of Jammu & Kashmir.   Almost four years ago, I published in The Statesman my discovery of the existence of precisely such a  unique solution in the three-part article “Solving Kashmir”.

This came to be followed by “Law, Justice and J&K”, “History of Jammu & Kashmir”, “Pakistan’s Allies”, “What to tell Musharraf” and a few others.  The purpose of this open letter is to describe that solution which provides, I believe, the only just and lawful  path available to the resolution of what has been known universally as the Kashmir problem.

Very briefly, it involves recognizing that the question of lawful territorial sovereignty in J&K is logically distinct from the question of the choice of nationality by individual inhabitants.   The solution requires

(a) acknowledging that the original legal entity in the world system  of nations known as Jammu & Kashmir arose on March 16 1846 and ceased to exist on or about October 22 1947; that the military contest that commenced on the latter date has in fact resulted, given all particular circumstances of history, in the lawful and just outcome in international law;

(b) offering all who may be Indian nationals or stateless and who presently live under Article 370, a formal choice of nationality between the Republics of India, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan: citizen-by-citizen, without fear or favour, under conditions of full information, individual privacy and security; any persons who voluntarily choose to renounce Indian nationality in such private individual decisions would be nevertheless granted lawful permanent residence in the Indian Republic and J&K in particular.

In other words, the dismemberment of the original J&K State and annexation of its territories by the entities known today as the Republic of Pakistan and Republic of India that occurred since October 22 1947, as represented first by the 1949 Ceasefire Line and then by the 1972 Line of Control, is indeed the just and lawful outcome prevailing in respect of the question of territorial sovereignty and jurisdiction. The remaining democratic question has to do with free individual choice of nationality by inhabitants, under conditions of full information and privacy, citizen-by-citizen, with the grant of permanent residency rights by the Indian Republic to persons under its jurisdiction in J&K who might wish to choose, for deeply personal individual reasons, not to remain Indian nationals but become Afghan, Iranian or Pakistani nationals instead (or remain stateless).  Pakistan has said frequently its sole concern has been the freedom of Muslims of J&K under Indian rule, and any such genuine concern shall have been thereby fully met by India. Indeed if Pakistan agreed to act similarly this entire complex mortal problem of decades shall have begun to be resolved most appropriately. Pakistan and India are both wracked by corruption, poverty and bad governance, and would be able to mutually draw down military forces pit against one another everywhere, so as to begin to repair the grave damage to their fiscal health caused over decades by the deleterious draining away of vast public resources.

The full reasoning underlying this, which I believe to be the only lawful, just, efficient and stable solution that exists, is thoroughly explained in the following six articles. The first five, “Solving Kashmir”, “Law, Justice & J&K”, “History of J&K”, and “Pakistan’s Allies”, “What to Tell Musharraf” were published in The Statesman in 2005-2006 and are marked ONE, TWO, THREE, FOUR and FIVE below, and are also available elsewhere here. The sixth “An Indian Reply to President Zardari”, marked SIX, was published for the first time here following the Mumbai massacres.

I believe careful reflection upon this entire body of reasoning may lead all reasonable men and women to a practically unanimous consensus about this as the appropriate course of action; if such a consensus happened to arise, the implementation of the solution shall only be a matter of (relatively) uncomplicated procedural detail.

Subroto Roy
October 15 2009

ONE
SOLVING KASHMIR: ON AN APPLICATION OF REASON by Subroto Roy First published in three parts in The Statesman, Editorial Page Special Article, December 1,2,3 2005, http://www.thestatesman.net

(This article has its origins in a paper “Towards an Economic Solution for Kashmir” which circulated in Washington DC in 1992-1995, including at the Indian and Pakistani embassies and the Carnegie Endowment, and was given as an invited lecture at the Heritage Foundation on June 23 1998. It should be read along with other articles also republished here, especially “History of J&K”, “Law, Justice and J&K” , “Understanding Pakistan”, “Pakistan’s Allies” and “What to Tell Musharraf”. The Washington paper and lecture itself originated from my ideas in the Introduction to Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy, edited by WE James and myself in the University of Hawaii project on Pakistan 1986-1992.)

I. Give Indian `Green Cards’ to the Hurriyat et al

India, being a liberal democracy in its constitutional law, cannot do in Jammu & Kashmir what Czechoslovakia did to the “Sudeten Germans” after World War II. On June 18 1945 the new Czechoslovakia announced those Germans and Magyars within their borders who could not prove they had been actively anti-fascist before or during the War would be expelled — the burden of proof was placed on the individual, not the State. Czechoslovakia “transferring” this population was approved by the Heads of the USA, UK and USSR Governments at Potsdam on August 2 1945. By the end of 1946, upto two million Sudeten Germans were forced to flee their homes; thousands may have died by massacre or otherwise; 165,000 remained who were absorbed as Czechoslovak citizens. Among those expelled were doubtless many who had supported Germany and many others who had not — the latter to this day seek justice or even an apology in vain. Czechoslovakia punished none of its nationals for atrocities, saying it had been revenge for Hitler’s evil (”badla” in Bollywood terms) and the post Cold War Czech Government too has declined to render an apology. Revenge is a wild kind of justice (while justice may be a civilised kind of revenge).

India cannot follow this savage precedent in international law. Yet we must recognise there are several hundred and up to several hundred thousand persons on our side of the boundary in the State of Jammu & Kashmir who do not wish to be Indian nationals. These people are presently our nationals ius soli, having been born in territory of the Indian Republic, and/or ius sanguinis, having been born of parents who are Indian nationals; or they may be “stateless” whom we must treat in accordance with the 1954 Convention on Stateless Persons. The fact is they may not wish to carry Indian passports or be Indian nationals.

In this respect their juridical persons resemble the few million “elite” Indians who have in the last few decades freely placed their hands on their hearts and solemnly renounced their Indian nationality, declaring instead their individual fidelity to other nation-states — becoming American, Canadian or Australian citizens, or British subjects or nationals of other countries. Such people include tens of thousands of the adult children of India’s metropolitan “elite”, who are annually visited abroad in the hot summer months by their Indian parents and relatives. They are daughters and sons of New Delhi’s Government and Opposition, of retired generals, air marshals, admirals, ambassadors, cabinet secretaries, public sector bureaucrats, private sector businessmen, university professors, journalists, doctors and many others. India’s most popular film-actress exemplified this “elite” capital-flight when, after a tireless search, she chose a foreign husband and moved to California.

The difference in Jammu & Kashmir would be that those wishing to renounce Indian nationality do not wish to move to any other place but to stay as and where they are, which is in Kashmir Valley or Jammu. Furthermore, they may wish, for whatever reason, to adopt, if they are eligible to do so, the nationality of e.g. the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan or the Islamic Republic of Iran or the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

They may believe themselves descended from Ahmad Shah Abdali whose Afghans ruled or mis-ruled Kashmir Valley before being defeated by Ranjit Singh’s Sikhs in 1819. Or they may believe themselves of Iranian descent as, for example, are the Kashmiri cousins of the late Ayatollah Khomeini. Or they may simply have wished to be, or are descended from persons who had wished to be on October 26 1947, citizens of the then-new British Dominion of Pakistan — but who came to be prevented from properly expressing such a desire because of the war-like conditions that have prevailed ever since between India and Pakistan. There may be even a few persons in Laddakh who are today Indian nationals but who wish to be considered Tibetans instead; there is, however, no Tibetan Republic and it does not appear there is going to be one.

India, being a free and self-confident country, should allow, in a systematic lawful manner, all such persons to fulfil their desires, and furthermore, should ensure they are not penalised for having expressed such “anti-national” desires or for having acted upon them. Sir Mark Tully, the British journalist, is an example of someone who has been a foreign national who has chosen to reside permanently in the Republic of India — indeed he has been an exemplary permanent resident of our country. There are many others like him. There is no logical reason why all those persons in Jammu & Kashmir who do wish not to be Indians by nationality cannot receive the same legal status from the Indian Republic as has been granted to Sir Mark Tully. There are already thousands of Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi and Nepalese nationals who are lawful permanent residents in the Indian Republic, and who travel back and forth between India and their home countries. There is no logical reason why the same could not be extended to several hundred or numerous thousand people in Jammu & Kashmir who may wish to not accept or to renounce their Indian nationality (for whatever personal reason) and instead become nationals, if they are so eligible, of the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran or Pakistan, or, for that matter, to remain stateless. On the one hand, their renunciation of Indian nationality is logically equivalent to the renunciation of Indian nationality by the adult children of India’s “elite” settled in North America and Western Europe. On the other hand, their wish to adopt, if they are eligible, a foreign nationality, such as that of Afghanistan, Iran or Pakistan, and yet remain domiciled in Indian territory is logically equivalent to that of many foreign nationals domiciled in India already like Sir Mark Tully.

Now if you are a permanent resident of some country, you may legally have many, perhaps most, but certainly not all the rights and duties of nationals of that country. e.g., though you will have to pay all the same taxes, you may not be allowed to (or be required to) vote in national or provincial elections but you may in local municipal elections. At the same time, permanently residing foreign nationals are supposed to be equal under the law and have equal access to all processes of civil and criminal justice. (As may be expected though from human frailty, even the federal courts of the USA can be notorious in their injustice and racism towards “Green Card” holders relative to “full” American citizens.) Then again, as a permanently resident foreigner, while you will be free to work in any lawful trade or profession, you may not be allowed to work in some or perhaps any Government agencies, certainly not the armed forces or the police. Many Indians in the USA were engineering graduates, and because many engineering jobs or contracts in the USA are related to the US armed forces and require US citizens only, it is commonplace for Indian engineers to renounce their Indian nationality and become Americans because of this. Many Indian-American families have one member who is American, another Indian, a third maybe Canadian, a fourth Fijian or British etc.

The same can happen in the Indian State of Jammu & Kashmir if it evolves peacefully and correctly in the future. It is quite possible to imagine a productive family in a peaceful Kashmir Valley of the future where one brother is an officer in the Indian Armed Forces, another brother a civil servant and a sister a police officer of the J&K State Government, another sister being a Pakistani doctor, while cousins are Afghan or Iranian or “stateless” businessmen. Each family-member would have made his/her choice of nationality as an individual given the circumstances of his/her life, his/her personal comprehension of the facts of history, his/her personal political and/or religious persuasions, and similar deeply private considerations. All would have their children going to Indian schools and being Indian citizens ius soli and/or ius sanguinis. When the children grow up, they would be free to join, if they wished, the existing capital flight of other Indian adult children abroad and there renounce their Indian nationality as many have come to do.

II Revealing Choices Privately with Full Information
For India to implement such a proposal would be to provide an opportunity for all those domiciled in Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Laddakh to express freely and privately as individuals their deepest wishes about their own identities, in a confidential manner, citizen by citizen, case by case. This would thereby solve the fundamental democratic problem that has been faced ever since the Pakistani attack on the original State of Jammu & Kashmir commenced on October 22 1947, which came to be followed by the Rape of Baramulla — causing the formal accession of the State to the then-new Dominion of India on October 26 1947.

A period of, say, 30 months may be announced by the Government of India during which full information would be provided to all citizens affected by this change, i.e. all those presently governed by Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. The condition of full information may include, for example, easy access to Afghan, Iranian and Pakistani newspapers in addition to access to Indian media. Each such person wishing to either remain with Indian nationality (by explicitly requesting an Indian passport if he/she does not have one already — and such passports can be printed in Kashmiri and Urdu too), or to renounce Indian nationality and either remain stateless or adopt, if he/she is so eligible, the nationality of e.g. Afghanistan, Iran, or Pakistan, should be administratively assisted by the Government of India to make that choice.

In particular, he/she should be individually, confidentially, and without fear or favour assured and informed of his/her new rights and responsibilities. For example, a resident of Kashmir Valley who chooses to become a Pakistani citizen, such as Mr Geelani, would now enjoy the same rights and responsibilities in the Indian Republic that Mr Tully enjoys, and at the same time no longer require a visa to visit Pakistan just as Mr Tully needs no visa to enter Britain. In case individual participants in the Hurriyat choose to renounce Indian nationality and adopt some other, they would no longer be able to legally participate in Indian national elections or J&K’s State elections. That is something which they say they do not wish to do in any case. Those members of the Hurriyat who chose e.g. Pakistani nationality while still residing in Jammu & Kashmir, would be free to send postal ballots or cross the border and vote in Pakistan’s elections if and when these occur. There are many Canadians who live permanently in the USA who cross home to Canada in order to cast a ballot.

After the period of 30 months, every person presently under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution would have received a full and fair opportunity to privately and confidentially reveal his/her preference or choice under conditions of full information. “Partition”, “Plebiscite”, and “Military Decision” have been the three alternatives under discussion ever since the National Conference of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah and his then-loyal Deputy, Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, helped the Indian Army and Air Force in 1947-1948 fight off the savage attack against Jammu & Kashmir State that had commenced from Pakistan on October 22 1947. When, during the Pakistani attack, the Sheikh and Bakshi agreed to the Muslim Conference’s demand for a plebiscite among the people, the Pakistanis balked — the Sheikh and Bakshi then withdrew their offer and decisively and irrevocably chose to accede to the Indian Union. The people of Jammu & Kashmir, like any other, are now bound by the sovereign political commitments made by their forebears. Even so, given the painful mortal facts of the several decades since, the solution here proposed if properly implemented would be an incomparably more thorough democratic exercise than any conceivable plebiscite could ever have been.

Furthermore, regardless of the outcome, it would not entail any further “Partition” or population “transfer” which inevitably would degenerate into a savage balkanization, and has been ruled out as an unacceptable “deal-breaker” by the Indian Republic. Instead, every individual person would have been required, in a private and confidential decision-making process, to have chosen a nationality or to remain stateless — resulting in a multitude of cosmopolitan families in Jammu & Kashmir. But that is something commonplace in the modern world. Properly understood and properly implemented, we shall have resolved the great mortal problem we have faced for more than half a century, and Jammu & Kashmir can finally settle into a period of peace and prosperity. The boundary between India and Pakistan would have been settled by the third alternative mentioned at the time, namely, “Military Decision”.

III. Of Flags and Consulates in Srinagar and Gilgit
Pakistan has demanded its flag fly in Srinagar. This too can happen though not in the way Pakistan has been wishing to see it happen. A Pakistan flag might fly in the Valley just as might an Afghan and Iranian flag as well. Pakistan has wished its flag to fly as the sovereign over Jammu & Kashmir. That is not possible. The best and most just outcome is for the Pakistani flag to fly over a recognised Pakistani consular or visa office in Srinagar, Jammu and Leh. In diplomatic exchange, the Indian tricolour would have to fly over a recognised Indian consular or visa office in Muzaffarabad, Gilgit and Skardu.

Pakistan also may have to act equivalently with respect to the original inhabitants of the territory of Jammu & Kashmir that it has been controlling — allowing those people to become Indian nationals if they so chose to do in free private decisions under conditions of full information. In other words, the “Military Decision” that defines the present boundary between sovereign states must be recognised by Pakistan sincerely and permanently in a Treaty relationship with India — and all of Pakistan’s official and unofficial protégés like the Hurriyat and the “United Jehad Council” would have to do the same. Without such a sovereign commitment from the Government of Pakistan, as shown by decisive actions of lack of aggressive intent (e.g. as came to be implemented between the USA and USSR), the Government of India has no need to involve the Government of Pakistan in implementing the solution of enhancing free individual choice of nationality with regard to all persons on our side of the boundary.

The “Military Decision” regarding the sovereign boundary in Jammu & Kashmir will be so recognised by all only if it is the universally just outcome in international law. And that in fact is what it is.

The original Jammu & Kashmir State began its existence as an entity in international law long before the present Republics of India and Pakistan ever did. Pakistan commences as an entity on August 14 1947; India commences as an entity of international law with its signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 20 1918. Jammu & Kashmir began as an entity on March 16 1846 — when the Treaty of Amritsar was signed between Gulab Singh Dogra and the British, one week after the Treaty of Lahore between the British and the defeated Sikh regency of the child Daleep Singh.

Liaquat Ali Khan and Zafrullah Khan both formally challenged on Pakistan’s behalf the legitimacy of Dogra rule in Jammu & Kashmir since the Treaty of Amritsar. The Pakistani Mission to the UN does so even today. The Pakistanis were following Sheikh Abdullah and Jawaharlal Nehru himself, who too had at one point challenged Dogra legitimacy in the past. But though the form of words of the Pakistan Government and the Nehru-Abdullah position were similar in their attacks on the Treaty of Amritsar, their underlying substantive reasons were as different as chalk from cheese. The Pakistanis attacked the Dogra dynasty for being Dogra — i.e. because they were Hindus and not Muslims governing a Muslim majority. Nehru and Abdullah denounced monarchic autocracy in favour of mass democracy, and so attacked the Dogra dynasty for being a dynasty. All were wrong to think the Treaty of Amritsar anything but a lawful treaty in international law.

Furthermore, in this sombre political game of great mortal consequence, there were also two other parties who were, or appeared to be, in favour of the dynasty: one because the dynasty was non-Muslim, the other, despite it being so. Non-Muslim minorities like many Hindus and Sikhs in the business and governmental classes, saw the Dogra dynasty as their protector against a feared communalist tyranny arising from the Sunni Muslim masses of Srinagar Valley, whom Abdullah’s rhetoric at Friday prayer-meetings had been inciting or at least awakening from slumber. At the same time, the communalists of the Muslim Conference who had broken away from Abdullah’s secular National Conference, sought political advantage over Abdullah by declaring themselves in favour of keeping the dynasty — even elevating it to become an international sovereign, thus flattering the already pretentious potentate that he would be called “His Majesty” instead of merely “His Highness”. The ancestry of today’s Hurriyat’s demands for an independent Jammu & Kashmir may be traced precisely to those May 21-22 1947 declarations of the Muslim Conference leader, Hamidullah Khan.

Into this game stumbled the British with all the mix of cunning, indifference, good will, impatience, arrogance and pomposity that marked their rule in India. At the behest of the so-called “Native Princes”, the 1929 Butler Commission had hinted that the relationship of “Indian India” to the British sovereign was conceptually different from that of “British India” to the British sovereign. This view was adopted in the Cabinet Mission’s 12 May 1946 Memorandum which in turn came to be applied by Attlee and Mountbatten in their unseemly rush to “Divide and Quit” India in the summer of 1947.

It created the pure legal illusion that there was such a thing as “Lapse of Paramountcy” at which Jammu & Kashmir or any other “Native State” of “Indian India” could conceivably, even for a moment, become a sovereign enjoying the comity of nations — contradicting Britain’s own position that only two Dominions, India and Pakistan, could ever be members of the British Commonwealth and hence members of the newly created UN. British pusillanimity towards Jammu & Kashmir’s Ruler had even extended to making him a nominal member of Churchill’s War Cabinet because he had sent troops to fight in Burma. But the legal illusion had come about because of a catastrophic misunderstanding on the part of the British of their own constitutional law.

The only legal scholar who saw this was B R Ambedkar in a lonely and brilliant technical analysis released to the press on June 17 1947. No “Lapse of Paramountcy” over the “Native Princes” of Indian India could occur in constitutional law. Paramountcy over Indian India would be automatically inherited by the successor state of British India at the Transfer of Power. That successor state was the new British Dominion of India as well as (when it came to be finalised by Partition from India) the new British Dominion of Pakistan (Postscript: the deleted words represent a mistake made in the original paper, corrected in “Law, Justice & J&K” in view of the fact the UN in 1947 deemed India alone the successor state of British India and Pakistan a new state in the world system). A former “Native Prince” could only choose to which Dominion he would go. No other alternative existed even for a single logical moment. Because the British had catastrophically failed to comprehend this aspect of their own constitutional law, they created a legal vacuum whereby between August 15 and October 22-26 1947, Jammu & Kashmir became a local and temporary sovereign recognised only by the Dominion of Pakistan (until October 22) and the Dominion of India (until October 26). But it was not a globally recognised sovereign and was never going to be such in international law. This was further proved by Attlee refusing to answer the J&K Prime Minister’s October 18 1947 telegram.

All ambiguity came to end with the Pakistani attack of October 22 1947, the Rape of Baramulla, the secession of an “Azad Kashmir”declared by Sardar Ibrahim, and the Pakistani coup détat in Gilgit on October 31 1947 followed by the massacre of Sikh soldiers of the J&K Army at Bunji. With those Pakistani actions, Gulab Singh’s Jammu & Kashmir State, founded on March 16 1846 by the Treaty of Amritsar, ceased to logically exist as an entity in international law and fell into a state of ownerless anarchy. The conflict between Ibrahim’s Muslim communalists backed by the new Dominion of Pakistan and Abdullah’s secularists backed by the new Dominion of India had become a civil war within a larger intra-Commonwealth war that itself was almost a civil war between forces of the same military.

Jammu & Kashmir territory had become ownerless. The Roman Law which is at the root of all municipal and international law in the world today would declare that in the ownership of such an ownerless entity, a “Military Decision” was indeed the just outcome. Sovereignty over the land, waters, forests and other actual and potential resources of the erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir has become divided by “Military Decision” between the modern Republics of India and Pakistan. By the proposal made herein, the people and their descendants shall have chosen their nationality and their domicile freely across the sovereign boundary that has come to result.

TWO
LAW, JUSTICE AND J&K
by Subroto Roy First published in two parts in The Sunday Statesman, July 2 2006 and The Statesman July 3 2006 http://www.thestatesman.net Editorial Page Special Article

I.
For a solution to J&K to be universally acceptable it must be seen by all as being lawful and just. Political opinion in Pakistan and India as well as all people and parties in J&K ~ those loyal to India, those loyal to Pakistan, and any others ~ will have to agree that, all things considered, such is the right course of action for everyone today in the 21st Century, which means too that the solution must be consistent with the facts of history as well as account reasonably for all moral considerations.

On August 14, 1947, the legal entity known as “British India”, as one of its final acts, and based on a sovereign British decision made only two months earlier, created out of some of its territory a new State defined in international law as the “Dominion of Pakistan”. British India extinguished itself the very next day, and the newly independent “Dominion of India” succeeded to all its rights and obligations in international law. As the legal successor of the “India” which had signed the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and the San Francisco Declaration of 1945, the Dominion of India was already a member of the new UN as well as a signatory to many international treaties. By contrast, the Dominion of Pakistan had to apply afresh to sign treaties and become a member of international organisations. The theory put forward by Argentina that two new States, India and Pakistan, had been created ab initio, came to be rejected and was withdrawn by Argentina. Instead, Pakistan with the wholehearted backing of India was made a member of the UN, with all except Afghanistan voting in favour. (Afghanistan’s exceptional vote signalled presence of conflict over the Durand Line and idea of a Pashtunistan; Dr Khan Sahib and Abdul Ghaffar Khan were imprisoned by the Muslim League regime of NWFP which later supported the tribesmen who attacked J&K starting October 22, 1947; that conflict remains unresolved to this day, even after the American attack on the Taliban, the restart of a constitutional process in Afghanistan, and the purported mediation of US Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice.)

Zafrullah Khan, Pakistan’s distinguished first ambassador to the UN, claimed in September 1947: “Pakistan is not a new member of UNO but a successor to a member State which was one of the founders of the Organisation.” He noted that he himself had led India to the final session of the League of Nations in Geneva in 1939, and he wished to say that Pakistan had been present “as part of India… under the latter name” as a signatory to the Treaty of Versailles. This was, however, logically impossible. The Treaty of Versailles long predated (1) Mohammad Iqbal’s Allahabad Address which conceptualised for the first time in the 20th Century a Muslim State in Northwest India; (2) Rahmat Ali’s invention of the word “PAKSTAN” on the top floor of a London omnibus; (3) M. A. Jinnah and Fazlul Haq’s Lahore Resolution; and (4) the final British decision of June 3, 1947 to create by Partition out of “British India” a Dominion named Pakistan. Pakistan could not have acted in international law prior to having come into being or been created or even conceived itself. Zafrullah Khan would have been more accurate to say that the history of Pakistanis until August 14, 1947 had been one in common with that of their Indian cousins ~ or indeed their Indian brothers, since innumerable North Indian Muslim families came to be literally partitioned, with some brothers remaining Indians while other brothers became Pakistanis.

Pakistan was created at the behest of Jinnah’s Muslim League though with eventual agreement of the Indian National Congress (a distant ancestor of the political party going by the same name today). Pakistan arose not because Jinnah said Hindus and Muslims were “two nations” but because he and his League wished for a State where Muslims would find themselves ruled by fellow-Muslims and feel themselves part of a pan-Islamic culture. Yet Pakistan was intended to be a secular polity with Muslim-majority governance, not an Islamic theocracy. That Pakistan failed to become secular was exemplified most poignantly in the persecution Zafrullah himself later faced in his personal life as an Ahmadiya, even while he was Pakistan’s Foreign Minister. (The same happened later to Pakistan’s Nobel-winning physicist Abdus Salaam.) Pakistan was supposed to allow the genius of Indo-Muslim culture to flourish, transplanted from places like Lucknow and Aligarh which would never be part of it. In fact, the areas that are Pakistan today had in the 1937 provincial elections shown scant popular Muslim support for Jinnah’s League. The NWFP had a Congress Government in the 1946 elections, and its supporters boycotted the pro-Pakistan referendum in 1947. The imposition of Urdu culture as Pakistan’s dominant ethos might have come to be accepted later in West Punjab, Sindh and NWFP but it was not acceptable in East Bengal, and led inevitably to the Pakistani civil war and creation of Bangladesh by Sheikh Mujib in 1971.

In August 1947, the new Dominions of India and Pakistan were each supposed to protect their respective minority populations as their first political duty. Yet both palpably failed in this, and were reduced to making joint declarations pleading for peace and an end to communal killings and the abduction of women. The Karachi Government, lacking the wherewithal and administrative machinery of being a nation-state at all, and with only Liaquat and an ailing Jinnah as noted leaders, may have failed more conspicuously, and West Punjab, the Frontier and Sindh were soon emptied of almost all their many Sikhs and Hindus. Instead, the first act of the new Pakistan Government in the weeks after August 14, 1947 was to arrange for the speedy and safe transfer of the North Indian Muslim elite by air from Delhi using chartered British aeroplanes. The ordinary Muslim masses of UP, Delhi and East Punjab were left in danger from or were subjected to Sikh and Hindu mob attacks, especially as news and rumours spread of similar outrages against Pakistan’s departing minorities.

In this spiral of revenge attacks and counter-attacks, bloodshed inevitably spilled over from West and East Punjab into the northern Punjabi plains of Jammu, though Kashmir Valley remained conspicuously peaceful. Zafrullah and Liaquat would later claim it was this communal civil war which had caused thousands of newly decommissioned Mirpuri soldiers of the British Army, and thousands of Afridi and other Frontier tribesmen, to spontaneously act to “liberate” J&K’s Muslims from alleged tyranny under the Hindu Ruler or an allegedly illegal Indian occupation.

But the main attack on J&K State that began from Pakistan along the Manshera-Muzaffarabad road on October 22, 1947 was admittedly far too well-organised, well-armed, well-planned and well-executed to have been merely a spontaneous uprising of tribesmen and former soldiers. In all but name, it was an act of undeclared war of the new Dominion of Pakistan first upon the State of J&K and then upon the Indian Dominion. This became obvious to Field Marshall Auchinlek, who, as Supreme Commander of the armed forces of both India and Pakistan, promptly resigned and abolished the Supreme Command in face of the fact that two parts of his own forces were now at war with one another.

The invaders failed to take Srinagar solely because they lost their military purpose while indulging in the Rape of Baramula. Thousands of Kashmiri women of all communities ~ Muslim, Sikh and Hindu ~ were violated and transported back to be sold in markets in Peshawar and elsewhere. Such was standard practice in Central Asian tribal wars from long before the advent of Islam, and the invading tribesmen shared that culture. India’s Army and Air Force along with the militias of the secular democratic movement led by Sheikh Abdullah and those remaining loyal units of J&K forces, fought off the invasion, and liberated Baramula, Naushera, Uri, Poonch etc. Gilgit had a British-led coup détat against it bringing it under Pakistan’s control. Kargil was initially taken by the Pakistanis and then lost by them. Leh could have been but was not taken by Pakistani forces. But in seeking to protect Leh and to retake Kargil, the Indian Army lost the siege of Skardu ~ which ended reputedly with the infamous communication from the Pakistani commander to his HQ: “All Sikhs killed; all women raped.”

Legal theory
Now, in this grave mortal conflict, the legal theory to which both the Indian and Pakistani Governments have been wedded for sixty years is one that had been endorsed by the British Cabinet Mission in 1946 and originated with the Butler Commission of 1929. Namely, that “Lapse of Paramountcy” over the “Indian India” of the “Native States” could and did occur with the extinction of British India on August 15, 1947. By this theory, Hyderabad, J&K, Junagadh and the several other States which had not acceded to either Dominion were no longer subject to the Crown’s suzerainty as of that date. Both Dominions drew up “Instruments of Accession” for Rulers to sign upon the supposed “Lapse” of Paramountcy that was to occur with the end of British India.

Ever since, the Pakistan Government has argued that Junagadh’s Ruler acceded to Pakistan and Hyderabad’s had wished to do so but both were forcibly prevented by India. Pakistan has also argued the accession to India by J&K’s Ruler was “fraudulent” and unacceptable, and Sheikh Abdullah was a “Quisling” of India and it was not his National Conference but the Muslim Conference of Ibrahim, Abbas and the Mirwaiz (precursor of the Hurriyat) which represented J&K’s Muslims.

India argued that Junagadh’s accession to Pakistan or Hyderabad’s independence were legal and practical impossibilities contradicting the wills of their peoples, and that their integration into the Indian Dominion was carried out in an entirely legitimate manner in the circumstances prevailing.

On J&K, India has argued that not only had the Ruler requested Indian forces to fight off the Pakistani attack, and he acceded formally before Indian forces were sent, but also that democratic principles were fully adhered to in the unequivocal endorsement of the accession by Sheikh Abdullah and the National Conference and further by a duly called and elected J&K Constituent Assembly, as well as generations of Kashmiris since. In the Indian view, it is Pakistan which has been in illegal occupation of Indian territory from Mirpur, Muzaffarabad and Gilgit to Skardu all the way to the Khunjerab Pass, Siachen Glacier and K2, some of which it illegally ceded to its Communist Chinese ally, and furthermore that it has denied the peoples of these areas any democratic voice.

Roman law
In June 1947, it was uniquely and brilliantly argued by BR Ambedkar in a statement to the Press that the British had made a catastrophic error in comprehending their own constitutional law, that no such thing as “Lapse” of Paramountcy existed, and that suzerainty over the “Native States” of “Indian India” would be automatically transferred in international law to the successor State of British India. It was a legal illusion to think any Native State could be sovereign even for a single logical moment. On this theory, if the Dominion of India was the sole successor State in international law while Pakistan was a new legal entity, then a Native State which acceded to Pakistan after August 15, 1947 would have had to do so with the consent of the suzerain power, namely, India, as may be said to have happened implicitly in case of Chitral and a few others. Equally, India’s behaviour in integrating (or annexing) Junagadh and Hyderabad, would become fully explicable ~ as would the statements of Mountbatten, Nehru and Patel before October 1947 that they would accept J&K going to Pakistan if that was what the Ruler and his people desired. Pakistan unilaterally and by surprise went to war against J&K on October 22, declared the accession to India “fraudulent”, and to this day has claimed the territory of the original State of J&K is “disputed”. Certainly, even if the Ambedkar doctrine is applied that no “Lapse” was possible under British law, Pakistan did not recognise India’s jurisdiction there as the suzerain power as of August 15, 1947. Altogether, Pakistan’s sovereign actions from October 22 onwards amounted to acting to annex J&K to itself by military force ~ acts which came to be militarily resisted (with partial success) by India allied with Sheikh Abdullah’s National Conference and the remaining forces of J&K. By these military actions, Pakistan revealed that it considered J&K territory to have descended into a legal state of anarchy as of October 22, 1947, and hence open to resolution by “Military Decision” ~ as is indeed the just outcome under Roman Law, the root of all municipal and international law today, when there is a contest between claimants over an ownerless entity.

Choice of nationality
Hence, the present author concluded (“Solving Kashmir”, The Statesman December 1-3, 2005) that the dismemberment of the original J&K State and annexation of its territories by India and Pakistan that has occurred since 1947, as represented first by the 1949 Ceasefire Line and then by the 1972 Line of Control, is indeed the just and lawful outcome prevailing in respect of the question of territorial sovereignty and jurisdiction. The remaining “democratic” question described has to do with free individual choice of nationality by the inhabitants, under conditions of full information and privacy, citizen-by-citizen, with the grant of permanent residency rights by the Indian Republic to persons under its jurisdiction in J&K who may choose not to remain Indian nationals but become Afghan, Iranian or Pakistani nationals instead. Pakistan has said frequently its sole concern has been the freedom of the Muslims of J&K under Indian rule, and any such genuine concern shall have been thereby fully met by India. Indeed, if Pakistan agreed to act similarly, this entire complex mortal problem of decades shall have begun to be peacefully resolved. Both countries are wracked by corruption, poverty and bad governance, and would be able to mutually draw down military forces pit against one another everywhere, so as to begin to repair the grave damage to their fiscal health caused by the deleterious draining away of vast public resources.

THREE
HISTORY OF JAMMU & KASHMIR
by Subroto Roy First published in two parts in The Sunday Statesman, Oct 29 2006 and The Statesman Oct 30 2006, Editorial Page Special Article, http://www.thestatesman.net

At the advent of Islam in distant Arabia, India and Kashmir in particular were being visited by Chinese Buddhist pilgrims during Harsha’s reign. The great “Master of Law” Hiuen Tsiang visited between 629-645 and spent 631-633 in Kashmir (”Kia-chi-mi-lo”), describing it to include Punjab, Kabul and Kandahar. Over the next dozen centuries, Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and again Hindu monarchs came to rule the 85 mile long 40 mile wide territory on the River Jhelum’s upper course known as Srinagar Valley, as well as its adjoining Jammu in the upper plains of the Punjab and “Little Tibet” consisting of Laddakh, Baltistan and Gilgit.

In 1344, a Persian adventurer from Swat or Khorasan by name of Amir or Mirza, who had “found his way into the Valley and in time gained great influence at the Raja’s court”, proclaimed himself Sultan Shamsuddin after the death of the last Hindu monarchs of medieval Kashmir. Twelve of his descendants formed the Shamiri dynasty including the notorious Sikander and the just and tolerant Zainulabidin. Sikander who ruled 1386-1410 “submitted himself” to the Uzbek Taimur the Lame when he approached Kashmir in 1398 “and thus saved the country from invasion”. Otherwise, “Sikander was a gloomy ferocious bigot, and his zeal in destroying temples and idols was so intense that he is remembered as the Idol-Breaker. He freely used the sword to propagate Islam and succeeded in forcing the bulk of the population to conform outwardly to the Muslim religion. Most of the Brahmins refused to apostatise, and many of them paid with their lives the penalty for their steadfastness. Many others were exiled, and only a few conformed.”

Zainulabidin who ruled 1417-1467 “was a man of very different type”. “He adopted the policy of universal toleration, recalled the exiled Brahmins, repealed the jizya or poll-tax on Hindus, and even permitted new temples to be built. He abstained from eating flesh, prohibited the slaughter of kine, and was justly venerated as a saint. He encouraged literature, painting and music, and caused many translations to be made of works composed in Sanskrit, Arabic and other languages.” During his “long and prosperous reign”, he “constructed canals and built many mosques; he was just and tolerant”.

The Shamiri dynasty ended in 1541 when “some fugitive chiefs of the two local factions of the Makri and the Chakk invited Mirza Haidar Dughlat, a relation of Babar, to invade Kashmir. The country was conquered and the Mirza held it (nominally in name of Humayan) till 1551, when he was killed in a skirmish. The line… was restored for a few years, until in 1559 a Chakk leader, Ghazi Shah, usurped the throne; and in the possession of his descendants it remained for nearly thirty years.” This dynasty marks the origins of Shia Islam in Srinagar though Shia influence in Gilgit, Baltistan and Laddakh was of longer standing. Constant dissensions weakened the Chakks, and in 1586, Akbar, then at Attock on the Indus, sent an army under Raja Bhagwan Das into Srinagar Valley and easily made it part of his Empire.

Shivaism and Islam both flourished, and Hindu ascetics and Sufi saints were revered by all. Far from Muslims and Hindus forming distinct nations, here they were genetically related kinsmen living in proximity in a small isolated area for centuries. Indeed Zainulabidin may have had a vast unspoken influence on the history of all India insofar as Akbar sought to attempt in his empire what Zainulabidin achieved in the Valley. Like Zainulabidin, Akbar’s governance of India had as its “constant aim” “to conciliate the Hindus and to repress Muslim bigotry” which in modern political parlance may be seen as the principle of secular governance ~ of conciliating the powerless (whether majority or minority) and repressing the bigotry of the powerful (whether minority or majority). Akbar had made the Valley the summer residence of the Mughals, and it was Jahangir, seeing the Valley for the first time, who apparently said the words agar behest baushad, hamee in hast, hamee in hast, hamee in hast: “if Heaven exists, it is here, it is here, it is here”. Yet like other isolated paradises (such as the idyllic islands of the Pacific Ocean) an accursed mental ether can accompany the magnificent beauty of people’s surroundings. As the historian put it: “The Kashmiris remained secure in their inaccessible Valley; but they were given up to internal weakness and discord, their political importance was gone…”

After the Mughals collapsed, Iran’s Turkish ruler Nadir Shah sacked Delhi in 1739 but the Iranian court fell in disarray upon his death. In 1747 a jirga of Pashtun tribes at Kandahar “broke normal tradition” and asked an old Punjabi holy man and shrine-keeper to choose between two leaders; this man placed young wheat in the hand of the 25 year old Ahmed Shah Saddozai of the Abdali tribe, and titled him “Durrani”. Five years later, Durrani took Kashmir and for the next 67 years the Valley was under Pashtun rule, a time of “unmitigated brutality and widespread distress”. Durrani himself “was wise, prudent and simple”, never declared himself king and wore no crown, instead keeping a stick of young wheat in his turban. Leaving India, he famously recited: “The Delhi throne is beautiful indeed, but does it compare with the mountains of Kandahar?”

Kashmir’s modern history begins with Ranjit Singh of the Sikhs who became a soldier at 12, and in 1799 at age 19 was made Lahore’s Governor by Kabul’s Zaman Shah. Three years later “he made himself master of Amritsar”, and in 1806 crossed the River Sutlej and took Ludhiana. He created a fine Sikh infantry and cavalry under former officers of Napoleon, and with 80,000 trained men and 500 guns took Multan and Peshawar, defeated the Pashtuns and overran Kashmir in 1819. The “cruel rule” of the Pashtuns ended “to the great relief of Kashmir’s inhabitants”.

The British Governor-General Minto (ancestor of the later Viceroy), seeing advantage in the Sikhs staying north of the Sutlej, sent Charles Metcalfe, “a clever young civilian”, to persuade the Khalsa; in 1809, Ranjit Singh and the British in the first Treaty of Amritsar agreed to establish “perpetual amity”: the British would “have no concern” north of the Sutlej and Ranjit Singh would keep only minor personnel south of it. In 1834 and 1838 Ranjit Singh was struck by paralysis and died in 1839, leaving no competent heir. The Sikh polity collapsed, “their power exploded, disappearing in fierce but fast flames”. It was “a period of storm and anarchy in which assassination was the rule” and the legitimate line of his son and grandson, Kharak Singh and Nao Nihal Singh was quickly extinguished. In 1845 the Queen Regent, mother of the five-year old Dalip Singh, agreed to the Khalsa ending the 1809 Treaty. After bitter battles that might have gone either way, the Khalsa lost at Sobraon on 10 February 1846, and accepted terms of surrender in the 9 March 1846 Treaty of Lahore. The kingdom had not long survived its founder: “created by the military and administrative genius of one man, it crumbled into powder when the spirit which gave it life was withdrawn; and the inheritance of the Khalsa passed into the hands of the English.”

Ranjit Singh’s influence on modern J&K was even greater through his having mentored the Rajput Gulab Singh Dogra (1792-1857) and his brothers Dhyan Singh and Suchet Singh. Jammu had been ruled by Ranjit Deo until 1780 when the Sikhs made it tributary to the Lahore Court. Gulab Singh, a great grand nephew of Ranjit Deo, had left home at age 17 in search of a soldierly fortune, and ended up in 1809 in Ranjit Singh’s army, just when Ranjit Singh had acquired for himself a free hand to expand his domains north of the River Sutlej.

Gulab Singh, an intrepid soldier, by 1820 had Jammu conferred upon him by Ranjit Singh with the title of Raja, while Bhimber, Chibal, Poonch and Ramnagar went to his brothers. Gulab Singh, “often unscrupulous and cruel, was a man of considerable ability and efficiency”; he “found his small kingdom a troublesome charge but after ten years of constant struggles he and his two brothers became masters of most of the country between Kashmir and the Punjab”, though Srinagar Valley itself remained under a separate Governor appointed by the Lahore Court. Gulab Singh extended Jammu’s rule from Rawalpindi, Bhimber, Rajouri, Bhadarwah and Kishtwar, across Laddakh and into Tibet. His General Zorawar Singh led six expeditions into Laddakh between 1834 and 1841 through Kishtwar, Padar and Zanskar. In May 1841, Zorawar left Leh with an army of 5000 Dogras and Laddakhis and advanced on Tibet. Defeating the Tibetans at Rudok and Tashigong, he reached Minsar near Lake Mansarovar from where he advanced to Taklakot (Purang), 15 miles from the borders of Nepal and Kumaon, and built a fort stopping for the winter. Lhasa sent large re-inforcements to meet him. Zorawar, deciding to take the offensive, was killed in the Battle of Toyu, on 11-12 December 1841 at 16,000 feet.

A Laddakhi rebellion resulted against Jammu, aided now by the advancing Tibetans. A new army was sent under Hari Chand suppressing the rebellion and throwing back the Tibetans, leading to a peace treaty between Lhasa and Jammu signed on 17 September 1842: “We have agreed that we have no ill-feelings because of the past war. The two kings will henceforth remain friends forever. The relationship between Maharajah Gulab Singh of Kashmir and the Lama Guru of Lhasa (Dalai Lama) is now established. The Maharajah Sahib, with God (Kunchok) as his witness, promises to recognise ancient boundaries, which should be looked after by each side without resorting to warfare. When the descendants of the early kings, who fled from Laddakh to Tibet, now return they will not be stopped by Shri Maharajah. Trade between Laddakh and Tibet will continue as usual. Tibetan government traders coming into Laddakh will receive free transport and accommodations as before, and the Laddakhi envoy will, in turn, receive the same facilities in Lhasa. The Laddakhis take an oath before God (Kunchok) that they will not intrigue or create new troubles in Tibetan territory. We have agreed, with God as witness, that Shri Maharajah Sahib and the Lama Guru of Lhasa will live together as members of the same household.” The traditional boundary between Laddakh and Tibet “as recognised by both sides since olden times” was accepted by the envoys of Gulab Singh and the Dalai Lama.

An earlier 1684 treaty between Laddakh and Lhasa had said that while Laddakh would send tribute to Lhasa every three years, “the king of Laddakh reserves to himself the village of Minsar in Ngarees-khor-sum, that he may be independent there; and he sets aside its revenue for the purpose of meeting the expense involved in keeping up the sacrificial lights at Kangree (Kailas), and the Holy Lakes of Mansarovar and Rakas Tal”. The area around Minsar village near Lake Mansarovar, held by the rulers of Laddakh since 1583, was retained by Jammu in the 1842 peace-treaty, and its revenue was received by J&K State until 1948.

After Ranjit Singh’s death in 1839, Gulab Singh was alienated from the Lahore Court where the rise of his brothers and a nephew aroused enough Khalsa jealousy to see them assassinated in palace intrigues. While the Sikhs imploded, Gulab Singh had expanded his own dominion from Rawalpindi to Minsar ~ everywhere except Srinagar Valley itself. He had apparently advised the Sikhs not to attack the British in breach of the 1809 Treaty, and when they did so he had not joined them, though had he done so British power in North India might have been broken. The British were grateful for his neutrality and also his help in their first misbegotten adventure in Afghanistan. It was Gulab Singh who was now encouraged by both the British and the Sikhs to mediate between them, indeed “to take a leading part in arranging conditions of peace”, and he formally represented the Sikh regency in the negotiations. The 9 March 1846 Treaty of Lahore “set forth that the British Government having demanded in addition to a certain assignment of territory, a payment of a crore and a half of rupees, and the Sikh Government being unable to pay the whole”, Dalip Singh “should cede as equivalent to one crore the hill country belonging to the Punjab between the Beas and the Indus including Kashmir and the Hazara”.

For the British to occupy the whole of this mountainous territory was judged unwise on economic and military grounds; it was not feasible to occupy from a military standpoint and the area “with the exception of the small Valley of Kashmir” was “for the most part unproductive”. “On the other hand, the ceded tracts comprised the whole of the hereditary possessions of Gulab Singh, who, being eager to obtain an indefeasible title to them, came forward and offered to pay the war indemnity on condition that he was made the independent ruler of Jammu & Kashmir.

A separate treaty embodying this arrangement was thus concluded between the British and Gulab Singh at Amritsar on 16 March 1846.” Gulab Singh acknowledged the British Government’s supremacy, and in token of it agreed to present annually to the British Government “one horse, twelve shawl goats of approved breed and three pairs of Kashmir shawls. This arrangement was later altered; the annual presentation made by the Kashmir State was confined to two Kashmir shawls and three romals (handkerchiefs).” The Treaty of Amritsar “put Gulab Singh, as Maharaja, in possession of all the hill country between the Indus and the Ravi, including Kashmir, Jammu, Laddakh and Gilgit; but excluding Lahoul, Kulu and some areas including Chamba which for strategic purposes, it was considered advisable (by the British) to retain and for which a remission of Rs 25 lakhs was made from the crore demanded, leaving Rs 75 lakhs as the final amount to be paid by Gulab Singh.” The British retained Hazara which in 1918 was included into NWFP. Through an intrigue emanating from Prime Minister Lal Singh in Lahore, Imamuddin, the last Sikh-appointed Governor of Kashmir, sought to prevent Gulab Singh taking possession of the Valley in accordance with the Treaty’s terms. By December 1846 Gulab Singh had done so, though only with help of a British force which included 17,000 Sikh troops “who had been fighting in the campaign just concluded”. (Contemporary British opinion even predicted Sikhism like Buddhism “would become extinct in a short time if it were not kept alive by the esprit de corps of the Sikh regiments”.)

The British in 1846 may have been glad enough to allow Gulab Singh take independent charge of the new entity that came to be now known as the “State of Jammu & Kashmir”. Later, however. they and their American allies would grow keen to control or influence the region vis-à-vis their new interests against the Russian and Soviet Empires.

FOUR
PAKISTAN’S ALLIES
by Subroto Roy First published in two parts in The Sunday Statesman, June 4 2006, The Statesman June 5 2006, Editorial Page Special Article, http://www.thestatesman.net

From the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar creating the State of Jammu & Kashmir until the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Britain and later the USA became increasingly interested in the subcontinent’s Northwest. The British came to India by sea to trade. Barren, splendid, landlocked Afghanistan held no interest except as a home of fierce tribes; but it was the source of invasions into the Indian plains and prompted a British misadventure to install Shah Shuja in place of Dost Mohammad Khan leading to ignominious defeat. Later, Afghanistan was seen as the underbelly of the Russian and Soviet empires, and hence a location of interest to British and American strategic causes.

In November 1954, US President Dwight Eisenhower authorized 30 U-2 spy aircraft to be produced for deployment against America’s perceived enemies, especially to investigate Soviet nuclear missiles which could reach the USA. Reconnaissance balloons had been unsuccessful, and numerous Western pilots had been shot down taking photographs from ordinary military aircraft. By June 1956, U-2 were making clandestine flights over the USSR and China. But on May 1 1960, one was shot or forced down over Sverdlovsk, 1,000 miles within Soviet territory. The Americans prevaricated that it had taken off from Turkey on a weather-mission, and been lost due to oxygen problems. Nikita Kruschev then produced the pilot, Francis Gary Powers, who was convicted of spying, though was exchanged later for a Soviet spy. Powers had been headed towards Norway, his task to photograph Soviet missiles from 70,000 ft, his point of origin had been an American base 20 miles from Peshawar.

America needed clandestine “forward bases” from which to fly U-2 aircraft, and Pakistan’s ingratiating military and diplomatic establishment was more than willing to offer such cooperation, fervently wishing to be seen as a “frontline state” against the USSR. “We will help you defeat the USSR and we are hopeful you will help us defeat India” became their constant refrain. By 1986, the Americans had been permitted to build air-bases in Balochistan and also use Mauripur air-base near Karachi.

Jammu & Kashmir and especially Gilgit-Baltistan adjoins the Pashtun regions whose capital has been Peshawar. In August-November 1947, a British coup d’etat against J&K State secured Gilgit-Baltistan for the new British Dominion of Pakistan.

The Treaty of Amritsar had nowhere required Gulab Singh’s dynasty to accept British political control in J&K as came to be exercised by British “Residents” in all other Indian “Native States”. Despite this, Delhi throughout the late 19th Century relentlessly pressed Gulab Singh’s successors Ranbir Singh and Partab Singh to accept political control. The Dogras acquiesced eventually. Delhi’s desire for control had less to do with the welfare of J&K’s people than with protection of increasing British interests in the area, like European migration to Srinagar Valley and guarding against Russian or German moves in Afghanistan. “Sargin” or “Sargin Gilit”, later corrupted by the Sikhs and Dogras into “Gilgit”, had an ancient people who spoke an archaic Dardic language “intermediate between the Iranian and the Sanskritic”. “The Dards were located by Ptolemy with surprising accuracy on the West of the Upper Indus, beyond the headwaters of the Swat River (Greek: Soastus) and north of the Gandarae (i.e. Kandahar), who occupied Peshawar and the country north of it. This region was traversed by two Chinese pilgrims, Fa-Hsien, coming from the north about AD 400 and Hsuan Tsiang, ascending from Swat in AD 629, and both left records of their journeys.”

Gilgit had been historically ruled by a Hindu dynasty called Trakane; when they became extinct, Gilgit Valley “was desolated by successive invasions of neighbouring rulers, and in the 20 or 30 years ending with 1842 there had been five dynastic revolutions. The Sikhs entered Gilgit about 1842 and kept a garrison there.” When J&K came under Gulab Singh, “the Gilgit claims were transferred with it, and a boundary commission was sent” by the British. In 1852 the Dogras were driven out with 2,000 dead. In 1860 under Ranbir Singh, the Dogras “returned to Gilgit and took Yasin twice, but did not hold it. They also in 1866 invaded Darel, one of the most secluded Dard states, to the south of the Gilgit basin but withdrew again.”

The British appointed a Political Agent in Gilgit in 1877 but he was withdrawn in 1881. “In 1889, in order to guard against the advance of Russia, the British Government, acting as the suzerain power of Kashmir, established the Gilgit Agency”. The Agency was re-established under control of the British Resident in Jammu & Kashmir. “It comprised the Gilgit Wazarat; the State of Hunza and Nagar; the Punial Jagir; the Governorships of Yasin, Kuh-Ghizr and Ishkoman, and Chilas”. In 1935, the British demanded J&K lease to them for 60 years Gilgit town plus most of the Gilgit Agency and the hill-states Hunza, Nagar, Yasin and Ishkuman. Hari Singh had no choice but to acquiesce. The leased region was then treated as part of British India, administered by a Political Agent at Gilgit responsible to Delhi, first through the Resident in J& K and later a British Agent in Peshawar. J& K State no longer kept troops in Gilgit and a mercenary force, the Gilgit Scouts, was recruited with British officers and paid for by Delhi. In April 1947, Delhi decided to formally retrocede the leased areas to Hari Singh’s J& K State as of 15 August 1947. The transfer was to formally take place on 1 August.

On 31 July, Hari Singh’s Governor arrived to find “all the officers of the British Government had opted for service in Pakistan”. The Gilgit Scouts’ commander, a Major William Brown aged 25, and his adjutant, a Captain Mathieson, planned openly to engineer a coup détat against Hari Singh’s Government. Between August and October, Gilgit was in uneasy calm. At midnight on 31 October 1947, the Governor was surrounded by the Scouts and the next day he was “arrested” and a provisional government declared.

Hari Singh’s nearest forces were at Bunji, 34 miles from Gilgit, a few miles downstream from where the Indus is joined by Gilgit River. The 6th J& K Infantry Battalion there was a mixed Sikh-Muslim unit, typical of the State’s Army, commanded by a Lt Col. Majid Khan. Bunji controlled the road to Srinagar. Further upstream was Skardu, capital of Baltistan, part of Laddakh District where there was a small garrison. Following Brown’s coup in Gilgit, Muslim soldiers of the 6th Infantry massacred their Sikh brothers-at-arms at Bunji. The few Sikhs who survived escaped to the hills and from there found their way to the garrison at Skardu.

On 4 November 1947, Brown raised the new Pakistani flag in the Scouts’ lines, and by the third week of November a Political Agent from Pakistan had established himself at Gilgit. Brown had engineered Gilgit and its adjoining states to first secede from J&K, and, after some talk of being independent, had promptly acceded to Pakistan. His commander in Peshawar, a Col. Bacon, as well as Col. Iskander Mirza, Defence Secretary in the new Pakistan and later to lead the first military coup détat and become President of Pakistan, were pleased enough. In July 1948, Brown was awarded an MBE (Military) and the British Governor of the NWFP got him a civilian job with ICI~ which however sent him to Calcutta, where he came to be attacked and left for dead on the streets by Sikhs avenging the Bunji massacre. Brown survived, returned to England, started a riding school, and died in 1984. In March 1994, Pakistan awarded his widow the Sitara-I-Pakistan in recognition of his coup détat.

Gilgit’s ordinary people had not participated in Brown’s coup which carried their fortunes into the new Pakistan, and to this day appear to remain without legislative representation. It was merely assumed that since they were mostly Muslim in number they would wish to be part of Pakistan ~ which also became Liaquat Ali Khan’s assumption about J&K State as a whole in his 1950 statements in North America. What the Gilgit case demonstrates is that J&K State’s descent into a legal condition of ownerless anarchy open to “Military Decision” had begun even before the Pakistani invasion of 22 October 1947 (viz. “Solving Kashmir”, The Statesman, 1-3 December 2005). Also, whatever else the British said or did with respect to J & K, they were closely allied to the new Pakistan on the matter of Gilgit.

The peak of Pakistan’s Anglo-American alliance came with the enormous support in the 1980s to guerrilla forces created and headquartered in Peshawar, to battle the USSR and Afghan communists directly across the Durand Line. It was this guerrilla war which became a proximate cause of the collapse of the USSR as a political entity in 1991. President Ronald Reagan’s CIA chief William J. Casey sent vast sums in 1985-1988 to supply and train these guerrillas. The Washington Post and New Yorker reported the CIA training guerrillas “in the use of mortars, rocket grenades, ground-to-air missiles”. 200 hand-held Stinger missiles were supplied for the first time in 1986 and the New Yorker reported Gulbudin Hikmatyar’s “Hizbe Islami” guerrillas being trained to bring down Soviet aircraft. “Mujahideen had been promised two Stingers for every Soviet aircraft brought down. Operators who failed to aim correctly were given additional training… By 1986, the United States was so deeply involved in the Afghan war that Soviet aircraft were being brought down under the supervision of American experts”. (Raja Anwar, The Tragedy of Afghanistan, 1988, p. 234).

The budding US-China détente brokered by Pakistan came into full bloom here. NBC News on 7 January 1980 said “for the first time in history (a senior State Department official) publicly admitted the possibility of concluding a military alliance between the United States and China”. London’s Daily Telegraph reported on 5 January 1980 “China is flying large supplies of arms and ammunition to the insurgents in Afghanistan. According to diplomatic reports, supplies have arrived in Pakistan from China via the Karakoram Highway…. A major build-up of Chinese involvement is underway ~ in the past few days. Scores of Chinese instructors have arrived at the Shola-e-Javed camps.”

Afghan reports in 1983-1985 said “there were eight training camps near the Afghan border operated by the Chinese in Sinkiang province” and that China had supplied the guerrillas “with a variety of weapons including 40,000 RPG-7 and 20,000 RPG-II anti tank rocket launchers.” Like Pakistan, “China did not publicly admit its involvement in the Afghan conflict: in 1985 the Chinese Mission at the UN distributed a letter denying that China was extending any kind of help to the Afghan rebels” (Anwar, ibid. p. 234). Support extended deep and wide across the Arab world. “The Saudi and Gulf rulers … became the financial patrons of the Afghan rebels from the very start of the conflict”. Anwar Sadat, having won the Nobel Peace Prize, was “keen to claim credit for his role in Afghanistan…. by joining the Afghanistan jihad, Sadat could re-establish his Islamic credentials, or so he believed. He could thus not only please the Muslim nations but also place the USA and Israel in his debt.” Sadat’s Defence Minister said in January 1980: “Army camps have been opened for the training of Afghan rebels; they are being supplied with weapons from Egypt” and Sadat told NBC News on 22 September 1981 “that for the last twenty-one months, the USA had been buying arms from Egypt for the Afghan rebels. He said he had been approached by the USA in December 1979 and he had decided to `open my stores’. He further disclosed that these arms were being flown to Pakistan from Egypt by American aircraft. Egypt had vast supplies of SAM-7 and RPG-7 anti-aircraft and anti-tank weapons which Sadat agreed to supply to Afghanistan in exchange for new American arms. The Soviet weapons, being light, were ideally suited to guerrilla warfare. … the Mujahideen could easily claim to have captured them from Soviet and Afghan troops in battle.… Khomeini’s Iran got embroiled in war (against Iraq) otherwise Kabul would also have had to contend with the full might of the Islamic revolutionaries.” (Anwar ibid. p. 235).

Afghanistan had been occupied on 26-27 December 1979 by Soviet forces sent by the decrepit Leonid Brezhnev and Yuri Andropov to carry out a putsch replacing one communist, Hafizullah Amin, with a rival communist and Soviet protégé, Babrak Karmal. By 1985 Brezhnev and Andropov were dead and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev had begun his attempts to reform the Soviet system, usher in openness, end the Cold War and in particular withdraw from Afghanistan, which by 1986 he had termed “a bleeding wound”. Gorbachev replaced Karmal with a new protégé Najibullah Khan, who was assigned the impossible task of bringing about national reconciliation with the Pakistan-based guerrillas and form a national government. Soviet forces withdrew from Afghanistan in February 1989 having lost 14,500 dead, while more than a million Afghans had been killed since the invasion a decade earlier.

Not long after Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution, Gregory Zinoviev had said that international communism “turns today to the peoples of the East and says to them, `Brothers, we summon you to a Holy War first of all against British imperialism!’ At this there were cries of Jehad! Jehad! And much brandishing of picturesque Oriental weapons.” (Treadgold, Twentieth Century Russia, 1990, p. 213). Now instead, the Afghan misadventure had contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Empire itself, the USSR ceasing to be a political entity by 1991, and even Gorbachev being displaced by Boris Yeltsin and later Vladimir Putin in a new Russia.

What resulted for the people of the USA and Britain and the West in general was that they no longer had to live under threat of hostile Soviet tanks and missiles, while the people of Russia, Ukraine and the other erstwhile Soviet republics as well as Eastern Europe were able to throw off the yoke of communism that had oppressed them since the Bolshevik Revolution and instead to breathe the air of freedom.

What happened to the people of Afghanistan, however, was that they were plunged into further ghastly civil war for more than ten years. And what happened to the people of Pakistan was that their country was left resembling a gigantic Islamist military camp, awash with airfields, arms, ammunition and trained guerrillas, as well as a military establishment enlivened as always by perpetual hope that these supplies, provisions and personnel of war might find alternative use in attacks against India over J& K. “We helped you when you wished to see the Soviet Union defeated and withdrawing in Afghanistan”, Pakistan’s generals and diplomats pleaded with the Americans and British, “now you must help us in our wish to see India defeated and withdrawing in Kashmir”. Pakistan’s leaders even believed that just as the Soviet Union had disintegrated afterwards, the Indian Union perhaps might be made to do the same. Not only were the two cases as different as chalk from cheese, Palmerstone’s dictum there are no permanent allies in the politics of nations could not have found more apt use than in what actually came to take place next.

Pakistan’s generals and diplomats felt betrayed by the loss of Anglo-American paternalism towards them after 1989.

Modern Pakistanis had never felt they subscribed to the Indian nationalist movement culminating in independence in August 1947. The Pakistani state now finally declared its independence in the world by exploding bombs in a nuclear arsenal secretly created with help purchased from China and North Korea. Pakistan’s leaders thus came to feel in some control of Pakistan’s destiny as a nation-state for the first time, more than fifty years after Pakistan’s formal creation in 1947. If nothing else, at least they had the Bomb.

Secondly, America and its allies would not be safe for long since the civil war they had left behind in Afghanistan while trying to defeat the USSR now became a brew from which arose a new threat of violent Islamism. Osama bin Laden and the Taliban, whom Pakistan’s military and the USA had promoted, now encouraged unprecedented attacks on the American mainland on September 11 2001 ~ causing physical and psychological damage which no Soviet, Chinese or Cuban missiles ever had been allowed to do. In response, America attacked and removed the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, once again receiving the cooperative use of Pakistani manpower and real estate ~ except now there was no longer any truck with the Pakistani establishment’s wish for a quid pro quo of Anglo-American support against India on J&K. Pakistan’s generals and diplomats soon realised their Anglo-American alliance of more than a half-century ended on September 11 2001. Their new cooperation was in killing or arresting and handing over fellow-Muslims and necessarily lacked their earlier feelings of subservience and ingratiation towards the Americans and British, and came to be done instead under at least some duress. No benefit could be reaped any more in the fight against India over Jammu & Kashmir. An era had ended in the subcontinent.

FIVE

WHAT TO TELL MUSHARRAF: PEACE IS IMPOSSIBLE WITHOUT NON-AGGRESSIVE PAKISTANI INTENTIONS by Subroto Roy, First published in The Statesman December 15 2006 Editorial Page Special Article, www.thestatesman.net

In June 1989 a project at an American university involving Pakistani and other scholars, including one Indian, led to the book Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s published in Karachi, New Delhi and elsewhere. The book reached Nawaz Sharif and the Islamabad elite, and General Musharraf’s current proposal on J&K, endorsed warmly by the US State Department last week, derives from the last paragraph of its editorial introduction: “Kashmir… must be demilitarised and unified by both countries sooner or later, and it must be done without force. There has been enough needless bloodshed on the subcontinent… Modern Pakistanis and Indians are free peoples who can voluntarily agree in their own interests to alter the terms set hurriedly by Attlee or Mountbatten in the Indian Independence Act 1947. Nobody but we ourselves keeps us prisoners of superficial definitions of who we are or might be. The subcontinent could evolve its political identity over a period of time on the pattern of Western Europe, with open borders and (common) tariffs to the outside world, with the free movement of people, capital, ideas and culture. Large armed forces could be reduced and transformed in a manner that would enhance the security of each nation. The real and peaceful economic revolution of the masses of the subcontinent would then be able to begin.”

The editors as economists decried the waste of resources involved in the Pakistan-India confrontation, saying it had “greatly impoverished the general budgets of both Pakistan and India. If it has benefited important sections of the political and military elites of  both countries, it has done so only at the expense of the general welfare of the masses.”

International law

Such words may have been bold in the early 1990s but today, a decade and a half later, they seem incomplete and rather naïve even to their author, who was myself, the only Indian in that project. Most significantly, the position in international law in the context of historical facts had been wholly neglected. So had been the manifest nature of the contemporary Pakistani state.

Jammu & Kashmir became an entity in international law when the Treaty of Amritsar was signed between Gulab Singh and the British on March 16 1846. British India itself became an entity in international law much later, possibly as late as June 1919 when it signed the Treaty of Versailles. As for Pakistan, it had no existence in world history or international law until August 14 1947, when the British created it as a new entity out of certain demarcated areas of British India and gave it the status of a Dominion. British India dissolved itself on August 15 1947 and the Dominion of India became its successor-state in international law on that date. As BR Ambedkar pointed out at the time, the new India automatically inherited British India’s suzerainty over any and all remaining “princely” states of so-called “Indian India”. In case of J&K in particular, there never was any question of it being recognised as an independent entity in global international law.

The new Pakistan, by entering a Standstill Agreement with J&K as of August 15 1947, did locally recognise J&K’s sovereignty over its decision whether to join Pakistan or India. But this Pakistani recognition lasted only until the attack on J&K that commenced from Pakistani territory as of October 22 1947, an attack in which Pakistani forces were complicit (something which, in different and mutating senses, has continued ever since). The Dominion of India had indicated it might have consented if J&K’s Ruler had decided to accede to Pakistan in the weeks following the dissolution of British India. But no such thing happened: what did happen was the descent of J&K into a condition of legal anarchy.

Beginning with the Pakistani attack on J&K as of October 22 upto and including the Rape of Baramulla and the British-led Pakistani coup détat in Gilgit on one side, and the arrival of Indian forces as well as mobilization by Sheikh Abdullah and Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad of J&K’s civilians to repel the Pakistani invaders on the other side, the State of Jammu & Kashmir became an ownerless entity in international law. In Roman Law, from which all modern international and municipal law ultimately derives, the ownership of an ownerless entity is open to be determined by “military decision”. The January 1949 Ceasefire Line that came to be renamed the Line of Control after the 1971 Bangladesh War, demarcates the respective territories that the then-Dominions and later Republics of India and Pakistan acquired by “military decision” of the erstwhile State of J&K which had come to cease to exist.

What the Republic of India means by saying today that boundaries cannot be redrawn nor any populations forcibly transferred is quite simply that the division of erstwhile J&K territory is permanent, and that sovereignty over it is indivisible. It is only sheer ignorance on the part of General Musharraf’s Indian interviewer the other day which caused it to be said that Pakistan was willing to “give up” its claim on erstwhile J&K State territory which India has held: Pakistan has never had nor even made such a  claim in international law. What Pakistan has claimed is that India has been an occupier and that there are many people inhabiting the Indian area who may not wish to be Indian nationals and who are being compelled against their will to remain so ~  forgetting to add that precisely the same could be said likewise of the Pakistani-held area.

Accordingly, the lawful solution proposed in these pages a year ago to resolve that matter, serious as it is, has been that the Republic of India invite every person covered under Article 370, citizen-by- citizen, under a condition of full information, to privately and without fear decide, if he/she has not done so already, between possible Indian, Iranian, Afghan or Pakistani nationalities ~ granting rights and obligations of permanent residents to any of those persons who may choose for whatever private reason not to remain Indian nationals. If Pakistan acted likewise, the problem of J&K would indeed come to be resolved. The Americans, as self- appointed mediators, have said they wish “the people of the region to have a voice” in a solution: there can be no better expression of such voice than allowing individuals to privately choose their own nationalities and their rights and responsibilities accordingly. The issue of territorial sovereignty is logically distinct from that of the choice of nationality by individual inhabitants.

Military de-escalation

Equally significant though in assessing whether General Musharraf’s proposal is an  anachronism, is Pakistan’s history since 1947: through Ayub’s 1965 attack, the civil war and secession of Bangladesh, the Afghan war and growth of the ISI, the Kargil incursion, the 1999 coup détat, and, once or twice removed, the 9/11 attacks against America. It is not a history that allows any confidence to arise in Indians that we are not dealing with a country misgoverned by a tiny arrogant exploitative military elite who remain hell-bent on aggression against us. Like the USA and USSR twenty years ago, what we need to negotiate about, and negotiate hard about, is an overall mutual military drawdown and de-escalation appropriate to lack of aggressive intent on both sides. Is General Musharraf willing to discuss that? It would involve reciprocal verifiable assessment of one another’s reasonable military requirements on the assumption that each was not a threatening enemy of the other. That was how the USA-USSR drawdown and de-escalation occurred successfully. If General Musharraf is unwilling to enter such a discussion, there is hardly anything to talk about with him. We should wait for democracy to return.

SIX

“AN INDIAN REPLY TO PRESIDENT ZARDARI: REWARDING PAKISTAN FOR BAD BEHAVIOUR LEADS TO SCHIZOPHRENIC RELATIONSHIPS”

by Subroto Roy, December 17 2008

Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari’s recent argument in the New York Times resembles closely the well-known publications of his ambassador to the United States, Mr Husain Haqqani. Unfortunately, this Zardari-Haqqani thesis about Pakistan’s current predicament in the world and the world’s predicament with Pakistan is shot through with clear factual and logical errors. These need to be aired because true or useful conclusions cannot be reached from mistaken premises or faulty reasoning.

1. Origins of Pakistan, India, J&K, and their mutual problems

Mr Zardari makes the following seemingly innocuous statement:

“…. the two great nations of Pakistan and India, born together from the same revolution and mandate in 1947, must continue to move forward with the peace process.”

Now as a matter of simple historical fact, the current entities in the world system known as India and Pakistan were not “born together from the same revolution and mandate in 1947”. It is palpably false to suppose they were and Pakistanis indulge in wishful thinking and self-deception about their own political history if they suppose this.

India’s Republic arose out of the British Dominion known as “India” which was the legal successor of the entity known previously in international law as “British India”. British India had had secular governance and so has had the Indian Republic.

By contrast, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan arose out of a newly created state in international law known as the British Dominion of Pakistan, consisting of designated territory carved out of British India by a British decision and coming into existence one day before British India extinguished itself. (Another new state, Bangladesh, later seceded from Pakistan.)

The British decision to create territory designated “Pakistan” had nothing to do with any anti-British “revolution” or “mandate” supported by any Pakistani nationalism because there was none. (Rahmat Ali’s anti-Hindu pamphleteering in London could be hardly considered Pakistani nationalism against British rule. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan’s Pashtun patriots saw themselves as Indian, not Pakistani.)

To the contrary, the British decision had to do with a small number of elite Pakistanis — MA Jinnah foremost among them — demanding not to be part of the general Indian nationalist movement that had been demanding a British departure from power in the subcontinent. Jinnah’s separatist party, the Muslim League, was trounced in the 1937 provincial elections in all the Muslim-majority areas of British India that would eventually become Pakistan. Despite this, in September 1939, Britain, at war with Nazi Germany, chose to elevate the political power of Jinnah and his League to parity with the general Indian nationalist movement led by MK Gandhi. (See, Francis Robinson, in William James and Subroto Roy (eds), Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s.) Britain needed India’s mostly Muslim infantry-divisions — the progenitors of the present-day Pakistan Army — and if that meant tilting towards a risky political idea of “Pakistan” in due course, so it would be. The thesis that Pakistan arose from any kind of “revolution” or “mandate” in 1947 is fantasy — the Muslim super-elite that invented and endorsed the Pakistan idea flew from Delhi to Karachi in chartered BOAC Dakotas, caring not a hoot about the vulnerability of ordinary Muslim masses to Sikh and Hindu majority wrath and retaliation on the ground.

Modern India succeeded to the rights and obligations of British India in international law, and has had a recognized existence as a state since at least the signing of the Armistice and Treaty of Versailles in 1918-1919. India was a founding member of the United Nations, being a signatory of the 1945 San Francisco Declaration, and an original member of the Bretton Woods institutions. An idea put forward by Argentina that as of 1947 India and Pakistan were both successor states of British India was rejected by the UN (Argentina withdrew its own suggestion), and it was universally acknowledged India was already a member of the UN while Pakistan would have to (and did) apply afresh for membership as a newly created state in the UN. Pakistan’s entry into the UN had the enthusiastic backing of India and was opposed by only one existing UN member, Afghanistan, due to a conflict that continues to this day over the legitimacy of the Durand Line that bifurcated the Pashtun areas.

Such a review of elementary historical facts and the position in law of Pakistan and India is far from being of merely pedantic interest today. Rather, it goes directly to the logical roots of the conflict over the erstwhile State of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) — a state that itself originated as an entity in the world system a full century before Pakistan was to do so and more than half a century before British India did, but which would collapse into anarchy and civil war in 1947-1949.

Britain (or England) had been a major nation-state in the world system recognized since Grotius first outlined modern international law. On March 16 1846, Britain entered into a treaty, the Treaty of Amritsar, with one Gulab Singh, and the “State of Jammu & Kashmir” came to arise as a recognizable entity in international law for the first time. (See my “History of Jammu and Kashmir” published in The Statesman, Oct 29-30 2006, available elsewhere here.)

Jammu & Kashmir continued in orderly existence as a state until it crashed into legal and political anarchy and civil war a century later. The new Pakistan had entered into a “Standstill Agreement” with the State of Jammu & Kashmir as of August 15 1947. On or about October 22 1947, Pakistan unilaterally ended that Standstill Agreement and instead caused military forces from its territory to attack the State of Jammu & Kashmir along the Mansehra Road towards Baramula and Srinagar, coinciding too with an Anglo-Pakistani coup d’etat in Gilgit and Baltistan (see my “Solving Kashmir”; “Law, Justice & J&K”; “Pakistan’s Allies”, all published in The Statesman in 2005-2006 and available elsewhere here).

The new Pakistan had chosen, in all deliberation, to forswear law, politics and diplomacy and to resort to force of arms instead in trying to acquire J&K for itself via a military decision. It succeeded only partially. Its forces took and then lost both Baramula and Kargil; they may have threatened Leh but did not attempt to take it; they did take and retain Muzaffarabad and Skardu; they were never near taking the summer capital, Srinagar, though might have threatened the winter capital, Jammu.

All in all, a Ceasefire Line came to be demarcated on the military positions as of February 1 1949. After a war in 1971 that accompanied the secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan, that Ceasefire Line came to be renamed the “Line of Control” between Pakistan and India. An ownerless entity may be acquired by force of arms — the erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir in 1947-1949 had become an ownerless entity that had been dismembered and divided according to military decision following an armed conflict between Pakistan and India. The entity in the world system known as the “State of Jammu & Kashmir” created on March 16 1846 by Gulab Singh’s treaty with the British ceased to exist as of October 22 1947. Pakistan had started the fight over J&K but there is a general rule of conflicts that he who starts a fight does not get to finish it.

Such is the simplest and most practical statement of the history of the current problem. The British, through their own compulsions and imperial pretensions, raised all the talk about a “Lapse of Paramountcy” of the British Crown over the “Native Princes” of “Indian India”, and of how, the “Native Princes” were required to “accede” to either India or Pakistan. This ignored Britain’s own constitutional law. BR Ambedkar pointed out with unsurpassed clarity that no “Lapse of Paramountcy” was possible even for a single logical moment since “Paramountcy” over any “Native Princes” who had not joined India or Pakistan as of August 15 1947, automatically passed from British India to its legal successor, namely, the Dominion of India. It followed that India’s acquiescence was required for any subsequent accession to Pakistan – an acquiescence granted in case of Chitral and denied in case of Junagadh.

What the Republic of India means by saying today that boundaries cannot be redrawn nor any populations forcibly transferred is quite simply that the division of erstwhile J&K territory is permanent, and that sovereignty over it is indivisible. What Pakistan has claimed is that India has been an occupier and that there are many people inhabiting the Indian area who may not wish to be Indian nationals and who are being compelled against their will to remain so ~ forgetting to add that precisely the same could be said likewise of the Pakistani-held area. The lawful solution I proposed in “Solving Kashmir, “Law, Justice and J&K” and other works has been that the Republic of India invite every person covered under its Article 370, citizen-by-citizen, under a condition of full information, to privately and without fear decide, if he/she has not done so already, between possible Indian, Iranian, Afghan or Pakistani nationalities ~ granting rights and obligations of permanent residents to any of those persons who may choose for whatever private reason not to remain Indian nationals. If Pakistan acted likewise, the problem of J&K would indeed come to be resolved. The Americans, as self-appointed mediators, have said they wish “the people of the region to have a voice” in a solution: there can be no better expression of such voice than allowing individuals to privately choose their own nationalities and their rights and responsibilities accordingly. The issue of territorial sovereignty is logically distinct from that of the choice of nationality by individual inhabitants.

2. Benazir’s assassination falsely compared to the Mumbai massacres
Secondly, President Zardari draws a mistaken comparison between the assassination last year of his wife, Benazir Bhutto, and the Mumbai massacres a few weeks ago. Ms Bhutto’s assassination may resemble more closely the assassinations in India of Indira Gandhi in 1984 and Rajiv Gandhi in 1991.

Indira Gandhi died in “blowback” from the unrest she and her younger son and others in their party had opportunistically fomented among Sikh fundamentalists and sectarians since the late 1970s. Rajiv Gandhi died in “blowback” from an erroneous imperialistic foreign policy that he, as Prime Minister, had been induced to make by jingoistic Indian diplomats, a move that got India’s military needlessly involved in the then-nascent Sri Lankan civil war. Benazir Bhutto similarly may be seen to have died in “blowback” from her own political activity as prime minister and opposition leader since the late 1980s, including her own encouragement of Muslim fundamentalist forces. Certainly in all three cases, as in all assassinations, there were lapses of security too and imprudent political judgments made that contributed to the tragic outcomes.

Ms Bhutto’s assassination has next to nothing to do with the Mumbai massacres, besides the fact the perpetrators in both cases were Pakistani terrorists. President Zardari saying he himself has lost his wife to terrorism is true but not relevant to the proper diagnosis of the Mumbai massacres or to Pakistan-India relations in general. Rather, it serves to deflect criticism and condemnation of the Pakistani state’s pampered handing of Pakistan’s terrorist masterminds, as well as the gross irresponsibility of Pakistan’s military scientists (not AQ Khan) who have been recently advocating a nuclear first strike against India in the event of war.

3. Can any religious nation-state be viable in the modern world?

President Zardari’s article says:

“The world worked to exploit religion against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan by empowering the most fanatic extremists as an instrument of destruction of a superpower. The strategy worked, but its legacy was the creation of an extremist militia with its own dynamic.”

This may be overly simplistic. As pointed out in my article “Pakistan’s Allies”, Gregory Zinoviev himself after the Bolshevik Revolution had declared that international communism “turns today to the peoples of the East and says to them, ‘Brothers, we summon you to a Holy War first of all against British imperialism!’ At this there were cries of Jehad! Jehad! And much brandishing of picturesque Oriental weapons.” (Treadgold, Twentieth Century Russia, 1990, p. 213). For more than half of the 20th century, orthodox Muslims had been used by Soviet communists against British imperialism, then by the British and Americans (through Pakistan) against Soviet communism. Touché! Blowback and counter-blowback! The real question that arises from this today may be why orthodox Muslims have allowed themselves to be used either way by outside forces and have failed in developing a modern nation-state and political culture of their own. Europe and America only settled down politically after their religious wars were over. Perhaps no religious nation-state is viable in the modern world.

4. Pakistan’s behaviour leads to schizophrenia in international relations

President Zardari pleads for, or perhaps demands, resources from the world:

“the best response to the Mumbai carnage is to coordinate in counteracting the scourge of terrorism. The world must act to strengthen Pakistan’s economy and democracy, help us build civil society and provide us with the law enforcement and counterterrorism capacities that will enable us to fight the terrorists effectively.”

Six million pounds from Mr Gordon Brown, so much from here or there etc – President Zardari has apparently demanded 100 billion dollars from America and that is the price being talked about for Pakistan to dismantle its nuclear weapons and be brought under an American “nuclear umbrella” instead.

I have pointed out elsewhere that what Pakistan seems to have been doing in international relations for decades is send out “mixed messages” – i.e. contradictory signals, whether in thought, word or deed. Clinical psychologists following the work of Gregory Bateson would say this leads to confusion among Pakistan’s interlocutors (a “double bind”) and the symptoms arise of what may be found in schizophrenic relationships. (See my article “Do President-elect Obama’s Pakistan specialists believe…”; on the “double bind” theory, an article I chanced to publish in the Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1986, may be of interest).

Here are a typical set of “mixed messages” emanating from Pakistan’s government and opinion-makers:

“We have nuclear weapons
“We keep our nuclear weapons safe from any misuse or unauthorized use
“We are willing to use nuclear weapons in a first strike against India
“We do not comprehend the lessons of Hiroshima-Nagasaki
“We do not comprehend the destruction India will visit upon us if we strike them
“We are dangerous so we must not be threatened in any way
“We are peace-loving and want to live in peace with India and Afghanistan
“We love to play cricket with India and watch Bollywood movies
“We love our Pakistan Army as it is one public institution that works
“We know the Pakistan Army has backed armed militias against India in the past
“We know these militias have caused terrorist attacks
“We are not responsible for any terrorist attacks
“We do not harbour any terrorists
“We believe the world should pay us to not use or sell our nuclear weapons
“We believe the world should pay us to not encourage the terrorists in our country
“We believe the world should pay us to prevent terrorists from using our nuclear weapons
“We hate India and do not want to become like India
“We love India and want to become like India
“We are India and we are not India…”

Etc.

A mature rational responsible and self-confident Pakistan would have said instead:

“We apologise to India and other countries for the outrageous murders our nationals have committed in Mumbai and elsewhere
“We ask the world to watch how our professional army is deployed to disarm civilian and all “non-state” actors of unauthorized firearms and explosives
“We do not need and will not demand or accept a dollar in any sort of foreign aid, military or civilian, to solve our problems
“We realize our economic and political institutions are a mess and we must clean them up
“We will strive to build a society imbued with what Iqbal described as the spirit of modern times..”

As someone who created at great personal cost at an American university twenty years ago the book Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s, I have a special interest in hoping that Pakistan shall find the path of wisdom.”

Two scientific Boses who should have but never won Nobels

Einstein’s young collaborator Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974) should have been a winner, and has the Boson particle and Bose-Einstein statistics named after him.

Much before him, Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858-1937) deserved to win in two fields: physics and medicine. Marconi and Braun shared the 1909 Physics Prize “for development of wireless telegraphy” – but this was an achievement in which Bose shared more than equally though he was deprived of due honour and recognition, his work coming to light only in the last decade. In Physiology/Medicine, Bose’s work was so far ahead of his time it seemed controversial to lesser men. He introduced new delicate instruments, one of which, the crescograph magnified small movements in plant growth 10 million times. Among his numerous other contributions were demonstration of a parallelism between plant and animal tissues. I should declare an interest as JC Bose was a friend of my great grandfather’s, and his visits to our home are still remembered by my father, now in his 90s. I said in 2007 about him “had Bose been less of a great scientific soul and even slightly more of a businessman than he was by temperament and character, he should have been a winner too”.

New Media:Old Media, Parasite:Host? A Discussion Between Bruce Bartlett & Subroto Roy (Updated Sep 27)

From Facebook:

Bruce Bartlett: This is the best picture of the diminution of the formerly major media that I have seen.

Subroto Roy: The long run problem though is how does new media actually become profitable enough to supplant the old, not just supplement it as it does now.

BB: I think it’s a given that that will happen eventually. The problem is how to maintain quality control and accountability in the new media when editorial oversight has effectively disappeared.

SR: Editorial oversight is substituted for by mutual peer review and reputation protection (as well as a return perhaps to a pre-codification state of customary law). But still, small subscription or user charges for many millions of users may be the only long run way to sustain it, not old media advertising.

BB: I have doubts about peer review being a viable replacement for editorial control. It’s too easy to delete comments, links get broken, search engines only scan the surface etc. The virtue of traditional media is that they have systems in place that ensure a degree of responsibility at least in the hard news coverage. That simply diesn’t exist in the new media and probably won’t be created because such systems are costly and time-consuming.

SR: In that case new and old will coexist, with new continually lifting material for free from the old without recompense. (Arianna H. had a nice comparison/contrast some months ago.) The equilibrium outcome may be one of vertically integrated companies…. Come to think of it, where is Rupert Murdoch in the new media world?

BB: I am sympathetic to the idea of modifying the antitrust laws to allow newspapers to collude to create some sort of payment system that all papers could participate in. Congress created such an exemption for baseball and I think newspapers are at least as important.

SR: Well vertical would involve the Murdochs of the world buying up the Googles and the Facebooks (or perhaps being bought up by them instead).

BB: Murdoch tried that by buying MySpace, which hasn’t worked out so well.

SR: Vertical integration is not easy managerially but it may provide the only business model in the long run for new media to coexist parasitically with old media — old media does the basic research and earns the revenue, new media spreads the technology and earns the goodwill while living off the old.

BB: I don’t agree. I think some sort of horizonal integration among news providers may be viable. The new media are essentially parasitic, living off the reportage and infrastructure created by the old media. We all know that the old media need to charge for content. But they can’t without creating some sort of arrangement that would basically involve price fixing. This is where modification of the antitrust laws would help. The alternative, I fear, is government subsidies of some kind to preserve the basic news gathering function.

SR: Well there is agreement then that the parasite metaphor may be useful. Old media is the host where new media is the parasite. Good parasites tend to be in a symbiotic relationship with their host, feeding off it but also doing good to it. It would be a foolish parasite that kills off its host altogether. In case of media, someone (Publisher) pays someone else (Reporter) to witness/record Event A. That is Stage One. Then Publisher pays someone else again (Editor) to evaluate whether the report about A deserves or not to be published via the airwaves (radio, TV), cables (Internet) or dead trees (newsprint). That is Stage Two. Our new media parasite can do Stage Two well but relies on old media entirely for Stage One, and without Stage One there is no Stage Two. Vertical integration here would merely mean the host-parasite relationship becomes contractually acknowledged. I do think the dead-tree aspect will become reduced even further but radio and TV will survive.

BB: The biggest problem with my idea is the problem of leakage. One blogger like Drudge can subscribe to all the hard news web sites and just recycle their reportage for free. I don’t know what to do about that and it argues for your idea of vertical integration. But you have the same problem in that there is no way of controlling new entrants. It may be that the problem cannot be solved and we will have to muddle through somehow. In a column a while back I suggested that reporting will never pay for itself and will have to be subsidized through foundations, universities and the like.

SR: A point of yours on which I agree is this: consumers of the Internet are gaining a free good, namely the outcome of the parasitic process we discussed, and hence there is a prima facie argument for them to be taxed (by a license fee for example) and, say, newsprint or journalism schools subsidised with the earmarked proceeds.

BB: Insofar as news gathering is a public good there is a case for some sort of tax to subsize it. The problem is that I don’t see any practical way of taxing Internet access, which would be the logical tax base. Second, I don’t see any practical way of subsiding news gathering without the danger of government control. There are also first amendment problems. Perhaps there is some way that the major search engines like Google could finance a C-SPAN-type basic news gathering service.

SR: We simply do what the BBC did when it started 70+ years ago, namely, license fees for radio and then TV. So each Internet connection gets taxed or pays a one-time or annual license fee. It is the logical tax base for sure. Re. subsiding news gathering, that is why I said subsidise newsprint (expensive raw material common to all newspapers), and perhaps subsidise young journalists in training (left, right or centre). That’s about it. Yes the C-Span model is good too but will depend on largesse of very rich people.

BB: Per our discussion.

SR: Cool.

(That is where the conversation stands as of about Sep 27 2009. Feel free to join in or model better.)

My Ten Articles on China, Tibet, Xinjiang, Taiwan in relation to India (2007-2009)

nehru
I have had a close interest in China ever  since the “Peking Spring” more than thirty years ago (if not from when I gave all my saved pocket money to Nehru in 1962 to fight the Chinese aggression) but I had not published anything relating to China until 2007-2008 when I published the ten articles listed below:

“Understanding China”, The Statesman Oct 22 2007

“India-US interests: Elements of a serious Indian foreign policy”, The Statesman Oct 30 2007

“China’s India Aggression”, The Statesman, Nov 5 2007,

“Surrender or Fight? War is not a cricket match or Bollywood movie. Can India fight China if it must? “ The Statesman, Dec 4 2007

“China’s Commonwealth: Freedom is the Road to Resolving Taiwan, Tibet, Sinkiang” The Statesman, December 17, 2007

“Nixon & Mao vs India: How American foreign policy did a U-turn about Communist China’s India aggression”. The Statesman, January 7 2008.

“Lessons from the 1962 War: there are distinct Tibetan, Chinese and Indian points of view that need to be mutually comprehended,” The Statesman, January 15, 2008

“China’s India Example: Tibet, Xinjiang May Not Be Assimilated Like Inner Mongolia, Manchuria”, The Statesman, March 25, 2008

“China’s force and diplomacy: The need for realism in India”, The Statesman, May 31, 2008

“Transparency and history” (with Claude Arpi), Business Standard, Dec 31 2008

With new tensions on the Tibet-India border apparently being caused by the Chinese military, these may be helpful for India to determine a Plan B, or even a Plan A, in its dealings with Communist China.

See also https://independentindian.com/1990/09/18/my-meeting-jawaharlal-nehru-2/

On the zenith and nadir of US-India relations

scan0010

“Oh, Renford? He’s a genius!”: A post-War Cambridge story

“Oh, Renford? He’s a genius!” That is what the late Dharma Kumar (1928-2001) said to me in the summer of 1998 at her Delhi home in what would be our last meeting.

I was taken aback.  She and I had met after a long decade.  Discussing what I had been up to, I had mentioned my application of the work of Renford Bambrough to economic theory in my 1989 book Philosophy of Economics.

“Oh, Renford? He’s a genius!” —  Dharma repeated blandly, seeming surprised that I did not get it.

“Oh, Renford? He’s a genius!” — she said a third time more slowly, and then, seeing my uncomprehending stare,  explained to me that that was the common saying at Cambridge about the young Renford Bambrough back in the post-War years when she had herself arrived there as an undergraduate.

Now, finally, I got it.  “Oh, Renford? He’s a genius!”

In “Conflict and the Scope of Reason”, Renford Bambrough recounted that he had, around 1948, crossed the great Bertrand Russell himself at a meeting of the Labour Club.  Russell had made a proposal (which he apparently denied later ever having made) of preventive atomic war against the USSR.  Sooner or later there would be conflict between the USSR and the West, the argument went, on balance it would be worse  to live under pax Sovietica than pax Americana; therefore, Russell had argued, the West’s existing power should be used to ensure the Soviets never acquired the same.   At question-time, young Renford, aged 22, asked Russell why, from a purely philosophical point of view, it mattered  “if the human race did destroy itself rather than die of natural causes later”.  There was laughter among the audience, and then Russell said he had enormously liked the question, and wished he could “achieve the degree of detachment here displayed by one so young.  But I confess that I, for my part, have never been able to overcome my feelings of concern for the welfare of the species of which I am a member”.  Russell had misunderstood the question or deftly avoided it, but even so he had noticed in his young interlocutor the calm detachment that would mark all his later thought.

John Renford Bambrough was born on April 29 1926 and died on January 17th 1999.  I have written a little about him here and shall write more fully about him anon.

 

See especially

Is “Cambridge Philosophy” dead, in Cambridge? Can it be resurrected, there? Case Study: Renford Bambrough (& Subroto Roy) preceded by decades Cheryl Misak’s thesis on Wittgenstein being linked with Peirce via Ramsey… https://independentindian.com/2017/10/27/cambridge-philosophy-rest-in-peace-yes-bambrough-i-preceded-misaks-link-by-deacades/

Also

“1.24. Bambrough publicly asked Russell in 1948 if it made a difference if humans as a species perished before their time. If we are destined to be extinct in x years does it matter if we perish by y<x ? Russell dodged the question. I’ve said yes it does matter because we don’t produce the Da Vinci etc work we may have done… My answer is yes it does matter if humankind perishes at y< x as the good (or net good) we would have produced between y and x never gets created. A future intelligence would find less about us…” Physics and Reasoning 

https://independentindian.com/2017/09/26/physics-reasoning-an-ongoing-tract-by-subroto-roy-draft-26-9-2017/

Subroto Roy

 

 

On the curious pre-9/11 quaintness of current criticism of India’s 1998 nuclear tests

I said towards the end of my June 4-5 2006 article in The Statesman “Pakistan’s Allies”

“…America and its allies would not be safe for long since the civil war they had left behind in Afghanistan while trying to defeat the USSR now became a brew from which arose a new threat of violent Islamism. Osama bin Laden and the Taliban, whom Pakistan’s military and the USA had promoted, now encouraged unprecedented attacks on the American mainland on September 11 2001 ~ causing physical and psychological damage which no Soviet, Chinese or Cuban missiles ever had been allowed to do….”

Earlier, in The Statesman of October 26 2005,  I had outlined a series of recent US espionage failures

“There have been three or four enormous failures of American espionage (i.e. intelligence and counter-intelligence) in the last 20 years. The collapse of the Berlin Wall and the end of Soviet communism were salubrious events but they had not been foreseen by the United States which was caught unawares by the speed and nature of the developments that took place. Other failures have been catastrophic.

First, there was the failure to prevent the attack that took place on the American mainland on September 11 2001. It killed several thousand civilians and caused vast, perhaps irreparable, psychological and physical destruction to the United States. The attack was without precedent. The December 7 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour in Hawaii, though a surprise, was carried out by one military against another military and did not affect very many civilians (except that thousands of American civilians of Japanese ancestry came to be persecuted and placed in concentration camps for years by the US Government). And the last time the American mainland had been attacked before 2001 was in 1814 when British troops marched south from Canada and burnt down the Capitol and the US President’s house in Washington.

Secondly, there has been a failure to discover any reasonable justification for the American-led attack on Iraq and its invasion and occupation. Without any doubt, America has lost, at the very least, an incalculable amount of international goodwill as a result of this, let aside suffering two thousand young soldiers killed, fifteen thousand wounded, and an unending cost in terms of prestige and resources in return for the thinnest of tangible gains. India at great cost liberated East Pakistan from the brutal military tyranny of Yahya Khan and Tikka Khan in December 1971 but the average Bangladeshi today could hardly care less. Regardless of what form of government emerges in Iraq now, there is no doubt the mass of the Iraqi people will cheer the departure of the bulk of foreign troops and tanks from their country (even if a permanent set of a dozen hermetically sealed American bases remain there for ever, as appears to have been planned).

When things go wrong in any democracy, it is natural and healthy to set up a committee to investigate, and America has done that several times now. For such committees to have any use at all they must be as candid as possible and perhaps the most candid of the American committees has been the US Government’s 9/11 Commission. But it too has appeared no closer to finding out who was the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks or who financed it and who, precisely, executed it. Osama Bin Laden may have been the ideological head of a movement allied to the perpetrators, and Bin Laden undoubtedly expressed his glee afterwards, but it beggars the imagination that Bin Laden could have been executive president in charge of this operation while crawling around Sudan, Pakistan and Afghanistan. If not him, then whom? Mossad the Israeli spy agency was supposed to have pointed to a super-secret invisible Lebanese terrorist but nobody really knows. The biggest modern mass murder remains unsolved.

As for solutions, the American 9/11 Commission went into the same politically correct formulae that came to be followed in 2005 by British PM Tony Blair’s New Labour Cabinet, namely, that “moderate” peace-loving Muslims must be encouraged and bribed not to turn to terrorism (indeed to expose those among them who do), while “extremist” Muslims must be stamped out with brute force. This rests on a mistaken premise that an economic carrot-and-stick policy can work in creating a set of external incentives and disincentives for Muslims, when in fact believing Muslims, like many other religious believers, are people who feel the power of their religion deep within themselves and so are unlikely to be significantly affected by external incentives or disincentives offered by non-believers.  Another committee has been the United States Senate’s Select Committee on Intelligence which reported in July 2004, and from whose findings have stemmed as an offshoot the current matter about whether high government officials broke the law that is being investigated by Special Prosecutor Patrick J. Fitzgerald.

Bertrand Russell said in his obituary of Ludwig Wittgenstein that he had once gone about looking under all the tables and chairs to prove to Wittgenstein that there was not a hippopotamus present in the room. In the present case, however, there is in fact a very large hippopotamus present in the room yet the entire American foreign policy establishment has seemed to refuse to wish to see it. Saddam Hussain and OBL are undoubtedly certifiable members of the international gallery of rogues – but the central fact remains they were rogues who were in alliance with America’s defined strategic interests in the 1980s. Saddam Hussain’s Iraq invaded Iran in 1980 and gassed the Kurds in 1986; an Iraqi Mirage on May 17 1987 fired two Exocet missiles at the USS Stark killing 37 American sailors and injuring 21. The Americans did nothing. The reason was that Saddam was still in favour at the time and had not yet become a demon in the political mythology of the American state, and it was expedient for nothing to be done. Indeed Saddam’s Iraq was explicitly removed in 1982 from the US Government’s list of states sponsoring terrorism because, according to the State Department’s Patterns of Global Terrorism, it had “moved closer to the policies of its moderate Arab neighbours”.

The very large hippopotamus that is present in the room at the moment is April Glaspie, the highly regarded professional career diplomat and American Ambassador to Iraq at the time of the 1990 Gulf War. Saddam Hussein as President had a famous meeting with her on July 25 1990, eight days before he invaded Kuwait. The place was the Presidential Palace in Baghdad and the Iraqis videotaped the meeting:

U.S. Ambassador Glaspie – “I have direct instructions from President (George Herbert Walker) Bush to improve our relations with Iraq. We have considerable sympathy for your quest for higher oil prices, the immediate cause of your confrontation with Kuwait. (pause) As you know, I lived here for years and admire your extraordinary efforts to rebuild your country. We know you need funds. We understand that, and our opinion is that you should have the opportunity to rebuild your country. (pause) We can see that you have deployed massive numbers of troops in the south. Normally that would be none of our business, but when this happens in the context of your threats against Kuwait, then it would be reasonable for us to be concerned. For this reason, I have received an instruction to ask you, in the spirit of friendship – not confrontation – regarding your intentions: Why are your troops massed so very close to Kuwait’s borders?

Saddam Hussein – As you know, for years now I have made every effort to reach a settlement on our dispute with Kuwait. There is to be a meeting in two days; I am prepared to give negotiations only this one more brief chance. (pause) When we (the Iraqis) meet (with the Kuwaitis) and we see there is hope, then nothing will happen. But if we are unable to find a solution, then it will be natural that Iraq will not accept death.

U. S. Ambassador Glaspie – What solutions would be acceptable?

Saddam Hussein – If we could keep the whole of the Shatt al Arab – our strategic goal in our war with Iran – we will make concessions (to the Kuwaitis). But, if we are forced to choose between keeping half of the Shatt and the whole of Iraq (i.e., in Saddam’ s view, including Kuwait ) then we will give up all of the Shatt to defend our claims on Kuwait to keep the whole of Iraq in the shape we wish it to be. (pause) What is the United States’ opinion on this?

U.S. Ambassador Glaspie – We have no opinion on your Arab – Arab conflicts, such as your dispute with Kuwait. Secretary (of State James) Baker has directed me to emphasize the instruction, first given to Iraq in the 1960’s, that the Kuwait issue is not associated with America. (Saddam smiles)

Saddam had seen himself fighting Islamic Iran on behalf of the Kuwaitis, Saudis and other Arabs, and Islamic Iran was of course the sworn adversary of the USA at least since Khomeini had deposed America’s ally, the Shah. Therefore Saddam could not be all bad in the eyes of the State Department. On August 2 1990, the Iraqi troops seen by American satellites amassed on the border, invaded and occupied Kuwait. On September 2 1990, the Iraqis released the videotape and transcript of the July 29 Saddam-Glaspie meeting and Glaspie was confronted by British journalists as she left the Embassy:

Journalist 1 – Are the transcripts (holding them up) correct, Madam Ambassador? (No answer from Glaspie)

Journalist 2 – You knew Saddam was going to invade (Kuwait ) but you didn’t warn him not to. You didn’t tell him America would defend Kuwait. You told him the opposite – that America was not associated with Kuwait.

Journalist 1 – You encouraged this aggression – his invasion. What were you thinking?

U.S. Ambassador Glaspie – Obviously, I didn’t think, and nobody else did, that the Iraqis were going to take all of Kuwait.

Journalist 1 – You thought he was just going to take some of it? But, how could you? Saddam told you that, if negotiations failed , he would give up his Iran(Shatt al Arab waterway) goal for the whole of Iraq, in the shape we wish it to be. You know that includes Kuwait, which the Iraqis have always viewed as a historic part of their country!

Journalist 1 – America green-lighted the invasion. At a minimum, you admit signalling Saddam that some aggression was okay – that the U.S. would not oppose a grab of the al-Rumeilah oil field, the disputed border strip and the Gulf Islands (including Bubiyan) – the territories claimed by Iraq?

Glaspie said nothing, the car door closed behind her, the car drove off. Nothing has been apparently heard from Glaspie ever since, and we may have to wait for her memoirs in 25 years when they are declassified to come to know what happened. It is astonishing, however, that the 521 page report of the US Senate’s Select Committee on espionage about Iraq before the 2003 war finds no cause whatsoever to mention Glaspie at all (at least in its public censored version). It is almost as if Glaspie has never existed and her conversation with Saddam never happened. Glaspie has disappeared down an Orwellian memory-hole. Yet her conversation with Saddam was the last official, recorded conversation between the Americans and Saddam while they were still on friendly terms.

There may be many causes explaining how such serious failures have come to occur in a country where billions of dollars have been annually spent on espionage. Among them must be that while America’s great strengths have included creation of the finest advanced scientific and technological base on earth, America’s great intellectual weaknesses in recent decades have included an impatience with historical and philosophical reflection of all sorts, and that includes reflection about her own as well as other cultures. This is exemplified too in the third palpable failure of intelligence of the last 20 years, which has been to have not foreseen or prevented atomic weapons from being developed by America and Britain’s Islamist ally and client-state, Pakistan, and thence to have failed to prevent the proliferation of such weapons in general. The consequences of that may yet turn out to be the most grave.”

Now as it happens, a couple of days ago, eleven years after the Government of India’s May 1998 underground nuclear tests at Pokhran, an Indian scientist who had something to do with them has engaged in a general discussion about the tests’ efficacy. Indian newspapers duly reported this as part of an ongoing domestic discussion about nuclear policy.

Oddly enough, there has been an instantaneous reaction from American critics of India’s nuclear activities – beginning with Dr Jeffrey Lewis:

“Yes, Virginia, India’s H-bomb fizzled.  K Santhanam (who was director of test site preparations for India’s 1998 nuclear tests… has admitted what everyone else has known for a long time — that India’s 1998 test of a thermonuclear device was unsuccessful.…”

Followed by Mark Hibbs:

“Is this cool or what? I remember what happened when I wrote that article in the fall of 1998 saying in the headline that the US had concluded that the Indian “H-Bomb failed.” Almost overnight after the article was published I got a huge bundle of papers from BARC and DAE sent to me by diplomatic pouch from Mumbai informing me with all kinds of numbers that I was wrong.  I gave the papers to laboratory geoscientists at several European countries and the US. One main CTBTO monitoring scientist told me explicitly: “Nope. The stuff in these papers is shitty science. They haven’t shown that you are wrong.” That having been said, please note however that, as PK Iyengar had made the case to me back a decade ago, once again this “news” is surfacing in India because their bomb makers want to keep testing. Some things in India are changing fast. Other things aren’t.”

Followed by Charles Mead:

“I got into a huge pissing match with the Indians on this issue as I was the principal author of Barker et. al. 1998 which had the yield estimates far below the Indian press releases. A number of Indian scientists tried to submit a comment to Science rebutting our analysis. We asked them to provide the in-country seismic data on which they based their analysis, but they refused. Luckily, in the end, their comment was rejected and never published.  On a related note, I saw the other day that wikipedia has a glowing description of the Indian 1998 tests, citing the inflated yields and saying the tests were a huge technical accomplishment. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokhran-II In the next day or so, I plan to submit a corrected analysis.”

Mark Hibbs:

“Charles, I recall one of your co-authors back then explained to me in nitty-gritty detail your frustration on this with these guys. Please do correct the record for posterity.”

Charles Meade:

“Their arguments at the time were quite remarkable. They said that our seismic data didn’t reflect the true yield because of a complex interference pattern caused by the simultaneous tests. Under these circumstances, they said that one could only obtain the correct yield from near field data. We said, “fine, show it to us”. They refused and that was the end of their paper.”

Yale Simkin:

“The Indian argument: ‘For us to have a nuclear deterrent we must weaponise. For this, we must have fusion weapons, because these are smaller, lighter, and more efficient than fission weapons.’ is a lot of hooey.  They claim to be building a deterrent force, not a war-fighting arsenal with a counter-force capability.  For the size and mass of their likely early-generation fusion designs, they can instead use basic fission bombs yielding in the multi-dekakiloton range – multiples of the hell weapons that incinerated Hiroshima and Nagasaki.  That should be sufficient to deter any rational adversary. And if they aren’t rational, then you have no deterrent.”

Hmmm.  The choice of terminology even within such a brief discussion might reveal a little of the mind-set: “shitty science”, “pissing match”, “a lot of hooey”…

Rather uncool, really.

Specifically:

“A number of Indian scientists tried to submit a comment to Science rebutting our analysis. We asked them to provide the in-country seismic data on which they based their analysis, but they refused. Luckily, in the end, their comment was rejected and never published…. Their arguments at the time were quite remarkable. They said that our seismic data didn’t reflect the true yield because of a complex interference pattern caused by the simultaneous tests. Under these circumstances, they said that one could only obtain the correct yield from near field data. We said, “fine, show it to us”. They refused and that was the end of their paper.

Hmmm — once more.  The words that I have placed in bold above might be prima facie evidence of incorrect and hence unfair editorial procedures having been followed at Science (distinguished as its general reputation may be as a journal).  Why were these here-unnamed “Indian scientists” not allowed to speak for themselves, rather than have their now-unknown statements be bowdlerised out of their critics’ memories a decade later (when these critics themselves had been the subject of the rebuttal)?  Perhaps the rebuttal should not have been refused publication even if it came with an editorial caveat that all the data deemed necessary had not been provided (which may have been the case, for example, due to a Government gag-order).  Readers today would have been able to judge for themselves.

I am happy to claim zero expertise in the field known rather sweetly as “Crater Morphology”; but post 9/11, post-Iraq war, it does seem to me a rather quaint form of prejudice to be using such words as those quoted above  in discussing the precise tonnage of the Indian explosions and how, really, India’s scientists were not up to it.  Perhaps,  when matters of public policy or international diplomacy become involved, science  everywhere is too important to be left to the scientists.

Are all the available data out there in the public domain on which to judge whether the Indian explosions in 1998 were or were not what was precisely claimed at the time?  Apparently not.

Does it matter to anything today?  Hardly.  Not even to the credibility of the Government of India (something on which I have had a lot to say over decades).

Do Governments lie?  Yes Virginia, they do.

Governments the world over, whether Indian, American, Russian, Chinese, British, French, Israeli, Arab, Pakistani or whatever, let aside inter-Governmental bodies constituted by these Governments, are prone to exaggeration, propaganda, self-delusion, self-deception as well as deliberate mendacity, perhaps routinely on a daily basis.

(For myself as an individual, I have had to battle the demonstrated and deliberate mendacity of the government of one of the fifty States in the US federal courts for two decades now, as told of elsewhere…)

An Age of Government Mendacity has seemed to descend upon the world — which makes the smugness expressed so quickly today by the critics of India’s 1998 explosions seem, as I have said, quaint.

Is the current Indian debate indicating something about keeping open the possibility of more tests and isn’t this related to the Indo-US civil nuclear deal?   It may well be, I do not know.  My position for what it is worth has been clear and described in several articles in The Statesman in recent years e.g.

1) Atoms for Peace (or War)  (March 5 2006)

“Atoms for Peace” was Dwight D. Eisenhower’s 1953 speech to the UN (presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru’s sister) from which arose the IAEA. Eisenhower was the warrior par excellence, having led the Allies to victory over Hitler a few years earlier.

Yet he was the first to see “no sane member of the human race” can discover victory in the “desolation, degradation and destruction” of nuclear war. “Occasional pages of history do record the faces of the ‘great destroyers’, but the whole book of history reveals mankind’s never-ending quest for peace and mankind’s God-given capacity to build.” Speaking of the atomic capacity of America’s communist adversary at the time, he said: “We never have, and never will, propose or suggest that the Soviet Union surrender what rightly belongs to it. We will never say that the peoples of the USSR are an enemy with whom we have no desire ever to deal or mingle in friendly and fruitful relationship.” Rather, “if the fearful trend of atomic military build-up can be reversed, this greatest of destructive forces can be developed into a great boon, for the benefit of all mankind…. if the entire body of the world’s scientists and engineers had adequate amounts of fissionable material… this capability would rapidly be transformed into universal, efficient and economic usage”. Eisenhower’s IAEA would receive contributions from national “stockpiles of normal uranium and fissionable materials”, and also impound, store and protect these and devise “methods whereby this fissionable material would be allocated to serve the peaceful pursuits of mankind.…to provide abundant electrical energy in the power-starved areas of the world… to serve the needs rather than the fears of mankind.” When Eisenhower visited India he was greeted as the “Prince of Peace” and a vast multitude threw rose petals as he drove by in an open limousine.

Now, half a century later, Dr Manmohan Singh read a speech in Parliament on February 27 relating to our nuclear discussions with America. But it seems unclear even his speech-writers or technical advisers knew how far it was rhetoric and how far grounded in factual realities. There is also tremendous naivete among India’s media anchors and political leaders as to what exactly has been agreed by the Americans on March 2.

Churchill once asked what might have happened if Lloyd George and Clemenceau told Woodrow Wilson: “Is it not true that nothing but your fixed and expiring tenure of office prevents you from being thrown out of power?” The same holds for George W. Bush today. Wilson made many promises to the world that came to be hit for a six by US legislators. In December 2005, Edward Markey (Democrat) and Fred Upton (Republican) promised to scuttle Bush’s agreements with India, and once the pleasant memories of his India visit fade, Bush may quite easily forget most things about us. All the Americans have actually agreed to do is to keep talking.

It needs to be understood that submarine-launched ballistic missiles are the only ultimate military deterrent. Land and air forces are all vulnerable to a massive first-strike. Only submarines lurking silently for long periods in waters near their target, to launch nuclear warheads upon learning their homeland had been hit by the enemy, act as a deterrent preventing that same enemy from making his attack at all. Indeed, the problem becomes how a submarine commander will receive such information and his instructions during such a war. (For India to acquire an ICBM capability beyond the MRBM Agni rockets is to possess an expensive backward technology — as retrograde as the idea India should spend scarce resources sending manned moon missions half a century after it has already been done. The secret is to do something new and beneficial for mankind, not repeat what others did long ago merely to show we can now do it too.) A nuclear-armed submarine needs to be submerged for long periods and also voyage long distances at sea, and hence needs to be nuclear-powered with a miniature version of a civilian nuclear reactor aboard in which, e.g. rods of enriched uranium are bombarded to release enough energy to run hydroelectric turbines to generate power. Patently, no complete separation of the use of atomic power for peace and war may be practically possible. If India creates e.g. its own thorium reactors for civilian power (and we have vast thorium reserves, the nuclear fuel of the future), and then miniaturised these somehow to manufacture reactors for submarines, the use would be both civilian and military. In 1988 the old USSR leased India a nuclear-powered submarine for “training” purposes, and the Americans did not like it at all. In January 2002, Russia’s Naval Chief announced India was paying to build and then lease from 2004 until 2009 two nuclear-powered Akula-class attack submarines, and Jaswant Singh reportedly said we were paying $1 thousand crore ($10 bn) for such a defence package. Whether the transaction has happened is not known. Once we have nuclear submarines permanently, that would be more than enough of the minimum deterrent sought.

Indeed, India’s public has been barely informed of civilian nuclear energy policy as well, and an opportunity now exists for a mature national debate to take place — both on what and why the military planning has been and what it costs (and whether any bribes have been paid), and also on the cost, efficiency and safety of the plans for greater civilian use of nuclear energy. Government behaviour after the Bhopal gas tragedy does not inspire confidence about Indian responses to a Three Mile Island/Chernobyl kind of catastrophic meltdown.

That being said, the central question remains why India or anyone else needs to be nuclear-armed at all. With Britain, France or Russia, there is no war though all three are always keen to sell India weapons. Indeed it has been a perennial question why France and Britain need their own deterrents. They have not fought one another for more than 100 years and play rugby instead. If Russia was an enemy, could they not count on America? Or could America itself conceivably become an enemy of Britain and France? America owes her origins to both, and though the Americans did fight the British until the early 1800s, they have never fought the French and love the City of Paris too much ever to do so.

Between China and India, regardless of what happened half a century ago, nuclear or any war other than border skirmishes in sparse barren lands is unlikely. Ever since Sun Yat-sen, China has been going through a complex process of self-discovery and self-definition. An ancient nation where Maoism despoiled the traditional culture and destroyed Tibet, China causes others to fear it because of its inscrutability. But it has not been aggressive in recent decades except with Taiwan. It has threatened nuclear war on America if the Americans stand up for Taiwan, but that is not a quarrel in which India has a cogent role. China (for seemingly commercial reasons) did join hands with Pakistan against India, but there is every indication the Chinese are quite bored with what Pakistan has become. With Pakistan, our situation is well-known, and there has been an implicit equilibrium since Pokhran II finally flushed out their capacity. Had India ever any ambition of using conventional war to knock out and occupy Pakistan as a country? Of course not. We are barely able to govern ourselves, let aside try to rule an ideologically hostile Muslim colony in the NorthWest. Pakistan’s purported reasons for acquiring nuclear bombs are spurious, and cruelly so in view of the abject failures of Pakistan’s domestic political economy. Could Pakistan’s Government use its bombs against India arising from its own self-delusions over J&K? Gohar Ayub Khan in 1998-1999 threatened to do so when he said the next war would be over in two hours with an Indian surrender. He thereby became the exception to Eisenhower’s rule requiring sanity. An India-Pakistan nuclear exchange is, unfortunately, not impossible, leaving J&K as Hell where Jahangir had once described it as Heaven on Earth.

America needs to end her recent jingoism and instead rediscover the legacy of Eisenhower. America can lead everyone in the world today including Russia, China, Israel, Iran and North Korea. But she can do so only by example. America can decommission many of her own nuclear weapons and then lead everyone else to the conference table to do at least some of the same. Like the UN, the IAEA (and its NPT) needs urgent reform itself. It is the right time for serious and new world parleys towards the safe use of atoms for peace and their abolition in war. But are there any Eisenhowers or Churchills to lead them?

2) Our  energy interests ( Aug 27-28 2006)

Americans are shrewd and practical people in commercial matters, and expect the same of people they do business with. Caveat emptor, “let the buyer beware”, is the motto they expect those on the other side of the table to be using. Let us not think they are doing us favours in the nuclear deal ~ they are grown-ups looking after their interests and naturally expect we shall look after our own and not expect charity while doing business. Equally, let us not blame the Americans if we find in later years (long after Manmohan Singh and Montek Ahluwalia have exited from India’s stage) that the deal has been implemented in a bad way for our masses of ordinary people.

That said, there is a remarkable disjoint between India’s national energy interests (nuclear interests in particular), and the manner in which the nuclear deal is being perceived and taken to implementation by the two sides. There may be a fundamental gap between the genuine positive benefits the Government of India says the deal contains, and the motivations American businessmen and through them Indian businessmen have had for lobbying American and Indian politicians to support it. An atmosphere of being at cross-purposes has been created, where for example Manmohan Singh is giving answers to questions different from the questions we may want to be asking Montek Ahluwalia. The fundamental gap between what is being said by our Government and what may be intended by the businessmen is something anyone can grasp, though first we shall need some elementary facts.

In 2004, the International Energy Agency estimated the new energy capacity required by rising economic growth in 2020 will derive 1400 GW from burning coal (half of it in China and India), 470 GW from burning oil, 430GW from hydro, and 400 GW from renewable sources like solar or wind power. Because gas prices are expected to remain low worldwide, construction of new nuclear reactors for electricity will be unprofitable. By 2030, new energy expected to be required worldwide is 4700GW, of which only 150GW is expected from new nuclear plants, which will be in any case replacing existing plants due to be retired. Rational choice between different energy sources depends on costs determined by history and geography. Out of some 441 civilian reactors worldwide, France has 59 and these generate 78 per cent of its electricity, the rest coming from hydro. Japan has 54 reactors, generating 34% of its electricity from them. The USA has 104 reactors but generates only 20 per cent of its electricity from them, given its vast alternative sources of power like hydro. In India as of 2003, installed power generating capacity was 107,533.3MW, of which 71 per cent came from burning fuels. Among India’s energy sources, the largest growth-potential is hydroelectric, which does not involve burning fuels ~ gravity moves water from the mountains to the oceans, and this force is harnessed for generation. Our hydro potential, mostly in the North and North-East, is some 150,000MW but our total installed hydro capacity with utilities was only 26,910MW (about 18 per cent of potential). Our 14 civilian nuclear reactors produced merely 4 per cent or less of the electricity being consumed in the country. Those 14 plants will come under “international safeguards” by 2014 under the nuclear deal.

It is extremely likely the international restrictions our existing nuclear plants have been under since the 1970s have hindered if not crippled their functioning and efficiency. At the same time, the restrictions may have caused us to be innovative too. Nuclear power arises from fission of radioactive uranium, plutonium or thorium. India has some 8 million tonnes of monazite deposits along the seacoast of which half may be mined, to yield 225,000 tonnes of thorium metal; we have one innovatively designed thorium reactor under construction. Almost all nuclear energy worldwide today arises from uranium of which there are practically unlimited reserves. Fission of a uranium atom produces 10 million times the energy produced by combustion of an atom of carbon from coal. Gas and fossil fuels may be cheap and in plentiful supply worldwide for generations to come but potential for cheap nuclear energy seems practically infinite. The uranium in seawater can satisfy mankind’s total electricity needs for 7 million years. There is more energy in the uranium impurity present in coal than can arise from actually burning the coal. There is plenty of uranium in granite. None of these become profitable for centuries because there is so much cheap uranium extractable from conventional ores. Design improvements in reactors will also improve productivity; e.g. “fast breeder” reactors “breed” more fissile material than they use, and may get 100 times as much energy from a kilogram of uranium as existing reactors do. India has about 95,000 tonnes of uranium metal that may be mined to yield about 61,000 tonnes net for power generation. Natural uranium is 99.3 per cent of the U-238 isotope and 0.7 per cent of the radioactive U-235 isotope. Nuclear power generation requires “enriched uranium” or “yellow cake” to be created in which U-235 has been increased from 0.7 per cent to 4 to 5 percent. (Nuclear bombs require highly enriched uranium with more than 90 per cent of U-235.) Yellow cake is broken into small pieces, put in metal rods placed in bundles, which are then bombarded by neutrons causing fission. In a reactor, the energy released turns water into steam, which moves turbines generating electricity. While there is no carbon dioxide “waste” as in burning fossil fuels, the “spent” rods of nuclear fuel and other products constitute grave radioactive waste, almost impossible to dispose of.

The plausible part of the Government of India’s official line on the Indo-US nuclear deal is that removing the international restrictions will ~ through importation of new technologies, inputs, fuel etc ~ improve functioning of our 14 existing civilian plants. That is a good thing. Essentially, the price being paid for that improvement is our willingness to commit that those 14 plants will not be used for military purposes. Fair enough: even if we might become less innovative as a result, the overall efficiency gains as a result of the deal will add something to India’s productivity. However, those purchasing decisions involved in enhancing India’s efficiency gains must be made by the Government’s nuclear scientists on technical grounds of improving the working of our existing nuclear infrastructure.

It is a different animal altogether to be purchasing new nuclear reactors on a turn-key basis from American or any other foreign businessmen in a purported attempt to improve India’s “energy security”. (Lalu Yadav has requested a new reactor for Bihar, plus of course Delhi will want one, etc.) The central question over such massive foreign purchases would no longer be the technical one of using the Indo-US deal to improve efficiency or productivity of our existing nuclear infrastructure. Instead it would become a question of calculating social costs and benefits of our investing in nuclear power relative to other sources like hydroelectric power. Even if all other sources of electricity remained constant, and our civilian nuclear capacity alone was made to grow by 100 per cent under the Manmohan-Montek deal-making, that would mean less than 8% of total Indian electricity produced.

This is where the oddities arise and a disjoint becomes apparent between what the Government of India is saying and what American and Indian businessmen have been doing. A “US-India Business Council” has existed for thirty years in Washington as “the premier business advocacy organization promoting US commercial interests in India.… the voice of the American private sector investing in India”. Before the nuclear or any other deals could be contemplated with American business, the USIBC insisted we pay up for Dabhol contracted by a previous Congress Government. The Maharashtra State Electricity Board ~ or rather, its sovereign guarantor the Government of India ~ duly paid out at least $140-$160 million each to General Electric and Bechtel Corporations in “an amicable settlement” of the Dabhol affair. Afterwards, General Electric’s CEO for India was kind enough to say “India is an important country to GE’s global growth. We look forward to working with our partners, customers, and State and Central Governments in helping India continue to develop into a leading world economy”.

Also, a new “US-India CEO Forum” then came about. For two Governments to sponsor private business via such a Forum was “unprecedented”, as noted by Washington’s press during Manmohan Singh’s visit in July 2005. America’s foreign ministry announced it saying: “Both our governments have agreed that we should create a high-level private sector forum to exchange business community views on key economic priorities…” The American side includes heads of AES Corporation, Cargill Inc., Citigroup, JP Morgan Chase, Honeywell, McGraw-Hill, Parsons Brinckerhoff Ltd, PepsiCo, Visa International and Xerox Corporation. The Indian side includes heads of Tata Group, Apollo Hospitals Group, Bharat Forge Ltd, Biocon India Group, HDFC, ICICI One Source, Infosys, ITC Ltd, Max India Group and Reliance Industries. Presiding over the Indian side has been Montek Ahluwalia, Manmohan’s trusted aide ~ and let it be remembered too that the Ahluwalias were Manmohan’s strongest backers in his failed South Delhi Lok Sabha bid. (Indeed it is not clear if the Ahluwalias have been US or Indian residents in recent years, and if it is the former, the onus is on them to clear any perception of conflict of interest arising in regard to roles regarding the nuclear deal or any other official Indo-US business.)

Also, before the Manmohan visit, the Confederation of Indian Industry registered as an official lobbyist in Washington, and went about spending half a million dollars lobbying American politicians for the nuclear deal. After the Manmohan visit, the US Foreign Commercial Service reportedly said American engineering firms, equipment suppliers and contractors faced a $1,000 billion (1 bn =100 crore) opportunity in India. Before President Bush’s visit to India in March 2006, Manmohan Singh signed vast purchases of commercial aircraft from Boeing and Airbus, as well as large weapons’ deals with France and Russia. After the Bush visit, the US Chamber of Commerce said the nuclear deal can cause $100 billion worth of new American business in India’s energy-sector alone. What is going on?

Finally, the main aspect of Manmohan Singh’s address to America’s legislature had to do with agreeing with President Bush “to enhance Indo-US cooperation in the field of civilian nuclear technology”. What precisely does this mean? If it means the Indo-US nuclear deal will help India improve or maintain its existing nuclear infrastructure, well and good. There may be legitimate business for American and other foreign companies in that cause, which also helps India make the efficiency and productivity gains mentioned. Or has the real motivation for the American businessmen driving the deal (with the help of the “CEO Forum” etc) been to sell India nuclear reactors on a turn-key basis (in collaboration with private Indian businessmen) at a time when building new nuclear reactors is unprofitable elsewhere in the world because of low gas prices? India’s citizens may demand to know from the Government whether the Manmohan-Montek deal-making is going to cause importation of new nuclear reactors, and if so, why such an expensive alternative is being considered (relative to e.g. India’s abundant hydroelectric potential) when it will have scant effect in satisfying the country’s energy needs and lead merely to a worsening of our macroeconomic problems. Both Manmohan Singh and Montek Ahluwalia have been already among those to preside over the growth of India’s macroeconomic problems through the 1980s and 1990s.

Lastly, an irrelevant distraction should be gotten out of the way. Are we a “nuclear weapons” state? Of course we are, but does it matter to anything but our vanity? Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev had control over vastly more nuclear weapons and they declared together twenty years ago: “A nuclear war cannot be won and must not be fought”, which is how the Cold War started to come to an end. We need to remind ourselves that India and Pakistan are large, populous countries with hundreds of millions of materially poor, ill-informed citizens, weak tax-bases, humongous internal and external public debts (i.e. debt owed by the Government to domestic and foreign creditors), non-investment grade credit- ratings in world financial markets, massive annual fiscal deficits, inconvertible currencies, nationalized banks, and runaway printing of paper-money. Discussing nuclear or other weapon-systems to attack one other with is mostly a pastime of our cowardly, irresponsible and yes, corrupt, elites.

3) Need for Clarity A poorly drafted treaty driven by business motives is a recipe for international misunderstanding  (August 19 2007)

Confusion prevails over the Indo-US Nuclear Deal. Businessmen, bureaucrats, politicians, diplomats, scientists and now the public at large have all joined in the cacophony in the last two years. On Wednesday August 15, America’s foreign ministry made the clearest most unequivocal statement possible as to the official American Government interpretation of the Indo-US nuclear deal: “The proposed 123 agreement has provisions in it that in an event of a nuclear test by India, then all nuclear co-operation is terminated, as well as there is provision for return of all materials, including reprocessed material covered by the agreement” (Sean McCormack). Yet our Prime Minister had told Parliament two days earlier: “The agreement does not in any way affect India’s right to undertake future nuclear tests, if it is necessary”. What is going on? Our politics are in uproar, and it has been suggested in these pages that the country go to a General Election to allow the people to speak on the matter. Clearly, we need some clarity.

Let us start at the beginning. How did it all originate? The private US nuclear industry prevailed upon India’s government bureaucrats and businessmen over several years that nuclear power is the way forward to solving India’s “infrastructure” problems. They would sell us, in words of the Manmohan-Montek Planning Commission’s energy adviser, “six to eight lightwater reactors” (especially as they may not be able to sell these anywhere else). Our usual prominent self-seeking retired bureaucrats started their waffling about the importance of “infrastructure”.

Then Manmohan Singh felt his foreign travels as PM could be hardly complete without a fife-and-drum visit to the White House. But before he could do so, Dabhol would have to be cleared up since American business in India was on a self-moratorium until GE and Bechtel were paid settlements of some $140-160 million each by the Governments of India and Maharashtra. GE’s CEO for India kindly said afterwards “India is an important country to GE’s global growth. We look forward to working with our partners, customers, and State and Central Governments in helping India continue to develop into a leading world economy”.

Also, before Manmohan’s USA trip, the Confederation of Indian Industry registered as an official Washington lobbyist and spent half a million dollars lobbying American politicians for the deal. (”Why?” would be a good question.)

So Dr Singh was able to make his White House visit, accompanied by US business lobbies saying the nuclear deal can generate $100 billion worth of new American business in India’s energy-sector alone. It is only when business has lubricated politics in America that so much agreement about the India-deal could arise. The “bottom-line” is that six to eight reactors must be sold to India, whatever politics and diplomacy it takes.

Now Dr Singh is not a PM who is a Member of the Lower House of Parliament commanding its confidence. He says his Government constitutes the Executive and can sign treaties on India’s behalf. This is unwise. If he signs a treaty and then the Congress Party loses the next General Election, a new Executive Government can use his same words to rescind the same treaty. What is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander. One reason we are so confused is that India has not signed very many bilateral treaties, and there is barely a noted specialist in international law anywhere in the country. Dr Singh’s original mentor, PN Haksar, had gone about getting a treaty signed with the USSR back in 1971 which tided us over a war, though the USSR itself collapsed before that treaty ended.

Signing a treaty is much more than signing an international MOU. It requires a national consensus or a least a wide and deep understanding on the part of the public and the political class as to what necessitates the treaty. That plainly does not exist at present. Most people in India do not even know how nuclear power is generated, nor how small and insignificant nuclear power has been in India.

Natural uranium is 99.3 per cent of the U-238 isotope and 0.7 per cent the radioactive U-235 isotope. Nuclear power generation requires “enriched uranium” or “yellow cake” to be created in which U-235 has been increased from 0.7 per cent to 4 to 5 percent. (Nuclear bombs require “highly enriched” uranium with more than 90 per cent of U-235.) Yellow cake is broken into small pieces, put in metal rods placed in bundles, which are then bombarded by neutrons causing fission. In a reactor, the energy released turns water into steam, which moves turbines generating electricity. While there is no carbon dioxide “waste” as in burning fossil fuels, the “spent” rods of nuclear fuel and other products constitute grave radioactive waste, almost impossible to dispose of.

India’s 14 “civilian” nuclear reactors presently produce less than 4% of our total power. 70% of our power arises from burning fossil fuels, mainly coal. Much of the rest arises from hydro. We have vast hydroelectric potential in the North and Northeast but it would take a lot of serious political, administrative and civil engineering effort to organise all that, and there would not be any nice visits to Washington or Paris involved for politicians and bureaucrats.

Simple arithmetic says that even if all our principal energy sources stayed constant and only our tiny nuclear power sector grew by 100%, that would still hardly increase by very much our energy output overall. Placing a couple of expensive modern lightwater reactors around Delhi, a couple around Mumbai and a few other metros will, however, butter already buttered bread quite nicely and keep all those lifts and ACs running.

The agreed text of the “treaty” looks, from a legal standpoint, quite sloppily and hurriedly written ~ almost as if each side has cut and paste its own preferred terms in different places with a nod to the other side. For example, there is mention of “WMD” initially which is repeated as “weapons of mass destruction” just a little later. There is solemn mention of the “Government of India” and “Government of the United States of America” as the “Parties”, but this suddenly becomes merely “United States” and “India” in the middle and then reverts again to the formal usage.

Through the sloppiness comes scope for different interpretations. The Americans have said: try not to test, you don’t need to, we don’t test any more, and you have to know that if you do test, this deal is over, in fact it gets reversed. We have said, okay, we won’t test, and if we do test we know it is over with you but that does not mean it is over with others. Given such sloppy diplomacy and treaty-making, the scope for mutual misunderstanding, even war, remains immense long after all the public Indian moneys have found their way into private pockets worldwide. Will a future President Jeb Bush or Chelsea Clinton send F-22 bombers to bomb India’s nuclear facilities because India has carried out a test yet declined to return American equipment? Riding a tiger is not something generally to be recommended.

The answer to our present conundrum must be patience and the fullest transparency. What is the rush? If it is good or bad for us to buy six or eight new American reactors now, it will remain good or bad to do so a year or two from now after everyone has had a thorough think about everything that is involved. What the Manmohan-Montek Planning Commission needed to do first of all was a thorough cost-benefit analysis of India’s energy requirements but such elementary professionalism has been sorely lacking among our economists for decades.”

Subroto Roy

Excuse me, but statistically the number of deaths and infections in India from swine-flu is, hmmm, zero: Time for rationality please!

Why are the government and media spreading panic in India about swine-flu?   There is almost none of it.

The population of India as of August 2009 is near 1,163,698,689.

Something between 19,782,878 and 115,206,170 people among this population may be suffering some kind of ailment or other at any given time (don’t forget headaches, runny noses, upset tummies, sore backs etc).  The lesser figure comes by taking the minimum rate  of morbidity across regions, 17/1000, the greater figure comes by taking a supposed national average morbidity rate of 99/1000.   I shall be  happy to yield to more accurate figures from any source.

Of these millions, some 1,200 (twelve hundred) are said to have been isolated due to and are being treated for swine-flu as of today.  That is, statistically speaking, zero.

As for deaths, India experiences something between 20,405  and 26,398 deaths per day from all causes, depending on whether you use 6.40/1000 or 8.28/1000 as the mortality rate.

The number of deaths in India attributed to swine-flu since August 3 is  twenty — or about 2 per day on average.  That again is, statistically speaking, zero.

Of course governments at Union and State levels and the public health authorities and medical authorities need to follow their protocols and procedures – for swine-flu and every other disease that afflicts us.   But, please, closing down cities and towns or holding so many ministerial meetings due to a purported swine-flu epidemic in the country is quite simply a nonsensical waste of resources.    Time for a little rationality please.

Subroto Roy

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Thoughts, words, deeds: My work 1973-2020

This is an incomplete bibliography of my writings, public lectures etc 1973-2020 including citations, reviews, comments. I have been mostly an academic economist who by choice or circumstance over 47 years has had to venture also into science, philosophy, public policy, law, jurisprudence, practical politics, history, international relations, military strategy, financial theory, accounting, management, journalism, literary criticism, psychology, psychoanalysis, theology, aesthetics, biography, children’s fables, etc. If anything unites the seemingly diverse work recorded below it is that I have tried to acquire a grasp of the nature of human reason and then apply this comprehension in practical contexts as simply and clearly as possible. Hence I have ended up following the path of Aristotle, as described in modern times (via Wittgenstein and John Wisdom) by Renford Bambrough. The 2004 public lecture in England, “Science, Religion, Art & the Necessity of Freedom”, also my 2017 “Is ‘Cambridge Philosophy’ dead, in Cambridge? Can it be resurrected, there? Case Study: Renford Bambrough (& Subroto Roy) preceded by decades Cheryl Misak’s thesis on Wittgenstein being linked with Peirce via Ramsey…”

may explain and illustrate all this best. A friend has been kind enough to call me an Academician, which I probably am, though one who really needs his own Academy because the incompetence, greed and mendacity encountered too often in the modern professoriat is dispiriting.

Besides writings and publications printed on paper, there are writings or items not printed on paper — as new media break space, cost and other constraints of traditional publishing. A little repetition and overlap has occurred too. Also in a few cases, e.g., Aldous Huxley’s essay on DH Lawrence, nothing has been done except discover and republish. Several databases have been created and released in the public interest, as have been some rare maps. There is also some biographical and autobiographical material. Several inconsequential errors remain in the text, which shall take time to be rectified as documents come to be rediscovered and collated.

1973

1. “Behavioural study of mus musculus”, Haileybury College, Supervised by J de C Ford-Robertson MA (Oxon). (Due to be published here 2010).

2. “Chemistry at Advanced & Special Level: Student Notes 1972-73” (Due to be published here 2010).

3. “Biology at Advanced & Special Level: Student Notes 1972-73”, (Due to be published here 2010).

4. “Physics at Advanced Level: Student Notes 1972-73”, (Due to be published here 2010).

5. “Revolution: theoria and praxis”, London, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

6. “Gandhi vs Marx”, London, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

1974

7. “Relevance of downward money-wage rigidity to the problem of maintaining full-employment in the classical and Keynesian models of income determination”, London School of Economics, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

8. “Testing aircraft fuels at Shell Finland”.

1975

9. “Oxford Street experiences: down and out in London town”.

10. “SE Region Bulk Distribution Survey”, Unilever, Basingstoke.

11. “Four London poems”, in JCM Paton (ed) New Writing (London, Great Portland Street: International Students House). (Due to be republished here 2010)

12. “On economic growth models and modellers”, London School of Economics, mimeo. (Due to be published here 2010).

1976

13. “World money: system or anarchy?”, lecture to Professor ACL Day’s seminar, London School of Economics, Economics Department, April. (Due to be published here 2010).

14. “A beginner’s guide to some recent developments in monetary theory”, lecture to Professor FH Hahn’s seminar, Cambridge University Economics Department, November 17 (Due to be published here 2010). See also “Announcement of My “Hahn Seminar”, published here June 14 2008.

1977

15. “Inflation and unemployment: a survey”, mimeo, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. (Due to be published here 2010).

16. “On short run theories of dual economies”, Cambridge University Economics Department “substantial piece of work” required of first year Research Students. Examiner: DMG Newbery, FBA. (Due to be published here 2010).

1978

17. “Pure theory of developing economies 1 and 2”, Delhi School of Economics mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

18. “Introduction to some market outcomes under uncertainty”, Delhi School of Economics mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

19. “On money and development”, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, mimeo, September. (Due to be published here 2010)

20. “Notes on the Newbery-Stiglitz model of sharecropping”, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, mimeo November. (Due to be published here 2010).

1979

21. “A theory of rights and economic justice”, Corpus Christi College Cambridge mimeo. (Due to be published here 2010).

22. “Monetary theory and economic development”, Corpus Christi College Cambridge, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

23. “Foundations of the case against ‘development planning’”, Corpus Christi College Cambridge, mimeo, November. (Due to be published here 2010).

1979-1989

24. Correspondence with Renford Bambrough (1926-1999), philosopher of St John’s College, Cambridge (Due to be published here 2010).

1980

25. “Models before the monetarist storm”, New Statesman letters

26. “Disciplining rulers and experts”, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, mimeo. (Due to be published here 2010).

1981

27. “On liberty & economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”, Cambridge University doctoral thesis, supervisor FH Hahn, FBA; examiners CJ Bliss, FBA; TW Hutchison, FBA (Due to be published here 2010). 27a Response of FA Hayek on a partial draft February 18 1981. 27b Response of Peter Bauer, 1982. 27c Response of Theodore W Schultz, 1983. 27d. Response of Frank Hahn 1985.

1982

28. “Knowledge and freedom in economic theory Parts 1 and 2”, Centre for Study of Public Choice, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Working Papers.

29. “Economic Theory and Development Economics”. Lecture to American Economic Association, New York, Dec 1982. Panel: RM Solow, HB Chenery, T Weisskopf, P Streeten, G Rosen, S Roy. Published in 29a.

1983

29a “Economic Theory and Development Economics: A Comment”. World Development, 1983. [Citation: Stavros Thefanides “Metamorphosis of Development Economics”, World Development 1988.]

30. “The Political Economy of Trade Policy (Comment on J. Michael Finger)”, Washington DC: Cato Journal, Winter 1983/84. See also 000 “Risk-aversion explains resistance to freer trade”, 2008.

1984

31. “Considerations on Utility, Benevolence and Taxation”, History of Political Economy, 1984. 31a Response of Professor Sir John Hicks May 1 1984.

[Citations: P. Hennipman, “A Tale of Two Schools”, De Economist 1987, “A New Look at the Ordinalist Revolution”, J. Econ. Lit. Mar 1988; P. Rappoport, “Reply to Professor Hennipman”, J. Econ. Lit. Mar 1988; Eugene Smolensky et al “An Application of A Dynamic Cost-of-Living Index to the Evaluation of Changes in Social Welfare”, J. Post-Keynesian Econ.IX.3. 1987.]

32. Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India, London: Institute of Economic Affairs, London 1984.

[Citations: Lead editorial of The Times of London May 29 1984, “India’s economy”, Times letters June 16 1984. John Toye “Political Economy & Analysis of Indian Development”, Modern Asian Studies, 22, 1, 1988; John Toye, Dilemmas of Development; D. Wilson, “Privatization of Asia”, The Banker Sep. 1984 etc]. See also 370 “Silver Jubilee of ‘Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India’” 2009.

33. Review of Utilitarianism and Beyond, Amartya Sen & Bernard Williams (eds) Public Choice.

34. Review of Limits of Utilitarianism, HB Miller & WH Williams (eds.), Public Choice.

35. Deendayal Upadhyaya lecture “On Government and the Individual in India” (one of four invited lecturers), Washington DC, October 1984.

1987

36. (with one other) “Does the Theory of Logical Types Inform the Theory of Communication?”, Journal of Genetic Psychology., 148 (4), Dec. 1987 [Citation:

37. “Irrelevance of Foreign Aid”, India International Centre Quarterly, Winter 1987.

38. Review of Development Planning by Sukhamoy Chakravarty for Economic Affairs, London 1987.

1988

39. (with Seiji Naya and Pearl Imada) “Introduction” to Lessons in Development: A Comparative Study of Asia and Latin America. San Francisco: Inst. of Economic Growth.

40. “A note on the welfare economics of regional cooperation”, lecture to Asia-Latin America conference, East West Center Honolulu, published 2009.

1989

41. Philosophy of Economics: On the Scope of Reason in Economic Inquiry, London & New York: Routledge (International Library of Philosophy) 1989, paperback 1991. Internet edition 2007. [Reviews & Citations: Research in Economics, 1992; De Economist 1991 & 1992; Manch.Sch. Econ.Studs. 59, 1991; Ethics 101.88 Jul. 1991; Kyklos 43.4 1990; Soc. Science Q. 71.880. Dec.1990; Can. Phil. Rev. 1990; J. Econ. Hist. Sep. 1990; Econ. & Phil. Fall 1990; Econ. Affairs June-July 1990; TLS May 1990; Choice March 1990; J. App.Phil. 1994, M. Blaug: Methodology of Economics, 2nd ed., Cambridge, 1992; Hist. Methods. 27.3, 1994; J. of Inst. & Theoretical Econ.,1994; Jahrbucker fur Nationaleconomie 1994, 573:574. Mark A Lutz in Economics for the Common Good, London: Routledge, 1999, et al]. See also 339 “Apropos Philosophy of Economics”, Comments of Sidney Hook, KJ Arrow, Milton Friedman, TW Schultz, SS Alexander, Max Black, Renford Bambrough, John Gray et al.

42. Foreword to Essays on the Political Economy by James M. Buchanan, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 1989.

43. “Modern Political Economy of India”, edited by Subroto Roy & William E James, Hawaii mimeo May 21 1989. This published for the first time a November 1955 memorandum to the Government of India by Milton Friedman. See also 43a, 53.

43a. Preface to “Milton Friedman’s extempore comments at the 1989 Hawaii conference: on India, Israel, Palestine, the USA, Debt and its uses, Erhardt abolishing exchange controls, Etc”, May 22 1989, published here for the first time October 31 2008.

44. Milton Friedman’s defence of my work in 1989.

45. Theodore W. Schultz’s defence of Philosophy of Economics

1990

46. “Letter to Judge Evelyn Lance: On A Case Study in Private International Law” (Due to be published here in 2010).

47-49. Selections from advisory work on economic policy etc for Rajiv Gandhi, Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of India, published in 47a-49a.

1991

41b Philosophy of Economics: On the Scope of Reason in Economic Inquiry, Paperback edition.

50. “Conversations and correspondence with Rajiv Gandhi during the Gulf war, January 1991” (Due to be published here 2010).

47a. A Memo to Rajiv I: Stronger Secular Middle”, The Statesman, Jul 31 1991.

48a “A Memo to Rajiv II: Saving India’s Prestige”, The Statesman, Aug 1 1991.

49a “A Memo to Rajiv III: Salvation in Penny Capitalism”, The Statesman, Aug 2 1991 47b-49b “Three Memoranda to Rajiv Gandhi 1990-91”, 2007 republication here.

51. “Constitution for a Second Indian Republic”, The Saturday Statesman, April 20 1991. Republished here 2009.

52. “On the Art of Government: Experts, Party, Cabinet and Bureaucracy”, New Delhi mimeo March 25 1991, published here July 00 2009.

1992

53. Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s Edited and with an Introduction by Subroto Roy & William E. James New Delhi, London, Newbury Park: Sage: 1992. Citation: Milton and Rose Friedman Two Lucky People (Chicago 1998), pp. 268-269.

54. Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s Edited and with an Introduction by William E. James & Subroto Roy, Hawaii MS 1989, Sage: 1992, Karachi: Oxford 1993.

Reviews of 53 & 54 include: Bus. Today, Mar-Apr 1992; Political Studies March 1995; Econ Times 21 March 1993; Pakistan Development Review 1992. Hindustan Times 11 July 1992. Pacific Affairs 1993; Hindu 21 March 1993, 15 June 1993; Pakistan News International 12 June 1993. Book Reviews March 1993; Deccan Herald 2 May 1993; Pol.Econ.J. Ind. 1992. Fin Express 13 September 1992; Statesman 16 Jan. 1993. J. Royal Soc Asian Aff. 1994, J. Contemporary Asia, 1994 etc.

55. “Fundamental Problems of the Economies of India and Pakistan”, World Bank, Washington, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

56.“The Road to Stagflation: The Coming Dirigisme in America, or, America, beware thy economists!, or Zen and Clintonomics,” Washington DC, Broad Branch Terrace, mimeo, November 17.

1993

57. “Exchange-rates and manufactured exports of South Asia”, IMF Washington DC mimeo. Published in part in 2007-2008 as 58-62:

58. “Path of the Indian Rupee 1947-1993”, 2008.

59. “Path of the Pakistan Rupee 1947-1993”, 2008.

60. “Path of the Sri Lankan Rupee 1948-1993”, 2008.

61. “Path of the Bangladesh Taka 1972-1993”, 2008.

62. “India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh Manufactured Exports, IMF Washington DC mimeo”, published 2007.

63. “Economic Assessment of US-India Merchandise Trade”, Arlington, Virginia, mimeo, published in slight part in Indo-US Trade & Economic Cooperation, ICRIER New Delhi, 1995, and in whole 2007.

64. “Towards an Economic Solution for Kashmir”, mimeo, Arlington, Virginia, circulated in Washington DC 1993-1995, cf 82, 111 infra. Comment of Selig Harrison.

1994

65. “Comment on Indonesia”, in The Political Economy of Policy Reform edited by John Williamson, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.

66a “Gold reserves & the gold price in anticipation of Central Bank behaviour”, Greenwich, Connecticut, mimeo. 67b. “Portfolio optimization and foreign currency exposure hedging” Greenwich, Connecticut mimeo.

1995

68. “On the logic and commonsense of debt and payments crises: How to avoid another Mexico in India and Pakistan”, Scarsdale, NY, mimeo, May 1.

69. “Policies for Young India”, Scarsdale, NY, pp. 350, manuscript.

1996

70. US Supreme Court documents, published in part in 2008 as “Become a US Supreme Court Justice!” 70a, 70b (Due to be published in full here in 2010 as Roy vs University of Hawaii, 1989- including the expert testimonies of Milton Friedman and Theodore W Schultz.).

71. “Key problems of macroeconomic management facing the new Indian Government”, May 17. Scarsdale, New York, mimeo. (Due to be published here 2010).

72. “Preventing a collapse of the rupee”, IIT Kharagpur lecture July 16 1996.

73. “The Economist’s Representation of Technological Knowledge”, Vishvesvaraya lecture to the Institution of Engineers, September 15 1996, IIT Kharagpur.

1997

74. “Union and State Budgets in India”, lecture at the World Bank, Washington DC, May 00.

75. “State Budgets in India”, IIT Kharagpur mimeo, June 6.

1998

76. “Transparency and Economic Policy-Making: An address to the Asia-Pacific Public Relations Conference” (panel on Transparency chaired by CR Irani) Jan 30 1998, published here 2008.

77. Theodore W. Schultz 1902-1998, Feb 25.

78. “The Economic View of Human Resources”, address to a regional conference on human resources, IIT Kharagpur.

79. “Management accounting”, lecture at Lal Bahadur Shastri Academy, Mussourie,

80a “The Original Reformer”, Outlook letters, Jan 23 1998

81. “Recent Developments in Modern Finance”, IIM Bangalore Review, 10, 1 & 2, Jan.-Jun 1998. Reprinted as “From the Management Guru’s Classroom”: 81a “An introduction to derivatives”, Business Standard/Financial Times, Bombay 18 Apr 1999; 81b “Options in the future, Apr 25 1999; 81c “What is hedging?”, May 2 1999; 81d “Teaching computers to think”, May 9 1999.

82. “Towards an Economic Solution for Kashmir”, Jun 22 1998, lecture at Heritage Foundation, Washington DC. Cf 111 Dec 2005.

83. “Sixteen Currencies for India: A Reverse Euro Model for Monetary & Fiscal Efficacy”, Lecture at the Institute of Economic Affairs, London, June 29 1998. Due to be published here 2010.

84. “Fable of the Fox, the Farmer, and the Would-Be Tailors”, October (Published here July 27 2009).

85. “A Common Man’s Guide to Pricing Financial Derivatives”, Lecture to “National Seminar on Derivatives”, Xavier Labour Research Institute, Jamshedpur, Dec. 16 1998. See 98.

1999

86. “An Analysis of Pakistan’s War-Winning Strategy: Are We Ready for This?”, IIT Kharagpur mimeo, published in part as 86a.“Was a Pakistani Grand Strategy Discerned in Time by India?” New Delhi: Security & Political Risk Analysis Bulletin, July 1999, Kargil issue. See also 000

80b. “The Original Reformer”, Outlook letters, Sep 13 1999.

2000

87. “On Freedom & the Scientific Point of View”, SN Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Feb 17 2000. Cf 100 below.

88. “Liberalism and Indian economic policy”, lecture at IIM Calcutta, Indian Liberal Group Meetings Devlali, Hyderabad; also Keynote address to UGC Seminar Guntur, March 30 2002. (Due to be published here 2010).

89. “Towards a Highly Transparent Fiscal & Monetary Framework for India’s Union & State Governments”, Invited address to Conference of State Finance Secretaries, Reserve Bank of India, Bombay, April 29, 2000. Published 2008.

90. “On the Economics of Information Technology”, two lectures at the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Nov 10-11, 2000.

91. Review of A New World by Amit Chaudhuri in Literary Criterion, Mysore.

2001

92. Review of AD Shroff: Titan of Finance and Free Enterprise by Sucheta Dalal, Freedom First., January.

93. “Encounter with Rajiv Gandhi: On the Origins of the 1991 Economic Reform”, Freedom First, October. See also 93a in 2005 and 93b in 2007.

94. “A General Theory of Globalization & Modern Terrorism with Special Reference to September 11”, a keynote address to the Council for Asian Liberals & Democrats, Manila, Philippines, 16 Nov. 2001. Published as 91a.

95. “The Case for and against The Satanic Verses: Diatribe and Dialectic as Art”, Dec 22 republished in print 95a The Statesman Festival Volume, 2006.

2002

94a “A General Theory of Globalization & Modern Terrorism with Special Reference to September 11”, in September 11 & Political Freedom in Asia, eds. Johannen, Smith & Gomez, Singapore 2002.

2002-2010

96. “Recording vivid dreams: Freud’s advice in exploring the Unconscious Mind” (Due to be published here in 2010).

2003

97. “Key principles of government accounting and audit”, IIT Kharagpur mimeo.

98. “Derivative pricing & other topics in financial theory: a student’s complete lecture notes” (Due to be published here in 2010).

2004

99. TV Interview by BBC, Oxford, after May 2004 General Election in India.

100. “Collapse of the Global Conversation”, International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden, Netherlands, Jul 2004.

101. “Science, Religion, Art & the Necessity of Freedom”, a public lecture, University of Buckingham, UK, August 24 2004. Published here 2007.

2005

93a Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform (this was the full story; it appeared in print for the first time in The Statesman Festival Volume 2007).

102. “Can India become an economic superpower (or will there be a monetary meltdown)?” Cardiff University Institute of Applied Macroeconomics Monetary Economics Seminar, April 13, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, April 27, Reserve Bank of India, Bombay, Chief Economist’s Seminar on Monetary Economics, May 5.

103. Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution: How it Happened and What it Meant, Edited and with an Introduction by Subroto Roy & John Clarke, London & New York: Continuum, 2005; paperback 2006; French translation by Florian Bay, 2007.

104. “Iqbal & Jinnah vs Rahmat Ali in Pakistan’s Creation”, Dawn, Karachi, Sep 3.

105. “The Mitrokhin Archives II from an Indian Perspective: A Review Article”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Oct 11 .

106. “After the Verdict”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 20.

107. “US Espionage Failures”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Oct 26

108. “Waffle But No Models of Monetary Policy”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Oct 30.

109. “On Hindus and Muslims”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Nov 6.

110. “Assessing Vajpayee: Hindutva True and False”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Nov 13-14″.

111. “Fiction from the India Economic Summit”, The Statesman, Front Page, Nov 29.

112. “Solving Kashmir: On an Application of Reason”, The Statesman Editorial Page

I. “Give the Hurriyat et al Indian Green Cards”, Dec 1

II. “Choice of Nationality under Full Information”, Dec 2

III. “Of Flags and Consulates in Gilgit etc”, Dec 3.

2006

113. “The Dream Team: A Critique”, The Statesman Editorial Page

I : New Delhi’s Consensus (Manmohantekidambaromics), Jan 6

II: Money, Convertibility, Inflationary Deficit Financing, Jan 7

III: Rule of Law, Transparency, Government Accounting, Jan 8.

114. “Unaccountable Delhi: India’s Separation of Powers’ Doctrine”, The Statesman, Jan 13.

115. “Communists and Constitutions”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Jan 22.

116. “Diplomatic Wisdom”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Jan 31.

117. “Mendacity & the Government Budget Constraint”, The Statesman, Front Page Feb 3.

118. “Of Graven Images”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb5.

119. “Separation of Powers, Parts 1-2”, The Statesman, Editorial Pages Feb 12-13.

120. “Public Debt, Government Fantasy”, The Statesman, Front Page Editorial Comment, Feb 22.

121. “War or Peace Parts 1-2”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 23-24.

122. “Can You Handle This Brief, Mr Chidambaram?” The Statesman, Front Page Feb 26.

123. “A Downpayment On the Taj Mahal Anyone?”, The Statesman, Front Page Comment on the Budget 2006-2007, Mar 1.

124. “Atoms for Peace (or War)”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page Mar 5.

125. “Imperialism Redux: Business, Energy, Weapons & Foreign Policy”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Mar 14.

126. “Logic of Democracy”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Mar 30.

127. “Towards an Energy Policy”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 2.

128. “Iran’s Nationalism”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 6.

129. “A Modern Military”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 16.

130. “On Money & Banking”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 23.

131. “Lessons for India from Nepal’s Revolution”, The Statesman, Front Page Apr 26.

132. “Revisionist Flattery (Inder Malhotra’s Indira Gandhi: A Review Article)”, The Sunday Statesman, May 7.

133. “Modern World History”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page, May 7.

134. “Argumentative Indians: A Conversation with Professor Amartya Sen on Philosophy, Identity and Islam,” The Sunday Statesman, May 14 2006. “A Philosophical Conversation between Professor Sen and Dr Roy”, 2008. Translated into Bengali by AA and published in 00.

135. “The Politics of Dr Singh”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, May 21.

136. “Corporate Governance & the Principal-Agent Problem”, lecture at a conference on corporate governance, Kolkata May 31. Published here 2008.

137. “Pakistan’s Allies Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jun 4-5.

138. “Law, Justice and J&K Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jul 2, The Statesman Editorial Page Jul 3.

139. “The Greatest Pashtun (Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan)”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jul 16.

140. “Understanding Pakistan Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jul 30, The Statesman Editorial Page Jul 31.

141. “Indian Money and Credit”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 6.

142. “India’s Moon Mission”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 13.

143. “Jaswant’s Journeyings: A Review Article”, The Sunday Statesman Magazine, Aug 27.

144. “Our Energy Interests, Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 27, The Statesman Editorial Page Aug 28.

145. “Is Balochistan Doomed?”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Sep 3 2006.

146. “Racism New and Old”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Sep 8 2006

147. “Political Economy of India’s Energy Policy”, address to KAF-TERI conference, Goa Oct 7, published in 147a.

148. “New Foreign Policy? Seven phases of Indian foreign policy may be identifiable since Nehru”, Parts 1-2, The Sunday Statesman, Oct 8, The Statesman Oct 9.

149. “Justice & Afzal: There is a difference between law and equity (or natural justice). The power of pardon is an equitable power. Commuting a death-sentence is a partial pardon”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Oct 14

150. “Non-existent liberals (On a Liberal Party for India)”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Oct 22.

151. “History of Jammu & Kashmir Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Oct 29, The Statesman Oct 30, Editorial Page.

152. “American Democracy: Does America need a Prime Minister and a longer-lived Legislature?”, The Sunday Statesman Nov 5.

153. “Milton Friedman A Man of Reason 1912-2006”, The Statesman Perspective Page, Nov 22.

154. “Postscript to Milton Friedman Mahalanobis’s Plan (The Mahalanobis-Nehru “Second Plan”) The Statesman Front Page Nov 22.

155. “Mob Violence and Psychology”, Dec 10, The Statesman, Editorial Page.

156. “What To Tell Musharraf: Peace Is Impossible Without Non-Aggressive Pakistani Intentions”, The Statesman Editorial Page Dec 15.

157. “Land, Liberty and Value: Government must act in good faith treating all citizens equally – not favouring organised business lobbies and organised labour over an unorganised peasantry”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Dec 31.

2007

158. “Hypocrisy of the CPI-M: Political Collapse In Bengal: A Mid-Term Election/Referendum Is Necessary”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Jan 9.

159. “On Land-Grabbing: Dr Singh’s India, Buddhadeb’s Bengal, Modi’s Gujarat have notorious US, Soviet and Chinese examples to follow ~ distracting from the country’s real economic problems,” The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page Jan 14.

160. “India’s Macroeconomics: Real growth has steadily occurred because India has shared the world’s technological progress. But bad fiscal, monetary policies over decades have led to monetary weakness and capital flight” The Statesman Editorial Page Jan 20.

161. “Fiscal Instability: Interest payments quickly suck dry every year’s Budget. And rolling over old public debt means that Government Borrowing in fact much exceeds the Fiscal Deficit”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 4.

162. “Our trade and payments Parts 1-2” (“India in World Trade and Payments”),The Sunday Statesman, Feb 11 2007, The Statesman, Feb 12 2007.

163. “Our Policy Process: Self-Styled “Planners” Have Controlled India’s Paper Money For Decades,” The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 20.

164. “Bengal’s Finances”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page, Feb 25.

165. “Fallacious Finance: Congress, BJP, CPI-M may be leading India to Hyperinflation” The Statesman Editorial Page Mar 5.

166. “Uttar Pradesh Polity and Finance: A Responsible New Govt May Want To Declare A Financial Emergency” The Statesman Editorial Page, Mar 24

167. “A scam in the making” in The Sunday Statesman Front Page Apr 1 2007, published here in full as “Swindling India”.

168. “Maharashtra’s Money: Those Who Are Part Of The Problem Are Unlikely To Be A Part Of Its Solution”, The Statesman Editorial Page Apr 24.

147a. “Political Economy of Energy Policy” in India and Energy Security edited by Anant Sudarshan and Ligia Noronha, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, New Delhi 2007.

169. “Presidential Qualities: Simplicity, Genuine Achievement Are Desirable; Political Ambition Is Not”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, May 8.

170. “We & Our Neighbours: Pakistanis And Bangladeshis Would Do Well To Learn From Sheikh Abdullah”, The Statesman, Editorial Page May 15.

171. “On Indian Nationhood: From Tamils To Kashmiris And Assamese And Mizos To Sikhs And Goans”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, May 25.

172. A Current Example of the Working of the Unconscious Mind, May 26.

173. Where I would have gone if I was Osama Bin Laden, May 31.

174. “US election ’08:America’s Presidential Campaign Seems Destined To Be Focussed On Iraq”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, June 1.

175. “Home Team Advantage: On US-Iran talks and Sunni-Shia subtleties: Tehran must transcend its revolution and endorse the principle that the House of Islam has many mansions”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page, June 3

176. “Unhealthy Delhi: When will normal political philosophy replace personality cults?”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, June 11.

177. “American Turmoil: A Vice-Presidential Coup – And Now a Grassroots Counterrevolution?”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, June 18

178. “Political Paralysis: India has yet to develop normal conservative, liberal and socialist parties. The Nice-Housing-Effect and a little game-theory may explain the current stagnation”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, June 24.

179. “Has America Lost? War Doctrines Of Kutusov vs Clausewitz May Help Explain Iraq War”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, July 3.

180. “Lal Masjid ≠ Golden Temple: Wide differences are revealed between contemporary Pakistan and India by these two superficially similar military assaults on armed religious civilians”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page July 15

181. “Political Stonewalling: Only Transparency Can Improve Institutions”, The Statesman, Editorial Page July 20.

182. “Gold standard etc: Fixed versus flexible exchange rates”, July 21.

183. “US Pakistan-India Policy: Delhi & Islamabad Still Look West In Defining Their Relationship”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, July 27.

184. “Works of DH Lawrence” July 30

185. “An Open Letter to Professor Amartya Sen about Singur etc”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, July 31.

186. “Martin Buber on Palestine and Israel (with Postscript)”, Aug 4.

187. “Auguste Rodin on Nature, Art, Beauty, Women and Love”, Aug 7.

188. “Saving Pakistan: A Physicist/Political Philosopher May Represent Iqbal’s “Spirit of Modern Times”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 13.

189. Letter to Forbes.com 16 Aug.

190. “Need for Clarity: A poorly drafted treaty driven by business motives is a recipe for international misunderstanding”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 19.

191. “No Marxist MBAs? An amicus curiae brief for the Hon’ble High Court”, The Statesman, FrontPage, Aug 29.

192. On Lawrence, Sep 4.

193. Dalai Lama’s Return: In the tradition of Gandhi, King, Mandela, Sep 11.

194. Of JC Bose, Patrick Geddes & the Leaf-World, Sep 12.

195. “Against Quackery: Manmohan and Sonia have violated Rajiv Gandhi’s intended reforms; the Communists have been appeased or bought; the BJP is incompetent Parts 1-2”, in The Sunday Statesman and The Statesman, Editorial Pages of Sep 23-24.

196. Karl Georg Zinn’s 1994 Review of Philosophy of Economics, Sep 26.

197. DH Lawrence’s Phoenix, Oct 3.

93b. “Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform”, Statesman Festival Volume.

198. “Iran, America, Iraq: Bush’s post-Saddam Saddamism — one flip-flop too many?”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 16.

199. “Understanding China: The World Needs to Ask China to Find Her True Higher Self”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 22.

200. “India-USA interests: Elements of a serious Indian foreign policy”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 30.

201. “China’s India Aggression : German Historians Discover Logic Behind Communist Military Strategy”, The Statesman, Editorial Page Special Article, Nov 5.

202. Sonia’s Lying Courtier (with Postscript), Nov 25. See also 2014

203. “Surrender or Fight? War is not a cricket match or Bollywood movie. Can India fight China if it must?” The Statesman, Dec 4, Editorial Page.

204. Hutton and Desai: United in Error Dec 14

205. “China’s Commonwealth: Freedom is the Road to Resolving Taiwan, Tibet, Sinkiang”, The Statesman, Dec 17.

2008

206. “Nixon & Mao vs India: How American foreign policy did a U-turn about Communist China’s India aggression. The Government of India should publish its official history of the 1962 war.” The Sunday Statesman, Jan 6, The Statesman Jan 7 Editorial Page.

207. “Lessons from the 1962 War: Beginnings of a solution to the long-standing border problem: there are distinct Tibetan, Chinese and Indian points of view that need to be mutually comprehended”, The Sunday Statesman, January 13 2008.

208. “Our Dismal Politics: Will Independent India Survive Until 2047?”, The Statesman Editorial Page, Feb 1.

209. Median Voter Model of India’s Electorate Feb 7.

210. “Anarchy in Bengal: Intra-Left bandh marks the final unravelling of “Brand Buddha””, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 10.

211. Fifty years since my third birthday: on life and death.

212. “Pakistan’s Kashmir obsession: Sheikh Abdullah Relied In Politics On The French Constitution, Not Islam”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 16.

213. A Note on the Indian Policy Process Feb 21.

214. “Growth & Government Delusion: Progress Comes From Learning, Enterprise, Exchange, Not The Parasitic State”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 22.

215. “How to Budget: Thrift, Not Theft, Needs to Guide Our Public Finances”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 26.

216. “India’s Budget Process (in Theory)”, The Statesman, Front Page Feb 29.

217. “Irresponsible Governance: Congress, BJP, Communists, BSP, Sena Etc Reveal Equally Bad Traits”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, March 4.

218. “American Politics: Contest Between Obama And Clinton Affects The World”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, March 11.

219. “China’s India Example: Tibet, Xinjiang May Not Be Assimilated Like Inner Mongolia And Manchuria”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, March 25.

220. “Taxation of India’s Professional Cricket: A Proposal”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, April 1.

221. “Two cheers for Pakistan!”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, April 7.

222. “Indian Inflation: Upside Down Economics From The New Delhi Establishment Parts 1-2”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, April 15-16.

223. “Assessing Manmohan: The Doctor of Deficit Finance should realise the currency is at stake”, The Statesman, Editorial Page Apr 25.

224. John Wisdom, Renford Bambrough: Main Philosophical Works, May 8.

225. “All India wept”: On the death of Rajiv Gandhi, May 21.

226. “China’s force and diplomacy: The need for realism in India” The Statesman, Editorial Page May 31.

227. Serendipity and the China-Tibet-India border problem June 6

228. “Leadership vacuum: Time & Tide Wait For No One In Politics: India Trails Pakistan & Nepal!”, The Statesman Editorial Page June 7.

229. My meeting Jawaharlal Nehru Oct13 1962

230. Manindranath Roy 1891-1958

231. Surendranath Roy 1860-1929

232. The Roys of Behala 1928.

233. Sarat Chandra visits Surendranath Roy 1927

234. Nuksaan-Faida Analysis = Cost-Benefit Analysis in Hindi/Urdu Jun 30

235. One of many reasons John R Hicks was a great economist July 3

236. My father, Indian diplomat, in the Shah’s Tehran 1954-57 July 8

237 Distribution of Govt of India Expenditure (Net of Operational Income) 1995 July 27

238. Growth of Real Income, Money & Prices in India 1869-2008, July 28.

239. Communism from Social Democracy? But not in India or China! July 29

240. Death of Solzhenitsyn, Aug. 3

240a. Tolstoy on Science and Art, Aug 4.

241. “Reddy’s reckoning: Where should India’s real interest rate be relative to the world?” Business Standard Aug 10

242. “Rangarajan Effect”, Business Standard Aug 24

243. My grandfather’s death in Ottawa 50 years ago today Sep 3

244. My books in the Library of Congress and British Library Sep 12

245. On Jimmy Carter & the “India-US Nuclear Deal”, Sep 12

246. My father after presenting his credentials to President Kekkonen of Finland Sep 14 1973.

247. “October 1929? Not!”, Business Standard, Sep 18.

248. “MK Gandhi, SN Roy, MA Jinnah in March 1919: Primary education legislation in a time of protest”

249. 122 sensible American economists Sept 26

250. Govt of India: Please call in the BBC and ask them a question Sep 27

251. “Monetary Integrity and the Rupee: Three British Raj relics have dominated our macroeconomic policy-making” Business Standard Sep 28.

252a. Rabindranath’s daughter writes to her friend my grandmother Oct 5

252b. A Literary Find: Modern Poetry in Bengal, Oct 6.

253. Sarat writes to Manindranath 1931, Oct 12

254. Origins of India’s Constitutional Politics 1913

255. Indira Gandhi in Paris, 1971

256. How the Liabilities/Assets Ratio of Indian Banks Changed from 84% in 1970 to 108% in 1998, October 20

257a. My Subjective Probabilities on India’s Moon Mission Oct 21

258. Complete History of Mankind’s Moon Missions: An Indian Citizen’s Letter to ISRO’s Chairman, Oct 22.

259. Would not a few million new immigrants solve America’s mortgage crisis? Oct 26

260. “America’s divided economists”, Business Standard Oct 26

261. One tiny prediction about the Obama Administration, Nov 5

262. Rai Bahadur Umbika Churn Rai, 1827-1902, Nov 7 2008

263. Jawaharlal Nehru invites my father to the Mountbatten Farewell Nov 7 2008

70a. “Become a US Supreme Court Justice! (Explorations in the Rule of Law in America) Preface” Nov 9

70b. “Become a US Supreme Court Justice! (Explorations in the Rule of Law in America)” Nov 9.

257b. Neglecting technological progress was the basis of my pessimism about Chandrayaan, Nov 9.

264. Of a new New Delhi myth and the success of the University of Hawaii 1986-1992 Pakistan project Nov 15

265. Pre-Partition Indian Secularism Case-Study: Fuzlul Huq and Manindranath Roy Nov 16

266. Do President-elect Obama’s Pakistan specialists suppose Maulana Azad, Dr Zakir Hussain, Sheikh Abdullah were Pakistanis (or that Sheikh Mujib wanted to remain one)? Nov 18

267. Jews have never been killed in India for being Jews until this sad day, Nov 28.

268. In international law, Pakistan has been the perpetrator, India the victim of aggression in Mumbai, Nov 30.

269. The Indian Revolution, Dec 1.

270Habeas Corpus: a captured terrorist mass-murderer tells a magistrate he has not been mistreated by Mumbai’s police Dec 3

271. India’s Muslim Voices (Or, Let us be clear the Pakistan-India or Kashmir conflicts have not been Muslim-Hindu conflicts so much as intra-Muslim conflicts about Muslim identity and self-knowledge on the Indian subcontinent), Dec 4

272. “Anger Management” needed? An Oxford DPhil recommends Pakistan launch a nuclear first strike against India within minutes of war, Dec 5.

273. A Quick Comparison Between the September 11 2001 NYC-Washington attacks and the November 26-28 2008 Mumbai Massacres (An Application of the Case-by-Case Philosophical Technique of Wittgenstein, Wisdom and Bambrough), Dec 6

274. Dr Rice finally gets it right (and maybe Mrs Clinton will too) Dec 7

275. Will the Government of India’s new macroeconomic policy dampen or worsen the business-cycle (if such a cycle exists at all)? No one knows! “Where ignorance is bliss, ‘Tis folly to be wise.” Dec 7

276. Pump-priming for car-dealers: Keynes groans in his grave (If evidence was needed of the intellectual dishonesty of New Delhi’s new macroeconomic policy, here it is) Dec 9.

277. Congratulations to Mumbai’s Police: capturing a terrorist, affording him his Habeas Corpus rights, getting him to confess within the Rule of Law, sets a new world standard Dec 10

278. Two cheers — wait, let’s make that one cheer — for America’s Justice Department, Dec 10

279. Will Pakistan accept the bodies of nine dead terrorists who came from Pakistan to Mumbai? If so, let there be a hand-over at the Wagah border, Dec 11.

280. Kasab was a stupid, ignorant, misguided youth, manufactured by Pakistan’s terrorist masterminds into becoming a mass-murdering robot: Mahatma Gandhi’s India should punish him, get him to repent if he wishes, then perhaps rehabilitate him as a potent weapon against Pakistani terrorism Dec 12.

281. Pakistan’s New Delhi Embassy should ask for “Consular Access” to nine dead terrorists in a Mumbai morgue before asking to meet Kasab, Dec 13

282. An Indian Reply to President Zardari: Rewarding Pakistan for bad behaviour leads to schizophrenic relationships Dec 19

283. Is my prediction about Caroline Kennedy becoming US Ambassador to Britain going to be correct? Dec 27

284. Chandrayaan adds a little good cheer! Well done, ISRO!, Dec 28

285. How sad that “Slumdog millionaire” is SO disappointing! Dec 31

289. (with Claude Arpi) “Transparency & history: India’s archives must be opened to world standards” Business Standard New Delhi Dec 31, 2008, published here Jan 1 .

2009

290. A basis of India-Pakistan cooperation on the Mumbai massacres: the ten Pakistani terrorists started off as pirates and the Al-Huseini is a pirate ship Jan 1.

291. India’s “pork-barrel politics” needs a nice (vegetarian) Hindi name! “Teli/oily politics” perhaps? (And are we next going to see a Bill of Rights for Lobbyists?) Jan 3

292. My (armchair) experience of the 1999 Kargil war (Or, “Actionable Intelligence” in the Internet age: How the Kargil effort got a little help from a desktop) Jan 5

293. How Jammu & Kashmir’s Chief Minister Omar Abdullah can become a worthy winner of the Nobel Peace Prize: An Open Letter, Jan 7

294. Could the Satyam/PwC fraud be the visible part of an iceberg? Where are India’s “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”? Isn’t governance rather poor all over corporate India? Bad public finance may be a root cause Jan 8

295. Satyam does not exist: it is bankrupt, broke, kaput. Which part of this does the new “management team” not get? The assets belong to Satyam’s creditors. Jan 8

296. Jews are massacred in Mumbai and now Jews commit a massacre in Gaza! Jan 9

297. And now for the Great Satyam Whitewash/Cover-Up/Public Subsidy! The wrong Minister appoints the wrong new Board who, probably, will choose the wrong policy Jan 12

298. Letter to Wei Jingsheng Jan 14

299. Memo to the Hon’ble Attorneys General of Pakistan & India: How to jointly prosecute the Mumbai massacre perpetrators most expeditiously Jan 16

300. Satyam and IT-firms in general may be good candidates to become “Labour-Managed” firms Jan 18

301. “Yes we might be able to do that. Perhaps we ought to. But again, perhaps we ought not to, let me think about it…. Most important is Cromwell’s advice: Think it possible we may be mistaken!” Jan 20.

302. RAND’s study of the Mumbai attacks Jan 25

303. Didn’t Dr Obama (the new American President’s late father) once publish an article in Harvard’s Quarterly Journal of Economics? (Or did he?) Jan 25.

304. “A Dialogue in Macroeconomics” 1989 etc: sundry thoughts on US economic policy discourse Jan 30

305. American Voices: A Brief Popular History of the United States in 20 You-Tube Music Videos Feb 5

306. Jaladhar Sen writes to Manindranath at Surendranath’s death, Feb 23

307. Pakistani expansionism: India and the world need to beware of “Non-Resident Pakistanis” ruled by Rahmat Ali’s ghost, Feb 9

308. My American years Part One 1980-90: battles for academic integrity & freedom Feb 11.

309. Thanks and well done Minister Rehman Malik and the Govt of Pakistan Feb 12

310. Can President Obama resist the financial zombies (let alone slay them)? His economists need to consult Dr Anna J Schwartz Feb 14

311. A Brief History of Gilgit, Feb 18

312. Memo to UCLA Geographers: Commonsense suggests Mr Bin Laden is far away from the subcontinent Feb 20

313. The BBC gets its history and geography deliberately wrong again Feb 21

314. Bengal Legislative Council 1921, Feb 28

315. Carmichael visits Surendranath, 1916, Mar 1

316. Memo to GoI CLB: India discovered the Zero, and 51% of Zero is still Zero Mar 10

317. An Academic Database of Doctoral & Other Postgraduate Research Done at UK Universities on India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Other Asian Countries Over 100 Years, Mar 13

318. Pakistan’s progress, Mar 18

319. Risk-aversion explains resistance to free trade, Mar 19

320. India’s incredibly volatile inflation rate! Mar 20

321. Is “Vicky, Cristina, Barcelona” referring to an emasculation of (elite) American society?, Mar 21

322. Just how much intellectual fraud can Delhi produce? Mar 26

323. India is not a monarchy! We urgently need to universalize the French concept of “citoyen”! Mar 28

324. Could this be the real state of some of our higher education institutions? Mar 29

325. Progress! The BBC retracts its prevarication! Mar 30

326. Aldous Huxley’s Essay “DH Lawrence” Mar 31

327. Waffle not institutional reform is what (I predict) the “G-20 summit” will produce, April 1

328. Did a full cricket team of Indian bureaucrats follow our PM into 10 Downing Street? Count for yourself! April 3

329. Will someone please teach the BJP’s gerontocracy some Economics 101 on an emergency basis? April 5

330. The BBC needs to determine exactly where it thinks Pakistan is!, April 5

331. Alfred Lyall on Christians, Muslims, India, China, Etc, 1908, April 6

332. An eminent economist of India passes away April 9

333. Democracy Database for the Largest Electorate Ever Seen in World History, April 12

334. Memo to the Election Commission of India April 14 2009, 9 AM, April 14

335. Caveat emptor! Satyam is taken over, April 14

336. India’s 2009 General Elections: Candidates, Parties, Symbols for Polls on 16-30 April Phases 1,2,3, April 15

337. On the general theory of expertise in democracy: reflections on what emerges from the American “torture memos” today, April 18

338. India’s 2009 General Elections: 467 constituencies (out of 543) for which candidates have been announced as of 1700hrs April 21, April 21

339. Apropos Philosophy of Economics, Comments of Sidney Hook, KJ Arrow, Milton Friedman, TW Schultz, SS Alexander, Max Black, Renford Bambrough, John Gray et al., April 22.

340. India’s 2009 General Elections: Names of all 543 Constituencies of the 15th Lok Sabha, April 22.

341. India’s 2009 General Elections: How 4125 State Assembly Constituencies comprise the 543 new Lok Sabha Constituencies, April 23.

342. Why has America’s “torture debate” yet to mention the obvious? Viz., sadism and racism, April 24

343. India’s 2009 General Elections: the advice of the late “George Eliot” (Mary Ann Evans, 1819-1880) to India’s voting public, April 24.

344. India’s 2009 General Elections: Delimitation and the Different Lists of 543 Lok Sabha Constituencies in 2009 and 2004, April 25

345. Is “Slumdog Millionaire” the single worst Best Picture ever?

346. India’s 2009 General Elections: Result of Delimitation — Old (2004) and New (2009) Lok Sabha and Assembly Constituencies, April 26

347. India’s 2009 General Elections: 7019 Candidates in 485 (out of 543) Constituencies announced as of April 26 noon April 26

348. What is Christine Fair referring to? Would the MEA kindly seek to address what she has claimed asap? April 27

349. Politics can be so entertaining 🙂 Manmohan versus Sonia on the poor old CPI(M)!, April 28

350. A Dozen Grown-Up Questions for Sonia Gandhi, Manmohan Singh, LK Advani, Sharad Pawar, Km Mayawati and Anyone Else Dreaming of Becoming/Deciding India’s PM After the 2009 General Elections, April 28

351. India’s 2009 General Elections: How drastically will the vote-share of political parties change from 2004? May 2

352. India’s 2009 General Elections: And now finally, all 8,070 Candidates across all 543 Lok Sabha Constituencies, May 5

353. India’s 2009 General Elections: The Mapping of Votes into Assembly Segments Won into Parliamentary Seats Won in the 2004 Election, May 7

354. Will Messrs Advani, Rajnath Singh & Modi ride into the sunset if the BJP comes to be trounced? (Corrected), May 10

355. India’s 2009 General Elections: 543 Matrices to Help Ordinary Citizens Audit the Election Commission’s Vote-Tallies May 12

356. Well done Sonia-Rahul! Two hours before polls close today, I am willing to predict a big victory for you (but, please, try to get your economics right, and also, you must get Dr Singh a Lok Sabha seat if he is to be PM) May 13

357. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee must dissolve the West Bengal Assembly if he is an honest democrat: Please try to follow Gerard Schröder’s example even slightly! May 16

358. India’s 2009 General Elections: Provisional Results from the EC as of 1400 hours Indian Standard Time May 16

359. Memo to the Hon’ble President of India: It is Sonia Gandhi, not Manmohan Singh, who should be invited to our equivalent of the “Kissing Hands” Ceremony May 16

360. Time for heads to roll in the BJP/RSS and CPI(M)!, May 17.

361. Inviting a new Prime Minister of India to form a Government: Procedure Right and Wrong May 18

362. Starting with Procedural Error: Why has the “Cabinet” of the 14th Lok Sabha been meeting today AFTER the results of the Elections to the 15th Lok Sabha have been declared?! May 18

363. Why has the Sonia Congress done something that the Congress under Nehru-Indira-Rajiv would not have done, namely, exaggerate the power of the Rajya Sabha and diminish the power of the Lok Sabha? May 21

364. Shouldn’t Dr Singh’s Cabinet begin with a small apology to the President of India for discourtesy? May we have reviews and reforms of protocols and practices to be followed at Rashtrapati Bhavan and elsewhere? May 23

365. Parliament’s sovereignty has been diminished by the Executive: A record for future generations to know May 25

366. How tightly will organised Big Business be able to control economic policies this time? May 26

367. Why does India not have a Parliament ten days after the 15th Lok Sabha was elected? Nehru and Rajiv would both have been appalled May 27

368. Eleven days and counting after the 15th Lok Sabha was elected and still no Parliament of India! (But we do have 79 Ministers — might that be a world record?) May 28

369. Note to Posterity: 79 Ministers in office but no 15th Lok Sabha until June 1 2009! May 29

370. Silver Jubilee of Pricing, Planning & Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India May 29

371. How to Design a Better Cabinet for the Government of India May 29

372. Parliament is supposed to control the Government, not be bullied or intimidated by it: Will Rahul Gandhi be able to lead the Backbenches in the 15th Lok Sabha? June 1

373. Mistaken Macroeconomics: An Open Letter to Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, June 12

374. Why did Manmohan Singh and LK Advani apologise to one another? Is Indian politics essentially collusive, not competitive, aiming only to preserve and promote the post-1947 Dilli Raj at the expense of the whole of India? We seem to have no Churchillian repartee (except perhaps from Bihar occasionally) June 18

375. Are Iran’s Revolutionaries now Reactionaries? George Orwell would have understood. A fresh poll may be the only answer Are Iran’s Revolutionaries now Reactionaries? George Orwell would have understood. A fresh poll may be the only answer June 22

376. My March 25 1991 memo to Rajiv (which never reached him) is something the present Government seems to have followed: all for the best of course! July 12

377. Disquietude about France’s behaviour towards India on July 14 2009 July 14

378. Does the Govt. of India assume “foreign investors and analysts” are a key constituency for Indian economic policy-making? If so, why so? Have Govt. economists “learnt nothing, forgotten everything”? Some Bastille Day thoughts July 14

379. Letter to the GoI’s seniormost technical economist, May 21.July 19

380. Excuse me but young Kasab in fact confessed many months ago, immediately after he was captured – he deserves 20 or 30 years in an Indian prison, and a chance to become a model prisoner who will stand against the very terrorists who sent him on his vile mission July 20

381. Finally, three months late, the GoI responds to American and Pakistani allegations about Balochistan July 24

382. Thoughts, words, deeds: My work 1973-2010

2012

383.  Life of my father 1915-2012

384. India’s Money” in the Cayman Financial Review, July 2012

385. Towards Making the Indian Rupee a Hard Currency of the World Economy: An analysis from British times until the present day, lecture at India International Centre, Delhi, 3 Dec 2012

386. 5 December 2012 interview by Mr Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, on Lok Sabha TV, the channel of India’s Lower House of Parliament, broadcast for the first time on 9 December 2012 on Lok Sabha TV, is here and here  in two parts.

387. Interview by GDI Impuls banking quarterly of  Zürich  published on 6 Dec 2012 is here.

388. My interview by Ragini Bhuyan of Delhi’s Sunday Guardian published on 16 Dec 2012  is here.

2013

389. “I have a student called Suby Roy…”: Reflections on Frank Hahn (1925-2013), my master in economic theory

390. Cambridge Economics & the Disputation in India’s Economic Policy, Revised 15 July 2013

391. Critical assessment dated 19 August 2013 of Raghuram Rajan is here (Live Mint 19 Aug) and here

392.  “Did Jagdish Bhagwati “originate”, “pioneer”, “intellectually father” India’s 1991 economic reform? Did Manmohan Singh? Or did I, through my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi, just as Siddhartha Shankar Ray told Manmohan & his aides in Sep 1993 in Washington? Judge the evidence for yourself. And why has Amartya Sen misdescribed his work? India’s right path forward today remains what I said in my 3 Dec 2012 Delhi lecture! 23 August 2013 here

393. My Recent Works, Interviews etc on India’s Money, Public Finance, Banking, Trade, BoP, Land, etc (an incomplete list) Nov 23, 2013

2014

394.  1) My 13 Sep 2019 Advice to PM Modi’s Adviser: Let PM address each State Legislature, get all India Govt Accounting & Public Decision Making to have integrity (2) 16 May 2014 Advice from Rajiv Gandhi’s Adviser to Narendra Modi: Do not populate the “Planning Commission” with worthies, scrap it, integrate its assets with the Treasury. And get the nationalised banks & RBI out of the Treasury. Tell them to read my 3 Dec 2012 Delhi lecture with care. Clean Government Accounting & Audit is the Key to Clean Public Finances & a Proper Indian Currency for the First Time Ever May 16, 2014. 

395.  “On India’s Education Policy”, published as “Mrs Irani’s New Job”/”Task Cut Out For Smriti Irani”  http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/Task-Cut-Out-for-Smriti-Irani/2014/06/16/article2282316.ece

396. Much as I might love Russia, England, France, America, I despise their spies & local agents affecting poor India’s policies: Memo to PM Modi, Mr Jaitley, Mr Doval & the new Govt. of India: Beware of Delhi’s sleeper agents, lobbyists & other dalals

397. “Haksar, Manmohan and Sonia” New Indian Express http://t.co/bRnQI1hrwy

2015

398.  Free India’s Foreign Policy & Economy in One Chart: Weapons Imports 1950-2013 by Country of Origin

399.  Delhi can never be improved — until the rest of India improves! February 13, 2015

400. Pakistan’s & India’s Illusions of Power (Psychosis vs Vanity) March 3, 2015

401.  How the India-Bangladesh Enclaves Problem Was Jump-Started in 2007 Towards its 2015 Solution: A Case Study of Academic Impact on Policy June 8, 2015

402.  On being reunited with Arrow Hahn after a dozen years July 3, 2015

403.  Fixing Washington: On Improving Institutional Design in the United States November 24, 2016

404.  Modi & Monetary Theory: Economic Consequences of the Prime Minister of India December 9, 2016.

405.  Physics & Reasoning (An Ongoing Tract) by Subroto Roy DRAFT 01.12.2017 September 26, 2017

406. Is “Cambridge Philosophy” dead, in Cambridge? Can it be resurrected, there? Case Study: Renford Bambrough (& Subroto Roy) preceded by decades Cheryl Misak’s thesis on Wittgenstein being linked with Peirce via Ramsey… October 27, 2017

407. S N Roy hears from Lytton: A 1922 case of British imperial racism in Indian governance (with lessons for today) [Draft text 12 August 2018] February 8, 2018

408.  Solving a Problem of State Tyranny: Director General Siddhanta Das: Have Forest Service Officers been threatening ordinary citizens, seizing their property, then threatening them with arrest if they complain? If so, how many cases of wrongful seizure and wrongful imprisonment have WCCB caused among India’s villagers and forest dwellers since 1994? There is immediate need for an Ombudsman to independently review all cases in each of your Five Zones! May 4,

409.  Critique of Monetary Ideas of Manmohan & Modi: the Roy Model explaining to Bimal Jalan, Nirmala Sitharaman, RBI etc what it is they are doing (Drafts 4 August, 7 August 2019; 27 August, 28 August, 30 August, 31 August, 1 September 2019) August 4, 2019

410. 1 May 2020 Statement of Dr. Subroto Roy, Economist & Citizen, Proposing PM Narendra Modi & Home Minister Amit Shah Apologize to India’s People, Create Remedy, and Resign to Do Prayaschit/Atonement; 9 May: A New Cabinet for President Kovind May 1, 2020

See also:

My Recent Works, Interviews etc on India’s Money, Public Finance, Banking, Trade, BoP, etc (an incomplete list)

My Seventy-One Articles, Notes Etc on Kashmir, Pakistan, & of course, India (plus my undelivered Lahore lectures)

My Ten Articles on China, Tibet, Xinjiang, Taiwan in relation to India

M1. Map of Asia c. 1900

M2. Map of Chinese Empire c. 1900

M3. Map of Sinkiang, Tibet and Neighbours 1944

M4. China’s Secretly Built 1957 Road Through India’s Aksai Chin

M5. Map of Kashmir to Sinkiang 1944

M6. Map of India-Tibet-China-Mongolia 1959

M7. Map of India, Afghanistan, Russia, China, 1897

M8. Map of Xinjiang/Sinkiang/E Turkestan

M9. Map of Bombay/Mumbai 1909

M10-M13. Himalayan Expedition, West Sikkim 1970 – 1,2,3,4

Thoughts, words, deeds

My work 1973-2014

Subroto Roy

This is an incomplete bibliography of my writings, public lectures etc 1973-2014 including citations, reviews, comments. I have been mostly an academic economist who by choice or circumstance over 41 years has had to venture also into science, philosophy, public policy, law, jurisprudence, practical politics, history, international relations, military strategy, financial theory, accounting, management, journalism, literary criticism, psychology, psychoanalysis, theology, aesthetics, biography, children’s fables, etc. If anything unites the seemingly diverse work recorded below it is that I have tried to acquire a grasp of the nature of human reason and then apply this comprehension in practical contexts as simply and clearly as possible. Hence I have ended up following the path of Aristotle, as described in modern times (via Wittgenstein and John Wisdom) by Renford Bambrough. The 2004 public lecture in England, “Science, Religion, Art & the Necessity of Freedom”, may explain and illustrate all this best. A friend has been kind enough to call me an Academician, which I probably am, though one who really needs his own Academy because the incompetence, greed and mendacity encountered too often in the modern professoriat is dispiriting.
Besides writings and publications printed on paper, there are writings or items not printed on paper — as new media break space, cost and other constraints of traditional publishing. A little repetition and overlap has occurred too. Also in a few cases, e.g., Aldous Huxley’s essay on DH Lawrence, nothing has been done except discover and republish. Several databases have been created and released in the public interest, as have been some rare maps. There is also some biographical and autobiographical material. Several inconsequential errors remain in the text, which shall take time to be rectified as documents come to be rediscovered and collated.
1973

1. “Behavioural study of mus musculus”, Haileybury College, Supervised by J de C Ford-Robertson MA (Oxon). (Due to be published here 2010).
2. “Chemistry at Advanced & Special Level: Student Notes 1972-73” (Due to be published here 2010).
3. “Biology at Advanced & Special Level: Student Notes 1972-73”, (Due to be published here 2010).
4. “Physics at Advanced Level: Student Notes 1972-73”, (Due to be published here 2010).
5. “Revolution: theoria and praxis”, London, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).
6. “Gandhi vs Marx”, London, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).
1974
7. “Relevance of downward money-wage rigidity to the problem of maintaining full-employment in the classical and Keynesian models of income determination”, London School of Economics, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).
8. “Testing aircraft fuels at Shell Finland”.
1975
9. “Oxford Street experiences: down and out in London town”.
10. “SE Region Bulk Distribution Survey”, Unilever, Basingstoke.
11. “Four London poems”, in JCM Paton (ed) New Writing (London, Great Portland Street: International Students House). (Due to be republished here 2010)
12. “On economic growth models and modellers”, London School of Economics, mimeo. (Due to be published here 2010).
1976
13. “World money: system or anarchy?”, lecture to Professor ACL Day’s seminar, London School of Economics, Economics Department, April. (Due to be published here 2010).
14. “A beginner’s guide to some recent developments in monetary theory”, lecture to Professor FH Hahn’s seminar, Cambridge University Economics Department, November 17 (Due to be published here 2010). See also “Announcement of My “Hahn Seminar”, published here June 14 2008.
1977
15. “Inflation and unemployment: a survey”, mimeo, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. (Due to be published here 2010).
16. “On short run theories of dual economies”, Cambridge University Economics Department “substantial piece of work” required of first year Research Students. Examiner: DMG Newbery, FBA. (Due to be published here 2010).
1978
17. “Pure theory of developing economies 1 and 2”, Delhi School of Economics mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).
18. “Introduction to some market outcomes under uncertainty”, Delhi School of Economics mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).
19. “On money and development”, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, mimeo, September. (Due to be published here 2010)
20. “Notes on the Newbery-Stiglitz model of sharecropping”, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, mimeo November. (Due to be published here 2010).
1979
21. “A theory of rights and economic justice”, Corpus Christi College Cambridge mimeo. (Due to be published here 2010).
22. “Monetary theory and economic development”, Corpus Christi College Cambridge, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).
23. “Foundations of the case against ‘development planning’”, Corpus Christi College Cambridge, mimeo, November. (Due to be published here 2010).
1979-1989
24. Correspondence with Renford Bambrough (1926-1999), philosopher of St John’s College, Cambridge (Due to be published here 2010).
1980
25. “Models before the monetarist storm”, New Statesman letters
26. “Disciplining rulers and experts”, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, mimeo. (Due to be published here 2010).
1981
27. “On liberty & economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”, Cambridge University doctoral thesis, supervisor FH Hahn, FBA; examiners CJ Bliss, FBA; TW Hutchison, FBA (Due to be published here 2010). 27a Response of FA Hayek on a partial draft February 18 1981. 27b Response of Peter Bauer, 1982. 27c Response of Theodore W Schultz, 1983. 27d. Response of Frank Hahn 1985.
1982
28. “Knowledge and freedom in economic theory Parts 1 and 2”, Centre for Study of Public Choice, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Working Papers.
29. “Economic Theory and Development Economics”. Lecture to American Economic Association, New York, Dec 1982. Panel: RM Solow, HB Chenery, T Weisskopf, P Streeten, G Rosen, S Roy. Published in 29a.
1983
29a “Economic Theory and Development Economics: A Comment”. World Development, 1983. [Citation: Stavros Thefanides “Metamorphosis of Development Economics”, World Development 1988.]
30. “The Political Economy of Trade Policy (Comment on J. Michael Finger)”, Washington DC: Cato Journal, Winter 1983/84. See also “Did Donald Trump & Bernie Sanders get their Trade Policy from my 1983 Cato talk?”  2009/2017.
1984
31. “Considerations on Utility, Benevolence and Taxation”, History of Political Economy, 1984. 31a Response of Professor Sir John Hicks May 1 1984.
[Citations: P. Hennipman, “A Tale of Two Schools”, De Economist 1987, “A New Look at the Ordinalist Revolution”, J. Econ. Lit. Mar 1988; P. Rappoport, “Reply to Professor Hennipman”, J. Econ. Lit. Mar 1988; Eugene Smolensky et al “An Application of A Dynamic Cost-of-Living Index to the Evaluation of Changes in Social Welfare”, J. Post-Keynesian Econ.IX.3. 1987.]
32. Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India, London: Institute of Economic Affairs, London 1984.
[Citations: Lead editorial of The Times of London May 29 1984, “India’s economy”, Times letters June 16 1984. John Toye “Political Economy & Analysis of Indian Development”, Modern Asian Studies, 22, 1, 1988; John Toye, Dilemmas of Development; D. Wilson, “Privatization of Asia”, The Banker Sep. 1984 etc]. See also 370 “Silver Jubilee of ‘Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India’” 2009.
33. Review of Utilitarianism and Beyond, Amartya Sen & Bernard Williams (eds) Public Choice.
34. Review of Limits of Utilitarianism, HB Miller & WH Williams (eds.), Public Choice.
35. Deendayal lecture (one of four invited lecturers), Washington DC, May October “On Government and the Individual in India”

1987
36. (with one other) “Does the Theory of Logical Types Inform the Theory of Communication?”, Journal of Genetic Psychology., 148 (4), Dec. 1987 [Citation:
37. “Irrelevance of Foreign Aid”, India International Centre Quarterly, Winter 1987.
38. Review of Development Planning by Sukhamoy Chakravarty for Economic Affairs, London 1987.
1988
39. (with Seiji Naya and Pearl Imada) “Introduction” to Lessons in Development: A Comparative Study of Asia and Latin America. San Francisco: Inst. of Economic Growth.
40. “A note on the welfare economics of regional cooperation”, lecture to Asia-Latin America conference, East West Center Honolulu, published 2009.
1989
41. Philosophy of Economics: On the Scope of Reason in Economic Inquiry, London & New York: Routledge (International Library of Philosophy) 1989, paperback 1991. Internet edition 2007. [Reviews & Citations: Research in Economics, 1992; De Economist 1991 & 1992; Manch.Sch. Econ.Studs. 59, 1991; Ethics 101.88 Jul. 1991; Kyklos 43.4 1990; Soc. Science Q. 71.880. Dec.1990; Can. Phil. Rev. 1990; J. Econ. Hist. Sep. 1990; Econ. & Phil. Fall 1990; Econ. Affairs June-July 1990; TLS May 1990; Choice March 1990; J. App.Phil. 1994, M. Blaug: Methodology of Economics, 2nd ed., Cambridge, 1992; Hist. Methods. 27.3, 1994; J. of Inst. & Theoretical Econ.,1994; Jahrbucker fur Nationaleconomie 1994, 573:574. Mark A Lutz in Economics for the Common Good, London: Routledge, 1999, et al]. See also 339 “Apropos Philosophy of Economics”, Comments of Sidney Hook, KJ Arrow, Milton Friedman, TW Schultz, SS Alexander, Max Black, Renford Bambrough, John Gray et al.
42. Foreword to Essays on the Political Economy by James M. Buchanan, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 1989.
43. “Modern Political Economy of India”, edited by Subroto Roy & William E James, Hawaii mimeo May 21 1989. This published for the first time a November 1955 memorandum to the Government of India by Milton Friedman. See also 43a, 53.
43a. Preface to “Milton Friedman’s extempore comments at the 1989 Hawaii conference: on India, Israel, Palestine, the USA, Debt and its uses, Erhardt abolishing exchange controls, Etc”, May 22 1989, published here for the first time October 31 2008.
44. Milton Friedman’s defence of my work in 1989.
45. Theodore W. Schultz’s defence of Philosophy of Economics
1990
46. “Letter to Judge Evelyn Lance: On A Case Study in Private International Law” (Due to be published here in 2010).
47-49. Selections from advisory work on economic policy etc for Rajiv Gandhi, Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of India, published in 47a-49a.
1991
41b Philosophy of Economics: On the Scope of Reason in Economic Inquiry, Paperback edition.
50. “Conversations and correspondence with Rajiv Gandhi during the Gulf war, January 1991” (Due to be published here 2010).
47a. A Memo to Rajiv I: Stronger Secular Middle”, The Statesman, Jul 31 1991.
48a “A Memo to Rajiv II: Saving India’s Prestige”, The Statesman, Aug 1 1991.
49a “A Memo to Rajiv III: Salvation in Penny Capitalism”, The Statesman, Aug 2 1991 47b-49b “Three Memoranda to Rajiv Gandhi 1990-91”, 2007 republication here.
51. “Constitution for a Second Indian Republic”, The Saturday Statesman, April 20 1991. Republished here 2009.
52. “On the Art of Government: Experts, Party, Cabinet and Bureaucracy”, New Delhi mimeo March 25 1991, published here July 00 2009.
1992
53. Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s Edited and with an Introduction by Subroto Roy & William E. James New Delhi, London, Newbury Park: Sage: 1992. Citation: Milton and Rose Friedman Two Lucky People (Chicago 1998), pp. 268-269.
54. Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s Edited and with an Introduction by William E. James & Subroto Roy, Hawaii MS 1989, Sage: 1992, Karachi: Oxford 1993.
Reviews of 53 & 54 include: Bus. Today, Mar-Apr 1992; Political Studies March 1995; Econ Times 21 March 1993; Pakistan Development Review 1992. Hindustan Times 11 July 1992. Pacific Affairs 1993; Hindu 21 March 1993, 15 June 1993; Pakistan News International 12 June 1993. Book Reviews March 1993; Deccan Herald 2 May 1993; Pol.Econ.J. Ind. 1992. Fin Express 13 September 1992; Statesman 16 Jan. 1993. J. Royal Soc Asian Aff. 1994, J. Contemporary Asia, 1994 etc.
55. “Fundamental Problems of the Economies of India and Pakistan”, World Bank, Washington, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).
56.“The Road to Stagflation: The Coming Dirigisme in America, or, America, beware thy economists!, or Zen and Clintonomics,” Washington DC, Broad Branch Terrace, mimeo, November 17.
1993
57. “Exchange-rates and manufactured exports of South Asia”, IMF Washington DC mimeo. Published in part in 2007-2008 as 58-62:
58. “Path of the Indian Rupee 1947-1993”, 2008.
59. “Path of the Pakistan Rupee 1947-1993”, 2008.
60. “Path of the Sri Lankan Rupee 1948-1993”, 2008.
61. “Path of the Bangladesh Taka 1972-1993”, 2008.
62. “India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh Manufactured Exports, IMF Washington DC mimeo”, published 2007.
63. “Economic Assessment of US-India Merchandise Trade”, Arlington, Virginia, mimeo, published in slight part in Indo-US Trade & Economic Cooperation, ICRIER New Delhi, 1995, and in whole 2007.
64. “Towards an Economic Solution for Kashmir”, mimeo, Arlington, Virginia, circulated in Washington DC 1993-1995, cf 82, 111 infra. Comment of Selig Harrison.
1994
65. “Comment on Indonesia”, in The Political Economy of Policy Reform edited by John Williamson, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.
66a “Gold reserves & the gold price in anticipation of Central Bank behaviour”, Greenwich, Connecticut, mimeo. 67b. “Portfolio optimization and foreign currency exposure hedging” Greenwich, Connecticut mimeo.
1995
68. “On the logic and commonsense of debt and payments crises: How to avoid another Mexico in India and Pakistan”, Scarsdale, NY, mimeo, May 1.
69. “Policies for Young India”, Scarsdale, NY, pp. 350, manuscript.
1996
70. US Supreme Court documents, published in part in 2008 as “Become a US Supreme Court Justice!” 70a, 70b (Due to be published in full here in 2010 as Roy vs University of Hawaii, 1989- including the expert testimonies of Milton Friedman and Theodore W Schultz.).
71. “Key problems of macroeconomic management facing the new Indian Government”, May 17. Scarsdale, New York, mimeo. (Due to be published here 2010).
72. “Preventing a collapse of the rupee”, IIT Kharagpur lecture July 16 1996.
73. “The Economist’s Representation of Technological Knowledge”, Vishvesvaraya lecture to the Institution of Engineers, September 15 1996, IIT Kharagpur.
1997
74. “Union and State Budgets in India”, lecture at the World Bank, Washington DC, May 00.
75. “State Budgets in India”, IIT Kharagpur mimeo, June 6.
1998
76. “Transparency and Economic Policy-Making: An address to the Asia-Pacific Public Relations Conference” (panel on Transparency chaired by CR Irani) Jan 30 1998, published here 2008.
77. Theodore W. Schultz 1902-1998, Feb 25.
78. “The Economic View of Human Resources”, address to a regional conference on human resources, IIT Kharagpur.
79. “Management accounting”, lecture at Lal Bahadur Shastri Academy, Mussourie,
80a “The Original Reformer”, Outlook letters, Jan 23 1998
81. “Recent Developments in Modern Finance”, IIM Bangalore Review, 10, 1 & 2, Jan.-Jun 1998. Reprinted as “From the Management Guru’s Classroom”: 81a “An introduction to derivatives”, Business Standard/Financial Times, Bombay 18 Apr 1999; 81b “Options in the future, Apr 25 1999; 81c “What is hedging?”, May 2 1999; 81d “Teaching computers to think”, May 9 1999.
82. “Towards an Economic Solution for Kashmir”, Jun 22 1998, lecture at Heritage Foundation, Washington DC. Cf 111 Dec 2005.
83. “Sixteen Currencies for India: A Reverse Euro Model for Monetary & Fiscal Efficacy”, Lecture at the Institute of Economic Affairs, London, June 29 1998. Due to be published here 2010.
84. “Fable of the Fox, the Farmer, and the Would-Be Tailors”, October (Published here July 27 2009).
85. “A Common Man’s Guide to Pricing Financial Derivatives”, Lecture to “National Seminar on Derivatives”, Xavier Labour Research Institute, Jamshedpur, Dec. 16 1998. See 98.
1999
86. “An Analysis of Pakistan’s War-Winning Strategy: Are We Ready for This?”, IIT Kharagpur mimeo, published in part as 86a.“Was a Pakistani Grand Strategy Discerned in Time by India?” New Delhi: Security & Political Risk Analysis Bulletin, July 1999, Kargil issue. See also 000
80b. “The Original Reformer”, Outlook letters, Sep 13 1999.
2000
87. “On Freedom & the Scientific Point of View”, SN Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Feb 17 2000. Cf 100 below.
88. “Liberalism and Indian economic policy”, lecture at IIM Calcutta, Indian Liberal Group Meetings Devlali, Hyderabad; also Keynote address to UGC Seminar Guntur, March 30 2002. (Due to be published here 2010).
89. “Towards a Highly Transparent Fiscal & Monetary Framework for India’s Union & State Governments”, Invited address to Conference of State Finance Secretaries, Reserve Bank of India, Bombay, April 29, 2000. Published 2008.
90. “On the Economics of Information Technology”, two lectures at the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Nov 10-11, 2000.
91. Review of A New World by Amit Chaudhuri in Literary Criterion, Mysore.
2001
92. Review of AD Shroff: Titan of Finance and Free Enterprise by Sucheta Dalal, Freedom First., January.
93. “Encounter with Rajiv Gandhi: On the Origins of the 1991 Economic Reform”, Freedom First, October. See also 93a in 2005 and 93b in 2007.
94. “A General Theory of Globalization & Modern Terrorism with Special Reference to September 11”, a keynote address to the Council for Asian Liberals & Democrats, Manila, Philippines, 16 Nov. 2001. Published as 91a.
95. “The Case for and against The Satanic Verses: Diatribe and Dialectic as Art”, Dec 22 republished in print 95a The Statesman Festival Volume, 2006.
2002
94a “A General Theory of Globalization & Modern Terrorism with Special Reference to September 11”, in September 11 & Political Freedom in Asia, eds. Johannen, Smith & Gomez, Singapore 2002.
2002-2010
96. “Recording vivid dreams: Freud’s advice in exploring the Unconscious Mind” (Due to be published here in 2010).
2003
97. “Key principles of government accounting and audit”, IIT Kharagpur mimeo.
98. “Derivative pricing & other topics in financial theory: a student’s complete lecture notes” (Due to be published here in 2010).
2004
99. TV Interview by BBC, Oxford, after May 2004 General Election in India.
100. “Collapse of the Global Conversation”, International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden, Netherlands, Jul 2004.
101. “Science, Religion, Art & the Necessity of Freedom”, a public lecture, University of Buckingham, UK, August 24 2004. Published here 2007.
2005
93a Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform (this was the full story; it appeared in print for the first time in The Statesman Festival Volume 2007).
102. “Can India become an economic superpower (or will there be a monetary meltdown)?” Cardiff University Institute of Applied Macroeconomics Monetary Economics Seminar, April 13, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, April 27, Reserve Bank of India, Bombay, Chief Economist’s Seminar on Monetary Economics, May 5.
103. Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution: How it Happened and What it Meant, Edited and with an Introduction by Subroto Roy & John Clarke, London & New York: Continuum, 2005; paperback 2006; French translation by Florian Bay, 2007.
104. “Iqbal & Jinnah vs Rahmat Ali in Pakistan’s Creation”, Dawn, Karachi, Sep 3.
105. “The Mitrokhin Archives II from an Indian Perspective: A Review Article”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Oct 11 .
106. “After the Verdict”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 20.
107. “US Espionage Failures”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Oct 26
108. “Waffle But No Models of Monetary Policy”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Oct 30.
109. “On Hindus and Muslims”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Nov 6.
110. “Assessing Vajpayee: Hindutva True and False”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Nov 13-14″.
111. “Fiction from the India Economic Summit”, The Statesman, Front Page, Nov 29.
112. “Solving Kashmir: On an Application of Reason”, The Statesman Editorial Page
I. “Give the Hurriyat et al Indian Green Cards”, Dec 1
II. “Choice of Nationality under Full Information”, Dec 2
III. “Of Flags and Consulates in Gilgit etc”, Dec 3.
2006
113. “The Dream Team: A Critique”, The Statesman Editorial Page
I : New Delhi’s Consensus (Manmohantekidambaromics), Jan 6
II: Money, Convertibility, Inflationary Deficit Financing, Jan 7
III: Rule of Law, Transparency, Government Accounting, Jan 8.
114. “Unaccountable Delhi: India’s Separation of Powers’ Doctrine”, The Statesman, Jan 13.
115. “Communists and Constitutions”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Jan 22.
116. “Diplomatic Wisdom”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Jan 31.
117. “Mendacity & the Government Budget Constraint”, The Statesman, Front Page Feb 3.
118. “Of Graven Images”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb5.
119. “Separation of Powers, Parts 1-2”, The Statesman, Editorial Pages Feb 12-13.
120. “Public Debt, Government Fantasy”, The Statesman, Front Page Editorial Comment, Feb 22.
121. “War or Peace Parts 1-2”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 23-24.
122. “Can You Handle This Brief, Mr Chidambaram?” The Statesman, Front Page Feb 26.
123. “A Downpayment On the Taj Mahal Anyone?”, The Statesman, Front Page Comment on the Budget 2006-2007, Mar 1.
124. “Atoms for Peace (or War)”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page Mar 5.
125. “Imperialism Redux: Business, Energy, Weapons & Foreign Policy”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Mar 14.
126. “Logic of Democracy”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Mar 30.
127. “Towards an Energy Policy”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 2.
128. “Iran’s Nationalism”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 6.
129. “A Modern Military”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 16.
130. “On Money & Banking”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 23.
131. “Lessons for India from Nepal’s Revolution”, The Statesman, Front Page Apr 26.
132. “Revisionist Flattery (Inder Malhotra’s Indira Gandhi: A Review Article)”, The Sunday Statesman, May 7.
133. “Modern World History”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page, May 7.
134. “Argumentative Indians: A Conversation with Professor Amartya Sen on Philosophy, Identity and Islam,” The Sunday Statesman, May 14 2006. “A Philosophical Conversation between Professor Sen and Dr Roy”, 2008. Translated into Bengali by AA and published in 00.
135. “The Politics of Dr Singh”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, May 21.
136. “Corporate Governance & the Principal-Agent Problem”, lecture at a conference on corporate governance, Kolkata May 31. Published here 2008.
137. “Pakistan’s Allies Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jun 4-5.
138. “Law, Justice and J&K Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jul 2, The Statesman Editorial Page Jul 3.
139. “The Greatest Pashtun (Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan)”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jul 16.
140. “Understanding Pakistan Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jul 30, The Statesman Editorial Page Jul 31.
141. “Indian Money and Credit”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 6.
142. “India’s Moon Mission”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 13.
143. “Jaswant’s Journeyings: A Review Article”, The Sunday Statesman Magazine, Aug 27.
144. “Our Energy Interests, Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 27, The Statesman Editorial Page Aug 28.
145. “Is Balochistan Doomed?”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Sep 3 2006.
146. “Racism New and Old”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Sep 8 2006
147. “Political Economy of India’s Energy Policy”, address to KAF-TERI conference, Goa Oct 7, published in 147a.
148. “New Foreign Policy? Seven phases of Indian foreign policy may be identifiable since Nehru”, Parts 1-2, The Sunday Statesman, Oct 8, The Statesman Oct 9.
149. “Justice & Afzal: There is a difference between law and equity (or natural justice). The power of pardon is an equitable power. Commuting a death-sentence is a partial pardon”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Oct 14
150. “Non-existent liberals (On a Liberal Party for India)”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Oct 22.
151. “History of Jammu & Kashmir Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Oct 29, The Statesman Oct 30, Editorial Page.
152. “American Democracy: Does America need a Prime Minister and a longer-lived Legislature?”, The Sunday Statesman Nov 5.
153. “Milton Friedman A Man of Reason 1912-2006”, The Statesman Perspective Page, Nov 22.
154. “Postscript to Milton Friedman Mahalanobis’s Plan (The Mahalanobis-Nehru “Second Plan”) The Statesman Front Page Nov 22.
155. “Mob Violence and Psychology”, Dec 10, The Statesman, Editorial Page.
156. “What To Tell Musharraf: Peace Is Impossible Without Non-Aggressive Pakistani Intentions”, The Statesman Editorial Page Dec 15.
157. “Land, Liberty and Value: Government must act in good faith treating all citizens equally – not favouring organised business lobbies and organised labour over an unorganised peasantry”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Dec 31.
2007
158. “Hypocrisy of the CPI-M: Political Collapse In Bengal: A Mid-Term Election/Referendum Is Necessary”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Jan 9.
159. “On Land-Grabbing: Dr Singh’s India, Buddhadeb’s Bengal, Modi’s Gujarat have notorious US, Soviet and Chinese examples to follow ~ distracting from the country’s real economic problems,” The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page Jan 14.
160. “India’s Macroeconomics: Real growth has steadily occurred because India has shared the world’s technological progress. But bad fiscal, monetary policies over decades have led to monetary weakness and capital flight” The Statesman Editorial Page Jan 20.
161. “Fiscal Instability: Interest payments quickly suck dry every year’s Budget. And rolling over old public debt means that Government Borrowing in fact much exceeds the Fiscal Deficit”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 4.
162. “Our trade and payments Parts 1-2” (“India in World Trade and Payments”),The Sunday Statesman, Feb 11 2007, The Statesman, Feb 12 2007.
163. “Our Policy Process: Self-Styled “Planners” Have Controlled India’s Paper Money For Decades,” The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 20.
164. “Bengal’s Finances”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page, Feb 25.
165. “Fallacious Finance: Congress, BJP, CPI-M may be leading India to Hyperinflation” The Statesman Editorial Page Mar 5.
166. “Uttar Pradesh Polity and Finance: A Responsible New Govt May Want To Declare A Financial Emergency” The Statesman Editorial Page, Mar 24
167. “A scam in the making” in The Sunday Statesman Front Page Apr 1 2007, published here in full as “Swindling India”.
168. “Maharashtra’s Money: Those Who Are Part Of The Problem Are Unlikely To Be A Part Of Its Solution”, The Statesman Editorial Page Apr 24.
147a. “Political Economy of Energy Policy” in India and Energy Security edited by Anant Sudarshan and Ligia Noronha, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, New Delhi 2007.
169. “Presidential Qualities: Simplicity, Genuine Achievement Are Desirable; Political Ambition Is Not”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, May 8.
170. “We & Our Neighbours: Pakistanis And Bangladeshis Would Do Well To Learn From Sheikh Abdullah”, The Statesman, Editorial Page May 15.
171. “On Indian Nationhood: From Tamils To Kashmiris And Assamese And Mizos To Sikhs And Goans”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, May 25.
172. A Current Example of the Working of the Unconscious Mind, May 26.
173. Where I would have gone if I was Osama Bin Laden, May 31.
174. “US election ’08:America’s Presidential Campaign Seems Destined To Be Focussed On Iraq”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, June 1.
175. “Home Team Advantage: On US-Iran talks and Sunni-Shia subtleties: Tehran must transcend its revolution and endorse the principle that the House of Islam has many mansions”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page, June 3
176. “Unhealthy Delhi: When will normal political philosophy replace personality cults?”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, June 11.
177. “American Turmoil: A Vice-Presidential Coup – And Now a Grassroots Counterrevolution?”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, June 18
178. “Political Paralysis: India has yet to develop normal conservative, liberal and socialist parties. The Nice-Housing-Effect and a little game-theory may explain the current stagnation”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, June 24.
179. “Has America Lost? War Doctrines Of Kutusov vs Clausewitz May Help Explain Iraq War”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, July 3.
180. “Lal Masjid ≠ Golden Temple: Wide differences are revealed between contemporary Pakistan and India by these two superficially similar military assaults on armed religious civilians”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page July 15
181. “Political Stonewalling: Only Transparency Can Improve Institutions”, The Statesman, Editorial Page July 20.
182. “Gold standard etc: Fixed versus flexible exchange rates”, July 21.
183. “US Pakistan-India Policy: Delhi & Islamabad Still Look West In Defining Their Relationship”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, July 27.
184. “Works of DH Lawrence” July 30
185. “An Open Letter to Professor Amartya Sen about Singur etc”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, July 31.
186. “Martin Buber on Palestine and Israel (with Postscript)”, Aug 4.
187. “Auguste Rodin on Nature, Art, Beauty, Women and Love”, Aug 7.
188. “Saving Pakistan: A Physicist/Political Philosopher May Represent Iqbal’s “Spirit of Modern Times”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 13.
189. Letter to Forbes.com 16 Aug.
190. “Need for Clarity: A poorly drafted treaty driven by business motives is a recipe for international misunderstanding”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 19.
191. “No Marxist MBAs? An amicus curiae brief for the Hon’ble High Court”, The Statesman, FrontPage, Aug 29.
192. On Lawrence, Sep 4.
193. Dalai Lama’s Return: In the tradition of Gandhi, King, Mandela, Sep 11.
194. Of JC Bose, Patrick Geddes & the Leaf-World, Sep 12.
195. “Against Quackery: Manmohan and Sonia have violated Rajiv Gandhi’s intended reforms; the Communists have been appeased or bought; the BJP is incompetent Parts 1-2”, in The Sunday Statesman and The Statesman, Editorial Pages of Sep 23-24.
196. Karl Georg Zinn’s 1994 Review of Philosophy of Economics, Sep 26.
197. DH Lawrence’s Phoenix, Oct 3.
93b. “Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform”, Statesman Festival Volume.
198. “Iran, America, Iraq: Bush’s post-Saddam Saddamism — one flip-flop too many?”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 16.
199. “Understanding China: The World Needs to Ask China to Find Her True Higher Self”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 22.
200. “India-USA interests: Elements of a serious Indian foreign policy”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 30.
201. “China’s India Aggression : German Historians Discover Logic Behind Communist Military Strategy”, The Statesman, Editorial Page Special Article, Nov 5.
202. Sonia’s Lying Courtier (with Postscript), Nov 25. See also 2014
203. “Surrender or Fight? War is not a cricket match or Bollywood movie. Can India fight China if it must?” The Statesman, Dec 4, Editorial Page.
204. Hutton and Desai: United in Error Dec 14
205. “China’s Commonwealth: Freedom is the Road to Resolving Taiwan, Tibet, Sinkiang”, The Statesman, Dec 17.
2008
206. “Nixon & Mao vs India: How American foreign policy did a U-turn about Communist China’s India aggression. The Government of India should publish its official history of the 1962 war.” The Sunday Statesman, Jan 6, The Statesman Jan 7 Editorial Page.
207. “Lessons from the 1962 War: Beginnings of a solution to the long-standing border problem: there are distinct Tibetan, Chinese and Indian points of view that need to be mutually comprehended”, The Sunday Statesman, January 13 2008.
208. “Our Dismal Politics: Will Independent India Survive Until 2047?”, The Statesman Editorial Page, Feb 1.
209. Median Voter Model of India’s Electorate Feb 7.
210. “Anarchy in Bengal: Intra-Left bandh marks the final unravelling of “Brand Buddha””, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 10.
211. Fifty years since my third birthday: on life and death.
212. “Pakistan’s Kashmir obsession: Sheikh Abdullah Relied In Politics On The French Constitution, Not Islam”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 16.
213. A Note on the Indian Policy Process Feb 21.
214. “Growth & Government Delusion: Progress Comes From Learning, Enterprise, Exchange, Not The Parasitic State”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 22.
215. “How to Budget: Thrift, Not Theft, Needs to Guide Our Public Finances”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 26.
216. “India’s Budget Process (in Theory)”, The Statesman, Front Page Feb 29.
217. “Irresponsible Governance: Congress, BJP, Communists, BSP, Sena Etc Reveal Equally Bad Traits”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, March 4.
218. “American Politics: Contest Between Obama And Clinton Affects The World”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, March 11.
219. “China’s India Example: Tibet, Xinjiang May Not Be Assimilated Like Inner Mongolia And Manchuria”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, March 25.
220. “Taxation of India’s Professional Cricket: A Proposal”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, April 1.
221. “Two cheers for Pakistan!”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, April 7.
222. “Indian Inflation: Upside Down Economics From The New Delhi Establishment Parts 1-2”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, April 15-16.
223. “Assessing Manmohan: The Doctor of Deficit Finance should realise the currency is at stake”, The Statesman, Editorial Page Apr 25.
224. John Wisdom, Renford Bambrough: Main Philosophical Works, May 8.
225. “All India wept”: On the death of Rajiv Gandhi, May 21.
226. “China’s force and diplomacy: The need for realism in India” The Statesman, Editorial Page May 31.
227. Serendipity and the China-Tibet-India border problem June 6
228. “Leadership vacuum: Time & Tide Wait For No One In Politics: India Trails Pakistan & Nepal!”, The Statesman Editorial Page June 7.
229. My meeting Jawaharlal Nehru Oct13 1962
230. Manindranath Roy 1891-1958
231. Surendranath Roy 1860-1929
232. The Roys of Behala 1928.
233. Sarat Chandra visits Surendranath Roy 1927
234. Nuksaan-Faida Analysis = Cost-Benefit Analysis in Hindi/Urdu Jun 30
235. One of many reasons John R Hicks was a great economist July 3
236. My father, Indian diplomat, in the Shah’s Tehran 1954-57 July 8
237 Distribution of Govt of India Expenditure (Net of Operational Income) 1995 July 27
238. Growth of Real Income, Money & Prices in India 1869-2008, July 28.
239. Communism from Social Democracy? But not in India or China! July 29
240. Death of Solzhenitsyn, Aug. 3
240a. Tolstoy on Science and Art, Aug 4.
241. “Reddy’s reckoning: Where should India’s real interest rate be relative to the world?” Business Standard Aug 10
242. “Rangarajan Effect”, Business Standard Aug 24
243. My grandfather’s death in Ottawa 50 years ago today Sep 3
244. My books in the Library of Congress and British Library Sep 12
245. On Jimmy Carter & the “India-US Nuclear Deal”, Sep 12
246. My father after presenting his credentials to President Kekkonen of Finland Sep 14 1973.
247. “October 1929? Not!”, Business Standard, Sep 18.
248. “MK Gandhi, SN Roy, MA Jinnah in March 1919: Primary education legislation in a time of protest”
249. 122 sensible American economists Sept 26
250. Govt of India: Please call in the BBC and ask them a question Sep 27
251. “Monetary Integrity and the Rupee: Three British Raj relics have dominated our macroeconomic policy-making” Business Standard Sep 28.
252a. Rabindranath’s daughter writes to her friend my grandmother Oct 5
252b. A Literary Find: Modern Poetry in Bengal, Oct 6.
253. Sarat writes to Manindranath 1931, Oct 12
254. Origins of India’s Constitutional Politics 1913
255. Indira Gandhi in Paris, 1971
256. How the Liabilities/Assets Ratio of Indian Banks Changed from 84% in 1970 to 108% in 1998, October 20
257a. My Subjective Probabilities on India’s Moon Mission Oct 21
258. Complete History of Mankind’s Moon Missions: An Indian Citizen’s Letter to ISRO’s Chairman, Oct 22.
259. Would not a few million new immigrants solve America’s mortgage crisis? Oct 26
260. “America’s divided economists”, Business Standard Oct 26
261. One tiny prediction about the Obama Administration, Nov 5
262. Rai Bahadur Umbika Churn Rai, 1827-1902, Nov 7 2008
263. Jawaharlal Nehru invites my father to the Mountbatten Farewell Nov 7 2008
70a. “Become a US Supreme Court Justice! (Explorations in the Rule of Law in America) Preface” Nov 9
70b. “Become a US Supreme Court Justice! (Explorations in the Rule of Law in America)” Nov 9.
257b. Neglecting technological progress was the basis of my pessimism about Chandrayaan, Nov 9.
264. Of a new New Delhi myth and the success of the University of Hawaii 1986-1992 Pakistan project Nov 15
265. Pre-Partition Indian Secularism Case-Study: Fuzlul Huq and Manindranath Roy Nov 16
266. Do President-elect Obama’s Pakistan specialists suppose Maulana Azad, Dr Zakir Hussain, Sheikh Abdullah were Pakistanis (or that Sheikh Mujib wanted to remain one)? Nov 18
267. Jews have never been killed in India for being Jews until this sad day, Nov 28.
268. In international law, Pakistan has been the perpetrator, India the victim of aggression in Mumbai, Nov 30.
269. The Indian Revolution, Dec 1.
270. Habeas Corpus: a captured terrorist mass-murderer tells a magistrate he has not been mistreated by Mumbai’s police Dec 3
271. India’s Muslim Voices (Or, Let us be clear the Pakistan-India or Kashmir conflicts have not been Muslim-Hindu conflicts so much as intra-Muslim conflicts about Muslim identity and self-knowledge on the Indian subcontinent), Dec 4
272. “Anger Management” needed? An Oxford DPhil recommends Pakistan launch a nuclear first strike against India within minutes of war, Dec 5.
273. A Quick Comparison Between the September 11 2001 NYC-Washington attacks and the November 26-28 2008 Mumbai Massacres (An Application of the Case-by-Case Philosophical Technique of Wittgenstein, Wisdom and Bambrough), Dec 6
274. Dr Rice finally gets it right (and maybe Mrs Clinton will too) Dec 7
275. Will the Government of India’s new macroeconomic policy dampen or worsen the business-cycle (if such a cycle exists at all)? No one knows! “Where ignorance is bliss, ‘Tis folly to be wise.” Dec 7
276. Pump-priming for car-dealers: Keynes groans in his grave (If evidence was needed of the intellectual dishonesty of New Delhi’s new macroeconomic policy, here it is) Dec 9.
277. Congratulations to Mumbai’s Police: capturing a terrorist, affording him his Habeas Corpus rights, getting him to confess within the Rule of Law, sets a new world standard Dec 10
278. Two cheers — wait, let’s make that one cheer — for America’s Justice Department, Dec 10
279. Will Pakistan accept the bodies of nine dead terrorists who came from Pakistan to Mumbai? If so, let there be a hand-over at the Wagah border, Dec 11.
280. Kasab was a stupid, ignorant, misguided youth, manufactured by Pakistan’s terrorist masterminds into becoming a mass-murdering robot: Mahatma Gandhi’s India should punish him, get him to repent if he wishes, then perhaps rehabilitate him as a potent weapon against Pakistani terrorism Dec 12.
281. Pakistan’s New Delhi Embassy should ask for “Consular Access” to nine dead terrorists in a Mumbai morgue before asking to meet Kasab, Dec 13
282. An Indian Reply to President Zardari: Rewarding Pakistan for bad behaviour leads to schizophrenic relationships Dec 19
283. Is my prediction about Caroline Kennedy becoming US Ambassador to Britain going to be correct? Dec 27
284. Chandrayaan adds a little good cheer! Well done, ISRO!, Dec 28
285. How sad that “Slumdog millionaire” is SO disappointing! Dec 31
289. (with Claude Arpi) “Transparency & history: India’s archives must be opened to world standards” Business Standard New Delhi Dec 31, 2008, published here Jan 1 .
2009
290. A basis of India-Pakistan cooperation on the Mumbai massacres: the ten Pakistani terrorists started off as pirates and the Al-Huseini is a pirate ship Jan 1.
291. India’s “pork-barrel politics” needs a nice (vegetarian) Hindi name! “Teli/oily politics” perhaps? (And are we next going to see a Bill of Rights for Lobbyists?) Jan 3
292. My (armchair) experience of the 1999 Kargil war (Or, “Actionable Intelligence” in the Internet age: How the Kargil effort got a little help from a desktop) Jan 5
293. How Jammu & Kashmir’s Chief Minister Omar Abdullah can become a worthy winner of the Nobel Peace Prize: An Open Letter, Jan 7
294. Could the Satyam/PwC fraud be the visible part of an iceberg? Where are India’s “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”? Isn’t governance rather poor all over corporate India? Bad public finance may be a root cause Jan 8
295. Satyam does not exist: it is bankrupt, broke, kaput. Which part of this does the new “management team” not get? The assets belong to Satyam’s creditors. Jan 8
296. Jews are massacred in Mumbai and now Jews commit a massacre in Gaza! Jan 9
297. And now for the Great Satyam Whitewash/Cover-Up/Public Subsidy! The wrong Minister appoints the wrong new Board who, probably, will choose the wrong policy Jan 12
298. Letter to Wei Jingsheng Jan 14
299. Memo to the Hon’ble Attorneys General of Pakistan & India: How to jointly prosecute the Mumbai massacre perpetrators most expeditiously Jan 16
300. Satyam and IT-firms in general may be good candidates to become “Labour-Managed” firms Jan 18
301. “Yes we might be able to do that. Perhaps we ought to. But again, perhaps we ought not to, let me think about it…. Most important is Cromwell’s advice: Think it possible we may be mistaken!” Jan 20.
302. RAND’s study of the Mumbai attacks Jan 25
303. Didn’t Dr Obama (the new American President’s late father) once publish an article in Harvard’s Quarterly Journal of Economics? (Or did he?) Jan 25.
304. “A Dialogue in Macroeconomics” 1989 etc: sundry thoughts on US economic policy discourse Jan 30
305. American Voices: A Brief Popular History of the United States in 20 You-Tube Music Videos Feb 5
306. Jaladhar Sen writes to Manindranath at Surendranath’s death, Feb 23
307. Pakistani expansionism: India and the world need to beware of “Non-Resident Pakistanis” ruled by Rahmat Ali’s ghost, Feb 9
308. My American years Part One 1980-90: battles for academic integrity & freedom Feb 11.
309. Thanks and well done Minister Rehman Malik and the Govt of Pakistan Feb 12
310. Can President Obama resist the financial zombies (let alone slay them)? His economists need to consult Dr Anna J Schwartz Feb 14
311. A Brief History of Gilgit, Feb 18
312. Memo to UCLA Geographers: Commonsense suggests Mr Bin Laden is far away from the subcontinent Feb 20
313. The BBC gets its history and geography deliberately wrong again Feb 21
314. Bengal Legislative Council 1921, Feb 28
315. Carmichael visits Surendranath, 1916, Mar 1
316. Memo to GoI CLB: India discovered the Zero, and 51% of Zero is still Zero Mar 10
317. An Academic Database of Doctoral & Other Postgraduate Research Done at UK Universities on India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Other Asian Countries Over 100 Years, Mar 13
318. Pakistan’s progress, Mar 18
319. Risk-aversion explains resistance to free trade, Mar 19
320. India’s incredibly volatile inflation rate! Mar 20
321. Is “Vicky, Cristina, Barcelona” referring to an emasculation of (elite) American society?, Mar 21
322. Just how much intellectual fraud can Delhi produce? Mar 26
323. India is not a monarchy! We urgently need to universalize the French concept of “citoyen”! Mar 28
324. Could this be the real state of some of our higher education institutions? Mar 29
325. Progress! The BBC retracts its prevarication! Mar 30
326. Aldous Huxley’s Essay “DH Lawrence” Mar 31
327. Waffle not institutional reform is what (I predict) the “G-20 summit” will produce, April 1
328. Did a full cricket team of Indian bureaucrats follow our PM into 10 Downing Street? Count for yourself! April 3
329. Will someone please teach the BJP’s gerontocracy some Economics 101 on an emergency basis? April 5
330. The BBC needs to determine exactly where it thinks Pakistan is!, April 5
331. Alfred Lyall on Christians, Muslims, India, China, Etc, 1908, April 6
332. An eminent economist of India passes away April 9
333. Democracy Database for the Largest Electorate Ever Seen in World History, April 12
334. Memo to the Election Commission of India April 14 2009, 9 AM, April 14
335. Caveat emptor! Satyam is taken over, April 14
336. India’s 2009 General Elections: Candidates, Parties, Symbols for Polls on 16-30 April Phases 1,2,3, April 15
337. On the general theory of expertise in democracy: reflections on what emerges from the American “torture memos” today, April 18
338. India’s 2009 General Elections: 467 constituencies (out of 543) for which candidates have been announced as of 1700hrs April 21, April 21
339. Apropos Philosophy of Economics, Comments of Sidney Hook, KJ Arrow, Milton Friedman, TW Schultz, SS Alexander, Max Black, Renford Bambrough, John Gray et al., April 22.
340. India’s 2009 General Elections: Names of all 543 Constituencies of the 15th Lok Sabha, April 22.
341. India’s 2009 General Elections: How 4125 State Assembly Constituencies comprise the 543 new Lok Sabha Constituencies, April 23.
342. Why has America’s “torture debate” yet to mention the obvious? Viz., sadism and racism, April 24
343. India’s 2009 General Elections: the advice of the late “George Eliot” (Mary Ann Evans, 1819-1880) to India’s voting public, April 24.
344. India’s 2009 General Elections: Delimitation and the Different Lists of 543 Lok Sabha Constituencies in 2009 and 2004, April 25
345. Is “Slumdog Millionaire” the single worst Best Picture ever?
346. India’s 2009 General Elections: Result of Delimitation — Old (2004) and New (2009) Lok Sabha and Assembly Constituencies, April 26
347. India’s 2009 General Elections: 7019 Candidates in 485 (out of 543) Constituencies announced as of April 26 noon April 26
348. What is Christine Fair referring to? Would the MEA kindly seek to address what she has claimed asap? April 27
349. Politics can be so entertaining 🙂 Manmohan versus Sonia on the poor old CPI(M)!, April 28
350. A Dozen Grown-Up Questions for Sonia Gandhi, Manmohan Singh, LK Advani, Sharad Pawar, Km Mayawati and Anyone Else Dreaming of Becoming/Deciding India’s PM After the 2009 General Elections, April 28
351. India’s 2009 General Elections: How drastically will the vote-share of political parties change from 2004? May 2
352. India’s 2009 General Elections: And now finally, all 8,070 Candidates across all 543 Lok Sabha Constituencies, May 5
353. India’s 2009 General Elections: The Mapping of Votes into Assembly Segments Won into Parliamentary Seats Won in the 2004 Election, May 7
354. Will Messrs Advani, Rajnath Singh & Modi ride into the sunset if the BJP comes to be trounced? (Corrected), May 10
355. India’s 2009 General Elections: 543 Matrices to Help Ordinary Citizens Audit the Election Commission’s Vote-Tallies May 12
356. Well done Sonia-Rahul! Two hours before polls close today, I am willing to predict a big victory for you (but, please, try to get your economics right, and also, you must get Dr Singh a Lok Sabha seat if he is to be PM) May 13
357. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee must dissolve the West Bengal Assembly if he is an honest democrat: Please try to follow Gerard Schröder’s example even slightly! May 16
358. India’s 2009 General Elections: Provisional Results from the EC as of 1400 hours Indian Standard Time May 16
359. Memo to the Hon’ble President of India: It is Sonia Gandhi, not Manmohan Singh, who should be invited to our equivalent of the “Kissing Hands” Ceremony May 16
360. Time for heads to roll in the BJP/RSS and CPI(M)!, May 17.
361. Inviting a new Prime Minister of India to form a Government: Procedure Right and Wrong May 18
362. Starting with Procedural Error: Why has the “Cabinet” of the 14th Lok Sabha been meeting today AFTER the results of the Elections to the 15th Lok Sabha have been declared?! May 18
363. Why has the Sonia Congress done something that the Congress under Nehru-Indira-Rajiv would not have done, namely, exaggerate the power of the Rajya Sabha and diminish the power of the Lok Sabha? May 21
364. Shouldn’t Dr Singh’s Cabinet begin with a small apology to the President of India for discourtesy? May we have reviews and reforms of protocols and practices to be followed at Rashtrapati Bhavan and elsewhere? May 23
365. Parliament’s sovereignty has been diminished by the Executive: A record for future generations to know May 25
366. How tightly will organised Big Business be able to control economic policies this time? May 26
367. Why does India not have a Parliament ten days after the 15th Lok Sabha was elected? Nehru and Rajiv would both have been appalled May 27
368. Eleven days and counting after the 15th Lok Sabha was elected and still no Parliament of India! (But we do have 79 Ministers — might that be a world record?) May 28
369. Note to Posterity: 79 Ministers in office but no 15th Lok Sabha until June 1 2009! May 29
370. Silver Jubilee of Pricing, Planning & Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India May 29
371. How to Design a Better Cabinet for the Government of India May 29
372. Parliament is supposed to control the Government, not be bullied or intimidated by it: Will Rahul Gandhi be able to lead the Backbenches in the 15th Lok Sabha? June 1
373. Mistaken Macroeconomics: An Open Letter to Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, June 12
374. Why did Manmohan Singh and LK Advani apologise to one another? Is Indian politics essentially collusive, not competitive, aiming only to preserve and promote the post-1947 Dilli Raj at the expense of the whole of India? We seem to have no Churchillian repartee (except perhaps from Bihar occasionally) June 18
375. Are Iran’s Revolutionaries now Reactionaries? George Orwell would have understood. A fresh poll may be the only answer Are Iran’s Revolutionaries now Reactionaries? George Orwell would have understood. A fresh poll may be the only answer June 22
376. My March 25 1991 memo to Rajiv (which never reached him) is something the present Government seems to have followed: all for the best of course! July 12
377. Disquietude about France’s behaviour towards India on July 14 2009 July 14
378. Does the Govt. of India assume “foreign investors and analysts” are a key constituency for Indian economic policy-making? If so, why so? Have Govt. economists “learnt nothing, forgotten everything”? Some Bastille Day thoughts July 14
379. Letter to the GoI’s seniormost technical economist, May 21.July 19
380. Excuse me but young Kasab in fact confessed many months ago, immediately after he was captured – he deserves 20 or 30 years in an Indian prison, and a chance to become a model prisoner who will stand against the very terrorists who sent him on his vile mission July 20
381. Finally, three months late, the GoI responds to American and Pakistani allegations about Balochistan July 24
382. Thoughts, words, deeds: My work 1973-2010
2012
383. Life of my father 1915-2012
384. India’s Money” in the Cayman Financial Review, July 2012
385. Towards Making the Indian Rupee a Hard Currency of the World Economy: An analysis from British times until the present day, lecture at India International Centre, Delhi, 3 Dec 2012
386. 5 December 2012 interview by Mr Paranjoy Guha Thakurta, on Lok Sabha TV, the channel of India’s Lower House of Parliament, broadcast for the first time on 9 December 2012 on Lok Sabha TV, is here and here in two parts.
387. Interview by GDI Impuls banking quarterly of Zürich published on 6 Dec 2012 is here.
388. My interview by Ragini Bhuyan of Delhi’s Sunday Guardian published on 16 Dec 2012 is here.
2013
389. “I have a student called Suby Roy…”: Reflections on Frank Hahn (1925-2013), my master in economic theory
390. Cambridge Economics & the Disputation in India’s Economic Policy, Revised 15 July 2013
391. Critical assessment dated 19 August 2013 of Raghuram Rajan is here (Live Mint 19 Aug) and here
392. 23 August 2013 of Professors Jagdish Bhagwati & Amartya Sen and Dr Manmohan Singh is here…
2014
393. “Mrs Irani’s New Job”/”Task Cut Out For Smriti Irani” June 16, 2014http://www.newindianexpress.com/opinion/Task-Cut-Out-for-Smriti-Irani/2014/06/16/article2282316.ece
394. Much as I might love Russia, England, France, America, I despise their spies & local agents affecting poor India’s policies: Memo to PM Modi, Mr Jaitley, Mr Doval & the new Govt. of India: Beware of Delhi’s sleeper agents, lobbyists & other dalals
395. “Haksar, Manmohan and Sonia” August 7, 2014 New Indian Express http://t.co/bRnQI1hrwy
396. Free India’s Foreign Policy & Economy in One Chart: Weapons Imports 1950-2013 by Country of Origin
See also:
My Recent Works, Interviews etc on India’s Money, Public Finance, Banking, Trade, BoP, etc (an incomplete list)
My Seventy-One Articles, Notes Etc on Kashmir, Pakistan, & of course, India (plus my undelivered Lahore lectures)
My Ten Articles on China, Tibet, Xinjiang, Taiwan in relation to India
M1. Map of Asia c. 1900
M2. Map of Chinese Empire c. 1900
M3. Map of Sinkiang, Tibet and Neighbours 1944
M4. China’s Secretly Built 1957 Road Through India’s Aksai Chin
M5. Map of Kashmir to Sinkiang 1944
M6. Map of India-Tibet-China-Mongolia 1959
M7. Map of India, Afghanistan, Russia, China, 1897
M8. Map of Xinjiang/Sinkiang/E Turkestan
M9. Map of Bombay/Mumbai 1909
M10-M13. Himalayan Expedition, West Sikkim 1970 – 1,2,3,4

2010 version:

This an incomplete bibliography of my writings, public lectures etc 1973-2010 including citations, reviews, comments.  I have been mostly an academic economist who by choice or circumstance over 36 years has had to venture also into science, philosophy, public policy, law, jurisprudence, practical politics, history, international relations, military strategy, financial theory, accounting, management, journalism, literary criticism, psychology, psychoanalysis, theology, aesthetics, biography, children’s fables, etc.   If anything unites the seemingly diverse work recorded below it is that I have tried to acquire a grasp of the nature of human reason and then apply this comprehension in practical contexts as simply and clearly as possible. Hence I have ended up following the path of Aristotle, as described in modern times (via Wittgenstein and John Wisdom) by Renford Bambrough.  The 2004 public lecture in England, “Science, Religion, Art & the Necessity of Freedom”, may explain and illustrate all this best.  A friend has been kind enough to call me an Academician, which I probably am, though one who really needs his own Academy because the incompetence, greed and mendacity encountered too often in the modern professoriat is dispiriting.

1-289 refer mostly to writings and publications printed on paper; 290-382 refer to  writings or items not printed on paper — as new media break space, cost and other  constraints of traditional publishing, a little repetition and overlap has occurred too. Also in a few cases, e.g., Aldous Huxley’s essay on DH Lawrence, nothing has been done except discover and republish.  Several databases have been created and released in the public interest, as have been some rare maps.  There is also some biographical and autobiographical material.  Several inconsequential errors remain in the text, which shall take time to be rectified as documents come to be rediscovered and collated.

1973

1. “Behavioural study of mus musculus”, Haileybury College, Supervised by J de C Ford-Robertson MA (Oxon). (Due to be published here 2010).

2. “Chemistry at Advanced & Special Level: Student Notes 1972-73” (Due to be published here 2010).

3. “Biology at Advanced & Special Level: Student Notes 1972-73”, (Due to be published here 2010).

4.  “Physics at Advanced Level: Student Notes 1972-73”, (Due to be published here 2010).

5. “Revolution: theoria and praxis”, London, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

6. “Gandhi vs Marx”, London, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

1974

7. “Relevance of downward money-wage rigidity to the problem of maintaining full-employment in the classical and Keynesian models of income determination”, London School of Economics, mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

8. “Testing aircraft fuels at Shell Finland”.

1975

9. “Oxford Street experiences: down and out in London town”.

10. “SE Region Bulk Distribution Survey”, Unilever, Basingstoke.

11. “Four London poems”, in JCM Paton (ed)  New Writing (London, Great Portland Street: International Students House).  (Due to be republished here 2010)

12. “On economic growth models and modellers”, London School of Economics, mimeo. (Due to be published here 2010).

1976

13. “World money: system or anarchy?”, lecture to Professor ACL Day’s seminar, London School of Economics, Economics Department, April. (Due to be published here 2010).

14. “A beginner’s guide to some recent developments in monetary theory”, lecture to Professor FH Hahn’s seminar, Cambridge University Economics Department, November 17 (Due to be published here 2010). See also “Announcement of My “Hahn Seminar”,  published here June 14 2008.

1977

15. “Inflation and unemployment: a survey”, mimeo, Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. (Due to be published here 2010).

16. “On short run theories of dual economies”, Cambridge University Economics Department “substantial piece of work” required of first year Research Students.  Examiner: DMG Newbery, FBA. (Due to be published here 2010).

1978

17. “Pure theory of developing economies 1 and 2”, Delhi School of Economics mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

18. “Introduction to some market outcomes under uncertainty”, Delhi School of Economics mimeo (Due to be published here 2010).

19. “On money and development”, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, mimeo, September.  (Due to be published here 2010)

20. “Notes on the Newbery-Stiglitz model of sharecropping”, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, mimeo November.  (Due to be published here 2010).

1979

21. “A theory of rights and economic justice”, Corpus Christi College Cambridge mimeo. (Due to be published here 2010).

22. “Monetary theory and economic development”, Corpus Christi College Cambridge, mimeo  (Due to be published here 2010).

23. “Foundations of the case against ‘development planning’”, Corpus Christi College Cambridge, mimeo, November.   (Due to be published here 2010).

1979-1989

24. Correspondence with Renford Bambrough (1926-1999), philosopher of St John’s College, Cambridge (Due to be published here 2010).

1980

25. “Models before the monetarist storm”, New Statesman letters

26. “Disciplining rulers and experts”, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, mimeo.  (Due to be published here 2010).

1981

27. “On liberty & economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”, Cambridge University doctoral thesis, supervisor FH Hahn, FBA; examiners CJ Bliss, FBA; TW Hutchison, FBA  (Due to be published here 2010). 27a Response of FA Hayek on a partial draft February 18 1981.  27b Response of Peter Bauer, 1982.  27c Response of Theodore W Schultz, 1983.  27d. Response of Frank Hahn 1985.

1982

28. “Knowledge and freedom in economic theory Parts 1 and 2”, Centre for Study of Public Choice, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Working Papers.

29. “Economic Theory and Development Economics”. Lecture to American Economic Association, New York, Dec 1982.  Panel: RM Solow, HB Chenery, T Weisskopf, P Streeten, G Rosen, S Roy. Published in 29a.

1983

29a “Economic Theory and Development Economics: A Comment”. World Development, 1983. [Citation: Stavros Thefanides “Metamorphosis of Development Economics”, World Development 1988.]

30. “The Political Economy of Trade Policy (Comment on J. Michael Finger)”, Washington DC: Cato Journal, Winter 1983/84. See also 000 “Risk-aversion explains resistance to freer trade”, 2008.

1984

31. “Considerations on Utility, Benevolence and Taxation”, History of Political Economy, 1984.   31a Response of Professor Sir John Hicks May 1 1984.

[Citations: P. Hennipman, “A Tale of Two Schools”, De Economist 1987, “A New Look at the Ordinalist Revolution”, J. Econ. Lit. Mar 1988; P. Rappoport, “Reply to Professor Hennipman”, J. Econ. Lit. Mar 1988; Eugene Smolensky et al “An Application of A Dynamic Cost-of-Living Index to the Evaluation of Changes in Social Welfare”, J. Post-Keynesian Econ.IX.3. 1987.]

32. Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India, London: Institute of Economic Affairs, London 1984.

[Citations: Lead editorial of The Times of London May 29 1984, “India’s economy”, Times letters June 16 1984. John Toye “Political Economy & Analysis of Indian Development”, Modern Asian Studies, 22, 1, 1988; John Toye, Dilemmas of Development; D. Wilson, “Privatization of Asia”, The Banker Sep. 1984 etc].  See also 370 “Silver Jubilee of ‘Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India’” 2009.

33. Review of Utilitarianism and Beyond, Amartya Sen & Bernard Williams (eds) Public Choice.

34. Review of Limits of Utilitarianism, HB Miller & WH Williams (eds.), Public Choice.

35. Deendayal lecture (one of four invited lecturers), Washington DC, May.

1987

36. (with one other) “Does the Theory of Logical Types Inform the Theory of Communication?”, Journal of Genetic Psychology., 148 (4), Dec. 1987 [Citation:

37. “Irrelevance of Foreign Aid”, India International Centre Quarterly, Winter 1987.

38. Review of Development Planning by Sukhamoy Chakravarty for Economic Affairs, London 1987.

1988

39. (with two others) “Introduction” to Lessons in Development: A Comparative Study of Asia and Latin America. San Francisco: Inst. of Economic Growth.

40. “A note on the welfare economics of regional cooperation”, lecture to Asia-Latin America conference, East West Center Honolulu, published 2009.

1989

41. Philosophy of Economics: On the Scope of Reason in Economic Inquiry, London & New York: Routledge (International Library of Philosophy) 1989, paperback 1991. Internet edition 2007.   [Reviews & Citations: Research in Economics, 1992; De Economist 1991 & 1992; Manch.Sch. Econ.Studs. 59, 1991; Ethics 101.88 Jul. 1991; Kyklos 43.4 1990; Soc. Science Q. 71.880. Dec.1990; Can. Phil. Rev. 1990; J. Econ. Hist. Sep. 1990; Econ. & Phil. Fall 1990; Econ. Affairs June-July 1990; TLS May 1990; Choice March 1990; J. App.Phil. 1994, M. Blaug: Methodology of Economics, 2nd ed., Cambridge, 1992;  Hist. Methods. 27.3, 1994; J. of Inst. & Theoretical Econ.,1994;  Jahrbucker fur Nationaleconomie 1994, 573:574. Mark A Lutz in Economics for the Common Good, London: Routledge, 1999, et al].  See also 339 “Apropos Philosophy of Economics”, Comments of Sidney Hook, KJ Arrow, Milton Friedman, TW Schultz, SS Alexander, Max Black, Renford Bambrough, John Gray et al.

42. Foreword to Essays on the Political Economy by James M. Buchanan, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press 1989.

43. “Modern Political Economy of India”, edited by Subroto Roy & William E James,  Hawaii mimeo May 21 1989.  This published for the first time a November 1955 memorandum to the Government of India by Milton Friedman.  See also 43a, 53.

43a. Preface to “Milton Friedman’s extempore comments at the 1989 Hawaii conference: on India, Israel, Palestine, the USA, Debt and its uses, Erhardt abolishing exchange controls, Etc”,  May 22 1989, published here for the first time October 31 2008.

44. Milton Friedman’s defence of my work  in 1989.

45. Theodore W. Schultz’s defence of Philosophy of Economics

1990

46. “Letter to Judge Evelyn Lance: On A Case Study in Private International Law” (Due to be published here in 2010).

47-49. Selections from advisory work on economic policy etc for Rajiv Gandhi, Leader of the Opposition in the Parliament of India,  published in 47a-49a.

1991

41b Philosophy of Economics: On the Scope of Reason in Economic Inquiry, Paperback edition.

50. “Conversations and correspondence with Rajiv Gandhi during the Gulf war, January 1991”   (Due to be published here 2010).

47a. A Memo to Rajiv I:  Stronger Secular Middle”, The Statesman, Jul 31 1991.

48a “A Memo to Rajiv II: Saving India’s Prestige”, The Statesman, Aug 1 1991.

49a “A Memo to Rajiv III: Salvation in Penny Capitalism”, The Statesman, Aug 2 1991  47b-49b “Three Memoranda to Rajiv Gandhi 1990-91”, 2007 republication here.

51. “Constitution for a Second Indian Republic”, The Saturday Statesman, April 20 1991.  Republished here 2009.

52. “On the Art of Government: Experts, Party, Cabinet and Bureaucracy”, New Delhi mimeo March 25 1991, published here July 00 2009.

1992

53. Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s Edited and with an Introduction by Subroto Roy & William E. James New Delhi, London, Newbury Park: Sage: 1992.   Citation: Milton and Rose Friedman Two Lucky People (Chicago 1998), pp. 268-269.

54. Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s Edited and with an Introduction by William E. James & Subroto Roy, Hawaii MS 1989, Sage: 1992, Karachi: Oxford 1993.

Reviews of 53 & 54 include: Bus. Today, Mar-Apr 1992; Political Studies March 1995; Econ Times 21 March 1993; Pakistan Development Review 1992. Hindustan Times 11 July 1992. Pacific Affairs 1993; Hindu 21 March 1993, 15 June 1993; Pakistan News International 12 June 1993. Book Reviews March 1993; Deccan Herald 2 May 1993; Pol.Econ.J. Ind. 1992. Fin Express 13 September 1992;  Statesman 16 Jan. 1993.  J. Royal Soc Asian Aff. 1994, J. Contemporary Asia, 1994 etc.

55. “Fundamental Problems of the Economies of India and Pakistan”, World Bank, Washington, mimeo  (Due to be published here 2010).

56.“The Road to Stagflation: The Coming Dirigisme in America, or, America, beware thy economists!, or Zen and Clintonomics,” Washington DC, Broad Branch Terrace, mimeo, November 17.

1993

57. “Exchange-rates and manufactured exports of South Asia”, IMF Washington DC mimeo.  Published in part in 2007-2008 as 58-62:

58. “Path of the Indian Rupee 1947-1993”, 2008.

59.  “Path of the Pakistan Rupee 1947-1993”, 2008.

60. “Path of the Sri Lankan Rupee 1948-1993”, 2008.

61. “Path of the Bangladesh Taka 1972-1993”, 2008.

62. “India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh Manufactured Exports, IMF Washington DC mimeo”, published 2007.

63. “Economic Assessment of US-India Merchandise Trade”, Arlington, Virginia, mimeo, published in slight part in Indo-US Trade & Economic Cooperation, ICRIER New Delhi, 1995, and in whole 2007.

64. “Towards an Economic Solution for Kashmir”, mimeo, Arlington, Virginia, circulated in Washington DC 1993-1995, cf 82, 111 infra. Comment of Selig Harrison.

1994

65. “Comment on Indonesia”, in The Political Economy of Policy Reform edited by John Williamson, Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.

66a “Gold reserves & the gold price in anticipation of Central Bank behaviour”, Greenwich, Connecticut, mimeo. 67b. “Portfolio optimization and foreign currency exposure hedging” Greenwich, Connecticut mimeo.

1995

68. “On the logic and commonsense of debt and payments crises: How to avoid another Mexico in India and Pakistan”, Scarsdale, NY, mimeo, May 1.

69. “Policies for Young India”, Scarsdale, NY, pp. 350, manuscript.

1996

70. US Supreme Court documents, published in part in 2008 as  “Become a US Supreme Court Justice!” 70a, 70b (Due to be published in full here in 2010 as Roy vs University of Hawaii, 1989- including the expert testimonies of Milton Friedman and Theodore W Schultz.).

71. “Key problems of macroeconomic management facing the new Indian Government”, May 17.  Scarsdale, New York, mimeo.  (Due to be published here 2010).

72. “Preventing a collapse of the rupee”, IIT Kharagpur lecture July 16 1996.

73. “The Economist’s Representation of Technological Knowledge”, Vishleshlaya lecture to the Institution of Engineers, September 15 1996, IIT Kharagpur.

1997

74. “Union and State Budgets in India”, lecture at the World Bank, Washington DC, May 00.

75. “State Budgets in India”, IIT Kharagpur mimeo, June 6.

1998

76. “Transparency and Economic Policy-Making:  An address to the Asia-Pacific Public Relations Conference” (panel on Transparency chaired by CR Irani) Jan 30 1998, published here 2008.

77. Theodore W. Schultz 1902-1998,  Feb 25.

78. “The Economic View of Human Resources”, address to a regional conference on human resources, IIT Kharagpur.

79.  “Management accounting”, lecture at Lal Bahadur Shastri Academy, Mussourie,

80a “The Original Reformer”, Outlook letters, Jan 23 1998

81. “Recent Developments in Modern Finance”, IIM Bangalore Review, 10, 1 & 2, Jan.-Jun 1998. Reprinted as “From the Management Guru’s Classroom”: 81a “An introduction to derivatives”, Business Standard/Financial Times, Bombay 18 Apr 1999; 81b “Options in the future, Apr 25 1999; 81c “What is hedging?”, May 2 1999; 81d “Teaching computers to think”, May 9 1999.

82. “Towards an Economic Solution for Kashmir”, Jun 22 1998, lecture at Heritage Foundation, Washington DC.  Cf 111 Dec 2005.

83. “Sixteen Currencies for India: A Reverse Euro Model for Monetary & Fiscal Efficacy”, Lecture at the Institute of  Economic Affairs, London, June 29 1998.  Due to be published here 2010.

84. “Fable of the Fox, the Farmer, and the Would-Be Tailors”, October  (Published here July 27 2009).

85. “A Common Man’s Guide to Pricing Financial Derivatives”, Lecture to “National Seminar on Derivatives”, Xavier Labour Research Institute, Jamshedpur, Dec. 16 1998.   See 98.

1999

86. “An Analysis of Pakistan’s War-Winning Strategy: Are We Ready for This?”, IIT Kharagpur mimeo, published in part as 86a.“Was a Pakistani Grand Strategy Discerned in Time by India?” New Delhi:  Security & Political Risk Analysis Bulletin, July 1999, Kargil issue.  See also 000

80b. “The Original Reformer”, Outlook letters, Sep 13 1999.

2000

87. “On Freedom & the Scientific Point of View”, SN Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Feb 17 2000.  Cf 100 below.

88. “Liberalism and Indian economic policy”, lecture at IIM Calcutta,  Indian Liberal Group Meetings Devlali, Hyderabad; also Keynote address to UGC Seminar Guntur, March 30 2002.  (Due to be published here 2010).

89. “Towards a Highly Transparent Fiscal & Monetary Framework for India’s Union & State Governments”, Invited address to Conference of State Finance Secretaries, Reserve Bank of India, Bombay, April 29, 2000.  Published 2008.

90. “On the Economics of Information Technology”, two lectures at the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, Nov 10-11, 2000.

91. Review of A New World by Amit Chaudhuri in Literary Criterion, Mysore.

2001

92. Review of AD Shroff: Titan of Finance and Free Enterprise by Sucheta Dalal, Freedom First., January.

93. “Encounter with Rajiv Gandhi: On the Origins of the 1991 Economic Reform”, Freedom First, October. See also 93a in 2005 and  93b in 2007.

94. “A General Theory of Globalization & Modern Terrorism with Special Reference to September 11”, a keynote address to the Council for Asian Liberals & Democrats, Manila, Philippines, 16 Nov. 2001.  Published as 91a.

95. “The Case for and against The Satanic Verses: Diatribe and Dialectic as Art”, Dec 22 republished in print 95a The Statesman Festival Volume, 2006.

2002

94a “A General Theory of Globalization & Modern Terrorism with Special Reference to September 11”, in September 11 & Political Freedom in Asia, eds. Johannen, Smith & Gomez, Singapore 2002.

2002-2010

96. “Recording vivid dreams: Freud’s advice in exploring the Unconscious Mind” (Due to be published here in 2010).

2003

97. “Key principles of government accounting and audit”, IIT Kharagpur mimeo.

98. “Derivative pricing & other topics in financial theory: a student’s complete lecture notes” (Due to be published here in 2010).

2004

99. “Collapse of the Global Conversation”, International Institute for Asian Studies, Leiden, Netherlands, Jul 2004.

100. “Science, Religion, Art & the Necessity of Freedom”, a public lecture, University of Buckingham, UK, August 24 2004.  Published here 2007.

2005

93a Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform (this was the full story; it appeared in print for the first time in The Statesman Festival Volume 2007).

101. “Can India become an economic superpower (or will there be a monetary meltdown)?” Cardiff University Institute of Applied Macroeconomics Monetary Economics Seminar, April 13, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, April 27, Reserve Bank of India, Bombay, Chief Economist’s Seminar on Monetary Economics, May 5.

102. Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution: How it Happened and What it Meant, Edited and with an Introduction by Subroto Roy & John Clarke, London & New York: Continuum, 2005; paperback 2006; French translation by Florian Bay, 2007.

103. “Iqbal & Jinnah vs Rahmat Ali in Pakistan’s Creation”, Dawn, Karachi, Sep 3.

104. “The Mitrokhin Archives II from an Indian Perspective: A Review Article”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Oct 11 .

105. “After the Verdict”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 20.

106.   “US Espionage Failures”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Oct 26

107.  “Waffle But No Models of Monetary Policy”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Oct 30.

108. “On Hindus and Muslims”, The Statesman, Perspective Page, Nov 6.

109. “Assessing Vajpayee: Hindutva True and False”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Nov  13-14″.

110. “Fiction from the India Economic Summit”, The Statesman, Front Page, Nov 29.

111. “Solving Kashmir: On an Application of Reason”, The Statesman Editorial Page

I.  “Give the Hurriyat et al Indian Green Cards”, Dec 1

II.  “Choice of Nationality under Full Information”, Dec 2

III.  “Of Flags and Consulates in Gilgit etc”, Dec 3.

2006

112. “The Dream Team: A Critique”, The Statesman Editorial Page

I : New Delhi’s Consensus (Manmohantekidambaromics), Jan 6

II: Money, Convertibility, Inflationary Deficit Financing, Jan 7

III:  Rule of Law, Transparency, Government Accounting, Jan 8.

113. “Unaccountable Delhi: India’s Separation of Powers’ Doctrine”, The Statesman, Jan 13.

114. “Communists and Constitutions”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Jan 22.

115. “Diplomatic Wisdom”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Jan 31.

116.  “Mendacity & the Government Budget Constraint”, The Statesman, Front Page  Feb 3.

117. “Of Graven Images”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb5.

118. “Separation of Powers, Parts 1-2”, The Statesman, Editorial Pages Feb 12-13.

119. “Public Debt, Government Fantasy”, The Statesman, Front Page Editorial Comment, Feb 22.

120. “War or Peace Parts 1-2”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 23-24.

121. “Can You Handle This Brief, Mr Chidambaram?” The Statesman, Front Page  Feb 26.

122. “A Downpayment On the Taj Mahal Anyone?”, The Statesman, Front Page  Comment on the Budget 2006-2007, Mar 1.

123. “Atoms for Peace (or War)”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page Mar 5.

124. “Imperialism Redux: Business, Energy, Weapons & Foreign Policy”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Mar 14.

125.  “Logic of Democracy”,  The Statesman, Editorial Page, Mar 30.

126. “Towards an Energy Policy”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 2.

127. “Iran’s Nationalism”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 6.

128. “A Modern Military”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 16.

129.  “On Money & Banking”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Apr 23.

130.  “Lessons for India from Nepal’s Revolution”, The Statesman, Front Page Apr 26.

131. “Revisionist Flattery (Inder Malhotra’s Indira Gandhi: A Review Article)”, The Sunday Statesman, May 7.

132. “Modern World History”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page, May 7.

133. “Argumentative Indians: A Conversation with Professor Amartya Sen on Philosophy, Identity and Islam,” The Sunday Statesman,  May 14 2006.  “A Philosophical Conversation between Professor Sen and Dr Roy”,  2008.  Translated into Bengali by AA and published in 00.

134. “The Politics of Dr Singh”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, May 21.

135. “Corporate Governance & the Principal-Agent Problem”, lecture at a conference on corporate governance, Kolkata May 31.  Published here 2008.

136. “Pakistan’s Allies Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jun 4-5.

137. “Law, Justice and J&K Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jul 2, The Statesman Editorial Page Jul 3.

138. “The Greatest Pashtun (Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan)”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jul 16.

139. “Understanding Pakistan Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Jul 30, The Statesman Editorial Page Jul 31.

140.  “Indian Money and Credit”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 6.

141.  “India’s Moon Mission”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page,  Aug 13.

142. “Jaswant’s Journeyings: A Review Article”, The Sunday Statesman Magazine, Aug 27.

143. “Our Energy Interests, Parts 1-2”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 27, The Statesman Editorial Page Aug 28.

144. “Is Balochistan Doomed?”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Sep 3 2006.

145. “Racism New and Old”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Sep 8 2006

146. “Political Economy of India’s Energy Policy”, address to KAF-TERI conference, Goa Oct 7, published in 146a.

147. “New Foreign Policy? Seven phases of Indian foreign policy may be identifiable since Nehru”, Parts 1-2, The Sunday Statesman, Oct 8, The Statesman Oct 9.

148. “Justice & Afzal:  There is a difference between law and equity (or natural justice). The power of pardon is an equitable power. Commuting a death-sentence is a partial pardon”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Oct 14

149. “Non-existent liberals (On a Liberal Party for India)”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Oct 22.

150. “History of Jammu & Kashmir Parts 1-2”,  The Sunday Statesman, Oct 29, The Statesman Oct 30, Editorial Page.

151. “American Democracy: Does America need a Prime Minister and a longer-lived Legislature?”, The Sunday Statesman Nov 5.

152. “Milton Friedman A Man of Reason 1912-2006”, The Statesman Perspective Page,  Nov 22.

153. “Postscript to Milton Friedman Mahalanobis’s Plan  (The Mahalanobis-Nehru “Second Plan”) The Statesman Front Page Nov 22.

154.  “Mob Violence and Psychology”, Dec 10,  The Statesman, Editorial Page.

155. “What To Tell Musharraf: Peace Is Impossible Without Non-Aggressive Pakistani Intentions”, The Statesman Editorial Page Dec 15.

156. “Land, Liberty and Value: Government must act in good faith treating all citizens equally – not favouring organised business lobbies and organised labour over an unorganised peasantry”,  The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Dec 31.

2007

157. “Hypocrisy of the CPI-M: Political Collapse In Bengal: A Mid-Term Election/Referendum Is Necessary”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Jan 9.

158. “On Land-Grabbing: Dr Singh’s India, Buddhadeb’s Bengal, Modi’s Gujarat have notorious US, Soviet and Chinese examples to follow ~ distracting from the country’s real economic problems,” The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page Jan 14.

159. “India’s Macroeconomics:  Real growth has steadily occurred because India has shared the world’s technological progress. But bad fiscal, monetary policies over decades have led to monetary weakness and capital flight” The Statesman Editorial Page Jan 20.

160. “Fiscal Instability: Interest payments quickly suck dry every year’s Budget. And rolling over old public debt means that Government Borrowing in fact much exceeds the Fiscal Deficit”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 4.

161. “Our trade and payments Parts 1-2”  (“India in World Trade and Payments”),The Sunday Statesman, Feb 11 2007, The Statesman, Feb 12 2007.

162. “Our Policy Process: Self-Styled “Planners” Have Controlled India’s Paper Money For Decades,” The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 20.

163. “Bengal’s Finances”, The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page, Feb 25.

164. “Fallacious Finance: Congress, BJP, CPI-M may be leading India to Hyperinflation” The Statesman Editorial Page Mar 5.

165. “Uttar Pradesh Polity and Finance: A Responsible New Govt May Want To Declare A Financial Emergency” The Statesman Editorial Page, Mar 24

166. “A scam in the making” in The Sunday Statesman Front Page Apr 1 2007, published here in full as “Swindling India”.

167. “Maharashtra’s Money: Those Who Are Part Of The Problem Are Unlikely To Be A Part Of Its Solution”, The Statesman Editorial Page Apr 24.

146a. “Political Economy of Energy Policy” in India and Energy Security edited by Anant Sudarshan and Ligia Noronha, Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, New Delhi 2007.

168.  “Presidential Qualities: Simplicity, Genuine Achievement Are Desirable; Political Ambition Is Not”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, May 8.

169. “We & Our Neighbours: Pakistanis And Bangladeshis Would Do Well To Learn From Sheikh Abdullah”, The Statesman, Editorial Page May 15.

170. “On Indian Nationhood: From Tamils To Kashmiris And Assamese And Mizos To Sikhs And Goans”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, May 25.

171. A Current Example of the Working of the Unconscious Mind, May 26.

172. Where I would have gone if I was Osama Bin Laden, May 31.

173. “US election ’08:America’s Presidential Campaign Seems Destined To Be Focussed On Iraq”,  The Statesman, Editorial Page, June 1.

174. “Home Team Advantage: On US-Iran talks and Sunni-Shia subtleties: Tehran must transcend its revolution and endorse the principle that the House of Islam has many mansions”,  The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page, June 3

175. “Unhealthy Delhi: When will normal political philosophy replace personality cults?”,  The Statesman, Editorial Page, June 11.

176. “American Turmoil: A Vice-Presidential Coup – And Now a Grassroots Counterrevolution?”,  The Statesman, Editorial Page, June 18

177.  “Political Paralysis: India has yet to develop normal conservative, liberal and socialist parties. The Nice-Housing-Effect and a little game-theory may explain the current stagnation”,  The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, June 24.

177. “Has America Lost? War Doctrines Of Kutusov vs Clausewitz May Help Explain Iraq War”,  The Statesman, Editorial Page, July 3.

178. “Lal Masjid ≠ Golden Temple: Wide differences are revealed between contemporary Pakistan and India by these two superficially similar military assaults on armed religious civilians”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page July 15

179 “Political Stonewalling: Only Transparency Can Improve Institutions”, The Statesman, Editorial Page July 20.

180. “Gold standard etc: Fixed versus flexible exchange rates”, July 21.

181. “US Pakistan-India Policy: Delhi & Islamabad Still Look West In Defining Their Relationship”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, July 27.

182. “Works of DH Lawrence” July 30

183. “An Open Letter to Professor Amartya Sen about Singur etc”, The Statesman, Editorial Page,  July 31.

184.  “Martin Buber on Palestine and Israel (with Postscript)”, Aug 4.

185. “Auguste Rodin on Nature, Art, Beauty, Women and Love”,  Aug 7.

186. “Saving Pakistan: A Physicist/Political Philosopher May Represent Iqbal’s “Spirit of Modern Times”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 13.

187. Letter to Forbes.com  16 Aug.

188. “Need for Clarity: A poorly drafted treaty driven by business motives is a recipe for international misunderstanding”, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Aug 19.

189. “No Marxist MBAs? An amicus curiae brief for the Hon’ble High Court”,  The Statesman, FrontPage, Aug 29.

190. On Lawrence, Sep 4.

191. Dalai Lama’s Return: In the tradition of Gandhi, King, Mandela, Sep 11.

192. Of JC Bose, Patrick Geddes & the Leaf-World, Sep 12.

193. “Against Quackery: Manmohan and Sonia have violated Rajiv Gandhi’s intended reforms; the Communists have been appeased or bought; the BJP is incompetent  Parts 1-2”, in The Sunday Statesman and The Statesman, Editorial Pages of Sep 23-24.

194. Karl Georg Zinn’s 1994 Review of Philosophy of Economics, Sep 26.

195. DH Lawrence’s Phoenix, Oct 3.

93b. “Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform”, Statesman Festival Volume.

196. “Iran, America, Iraq: Bush’s post-Saddam Saddamism — one flip-flop too many?”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 16.

197. “Understanding China: The World Needs to Ask China to Find Her True Higher Self”,  The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 22.

198. “India-USA interests: Elements of a serious Indian foreign policy”,  The Statesman, Editorial Page, Oct 30.

199. “China’s India Aggression : German Historians Discover Logic Behind Communist Military Strategy”,  The Statesman, Editorial Page Special Article, Nov 5.

200. Sonia’s Lying Courtier (with Postscript), Nov 25.

201. “Surrender or Fight? War is not a cricket match or Bollywood movie. Can India fight China if it must?” The Statesman, Dec 4, Editorial Page.

202. Hutton and Desai: United in Error Dec 14

203. “China’s Commonwealth: Freedom is the Road to Resolving Taiwan, Tibet, Sinkiang”,  The Statesman, Dec 17.

2008

204. “Nixon & Mao vs India: How American foreign policy did a U-turn about Communist China’s India aggression. The Government of India should publish its official history of the 1962 war.”  The Sunday Statesman, Jan 6, The Statesman Jan 7  Editorial Page.

205. “Lessons from the 1962 War:  Beginnings of a solution to the long-standing border problem: there are distinct Tibetan, Chinese and Indian points of view that need to be mutually comprehended”, The Sunday Statesman, January 13 2008.

206. “Our Dismal Politics: Will Independent India Survive Until 2047?”, The Statesman Editorial Page, Feb 1.

207. Median Voter Model of India’s Electorate Feb 7.

208. “Anarchy in Bengal: Intra-Left bandh marks the final unravelling of “Brand Buddha””, The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 10.

209. Fifty years since my third birthday: on life and death.

210. “Pakistan’s Kashmir obsession: Sheikh Abdullah Relied In Politics On The French Constitution, Not Islam”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 16.

211.  A Note on the Indian Policy Process  Feb 21.

212. “Growth & Government Delusion: Progress Comes From Learning, Enterprise, Exchange, Not The Parasitic State”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 22.

213.  “How to Budget: Thrift, Not Theft, Needs to Guide Our Public Finances”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, Feb 26.

214. “India’s Budget Process (in Theory)”, The Statesman, Front Page Feb 29.

215.  “Irresponsible Governance: Congress, BJP, Communists, BSP, Sena Etc Reveal Equally Bad Traits”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, March 4.

216. “American Politics: Contest Between Obama And Clinton Affects The World”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, March 11.

217. “China’s India Example: Tibet, Xinjiang May Not Be Assimilated Like Inner Mongolia And Manchuria”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, March 25.

218. “Taxation of India’s Professional Cricket: A Proposal”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, April 1.

219. “Two cheers for Pakistan!”,  The Statesman, Editorial Page, April 7.

220. “Indian Inflation: Upside Down Economics From The New Delhi Establishment Parts 1-2”, The Statesman, Editorial Page, April 15-16.

221. “Assessing Manmohan: The Doctor of Deficit Finance should realise the currency is at stake”, The Statesman, Editorial Page Apr 25.

222. John Wisdom, Renford Bambrough: Main Philosophical Works, May 8.

223.  “All India wept”: On the death of Rajiv Gandhi,  May 21.

224. “China’s force and diplomacy: The need for realism in India” The Statesman, Editorial Page May 31.

226. Serendipity and the China-Tibet-India border problem  June 6

227. “Leadership vacuum: Time & Tide Wait For No One In Politics: India Trails Pakistan & Nepal!”, The Statesman Editorial Page June 7.

228. My meeting Jawaharlal Nehru Oct13 1962

229.  Manindranath Roy 1891-1958

230. Surendranath Roy 1860-1929

231.  The Roys of Behala 1928.

232. Sarat Chandra visits Surendranath Roy 1927

233. Nuksaan-Faida Analysis = Cost-Benefit Analysis in Hindi/Urdu Jun 30

234.  One of many reasons John R Hicks was a great economist July 3

236.  My father, Indian diplomat, in the Shah’s Tehran 1954-57  July 8

237 Distribution of Govt of India Expenditure (Net of Operational Income) 1995 July 27

238. Growth of Real Income, Money & Prices in India 1869-2008, July 28.

239. Communism from Social Democracy? But not in India or China!  July 29

240. Death of Solzhenitsyn, Aug. 3

240a. Tolstoy on Science and Art, Aug 4.

241. “Reddy`s reckoning: Where should India’s real interest rate be relative to the world?” Business Standard Aug 10

242. “Rangarajan Effect”, Business Standard Aug 24

243. My grandfather’s death in Ottawa 50 years ago today  Sep 3

244. My books in the Library of Congress and British Library Sep 12

245. On Jimmy Carter & the “India-US Nuclear Deal”, Sep 12

246. My father after presenting his credentials to President Kekkonen of Finland Sep 14 1973.

247. “October 1929?  Not!”, Business Standard, Sep 18.

248. “MK Gandhi, SN Roy, MA Jinnah in March 1919: Primary education legislation in a time of protest”

249. 122 sensible American economists Sept 26

250. Govt of India: Please call in the BBC and ask them a question Sep 27

251. “Monetary Integrity and the Rupee:  Three British Raj relics have dominated our macroeconomic policy-making” Business Standard Sep 28.

252a.  Rabindranath’s daughter writes to her friend my grandmother Oct 5

252b.  A Literary Find: Modern Poetry in Bengal, Oct 6.

253. Sarat writes to Manindranath 1931,  Oct 12

254. Origins of India’s Constitutional Politics 1913

255. Indira Gandhi in Paris, 1971

256. How the Liabilities/Assets Ratio of Indian Banks Changed from 84% in 1970 to 108% in 1998, October 20

257a. My Subjective Probabilities on India’s Moon Mission Oct 21

258. Complete History of Mankind’s Moon Missions: An Indian Citizen’s Letter to ISRO’s Chairman, Oct 22.

259. Would not a few million new immigrants solve America’s mortgage crisis? Oct 26

260. “America’s divided economists”, Business Standard Oct 26

261. One tiny prediction about the Obama Administration, Nov 5

262. Rai Bahadur Umbika Churn Rai, 1827-1902,  Nov 7 2008

263. Jawaharlal Nehru invites my father to the Mountbatten Farewell  Nov 7 2008

70a. “Become a US Supreme Court Justice! (Explorations in the Rule of Law in America) Preface” Nov 9

70b. “Become a US Supreme Court Justice! (Explorations in the Rule of Law in America) Password protected.” Nov 9.

257b. Neglecting technological progress was the basis of my pessimism about Chandrayaan,  Nov 9.

264. Of a new New Delhi myth and the success of the University of Hawaii 1986-1992 Pakistan project Nov 15

265. Pre-Partition Indian Secularism Case-Study: Fuzlul Huq and Manindranath Roy Nov 16

266. Do President-elect Obama’s Pakistan specialists suppose Maulana Azad, Dr Zakir Hussain, Sheikh Abdullah were Pakistanis (or that Sheikh Mujib wanted to remain one)?  Nov 18

267. Jews have never been killed in India for being Jews until this sad day, Nov 28.

268. In international law, Pakistan has been the perpetrator, India the victim of aggression in Mumbai,  Nov 30.

269. The Indian Revolution, Dec 1.

270. Habeas Corpus: a captured terrorist mass-murderer tells a magistrate he has not been mistreated by Mumbai’s police Dec 3

271. India’s Muslim Voices (Or, Let us be clear the Pakistan-India or Kashmir conflicts have not been Muslim-Hindu conflicts so much as intra-Muslim conflicts about Muslim identity and self-knowledge on the Indian subcontinent), Dec 4

272. “Anger Management” needed? An Oxford DPhil recommends Pakistan launch a nuclear first strike against India within minutes of war, Dec 5.

273. A Quick Comparison Between the September 11 2001 NYC-Washington attacks and the November 26-28 2008 Mumbai Massacres (An Application of the Case-by-Case Philosophical Technique of Wittgenstein, Wisdom and Bambrough), Dec 6

274. Dr Rice finally gets it right (and maybe Mrs Clinton will too) Dec 7

275. Will the Government of India’s new macroeconomic policy dampen or worsen the business-cycle (if such a cycle exists at all)? No one knows! “Where ignorance is bliss, ‘Tis folly to be wise.”  Dec 7

276. Pump-priming for car-dealers: Keynes groans in his grave (If evidence was needed of the intellectual dishonesty of New Delhi’s new macroeconomic policy, here it is) Dec 9.

277. Congratulations to Mumbai’s Police: capturing a terrorist, affording him his Habeas Corpus rights, getting him to confess within the Rule of Law, sets a new world standard  Dec 10

278. Two cheers — wait, let’s make that one cheer — for America’s Justice Department, Dec 10

279. Will Pakistan accept the bodies of nine dead terrorists who came from Pakistan to Mumbai? If so, let there be a hand-over at the Wagah border, Dec 11.

280. Kasab was a stupid, ignorant, misguided youth, manufactured by Pakistan’s terrorist masterminds into becoming a mass-murdering robot: Mahatma Gandhi’s India should punish him, get him to repent if he wishes, then perhaps rehabilitate him as a potent weapon against Pakistani terrorism Dec 12.

281. Pakistan’s New Delhi Embassy should ask for “Consular Access” to nine dead terrorists in a Mumbai morgue before asking to meet Kasab, Dec 13

282. An Indian Reply to President Zardari: Rewarding Pakistan for bad behaviour leads to schizophrenic relationships Dec 19

283. Is my prediction about Caroline Kennedy becoming US Ambassador to Britain going to be correct?  Dec 27

284. Chandrayaan adds a little good cheer! Well done, ISRO!, Dec 28

285. How sad that “Slumdog millionaire” is SO disappointing! Dec 31

289. (with Claude Arpi) “Transparency & history: India’s archives must be opened to world standards” Business Standard New Delhi Dec 31, 2008, published here Jan 1 .

2009

290. A basis of India-Pakistan cooperation on the Mumbai massacres: the ten Pakistani terrorists started off as pirates and the Al-Huseini is a pirate ship Jan 1.

291. India’s “pork-barrel politics” needs a nice (vegetarian) Hindi name! “Teli/oily politics” perhaps? (And are we next going to see a Bill of Rights for Lobbyists?) Jan 3

292. My (armchair) experience of the 1999 Kargil war (Or, “Actionable Intelligence” in the Internet age: How the Kargil effort got a little help from a desktop)  Jan 5

293. How Jammu & Kashmir’s Chief Minister Omar Abdullah can become a worthy winner of the Nobel Peace Prize: An Open Letter,  Jan 7

294. Could the Satyam/PwC fraud be the visible part of an iceberg? Where are India’s “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”? Isn’t governance rather poor all over corporate India? Bad public finance may be a root cause Jan 8

295. Satyam does not exist: it is bankrupt, broke, kaput. Which part of this does the new “management team” not get? The assets belong to Satyam’s creditors. Jan 8

296. Jews are massacred in Mumbai and now Jews commit a massacre in Gaza!  Jan 9

297. And now for the Great Satyam Whitewash/Cover-Up/Public Subsidy! The wrong Minister appoints the wrong new Board who, probably, will choose the wrong policy Jan 12

298. Letter to Wei Jingsheng  Jan 14

299. Memo to the Hon’ble Attorneys General of Pakistan & India: How to jointly prosecute the Mumbai massacre perpetrators most expeditiously Jan 16

300. Satyam and IT-firms in general may be good candidates to become “Labour-Managed” firms Jan 18

301. “Yes we might be able to do that. Perhaps we ought to. But again, perhaps we ought not to, let me think about it…. Most important is Cromwell’s advice: Think it possible we may be mistaken!” Jan 20.

302. RAND’s study of the Mumbai attacks Jan 25

303. Didn’t Dr Obama (the new American President’s late father) once publish an article in Harvard’s Quarterly Journal of Economics? (Or did he?) Jan 25.

304. “A Dialogue in Macroeconomics” 1989 etc: sundry thoughts on US economic policy discourse Jan 30

305. American Voices: A Brief Popular History of the United States in 20 You-Tube Music Videos Feb 5

306. Jaladhar Sen writes to Manindranath at Surendranath’s death, Feb 23

307. Pakistani expansionism: India and the world need to beware of “Non-Resident Pakistanis” ruled by Rahmat Ali’s ghost, Feb 9

308. My American years Part One 1980-90: battles for academic integrity & freedom Feb 11.

309. Thanks and well done Minister Rehman Malik and the Govt of Pakistan Feb 12

310. Can President Obama resist the financial zombies (let alone slay them)? His economists need to consult Dr Anna J Schwartz Feb 14

311. A Brief History of Gilgit, Feb 18

312. Memo to UCLA Geographers: Commonsense suggests Mr Bin Laden is far away from the subcontinent Feb 20

313. The BBC gets its history and geography deliberately wrong again Feb 21

314. Bengal Legislative Council 1921, Feb 28

315. Carmichael visits Surendranath, 1916, Mar 1

316. Memo to GoI CLB: India discovered the Zero, and 51% of Zero is still Zero Mar 10

317. An Academic Database of Doctoral & Other Postgraduate Research Done at UK Universities on India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Other Asian Countries Over 100 Years, Mar 13

318. Pakistan’s progress, Mar 18

319. Risk-aversion explains resistance to free trade, Mar 19

320. India’s incredibly volatile inflation rate!  Mar 20

321. Is “Vicky, Cristina, Barcelona” referring to an emasculation of (elite) American society?,  Mar 21

322. Just how much intellectual fraud can Delhi produce? Mar 26

323. India is not a monarchy! We urgently need to universalize the French concept of “citoyen”!  Mar 28

324. Could this be the real state of some of our higher education institutions? Mar 29

325. Progress! The BBC retracts its prevarication! Mar 30

326. Aldous Huxley’s Essay “DH Lawrence” Mar 31

327. Waffle not institutional reform is what (I predict) the “G-20 summit” will produce, April 1

328. Did a full cricket team of Indian bureaucrats follow our PM into 10 Downing Street? Count for yourself! April 3

329. Will someone please teach the BJP’s gerontocracy some Economics 101 on an emergency basis?  April 5

330. The BBC needs to determine exactly where it thinks Pakistan is!, April 5

331. Alfred Lyall on Christians, Muslims, India, China, Etc, 1908, April 6

332. An eminent economist of India passes away April 9

333. Democracy Database for the Largest Electorate Ever Seen in World History, April 12

334. Memo to the Election Commission of India April 14 2009, 9 AM, April 14

335. Caveat emptor! Satyam is taken over, April 14

336. India’s 2009 General Elections: Candidates, Parties, Symbols for Polls on 16-30 April Phases 1,2,3, April 15

337. On the general theory of expertise in democracy: reflections on what emerges from the American “torture memos” today, April 18

338. India’s 2009 General Elections: 467 constituencies (out of 543) for which candidates have been announced as of 1700hrs April 21, April 21

339. Apropos Philosophy of Economics, Comments of Sidney Hook, KJ Arrow, Milton Friedman, TW Schultz, SS Alexander, Max Black, Renford Bambrough, John Gray et al., April 22.

340. India’s 2009 General Elections: Names of all 543 Constituencies of the 15th Lok Sabha, April 22.

341. India’s 2009 General Elections: How 4125 State Assembly Constituencies comprise the 543 new Lok Sabha Constituencies, April 23.

342. Why has America’s “torture debate” yet to mention the obvious? Viz., sadism and racism, April 24

343. India’s 2009 General Elections: the advice of the late “George Eliot” (Mary Ann Evans, 1819-1880) to India’s voting public, April 24.

344. India’s 2009 General Elections: Delimitation and the Different Lists of 543 Lok Sabha Constituencies in 2009 and 2004, April 25

345. Is “Slumdog Millionaire” the single worst Best Picture ever?

346. India’s 2009 General Elections: Result of Delimitation — Old (2004) and New (2009) Lok Sabha and Assembly Constituencies, April 26

347. India’s 2009 General Elections: 7019 Candidates in 485 (out of 543) Constituencies announced as of April 26 noon April 26

348. What is Christine Fair referring to? Would the MEA kindly seek to address what she has claimed asap? April 27

349. Politics can be so entertaining 🙂 Manmohan versus Sonia on the poor old CPI(M)!, April 28

350. A Dozen Grown-Up Questions for Sonia Gandhi, Manmohan Singh, LK Advani, Sharad Pawar, Km Mayawati and Anyone Else Dreaming of Becoming/Deciding India’s PM After the 2009 General Elections, April 28

351. India’s 2009 General Elections: How drastically will the vote-share of political parties change from 2004? May 2

352. India’s 2009 General Elections: And now finally, all 8,070 Candidates across all 543 Lok Sabha Constituencies, May 5

353. India’s 2009 General Elections: The Mapping of Votes into Assembly Segments Won into Parliamentary Seats Won in the 2004 Election, May 7

354. Will Messrs Advani, Rajnath Singh & Modi ride into the sunset if the BJP comes to be trounced? (Corrected), May 10

355. India’s 2009 General Elections: 543 Matrices to Help Ordinary Citizens Audit the Election Commission’s Vote-Tallies  May 12

356. Well done Sonia-Rahul! Two hours before polls close today, I am willing to predict a big victory for you (but, please, try to get your economics right, and also, you must get Dr Singh a Lok Sabha seat if he is to be PM) May 13

357. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee must dissolve the West Bengal Assembly if he is an honest democrat: Please try to follow Gerard Schröder’s example even slightly! May 16

358. India’s 2009 General Elections: Provisional Results from the EC as of 1400 hours Indian Standard Time May 16

359. Memo to the Hon’ble President of India: It is Sonia Gandhi, not Manmohan Singh, who should be invited to our equivalent of the “Kissing Hands” Ceremony May 16

360. Time for heads to roll in the BJP/RSS and CPI(M)!, May 17.

361. Inviting a new Prime Minister of India to form a Government: Procedure Right and Wrong  May 18

362. Starting with Procedural Error: Why has the “Cabinet” of the 14th Lok Sabha been meeting today AFTER the results of the Elections to the 15th Lok Sabha have been declared?!  May 18

363. Why has the Sonia Congress done something that the Congress under Nehru-Indira-Rajiv would not have done, namely, exaggerate the power of the Rajya Sabha and diminish the power of the Lok Sabha? May 21

364. Shouldn’t Dr Singh’s Cabinet begin with a small apology to the President of India for discourtesy? May we have reviews and reforms of protocols and practices to be followed at Rashtrapati Bhavan and elsewhere?  May 23

365. Parliament’s sovereignty has been diminished by the Executive: A record for future generations to know May 25

366. How tightly will organised Big Business be able to control economic policies this time? May 26

367. Why does India not have a Parliament ten days after the 15th Lok Sabha was elected? Nehru and Rajiv would both have been appalled May 27

368. Eleven days and counting after the 15th Lok Sabha was elected and still no Parliament of India! (But we do have 79 Ministers — might that be a world record?) May 28

369. Note to Posterity: 79 Ministers in office but no 15th Lok Sabha until June 1 2009! May 29

370. Silver Jubilee of Pricing, Planning & Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India May 29

371. How to Design a Better Cabinet for the Government of India May 29

372. Parliament is supposed to control the Government, not be bullied or intimidated by it: Will Rahul Gandhi be able to lead the Backbenches in the 15th Lok Sabha? June 1

373. Mistaken Macroeconomics: An Open Letter to Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh, June 12

374. Why did Manmohan Singh and LK Advani apologise to one another? Is Indian politics essentially collusive, not competitive, aiming only to preserve and promote the post-1947 Dilli Raj at the expense of the whole of India? We seem to have no Churchillian repartee (except perhaps from Bihar occasionally) June 18

375. Are Iran’s Revolutionaries now Reactionaries? George Orwell would have understood. A fresh poll may be the only answer Are Iran’s Revolutionaries now Reactionaries? George Orwell would have understood. A fresh poll may be the only answer  June 22

376. My March 25 1991 memo to Rajiv (which never reached him) is something the present Government seems to have followed: all for the best of course! July 12

377. Disquietude about France’s behaviour towards India on July 14 2009 July 14

378. Does the Govt. of India assume “foreign investors and analysts” are a key constituency for Indian economic policy-making? If so, why so? Have Govt. economists “learnt nothing, forgotten everything”? Some Bastille Day thoughts July 14

379. Letter to the GoI’s seniormost technical economist, May 21.July 19

380. Excuse me but young Kasab in fact confessed many months ago, immediately after he was captured – he deserves 20 or 30 years in an Indian prison, and a chance to become a model prisoner who will stand against the very terrorists who sent him on his vile mission  July 20

381. Finally, three months late, the GoI responds to American and Pakistani allegations about Balochistan July 24

382.  Thoughts, words, deeds: My work 1973-2010

M1. Map of Asia c. 1900

M2. Map of Chinese Empire c. 1900

M3. Map of Sinkiang, Tibet and Neighbours 1944

M4. China’s Secretly Built 1957 Road Through India’s Aksai Chin

M5. Map of Kashmir to Sinkiang 1944

M6. Map of India-Tibet-China-Mongolia 1959

M7. Map of India, Afghanistan, Russia, China, 1897

M8. Map of Xinjiang/Sinkiang/E Turkestan

M9. Map of Bombay/Mumbai 1909

M10-M13. Himalayan Expedition, West Sikkim 1970 – 1,2,3,4

Mistaken Macroeconomics: An Open Letter to Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh 12 June 2009

 

 

 

12 June 2009

The Hon’ble Dr Manmohan Singh, MP, Rajya Sabha

Prime Minister of India

 

 

Respected Pradhan Mantriji:

 

In September 1993 at the residence of the Indian Ambassador to Washington, I had the privilege of being introduced to you by our Ambassador the Hon’ble Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Bar-at-Law. Ambassador Ray was kind enough to introduce me saying the 1991 “Congress manifesto had been written on (my laptop) computer” – a reference to my work as adviser on economic and other policy to the late Rajiv Gandhi in his last months. I presented you a book Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s created and edited by myself and WE James at the University of Hawaii since 1986 — the unpublished manuscript of that book had reached Rajivji by my hand when he and I first met on September 18 1990. Tragically, my pleadings in subsequent months to those around him that he seemed to my layman’s eyes vulnerable to the assassin went unheeded.

 

 

When you and I met in 1993, we had both forgotten another meeting twenty years earlier in Paris. My father had been a long-time friend of the late Brahma Kaul, ICS, and the late MG Kaul, ICS, who knew you in your early days in the Government of India. In the late summer of 1973, you had acceded to my father’s request to advise me about economics before I embarked for the London School of Economics as a freshman undergraduate. You visited our then-home in Paris for about 40 minutes despite your busy schedule as part of an Indian delegation to the Aid-India Consortium. We ended up having a tense debate about the merits (as you saw them) and demerits (as I saw them) of the Soviet influence on Indian economic “planning”. You had not expected such controversy from a lad of 18 but you were kindly disposed and offered when departing to write a letter of introduction to Amartya Sen, then teaching at the LSE, which you later sent me and which I was delighted to carry to Professor Sen.

 

 

I may add my father, back in 1973 in Paris, had predicted to me that you would become Prime Minister of India one day, and he, now in his 90s, is joined by myself in sending our warm congratulations at the start of your second term in that high office.

 

 

The controversy though that you and I had entered that Paris day in 1973 about scientific economics as applied to India, must be renewed afresh!

 

 

This is because of your categorical statement on June 9 2009 to the new 15th Lok Sabha:

 

 

“I am convinced, since our savings rate is as high as 35%, given the collective will, if all of us work together, we can achieve a growth-rate of 8%-9%, even if the world economy does not do well.” (Statement of Dr Manmohan Singh to the Lok Sabha, June 9 2009)

 

 

I am afraid there may be multiple reasons why such a statement is gravely and incorrigibly in error within scientific economics. From your high office as Prime Minister in a second term, faced perhaps with no significant opposition from either within or without your party, it is possible the effects of such an error may spell macroeconomic catastrophe for India.

 

 

As it happens, the British Labour Party politician Dr Meghnad Desai made an analogous statement to yours about India when he claimed in 2006 that China

 

 

“now has 10.4% growth on a 44 % savings rate… ”

 

Indeed the idea that China and India have had extremely high economic growth-rates based on purportedly astronomical savings rates has become a commonplace in recent years, repeated endlessly in international and domestic policy circles though perhaps without adequate basis.

 

 

 

1.   Germany & Japan

 

What, at the outset, is supposed to be measured when we speak of “growth”? Indian businessmen and their media friends seem to think “growth” refers to something like nominal earnings before tax for the organised corporate sector, or any unspecified number that can be sold to visiting foreigners to induce them to park their funds in India: “You will get a 10% return if you invest in India” to which the visitor says “Oh that must mean India has 10% growth going on”. Of such nonsense are expensive international conferences in Davos and Delhi often made.

 

You will doubtless agree the economist at least must define economic growth properly and with care — what is referred to must be annual growth of per capita inflation-adjusted Gross Domestic Product. (Per capita National Income or Net National Product would be even better if available).

 

West Germany and Japan had the highest annual per capita real GDP growth-rates in the world economy starting from devastated post-World War II initial conditions. What were their measured rates?

 

West Germany: 6.6% in 1950-1960, falling to 3.5% by 1960-1970 falling to 2.4% by 1970-1978.

 

Japan: 6.8 % in 1952-1960 rising to 9.4% in 1960-1970 falling to 3.8 % in 1970-1978.

 

Thus in recent decadesonly Japan measured a spike in the 1960s of more than 9% annual growth of real per capita GDP. Now India and China are said to be achieving 8%-10 % and more year after year routinely!

 

Perhaps we are observing an incredible phenomenon of world economic history. Or perhaps it is just something incredible, something false and misleading, like a mirage in the desert.

 

You may agree that processes of measurement of real income in India both at federal and provincial levels, still remain well short of the world standards described by the UN’s System of National Accounts 1993. The actuality of our real GDP growth may be better than what is being measured or it may be worse than what is being measured – from the point of view of public decision-making we at present simply do not know which it is, and to overly rely on such numbers in national decisions may be unwise. In any event, India’s population is growing at near 2% so even if your Government’s measured number of 8% or 9% is taken at face-value, we have to subtract 2% population growth to get per capita figures.

 

 

 

 

 

2.  Growth of the aam admi’s consumption-basket

 

 

The late Professor Milton Friedman had been an invited adviser in 1955 to the Government of India during the Second Five Year Plan’s formulation. The Government of India suppressed what he had to say and I had to publish it 34 years later in May 1989 during the 1986-1992 perestroika-for-India project that I led at the University of Hawaii in the United States. His November 1955 Memorandum to the Government of India is a chapter in the book Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s that I and WE James created.

 

At the 1989 project-conference itself, Professor Friedman made the following astute observation about all GNP, GDP etc growth-numbers that speaks for itself:

 

 

“I don’t believe the term GNP ought to be used unless it is supplemented by a different statistic: the rate of growth of the average consumption basket consumed by the ordinary individual in the country. I think GNP rates of growth can give very misleading information. For example, you have rapid rates of growth of GNP in the Soviet Union with a declining standard of life for the people. Because GNP includes monuments and includes also other things. I’m not saying that that is the case with India; I’m just saying I would like to see the two figures together.”

 

 

You may perhaps agree upon reflection that not only may our national income growth measurements be less robust than we want, it may be better to be measuring something else instead, or as well, as a measure of the economic welfare of India’s people, namely, “the rate of growth of the average consumption basket consumed by the ordinary individual in the country”, i.e., the rate of growth of the average consumption basket consumed by the aam admi.

 

 

It would be excellent indeed if you were to instruct your Government’s economists and other spokesmen to do so this as it may be something more reliable as an indicator of our economic realities than all the waffle generated by crude aggregate growth-rates.

 

 

 

 

3.  Logic of your model

 

Thirdly, the logic needs to be spelled out of the economic model that underlies such statements as yours or Meghnad Desai’s that seek to operationally relate savings rates to aggregate growth rates in India or China. This seems not to have been done publicly in living memory by the Planning Commission or other Government economists. I have had to refer, therefore, to pages 251-253 of my own Cambridge doctoral thesis under Professor Frank Hahn thirty years ago, titled “On liberty and economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”, where the logic of such models as yours was spelled out briefly as follows:

 

Let

 

 

Kt be capital stock

 

Yt be national output

 

It be the level of real investment

 

St be the level of real savings

 

By definition

 

It = K t+1 – Kt

 

By assumption

 

Kt = k Yt 0 < k < 1

 

St = sYt 0 < s <1

 

In equilibrium ex ante investment equals ex ante savings

 

It = St

 

Hence in equilibrium

 

sYt = K t+1 – Kt

 

Or

 

s/k = g

 

where g is defined to be the rate of growth (Y t+1-Yt)/Yt  .

 

The left hand side then defines the “warranted rate of growth” which must maintain the famous “knife-edge” with the right hand side “natural rate of growth”.

 

Your June 9 2009 Lok Sabha statement that a 35% rate of savings in India may lead to an 8%-9% rate of economic growth in India, or Meghnad Desai’s statement that a 44% rate of savings in China led to a 10.4% growth there, can only be made meaningful in the context of a logical economic model like the one I have given above.

 

[In the open-economy version of the model, let Mt be imports, Et be exports, Ft net capital inflows.

 

Assume

 

Mt = aIt + bYt 0 < a, b < 1

 

Et = E for all t

 

Balance of payments is

 

Bt = Mt – Et – Ft

 

In equilibrium It = St + Bt

 

Or

 

Ft = (s+b) Yt – (1-a) It – E is a kind of “warranted” level of net capital inflow.]

 

 

 

You may perhaps agree upon reflection that building the entire macroeconomic policy of the Government of India merely upon a piece of economic logic as simplistic as the

 

s/k = g

 

equation above, may spell an unacceptable risk to the future economic well-being of our vast population. An alternative procedural direction for macroeconomic policy, with more obviously positive and profound consequences, may have been that which I sought to persuade Rajiv Gandhi about with some success in 1990-1991. Namely, to systematically seek to improve towards normalcy the budgets, financial positions and decision-making capacities of the Union and all state and local governments as well as all public institutions, organisations, entities, and projects in general, with the aim of making our domestic money a genuine hard currency of the world again after seven decades, so that any ordinary resident of India may hold and trade precious metals and foreign exchange at his/her local bank just like all those glamorous privileged NRIs have been permitted to do. Such an alternative path has been described in “The Indian Revolution”, “Against Quackery”, “The Dream Team: A Critique”, “India’s Macroeconomics”, “Indian Inflation”, etc.

 

 

 

4. Gross exaggeration of real savings rate by misreading deposit multiplication

 

 

Specifically, I am afraid you may have been misled into thinking India’s real savings rate, s, is as high as 35% just as Meghnad Desai may have misled himself into thinking China’s real savings rate is as high as 44%.

 

 

Neither of you may have wanted to make such a claim if you had referred to the fact that over the last 25 years, the average savings rate across all OECD countries has been less than 10%. Economic theory always finds claims of discontinuous behaviour to be questionable. If the average OECD citizen has been trying to save 10% of disposable income at best, it appears prima facie odd that India’s PM claims a savings rate as high as 35% for India or a British politician has claimed a savings rate as high as 44% for China. Something may be wrong in the measurement of the allegedly astronomical savings rates of India and China. The late Professor Nicholas Kaldor himself, after all, suggested it was rich people who saved and poor people who did not for the simple reason the former had something left over to save which the latter did not!

 

 

And indeed something is wrong in the measurements. What has happened, I believe, is that there has been a misreading of the vast nominal expansion of bank deposits via deposit-multiplication in the Indian banking system, an expansion that has been caused by explosive deficit finance over the last four or five decades. That vast nominal expansion of bank-deposits has been misread as indicating growth of real savings behaviour instead. I have written and spoken about and shown this quite extensively in the last half dozen years since I first discovered it in the case of India. E.g., in a lecture titled “Can India become an economic superpower or will there be a monetary meltdown?” at Cardiff University’s Institute of Applied Macroeconomics and at London’s Institute of Economic Affairs in April 2005, as well as in May 2005 at a monetary economics seminar invited at the RBI by Dr Narendra Jadav. The same may be true of China though I have looked at it much less.

 

 

How I described this phenomenon in a 2007 article in The Statesman is this:

 

 

“Savings is indeed normally measured by adding financial and non-financial savings. Financial savings include bank-deposits. But India is not a normal country in this. Nor is China. Both have seen massive exponential growth of bank-deposits in the last few decades. Does this mean Indians and Chinese are saving phenomenally high fractions of their incomes by assiduously putting money away into their shaky nationalized banks? Sadly, it does not. What has happened is government deficit-financing has grown explosively in both countries over decades. In a “fractional reserve” banking system (i.e. a system where your bank does not keep the money you deposited there but lends out almost all of it immediately), government expenditure causes bank-lending, and bank-lending causes bank-deposits to expand. Yes there has been massive expansion of bank-deposits in India but it is a nominal paper phenomenon and does not signify superhuman savings behaviour. Indians keep their assets mostly in metals, land, property, cattle, etc., and as cash, not as bank deposits.”

 

 

An article of mine in 2008 in Business Standard put it like this:

 

 

“India has followed in peacetime over six decades what the US and Britain followed during war. Our vast growth of bank deposits in recent decades has been mostly a paper (or nominal) phenomenon caused by unlimited deficit finance in a fractional reserve banking system. Policy makers have widely misinterpreted it as indicating a real phenomenon of incredibly high savings behaviour. In an inflationary environment, people save their wealth less as paper deposits than as real assets like land, cattle, buildings, machinery, food stocks, jewellery etc.”

 

 

If you asked me “What then is India’s real savings rate?” I have little answer to give except to say I know what it is not – it is not what the Government of India says it is. It is certainly unlikely to be anywhere near the 35% you stated it to be in your June 9 2009 Lok Sabha statement. If the OECD’s real savings rate has been something like 10% out of disposable income, I might accept India’s is, say, 15% at a maximum when properly measured – far from the 35% being claimed. What I believe may have been mismeasured by you and Meghnad Desai and many others as indicating high real savings is actually the nominal or paper expansion of bank-deposits in a fractional reserve banking system induced by runaway government deficit-spending in both India and China over the last several decades.

 

 

 

 

5. Technological progress and the mainsprings of real economic growth

 

 

So much for the g and s variables in the s/k = g equation in your economic model. But the assumed constant k is a big problem too!

 

During the 1989 perestroika-for-India project-conference, Professor Friedman referred to his 1955 experience in India and said this about the assumption of a constant k:

 

“I think there was an enormously important point… That was the almost universal acceptance at that time of the view that there was a sort of technologically fixed capital output ratio. That if you wanted to develop, you just had to figure out how much capital you needed, used as a statistical technological capital output ratio, and by God the next day you could immediately tell what output you were going to achieve. That was a large part of the motivation behind some of the measures that were taken then.”

 

The crucial problem of the sort of growth-model from which your formulation relating savings to growth arises is that, with a constant k, you have necessarily neglected the real source of economic growth, which is technological progress!

 

I said in the 2007 article referred to above:

 

“Economic growth in India as elsewhere arises not because of what politicians and bureaucrats do in capital cities, but because of spontaneous technological progress, improved productivity and learning-by-doing on part of the general population. Technological progress is a very general notion, and applies to any and every production activity or commercial transaction that now can be accomplished more easily or using fewer inputs than before.”

 

In “Growth and Government Delusion” published in The Statesman last year, I described the growth process more fully like this:

 

“The mainsprings of real growth in the wealth of the individual, and so of the nation, are greater practical learning, increases in capital resources and improvements in technology. Deeper skills and improved dexterity cause output produced with fewer inputs than before, i.e. greater productivity. Adam Smith said there is “invention of a great number of machines which facilitate and abridge labour, and enable one man to do the work of many”. Consider a real life example. A fresh engineering graduate knows dynamometers are needed in testing and performance-certification of diesel engines. He strips open a meter, finds out how it works, asks engine manufacturers what design improvements they want to see, whether they will buy from him if he can make the improvement. He finds out prices and properties of machine tools needed and wages paid currently to skilled labour, calculates expected revenues and costs, and finally tries to persuade a bank of his production plans, promising to repay loans from his returns. Overcoming restrictions of religion or caste, the secular agent is spurred by expectation of future gains to approach various others with offers of contract, and so organize their efforts into one. If all his offers ~ to creditors, labour, suppliers ~ are accepted he is, for the moment, in business. He may not be for long ~ but if he succeeds his actions will have caused an improvement in design of dynamometers and a reduction in the cost of diesel engines, as well as an increase in the economy’s produced means of production (its capital stock) and in the value of contracts made. His creditors are more confident of his ability to repay, his buyers of his product quality, he himself knows more of his workers’ skills, etc. If these people enter a second and then a third and fourth set of contracts, the increase in mutual trust in coming to agreement will quickly decline in relation to the increased output of capital goods. The first source of increasing returns to scale in production, and hence the mainspring of real economic growth, arises from the successful completion of exchange. Transforming inputs into outputs necessarily takes time, and it is for that time the innovator or entrepreneur or “capitalist” or “adventurer” must persuade his creditors to trust him, whether bankers who have lent him capital or workers who have lent him labour. The essence of the enterprise (or “firm”) he tries to get underway consists of no more than the set of contracts he has entered into with the various others, his position being unique because he is the only one to know who all the others happen to be at the same time. In terms introduced by Professor Frank Hahn, the entrepreneur transforms himself from being “anonymous” to being “named” in the eyes of others, while also finding out qualities attaching to the names of those encountered in commerce. Profits earned are partly a measure of the entrepreneur’s success in this simultaneous process of discovery and advertisement. Another potential entrepreneur, fresh from engineering college, may soon pursue the pioneer’s success and start displacing his product in the market ~ eventually chasers become pioneers and then get chased themselves, and a process of dynamic competition would be underway. As it unfolds, anonymous and obscure graduates from engineering colleges become by dint of their efforts and a little luck, named and reputable firms and perhaps founders of industrial families. Multiply this simple story many times, with a few million different entrepreneurs and hundreds of thousands of different goods and services, and we shall be witnessing India’s actual Industrial Revolution, not the fake promise of it from self-seeking politicians and bureaucrats.”

 

 

Technological progress in a myriad of ways and discovery of new resources are important factors contributing to India’s growth today. But while India’s “real” economy does well, the “nominal” paper-money economy controlled by Government does not. Continuous deficit financing for half a century has led to exponential growth of public debt and broad money, and, as noted, the vast growth of nominal bank-deposits has been misinterpreted as indicating unusually high real savings behaviour when it in fact may just signal vast amounts of government debt being held by our nationalised banks. These bank assets may be liquid domestically but are illiquid internationally since our government debt is not held by domestic households as voluntary savings nor has it been a liquid asset held worldwide in foreign portfolios.

 

 

What politicians of all parties, especially your own and the BJP and CPI-M since they are the three largest, have been presiding over is exponential growth of our paper money supply, which has even reached 22% per annum. Parliament and the Government should be taking honest responsibility for this because it may certainly portend double-digit inflation (i.e., decline in the value of paper-money) perhaps as high as 14%-15% per annum, something that is certain to affect the aam admi’s economic welfare adversely.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

6. Selling Government assets to Big Business is a bad idea in a potentially hyperinflationary economy

 

 

Respected PradhanMantriji, the record would show that I, and really I alone, 25 years ago, may have been the first among Indian economists to advocate  the privatisation of the public sector. (Viz, “Silver Jubilee of Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India”.) In spite of this, I have to say clearly now that in present circumstances of a potentially hyperinflationary economy created by your Government and its predecessors, I believe your Government’s present plans to sell Government assets may be an exceptionally unwise and imprudent idea. The reasoning is very simple from within monetary economics.

 

Government every year has produced paper rupees and bank deposits in practically unlimited amounts to pay for its practically unlimited deficit financing, and it has behaved thus over decades. Such has been the nature of the macroeconomic process that all Indian political parties have been part of, whether they are aware of it or not.

 

Indian Big Business has an acute sense of this long-term nominal/paper expansion of India’s economy, and acts towards converting wherever possible its own hoards of paper rupees and rupee-denominated assets into more valuable portfolios for itself of real or durable assets, most conspicuously including hard-currency denominated assets, farm-land and urban real-estate, and, now, the physical assets of the Indian public sector. Such a path of trying to transform local domestic paper assets – produced unlimitedly by Government monetary and fiscal policy and naturally destined to depreciate — into real durable assets, is a privately rational course of action to follow in an inflationary economy. It is not rocket-science to realise the long-term path of rupee-denominated assets is downwards in comparison to the hard-currencies of the world – just compare our money supply growth and inflation rates with those of the rest of the world.

 

The Statesman of November 16 2006 had a lead editorial titled Government’s land-fraud: Cheating peasants in a hyperinflation-prone economy which said:

 

 

“There is something fundamentally dishonourable about the way the Centre, the state of West Bengal and other state governments are treating the issue of expropriating peasants, farm-workers, petty shop-keepers etc of their small plots of land in the interests of promoters, industrialists and other businessmen. Singur may be but one example of a phenomenon being seen all over the country: Hyderabad, Karnataka, Kerala, Haryana, everywhere. So-called “Special Economic Zones” will merely exacerbate the problem many times over. India and its governments do not belong only to business and industrial lobbies, and what is good for private industrialists may or may not be good for India’s people as a whole. Economic development does not necessarily come to be defined by a few factories or high-rise housing complexes being built here or there on land that has been taken over by the Government, paying paper-money compensation to existing stakeholders, and then resold to promoters or industrialists backed by powerful political interest-groups on a promise that a few thousand new jobs will be created. One fundamental problem has to do with inadequate systems of land-description and definition, implementation and recording of property rights. An equally fundamental problem has to do with fair valuation of land owned by peasants etc. in terms of an inconvertible paper-money. Every serious economist knows that “land” is defined as that specific factor of production and real asset whose supply is fixed and does not increase in response to its price. Every serious economist also knows that paper-money is that nominal asset whose price can be made to catastrophically decline by a massive increase in its supply, i.e. by Government printing more of the paper it holds a monopoly to print. For Government to compensate people with paper-money it prints itself by valuing their land on the basis of an average of the price of the last few years, is for Government to cheat them of the fair present-value of the land. That present-value of land must be calculated in the way the present-value of any asset comes to be calculated, namely, by summing the likely discounted cash-flows of future values. And those future values should account for the likelihood of a massive future inflation causing decline in the value of paper-money in view of the fact we in India have a domestic public debt of some Rs. 30 trillion (Rs. 30 lakh crore) and counting, and money supply growth rates averaging 16-17% per annum. In fact, a responsible Government would, given the inconvertible nature of the rupee, have used foreign exchange or gold as the unit of account in calculating future-values of the land. India’s peasants are probably being cheated by their Government of real assets whose value is expected to rise, receiving nominal paper assets in compensation whose value is expected to fall.”

 

Shortly afterwards the Hon’ble MP for Kolkata Dakshin, Km Mamata Banerjee, started her protest fast, riveting the nation’s attention in the winter of 2006-2007. What goes for government buying land on behalf of its businessman friends also goes, mutatis mutandis, for the public sector’s real assets being bought up by the private sector using domestic paper money in a potentially hyperinflationary economy. If your new Government wishes to see real assets of the public sector being sold for paper money, let it seek to value these assets not in inconvertible rupees that Government itself has been producing in unlimited quantities but perhaps in forex or gold-units instead!

 

 

In the 2004-2005 volume Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution: How it Happened and What it Meant, edited by myself and Professor John Clarke, there is a chapter by Professor Patrick Minford on Margaret Thatcher’s fiscal and monetary policy (macroeconomics) that was placed ahead of the chapter by Professor Martin Ricketts on Margaret Thatcher’s privatisation (microeconomics). India’s fiscal and monetary or macroeconomic problems are far worse today than Britain’s were when Margaret Thatcher came to power. We need to get our macroeconomic problems sorted before we attempt the  microeconomic privatisation of public assets.

 

It is wonderful that your young party colleague, the Hon’ble MP from Amethi, Shri Rahul Gandhi, has declined to join the present Government and instead wishes to reflect further on the “common man” and “common woman” about whom I had described his late father talking to me on September 18 1990. Certainly the aam admi is not someone to be found among India’s lobbyists of organised Big Business or organised Big Labour who have tended to control government agendas from the big cities.

 

With my warmest personal regards and respect, I remain,

Cordially yours

Subroto Roy, PhD (Cantab.), BScEcon (London)

 

see also https://independentindian.com/thoughts-words-deeds-my-work-1973-2010/rajiv-gandhi-and-the-origins-of-indias-1991-economic-reform/did-jagdish-bhagwati-originate-pioneer-intellectually-father-indias-1991-economic-reform-did-manmohan-singh-or-did-i-through-my-e/

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Parliament is supposed to control the Government, not be bullied or intimidated by it: Will Rahul Gandhi be able to lead the Backbenches in the 15th Lok Sabha?

Any Lok Sabha MP who neither sits with the Opposition nor is a sworn-in member of the Government is a Backbench MP of the Government party or its coalition.

Shrimati Sonia Gandhi is the most prominent of such Backbench MPs in the 15th Lok Sabha, just as she was of the 14th Lok Sabha, and has chosen to be in a most peculiar position from the point of view of parliamentary law. As the leader of the largest parliamentary party, she could have been not merely a member of the Government but its Prime Minister. She has in fact had a decisive role in determining the composition of the Manmohan Government as well as its policies. She in fact sits on the Frontbenches in the Lok Sabha along with the Manmohan Government. But she is not a member of the Government and is, formally speaking, a Backbench MP who is choosing to sit in the Frontbenches.

(Dr Manmohan Singh himself, not being a member of the Lok Sabha, may, formally speaking, sit or speak from among the Frontbenches of his own Government only by invitation of the Lok Sabha Speaker as a courtesy – such would have been the cardinal reason why Alec Douglas-Home resigned from being Lord Home and instead stood for a House of Commons seat when he was appointed British Prime Minister.)

Sonia Gandhi’s son, Mr Rahul Gandhi, is also a Backbench MP. From all accounts, including that of Dr Singh himself, he could have been a member of Dr Singh’s Government but has specifically chosen not to be. He has appeared to have had some much lesser role than Sonia Gandhi in determining the composition of the Government and its policies but he is not a member of it. He is, formally speaking, a Backbench MP, indeed the most prominent to actually sit in the Backbenches, as he had done in the 14th Lok Sabha, which, it is to be hoped, he does in the 15th Lok Sabha too.

Now Rahul Gandhi, Sonia Gandhi and their 541 other fellow 15th Lok Sabha MPs were declared winners by May 16 2009 having won the Indian people’s vote.

(Incidentally, I predicted the outcome here two hours before polls closed on May 13 – how I did so is simply by having done the necessary work of determining that some 103 million people had voted for Congress in 2004 against some 86 million for the BJP; in my assessment Congress had done more than enough by way of political rhetoric and political reality to maintain if not extend that difference in 2009, i.e., the BJP had not done nearly enough to even begin to get enough of a net drift in its favour. I expect when the data are out it shall be seen that the margin of the raw vote between them has been much enlarged from 2004.)

As I have pointed out here over the last fortnight, there was no legal or logical reason why the  whole 15th Lok Sabha could not have been sworn in latest by May 18 2009.

Instead, Dr Manmohan Singh on May 18 held a purported “Cabinet” meeting of the defunct 14th Lok Sabha – an institution that had been automatically dissolved when Elections had been first announced! The Government then went about forming itself over two weeks despite the 15th Lok Sabha, on whose confidence it depended for its political legitimacy, not having been allowed to meet. Everyone – the Congress Party’s Supreme Court advocates, the Lok Sabha Secretariat, the Election Commission, Rashtrapati Bhavan too –  seems to have gotten it awfully wrong by placing the cart before the horse.

In our system it is Parliament that is sovereign, not the Executive Government. In fact the Executive is accountable to Parliament, specifically the Lok Sabha, and is supposed to be guided by it as well as hold its confidence at all times.

What has happened instead this time is that Government ministers have been busy taking oaths and entering their offices and making policy-decisons days before they have taken their oaths and their seats as Lok Sabha MPs!  The Government has thus started off by diminishing Parliament’s sovereignty and this should not be allowed to happen again.

(Of course why it took place is because of the peculiarity of the victory relative to our experience in recent decades – nobody could remember parliamentary traditions from Nehru’s time in the 1950s.  Even so, someone, e.g. the former Speaker, should have known and insisted upon explaining the relevant aspect of parliamentary law and hence avoided this breach.)

A central question now is whether a Government which has such a large majority, and which is led by someone in and has numerous ministers from the Rajya Sabha, is going to be adequately controlled and feel itself accountable to the Lok Sabha.

Neither of the Lok Sabha’s most prominent Backbenchers, Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi, have thus far distinguished themselves as Parliamentarians on the floor of the Lok Sabha. In the 14th Lok Sabha, Sonia Gandhi, sitting in the Frontbenches, exercised the  enormous control that she did over the Government not on the floor of the House itself but  from outside it.

It would be best of all if she chose in the 15th Lok Sabha to actually physically sit in the Congress’s Backbenches because that would ensure best that the Government Party’s ministers in the Frontbenches will keep having to seek to be accountable to the  Backbenches!

But this seems unlikely to happen in view of the fact she herself seems to have personally influenced the choice of a Speaker for the 15th Lok Sabha and it may be instead expected that she continues to sit on the Frontbenches with the Government without being a member of it.

That leaves Rahul Gandhi. If he too comes to be persuaded by the sycophants to sit on the Frontbenches with the Government, that will not be a healthy sign.

On the other hand, if he continues to sit on the Backbenches, he may be able to have a salubrious influence on the 15th Lok Sabha fulfilling its responsibility of seeking to seriously control and hold accountable the Executive Government,  and not be bullied or intimidated by it. His paternal grandfather, Feroze Gandhi, after all, may have been India’s most eminent and effective Backbench MP yet.

Subroto Roy, Kolkata

How tightly will organised Big Business be able to control economic policies this time?

The power of organised Big Business over New Delhi’s economic policies (whether Congress-led or BJP-led) was signalled by the presence in the audience at Rashtrapati Bhavan last week of several prominent lobbyists when Dr Manmohan Singh and his senior-most Cabinet colleagues were being sworn-in by the President of India. Why were such witnesses needed at such an auspicious national occasion?

Organised Big Business (both private sector and public sector) along with organised Big Labour (whose interests are represented most ably by New Delhi’s official communist parties like the CPI-M and CPI), are astutely aware of how best to advance their own economic interests; this usually gets assisted nicely enough through clever use of our comprador English-language TV, newspaper and magazine media. Shortly after the election results, lobbyists were all over commercial TV proposing things like FDI in insurance and airports etc– as if that was the meaning of the Sonia-Rahul mandate or were issues of high national priority. A typical piece of such “pretend-economics” appears in today’s business-press from a formerly Leftist Indian bureaucrat: “With its decisive victory, the new Manmohan Singh government should at last be able to implement the required second generation reforms. Their lineaments (sic) are well known and with the removal of the Left’s veto, many of those stalled in the legislature as well as those which were forestalled can now be implemented. These should be able to put India back on a 9-10 per cent per annum growth rate…”

Today’s business-press also reports that the new Government is planning to create a fresh “Disinvestment Ministry” and Dr Singh’s chief economic policy aide is “a frontrunner among the names short-listed to head the new ministry” with Cabinet rank.

Now if any enterprising doctoral student was to investigate the question, I think the evidence would show that I, and I alone – not even BR Shenoy or AD Shroff or Jagdish Bhagwati — may have been the first among Indian economists to have argued in favour of the privatisation of India’s public sector. I did so precisely 25 years ago in Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India, which was so unusual for its time that it attracted the lead editorial of The Times of London on the day it was published May 29 1984, and had its due impact on Indian economic policy then and since, as has been described elsewhere here.  In 1990-1991 while with Rajiv Gandhi, I had floated an idea of literally giving away shares of the public sector to the public that owned it (as several other countries had been doing at that time), specifically perhaps giving them to the poorest panchayats in aid of their development.  In 2004-2005, upon returning to Britain after many years, I helped create the book Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution: How it Happened and What it Meant, and Margaret Thatcher if anyone was a paragon of privatisation.

That being said, I have to say I think a new Indian policy of creating a Ministry to privatise India’s public sector is probably a very BAD idea indeed in present circumstances — mainly because it will be driven by the interests of the organised Big Business lobbies that have so profoundly and subtly been able to control the New Delhi Government’s behaviour in recent decades.

Such lobbyist control is exercised often without the Government even realising or comprehending its parameters. For example, ask yourself: Is there any record anywhere of Dr Manmohan Singh, in his long career as a Government economist and then as a Rajya Sabha MP, having ever proposed before 2004-2005 that nuclear reactors were something vitally important to India’s future? And why do you suppose the most prominent Indian business lobby spent a million dollars and registered itself as an official lobbyist in Washington DC to promote the nuclear deal among American legislators? Because Big Business was feeling generous and altruistic towards the “energy security” of the ordinary people of India? Hardly.  Indian Big Business calculates and acts in its own interests, as is only to be expected under economic assumptions; those interests are frequently camouflaged by their lobbyist and media friends into seeming to be economic policy for the country as a whole.

Now our Government every year produces paper rupees and bank deposits in  practically unlimited amounts to pay for its practically unlimited deficit financing, and it has behaved thus over decades. Why we do not hear about this at all is because the most prominent Government economists themselves remain clueless — sometimes by choice, mostly by sheer ignorance — about the nature of the macroeconomic process that they are or have been part of.  (See my  “India’s Macroeconomics”, “The Dream Team: A Critique” etc elsewhere here). As for the Opposition’s economists, the less said about the CPI-M’s economists the better while the BJP, poor thing, has absolutely no economists at all!

Briefly speaking, Indian Big Business has acquired an acute sense of this long-term nominal/paper expansion of India’s economy, and as a result acts towards converting wherever possible its own hoards of paper rupees and rupee-denominated assets into more valuable portfolios for itself of real or durable assets, most conspicuously including hard-currency denominated assets, farm-land and urban real-estate, and, now, the physical assets of the Indian public sector. Such a path of trying to transform local domestic paper assets – produced unlimitedly by Government monetary and fiscal policy and naturally destined to depreciate — into real durable assets, is a privately rational course of action to follow in an inflationary economy.  It is not rocket-science  to realise the long-term path of the Indian rupee is downwards in comparison to the hard-currencies of the world – just compare our money supply growth and inflation rates with those of the rest of the world.

The Statesman of November 15 2006 had a lead editorial titled Government’s land-fraud: Cheating peasants in a hyperinflation-prone economy. It said:

“There is something fundamentally dishonourable about the way the Centre, the state of West Bengal and other state governments are treating the issue of expropriating peasants, farm-workers, petty shop-keepers etc of their small plots of land in the interests of promoters, industrialists and other businessmen. Singur may be but one example of a phenomenon being seen all over the country: Hyderabad, Karnataka, Kerala, Haryana, everywhere. So-called “Special Economic Zones” will merely exacerbate the problem many times over. India and its governments do not belong only to business and industrial lobbies, and what is good for private industrialists may or may not be good for India’s people as a whole. Economic development does not necessarily come to be defined by a few factories or high-rise housing complexes being built here or there on land that has been taken over by the Government, paying paper-money compensation to existing stakeholders, and then resold to promoters or industrialists backed by powerful political interest-groups on a promise that a few thousand new jobs will be created. One fundamental problem has to do with inadequate systems of land-description and definition, implementation and recording of property rights. An equally fundamental problem has to do with fair valuation of land owned by peasants etc. in terms of an inconvertible paper-money. Every serious economist knows that “land” is defined as that specific factor of production and real asset whose supply is fixed and does not increase in response to its price. Every serious economist also knows that paper-money is that nominal asset whose price can be made to catastrophically decline by a massive increase in its supply, i.e. by Government printing more of the paper it holds a monopoly to print. For Government to compensate people with paper-money it prints itself by valuing their land on the basis of an average of the price of the last few years, is for Government to cheat them of the fair present-value of the land. That present-value of land must be calculated in the way the present-value of any asset comes to be calculated, namely, by summing the likely discounted cash-flows of future values. And those future values should account for the likelihood of a massive future inflation causing decline in the value of paper-money in view of the fact we in India have a domestic public debt of some Rs. 30 trillion (Rs. 30 lakh crore) and counting, and money supply growth rates averaging 16-17% per annum. In fact, a responsible Government would, given the inconvertible nature of the rupee, have used foreign exchange or gold as the unit of account in calculating future-values of the land. India’s peasants are probably being cheated by their Government of real assets whose value is expected to rise, receiving nominal paper assets in compensation whose value is expected to fall.”

Mamata Banerjee started her famous protest fast-unto-death in Kolkata not long afterwards, riveting the nation’s attention in the winter of 2006-2007.

What goes for the government buying land on behalf of its businessman friends also goes, mutatis mutandis, for the public sector’s real assets being bought up by the private sector using domestic paper money in a potentially hyperinflationary economy.  If Dr Singh’s new Government wishes to see real public sector assets being sold, let the Government seek to value these assets not in inconvertible rupees which the Government itself has been producing in unlimited quantities but rather in forex or gold-units instead!

Today’s headline says “Short of cash, govt. plans to revive disinvestment ministry”. Big Business’s powerful lobbies will suggest  that real public assets must be sold  (to whom? to organised Big Business of course!) in order to solve the grave fiscal problems in an inflationary economy caused precisely by those grave  fiscal problems! What I said in 2002 at IndiaSeminar may still be found to apply: I said the BJP’s privatisation ideas “deserve to be condemned…because they have made themselves believe that the proceeds of selling the public sector should merely go into patching up the bleeding haemorrhage which is India’s fiscal and monetary situation… (w)hile…Congress were largely responsible for that haemorrhage to have occurred in the first place.”

If the new Government would like to know how to proceed more wisely, they need to read and grasp, in the book edited by myself and Professor John Clarke in 2004-2005, the chapter by Professor Patrick Minford on Margaret Thatcher’s fiscal and monetary policy (macroeconomics) before they read the chapter by Professor Martin Ricketts on Margaret Thatcher’s privatisation (microeconomics).  India’s fiscal and monetary or macroeconomic problems are far worse today than Britain’s were when Thatcher came in.

During the recent Election Campaign, I contrasted Dr Singh’s flattering praise in 2005 of the CPI-M’s Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee with Sonia Gandhi’s pro-Mamata line in 2009 saying the CPI-M had taken land away from the poor.  This may soon signal a new fault-line in the new Cabinet too on economic policy with respect to not only land but also public sector privatisation – with Dr Singh’s pro-Big Business acolytes on one side and Mamata Banerjee’s stance in favour of small-scale unorganised business and labour on the other.  Party heavyweights like Dr Singh himself and Sharad Pawar and Pranab Mukherjee will weigh in one side or the other with Sonia being asked in due course to referee.

I personally am delighted to see the New Rahul Gandhi deciding not to be in Government and to instead reflect further on the “common man” and “common woman” about whom I had described his father talking to me on September 18 1990 at his home. Certainly the “aam admi” is not someone to be found among India’s organised Big Business or organised Big Labour nor their paid lobbyists in the big cities.

Subroto Roy

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Why has the Sonia Congress done something that the Congress under Nehru-Indira-Rajiv would not have done, namely, exaggerate the power of the Rajya Sabha and diminish the power of the Lok Sabha?

We in India did not invent the idea of Parliament, the British did.  Even the British did not invent the idea of a “Premier Ministre”, the French did that, though the British came to develop its meaning most.  Because these are not our own inventions, when something unusual happens in contemporary India to political entities and offices known as “Parliament”, “Prime Minister” etc, contrast and comparison is inevitable with standards and practices that have prevailed around the world in other parliamentary democracies.

Indeed we in India did not even fully invent the idea of our own Parliament though the national struggle led by the original Indian National Congress caused it to come to be invented.  The Lok Sabha is the outcome of a long and distinguished constitutional and political history from the Morley-Minto reforms a century ago to the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms and Government of India Act of 1919 to the Government of India Act of 1935 and the first general elections of British India in 1937 (when Jawaharlal Nehru briefly became PM for the first time) and in due course the 1946 Constituent Assembly.   Out of all this emerged the 1950 Constitution of India, drafted by that brilliant jurist BR Ambedkar as well as other sober intelligent well-educated and dedicated men and women of his time, and thence arose our first Lok Sabha following the 1951 General Elections.

About the Lok Sabha’s duties, I said in my March 30 2006 article “Logic of Democracy” in The Statesman

“What are Lok Sabha Members and State MLAs legitimately required to be doing in caring for their constituents? First of all, as a body as a whole, they need to elect the Government, i.e. the Executive Branch, and to hold it accountable in Parliament or Assembly. For example, the Comptroller and Auditor General submits his reports directly to the House, and it is the duty of individual legislators to put these to good use in controlling the Government’s waste, fraud or abuse of public resources.   Secondly, MPs and MLAs are obviously supposed to literally represent their individual constituencies in the House, i.e. to bring the Government and the House’s attention to specific problems or contingencies affecting their constituents as a whole, and call for the help, funds and sympathy of the whole community on their behalf.  Thirdly, MPs and MLAs are supposed to respond to pleas and petitions of individual constituents, who may need the influence associated with the dignity of their office to get things rightly done. For example, an impoverished orphan lad once needed surgery to remove a brain tumour; a family helping him was promised the free services of a top brain surgeon if a hospital bed and operating theatre could be arranged. It was only by turning to the local MLA that the family were able to get such arrangements made, and the lad had his tumour taken out at a public hospital. MPs and MLAs are supposed to vote for and create public goods and services, and to use their moral suasion to see that existing public services actually do get to reach the public.”

What about the Rajya Sabha?  I said in the same article:

“Rajya Sabha Members are a different species altogether. Most if not all State Legislative Councils have been abolished, and sadly the present nature of the Rajya Sabha causes similar doubts to arise about its utility. The very idea of a Rajya Sabha was first mooted in embryo form in an 1888 book A History of the Native States of India, Vol I. Gwalior, whose author also advocated popular constitutions for the “Indian India” of the “Native States” since “where there are no popular constitutions, the personal character of the ruler becomes a most important factor in the government… evils are inherent in every government where autocracy is not tempered by a free constitution.”  When Victoria was declared India’s “Empress” in 1877, a “Council of the Empire” was mooted but had remained a non-starter even until the 1887 Jubilee. An “Imperial Council” was now designed of the so-called “Native Princes”, which came to evolve into the “Chamber of Princes” which became the “Council of the States” and the Rajya Sabha.  It was patterned mostly on the British and not the American upper house except in being not liable to dissolution, and compelling periodic retirement of a third of members. The American upper house is an equal if not the senior partner of the lower house. Our Rajya Sabha follows the British upper house in being a chamber which is duty-bound to oversee any exuberance in the Lok Sabha but which must ultimately yield to it if there is any dispute.  Parliament in India’s democracy effectively means the Lok Sabha — where every member has contested and won a direct vote in his/her constituency. The British upper house used to have an aristocratic hereditary component which Tony Blair’s New Labour Government has now removed, so it has now been becoming more like what the Rajya Sabha was supposed to have been like.”

The Canadian upper house is similar to ours in intent: a place for “sober second thought” intended to curb the “democratic excesses” of the lower house.   In the Canadian, British, Australian, Irish and our own cases, the Prime Minister, as the chief executive of the lower house has immense indirect power over the upper house, whether in appointing members or even, in the Australian case, dissolving the entire upper house if he/she wishes.

Now yesterday apparently Shrimati Sonia Gandhi, as the duly elected leader of the largest political party in the 15th Lok Sabha, accompanied by Dr Manmohan Singh, as her party’s choice for the position of Prime Minister, went to see the President of India where the Hon’ble President apparently appointed Dr Singh to be the Prime Minister of India – meaning the Prime Minister of the 15th Lok Sabha, except that Dr Singh is not a member of the Lok Sabha and apparently has had no intent of becoming one.

In 2004 Shrimati Gandhi had declined to accept an invitation to become PM and instead effectively recommended Dr Singh to be PM despite his not being a member of the Lok Sabha nor intending to be so.   This exploited a constitutional loophole to the extent that the drafters of our 1950 Constitution happened not to have explicitly stated that the PM must be from the Lok Sabha.  But the reason the founders of our democratic polity such as BR Ambedkar and Jawaharlal Nehru did not specify that the PM must be from the Lok Sabha was quite simply that it was a matter of complete obviousness to them and to their entire generation that this must be so — it would have been  appalling to them and something beyond their wildest imagination that a later generation, namely our own, would exploit such a loophole and allow a PM to be appointed who is not a member of the Lok Sabha and intends not to be so.

Ambedkar, Nehru and all others of their time knew fully well that the history and intended purpose of the Lok Sabha was completely different from the history and intended purpose of the Rajya Sabha.  They knew too fully well that Lord Curzon had been explicitly denied the leadership of Britain’s Tory Party in 1922 because that would have made him a potential PM  when he was not prepared to be a member of the House of Commons.  That specific precedent culminated a centuries’-old  democratic trend of  political power flowing from monarchs to lords to commoners, and has governed all parliamentary democracies  worldwide ever since — until Dr Singh’s appointment in 2004.

When such an anomalous situation once arose in Britain, Lord Home resigned his membership of the House of Lords to contest a House of Commons seat as Sir Alec Douglas Home so that he could be PM in a manner consistent with parliamentary law.

Dr Singh instead for five years remained PM of India while not being a member of the Lok Sabha.  Even if reasons and exigencies of State could have been cited for such an anomalous situation during his first term, there was really no such reason for him not to contest the 2009 General Election if he wished to be the Congress Party’s prime ministerial candidate a second time.  Numerous Rajya Sabha members alongside him have contested Lok Sabha seats this time, and several have won.

As of today, Dr Singh is due to be sworn in tomorrow as Prime Minister for a second term while still having no declared intention of resigning from the Rajya Sabha and contesting a Lok Sabha seat instead.   What the present-day Congress has done is elect him the leader of the “Congress Parliamentary Party” and claim that it is in such a capacity that he received the invitation to be Prime Minister of India.   But surely if the question had been asked to the Congress Party under Nehru or Indira or Rajiv: “Can you foresee a circumstance ever in which the PM of India is not a member of the Lok Sabha?” their answer in each case would have been a categorical and resounding  “no”.

So the question does arise why the Congress under Sonia Gandhi has with deliberation allowed such an anomalous situation to develop.  Its effect is to completely distort the trends of relative political power between the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.  On the one hand, the Lok Sabha’s power is deliberately made to diminish as the chief executive of the Government of India shall not be from the Lok Sabha but from “the other place” despite the Lok Sabha having greater political legitimacy by having been directly elected by India’s people.   This sets a precedent that  might  get repeated in India  in the future but which contradicts the worldwide trend in parliamentary democracies over decades and centuries in precisely the opposite direction –  of power flowing in the direction of the people not away from them.   On the other hand, the fact this anomalous idea has been pioneered by the elected leader of the largest political party in the Lok Sabha while her PM is in the Rajya Sabha causes a member of the lower house to have unexpected control over the upper house when the latter is supposed to be something of an independent check on the former!

It all really seems an unnecessary muddle and a jumbling up of normal constitutional law and parliamentary procedure.  The Sonia-Manmohan Government at the outset of its second term should hardly want to be seen by history as having set a poor precedent using brute force.  The situation can be corrected with the utmost ease by following the Alec Douglas Home example, with Dr Singh being given a relatively safe seat to contest as soon as possible, if necessary by some newly elected Congress MP resigning and allowing a bye-election to be called.

Subroto Roy

Letter to the GoI’s seniormost technical economist, May 21

“May 21 2009    It is wonderful to hear from you and I am honoured to find myself, perhaps accidentally, on the same list as so many of your distinguished colleagues among Government economists.

Your essay is most engaging. I am afraid I disagree with your assessment that the current problems “did not originate in the real sector of the economy” but were “triggered by the excesses of the financial system”. I have said to the contrary There is no clear path to solving the great (alleged) economic and financial crisis because no one wants to admit its roots were the overvaluation (over decades) of American real-estate, and hence American assets in general.”

There is no more real sector than real-estate itself and American real-estate has tended to be overvalued as a result of government policy since the Carter Administration; the accumulated dangers along that path came to explode in the sub-prime crisis. Here as elsewhere in economics, the financial tail has not wagged the non-financial dog but vice versa.

I have also said “(i) foreign central banks might have been left holding more bad US debt than might be remembered, and dollar depreciation and an American inflation seem to be inevitable over the next several years; (ii) all those bad mortgages and foreclosures could vanish within a year or two by playing the demographic card and inviting in a few million new immigrants into the United States; restoring a worldwide idea of an American dream fueled by mass immigration may be the surest way for the American economy to restore itself.”

Re the comparison with the Great Depression, I believe

“there are overriding differences. Most important, the American economy and the world economy are both incomparably larger today in the value of their capital stock, and there has also been enormous technological progress over eight decades. Accordingly, it would take a much vaster event than the present turbulence — say, something like an exchange of multiple nuclear warheads with Russia causing Manhattan and the City of London to be destroyed — before there was a return to something comparable to the 1929 Crash and the Great Depression that followed. Besides, the roots of the crises are different. What happened back then? In 1922, the Genoa Currency Conference wanted to correct the main defect of the pre-1914 gold standard, which was freezing the price of gold while failing to stabilise the purchasing power of money. From 1922 until about 1927, Benjamin Strong of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York adopted price-stabilisation as the new American policy-objective. Britain was off the gold standard and the USA remained on it. The USA, as a major creditor nation, saw massive gold inflows which, by traditional gold standard principles, would have caused a massive inflation. Governor Strong invented the process of “sterilisation” of those gold inflows instead and thwarted the rise in domestic dollar prices of goods and services. Strong’s death in 1928 threw the Federal Reserve System into conflict and intellectual confusion. Dollar stabilisation ended as a policy. Surplus bank money was created on the release of gold that had been previously sterilised. The traditional balance between bulls and bears in the stock-market was upset. Normally, every seller of stock is a bear and every buyer a bull. Now, amateur investors appeared as bulls attracted by the sudden stock price rises, while bears, who sold securities, failed to place their money into deposit and were instead lured into lending it as call money to brokerages who then fuelled these speculative bulls. As of October 22, 1929 about $4 billion was the extent of such speculative lending when Chase National Bank’s customers called in their money. Chase National had to follow their instructions, as did other New York banks. New York’s Stock Exchange could hardly respond to a demand for $4 billion at a short notice and collapsed. Within a year, production had fallen by 26 per cent, prices by 14 per cent, personal income by 14 per cent, and the Greatest Depression of recorded history was in progress — involuntary unemployment levels in America reaching 25 per cent. That is not, by any reading, what we have today. Yes, there has been plenty of bad lending, plenty of duping shareholders and workers and plenty of excessive managerial payoffs. It will all take a large toll, and affect markets across the world. But it will be a toll relative to our plush comfortable modern standards, not those of 1929-1933. In fact, modern decision-makers have the obvious advantage that they can look back at history and know what is not to be done. The US and the world economy are resilient enough to ride over even the extra uncertainty arising from the ongoing presidential campaign, and then some.”

These quotes are from recent publications and may be found most easily under “America’s financial crises” at my site http://www.independentindian.com.

What may be of interest to the Government of India’s economists also may be a sample of my recent short articles on India’s monetary and fiscal economics based on my research beginning with my doctoral work under Frank Hahn at Cambridge in the 1970s and followed by my work with James Buchanan and Milton Friedman in America in the 1980s and 1990s and later. One of these is even named “The Rangarajan Effect” which I first defined at a seminar invited by Dr Jadav at the RBI in May 2005!

“Rangarajan Effect”

Monetary Integrity and the Rupee (2008)

India’s Macroeconomics (2007)

Fiscal Instability

https://independentindian.com/2008/07/16/india-in-world-trade-payments/

Fallacious Finance: Congress, BJP, CPI-M et al may be leading India to hyperinflation (2007)

Our Policy Process: Self-Styled “Planners” Have Controlled India’s Paper Money For Decades

Growth of Real Income, Money & Prices in India 1869-2008

https://independentindian.com/2008/07/17/growth-government-delusion/

https://independentindian.com/2008/07/09/indian-inflation-upside-down-economics-from-new-delhis-establishment/

How to Budget: Thrift, Not Theft, Needs to Guide Our Public Finances

A Note on the Indian Policy Process

With warm regards,

Cordially,

Subroto Roy, PhD (Cantab.), BScEcon(London)

Sometime Adviser to the Late Rajiv Gandhi, 1990-1991

India’s General Elections: 543 Matrices to Help Ordinary Citizens Audit the Election Commission’s Vote-Tallies

I do not know if anyone in India audits or checks the Election Commission’s arithmetic and procedures.   Certainly the EC seems to leave a great deal to be desired by its slowness, its high-handedness and its obscurity/lack of transparency.   I have said previously that this may be a result of obsolescent technology and management and organisation — problems that may be common across many departments of the Government of India and our State Governments.

Here then are the elements of  a tool for use of ordinary citizens which may allow everyone to check the arithmetic involved in the EC’s counting of those hundreds of millions of votes all of us have cast in the 2009 General Elections.

On the vertical axis is supposed to be the list, by Parliamentary Constituency, of all 8,070 candidates who have contested the polls to the 15th Lok Sabha.

On the horizontal axis is supposed to be a series of 543 lists of Assembly Segments for each Constituency.  Please note that the horizontal axis has had to be truncated for lack of space after only ten such segments;  this covers the vast majority of Constituencies but there are a dozen or so in Goa, J&K, Arunachal, Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura which are not complete as they each have many more than 10.

So altogether here are the elements of a series of 543 matrices, one for each Lok Sabha Constituency, which may help ordinary citizens engage in a process of themselves auditing the EC’s declared results.

Or, at the very least, the 543 matrices would act as a score-card, and in this nation of cricket-fans, everyone loves a score-card.

(The text below will have to be adjusted appropriately to get the right format, columns etc.)

Subroto Roy

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SIRPUR-1     ASIFABAD-5     KHANAPUR-6     ADILABAD-7     BOATH-8     NIRMAL-9
MUDHOLE-10
S01-1-AP-ADILABAD     1ADE TUKARAM     BJP
2KOTNAK RAMESH     INC
3RATHOD RAMESH     TDP
4RATHOD SADASHIV NAIK     BSP
5MESRAM NAGO RAO     PRAP
6ATHRAM LAXMAN RAO     IND
7GANTA PENTANNA     IND
8NETHAVAT RAMDAS     IND
9BANKA SAHADEVU     IND
CHENNUR-2     BELLAMPALLY-3     MANCHERIAL-4     DHARMAPURI-22     RAMAGUNDAM-23
MANTHANI-24     PEDDAPALLE-25
S01-2-AP-PEDDAPALLE     1GAJJELA SWAMY     BSP
2GOMASA SRINIVAS     TRS
3MATHANGI NARSIAH     BJP
4DRGVIVEKANAND     INC
5AREPELLI DAVID RAJU     PRAP
6KRISHNA SABBALI     MCPI(S)
7AMBALA MAHENDAR     IND
8A KAMALAMMA     IND
9GORRE RAMESH     IND
10NALLALA KANUKAIAH     IND
11B MALLAIAH     IND
12K RAJASWARI     IND
13D RAMULU     IND
14GVINAY KUMAR     IND
15SLAXMAIAH     IND
KARIMNAGAR-26     CHOPPADANDI-27     VEMULAWADA-28     SIRCILLA-29
MANAKONDUR-30     HUZURABAD-31     HUSNABAD-32
S01-3-AP-KARIMNAGAR     1CHANDUPATLA JANGA REDDY     BJP
2PONNAM PRABHAKAR     INC
3VINOD KUMAR BOINAPALLY     TRS
4VIRESHAM NALIMELA     BSP
5RAGULA RAMULU     RPI(A)
6LINGAMPALLI SRINIVAS REDDY     MCPI(S)
7VELICHALA RAJENDER RAO     PRAP
8T SRIMANNARAYANA     PPOI
9K PRABHAKAR     IND
10KORIVI VENUGOPAL     IND
11BARIGE GATTAIAH YADAV     IND
12GADDAM RAJI REDDY     IND
13PANAKANTI SATISH KUMAR     IND
14PEDDI RAVINDER     IND
15B SURESH     IND
ARMUR-11     BODHAN-12     NIZAMABAD (URBAN)-17     NIZAMABAD (RURAL)-18
BALKONDA-19     KORATLA-20     JAGTIAL-21
S01-4-AP-NIZAMABAD     1DR BAPU REDDY     BJP
2BIGALA GANESH GUPTA     TRS
3MADHU YASKHI GOUD     INC
4YEDLA RAMU     BSP
5DUDDEMPUDI SAMBASIVA RAO CHOUDARY     LSP
6PVINAY KUMAR     PRAP
7DR VSATHYANARAYANA MURTHY     PPOI
8S SUJATHA     TPPP
9AARIS MOHAMMED     IND
10KANDEM PRABHAKAR     IND
11GADDAM SRINIVAS     IND
12RAPELLY SRINIVAS     IND
JUKKAL-13     BANSWADA-14     YELLAREDDY-15     KAMAREDDY-16     NARAYANKHED-35
ANDOLE-36     ZAHIRABAD-38
S01-5-AP-ZAHIRABAD     1CHENGAL BAGANNA     BJP
2MVISHNU MUDIRAJ     BSP
3SYED YOUSUF ALI     TRS
4SURESH KUMAR SHETKAR     INC
5BENJAMIN RAJU     IJP
6MALKAPURAM SHIVA KUMAR     PRAP
7MALLESH RAVINDER REDDY     LSP
8CHITTA RAJESHWAR RAO     IND
9POWAR SINGH HATTI SINGH     IND
10BASAVA RAJ PATIL     IND
SIDDIPET-33     MEDAK-34     NARSAPUR-37     SANGAREDDY-39     PATANCHERU-40
DUBBAK-41     GAJWEL-42
S01-6-AP-MEDAK     1NARENDRANATH C     INC
2P NIROOP REDDY     BJP
3VIJAYA SHANTHI M     TRS
4Y SHANKAR GOUD     BSP
5KOVURI PRABHAKAR     PPOI
6KHAJA QUAYUM ANWAR     PRAP
7D YADESHWAR     BSP(AP)
8K SUDHEER REDDY     LSP
9KUNDETI RAVI     IND
MEDCHAL-43     MALKAJGIRI-44     QUTHBULLAPUR-45     KUKATPALLY-46     UPPAL-47
LAL BAHADUR NAGAR-49     SECUNDERABAD CANTT.-71
S01-7-AP-MALKAJGIRI     1NALLU INDRASENA REDDY     BJP
2MBABU RAO PADMA SALE     BSP
3BHEEMSENT     TDP
4SARVEY SATYANARAYANA     INC
5SDKRISHNA MURTHY     TPPP
6TDEVENDER GOUD     PRAP
7NARENDER KUMBALA     BPD
8PRATHANI RAMAKRISHNA     RKSP
9LION C FRANCIS MJF     SP
10N V RAMA REDDY     PPOI
11DRLAVU RATHAIAH     LSP
12KANTE KANAKAIAH GANGAPUTHRA     IND
13KOYAL KAR BHOJARAJ     IND
14CHENURU VENKATA SUBBA RAO     IND
15JAJULA BHASKAR     IND
16LTCOL RETD DUSERLA PAPARAIDU     IND
17MDMANSOORALI     IND
18SVICTOR     IND
19KSRINIVASA RAJU     IND
MUSHEERABAD-57     AMBERPET-59     KHAIRATABAD-60     JUBILEE HILLS-61     SANATH
NAGAR-62     NAMPALLI-63     SECUNDRABAD-70
S01-8-AP-SECUNDRABAD     1ANJAN KUMAR YADAV M     INC
2BANDARU DATTATREYA     BJP
3M D MAHMOOD ALI     TRS
4M VENKATESH     BSP
5SRINIVASA SUDHISH RAMBHOTLA     TDP
6ABDUS SATTAR MUJAHED     MUL
7IMDAD JAH     ANC
8P DAMODER REDDY     PPOI
9DR DASOJU SRAVAN KUMAR     PRAP
10S DEVAIAH     TPPP
11CVL NARASIMHA RAO     LSP
12DR POLISHETTY RAM MOHAN     SAP
13MOHD OSMAN QURESHEE     AJBP
14SHIRAZ KHAN     UWF
15ASEERVADAM LELLAPALLI     IND
16AMBATI KRISHNA MURTHY     IND
17B GOPALA KRISHNA     IND
18DEVI DAS RAO GHODKE     IND
19BABER ALI KHAN     IND
20M BHAGYA MATHA     IND
21CH MURAHARI     IND
22G RAJAIAH     IND
23K SRINIVASA CHARI     IND
MALAKPET-58     KARWAN-64     GOSHAMAHAL-65     CHARMINAR-66
CHANDRAYANGUTTA-67     YAKUTPURA-68     BAHDURPURA-69
S01-9-AP-HYDERABAD     1ZAHID ALI KHAN     TDP
2P LAXMAN RAO GOUD     INC
3SATISH AGARWAL     BJP
4SAMY MOHAMMED     BSP
5ASADUDDIN OWAISI     AIMIM
6S GOPAL SINGH     ABJS
7TAHER KAMAL KHUNDMIRI     JD(S)
8FATIMA A     PRAP
9P VENKATESWARA RAO     PPOI
10D SURENDER     TPPP
11ALKASARY MOULLIM MOHSIN HUSSAIN     IND
12ALTAF AHMED KHAN     IND
13MA QUDDUS GHORI     IND
14ZAHID ALI KHAN     IND
15MA BASITH     IND
16MD OSMAN     IND
17B RAVI YADAV     IND
18NL SRINIVAS     IND
19MA SATTAR     IND
20D SADANAND     IND
21SYED ABDUL GAFFTER     IND
22SARDAR SINGH     IND
23MA HABEEB     IND
MAHESHWARAM-50     RAJENDRANAGAR-51     SERILINGAMPALLY-52     CHEVELLA-53
PARGI-54     VICARADAB-55     TANDUR-56
S01-10-AP-CHELVELLA     1JAIPAL REDDY SUDINI     INC
2APJITHENDER REDDY     TDP
3BADDAM BAL REDDY     BJP
4CSRINIVAS RAO     BSP
5KASANI GNANESHWAR     MANP
6KUMMARI GIRI     PPOI
7DASARA SARALA DEVI     MCPI(S)
8DRBRAGHUVEER REDDY     LSP
9SAMA SRINIVASULU     GRIP
10SMALLA REDDY     IND
11GMALLESHAM GOUD     IND
12RAMESHWARAM JANGAIAH     IND
13LAXMINARAYANA     IND
14VENKATRAM NAIK     IND
15SAYAMOOLA NARSIMULU     IND
KODANGAL-72     NARAYANPET-73     MAHBUBNAGAR-74     JADCHERLA-75
DEVARKADRA-76     MAKTHAL-77     SHADNAGAR-84
S01-11-AP-MAHBUBNAGAR     1KUCHAKULLA YADAGIRI REDDY     BJP
2K CHANDRASEKHAR RAO     TRS
3DEVARAKONDA VITTAL RAO     INC
4PALEM SUDARSHAN GOUD     BSP
5ABDUL KAREEM KHAJA MOHAMMAD     LSP
6ASIRVADAM     GRIP
7KOLLA VENKATESH MADIGA     TPPP
8GUNDALA VIJAYALAKSHMI     PPOI
9B BALRAJ GOUD     MANP
10MUNISWAMYCR     SJP(R)
11USHAN SATHYAMMA     IND
12USAIN RANGAMMA     IND
13YETTI CHINNA YENKAIAH     IND
14YETTI LINGAIAH     IND
15KANDUR KURMAIAH     IND
16KARRE JANGAIAH     IND
17GANGAPURI RAVINDAR GOUD     IND
18GAJJA NARSIMULU     IND
19CHENNAMSETTY DASHARATHA RAMULU HOLEA DASARI     IND
20MA JABBAR     IND
21DEPALLY MAISAIAH     IND
22DEPALLY SAYANNA     IND
23K NARSIMULU     IND
24NAGENDER REDDY K     IND
25PANDU     IND
26BUDIGA JANGAM LAXMAMMA     IND
27MOHAMMAD GHOUSE MOINUDDIN     IND
28MALA JANGILAMMA     IND
29RAJESH NAIK     IND
30RAIKANTI RAMADAS MADIGA     IND
31V VENKATESHWARLU     IND
32B SEENAIAH GOUD     IND
WANAPARTHY-78     GADWAL-79     ALAMPUR-80     NAGARKURNOOL-81     ACHAMPET-82
KALWAKURTHY-83     KOLLAPUR-85
S01-12-AP-NAGARKURNOOL     1GUVVALA BALARAJU     TRS
2TANGIRALA PARAMJOTHI     BSP
3DR MANDA JAGANNATH     INC
4DR T RATNAKARA     BJP
5DEVANI SATYANARAYANA     PRAP
6SPFERRY ROY     PPOI
7G VIDYASAGAR     LSP
8ANAPOSALA VENKATESH     IND
9N KURUMAIAH     IND
10BUDDULA SRINIVAS     IND
11AV SHIVA KUMAR     IND
12SIRIGIRI MANNEM     IND
13HANUMANTHU     IND
DEVARAKONDA-86     NAGARJUNA SAGAR-87     MIRYALGUDA-88     HUZURNAGAR-89
KODAD-90     SURYAPET-91     NALGONDA-92
S01-13-AP-NALGONDA     1GUTHA SUKENDER REDDY     INC
2NAZEERUDDIN     BSP
3VEDIRE SRIRAM REDDY     BJP
4SURAVARAM SUDHAKAR REDDY     CPI
5A NAGESHWAR RAO     PPOI
6PADURI KARUNA     PRAP
7DAIDA LINGAIAH     IND
8MD NAZEEMUDDIN     IND
9BOLUSANI KRISHNAIAH     IND
10BOLLA KARUNAKAR     IND
11MARRY NEHEMIAH     IND
12YALAGANDULA RAMU     IND
13KVSRINIVASA CHARYULU     IND
14SHAIK AHMED     IND
IBRAHIMPATNAM-48     MUNUGODE-93     BHONGIR-94     NAKREKAL-95
THUNGATHURTHY-96     ALAIR-97     JANGOAN-98
S01-14-AP-BHONGIR     1KOMATIREDDY RAJ GOPAL REDDY     INC
2CHINTHA SAMBA MURTHY     BJP
3NOMULA NARSIMHAIAH     CPM
4SIDDHARTHA PHOOLEY     BSP
5CHANDRA MOULI GANDAM     PRAP
6PALLA PRABHAKAR REDDY     PPOI
7RACHA SUBHADRA REDDY     LSP
8GUMMI BAKKA REDDY     IND
9POOSA BALA KISHAN BESTA     IND
10PERUKA ANJAIAH     IND
11MAMIDIGALLA JOHN BABU     IND
12MEDI NARSIMHA     IND
13RUPANI RAMESH VADDERA     IND
14SANGU MALLAYYA     IND
15SIRUPANGI RAMULU     IND
GHANPUR (STATION)-99     PALAKURTHI-100     PARKAL-104     WARANGAL WEST-105
WARANGAL EAST-106     WARDHANAPET-107     BHUPALPALLE-108
S01-15-AP-WARANGAL     1JAYAPAL V     BJP
2DOMMATI SAMBAIAH     TDP
3RAJAIAH SIRICILLA     INC
4RAMAGALLA PARAMESHWAR     TRS
5LALAIAH P     BSP
6ONTELA MONDAIAH     PPOI
7DR CHANDRAGIRI RAJAMOULY     PRAP
8BALLEPU VENKAT NARSINGA RAO     LSP
9KANNAM VENKANNA     IND
10KRISHNADHI SRILATHA     IND
11SOMAIAH GANAPURAM     IND
12DAMERA MOGILI     IND
13DUBASI NARSING     IND
14PAKALA DEVADANAM     IND
15D SREEDHAR RAO     IND
DORNAKAL-101     MAHABUBABAD-102     NARSAMPET-103     MULUG-109
PINAPAKA-110     YELLANDU-111     BHADRACHELAM-119
S01-16-AP-MAHABUBABAD     1KUNJA SRINIVASA RAO     CPI
2GUMMADI PULLAIAH     BSP
3B DILIP         BJP
4P BALRAM     INC
5DT NAIK     PRAP
6PODEM SAMMAIAH     PPOI
7BANOTH MOLCHAND     LSP
8KALTHI VEERASWAMY     IND
9KECHELA RANGA REDDY     IND
10DATLA NAGESWAR RAO     IND
11PADIGA YERRAIAH     IND
12P SATYANARAYANA     IND
KHAMMAM-112     PALAIR-113     MADIRA-114     WYRA-115     SATHUPALLI-116
KOTHAGUDEM-117     ASWARAOPETA-118
S01-17-AP-KHAMMAM     1KAPILAVAI RAVINDER     BJP
2THONDAPU VENKATESWARA RAO     BSP
3NAMA NAGESWARA RAO     TDP
4RENUKA CHOWDHURY     INC
5JALAGAM HEMAMALINI     PRAP
6JUPELLI SATYANARAYANA     LSP
7MANUKONDA RAGHURAM PRASAD     PPOI
8SHAIK MADAR SAHEB     TPPP
9AVULA VENKATESWARLU     IND
10CHANDA LINGAIAH     IND
11DANDA LINGAIAH     IND
12BANOTH LAXMA NAIK     IND
13MALLAVARAPU JEREMIAH     IND
PALAKONDA-129     KURUPAM-130     PARVATHIPURAM-131     SALUR-132     ARAKU
VALLEY-147     PADERU-148     RAMPACHODAVARAM-172
S01-18-AP-ARUKU     1KISHORE CHANDRA SURYANARAYANA DEO VYRICHERLA     INC
2KURUSA BOJJAIAH     BJP
3GADUGU BALLAYYA DORA     RJD
4MIDIYAM BABU RAO     CPM
5LAKE RAJA RAO     BSP
6MEENAKA SIMHACHALAM     PRAP
7VADIGALA PENTAYYA     LSP
8APPA RAO KINJEDI     IND
9ARIKA GUMPA SWAMY     IND
10ILLA RAMI REDDY     IND
11JAYALAKSHMI SHAMBUDU     IND
ICHCHAPURAM-120     PALASA-121     TEKKALI-122     PATHAPATNAM-123
SRIKAKULAM-124     AMADALAVALASA-125     NARASANNAPETA-127
S01-19-AP-SRIKAKULAM     1YERRNNAIDU KINJARAPU     TDP
2KILLI KRUPA RANI     INC
3TANKALA SUDHAKARA RAO     BSP
4DUPPALA RAVINDARA BABU     BJP
5KALYANI VARUDU     PRAP
6NANDA PRASADA RAO     PPOI
ETCHERLA-126     RAJAM-128     BOBBILI-133     CHEEPURUPALLE-134
GAJAPATHINAGARAM-135     NELLIMARLA-136     VIZIANAGARAM-137
S01-20-AP-VIZIANAGARAM     1APPALA NAIDU KONDAPALLI     TDP
2GOTTAPU CHINAMNAIDU     BSP
3JHANSI LAXMI BOTCHA     INC
4SANYASI RAJU PAKALAPATI     BJP
5KIMIDI GANAPATHI RAO     PRAP
6LUNKARAN JAIN     PPOI
7DATTLA SATYA APPALA SIVANANDA RAJU     LSP
8VENKATA SATYA NARAYANA RAGHUMANDA     BSSP
9MAHESWARA RAO VARRI     IND
SRUNGAVARAPUKOTA-138     BHIMLI-139     VISAKHAPATNAM EAST-140
VISAKHAPATNAM SOUTH-141     VISAKHAPATNAM NORTH-142     VISAKHAPATNAM
WEST-143     GAJUWAKA-144
S01-21-AP-VISAKHAPATNAM     1IMAHMED     BSP
2DAGGUBATI PURANDESWARI     INC
3DRMVVSMURTHI     TDP
4DVSUBBARAO     BJP
5PALLA SRINIVASA RAO     PRAP
6BETHALA KEGIYA RANI     BSP(AP)
7DBHARATHI     PPOI
8DVRAMANA VASU MASTER     TPPP
9RAMESH LANKA     BHSASP
10MTVENKATESWARALU     LSP
11APPARAO GOLAGANA     IND
12BANDAM VENKATA RAO YADAV     IND
13YADDANAPUDI RANGARAO     IND
14YALAMANCHILI PRASAD     IND
15RANGARAJU KALIDINDI     IND
CHODAVARAM-145     MADUGULA-146     ANAKAPALLE-149     PENDURTHI-150
ELAMANCHILI-151     PAYAKARAOPET-152     NARSIPATNAM-153
S01-22-AP-ANAKAPALLI     1APPA RAO KIRLA     BJP
2NOOKARAPU SURYA PRAKASA RAO     TDP
3BHEEMISETTI NAGESWARARAO     RJD
4VENKATA RAMANA BABU PILLA     BSP
5SABBAM HARI     INC
6ALLU ARAVIND     PRAP
7PULAMARASETTI VENKATA RAMANA     PPOI
8BOYINA NAGESWARA RAO     JD(U)
9NANDA GOPAL GANDHAM     IND
10PATHALA SATYA RAO     IND
TUNI-154     PRATHIPADU-155     PITHAPURAM-156     KAKINADA RURAL-157
PEDDAPURAM-158     KAKINADA CITY-160     JAGGAMPETA-171
S01-23-AP-KAKINADA     1DOMMETI SUDHAKAR     BSP
2MMPALLAMRAJU     INC
3BIKKINA VISWESWARA RAO     BJP
4VASAMSETTY SATYA     TDP
5ALURI VIJAYA LAKSHMI     LSP
6UDAYA KUMAR KONDEPUDI     TPPP
7GALI SATYAVATHI     RPI
8GIDLA SIMHACHALAM     RDMP
9CHALAMALASETTY SUNIL     PRAP
10NAMALA SATYANARAYANA     RDHP
11NPALLAMRAJU     AJBP
12BUGATHA BANGARRAO     CPI(ML)(L)
13AKAY SURYANARAYANA     IND
14CHAGANTI SURYA NARAYANA MURTHY     IND
15DANAM LAZAR BABU     IND
16BADAMPUDI BABURAO     IND
RAMACHANDRAPURAM-161     MUMMIDIVARAM-162     AMALAPURAM-163     RAZOLE-164
GANNAVARAM-165     KOTHAPETA-166     MANDAPETA-167
S01-24-AP-AMALAPURAM     1KOMMABATTULA UMA MAHESWARA RAO     BJP
2GEDDAM SAMPADA RAO     BSP
3DOCTOR GEDELA VARALAKSHMI     TDP
4GVHARSHA KUMAR     INC
5AKUMARTHI SURYANARAYANA     TPPP
6KIRAN KUMAR BINEPE     PBHP
7PVCHAKRAVARTHI     RPI(KH)
8POTHULA PRAMEELA DEVI     PRAP
9BHEEMARAO RAMJI MUTHABATHULA     PPOI
10MASA RAMADASU     RDMP
11YALANGI RAMESH     IND
ANAPARTHY-159     RAJANAGARAM-168     RAJAHMUNDRY CITY-169     RAJAMUNDRY
RURAL-170     KOVVUR-173     NIDADAVOLE-174     GOPALAPURAM-185
S01-25-AP-RAJAHMUNDRY     1ARUNA KUMAR VUNDAVALLI     INC
2M MURALI MOHAN     TDP
3VAJRAPU KOTESWARA RAO     BSP
4SOMU VEERRAJU     BJP
5UPPALAPATI VENKATA KRISHNAM RAJU     PRAP
6DATLA RAYA JAGAPATHI RAJU     PPOI
7DR PALADUGU CHANDRA MOULI     LSP
8MEDAPATI PAPIREDDY     TPPP
9MEDA SRINIVAS     RPC(S)
10PARAMATA GANESWARA RAO     IND
11MUSHINI RAMAKRISHNA RAO     IND
12VASAMSETTY NAGESWARA RAO     IND
13SANABOINA SUBHALAKSHMI     IND
ACHANTA-175     PALACOLE-176     NARASAPURAM-177     BHIMAVARAM-178     UNDI-179
TANUKU-180     TADEPALLIGUDEM-181
S01-26-AP-NARSAPURAM     1KALIDINDI VISWANADHA RAJU     BSP
2THOTA SITA RAMA LAKSHMI     TDP
3BAPIRAJU KANUMURU     INC
4BHUPATHIRAJU SRINIVASA VARMA     BJP
5ALLURI YUGANDHARA RAJU     PPOI
6GUBBALA TAMMAIAH     PRAP
7NAVUNDRU RAJENDRA PRASAD     BHSASP
8M V R RAJU     RDMP
9MANORAMA SANKU     LSP
10KALIDINDI BHIMARAJU     IND
UNGUTURU-182     DENDULURU-183     ELURU-184     POLAVARAM-186
CHINTALAPUDI-187     NUZVID-189     KAIKALUR-192
S01-27-AP-ELURU     1KAVURI SAMBASIVA RAO     INC
2KODURI VENKATA SUBBA RAJU     BJP
3PILLELLLI SUNIL     BSP
4MAGANTI VENKATESWARA RAOBABU     TDP
5YVSV PRASADA RAO YERNENI PRASADA RAO     PPOI
6KOLUSU PEDA REDDAIAH YADAV     PRAP
7SAVANAPUDI NAGARAJU     MCPI(S)
8SIRIKI SRINIVAS     RDMP
9KASI NAIDU KAMMILI     IND
10TANUKU SEKHAR     IND
11DODDA KAMESWARA RAO     IND
12DOWLURI GOVARDHAN     IND
GANNAVARAM-190     GUDIVADA-191     PEDANA-193     MACHILIPATNAM-194
AVANIGADDA-195     PAMARRU-196     PENAMALURU-197
S01-28-AP-MACHILIPATNAM     1KONAKALLA NARAYANA RAO     TDP
2CHIGURUPATI RAMALINGESWARA RAO     BSP
3BADIGA RAMAKRISHNA     INC
4BHOGADI RAMA DEVI     BJP
5KOPPULA VENKATESWARA RAO     LSP
6CHENNAMSETTI RAMACHANDRAIAH     PRAP
7YARLAGADDA RAMAMOHANA RAO     BHSASP
8VARA LAKSHMI KONERU     PPOI
9GV NAGESWARA RAO     IND
10YENDURI SUBRAMANYESWA RAO  MANI     IND
TIRUVURU-188     VIJAYWADA WEST-198     VIJAYAWADA CENTRAL-199     VIJAYAWADA
EAST-200     MYLAVARAM-201     NANDIGAMA-202     JAGGAYYAPETA-203
S01-29-AP-VIJAYAWADA     1LAGADAPATI RAJA GOPAL     INC
2LAKA VENGALA RAO     BJP
3VAMSI MOHAN VALLABHANENI     TDP
4SISTLA NARASIMHA MURTHY     BSP
5DEVINENI KISHORE KUMAR     LSP
6RAGHAVA RAO JAKKA     PPOI
7RAJIV CHANUMOLU     PRAP
8APPIKATLA JAWAHAR     IND
9KRISHNA MURTHY SUNKARA     IND
10JAKKA TARAKA MALLIKHARJUNA RAO     IND
11DEVERASETTY RAVINDRA BABU     IND
12DEVIREDDY RAVINDRANATHA REDDY     IND
13PERUPOGU VENKATESWARA RAO     IND
14BAIPUDI NAGESWARA RAO     IND
15BOPPA VENKATESWARA RAO     IND
16BOLISETTY HARIBABU     IND
17VEERLA SANJEEVA RAO     IND
18VENKATA RAO P     IND
19SENAPATHI CHIRANJEEVI     IND
20SHAIK MASTAN     IND
TADIKONDA-205     MANGALAGIRI-206     PONNUR-207     TENALI-210
PRATHIPADU-212     GUNTUR WEST-213     GUNTUR EAST-214
S01-30-AP-GUNTUR     1MALLELA BABU RAO     BSP
2RAJENDRA MADALA     TDP
3YADLAPATI SWARUPARANI     BJP
4SAMBASIVA RAO RAYAPATI     INC
5AMANULLA KHAN     LSP
6KOMMANABOINA LAKSHMAIAH     RDHP
7THOTA CHANDRA SEKHAR     PRAP
8YARRAKULA TULASI RAM YADAV     SP
9VELAGAPUDI LAKSHMANA RAO     PPOI
10SRINIVASA RAO THOTAKURA     AJBP
PEDAKURAPADU-204     CHILAKALURIPET-215     NARASARAOPET-216
SATTENPALLI-217     VINUKONDA-218     GURUZALA-219     MACHERLA-220
S01-31-AP-NARASARAOPET     1BALASHOWRY VALLABHANENI     INC
2BEJJAM RATNAKARA RAO     BSP
3VENUGOPALA REDDY MODUGULA     TDP
4VALLEPU KRUPA RAO     BJP
5SAI PRASAD EDARA     BHSASP
6GANUGAPENTA UTTAMA REDDY     LSP
7SHAIK SYED SAHEB     PRAP
8SG MASTAN VALI     PPOI
9ATCHALA NARASIMHA RAO     IND
10ANNAMRAJU VENUGOPALA MADHAVA RAO     IND
11KATAMARAJU NALAGORLA     IND
12SRINIVASA REDDY KESARI     IND
13YAMPATI VEERANJANEYA REDDY     IND
14RAMADUGU VENKATA SUBBA RAO     IND
VEMURU-208     REPALLE-209     BAPATLA-211     PARCHUR-223     ADDANKI-224
CHIRALA-225     SANTHANUTHALAPADU-226
S01-32-AP-BAPATLA     1DARA SAMBAIAH     BSP
2PANABAKA LAKSHMI     INC
3BATTULA ROSAYYA     BJP
4MALYADRI SRIRAM     TDP
5GARIKAPATI SUDHAKAR     RDMP
6NUTHAKKI RAMA RAO     PRAP
7GUDIPALLI SATHYA BABUJI     IND
8GORREMUCHU CHINNA RAO     IND
9GOLLA BABU RAO     IND
10DEVARAPALLI BUJJI BABU     IND
YERRAGONDAPALEM-221     DARSI-222     ONGOLE-227     KONDAPI-229
MARKAPURAM-230     GIDDALUR-231     KANIGIRI-232
S01-33-AP-ONGOLE     1MANDAVA VASUDEVA     BJP
2MADDULURI MALAKONDAIAH YADAV     TDP
3MAGUNTA SRINIVASULU REDDY     INC
4CHALUVADI SRINIVASARAO     PPOI
5DRNARAYANAM RADHA DEVI     LSP
6PIDATHALA SAI KALPANA     PRAP
7SHAIK SHAJAHAN     UWF
8GARRE RAMAKRISHNA     IND
9DAMA MOHANA RAO     IND
10NALAMALAPU LAKSHMINARASAREDDY     IND
11YATHAPU KONDAREDDY     IND
ALLAGADDA-253     SRISAILAM-254     NANDIKOTKUR-255     PANYAM-257
NANDYAL-258     BANAGANAPALLE-259     DHONE-260
S01-34-AP-NANDYAL     1NASYAM MOHAMMED FAROOK     TDP
2SMOHAMMED ISMAIL     BSP
3SPYREDDY     INC
4ABDUL SATTAR  G     BCUF
5PICHHIKE NARENDRA DEV     RKSP
6BHUMA VENKATA NAGI REDDY     PRAP
7RAMA JAGANNADHA REDDY TAMIDELA     LSP
8SADHU VEERA VENKATA RAMANAIAH     RDMP
9AMBATI RAMESWARA REDDY     IND
10KARTHER PANCHARATNAM     IND
11BPKAMBAGIRI SWAMY     IND
12GALI RAMA SUBBA REDDY     IND
13AUFAROOQ     IND
14GBALASWAMY     IND
15TMAHESH NAIDU     IND
16BVRAMI REDDY     IND
17BRLREDDY     IND
18VENNUPUSA VENKATESHWARA REDDY     IND
19SINGAM VENKATESHWARA REDDY     IND
20TSRINUVASULU     IND
21VSESHI REDDY     IND
KURNOOL-256     PATTIKONDA-261     KODUMUR-262     YEMMIGANUR-263
MANTRALAYAM-264     ADONI-265     ALUR-266
S01-35-AP-KURNOOL     1KOTLA JAYA SURYA PRAKASH REDDY     INC
2GADDAM RAMAKRISHNA     BSP
3BTNAIDU     TDP
4RAVI SUBRAMANYAM KA     BJP
5JALLI VENKATESH     LSP
6DRDANDIYA KHAJA PEERA     PRAP
7BNAGA JAYA CHANDRA REDDY     RDMP
8DRPRPARAMESWAR REDDY     PPOI
9DEVI RAMALINGAPPA     IND
10VV RAMANA     IND
11RAJU         IND
RAYADURG-267     URAVAKONDA-268     GUNTAKAL-269     TADPATRI-270
SINGANAMALA-271     ANANTAPUR URBAN-272     KALYANDURG-273
S01-36-AP-ANANTAPUR     1ANANTHA VENKATA RAMI REDDY     INC
2AMBATI RAMA KRISHNA REDDY     BJP
3KALAVA SRINIVASULU     TDP
4GADDALA NAGABHUSHANAM     BSP
5AMARNATH     LSP
6KRUSHNAPURAM GAYATHRI DEVI     CPI(ML)(L)
7MANSOOR     PRAP
8G HARI         PPOI
9T CHANDRA SEKHAR     IND
10DEVELLA MURALI     IND
11K P NARAYANA SWAMY     IND
12J C RAMANUJULA REDDY     IND
RAPTADU-274     MADAKASIRA-275     HINDUPUR-276     PENUKONDA-277
PUTTAPARTHI-278     DHARMAVARAM-279     KADIRI-280
S01-37-AP-HINDUPUR     1KRISTAPPA NIMMALA     TDP
2P KHASIM KHAN     INC
3NARESH CINE ACTOR     BJP
4BSPSREERAMULU     BSP
5KADAPALA SREEKANTA REDDY     PRAP
6NIRANJAN BABU K     LSP
7S MUSKIN VALI     PPOI
8K JAKEER     IND
9B NAGABHUSHANA RAO     IND
10P PRASAD PEETLA PRASAD     IND
BADVEL-243     KADAPA-245     PULIVENDLA-248     KAMALAPURAM-249
JAMMALAMADUGU-250     PRODDATUR-251     MYDUKUR-252
S01-38-AP-KADAPA     1JAMBAPURAM MUNI REDDY     BSP
2YS JAGAN MOHAN REDDY     INC
3PALEM SRIKANTH REDDY     TDP
4VANGALA SHASHI BHUSHAN REDDY     BJP
5KASIBHATLA SAINATH SARMA     RDHP
6N KISHORE KUMAR REDDY     JD(S)
7KUNCHAM VENKATA SUBBA REDDY     RRS
8DR KHALEEL BASHA     PRAP
9GAJJALA RAMA SUBBA REDDY     PPOI
10GUDIPATI PRASANNA KUMAR     LSP
11C GOPI NARASIMHA REDDY     JD(U)
12CHINNAPA REDDY KOMMA     BJSH
13Y SEKHARA REDDY     RPI(A)
14S ALI SHER     IND
15THIMMAPPAGARI VENKATA SIVA REDDY     IND
16V NARENDRA     IND
17S RAJA MADIGA     IND
18YELLIPALAM RAMESH REDDY     IND
19SIVANARAYANA REDDY CHADIPIRALLA     IND
20J SUBBARAYUDU     IND
KANDUKUR-228     KAVALI-233     ATMAKUR-234     KOVUR-235     NELLORE CITY-236
NELLORE RURAL-237     UDAYAGIRI-242
S01-39-AP-NELLORE     1S PADMA NAGESWARA RAO     BSP
2BATHINA NARASIMHA RAO     BJP
3MEKAPATI RAJAMOHAN REDDY     INC
4VANTERU VENU GOPALA REDDY     TDP
5JANA RAMACHANDRAIAH     PRAP
6VEMURI BHASKARA RAO     LSP
7SIDDIRAJU SATYANARAYANA     PPOI
8KARIMULLA     IND
9MUCHAKALA CHANDRA SEKHAR YADAV     IND
10VENKATA BHASKAR REDDY DIRISALA     IND
11SYED HAMZA HUSSAINY     IND
SARVEPALLI-238     GUDUR-239     SULLURPETA-240     VENKATAGIRI-241
TIRUPATI-286     SRIKALAHASTI-287     SATYAVEEDU-288
S01-40-AP-TIRUPATI     1CHINTA MOHAN     INC
2VARLA RAMAIAH     TDP
3NVENKATASWAMY     BJP
4JUVVIGUNTA VENKATESWARLU     LSP
5DEGALA SURYANARAYANA     PPOI
6DHANASEKHAR GUNDLURU     RPI(A)
7VARAPRASADA RAO V     PRAP
8OREPALLI VENKATA KRISHNA PRASAD     IND
9KATTAMANCHI PRABAKHAR     IND
10YALAVADI MUNIKRISHNAIAH     IND
RAJAMPET-244     KODUR-246     RAYACHOTI-247     THAMBALLAPALLE-281
PILERU-282     MADANAPALLE-283     PUNGANUR-284
S01-41-AP-RAJAMPET     1ANNAYYAGARI SAI PRATHAP     INC
2ALLAPUREDDY HARINATHA REDDY     BJP
3RAMESH KUMAR REDDY REDDAPPAGARI     TDP
4SUNKARA SREENIVAS     BSP
5DR ARAVA VENKATA SUBBA REDDY MBBSDCH     PPOI
6ADI NARAYANA REDDY V     BHSASP
7NAGESWARA RAO EDAGOTTU     LSP
8DA SRINIVAS     PRAP
9SHAIK AMEEN PEERAN     ANC
10ASADI VENKATADRI     IND
11INDRA PRAKASH     IND
12KASTHURI OBAIAH NAIDU     IND
13B KRISHNAPPA     IND
14PULA RAGHU     IND
15HAJI MOHAMMAD AZAM     IND
CHANDRAGIRI-285     NAGARI-289     GANGADHARA NELLORE-290     CHITTOOR-291
PUTHALAPATTU-292     PALAMANER-293     KUPPAM-294
S01-42-AP-CHITTOOR     1JAYARAM DUGGANI     BSP
2THIPPESWAMY M     INC
3NARAMALLI SIVAPRASAD     TDP
4BSIVAKUMAR     BJP
5A AMARNADH     RKSP
6TALARI MANOHAR     PRAP
7G VENKATACHALAM     LSP
LUMLA-1     TAWANG-2     MUKTO-3     DIRANG-4     KALAKTANG-5
THRIZINO-BURAGAON-6     BOMDILA-7     BAMENG-8     CHAYANG TAJO-9     SEPPA EAST-10
S02-1-AR-ARUNACHAL WEST     1KIREN RIJIJU     BJP
2TAKAM SANJOY     INC
3TABA TAKU     LB
4SUBU KECHI     IND
TUTING YINGKIONG-34     PANGIN-35     NARI-KOYU-36     PASIGHAT WEST-37
PASIGHAT EAST-38     MEBO-39     MARIYANG-GEKU-40     ANINI-41     DAMBUK-42     ROING-43
S02-2-AR-ARUNACHAL EAST     1LOWANGCHA WANGLAT     AC
2NINONG ERING     INC
3TAPIR GAO     BJP
4DR SAMSON BORANG     PPA
RATABARI-1     PATHERKANDI-2     KARIMGANJ NORTH-3     KARIMGANJ SOUTH-4
BADARPUR-5     HAILAKANDI-6     KATLICHERRA-7     ALGAPUR-8
S03-1-AS-KARIMGANJ     1RAJESH MALLAH     AUDF
2LALIT MOHAN SUKLABAIDYA     INC
3SUDHANGSHU DAS     BJP
4UTTAM NOMOSUDRA     IND
5JOY DAS     IND
6DEBASISH DAS     IND
7PROBHASH CH SARKAR     IND
8BIJON ROY     IND
9BIJOY MALAKAR     IND
10MALATI ROY     IND
11MILON SINGHA     IND
12RANJAN NAMASUDRA     IND
13RAJESH CHANDRA ROY     IND
14SITAL PRASAD DUSAD     IND
15HIMANGSHU KUMAR DAS     IND
SILCHAR-9     SONAI-10     DHOLAI-11     UDHARBOND-12     LAKHIPUR-13
BORKHOLA-14     KATIGORAH-15
S03-2-AS-SILCHAR     1KABINDRA PURKAYASTHA     BJP
2DIPAK BHATTACHARJEE     CPM
3BADRUDDIN AJMAL     AUDF
4SONTOSH MOHAN DEV     INC
5KANTIMOY DEB     IND
6CHANDAN RABIDAS     IND
7JAYANTA MALLICK     IND
8JOY SUNDAR DAS     IND
9NAGENDRA CHANDRA DAS     IND
10NAZRUL HAQUE MAZARBHUIYAN     IND
11NABADWIP DAS     IND
12PIJUSH KANTI DAS     IND
13MANISH BHATTACHARJEE     IND
14YOGENDRA KUMAR SINGH     IND
15SUBIR DEB     IND
16SUMIT ROY     IND
HAFLONG-16     BOKAJAN-17     HOWRAGHAT-18     DIPHU-19     BAITHALANGSO-20
S03-3-AS-AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT     1KULENDRA DAULAGUPU     BJP
2BIREN SINGH ENGTI     INC
3HIDDHINATH RONGPI     NCP
4ELWIN TERON     ASDC
5DR JAYANTA RONGPI     CPI(ML)(L)
6KABON TIMUNGPI     IND
MANKACHAR-21     SALMARA SOUTH-22     DHUBRI-23     GAURIPUR-24     GOLOKGANJ-25
BILASIPARA WEST-26     BILASIPARA EAST-27     GOALPARA EAST-37     GOALPARA
WEST-38     JALESWAR-39
S03-4-AS-DHUBRI     1ANWAR HUSSAIN     INC
2BADRUDDIN AJMAL     AUDF
3ARUN DAS     RWS
4ALOK SEN     SP
5SOLEMAN ALI     IND
6SHAHJAHAN ALI     IND
7SOLEMAN KHANDAKER     IND
8TRIPTI KANA MAZUMDAR CHOUDHURY     IND
9NUR MAHAMMAD     IND
10MINHAR ALI MANDAL     IND
GOSSAIGAON-28     KOKRAJHAR WEST-29     KOKRAJHAR EAST-30     SIDLI-31
BIJNI-33     SORBHOG-40     BHABANIPUR-41     TAMULPUR-58     BARAMA-62     CHAPAGURI-63
S03-5-AS-KOKRAJHAR     1SABDA RAM RABHA     AGP
2SANSUMA KHUNGGUR BWISWMUTHIARY     BOPF
3URKHAO GWRA BRAHMA     IND
BONGAIGAON-32     ABHAYAPURI NORTH-34     ABHAYAPURI SOUTH-35
PATACHARKUCHI-42     BARPETA-43     JANIA-44     BAGHBAR-45     SARUKHETRI-46
CHENGA-47     DHARMAPUR-61
S03-6-AS-BARPETA     1ABDUS SAMAD AHMED     AUDF
2MD AMIR ALI     RJD
3ISMAIL HUSSAIN     INC
4DURGESWAR DEKA     CPM
5BHUPEN RAY     AGP
6ABU CHAND MAHMMAD     RPI(A)
7ABDUL KADDUS     SP
8KANDARPA LAHKAR     RVNP
9MD DILIR KHAN     MUL
10MUIJ UDDIN MAHMUD     LJP
11ABDUL KADER     IND
12GOLAP HUSSAIN MAZUMDER     IND
13DEWAN JOYNAL ABEDIN     IND
14BHADRESWAR DAS     IND
DUDHNOI-36     BOKO-48     CHHAYGAON-49     PALASBARI-50     JALUKBARI-51
DISPUR-52     GAUHATI EAST-53     GAUHATI WEST-54     HAJO-55     BARKHETRI-60
S03-7-AS-GAUHATI     1AKSHAY RAJKHOWA     NCP
2BIJOYA CHAKRAVARTY     BJP
3CAPT ROBIN BORDOLOI     INC
4SONABOR ALI     AUDF
5AMBU BORA     RCPI(R)
6DEEPAK KALITA     SP
7SHIMANTA BRAHMA     RWS
8AMIT BARUA     IND
9KAZI NEKIB AHMED     IND
10DEVA KANTA RAMCHIARY     IND
11BRIJESH ROY     IND
12RINA GAYARY DAS     IND
KAMALPUR-56     RANGIA-57     NALBARI-59     PANERY-64     KALAIGAON-65
SIPAJHAR-66     MANGALDOI-67     DALGAON-68     UDALGURI-69     MAZBAT-70
S03-8-AS-MANGALDOI     1BADIUJ ZAMAL     AUDF
2MADHAB RAJBANGSHI     INC
3RAMEN DEKA     BJP
4DINA NATH DAS     BOPF
5PARVEEN SULTANA     AIMF
6RABINDRA NATH HAZARIKA     JMM
7RATUL KUMAR CHOUDHURY     SP
8LANKESWAR ACHARJYA     RDMP
9LUCYMAI BASUMATARI     RSPS
10AROON BAROOA     IND
11PRODEEP KUMAR DAIMARY     IND
12BHUPENDRA NATH KAKATI     IND
13MANOJ KUMAR DEKA     IND
DHEKIAJULI-71     BARCHALLA-72     TEZPUR-73     RANGAPARA-74     SOOTEA-75
BISWANATH-76     BEHALI-77     GOHPUR-78     BIHPURIA-109
S03-9-AS-TEZPUR     1JITEN SUNDI     CPM
2DEBA ORANG     AUDF
3MONI KUMAR SUBBA     INC
4JOSEPH TOPPO     AGP
5ARUN KUMAR MURMOO     BVM
6PARASHMONI SINHA     JMM
7JUGANANDA HAZARIKA     SP
8RUBUL SARMA     CPI(ML)(L)
9REGINOLD V JOHNSON     RSPS
10KALYAN KUMAR DEORI BHARALI     IND
11DANIEL DAVID JESUDAS     IND
12MD NAZIR AHMED     IND
13DR PRANAB KR DAS     IND
14PRASANTA BORO     IND
15RUDRA PARAJULI     IND
JAGIROAD-79     MORIGAON-80     LAHARIGHAT-81     RAHA-82     NAGAON-86
BARHAMPUR-87     JAMUNAMUKH-90     HOJAI-91     LUMDING-92
S03-10-AS-NOWGONG     1ANIL RAJA     INC
2RAJEN GOHAIN     BJP
3SIRAJ UDDIN AJMAL     AUDF
4PHEIROIJAM IBOMCHA SINGH     AIFB
5BIPIN SAIKIA     RDMP
6BIREN DAS     RWS
7BHUPEN CHANDRA MUDOI     RPI(A)
8LIAQAT HUSSAIN     LJP
9ASHIT DUTTA     IND
10NAZRUL HAQUE MAZARBHUIYAN     IND
11PUSPA KANTA BORA     IND
12BIMALA PRASAD TALUKDAR     IND
13HERAMBA MOHAN PANDIT     IND
DHING-83     BATADRABA-84     RUPAHIHAT-85     SAMAGURI-88     KALIABOR-89
BOKAKHAT-93     SARUPATHAR-94     GOLAGHAT-95     KHUMTAI-96     DERGAON-97
S03-11-AS-KALIABOR     1GUNIN HAZARIKA     AGP
2DIP GOGOI     INC
3SIRAJ UDDIN AJMAL     AUDF
4KAMAL HAZARIKA     IND
5PAUL NAYAK     IND
6PRADEEP DUTTA     IND
7BINOD GOGOI     IND
8MRIDUL BARUAH     IND
JORHAT-98     TITABAR-100     MARIANI-101     TEOK-102     AMGURI-103
NAZIRA-104     MAHMORA-105     SONARI-106     THOWRA-107     SIVASAGAR-108
S03-12-AS-JORHAT     1KAMAKHYA TASA     BJP
2DRUPAD BORGOHAIN     CPI
3BIJOY KRISHNA HANDIQUE     INC
4ABINASH KISHORE BORAH     RWS
5BIREN NANDA     JMM
6NAVAPROKASH SONOWAL     IND
7RAJ KUMAR DOWARAH     IND
8SUJIT SAHU     IND
MORAN-115     DIBRUGARH-116     LAHOWAL-117     DULIJAN-118     TINGKHONG-119
NAHARKATIA-120     TINSUKIA-122     DIGBOI-123     MARGHERITA-124
S03-13-AS-DIBRUGARH     1SRI PABAN SINGH GHATOWAR     INC
2SRI ROMEN CH BORTHAKUR     NCP
3SRI RATUL GOGOI     CPI
4SRI SARBANANDA SONOWAL     AGP
5SRI GONGARAM KAUL     CPI(ML)(L)
6NIHARIKA BORPATRA GOHAIN GOGOI     JMM
7IMTIAZ HUSSAIN     IND
8FRANCIS DHAN     IND
9LAKHI CHARAN SWANSI     IND
10SIMA GHOSH     IND
MAJULI-99     NAOBOICHA-110     LAKHIMPUR-111     DHAKUAKHANA-112
DHEMAJI-113     JONAI-114     CHABUA-121     DOOMDOOMA-125     SADIYA-126
S03-14-AS-LAKHIMPUR     1DR ARUN KR SARMA     AGP
2BHOGESWAR DUTTA     CPI
3RANEE NARAH     INC
4GANGADHAR DUTTA     SHS
5DEBNATH MAJHI     CPI(ML)(L)
6PRAN JYOTI BORPATRA GOHAIN     RWS
7MINU BURAGOHAIN     SP
8RATNESWAR GOGOI     AIFB
9LALIT MILI     RDMP
10SONAMONI DAS     LJP
11ASAP SUNDIGURIA     IND
12PRASHANTA GOGOI     IND
13BHUMIDHAR HAZARIKA     IND
14RANOJ PEGU     IND
15RABIN DEKA     IND
VALMIKI NAGAR-1     RAMNAGAR-2     NARKATIAGANJ-3     BAGAHA-4     LAURIYA-5
SIKTA-9
S04-1-BR-VALMIKI NAGAR     1DILIP VERMA     NCP
2BAIDYANATH PRASAD MAHTO     JD(U)
3MANAN MISHRA     BSP
4MOHAMMAD SHAMIM AKHTAR     INC
5RAGHUNATH JHA     RJD
6BIRENDRA PRASAD GUPTA     CPI(ML)(L)
7SHAILENDRA KUMAR GARHWAL     LTSD
8AMBIKA SINGH     IND
9UMESH         IND
10DEORAJ RAM     IND
11FAKHRUDDIN     IND
12MAGISTER YADAV     IND
13MANOHAR MANOJ     IND
14RAMASHANKAR PRASAD     IND
15RAKESH KUMAR PANDEY     IND
16SATYANARAIN YADAV     IND
NAUTAN-6     CHANPATIA-7     BETTIAH-8     RAXAUL-10     SUGAULI-11     NARKATIA-12
S04-2-BR-PASCHIM CHAMPARAN     1ANIRUDH PRASAD ALIAS SADHU YADAV     INC
2PRAKASH JHA     LJP
3RAMASHRAY SINGH     CPM
4SHAMBHU PRASAD GUPTA     BSP
5DR SANJAY JAISWAL     BJP
6FAIYAZUL AZAM     JD(S)
7MANOJ KUMAR     RDMP
8SYED SHAMIM AKHTAR     LTSD
9NAFIS AHAMAD     IND
10SHRIMAN MISHRA     IND
11SYED IRSHAD AKHTER     IND
HARSIDHI-13     GOVINDGANJ-14     KESARIA-15     KALYANPUR-16     PIPRA-17
MOTIHARI-19
S04-3-BR-PURVI CHAMPARAN     1AKHILESH PRASAD SINGH     RJD
2ARVIND KUMAR GUPTA     INC
3GAGANDEO YADAV     BSP
4RADHA MOHAN SINGH     BJP
5RAMCHANDRA PRASAD     CPI
6UMESH KUMAR SINGH     SJP(R)
7NAGENDRA SAHANI     LTSD
8SURESH KUMAR RAJAK     IJP
9SURESH KUMAR RAI     BJKVP
10JHAGARU MAHATO     IND
11PARASNATHPANDEY     IND
12MD MURTUJA ANSARI ALIAS DR LAL     IND
MADHUBAN-18     CHIRAIA-20     DHAKA-21     SHEOHAR-22     RIGA-23     BELSAND-30
S04-4-BR-SHEOHAR     1MD ANWARUL HAQUE     BSP
2MD TANVEER ZAFAR     CPI
3RAMA DEVI     BJP
4LOVELY ANAND     INC
5SITARAM SINGH     RJD
6ARUN SAH     BLPGL
7BASDEO SAH     IJP
8SHATRUGHNA SAHU     BJJD
9AJAY KUMAR PANDEY     IND
10CHANDRIKA PRASAD     IND
11MOHAMMAD FIROZ AHAMAD     IND
12MOHSIN     IND
13YOGENDRA RAM     IND
14RAM ASHISH MAHTO     IND
15SUNIL SINGH     IND
BATHNAHA-24     PARIHAR-25     SURSAND-26     BAJPATTI-27     SITAMARHI-28
RUNISAIDPUR-29
S04-5-BR-SITAMARHI     1ARJUN ROY     JD(U)
2MAYA SHANKAR SHARAN     BSP
3SAMIR KUMAR MAHASETH     INC
4SITARAM YADAV     RJD
5S ABU DAUJANA     LTSD
6CHITARANJAN GIRI     RPP
7MOHAMMAD AFZAL PAINTHER     ANC
8SHANKAR SINHA     RSP
9CHANDRIKA PRASAD     IND
10ZAHID         IND
11DINESH PRASAD     IND
12PAPPU KUMAR MISHRA     IND
13MUKESH KUMAR GUPTA     IND
14RAVINDRA KUMAR     IND
15RAM KISHORE PRASAD     IND
16SONE LAL SAH     IND
HARLAKHI-31     BENIPATTI-32     BISFI-35     MADHUBANI-36     KEOTI-86     JALE-87
S04-6-BR-MADHUBANI     1ABDULBARI SIDDIKI     RJD
2LAXMANKANT MISHRA     BSP
3DR SHAKEEL AHAMAD     INC
4HUKM DEO NARAYAN YADAV     BJP
5DR HEMCHANDRA JHA     CPI
6MINTU KUMAR SINGH     JGP
7MISHRI LAL YADAV     RKJP
8RAMCHANDRA YADAV     KSVP
9RAM SAGAR SAHANI     IJP
10MD ZINNUR     IND
11RAVINDRA THAKUR     IND
12RAJESHWAR YADAV     IND
13SANJAY KUMAR MAHTO     IND
14HARIBHUSHAN THAKUR BACHOL     IND
KHAJAULI-33     BABUBARHI-34     RAJNAGAR-37     JHANJHARPUR-38     PHULPARAS-39
LAUKAHA-40
S04-7-BR-JHANJHARPUR     1KRIPANATH PATHAK     INC
2GAURI SHANKAR YADAV     BSP
3DEVENDRA PRASAD YADAV     RJD
4MANGANI LAL MANDAL     JD(U)
5DR KIRTAN PRASAD SINGH     LTSD
6YOGNATH MANDAL     CPI(ML)(L)
7OM PRAKASH     IND
8NATHUNI YADAV     IND
9FIROZ ALAM     IND
10VIVEKA NAND JHA     IND
11SHANKAR PRASAD     IND
NIRMALI-41     PIPRA-42     SUPAUL-43     TRIBENIGANJ-44     CHHATAPUR-45
SINGHESHWAR-72
S04-8-BR-SUPAUL     1ASHOK MAHTO     BSP
2BALRAM SINGH YADAV     CPM
3RANJEET RANJAN     INC
4VISHWA MOHAN KUMAR     JD(U)
5SURYA NARAYAN YADAV     LJP
6NARAYAN MANDAL     SHS
7MANJU DEVI     IJP
8SHARVAN KUMAR CHOUDHARY     JD(S)
9SURESH PRASAD MEHTA     LTSD
10ARBIND KUMAR     IND
11ASHOK PANKAJ     IND
12BHIM KUMAR GUPTA     IND
13RAMCHANDRA PRASAD SINGH     IND
14RAMDEO SHARMA     IND
15VIJAY KUMAR CHOUDHARY     IND
16SURESH KUMAR AZAD     IND
NARPATGANJ-46     RANIGANJ-47     FORBESGANJ-48     ARARIA-49     JOKIHAT-50
SIKTI-51
S04-9-BR-ARARIA     1ZAKIR HUSSAIN KHAN     LJP
2PRADEEP KUMAR SINGH     BJP
3RAJA RAMAN BHASKAR     BSP
4DR SHAKEEL AHMAD KHAN     INC
5AYAJUDIN     RKJP
6KAMALI DEVI     CPI(ML)(L)
7NASIM AHMAD GHAZI     RJJM
8ABDUL GAFOOR     IND
9ABDUL WAHAB     IND
10OM PRAKASH     IND
11KANHAIYA KUMAR DAS     IND
12DINESH RATHOUR     IND
13NAND LAL PASWAN     IND
14NITYA NAND BISHWAS     IND
15PRAMOD SINGH YADAV     IND
16PRINCE VICTOR     IND
17LAXMI SADA     IND
18VIJAY SAH     IND
19SANJAY KUMAR JHA     IND
20MD SAJJAD     IND
21SATYA NARAYAN WRITER     IND
22SADA NAND CHOUDHARY     IND
23SADHANA DEVI     IND
24SUKDEO PASWAN     IND
25MOHAMMED SAIFUR RAB     IND
BAHADURGANJ-52     THAKURGANJ-53     KISHANGANJ-54     KOCHADHAMAN-55
AMOUR-56     BAISI-57
S04-10-BR-KISHANGANJ     1ZUBAIR ALAM     BSP
2TASLEEM UDDIN     RJD
3MOHAMMAD ASRARUL HAQUE     INC
4SYED MAHMOOD ASHRAF     JD(U)
5TAMAJUL ALI     BJJD
6MOHAMMAD KHASHIUR RAHMAN     SJP(R)
7MOHAMMAD NISSAR ALAM     JMM
8RAJIT PODAR     ABAS
9ABDUL RAJJAK URF KAL     IND
10ABHINAV MODI     IND
11ASGAR MALIK     IND
12CHOTAY LAL MAHTO     IND
13MD TASLIMUDDIN     IND
14VISHWANATH KEJRIWAL     IND
15SIKANDER SINGH     IND
KATIHAR-63     KADWA-64     BALRAMPUR-65     PRANPUR-66     MANIHARI-67
BARARI-68
S04-11-BR-KATIHAR     1AHMAD ASHFAQUE KARIM     LJP
2NIKHIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY     BJP
3MADAN MOHAN NISHAD     BSP
4SHAH TARIQ ANWAR     NCP
5OM PRAKASH PODDAR     BJJD
6MAHBOOB ALAM     CPI(ML)(L)
7MUNNI DEVI     ABJS
8RAJESH GURNANI     LTSD
9CHANDU MURMU     IND
10PHOOLO DEVI     IND
11BABU LAL MARANDI     IND
12MANOJ PARASAR     IND
13MOHAMMAD HAMID MUBARAK     IND
14RAJGIRI SINGH     IND
15SUNIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY     IND
16HIMRAJ SINGH     IND
KASBA-58     BANMANKHI-59     RUPAULI-60     DHAMDAHA-61     PURNIA-62     KORHA-69
S04-12-BR-PURNIA     1UDAY SINGH ALIAS PAPPU SINGH     BJP
2NAVEEN KUMAR SINGH     BSP
3SHANKAR JHA     LJP
4ANIL KUMAR BHARTI     RVNP
5ASHOK KUMAR SAH     JMM
6IRSHAD AHMAD KHAN     LTSD
7MADHAVI SARKAR     CPI(ML)(L)
8MD AISUR RAHMAN     IND
9ABDUL SATTAR     IND
10ALIMUDDIN ANSARI     IND
11UPENDRA NATH SAGAR     IND
12KAUSHALYA DEVI     IND
13JAGDISH PRASAD YADAV     IND
14JIVACHH PASWAN     IND
15DEEP NARAYAN SINGH     IND
16PRAMOD NARAYAN PODDAR     IND
17VIJAY KUMAR SAH     IND
18SHANTI PRIYA     IND
19SHIEKH AKBAR ALI     IND
20SUNIL KUMAR     IND
ALAMNAGAR-70     BIHARIGANJ-71     MADHEPURA-73     SONBARSA-74     SAHARSA-75
MAHISHI-77
S04-13-BR-MADHEPURA     1OMPRAKASH NARAYAN     CPI
2DRTARA NAND SADA     INC
3PROF RAVINDRA CHARAN YADAV     RJD
4BINOD KUMAR JHA     BSP
5SHARAD YADAV     JD(U)
6DHANOJ KUMAR TANTI     RVNP
7RAVINDRA KUMAR     RSWD
8RAJO SAH     LTSD
9NKSINGH     SAP
10KARPURI RISHIDEO     IND
11KISHOR KUMAR     IND
12TIRO SHARAMA     IND
13DHRUVA KUMAR GUPTA     IND
14PRASANN KUMAR     IND
15BALWANT GADHWAL     IND
16MAHADEO YADAV     IND
17SAAKAR SURESH YADAV     IND
GORA BAURAM-79     BENIPUR-80     ALINAGAR-81     DARBHANGA RURAL-82
DARBHANGA-83     BAHADURPUR-85
S04-14-BR-DARBHANGA     1AJAY KUMAR JALAN     INC
2MD ALI ASHRAF FATMI     RJD
3KIRTI AZAD     BJP
4YUGESHWAR SAHNI     BSP
5KUMARI SURESHWARI     RMEP
6MD KHURSHID ALAM     AD
7DURGANAND MAHAVIR NAYAK     BJJD
8MD NIZAMUDDIN     IJP
9SATYANARAYAN MUKHIA     CPI(ML)(L)
10ABDUR RAHIM     IND
11GOVIND ACHARAY     IND
12BHARAT YADAV     IND
13LALBAHADUR YADAV     IND
14PROF HARERAM ACHARAY     IND
GAIGHAT-88     AURAI-89     BOCHAHA-91     SAKRA-92     KURHANI-93
MUZAFFARPUR-94
S04-15-BR-MUZAFFARPUR     1CAPTAIN JAI NARAYAN PRASAD NISHAD     JD(U)
2BHAGWANLAL SAHNI     LJP
3VINITA VIJAY     INC
4SAMEER KUMAR     BSP
5JITENDRA YADAV     CPI(ML)(L)
6DINESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA     RKSP
7DEVENDRA RAKESH     BJKVP
8NEELU SINGH     PSS
9MAHENDRA PRASAD     RPP
10MITHILESH KUMAR     RASED
11MOHAMMAD SHAMIM     RDMP
12MD RAHAMTULLAHA     ABJS
13RAM DAYAL RAM     AIFB
14REYAJ AHMAD ATISH     JGP
15MD SALEEM     RVNP
16ASHOK KUMAR LALAN     IND
17AHMAD RAZA     IND
18GEORGE FERNANDES     IND
19TARKESHWAR PASWAN     IND
20VIJENDRA CHAUDHARY     IND
21VINOD PASWAN     IND
22SHAMBHU SAHNI     IND
23SADANAND KISHORE THAKUR     IND
24SYED ALAMDAR HUSSAIN     IND
MINAPUR-90     KANTI-95     BARURAJ-96     PAROO-97     SAHEBGANJ-98
VAISHALI-125
S04-16-BR-VAISHALI     1RAGHUVANSH PRASAD SINGH     RJD
2VIJAY KUMAR SHUKLA     JD(U)
3SHANKAR MAHTO     BSP
4HIND KESRI YADAV     INC
5PUNAMRI DEVI     UWF
6PRAMOD KUMAR SHARMA     BJKVP
7BADRI PASWAN     RKSP
8BALAK NATH SAHANI     IJP
9LALJI KUMAR RAKESH     RASED
10BINOD PANDIT     LPSP
11INDARDEO RAI     IND
12JITENDRA PRASAD     IND
BAIKUNTHPUR-99     BARAULI-100     GOPALGANJ-101     KUCHAIKOTE-102
BHOREY-103     HATHUA-104
S04-17-BR-GOPALGANJ     1ANIL KUMAR     RJD
2JANAK RAM     BSP
3PURNMASI RAM     JD(U)
4RAMAI RAM     INC
5MADHU BHARTI     LTSD
6RAM KUMAR MANJHI     SBSP
7RAMASHANKAR RAM     RJJM
8SATYADEO RAM     CPI(ML)(L)
9ASHA DEVI     IND
10DINANATH MANJHI     IND
11DHARMENDRA KUMAR HAZRA     IND
12BANITHA BAITHA     IND
13RAJESH KUMAR RAM     IND
14RAM SURAT RAM     IND
15SHAMBHU DOM     IND
16SURENDRA PASWAN     IND
SIWAN-105     ZIRADEI-106     DARAULI-107     RAGHUNATHPUR-108     DARAUNDHA-109
BARHARIA-110
S04-18-BR-SIWAN     1PARASH NATH PATHAK     BSP
2BRISHIN PATEL     JD(U)
3VIJAY SHANKER DUBEY     INC
4HENA SHAHAB     RJD
5AMAR NATH YADAV     CPI(ML)(L)
6ASWANI KR VERMA     IJP
7MADHURI PANDAY     SJTP
8LAL BABU TIWARI     RKSP
9UMESH TIWARY     IND
10OM PRAKASH YADAV     IND
11NIDHI KIRTI     IND
12PRABHU NATH MALI     IND
13DR MUNESHWAR PRASAD     IND
14RAJENDRA KUMAR     IND
15SHAMBHU NATH PRASAD     IND
GORIYAKOTHI-111     MAHARAJGANJ-112     EKMA-113     MANJHI-114     BANIAPUR-115
TARAIYA-116
S04-19-BR-MAHARAJGANJ     1UMA SHANAKER SINGH     RJD
2TARKESHWAR SINGH     INC
3PRABHU NATH SINGH     JD(U)
4RAVINDRA NATH MISHRA     BSP
5RAMESH SINGH KUSHWAHA     LTSD
6SATYENDRA KR SAHANI     CPI(ML)(L)
7GAUTAM PRASAD     IND
8DHURENDRA RAM     IND
9NAYAN PRASAD     IND
10PRADEEP MANJHI     IND
11BANKE BIHARI SINGH     IND
12RAJESH KUMAR SINGH     IND
13BREENDA PATHAK     IND
MARHAURA-117     CHAPRA-118     GARKHA-119     AMNOUR-120     PARSA-121
SONEPUR-122
S04-20-BR-SARAN     1RAJIV PRATAP RUDY     BJP
2LALU PRASAD     RJD
3SALIM PERWEZ     BSP
4SANTOSH PATEL     LTSD
5SOHEL AKHATAR     BMF
6KUMAR BALRAM SINGH     IND
7DHUPENDRA SINGH     IND
8RAJKUMAR RAI     IND
9RAJAN HRISHIKESH CHANDRA     IND
10RAJARAM SAHANI     IND
11LAL BABU RAY     IND
12SHEO DAS SINGH     IND
HAJIPUR-123     LALGANJ-124     MAHUA-126     RAJA PAKAR-127     RAGHOPUR-128
MANHAR-129
S04-21-BR-HAJIPUR     1DASAI CHOUDHARY     INC
2MAHESHWAR DAS     BSP
3RAM VILAS PASWAN     LJP
4RAM SUNDAR DAS     JD(U)
5DINESH CHANDRA BHUSHAN     LTSD
6NAND LAL PASWAN     IND
7PRATIMA KUMARI     IND
8RAJENDRA KUMAR PASWAN     IND
9RAM TIRTH PASWAN     IND
10VISHWA VIJAY KUMAR VIDHYARTHI     IND
11SANJAY PASHWAN     IND
PATEPUR-130     UJIARPUR-134     MORWA-135     SARAIRANJAN-136
MOHIUDDINNAGAR-137     BIBHUTPUR-138
S04-22-BR-UJIARPUR     1ASWAMEDH DEVI     JD(U)
2ALOK KUMAR MEHTA     RJD
3RAMDEO VERMA     CPM
4VIJAYWANT KUMAR CHOUDHARY     BSP
5SHEEL KUMAR ROY     INC
6CHANDRA DEO ROY     SLP(L)
7JAI NARAYAN SAH     BJKVP
8JITENDRA KUMAR ROY     SHS
9TOSHAN SAH     RPP
10MD TAUKIR     SAP
11MASSOD HASSAN     MUL
12RAMNATH SINGH     RSWD
13ARJUN SAHNI     IND
14PRADEEP KUMAR     IND
15BRAJESH KUMAR NIRALA     IND
16MANSOOR     IND
17MOHAN PAUL     IND
18MOHAMMAD KURBAN     IND
19RATAN SAHNI     IND
20RAM SAGAR MAHTO     IND
21SANJAY KUMAR JHA     IND
22SUJIT KUMAR BHAGAT     IND
KUSHESHWAR ASTHAN-78     HAYAGHAT-84     KALYANPUR-131     WARISNAGAR-132
SAMASTIPUR-133     ROSERA-139
S04-23-BR-SAMASTIPUR     1DR ASHOK KUMAR     INC
2MAHESWER HAZARI     JD(U)
3RAM CHANDRA PASWAN     LJP
4BINDESHWAR PASWAN     BSP
5UPENDRA PASWAN     LTSD
6JEEBACHH PASWAN     CPI(ML)(L)
7RANDHIR PASWAN     IND
8RAJA RAM DAS     IND
9REKHA KUMARI     IND
10SHIVCHANDRA PASWAN     IND
11SATISH MAHTO     IND
CHERIA BARIARPUR-141     BACHHWARA-142     TEGHRA-143     MATIHANI-144
SAHEBPUR KAMAL-145     BEGUSARAI-146     BAKHRI-147
S04-24-BR-BEGUSARAI     1ANIL CHAUDHARY     LJP
2AMITA BHUSHAN     INC
3CHANDRASHEKHAR MAHTO     BSP
4DR MONAZIR HASSAN     JD(U)
5SHATRUGHAN PRASAD SINGH     CPI
6KISHORI PRASHAD MAHTO     LTSD
7RAM SAH     RPP
8AMIYA KASHYAP BIKKI     IND
9ARUN KUMAR     IND
10ASHOK SAH     IND
11DILIP KUMAR     IND
12NARENDRA KUMAR SINGH ALIAS BOGO SINGH     IND
13NARAYAN PRASAD HISARIYA     IND
14RANJEET PASWAN     IND
15RADHA RAMAN PASWAN     IND
16RAM DAYAL BHARTI     IND
17RAM NARESH PRASAD SINGH     IND
18RAMSHRAYA NISHAD     IND
19SAJJAN CHAUDHARY     IND
SIMRI BAKHTIARPUR-76     HASANPUR-140     ALAULI-148     KHAGARIA-149
BELDAUR-150     PARBATTA-151
S04-25-BR-KHAGARIA     1ASARFI PRASAD MEHTA     BSP
2CHOUDHARY MEHBOOB ALI KAISER     INC
3DINESH CHANDRA YADAV     JD(U)
4RAVINDAR KR RANA     RJD
5PAWAN KUMAR SUMAN     ABDBM
6BABLOO PASWAN     NNP
7BHARAT KUMAR YADAV     KVSP
8LAL BAHADUR HIMALAYA     RDMP
9HARI NANDAN SINGH     SJP(R)
10GULAB RAJ     IND
11NAIMUDDIN     IND
12NEHA CHAUHAN     IND
13PRADUMNA KUMAR     IND
14MANJU KUMARI     IND
15RAM NANDAN YADAV     IND
16SANGRAM KUMAR     IND
17SANJAY YADAV     IND
18SURESH PODDAR     IND
BIHPUR-152     GOPALPUR-153     PIRPAINTI-154     KAHALGAON-155
BHAGALPUR-156     NATHNAGAR-158
S04-26-BR-BHAGALPUR     1AJIT SHARMA     BSP
2SHAKUNI CHOUDHARY     RJD
3SADANAND SINGH     INC
4SUBODH ROY     CPM
5SYED SHAHNAWAZ HUSSAIN     BJP
6DAYA RAM MANDAL     BHJAP
7DEEPAK RAM     BSP(K)
8NARESH MANDAL     RPP
9MD IZRAIL     LTSD
10RAMAN SAH     BJJD
11RAM VILASH PASWAN     RWS
12SRINARAYAN GAUSWAMI     IJP
13AMIT KUMAR JHA     IND
14ANAND KUMAR JAIN     IND
15INDRADEO KUMAR SINGH     IND
16DINESH YADAV     IND
17DR N K YADAV     IND
18RATAN KUMAR MANDAL     IND
19RAVI SHANKAR SINGH     IND
20LADDU     IND
21SIKANDAR TANTI     IND
SULTANGANJ-157     AMARPUR-159     DHURAIYA-160     BANKA-161     KATORIA-162
BELHAR-163
S04-27-BR-BANKA     1GRIDHARI YADAV     INC
2JAI PRAKESH NARAIN YADAV     RJD
3DAMODAR RAWAT     JD(U)
4MUKESH KUMAR SINGH     BSP
5SANJAY KUMAR     CPI
6ANIL KUMAR ALIAS ANIL GUPTA     JVM
7AMRESHWAR KUMAR     JGP
8ARVIND KUMAR SAH     RPP
9KEDAR PRASAD SINGH     SJP(R)
10MAHBOOB ALAM ANSARI     BMF
11RAJENDRA PANDIT NETAJEE     JMM
12VIVEKA NAND JHA     RDMP
13CP SINHA     LTSD
14DIGVIJAY SINGH     IND
15NARAYAN RAM     IND
16MOHD HUMAYUN     IND
MUNGER-165     JAMALPUR-166     SURYAGARHA-167     LAKHISARAI-168     MOKAMA-178
BARH-179
S04-28-BR-MUNGER     1MANNU MAHTO     BSP
2RAJIV RANJAN SINGH ALIAS LALAN SINGH     JD(U)
3RAM BADAN ROY     RJD
4RAM LAKHAN SINGH     INC
5KUNDAN KUMAR     BJJD
6PRAMOD KUMAR SINGH     ABDBM
7BIPIN KUMAR PASWAN     NBNP
8RAMENDRA MOHAN RAJESH     RSWD
9LOKNATH KUSHWAHA     BMF
10UCHIT KUMAR     IND
11UMA SHANKAR BHAGAT ALIAS TUNTUN BHAIYA     IND
12NARESH MAHTO     IND
13PRAMOD KUMAR     IND
14BRAHMANAND MANDAL     IND
15RAJENDRA PRASAD SINGH     IND
16RADHIKA RAMAN SINGH     IND
17RAMDEO SINGH YADAV     IND
18SHANKAR LAL CHOKHANI     IND
19SHAILENDRA KUMAR     IND
20SURYODAY PASWAN     IND
ASTHAWAN-171     BISHARSHARIF-172     RAJGIR-173     ISLAMPUR-174     HILSA-175
NALANDA-176     HARNAUT-177
S04-29-BR-NALANDA     1KAUSHALENDRA KUMAR     JD(U)
2DEV KISHORE RAI     BSP
3RAMSWAROOP PRASAD     INC
4SATISH KUMAR     LJP
5ANIL SINGH     LTSD
6AMAR KANT SAH     RPP
7UJJWAL KANT HUNKAR     MUL
8DEVENDRA PRATAP     EKSP
9PRIYRANJAN KUMAR     BJJD
10RANJEET KUMAR     BPD
11REKHA KUMARI     AD
12VIJAY KUMAR     JPS
13VINOD KUMAR PATEL     LM
14SHASHI YADAV     CPI(ML)(L)
15SAUDAGAR RAM     BSKP
16HARICHARAN PRASAD     BMF
17ARUN KUMAR     IND
18KAPIL DEO SINGH     IND
19KUMAR RAJESH     IND
20KAUSHAL KUMAR KAUSHALENDRA SINHA     IND
21CHANDRAMANI KUMAR MANI     IND
22JITENDRA KUMAR     IND
23NARESH PASWAN     IND
24SANTOSH KUMAR     IND
25SARYUG PRASAD SAHASTH     IND
BAKHTIARPUR-180     DIGHA-181     BANKIPUR-182     KUMHRARH-183     PATNA
SAHIB-184     FATWAH-185
S04-30-BR-PATNA SAHIB     1VIJAY KUMAR     RJD
2SHATRUGHAN SINHA     BJP
3SHEKHAR SUMAN     INC
4ON MASUMI     LTSD
5DR DIWAKER TEJASWI     BUDM
6RAM NARAYAN RAI     CPI(ML)(L)
7HASSAN FAIZI HASHMI     ANC
8ANJANI KUMAR     IND
9KUMAR RAJIV     IND
10DEEPAK KUMAR SINGH     IND
11PANKAJ KUMAR SHARMA     IND
12PRAMOD KUMAR GUPTA     IND
13RAM BHAJAN SINGH NISHAD     IND
14VIDHAN CHANDRA RANA     IND
15SANJAY VERMA     IND
16HEMANT KUMAR SINGH     IND
DANAPUR-186     MANER-187     PHULWARI-188     MASAURHI-189     PALIGANJ-190
BIKRAM-191
S04-31-BR-PATALIPUTRA     1RANJAN PRASAD YADAV     JD(U)
2LALU PRASAD     RJD
3VIJAY SINGH YADAV     INC
4HARENDRA KUMAR PATEL     BSP
5KIRAN DEVI     RKJP
6KUNDAN KUMAR     RWS
7DR KRISHNADHAR SINGH     BJKD
8PANCHA DEVI     JGP
9PRABHUNATH YADAV     IJP
10MOHAMMAD AFTAB ALAM     LTSD
11MOHAMMAD SADRUDDIN     AIFB
12RAMESHWAR PRASAD     CPI(ML)(L)
13HASAN MANZOOR HASHMI     ANC
14AWADHESH SHARMA     IND
15DURGESH NANDAN SINGH     IND
16SUNIL KUMAR SINGH     IND
SANDESH-192     BARHARA-193     ARRAH-194     AGIAON-195     TARARI-196
JAGDISHPUR-197     SHAHPUR-198
S04-32-BR-ARRAH     1MEENA SINGH     JD(U)
2RAMA KISHORE SINGH     LJP
3REETA SINGH     BSP
4HARIDWAR PRASAD SINGH     INC
5AJIT PRASAD MEHTA     JKM
6ARUN SINGH     CPI(ML)(L)
7BHARAT BHUSAN PANDEY     ABJS
8RAMADHAR SINGH     SHS
9SAMBHU PRASAD SHARMA     AIFB
10SANTOSH KUMAR     RDMP
11SATYA NARAYAN YADAV     RASED
12SAIYAD GANIUDDIN HAIDER     ANC
13ASHOK KUMAR SINGH     IND
14BHARAT SINGH SAHYOGI     IND
15MAHESH RAM     IND
16SOBH NATH SINGH     IND
BARHAMPUR-199     BUXAR-200     DUMRAON-201     RAJPUR-202     RAMGARH-203
DINARA-210
S04-33-BR-BUXAR     1KAMLA KANT TIWARY     INC
2JAGADA NAND SINGH     RJD
3LAL MUNI CHOUBEY     BJP
4SHYAM LAL SINGH KUSHWAHA     BSP
5MOKARRAM HUSSAIN     SBSP
6MOHAN SAH     BJJD
7RAJENDRA SINGH MAURYA     LTSD
8DR VIJENDRA NATH UPADHYAY     SHS
9SHYAM BIHARI BIND     JPS
10SATYENDRA OJHA     AD
11SUDAMA PRASAD     CPI(ML)(L)
12SURESH WADEKAR     RPI
13KAMLESH CHOUDHARY     IND
14JAI SINGH YADAV     IND
15DADAN SINGH     IND
16PRATIBHA DEVI     IND
17PHULAN PANDIT     IND
18RAJENDRA PASWAN     IND
19LALLAN RUPNARAIN PATHAK     IND
20SHIV CHARAN YADAV     IND
21SUNIL KUMAR DUBEY     IND
22SURENDRA KUMAR BHARTI     IND
MOHANIA-204     BHABUA-205     CHAINPUR-206     CHENARI-207     SASARAM-208
KARGAHAR-209
S04-34-BR-SASARAM     1GANDHI AZAD     BSP
2MEIRA KUMAR     INC
3MUNI LAL     BJP
4LALAN PASWAN     RJD
5DUKHI RAM     CPI(ML)(L)
6BABBAN CHAUDHARY     LTSD
7BALIRAM RAM     PMSP
8BHOLA PRASAD     IJP
9RADHA DEBI     AD
10RAM NAGINA RAM     RKJP
11RAM YADI RAM     RPI
12PRAMOD KUMAR     IND
13BHARAT RAM     IND
14MUNIYA DEBI     IND
15RAM PRAVESH RAM     IND
16SURENDRA RAM     IND
NOKHA-211     DEHRI-212     KARAKAT-213     GOH-219     OBRA-220     NABINAGAR-221
S04-35-BR-KARAKAT     1AWADHESH KUMAR SINGH     INC
2UPENDRA KUMAR SHARMA     BSP
3KANTI SINGH     RJD
4MAHABALI SINGH     JD(U)
5AJAY KUMAR     RPI(A)
6JYOTI RASHMI     RSWD
7MUDREEKA YADAV     AD
8RAJ KISHOR MISRA     AJSP
9RAJA RAM SINGH     CPI(ML)(L)
10MDSHAMIULLAH MANSOORI     SSD
11ERABDUL SATAR     IND
12AMAVAS RAM     IND
13PRO KAMTA PRASAD YADAV     IND
14GIRISH NARAYAN SINGH     IND
15SATISH PANDEY     IND
16HARI PRASAD SINGH     IND
ARWAL-214     KURTHA-215     JAHANABAD-216     GHOSI-217     MAKHDUMPUR-218
ATRI-233
S04-36-BR-JAHANABAD     1DR ARUN KUMAR     INC
2JAGDISH SHARMA     JD(U)
3RAMADHAR SHARMA     BSP
4SURENDRA PRASAD YADAV     RJD
5AYASHA KHATUN     LTSD
6PROF JAI RAM PRASAD SINGH     SSD
7TARA GUPTA     RPP
8MAHANAND PRASAD     CPI(ML)(L)
9RAMASRAY PRASAD SINGH     RLD
10MD SAHABUDDIN JAHAN     BSKP
11SHRAVAN KUMAR     LM
12SADHU SINHA     AIFB
13SYED AKBAR IMAM     ABAS
14AJAY KUMAR VERMA     IND
15ABHAY KUMAR ANIL     IND
16DR ARBIND KUMAR     IND
17ARVIND PRASAD SINGH     IND
18UPENDRA PRASAD     IND
19JAGDISH YADAV     IND
20PRIKSHIT SINGH     IND
21PRABHAT KUMAR RANJAN     IND
22RANJIT SHARMA     IND
23RAKESHWAR KISHOR     IND
24SIYA RAM PRASAD     IND
25SUMIRAK SINGH     IND
KUTUMBA-222     AURANGABAD-223     RAFIGANJ-224     GURUA-225     IMAMGANJ-227
TIKARI-231
S04-37-BR-AURANGABAD     1ARCHANA CHANDRA     BSP
2NIKHIL KUMAR     INC
3SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN     RJD
4SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH     JD(U)
5ANIL KUMAR SINGH     RSWD
6AMERIKA MAHTO     SSD
7RAM KUMAR MEHTA     LTSD
8VIJAY PASWAN     BSKP
9ASLAM ANSARI     IND
10INDRA DEO RAM     IND
11UDAY PASWAN     IND
12PUNA DAS     IND
13RANJEET KUMAR     IND
14RAJENDRA YADAV     IND
15RAMSWARUP PRASAD YADAV     IND
16SANTOSH KUMAR     IND
SHERGHATI-226     BARACHATTI-228     BODH GAYA-229     GAYA TOWN-230
BELAGANJ-232     WAZIRGANJ-234
S04-38-BR-GAYA     1KALAWATI DEVI     BSP
2RAMJI MANJHI     RJD
3SANJIV PRASAD TONI     INC
4HARI MANJHI     BJP
5DILIP PASWAN     NBNP
6NIRANJAN KUMAR     CPI(ML)(L)
7RAJESH KUMAR     LTSD
8RAMDEV ARYA PAAN     ABJS
9AMAR NATH PRASAD     IND
10KRISHNA CHOUDHARY     IND
11KAIL DAS     IND
12DIPAK PASWAN     IND
13RAM KISHORE PASWAN     IND
14RAMU PASWAN     IND
15SHIV SHANKAR KUMAR     IND
16SHYAM LAL MANJHI     IND
BARBIGHA-170     RAJAULI-235     HISUA-236     NAWADA-237     GOBINDPUR-238
WARSALIGANJ-239
S04-39-BR-NAWADA     1GANESH SHANKAR VIDYARTHI     CPM
2BHOLA SINGH     BJP
3MASIH UDDIN     BSP
4VEENA DEVI     LJP
5SUNILA DEVI     INC
6UMAKANT RAHI     SSD
7KAILASH PAL     BSKP
8VIDHYAPATI SINGH     LTSD
9SURENDRA KUMAR CHAUDHARY     SBSP
10AKHILESH SINGH     IND
11ANIL MEHTA     IND
12KAUSHAL YADAV     IND
13CHANCHALA DEVI     IND
14DURGA PRASAD DHAR     IND
15NAVIN KUMAR VERMA     IND
16RAJ KISHOR RAJ     IND
17RAJ BALLABH PRASAD     IND
18RAJENDRA VISHAL     IND
19RAJENDRA SINGH     IND
20SHAMBHU PRASAD     IND
21SUNIL KUMAR     IND
TARAPUR-164     SHEIKHPURA-169     SIKANDRA-240     JAMUI-241     JHAJHA-242
CHAKAI-243
S04-40-BR-JAMUI     1ASHOK CHOUDHARY     INC
2GAJADHAR RAJAK     CPI
3BHAGWAN DAS     BSP
4BHUDEO CHOUDHARY     JD(U)
5SHYAM RAJAK     RJD
6ARJUN MANJHI     JGP
7UPENDRA RAVIDAS     SAP
8OM PRAKASH PASWAN     LTSD
9GULAB CHANDRA PASWAN     RKJP
10NUNDEO MANJHI     JVM
11PRASADI PASWAN     JMM
12SUBHASH PASWAN     STPI
13KAPILDEO DAS     IND
14JAY SEKHAR MANJHI     IND
15PAPPU RAJAK     IND
16YOGENDRA PASWAN     IND
17VIJAY PASWAN     IND
18BILAKSHAN RAVIDAS     IND
19SARYUG PASWAN     IND
MANDREM-1     PERNEM-2     BICHOLIM-3     TIVIM-4     MAPUSA-5     SIOLIM-6
SALIGAO-7     CALANGUTE-8     PORVORIM-9     ALDONA-10
S05-1-GA-NORTH GOA     1CHRISTOPHER FONSECA     CPI
2JITENDRA RAGHURAJ DESHPRABHU     NCP
3RAUT PANDURANG DATTARAM     MAG
4SHRIPAD YESSO NAIK     BJP
5UPENDRA CHANDRU GAONKAR     SHS
6NARACINVA SURYA SALGAONKAR     IND
7MARTHA D SOUZA     IND
PONDA-21     SIRODA-22     MARCAIM-23     MORMUGAO-24     VASCO-DA-GAMA-25
DABOLIM-26     CORTALIM-27     NUVEM-28     CURTORIM-29     FATORDA-30
S05-2-GA-SOUTH GOA     1COSME FRANCISCO CAITANO SARDINHA     INC
2ADV NARENDRA KESHAV SAWAIKAR     BJP
3ADV RAJU MANGESHKAR ALIAS RAJENDRA NAIK     CPI
4ROHIDAS HARICHANDRA BORKAR     SGF
5MATANHY SALDANHA     UGDP
6DIAS JAWAHAR     IND
7DERICK DIAS     IND
8FRANCISCO ANTONIO JOAO DE PHILOMENO FERNANDES     IND
9MULLA SALIM     IND
10SALUNKE SMITA PRAVEEN     IND
11HAMZA KHAN     IND
ABDASA-1     MANDVI-2     BHUJ-3     ANJAR-4     GANDHIDHAM-5     RAPAR-6     MORBI-65
S06-1-GJ-KACHCHH     1JAT POONAMBEN VELJIBHAI     BJP
2DANICHA VALJIBHAI PUNAMCHANDRA     INC
3NAMORI MOHANBHAI LADHABHAI     BSP
4CHAUHAN MOTILAL DEVJIBHA     LPSP
5DR TINA MAGANBHAI PARMAR     BNJD
6DUNGARIYA BHARMALBHAI NARANBHAI     SP
7PARMAR MUKESHBHAI MANDANBHAI     IJP
8BADIYA RAMESH GANGJI     RKSP
9KANJI ABHABHAI MAHESHWARI     IND
10GARVA ASMAL THAKARSHI     IND
11GOVIND JIVABHAI DAFADA     IND
12MAHESHWARI GANGJI DAYABHAI     IND
13MAHESHWARI DHANJIBHAI KARSHANBHAI     IND
14MANGALIYA LILBAI JIVANBHAI     IND
15MUNSHI BHURALAL KHIMJIBHAI     IND
16VANZARA HIRABEN DALPATBHAI     IND
17SARESA NANJI BHANJIBHAI     IND
VAV-7     THARAD-8     DHANERA-9     DANTA-10     PALANPUR-12     DEESA-13
DEODAR-14
S06-2-GJ-BANASKANTHA     1GADHVI MUKESHKUMAR BHAIRAVDANJI     INC
2CHETANBHAI KALABHAI SOLANKI     BSP
3CHAUDHARI HARIBHAI PARATHIBHAI     BJP
4AMRUTBHAI LAKHUBHAI PATELFOSI     MJP
5KATARIYA HASMUKHBHAI RAVJIBHAI     LSWP
6LODHA ISHVARBHAI MAHADEVBHAI     ABJS
7KARNAVAT YOGESHKUMAR BHIKHABHAI     IND
8PARSANI MAHMAD SIKANDAR JALALBHAI     IND
9PUROHIT ASHOKBHAI CHHAGANBHAI     IND
10MAJIRANA BHOPAJI AASHAJI     IND
11ROOTHAR LEBUJI PARBATJI     IND
12SHARDABEN BHIKHABHAI PARMAR     IND
13SAVJIBHAI PATHUBHAI RAJGOR     IND
14SIPAI AAIYUBBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI     IND
15SHRIMALI ASHOKBHAI BALCHANDBHAI     IND
VADGAM-11     KANKREJ-15     RADHANPUR-16     CHANASMA-17     PATAN-18
SIDHPUR-19     KHERALU-20
S06-3-GJ-PATAN     1KHOKHAR MAHEBOOBKHAN RAHEMATKHAN     BSP
2JAGDISH THAKOR     INC
3BAROT SANJAYBHAI MAGANBHAI     NCP
4RATHOD BHAVSINHBHAI DAHYABHAI     BJP
5PATAVAT MAHAMMADBHAI SHARIFBHAI     SP
6PATEL NARANBHAI PRAGDASBHAI     MJP
7RAVAL BHURABHAI MOTIBHAI     BNJD
8KANUBHAI BHURABHAI MAHESHVARI MANDOVARA     IND
9CHAUDHARY KIRTIKUMAR JESANGBHAI     IND
10CHAUDHARY MANSINHBHAI MANABHAI     IND
11JUDAL GANESHBHAI MEGHRAJBHAI     IND
12PATEL DILIPKUMAR LILACHAND     IND
13PATEL MANORBHAI VIRAMDAS     IND
14PATEL RAMESHBHAI GOVINDBHAI     IND
15BRAHMAKSHATRIY NIRUPABEN NATVARLAL     IND
16RAJPUT JAGATSINH SAMANTSING     IND
UNJHA-21     VISNAGAR-22     BECHARAJI-23     KADI-24     MAHESANA-25
VIJAPUR-26     MANSA-37
S06-4-GJ-MAHESANA     1ZALA RUDRADATTSINH VANRAJSINH     BSP
2PATEL JAYSHREEBEN KANUBHAI     BJP
3PATEL JIVABHAI AMBALAL     INC
4THAKOR AMARSINH RAMSINH BABUJI     MJP
5DR P C PATEL MBBS MD     BRP
6BABUBHAI ISHWARBHAI PRAJAPATI     VHS
7CHAVDA SHANKARJI BADARJI     IND
8THAKOR RAMANJI SHIVAJI     IND
9NAYEE KOKILABEN MANUBHAI ALIAS MAHENDRABHAI     IND
10PATEL JIVRAMBHAI HIRDAS     IND
11PATEL MANOJKUMAR BAHECHARDAS     IND
12PATEL LALJIBHAI KESHAVLAL     IND
HIMATNAGAR-27     IDAR-28     KHEDBRAHMA-29     BHILODA-30     MODASA-31
BAYAD-32     PRANTIJ-33
S06-5-GJ-SABARKANTHA     1CHAUHAN MAHENDRASINH     BJP
2MISTRY MADHUSUDAN     INC
3RAMLAVAT VIKRAMSINH LAXMANSINH     BSP
4KADARI MOLANA RIYAZ     SP
5PARMAR MINABA DIPSINH     IJP
6SINHALI DASHRATH CHANDULAL     CPI(ML)(L)
7CHAUHAN MAHENDRASINH PADAMSINH     IND
8TRIVEDI BALKRUSHN PRANLAL     IND
9PATEL KANTIBHAI KHUSHALBHAI     IND
10PATEL DANABHAI BECHARBHAI     IND
11RATHOD SABIRMIYA AMIRMIYA     IND
12SOLANKI CHHAGANBHAI KEVALABHAI     IND
GANDHINAGAR NORTH-36     KALOL-38     SANAND-40     GHATLODIA-41     VEJALPUR-42
NARANPURA-45     SABARMATI-55
S06-6-GJ-GANDHINAGAR     1LKADVANI     BJP
2PATEL SURESHKUMAR CHATURDAS SURESH PATEL     INC
3RAKESH PANDEY     BSP
4ASHOKKUMAR ISHVARBHAI PATEL     BNJD
5KHALIFA SAMSUDDIN NASIRUDDIN JUGNU     LSWP
6TRIVEDI SUNILBHAI MANUBHAI     MJP
7FIROZ DEHLVI     AIMF
8MEMON FATAMABEN FARUKBHAI     IJP
9KALPESHKUMAR RAJANIKANT MODI     IND
10THAKUR RAKESHBHAI RAJDEVSINGH     IND
11PATEL SIDDHESH DINESHBHAI     IND
12PARIKH HETA KUMARPAL     IND
13BRAHMBHATT SANJAYBHAI AMARKUMAR     IND
14MAKWANA ANILKUMAR SOMABHAI     IND
15DRMALLIKA SARABHAI     IND
16MAHANTSHRI DHARAMDASBAPU     IND
17RAHUL CHIMANBHAI MEHTA     IND
18VAGHELA SUKHDEVSINH PARBATSINH     IND
19SHAH MUKESH     IND
DEHGAM-34     GANDHINAGAR SOUTH-35     VATVA-43     NIKOL-46     NARODA-47
THAKKARBAPA NAGAR-48     BAPUNAGAR-49
S06-7-GJ-AHMEDABAD EAST     1PATEL BHOLABHAI VALJIBHAI KAKDIYA     NCP
2BABARIYA DIPAKBHAI RATILAL     INC
3VIRUBHAI N VANZARA     BSP
4HARIN PATHAK     BJP
5PATEL PRAVIN RAMBHAI     MJP
6PREMHARI RAMESHCHANDRA SHARMA     NLHP
7BHATT SANJIV INDRAVADAN     BNJD
8RAJPUT RANJEETSINGH RAMSHANKARSINH     IJP
9RAJPUT SANJITKUMAR RADHAKRISHNASINH     SP
10DR N T SENGAL     LSWP
11HASRATH JAYRAM PAGARE     RSPS
12KHODABHAI LALJIBHAI DESAI     IND
13THAKKAR PARESHBHAI RASIKLAL     IND
14PATEL BHAVINBHAI AMRUTBHAI     IND
15BUDHDHPRIYA JASVANT SOMABHAI     IND
16MAURYA RAJESH HARIRAM     IND
17SHARMA ANILKUMAR BRIJENDRABHAI     IND
18SHARMA BRIJESHKUMAR UJAGARLAL     IND
ELLISBRIDGE-44     AMRAIWADI-50     DARIAPUR-51     JAMALPUR – KHADIA-52
MANINAGAR-53     DANILIMDA-54     ASARWA-56
S06-8-GJ-AHMEDABAD WEST     1PARMAR SHAILESH MANHARLAL     INC
2DR PRAVIN S SOLANKI     BSP
3DR SOLANKI KIRITBHAI PREMJIBHAI     BJP
4PARMAR MOHANBHAI KARSHANBHAI     LPSP
5MAKWANA ISHWARBHAI DHANABHAI     LJP
6VIJAYKUMAR MANJIBHAI VADHER     AIMF
7SAVLE BHIKA FULA     RPI(A)
8SHIRSATH VEDUBHAI KAUTIKBHAI     IJP
9SANKHALIYA NARENDRASINH MANSINH     LSWP
10CHAUHAN PRAHLADBHAI NATTHUBHAI     IND
11VANZARA DALPATBHAI KHIMABHAI     IND
12VORA RATNABEN DAHYABHAI     IND
13SHAH ISHWARBHAI KHANDAS     IND
14SOLANKI KANTIBHAI HEMABHAI     IND
15SOLANKI RAMESHBHAI DANABHAI     IND
16SOLANKI VITTHALBHAI MAGANBHAI     IND
VIRAMGAM-39     DHANDHUKA-59     DASADA-60     LIMBDI-61     WADHWAN-62
CHOTILA-63     DHRANGADHRA-64
S06-9-GJ-SURENDRANAGAR     1KOLI PATEL SOMABHAI     INC
2PATEL MOHANBHAI DAHYABHAI     BSP
3MER LALJIBHAI CHATURBHAI     BJP
4JAGRUTIBEN BABULAL GADA SHAH     MJP
5DHAVANIYA BACHUBHAI CHHAGANBHAI     LPSP
6PATADIYA KHIMJIBHAI HARAJIVANBHAI     KKJHS
7VAGHELA SATUBHA KANUBHA     ABJS
8KORDIA ALTAFBHAI VALIBHAI     IND
9JADAV BHAGWANBHAI MATHURBHAI     IND
10DABHI MOHANBHAI TULSHIBHAI     IND
11DERVALIA MEDHABHAI KALABHAI     IND
12NAYAKPRA HITESH BHAGVANGIBHAI     IND
13PATEL ASHOKKUMAR CHIMANLAL     IND
14BHARATBHAI RAMNIKLAL MAKWANA     IND
15BHATIYA NARANBHAI KEHARBHAI     IND
16UKABHAI AMARABHAI MAKWANA     IND
17MER MAVJIBHAI KUKABHAI     IND
18RABA HARSURBHAI RAMBHAI     IND
19SAVUKIYA LALJIBHAI MOHANLAL     IND
20SOLANKI KARSHANBHAI JIVABHAI     IND
TANKARA-66     WANKANER-67     RAJKOT EAST-68     RAJKOT WEST-69     RAJKOT
SOUTH-70     RAJKOT RURAL-71     JASDAN-72
S06-10-GJ-RAJKOT     1KIRANKUMAR VALJIBHAI BHALODIA PATEL     BJP
2KUVARJIBHAI MOHANBHAI BAVALIA     INC
3DHEDHI DALEECHANDBHAI LIRABHAI PATEL     BSP
4SUDHIR JOSHI     CPM
5KUBAVAT BABUDAS CHHAGANDAS     ABJS
6GOKALBHAI KHODABHAI PARMAR     LPSP
7JASVANTBHAI RANCHHODBHAI SABHAYA     SP
8JADEJA SATUBHA AMARSANG     NSCP
9NARENDRASINH TAPUBHA JADEJA     RKSP
10BABULAL DEVJIBHAI GHAVA     LJP
11VEKARIA ALPESHBHAI KESHUBHAI     MJP
12AJITSINH HARISINH JADEJA     IND
13ARVINDBHAI JADAVJIBHAI RATHOD     IND
14KESHUBHAI DHANJIBHAI VEKARIYA     IND
15CHAVDA LAKHMANBHAI DEVJIBHAI     IND
16DR ZAKIRHUSEN MATHAKIYA     IND
17DUDHATRA MUKUNDBHAI GOVINDBHAI     IND
18NAYANBHAI HASHMUKHBHAI UPADHYAY     IND
19PRAVINBHAI MEGHJIBHAI DENGADA     IND
20BHIKHABHAI KURJIBHAI SADADIYA     IND
21MULTANI SUBHANBHAI POPATBHAI     IND
22RABARI MOMAIYABHAI ALABHAI     IND
23DRRAJESHKUMAR SHANTIBHAI MAKADIA PATEL     IND
24VEKARIYA PRAGJIBHAI NATHUBHAI     IND
25SAROLA GEETABEN MANJIBHAI     IND
26HARSODA MAHESH HIRABHAI     IND
27HIRABHAI GORDHANBHAI CHANGELA     IND
GONDAL-73     JETPUR-74     DHORAJI-75     PORBANDAR-83     KUTIYANA-84
MANAVADAR-85     KESHOD-88
S06-11-GJ-PORBANDAR     1KHACHARIYA MANSUKHBHAI SHAMJIBHAI     BJP
2CHANDRAVADIYA MEHULKUMAR KARSANBHAI     BSP
3RADADIYA VITTHALBHAI HANSRAJBHAI     INC
4JADEJA NATHABHAI JIVABHAI     IJP
5PATOLIYA MANOJBHAI SAMJIBHAI     IND
6BHATT NITINBHAI VRUJLAL     IND
7RAJENDRA AMRUTLAL PARMAR     IND
KALAVAD-76     JAMNAGR RURAL-77     JAMNAGAR NORTH-78     JAMNAGAR SOUTH-79
JAMJODHPUR-80     KHAMBHALIA-81     DWARKA-82
S06-12-GJ-JAMNAGAR     1AHIR VIKRAMBHAI ARJANBHAI MADAM     INC
2CHAVDA JAYSUKHBHAI TRIKAMBHAI     BSP
3MUNGRA RAMESHBHAI DEVRAJBHAI     BJP
4CHAUHAN DINESHBHAI KALABHAI     RPI(A)
5JADEJA HITENDRASINH JAYVANTSINH     RKSP
6MANHARBHAI KACHARABHAI RATHOD     RSP(S)
7DR VASANTBHAI MANILAL SANGHAVI     ABJS
8VADHER CHANDUBHA MANUBHA     MJP
9GOJIYA VIRABHAI MALDEBHAI     IND
10CHAVDA DEVAYATBHAI JIVABHAI     IND
11DOSANI IDRISBHAI ISMAILBHAI     IND
12DEVGANA GAURIBEN MOHANBHAI     IND
13DHARMENDRABHAI MAGANLAL PATEL     IND
14NOYDA MAMAD NATHUBHAI     IND
15PADHIYAR GOVINDBHAI LALJIBHAI     IND
16PARMAR BHURALAL MEGHJIBHAI     IND
17POPATPUTRA RAFIK ABUBAKAR     IND
18BHAGAD SALIM OSMAN     IND
19MAHESHBHAI PARSOTAMBHAI VADI     IND
20VYAS RAJESH SHIVSHANKAR     IND
21SACHADA HABIBBHAI ISHABHAI     IND
22SAGATHIYA VINODBHAI VIRJIBHAI     IND
JUNAGADH-86     VISAVADAR-87     MANGROL-89     SOMNATH-90     TALALA-91
KODINAR-92     UNA-93
S06-13-GJ-JUNAGADH     1BARAD JASHUBHAI DHANABHAI     INC
2SOLANKI DINUBHAI BOGHABHAI     BJP
3KUNJADIYA VALLABHBHAI RAMBHAI     ABMSD
4CHANDULAL BHANUBHAI DHADUK CHANDRESHBHAI     MJP
5DANGAR BRIJESH RAMBHAI     RWS
6BHUT ASHOKBHAI BHIMJIBHAI     RSP(S)
7MAHIDA CHANDRASINH HAMIRBHAI     RPI(A)
8HUSENKHAN SARVARKHAN PATHAN     SP
9HETALKUMAR NAROTAMBHAI THUMBAR     BNJD
10KAMALIYA VASHRAMBHAI PUNJABHAI     IND
11DR KOYANI BHARATKUMAR KANJIBHAI     IND
12CHAND MOHAMAD YUSUF UMARBHAI     IND
13PARMAR SAVJIBHAI BHIKHABHAI     IND
14VALA VIRAMBHAI NATHUBHAI     IND
15SEVRA BACHUBHAI KALABHAI     IND
16HARILAL RANCHHODBHAI CHAUHAN     IND
DHARI-94     AMRELI-95     LATHI-96     SAVARKUNDLA-97     RAJULA-98     MAHUVA-99
GARIADHAR-101
S06-14-GJ-AMRELI     1KACHHADIA NARANBHAI     BJP
2NILABEN VIRJIBHAI THUMMAR     INC
3DBBHAROLA     BSP
4MADHUBHAI BHUVA     NCP
5KASVALA JAYSUKHABHAI LALJIBHAI     LSWP
6BARAIYA CHANDRAKANT RAMJIBHAI CHANDU PATEL     SP
7MAKAVANA SAMATBHAI BHIKHABHAI     RKSP
8RAMESH GOHIL     MJP
9ASLALIYA CHANDUBHAI RANABHAI     IND
10KHOKHAR GULMAHMAD ISMILE     IND
11GOHIL RAMBHAI JINABHAI     IND
12NILABEN THUMAR     IND
13RAMESHBHAI JASHABHAI PARMAR     IND
14VALJIBHAI LALLUBHAI SHIROYA     IND
15SANGANI RAMESHBHAI KANUBHAI     IND
16SUKHADIA NATHALAL V     IND
TALAJA-100     PALITANA-102     BHAVNAGAR RURAL-103     BHAVNAGAR EAST-104
BHAVNAGAR WEST-105     GADHADA-106     BOTAD-107
S06-15-GJ-BHAVNAGAR     1GOHILMAHAVIRSINHBHAGIRATHSINH     INC
2RANA RAJENDRASINH GHANSHYAMSINH     BJP
3BORICHA VALJIBHAI BAGHABHAI     BSP
4ATUL HARSHADRAI PANDYA     BNJD
5GOHIL NANAJIBHAI MADHABHAI     RPI(A)
6ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI     MJP
7DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI     SJP(R)
8YADAVKOLI TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI     SP
9SAPARIA DINESH NANUBHAI     LPSP
10KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI     IND
11CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI     IND
12CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI     IND
13NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI SONANI     IND
14PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI     IND
15MISOLANKI     IND
16HARIN RAMNIKLAL MAKWANA     IND
KHAMBHAT-108     BORSAD-109     ANKLAV-110     UMRETH-111     ANAND-112
PETLAD-113     SOJITRA-114
S06-16-GJ-ANAND     1PATEL DIPAKBHAI CHIMANBHAI     BJP
2PARMAR BABUBHAI BECHARBHAI     NCP
3SOLANKI BHARATBHAI MADHAVSINH     INC
4PARMAR HITENDRASINH MOHANSINH     SP
5RATHOD HIMMATBHAI MOHANHAI     IJP
6SAMIRBHAI GIRISHBHAI PATEL     SVPP
7CHAVDA KAUSHIKKMAR RAJIVBHAI     IND
8DAVE AMRISHBHAI VADILAL     IND
9PATEL JAYESHBHAI ARVINDBHAI     IND
10BHARATBHAI VINUBHAI BHOI     IND
11MALEK GULAMMAHMMED ABDULKARIM     IND
12LALJIBHAI GANESHJI PUROHIT     IND
13LEELABEN RAVJIBHAI PARMAR     IND
14SAIYED MAHEBUBALI HUSAINMIYA     IND
15SOLANKI BHARAT BABUBHAI     IND
DASKROI-57     DHOLKA-58     MATAR-115     NADIAD-116     MEHMEDABAD-117
MAHUDHA-118     KAPADVANJ-120
S06-17-GJ-KHEDA     1CHAUHAN DEVUSINH JESINGBHAI     BJP
2CHAUHAN RATANSINH UDESINH     BSP
3DINSHA PATEL     INC
4DODIYA HEMALSINH DAJIBHAI ALIAS DODIYA BATUKSINH     MJP
5ALPESHSINH SURUBHA VAGHELA     IND
6CHRISTI VASANTBHAI OTABHAI     IND
7KHALIFA ZAKIRHUSEN GULAMNABI     IND
8PATEL BHARATKUMAR VISHNUBHAI     IND
9SHEKH TAUFIKHUSEN GULAMRASUL     IND
THASRA-119     BALASINOR-121     LUNAWADA-122     SHEHRA-124     MORVA HADAF-125
GODHRA-126     KALOL-127
S06-18-GJ-PANCHMAHAL     1CHAUHAN PRABHATSINH PRATAPSINH     BJP
2BAROT PRAKASHKUMAR MANEKLAL     BSP
3VAGHELA SHANKERSINH LAXMANSINH     INC
4MANSURI MUKHTYAR MOHAMAD     ABMSD
5SHAIKH KALIM ALATIF     LJP
SANTRAMPUR-123     FATEPURA-129     JHALOD-130     LIMKHEDA-131     DAHOD-132
GARBADA-133     DEVGADBARIA-134
S06-19-GJ-DAHOD     1KATARA SINGJIBHAI JALJIBHAI     CPM
2KALARA RAMSINGBHAI NANJIBHAI     BSP
3DAMOR SOMJIBHAI PUNJABHAI     BJP
4DR PRABHA KISHOR TAVIAD     INC
5MEDA KALSINHBHAI TAJSINHBHAI     NCP
6PARMAR DINESHBHAI NAGJIBHAI     IJP
7KCMUNIA ADVOCATE     SP
SAVLI-135     VAGHODIA-136     VADODARA CITY-141     SAYAJIGUNJ-142
AKOTA-143     RAOPURA-144     MANJALPUR-145
S06-20-GJ-VADODARA     1GAEKWAD SATYAJITSINH DULIPSINH     INC
2PUROHIT VINAYKUMAR RAMANBHAI     BSP
3BALKRISHNA KHANDERAO SHUKLA BALU SHUKLA     BJP
4GIRISHBHAI MADHAVLAL BHAVSAR     IND
5THAVARDAS AMULRAI CHOITHANI     IND
6TAPAN DASGUPTA TAPANBHAI     IND
7VASAVA HARILAL SHANABHAI     IND
HALOL-128     CHHOTA UDAIPUR-137     JETPUR-138     SANKHEDA-139     DABHOI-140
PADRA-146     NANDOD-148
S06-21-GJ-CHHOTA UDAIPUR     1BHIL PRAKASHBHAI SOMABHAI     BSP
2RATHWA NARANBHAI JEMLABHAI     INC
3RATHWA RAMSINGBHAI PATALBHAI     BJP
4VASAVABHIL VITTHALBHAI VENIBHAI     IND
KARJAN-147     DEDIAPADA-149     JAMBUSAR-150     VAGRA-151     JHAGADIA-152
BHARUCH-153     ANKLESHWAR-154
S06-22-GJ-BHARUCH     1UMERJI AHMED UGHARATDAR AZIZ TANKARVI     INC
2PANDEY SANATKUMAR RAJARAM     BSP
3BALVANTSINH VIJAYSINH PARMAR     NCP
4MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA     BJP
5KANAKSINH MANGROLA     SP
6NARENDRASINH RANDHIRSINH VASHI     LSWP
7PATEL NARESHKUMAR BHAGVANBHAI NARESH PATEL     MJP
8PATEL MEHRUNNISHA VALLI ADAM     LJP
9VASAVA CHHOTUBHAI AMARSINHBHAI     JD(U)
10SURESHBHAI GORDHANBHAI VASAVA     ABJS
11GOHIL HEMANTKUMAR JERAMBHAI     IND
12DILIPKUMAR GULSINGBHAI VASAVA     IND
13PATEL THAKORBHAI CHANDULAL     IND
14LAKDAWALA SHAKIL AHEMAD     IND
15LAD MAHIPATBHAI MAGANBHAI     IND
MANGROL-156     MANDVI-157     KAMREJ-158     BARDOLI-169     MAHUVA-170
VYARA-171     NIZAR-172
S06-23-GJ-BARDOLI     1GAMIT RANJANBEN CHIMANBHAI     BSP
2CHAUDHARI TUSHARBHAI AMRASINHBHAI     INC
3PATEL SONABEN BHIKHUBHAI     CPI
4VASAVA RITESHKUMAR AMARSINH     BJP
5CHAUDHARI KAMLESHBHAI PRABHUBHAI     JD(U)
6PATEL VIJAYKUMAR HARIBHAI     MJP
7RATHOD PRAVINBHAI BHULABHAI     SP
8ARJUNBHAI BHALJIBHAI CHAUDHARI     IND
9GAMIT THAKORBHAI MANEKJIBHAI     IND
10GAMIT SUMANBHAI NARSINHBHAI     IND
11RATHOD SUKABHAI MANGABHAI     IND
12VASAVA PRAVINSINH JAGATSINH     IND
OLPAD-155     SURAT EAST-159     SURAT NORTH-160     VARACHHA ROAD-161
KARANJ-162     KATARGAM-166     SURAT WEST-167
S06-24-GJ-SURAT     1AJAYKUMAR DINESHBHAI PATEL     BSP
2GAJERA DHIRUBHAI HARIBHAI     INC
3SHRIMATI DARSHANA VIKRAM JARDOSH     BJP
4PATEL KANUBHAI HARIBHAI     LSWP
5PRAJAPATI MUKESHBHAI AMBALIYA     LPSP
6FAKIRBHAI CHAUHAN     MJP
7BATHVAR NARESHBHAI NANJIBHAI     RPI(A)
8SHASHIKANT KAPURE     RPIE
9SURESHBHAI CHHAGANBHAI CHOTALIYA     RKSP
10NAGMAL PRABHAKARBHAI SOMABHAI     IND
11PATEL SAVITABEN CHHAGANBHAI     IND
12PYARELAL BHARTI     IND
13PROF BAJPAI RAKESH R     IND
14MAKVANA ANANDBHAI KESHAVBHAI KOLI     IND
15MOHAMMAD AIYUB ABDUL RAHEMAN SHAIKH     IND
LIMBAYAT-163     UDHNA-164     MAJURA-165     CHORYASI-168     JALALPORE-174
NAVSARI-175     GANDEVI-176
S06-25-GJ-NAVSARI     1DHANSUKHA RAJPUT     INC
2NAIK YOGESHKUMAR THAKORBHAI     NCP
3C R PATIL     BJP
4SHAILESHBHAI BISHESWAR SHRIVASTAV     BSP
5AAZADKUMAR CHATURBHAI PATEL     SVPP
6YADAV GANGAPRASAD LALANBHAI     MJP
7KANUBHAI DEVJIBHAI SUKHADIA     IND
8JASHAVANTBHAI DALPATBHAI PANCHAL ADVOCATE     IND
9TARUNBHAI CHAMPAKBHAI PATEL     IND
10PATEL PRAVINCHANDRA MANILAL     IND
11RATHOD GOVINDBHAI LAXMANBHAI RIKSHAWALA     IND
12VARANKAR KAMALBEN KASHIRAM     IND
13SHATRUDHANDAS OMKARDAS SUGAT BAIRAGI     IND
14SATYAJIT JAYANTILAL SHETH     IND
DANGS-173     VANSDA-177     DHARAMPUR-178     VALSAD-179     PARDI-180
KAPRADA-181     UMBERGAON-182
S06-26-GJ-VALSAD     1KISHANBHAI VESTABHAI PATEL     INC
2GAVLI CHHAGANBHAI PILUBHAI     BSP
3PATEL DHIRUBHAI CHHAGANBHAI DR DCPATEL     BJP
4PANKAJKUMAR PARABHUBHAI PATEL     ADSP
5BHOYE NAYNESHBHAI MADHUBHAI     SP
6VARALI LAXMANBHAI CHHAGANBHAI     CPI(ML)(L)
7PATEL RAMBHAI KOYABHAI     IND
KALKA-1     PANCHKULA-2     NARAINGARH-3     AMBALA CANTT.-4     AMBALA CITY-5
MULANA-6     SADHAURA-7     JAGADHRI-8     YAMUNANAGAR-9
S07-1-HR-AMBALA     1CHANDER PAL     BSP
2RATTAN LAL KATARIA     BJP
3SELJA         INC
4DALVIR SINGH     HJCBL
5HEM RAJ     LJP
6AMAR SINGH     IND
7NARINDER KUMAR     IND
RADAUR-10     LADWA-11     SHAHBAD-12     THANESAR-13     PEHOWA-14     GUHLA-15
KALAYAT-16     KAITHAL-17     PUNDRI-18
S07-2-HR-KURUKSHETRA     1ASHOK KUMAR ARORA     INLD
2GURDYAL SINGH SAINI     BSP
3NAVEEN JINDAL     INC
4JASWANT SINGH CHEEMA     HJCBL
5PARDHAN CHAND CHAUHAN     SP
6DR ASHWINI SHARMA HRITTWAL     IND
7ATAM PARKASH     IND
8TARSEM LAL     IND
9YASH PAL     IND
10RAN SINGH     IND
11VIRENDER SINGH     IND
12VISHNU BHAGWAN AGGARWAL     IND
13SUNEETA DHARIWAL     IND
14SUBHASH MAHENDRA     IND
NARWANA-38     TOHANA-39     FATEHABAD-40     RATIA-41     KALAWALI-42
DABWALI-43     RANIA-44     SIRSA-45     ELLENABAD-46
S07-3-HR-SIRSA     1ASHOK TANWAR     INC
2RAJESH KUMAR     BSP
3COMRADE RAM KUMAR     CPM
4DR SITA RAM     INLD
5RAJ KUMAR NAGAR     JKNPP
6RAJENDRA PRASAD     HJCBL
7SWARN SINGH     RASJP
8HANS RAJ     RPI
9JAIBIR SINGH     IND
10DESRAJ     IND
11NARENDER PAL     IND
12PAWAN KUMAR     IND
13PUSHPA RANI     IND
14VAZIR SINGH     IND
15SHANKER LAL     IND
UCHANA KALAN-37     ADAMPUR-47     UKLANA-48     NARNAUND-49     HANSI-50
BARWALA-51     HISAR-52     NALWA-53     BAWANI KHERA-59
S07-4-HR-HISAR     1JAI PARKASH     INC
2RAM DAYAL     BSP
3SAMPAT SINGH     INLD
4KARAN SINGH     BRPP
5KRISHAN KUMAR SO HARIRAM     RASJP
6GULAB SINGH     NELU
7JANG BAHADUR     BHBP
8BHAJAN LAL SO KHERAJ     HJCBL
9ROSHAN LAL     IJP
10SATPAL     SMBHP
11SATPAL SINGH     LJP
12ANUP         IND
13MEHTA ANOOP KUMAR     IND
14AZAD SINGH     IND
15UMRAV SINGH     IND
16KULDEEP SINGH     IND
17KULWANT SINGH     IND
18ARYA KRISHAN     IND
19KRISHAN KUMAR SO GOPI RAM     IND
20CHHOTU RAM SO KIRTA RAM     IND
21CHHOTU RAM SO LADHU RAM     IND
22JAGDISH CHANDER ASIJA     IND
23JAG RAM     IND
24JOGENDER KUMAR     IND
25DEVI LAL     IND
26DEVENDER     IND
27NAND KISHOR     IND
28PARVESH     IND
29BHAJAN LAL SO DHARAMPAL     IND
30BHATERI     IND
31MANU DIGVIJAY SINGH     IND
32RAJ KUMAR     IND
33RAJENDER     IND
34ROHTAS     IND
35SHAMSHER     IND
36SHARVAN KUMAR     IND
37SANJAY KUMAR     IND
38SANDEEP     IND
NILOKHERI-19     INDRI-20     KARNAL-21     GHARAUNDA-22     ASSANDH-23     PANIPAT
RURAL-24     PANIPAT CITY-25     ISRANA-26     SAMALKHA-27
S07-5-HR-KARNAL     1ARVIND KUMAR SHARMA     INC
2MAM CHAND     CPI
3MARATHA VIRENDER VERMA     BSP
4IDSWAMI     BJP
5KALPANA SINGH     RPI(A)
6PREM KUMAR     SHS
7MANOJ KUMAR KASHYAP     VAJP
8DR RAMESH CHHABRA     HJCBL
9RAJIV AHUJA     SP
10RAM PAL     RASAP
11HAWA SINGH     RASJP
12ANOOP SINGH     IND
13ASHOK KUMAR     IND
14DUSHYANT KUMAR     IND
15NARENDER SAROHA     IND
16BALWAN SINGH RUHAL     IND
17MUKESH KUMARI     IND
18RAMESH SINGLA     IND
19LAL SINGH KASHYAP     IND
20SHIV PARSAD     IND
21SANJEEV     IND
22ARYA SUSHIL GARG     IND
23SUSHIL GURJAR SIRSI     IND
GANAUR-28     RAI-29     KHARKHAUDA-30     SONIPAT-31     GOHANA-32     BARODA-33
JULANA-34     SAFIDON-35     JIND-36
S07-6-HR-SONIPAT     1KISHAN SINGH SANGWAN     BJP
2JITENDER SINGH     INC
3DEVRAJ DEEWAN     BSP
4SUKHBIR SINGH     NCP
5PT UMESH SHARMA     HJCBL
6OM PARKASH MEHTA     BHC
7KRISHAN KUMAR     LJP
8GEJENDER     KKJHS
9JYOTI PARKASH     SP
10MADANGOPAL     RDMP
11RAJ PAL     CPIMLL
12RAJENDER SINGH     UWF
13ROHTASH REDHU     SMBHP
14SUSHILA     JCP
15DALBIR SINGH     IND
16SANT DHARAMVIR CHOTIWALA     IND
17BALWAN KASHYAP     IND
18BIJENDER KUMAR     IND
19RAJESH KHAN MACHHRI     IND
20DR VEERENDER ARYAVRAT     IND
21SHIV NARAYAN     IND
MEHAM-60     GARHI SAMPLA-KILOI-61     ROHTAK-62     KALANAUR-63
BAHADURGARH-64     BADLI-65     JHAJJAR-66     BERI-67     KOSLI-73
S07-7-HR-ROHTAK     1DEEPENDER SINGH     INC
2NAFE SINGH RATHEE     INLD
3RAJ KUMAR     BSP
4KRISHAN MURTI     HJCBL
5RAJBIR         IJP
6SUDESH     RPI(A)
7SUDESH KUMAR AGGARWAL     SMBHP
8ANUP SINGH MATANHEL     IND
9ASHOK         IND
10ASHA NAND     IND
11KARAN SINGH     IND
12GORAV     IND
13JASMER     IND
14JASVIR ARYA     IND
15RISHAL SINGH     IND
16SATYAWAN RANGA     IND
LOHARU-54     BADHRA-55     DADRI-56     BHIWANI-57     TOSHAM-58     ATELI-68
MAHENDRAGARH-69     NARNAUL-70     NANGAL CHAUDHRY-71
S07-8-HR-BHIWANI-MAHENDRAGARH     1AJAY SINGH CHAUTALA     INLD
2ANIL KAUSHIK     NCP
3VIKRAM SINGH     BSP
4SHRUTI CHOUDHRY     INC
5JAI SINGH     IJP
6NARENDER SINGH     HJCBL
7NEELKANWAL  NEELAM AGGARWAL     SMBHP
8MAHENDER SINGH     BHBP
9VED PRAKASH     NSSP
10SAROJ YADAV     SP
11HANSRAJ     RPI(A)
12AJAY SINGH     IND
13ABHAY SINGH     IND
14JAIMAL SINGH     IND
15DHARMENDER SINGH     IND
16DR PURAN MAL SHARMA     IND
17PYARELAL     IND
18BIRENDER SINGH     IND
19MANMOHAN SINGH     IND
20ENGINEER MAHABIR SINGH YADAV     IND
21RAJ KUMAR     IND
22RAJESH KUMAR SO BRIJ LAL     IND
23RAJESH KUMAR SO HAWA SINGH     IND
24LAXMI NARAYAN ASEEJA     IND
25VINOD KUMAR     IND
26SHRICHAND     IND
27SURENDER     IND
28SURESH KUMAR     IND
29HARISH KUMAR     IND
BAWAL-72     REWARI-74     PATAUDI-75     BADSHAHPUR-76     GURGAON-77     SOHNA-78
NUH-79     FEROZEPUR JHIRKA-80     PUNAHANA-81
S07-9-HR-GURGAON     1INDERJIT SINGH     INC
2ZAKIR HUSSAIN     BSP
3DINESH CHANDER YADAV     NCP
4SUDHA         BJP
5ISHPAL SINGH TOMER     RDMP
6NARVIR SINGH     HJCBL
7PRABHU LAL BATRA     RASAP
8BUDH RAM     JKM
9YASHPAL     LJP
10RAMESH KUMAR     JKNPP
11SATEESH KUMAR SINGH     SMBHP
12SUNIL YADAV     SP
13AMAR MOHMMAD     IND
14KUSHESHWAR BHAGAT     IND
15JAGAN     IND
16NAZIR AHMED     IND
17NARESH YADAV     IND
18NAVEEN     IND
19BALWANT SINGH AGGARWAL     IND
20BIMLA DEVI     IND
21MANBIR SINGH     IND
22RAKESH     IND
23SATBEER SINGH KUNDU     IND
24SATINDER SINGH THAKRAN     IND
HATHIN-82     HODAL-83     PALWAL-84     PRITHLA-85     FARIDABAD NIT-86
BADKHAL-87     BALLABHGARH-88     FARIDABAD-89     TIGAON-90
S07-10-HR-FARIDABAD     1AVTAR SINGH BHADANA     INC
2CHETAN SHARMA     BSP
3RAMCHANDER BAINDA     BJP
4GAJENDER PRATAP BHADANA     AIFB(S)
5CHANDER BHATIA     HJCBL
6DEVINDER     JJJKMC
7NISAR AHMED     RND
8BABU LAL     JUP
9MUKESH KUMAR JOSHI     HYRP
10REKHA SINGH     SMBHP
11LATA RANI     SP
12SUBHASH     RWS
13SURAJ BHAN     RJAP
14AVTAR SINGH     IND
15TEEKA RAM HOODA     IND
16BRIJ BHUSHAN     IND
17YASH PAL NAGAR     IND
18SAMSUDDIN     IND
19SAHI RAM RAWAT     IND
20DR K P SINGH     IND
21SUKHBIR SINGH     IND
22SUNDER SINGH     IND
23HARSH BHATIA     IND
CHURAH-1     CHAMBA-3     DALHOUSIE-4     BHATTIYAT-5     NURPUR-6     INDORA-7
FATEHPUR-8     JAWALI-9     JAWALAMUKHI-12     JAISINGHPUR-13
S08-1-HP-KANGRA     1CHANDER KUMAR     INC
2COLNARINDER SINGH PATHANIA     BSP
3DR RAJAN SUSHANT     BJP
4KESHAB     LJP
5JOGINDER SINGH     SHS
6NIRMLA SHARMA     RWS
7KAPIL KUMAR CHAUDHARY     IND
8DHANI RAM     IND
9PARTAP SINGH     IND
10ROSHAN LAL     IND
BHARMOUR-2     LAHAUL & SPITI-21     MANALI-22     KULLU-23     BANJAR-24
ANNI-25     KARSOG-26     SUNDERNAGAR-27     NACHAN-28     SERAJ-29
S08-2-HP-MANDI     1ONKAR SHAD     CPM
2MAHESHWAR SINGH     BJP
3LALA RAM     BSP
4VIRBHADRA SINGH     INC
5HOOKAM CHAND SHASTRI     RWS
6SHAN MOHAMMAD     IND
DEHRA-10     JASWAN-PRAGPUR-11     DHARAMPUR-32     BHORANJ-36     SUJANPUR-37
HAMIRPUR-38     BARSAR-39     NADAUN-40     CHINTPURNI-41     GAGRET-42
S08-3-HP-HAMIRPUR     1ANURAG SINGH THAKUR     BJP
2NARINDER THAKUR     INC
3MANGAT RAM SHARMA     BSP
4PANKAJ KATNA     SHS
5MALKIAT SINGH     RRD
6RAJ KUMAR     RWS
7DR RAJENDER SHARMA     IND
8ER SANDEEP SHARMA     IND
ARKI-50     NALAGARH-51     DOON-52     SOLAN-53     KASAULI-54     PACHHAD-55
NAHAN-56     SRI RENUKAJI-57     PAONTA SAHIB-58     SHILLAI-59
S08-4-HP-SHIMLA     1DHANI RAM SHANDIL     INC
2VIRENDER KASHYAP     BJP
3SOM NATH     BSP
4GURNAM SINGH CHANDEL     SP
5BRIJ LAL     SHS
6ROOP RAM     IND
7SHURVEER SINGH     IND
KARNAH-1     KUPWARA-2     LOLAB-3     HANDWARA-4     LANGATE-5     URI-6
RAFIABAD-7     SOPORE-8     GUREZ-9     BANDIPORA-10
S09-1-JK-BARAMULLA     1SHARIEF UD DIN SHARIQ     JKN
2GH MUSTAFA KASANA     BSP
3MOHAMMAD IQBAL JAN     JKNPP
4MOHAMMAD DILAWAR MIR     JKPDP
5ZAKIR HUSSAIN SHEIKH     LJP
6SAJAD GANI LONE     JPC
7ASHIQ HUSSAIN GANIE     BCDP
8GH AHMAD MALLA     AIFB
9GH RASOOL BHAT     ANC
10GULAM RASOOL SHAH     JKANC
11GH NABI PARRAY     RPI(A)
12GH MOHMAD SAMOON     IND
13GOWSIA BASHIR     IND
KANGAN-16     GANDERBAL-17     HAZRATBAL-18     ZADIBAL-19     EIDGAH-20
KHANYAR-21     HABBA KADAL-22     AMIRA KADAL-23     SONAWAR-24     BATMALOO-25
S09-2-JK-SRINAGAR     1IFTIKHAR HUSSAIN ANSARI     JKPDP
2AVTAR KRISHAN PANDITA     BJP
3FAROOQ ABDULLAH     JKN
4MOHAMMAD ASHRAF KHAN     BSP
5BILAL AHMAD BHAT     SAP
6KHALIDA BEGUM     JKANC
7ZAHIR ABBAS BHATTI     AIFB(S)
8ABDUL RASHID LONE     RPI(A)
9MUSHTAQ AHMAD     RKSP
10NISSAR AHMAD AHANGAR     BSKRP
11SYED MUJTABA HUSSAIN BUKHARI     IND
12ASHIQ HUSSAIN BHAT     IND
13MEHBOOBA SHAHDAB     IND
14MOHAMMAD AHSAN MIR     IND
15MOHAMMAD ALYAS KUMAR     IND
TRAL-31     PAMPORE-32     PULWAMA-33     RAJPORA-34     WACHI-35     SHOPIAN-36
NOORABAD-37     KULGAM-38     HOM SHALI BUGH-39     ANANTNAG-40
S09-3-JK-ANANTNAG     1PEER MOHD HUSSAIN     JKPDP
2MOHD SIDIQ KHAN     BJP
3MIRZA MEHBOOB BEG     JKN
4NISAR AHMAD KHAN     BSP
5ASIF JEELANI     AIFB
6BASHIR AHMAD KHAN     RNSP
7BASHIR AHMAD MALIK     JKANC
8FAYAZ AHMAD BHAT     SP
9MUSHTAQ AHMAD GANIE     IJP
10MOHD RAFIQ WANI     LJP
11RAJIV MAHAJAN     IND
12GH MOHIUDDIN SHAH     IND
13NAZIR AHMAD BHAT     IND
NUBRA-47     LEH-48     KARGIL-49     ZANSKAR-50
S09-4-JK-LADAKH     1PHUNTSOG NAMGYAL     INC
2GHULAM MURTAZA     JKPDP
3ASGAR ALI KARBALAIE     IND
4THINLESS ANGMO     IND
5HASSAN KHAN     IND
KISHTWAR-51     INDERWAL-52     DODA-53     BHADERWAH-54     RAMBAN-55
BANIHAL-56     GULAB GARH-57     REASI-58     GOOL ARNAS-59     UDHAMPUR-60
S09-5-JK-UDHAMPUR     1ADREES AHMAD TABBASUM     CPI
2BALBIR SINGH     JKPDP
3PROF BHIM SINGH     JKNPP
4RAKESH WAZIR     BSP
5CH LAL SINGH     INC
6DR NIRMAL SINGH     BJP
7BODH RAJ     BCDP
8RAJESH MANCHANDA     RKSP
9KANCHAN SHARMA     BHBP
10MASTER WILLIAM GILL     AIFB
11ATUL SHARMA     IND
12DEV RAJ     IND
13MOHD YOUSUF     IND
14NARESH DOGRA     IND
SAMBA-68     VIJAY PUR-69     NAGROTA-70     GANDHI NAGAR-71     JAMMU EAST-72
JAMMU WEST-73     BISHNAH-74     RANBIR SINGH PURA-75     SUCHET GARH-76     MARH-77
S09-6-JK-JAMMU     1STARLOK SINGH     JKPDP
2HUSSAIN ALI     BSP
3LILA KARAN SHARMA     BJP
4MADAN LAL SHARMA     INC
5UDAY CHAND     DGPP
6SURJIT SINGH G SITARA     RKSP
7SANT RAM     BHBP
8SANJEEV KUMAR MANMOTRA     LJP
9QARI ZAHIR ABBAS BHATTI     AIFB
10ABDUL MAJEED MALIK     BCDP
11ASHOK KUMAR     IND
12BALWAN SINGH     IND
13PARAS RAM POONCHI     IND
14RAMESH CHANDER SHARMA     IND
15SATISH POONCHI     IND
16SANJAY KUMAR     IND
17SHAKEELA BANO     IND
18LABHA RAM GANDHI     IND
19CH MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN CHOUHAN     IND
20NARESH DOGRA     IND
21HILAL AHMED BAIG     IND
NIPPANI-1     CHIKKODI-SADALGA-2     ATHANI-3     KAGWAD-4     KUDACHI-5
RAYBAG-6     HUKKERI-7     YEMKANMARDI-10
S10-1-KA-CHIKKODI     1KATTI RAMESH VISHWANATH     BJP
2PRAKASH BABANNA HUKKERI     INC
3SHIVANAND WANTAMURI SIDDAMALLAPPA     BSP
4BANASHANKARI BHIMAPPA ITTAPPA     IND
5MALLAPPA MARUTI KHATANVE     IND
6YASHWANT MANOHAR SUTAR     IND
7SHAILA SURESH KOLI     IND
ARABHAVI-8     GOKAK-9     BELGAUM UTTAR-11     BELGAUM DAKSHIN-12     BELGAUM
RURAL-13     BAILHONGAL-16     SAUNDATTI YELLAMMA-17     RAMDURG-18
S10-2-KA-BELGAUM     1AMARSINH VASANTRAO PATIL     INC
2ANGADI SURESH CHANNABASAPPA     BJP
3A B PATIL     JD(S)
4RAMANAGOUDA SIDDANGOUDA PATIL     BSP
5ALLAPPA RAMAPPA PATIL     IND
6KASTURI BASANAGOUDA BHAVI     IND
7MOHAN H GADIWADDAR     IND
8RAMCHANDRA MAREPPA TORGALCHALAWADI     IND
9VIJAYKUMAR JEENDATTA UPADHYE     IND
10HANAJI ASHOK PANDU     IND
MUDHOL-19     TERDAL-20     JAMKHANDI-21     BILGI-22     BADAMI-23     BAGALKOT-24
HUNGUND-25     NARGUND-68
S10-3-KA-BAGALKOT     1GADDIGOUDAR PC     BJP
2JTPATIL     INC
3FAROOQ PAKALI     BSP
4BASAVARAJ KALAKAPPA PUJAR     NCP
5PARASHURAM JALAGAR     PPOI
6KADECHUR KALLAPPA REVANASIDDAPPA     IND
7GADADANNAVAR RAMESH BHIMAPPA     IND
8CHINCHOLI SANTOSHAKUMAR SAHEBAGOUDA     IND
9PANDIT SHIVAPPA BODALI     IND
10BADASHAH RAJESAB MUJAWAR     IND
11BABU RAMAREDDY RAMESH     IND
12BANDIWADDAR CHANDRASHEKHAR HANAMANT     IND
13MANOHAR HA     IND
14SHANKAR BHIMAPPA TELI     IND
15SANNAGOUDAR GURURAJ SATTYAPPAGOUDA     IND
16SANGMESH GURUPADAPPA BHAVIKATTI     IND
17HIREMATH RENUKARADHYA SHARANAYYA     IND
MUDDEBIHAL-26     DEVAR HIPPARGI-27     BASAVANA BAGEVADI-28
BABALESHWAR-29     BIJAPUR CITY-30     NAGTHAN-31     INDI-32     SINDGI-33
S10-4-KA-BIJAPUR     1ALMELKAR VILASABABU BASALINGAPPA     JD(S)
2KANAMADI SUDHAKAR MALLESH     BSP
3PRAKASH KUBASING RATHOD     INC
4RAMESH CHANDAPPA JIGAJINAGI     BJP
5NARASAPPA TIPPANNA BANDIWADDAR     SKP
6LAMANI CHANDRAKANT RUPASING     LJP
7ARAKERI NIRMALA SRINIVAS     IND
8CHALAWADI RAMANNA     IND
9SEVALAL SOMASHEKAR PURAPPA     IND
10HARIJAN AMBANNA TUKARAM     IND
AFZALPUR-34     JEVARGI-35     GURMITKAL-39     CHITTAPUR-40     SEDAM-41
GULBARGA RURAL-43     GULBARGA DAKSHIN-44     GULBARGA UTTAR-45
S10-5-KA-GULBARGA     1BABU HONNA NAIK     JD(S)
2MALLIKARJUN KHARGE     INC
3MAHADEV B DHANNI     BSP
4REVUNAIK BELAMGI     BJP
5DR K T PALUSKAR     PRCP
6RAVIKUMAR SHALIMANI SEDAM     ANC
7SHANKER KODLA     JD(U)
8SHANKAR JADHAV     BHPP
9HV DIWAKAR     IND
10SHIVAKUMAR  KOLLUR     IND
SHORAPUR-36     SHAHAPUR-37     YADGIR-38     RAICHUR RURAL-53     RAICHUR-54
MANVI-55     DEVADURGA-56     LINGSUGUR-57
S10-6-KA-RAICHUR     1KDEVANNA NAIK     JD(S)
2PAKKIRAPPAS     BJP
3RAJA VENKATAPPA NAIK     INC
4SHIVAKUMAR     BSP
5COM II VHMASTER     IND
6COMRADE VMUDUKAPPA NAYAK     IND
7RMUDUKAPPA NAYAK     IND
8KSOMASHEKHAR     IND
CHINCHOLI-42     ALAND-46     BASAVAKALYAN-47     HOMNABAD-48     BIDAR SOUTH-49
BIDAR-50     BHALKI-51     AURAD-52
S10-7-KA-BIDAR     1GURUPADAPPA NAGMARPALLI     BJP
2JAGANNATHRJAMADAR     BSP
3NDHARAM SINGH     INC
4SUBHASH TIPPANNA NELGE     JD(S)
5ADVOCATE MOULVI ZAMEERUDDIN     NDEP
6BHASKAR BABU PATERPALLI     ICSP
7SHRAVAN SANGONDA BHANDE     RSPS
8SUBHASH CHANDRA GKHAPATE     LJP
9AMRUTHAPPAMD     IND
10MD ARSHAD AHMED ANSARI     IND
11KHAJA SAMEEUDDIN KHAJA MOINUDDIN     IND
12JADHAV VENKAT RAO GYANOBA RAO     IND
13DONGAPURE SHANT KUMAR     IND
14DEVENDRAPPA SANGRAMAPPA PATIL     IND
15NARSAPPA MUTHANGI     IND
16PARMESHWAR RAMCHANDRA     IND
17PASHAMIYA ESMAIL SAB     IND
18BASWARAJ PAILWAN OKALLI     IND
19MANJILE MIYYA PEER SAB QURESH     IND
20MD OSMAN ALI LAKHPATI     IND
21MUFTI SHAIKH ABDUL GAFFAR QASMI     IND
22YEVATE PATIL SHRIMANTH     IND
23YASHWANTH NARSING     IND
24SHIVARAJ TIMMANNA BOKKE     IND
25SAMEEUDDIN BANDELI     IND
26SURESH SWAMY TALGHATKER     IND
27SYED QUBUL ULLA HUSSIANI SAJID     IND
SINDHANUR-58     MASKI-59     KUSHTAGI-60     KANAKAGIRI-61     GANGAWATI-62
YELBURGA-63     KOPPAL-64     SIRUGUPPA-92
S10-8-KA-KOPPAL     1ANSARI IQBAL     JD(S)
2BASAVARAJ RAYAREDDY     INC
3SHIVAPUTRAPPA GUMAGERA     BSP
4SHIVARAMAGOUDA SHIVANAGOUDA     BJP
5ZAKEER     LJP
6BASAVARAJ KARADI WADDARAHATTI     JD(U)
7BHARADWAJ     CPI(ML)(L)
8JESHWARAPPA     IND
9UPPAR HANUMANTAPPA VEERAPPA KESARAHATTI     IND
10GOUSIA BEGUM     IND
11TCHAKRAVARTI NAYAK     IND
12CHANDRASHEKAR     IND
13NAJEER HUSAIN     IND
14COMRADE DHPUJAR     IND
15MAREMMA YANKAPPA     IND
16SHARABHAYYA HIREMATH     IND
17SHIVAKUMAR NAVALI SIDDAPPA TONTAPUR     IND
18HANDI RAFIQ SAB     IND
HADAGALLI-88     HAGARIBOMMANAHALLI-89     VIJAYANAGARA-90     KAMPLI-91
BELLARY-93     BELLARY CITY-94     SANDUR-95     KUDLIGI-96
S10-9-KA-BELLARY     1T NAGENDRA     BSP
2J SHANTHA     BJP
3NY HANUMANTHAPPA     INC
4CHOWDAPPA     CPI(ML)(L)
5D GANGANNA     IND
6B RAMAIAH     IND
7A RAMANJANAPPA     IND
SHIRAHATTI-65     GADAG-66     RON-67     HANGAL-82     HAVERI-84     BYADGI-85
HIREKERUR-86     RANIBENNUR-87
S10-10-KA-HAVERI     1ASHOKAPPA MALLAPPA JAVALI     NCP
2UDASI SHIVAKUMAR CHANABASAPPA     BJP
3IGAL DILLPPA KARIYAPPA     BSP
4SHIVAKUMARGOUDA SHIDDALINGANGOUDA PATIL     JD(S)
5SALEEM AHAMAD     INC
6KRISHNAJI RAGHAVENDRARAO OMKAR     ABHM
7PRABHU K PATIL     JD(U)
8ALLABAX TIMMAPUR     IND
9JAGADEESH YANKAPPA DODDAMANI     IND
10FAKKIRESH SHAMBHU BIJAPUR     IND
11KNBADIGER     IND
12BASAVARAJ SHANKRAPPA DESAI     IND
NAVALGUND-69     KUNDGOL-70     DHARWAD-71     HUBLI-DHARWAD-EAST-72
HUBLI-DHARWAD-CENTRAL-73     HUBLI-DHARWAD- WEST-74     KALGHATGI-75
SHIGGAON-83
S10-11-KA-DHARWAD     1KASHIMSAB MULLA     BSP
2KUNNUR MANJUNATH CHANNAPPA     INC
3TALAKALLAMATH MAHESH GURUPADAYYA     NCP
4PRALHAD JOSHI     BJP
5HANMANTSA CHANDRAKANTSA NIRANJAN     JD(U)
6ALI MSANDIMANI     IND
7ASHOK VISHNUSA BADDI     IND
8IBRAHIM KALLIMANI     IND
9GURUPADAGOUDA VENKANAGOUDA PATIL     IND
10ZAMEER KHAN     IND
11J BHASKAR     IND
12BASANAGOUDA MUDIGOUDA HANASI     IND
13BASAVARAJ RAMANNA BALANNAVAR     IND
14BAGWAN NASIR PAPULSAB     IND
15RAMACHANDRA KALINGAPPA MAHAR     IND
16SHANKARAPPA GURUSHIDDAPPA YADAVANNAVAR     IND
KHANAPUR-14     KITTUR-15     HALIYAL-76     KARWAR-77     KUMTA-78     BHATKAL-79
SIRSI-80     YELLAPUR-81
S10-12-KA-UTTARA KANNADA     1ANANTKUMAR HEGDE     BJP
2ALVA MARGARET     INC
3HADAPAD BASAVARAJ DUNDAPPA     BSP
4V D HEGADE     JD(S)
5ELISH KOTIYAL     JD(U)
6D M GURAV     SHS
7ABDUL RASHEED SHAIKH     IND
8UDAY BABU KHALVADEKAR     IND
9KHAZI RAHMATULLA ABDUL WAHAB     IND
10L P M NAIK     IND
11YASHWANT TIMMANNA NIPPANIKAR     IND
JAGALUR-103     HARAPANAHALLI-104     HARIHAR-105     DAVANAGERE NORTH-106
DAVANAGERE SOUTH-107     MAYAKONDA-108     CHANNAGIRI-109     HONNALI-110
S10-13-KA-DAVANAGERE     1KB KALLERUDRESHAPPA     JD(S)
2MALLIKARJUN SS     INC
3SIDDESWARA GM     BJP
4DR HIDAYATHUR RAHMAN KHAN     BSP
5IDLI RAMAPPA     CPI(ML)(L)
6SUDESH GM     AIJMK
7ARUNDI NINGAPPA     IND
8ALUR MG SWAMY     IND
9INAYAT ALI KHAN     IND
10H ESWARAPPA BOVI     IND
11HM EHSANULLA PATEL     IND
12H K KENCHVEERAPPA HEBBALU     IND
13S CHANDRASHEKARAPPA     IND
14JAYANNA ITAGI     IND
15H NAGARAJ PALEGARA     IND
16M NAGARAJAPPA     IND
17LS MALLIKARJUN     IND
18MARUTHI H     IND
19YOGESHWARA RAO SINDHE     IND
20RAMESH HULI     IND
21B RAJASHEKHARAYYA     IND
22DRRAJU C     IND
23LOKANAGOWDA PATIL     IND
24VEERESH T     IND
25DR SRIDHARA UDUPA     IND
26G N SIDDESH     IND
27SUBHAN KHAN     IND
28B GNANA PRAKASH     IND
SHIMOGA RURAL-111     BHADRAVATI-112     SHIMOGA-113     TIRTHAHALLI-114
SHIKARIPURA-115     SORAB-116     SAGAR-117     BYNDOOR-118
S10-14-KA-SHIMOGA     1J JAYAPPA     BSP
2S BANGARAPPA     INC
3BY RAGHAVENDRA     BJP
4C MURUGAN     AIJMK
5AKHIL AHMED     IND
6DS ESHWARAPPA     IND
7UMESHKUMAR S     IND
8N DINESH KUMAR     IND
9MAINUDDINMS     IND
10MANJAPPA S     IND
11MP SRIDHAR BYNDOOR     IND
12HS SHEKARAPPA     IND
KUNDAPURA-119     UDUPI-120     KAPU-121     KARKAL-122     SRINGERI-123
MUDIGERE-124     CHIKMAGALUR-125     TARIKERE-126
S10-15-KA-UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR     1KJAYAPRAKASH HEGDE     INC
2RADHA SUNDARESH     CPI
3DVSADANANDA GOWDA     BJP
4JSTEVEN MENEZES     BSP
5COMRADEUMESH KUMAR     IND
6KGANAPATHI SHETTIGAR     IND
7VINAYAK MALLYA     IND
8DR SRIDHARA UDUPA     IND
9SRINIVAS POOJARY     IND
KADUR-127     SHRAVANABELAGOLA-193     ARSIKERE-194     BELUR-195     HASSAN-196
HOLENARASIPUR-197     ARKALGUD-198     SAKLESHPUR-199
S10-16-KA-HASSAN     1A P AHAMED     BSP
2H D DEVEGOWDA     JD(S)
3B SHIVRAMU     INC
4K H HANUME GOWDA     BJP
5AIJAZ AHMED FAROOQI     IND
6KURUBARA KALENAHALLI KOVI BABANNA     IND
7KODIHALLI CHANDRASHEKAR     IND
8DEVARAJA P B     IND
9DANDORA VIJAYAKUMAR     IND
10M MAHESH HARSHA     IND
11RAJANI NARAYANAGOWDA     IND
12K D REVANNA     IND
13B C VIJAYAKUMARA     IND
BELTHANGADY-200     MOODABIDRI-201     MANGALORE CITY NORTH-202     MANGALORE
CITY SOUTH-203     MANGALORE-204     BANTVAL-205     PUTTUR-206     SULLIA-207
S10-17-KA-DAKSHINA KANNADA     1ALEKKADI GIRISH RAI     BSP
2JANARDHANA POOJARY     INC
3NALIN KUMAR KATEEL     BJP
4BMADHAVA     CPM
5VICHARAWADI ANANDA GATTY     IND
6DRTHIRUMALA RAYA HALEMANE     IND
7MOHAMMED SALI     IND
8K RAMA BHAT URIMAJALU     IND
9VASUDEVA GOWDA M P     IND
10DRUPSHIVANANDA     IND
11SUBRAHMANYA KUMAR KUNTIKANAMATA     IND
MOLAKALMURU-97     CHALLAKERE-98     CHITRADURGA-99     HIRIYUR-100
HOSADURGA-101     HOLALKERE-102     SIRA-136     PAVAGADA-137
S10-18-KA-CHITRADURGA     1JANARDHANA SWAMY     BJP
2M JAYANNA     BSP
3DR B THIPPESWAMY     INC
4M RATHNAKAR     JD(S)
5SHASHISHEKAR NAIK     RJD
6M KUMBAIAH     IND
7GANESHA     IND
8K H DURGASIMHA     IND
9RAMACHANDRA     IND
10B SUJATHA     IND
11HANUMANTHAPPA TEGNOOR     IND
CHIKNAYAKANHALLI-128     TIPTUR-129     TURUVEKERE-130     TUMKUR CITY-132
TUMKUR RURAL-133     KORATAGERE-134     GUBBI-135     MADHUGIRI-138
S10-19-KA-TUMKUR     1ASHOK         BSP
2P KODANDARAMAIAH     INC
3GS BASAVARAJU     BJP
4SP MUDDAHANUMEGOWDA     JD(S)
5SREE GOWRISHANKARA SWAMIGALU     SP
6DR NAGARAJA     IND
7G NAGENDRA     IND
8NIRANJANA CS     IND
9MOHAMED KHASIM     IND
10SHASIBHUSHANA     IND
MALAVALLI-186     MADDUR-187     MELUKOTE-188     MANDYA-189
SHRIRANGAPATTANA-190     NAGAMANGALA-191     KRISHNARAJPET-192
KRISHNARAJANAGARA-211
S10-20-KA-MANDYA     1M H AMBAREESH     INC
2M KRISHNAMURTHY     BSP
3N CHELUVARAYA SWAMY  SWAMYGOWDA     JD(S)
4L R SHIVARAMEGOWDA     BJP
5KOWDLE CHANNAPPA     JD(U)
6JOHNSON CHINNAPPAN     AIJMK
7K S PUTTANNAIAH     SKP
8H S RAMANNA     PPOI
9S BALASUBRAMANIAN     IND
10VENKATESH R     IND
11SHAKUNTHALA     IND
12SHAMBHULINGEGOWDA     IND
MADIKERI-208     VIRAJPET-209     PIRIYAPATNA-210     HUNSUR-212
CHAMUNDESHWARI-215     KRISHNARAJA-216     CHAMARAJA-217     NARASIMHARAJA-218
S10-21-KA-MYSORE     1ADAGUR H VISHWANATH     INC
2BAJIVIJAYA     JD(S)
3CHVIJAYASHANKAR     BJP
4SYED NIZAM ALI     BSP
5ARSHADULLA SHARIFF     BPJP
6DREKESHAMMA     RDMP
7PPARASHIVAMURTHY     RKSP
8LEELAVATHIM     PPOI
9RAFEEQ     IND
10PNSRINATHPATHRIKE     IND
11SANTHOSH KUMARP     IND
12MVSANTHOSH KUMAR     IND
HEGGADADEVANKOTE-213     NANJANGUD-214     VARUNA-219     T.NARASIPUR-220
HANUR-221     KOLLEGAL-222     CHAMARAJANAGAR-223     GUNDLUPET-224
S10-22-KA-CHAMARAJANAGAR     1ARKRISHNAMURTHY     BJP
2RDHRUVANARAYANA     INC
3NMAHESH     BSP
4MSHIVANNAKOTE     JD(S)
5MKKEMPASIDDAIAH     SP
6CHOWDAHALLY JAVARAIAH     CPI(ML)(L)
7RJAGADISH NAIK     BSC
8KCSHIVANANDA     JD(U)
9PURUSHOTHAMAR     IND
10BHEEMAIAH     IND
11PBYOGENDRA     IND
12RAMESHM     IND
13MCRAJANNA     IND
14SUBBAIAH     IND
KUNIGAL-131     RAJARAJESHWARINAGAR-154     BANGALORE SOUTH-176
ANEKAL-177     MAGADI-182     RAMANAGARAM-183     KANAKAPURA-184     CHANNAPATNA-185
S10-23-KA-BANGALORE RURAL     1HDKUMARASWAMY     JD(S)
2TEJASVINI GOWDA     INC
3MOHAMED HAFEEZ ULLAH     BSP
4C P YOGEESHWARA     BJP
5CTHOPAIAH     JD(U)
6I VENKATESWARA REDDY     PPOI
7AGNISHREENIVAS     IND
8DKUMARASWAMY     IND
9KUMARASWAMY C     IND
10KRISHNAPPA     IND
11YCHINNAPPA     IND
12A CHOWRAPPA     IND
13DR K PADMARAJAN     IND
14KPUTTAMADEGOWDA     IND
15TMMANCHEGOWDA     IND
K.R.PURA-151     BYATARAYANAPURA-152     YESHVANTHAPURA-153
DASARAHALLI-155     MAHALAKSHMI LAYOUT-156     MALLESHWARAM-157     HEBBAL-158
PULAKESHINAGAR-159
S10-24-KA-BANGALORE NORTH     1D B CHANDRE GOWDA     BJP
2C K JAFFER SHARIEF     INC
3PADMAA K BHAT     BSP
4R SURENDRA BABU     JD(S)
5M TIPPUVARDHAN     BPJP
6ANCHAN KHANNA     IND
7KANYA KUMAR     IND
8G S KUMAR     IND
9C KRISHNAMURTHY     IND
10B K CHANDRA     IND
11T R CHANDRAHASA     IND
12ABDUL JALEEL     IND
13ZAFER MOHIUDDIN     IND
14JOSEPH SOLOMON     IND
15L NAGARAJ     IND
16V PRASANNA KUMAR     IND
17H PILLAIAH     IND
18T B MADWARAJA     IND
19MEER LAYAQ HUSSAIN     IND
20K A MOHAN     IND
21S M RAJU     IND
22L LAKSHMAIAH     IND
23MU VENKATESHAIAH     IND
24VENKATESA SETTY     IND
25H A SHIVAKUMAR     IND
26K SATHYANARAYANA     IND
27SYED AKBAR BASHA     IND
28N HARISH GOWDA     IND
SARVAGNANAGAR-160     C.V. RAMAN NAGAR-161     SHIVAJINAGAR-162     SHANTI
NAGAR-163     GANDHI NAGAR-164     RAJAJI NAGAR-165     CHAMRAJPET-168
MAHADEVAPURA-174
S10-25-KA-BANGALORE CENTRAL     1ZAMEER AHMED KHAN BZ     JD(S)
2P C MOHAN     BJP
3VIJAY RAJA SINGH     BSP
4HTSANGLIANA     INC
5IFTHAQUAR ALI BHUTTO     ANC
6JDELANGOVAN     IJP
7S M KRISHNA     BPJP
8B KRISHNA PRASAD     PTSS
9AS PAUL     AIJMK
10DC PRAKASH     KTMK
11KPRABHAKARA REDDY     KCVP
12TKPREMKUMAR     PPOI
13ABHIMANI NARENDRA     IND
14MA ASHWATHA NARAYANA SETTY     IND
15K UMA         IND
16UMASHANKAR     IND
17KSSIYENGAR     IND
18BMKRISHNAREDDY     IND
19SKODANDARAM     IND
20CVGIDDAPPA     IND
21ACHANDRASHEKAR     IND
22JAYARAMA     IND
23KNARASIMHA     IND
24BK NARAYANA SWAMY     IND
25PPARTHIBAN     IND
26MEER LAYAQ HUSSAIN     IND
27BMOHAN VELU     IND
28R RAJ         IND
29E RAMAKRISHNAIAH     IND
30KHRAMALINGAREDDY     IND
31VIJAYA BHASKAR N     IND
32DRD RVENKATESH GOWDA     IND
33SHAFFI AHMED     IND
34SN SHARMA     IND
35SHASHIKUMAR AR     IND
36KSHIVARAMANNA     IND
37SHAIK BAHADUR     IND
GOVINDRAJ NAGAR-166     VIJAY NAGAR-167     CHICKPET-169     BASAVANAGUDI-170
PADMANABA NAGAR-171     B.T.M LAYOUT-172     JAYANAGAR-173     BOMMANAHALLI-175
S10-26-KA-BANGALORE SOUTH     1ANANTH KUMAR     BJP
2KRISHNA BYRE GOWDA     INC
3NAHEEDA SALMA S     BSP
4PROFRADHAKRISHNA     JD(S)
5BMGOVINDRAJ NAIK     ABHM
6PJOHNBASCO     AIJMK
7VATAL NAGARAJ     KCVP
8BSHIVARAMAPPA     PPOI
9ABHIMAANI NARENDRA     IND
10KHADER ALI KHAN     IND
11GANESH HANUMANTARAO MOKHASHI     IND
12CAPT GR GOPINATH     IND
13KCJANARDHAN     IND
14DRJAYALAKSHMIHG     IND
15KMNARAYANA     IND
16MADESHC     IND
17MURALIDHARADJ     IND
18RAVI KUMARAT     IND
19SUGANDHARAJE URS     IND
20SANTHOSH MINB     IND
GAURIBIDANUR-139     BAGEPALLI-140     CHIKKABALLAPUR-141     YELAHANKA-150
HOSAKOTE-178     DEVANAHALLI-179     DODDABALLAPUR-180     NELAMANGALA-181
S10-27-KA-CHIKKBALLAPUR     1CASWATHANARAYANA     BJP
2CRMANOHAR     JD(S)
3MVEERAPPA MOILY     INC
4HENNURU LAKSHMINARAYANA     BSP
5MRAMAKRISHNAIAH     PPOI
6MVENKATESH     BPJP
7HRSHIVAKUMAR     LJP
8KRISHNAMURTHY T     IND
9KSCHANDRASHEKARA RAO AZAD     IND
10LNAGARAJ     IND
11GNARAYANAPPA     IND
12ANBACHEGOWDA     IND
13GBMUTHUKUMAR     IND
14MMUNIVENKATAIAH     IND
15MRAMESH     IND
16RAVI GOKRE     IND
17GN RAVI     IND
18KVENKATAREDDY     IND
19BSHIVARAJA     IND
20YASIDDALINGEGOWDA     IND
SIDLAGHATTA-142     CHINTAMANI-143     SRINIVASPUR-144     MULBAGAL-145     KOLAR
GOLD FIELD-146     BANGARAPET-147     KOLAR-148     MALUR-149
S10-28-KA-KOLAR     1GCHANDRANNA     JD(S)
2KHMUNIYAPPA     INC
3NMUNISWAMY     BSP
4LAKSHMI SHANMUGAM     NCP
5DSVEERAIAH     BJP
6KRDEVARAJA     RDMP
7BMKRISHNAPPA     IND
8MRGANTAPPA     IND
9PVCHANGALARAYAPPA     IND
10PCHANDRAPPA     IND
11VJAYARAMA     IND
12JAYARAMAPPA     IND
13NAGARATHNA M     IND
14MNAGARAJA     IND
15NARAYANASWAMY     IND
16KNARAYANASWAMY     IND
17CKMUNIYAPPA     IND
18MRAVI KUMAR     IND
19MVENKATASWAMY     IND
20KVENKATESH     IND
21SRINIVASA TO     IND
22SRINIVASA P     IND
MANJESHWAR-1     KASARAGOD-2     UDUMA-3     KANHANGAD-4     TRIKARIPUR-5
PAYYANNUR-6     KALLIASSERI-7
S11-1-KL-KASARAGOD     1P KARUNAKARAN     CPM
2KHMADHAVI     BSP
3SHAHIDA KAMAL     INC
4K SURENDRAN     BJP
5ABBAS MUTHALAPPARA     IND
6MOHAN NAYAK     IND
7PK RAMAN     IND
TALIPARAMBA-8     IRIKKUR-9     AZHIKODE-10     KANNUR-11     DHARMADAM-12
MATTANNUR-15     PERAVOOR-16
S11-2-KL-KANNUR     1PP KARUNAKARAN MASTER     BJP
2KK BALAKRISHNAN NAMBIAR     BSP
3KK RAGESH     CPM
4K SUDHAKARAN     INC
5PI CHANDRASEKHARAN     THPI
6JOHNSON ALIAS SUNNY AMBATT     IND
7K RAGESH SO JANARDHANAN     IND
8PATTATHIL RAGHAVAN     IND
9K SUDHAKARAN KAVINTE ARIKATH     IND
THALASSERY-13     KUTHUPARAMBA-14     VADAKARA-20     KUTTIADI-21
NADAPURAM-22     QUILANDY-23     PERAMBRA-24
S11-3-KL-VADAKARA     1ADVK NOORUDHEEN MUSALIAR     BSP
2MULLAPPALLY RAMACHANDRAN     INC
3KP SREESAN     BJP
4ADV P SATHEEDEVI     CPM
5TP CHANDRASEKHARAN     IND
6NAROTH RAMACHANDRAN     IND
7PSATHIDEVI PALLIKKAL     IND
8SATHEEDEVI     IND
MANANTHAVADY-17     SULTHANBATHERY-18     KALPETTA-19     THIRUVANMBADI-32
ERNAD-34     NILAMBUR-35     WANDOOR-36
S11-4-KL-WAYANAD     1K MURALEEDHARAN     NCP
2RAJEEV JOSEPH     BSP
3C VASUDEVAN MASTER     BJP
4MI SHANAVAS     INC
5ADVOCATE M RAHMATHULLA     CPI
6KALLANGODAN ABDUL LATHEEF     IND
7CLETUS     IND
8DR NALLA THAMPY THERA     IND
9ADVOCATE SHANAVAS MALAPPURAM     IND
10SHANAVAS MANAKULANGARA PARAMBIL     IND
11SUNNY PONNAMATTOM     IND
12MP RAHMATH     IND
13RAHMATHULLA POOLADAN     IND
BALUSSERI-25     ELATHUR-26     KOZHIKODE NORTH-27     KOZHIKODE SOUTH-28
BEYPORE-29     KUNNAMANGALAM-30     KODUVALLY-31
S11-5-KL-KOZHIKODE     1AK ABDUL NASAR     BSP
2ADV PA MOHAMED RIYAS     CPM
3V MURALEEDHARAN     BJP
4MK RAGHAVAN     INC
5ADV P KUMARANKUTTY     IND
6K MUHAMMED RIYAS     IND
7P MUHAMMED RIYAS     IND
8PA MOHAMMED RIYAS     IND
9MUDOOR MUHAMMED HAJI     IND
10K RAGHAVAN     IND
11P RAMACHANDRAN NAIR     IND
12M RAGHAVAN     IND
13VINOD K     IND
14ADV SABI JOSEPH     IND
15DR DSURENDRANATH     IND
16RIYAS         IND
KONDOTTY-33     MANJERI-37     PERINTHALMANNA-38     MANKADA-39
MALAPPURAM-40     VENGARA-41     VALLIKKUNNU-42
S11-6-KL-MALAPPURAM     1ADVEA ABOOBACKER     BSP
2ADV N ARAVINDAN     BJP
3E AHAMED     MUL
4TK HAMSA     CPM
TIRURANGADI-43     TANUR-44     TIRUR-45     KOTTAKKAL-46     THAVANUR-47
PONNANI-48     THRITHALA-49
S11-7-KL-PONNANI     1K JANACHANDRAN MASTER     BJP
2PK MUHAMMED     BSP
3ET MUHAMMED BASHEER     MUL
4ABDUREHMAN     IND
5DR AZAD     IND
6PULLANI GOVINDAN     IND
7DR HUSSAIN RANTATHANI     IND
8HUSSAIN EDAYATH     IND
9HUSSAIN KADAIKKAL     IND
10HUSSAIN PERICHAYIL     IND
11HUSSAIN     IND
12DR HUSSAIN     IND
13K SADANANDAN     IND
PATTAMBI-50     SHORANUR-51     OTTAPPALAM-52     KONGAD-53     MANNARKKAD-54
MALAMPUZHA-55     PALAKKAD-56
S11-8-KL-PALAKKAD     1ABDUL RAZAK MOULAVI     NCP
2CHANDRAN V     BSP
3CK PADMANABHAN     BJP
4MB RAJESH     CPM
5SATHEESAN PACHENI     INC
6A AROKIASAMY     IND
7MR MURALI     IND
8NV RAJESH     IND
9VIJAYAN AMBALAKKAD     IND
10SATHEESAN EV     IND
TARUR-57     CHITTUR-58     NEMMARA-59     ALATHUR-60     CHELAKKARA-61
KUNNAMKULAM-62     WADAKKANCHERY-65
S11-9-KL-ALATHUR     1PK BIJU     CPM
2M BINDU TEACHER     BJP
3DR G SUDEVAN     BSP
4NK SUDHEER     INC
5K GOPALAKRISHNAN     CPI(ML)(L)
6BIJU KK     IND
7PC BIJU     IND
8CK RAMAKRISHNAN     IND
9KK SUDHIR     IND
GURUVAYOOR-63     MANALUR-64     OLLUR-66     THRISSUR-67     NATTIKA-68
IRINJALAKUDA-70     PUTHUKKAD-71
S11-10-KL-THRISSUR     1P C CHACKO     INC
2C N JAYADEVAN     CPI
3ADV JOSHY THARAKAN     BSP
4REMA REGUNANDAN     BJP
5AJAYAN KUTTIKAT     JD(U)
6K ARUN KUMAR     IND
7KUNJAN PULAYAN     IND
8E A JOSEPH     IND
9N K RAVI     IND
10P C SAJU     IND
11ADV N HARIHARAN NAIR     IND
KAIPAMANGALAM-69     CHALAKUDY-72     KODUNGALLUR-73     PERUMBAVOOR-74
ANGAMALY-75     ALUVA-76     KUNNATHUNAD-84
S11-11-KL-CHALAKUDY     1ADV UP JOSEPH     CPM
2KP DHANAPALAN     INC
3MUTTAM ABDULLA     BSP
4ADVKV SABU     BJP
5HAMSA KALAPARAMBATH     LJP
6JOHNNY K CHEEKU     IND
7JOSE MAVELI     IND
8UP JOSE     IND
9DR PS BABU     IND
10TS NARAYANAN MASTER     IND
11CA HASEENA     IND
KALAMASSERY-77     PARAVUR-78     VYPEEN-79     KOCHI-80     THRIPPUNITHURA-81
ERNAKULAM-82     THRIKKAKARA-83
S11-12-KL-ERNAKULAM     1PROF K V THOMAS     INC
2AN RADHAKRISHNAN     BJP
3SHERIF MOHAMMED     BSP
4SINDHU JOY     CPM
5SAJU THOMAS     LJP
6MARY FRANCIS MOOLAMPILLY     IND
7VISWAMBARAN     IND
8SAJI THURUTHIKUNNEL     IND
9SINDHU KS     IND
10SINDHU JAYAN     IND
MUVATTUPUZHA-86     KOTHAMANGALAM-87     DEVIKULAM-88     UDUMBANCHOLA-89
THODUPUZHA-90     IDUKKI-91     PEERUMADE-92
S11-13-KL-IDUKKI     1ADV PT THOMAS     INC
2ADV K FRANCIS GEORGE     KEC
3ADV BIJU M JOHN     BSP
4SREENAGARI RAJAN     BJP
5VASUDEVAN     VCK
6ADV CHITTOOR RAJAMANNAR     IND
7JOSE KUTTIYANY     IND
8KANCHIYAR PEETHAMBARAN     IND
9BABY         IND
10M A SOOSAI     IND
PIRAVOM-85     PALA-93     KADUTHURUTHY-94     VAIKOM-95     ETTUMANOOR-96
KOTTAYAM-97     PUTHUPPALLY-98
S11-14-KL-KOTTAYAM     1JOSE KMANI     KEC(M)
2ADV NARAYANAN NAMBOOTHIRI     BJP
3ADV SURESH KURUP     CPM
4SPENCER MARKS     BSP
5ADV JAIMON THANKACHAN     SWJP
6ANTO P JOHN     IND
7JUNO JOHN BABY     IND
8JOSE         IND
9JOSE MATHEW     IND
10JOSE K MANI     IND
11BABU         IND
12KT MATHEW     IND
13MINI K PHILIP     IND
14MS RAVEENDRAN     IND
15K RAJAPPAN     IND
16SASIKUTTAN VAKATHANAM     IND
17SURESH NB KURUP     IND
18SURESHKUMAR K     IND
19SURESHKUMAR TR     IND
20SURESH KURUMBAN     IND
AROOR-102     CHERTHALA-103     ALAPPUZHA-104     AMBALAPPUZHA-105
HARIPAD-107     KAYAMKULAM-108     KARUNAGAPPALLY-116
S11-15-KL-ALAPPUZHA     1DR KS MANOJ     CPM
2KC VENUGOPAL     INC
3KS PRASAD     BSP
4PJ KURIAN     JD(U)
5S SEETHILAL     IND
6SONY J KALYANKUMAR     IND
CHANGANASSERY-99     KUTTANAD-106     MAVELIKKARA-109     CHENGANNUR-110
KUNNATHUR-118     KOTTARAKKARA-119     PATHANAPURAM-120
S11-16-KL-MAVELIKKARA     1RS ANIL     CPI
2KODIKKUNNIL SURESH     INC
3DR ND MOHAN     BSP
4PM VELAYUDHAN     BJP
5ANIL KUMAR     IND
6KS SASIKALA     IND
7SOORANAD SUKUMARAN     IND
KANJIRAPPALLY-100     POONJAR-101     THIRUVALLA-111     RANNI-112
ARANMULA-113     KONNI-114     ADOOR-115
S11-17-KL-PATHANAMTHITTA     1ANANTHA GOPAN     CPM
2ANTO ANTONY     INC
3KARUNAKARAN NAIR     BSP
4MANI CKAPPEN     NCP
5RADHAKRISHNA MENON     BJP
6KUNJU PILLAI     CPI(ML)(L)
7ANTO         IND
8JYOTHISH MR     IND
9THAMBI     IND
10NIRANAM RAJAN     IND
11PUSHPANGADAN     IND
12MATHEW PAREY     IND
CHAVARA-117     PUNALUR-121     CHADAYAMANGALAM-122     KUNDARA-123
KOLLAM-124     ERAVIPURAM-125     CHATHANNOOR-126
S11-18-KL-KOLLAM     1ADVT K M JAYANANDAN     BSP
2NPEETHAMBARAKURUP     INC
3VAYAKKAL MADHU     BJP
4PRAJENDRAN     CPM
5ADVANU SASI     IND
6KRISHNAMMAL     IND
7K A JOHN     IND
8NPEETHAMBARAKURUP     IND
9SPRADEEP KUMAR     IND
10SRADHAKRISHNAN     IND
11RZAKIEER HUSSAIN     IND
VARKALA-127     ATTINGAL-128     CHIRAYINKEEZHU-129     NEDUMANGAD-130
VAMANAPURAM-131     ARUVIKKARA-136     KATTAKKADA-138
S11-19-KL-ATTINGAL     1PROFG BALACHANDRAN     INC
2THOTTAKKADU SASI     BJP
3ADV A SAMPATH     CPM
4J SUDHAKARAN     BSP
5SREENATH     SHS
6JAYAKUMAR     IND
7BALACHANDRAN     IND
8BALACHNDRAN C P     IND
9MURALI KUMAR     IND
10J VIJAYAKUMAR     IND
11VIVEKANANDAN     IND
12SHAMSUDEEN     IND
13SAJIMON     IND
14SAIFUDEEN M     IND
KAZHAKOOTTAM-132     VATTIYOOUKAVU-133     THIRUVANANTHAPURAM-134
NEMOM-135     PARASSALA-137     KOVALAM-139     NEYYATTINKARA-140
S11-20-KL-THIRUVANANTHAPURAM     1P K KRISHNA DAS     BJP
2MPGANGADHARAN     NCP
3DRA NEELALOHITHADASAN NADAR     BSP
4ADV P RAMACHANDRAN NAIR     CPI
5SHASHI THAROOR     INC
6AJITHKUMARK     AITC
7JAIN WILSON     BSA
8G ASHOKAN     IND
9TGEORGE     IND
10DILEEP     IND
11UNAHURMIRAN PEERU MOHAMMED     IND
12PRATHAPAN     IND
13MOHANAN JOSHWA     IND
14SASI  JANAKI SADAN     IND
15SASI  KALAPURAKKAL     IND
16SHAJAR KHAN     IND
SHEOPUR-1     VIJAYPUR-2     SABALGARH-3     JOURA-4     SUMAWALI-5     MORENA-6
DIMANI-7     AMBAH-8
S12-1-MP-MORENA     1JUGAL KISHOR PIPPAL     CPM
2NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR     BJP
3BALVEER SINGH DANDOTIYA     BSP
4AD BAIJNATH KUSHWAHA     SP
5RAMNIWAS RAWAT     INC
6ANITA HITENDRA CHOUDHARY     BHBP
7DEVENDRA SINGH SIKARWAR     AIFB
8RAMBABU SINGH PARIHAR     LJP
9VISHANLAL AGARWAL GOKAL MP     SVSP
10UTTAM SINGH MITTAL     IND
11USHA RAWAT     IND
12KALAWATI RAMESH ARGAL     IND
13GANDRV     IND
14JOGENDR     IND
15DHALLU ALLAHBAKSH     IND
16NARENDRA SINGH     IND
17MAHESH JATAV     IND
18MAHESH SINGH JATAV     IND
19RAJVEER SINGH     IND
20RAMNIWAS KUSHWAH     IND
21RAM SEWAK     IND
22VIJAY KUMAR     IND
23VIVEK APTE     IND
24SATYENDRA JAIN SHAMMI     IND
ATER-9     BHIND-10     LAHAR-11     MEHGAON-12     GOHAD-13     SEWDA-20
BHANDER-21     DATIA-22
S12-2-MP-BHIND     1ASHOK ARGAL     BJP
2NAND KISHOR KORI     SP
3DR BHAGIRATH PRASAD     INC
4DRRAHUL     BSP
5TULSIRAM DHANUK THEKEDAR     IVD
6SHANKAR LAL VERMA     BHBP
7SHRIRAM RAHUL     BMM
8RJJATAV     IND
9BHAGIRATH     IND
10RAMSEVAK MORYA     IND
11LALARAM     IND
12VEERENDRA KUMAR GOYAL     IND
13SHAILENDRA SINGH ALIAS KALLU     IND
GWALIOR RURAL-14     GWALIOR-15     GWALIOR EAST-16     GWALIOR SOUTH-17
BHITARWAR-18     DABRA-19     KARERA-23     POHARI-24
S12-3-MP-GWALIOR     1AJAB SINGH KUSHWAH     BSP
2ASHOK SINGH     INC
3YASHODHARA RAJE SCINDIA     BJP
4AVTAR SINGH     LJP
5GAUTAM SINGH RAJPUT KUSHWAH     RSMD
6DEVENDRA BHARGAVA ADVOCATE     ABHM
7PANKAJ GOSWAMI     BHBP
8RAMESH CHANDRA SHARMA     IJP
9DR RAM GOPAL ADVOCATE     RPI(A)
10LAKHPAT SINGH KIRAR     ASP
11ANAND KUMAR     IND
12ANAND SINGH KUSHWAH RAMAYNE     IND
13ALOK JOSHI     IND
14KAPTAN SINGH MASTER     IND
15KOMAL ANURAGI     IND
16JAGADISH GOBARA     IND
17DEEPAK KUMAR BANSAL RANGWALE     IND
18PADAM SINGH DHAKAD     IND
19YASMIN KHAN     IND
20RAJESH KUMAR SHARMA     IND
21RAM RATAN KUSHWAH     IND
22SAEED KHAN DABBU     IND
23SHRIKRISHNA ALIAS SIRIYA     IND
SHIVPURI-25     PICHHORE-26     KOLARAS-27     BAMORI-28     GUNA-29     ASHOK
NAGAR-32     CHANDERI-33     MUNGAOLI-34
S12-4-MP-GUNA     1JYOTIRADITYA MADHAVRAO SCINDIA     INC
2DRNAROTTAM MISHRA     BJP
3LOKPAL LODHI     BSP
4ABDUL RASHEED     AD
5MANIRAM RAM JATAV     LJP
6LALU URF ATAL LAL     BHBP
7ANIL DWIVEDI     IND
8PTASHOK SHARMA BADE BHAIYA     IND
9ISHLAM KHAN RAIAN     IND
10KISHORILAL CHAURASIYA GUNA WALE     IND
11KRISHNA KANT CHAUBEY PAPPU MAHARAJ     IND
12MAHADEV PRASAD TIWARI     IND
13PMAHESH CHANDRA SHASHTRI     IND
14MOHAMMD IRSHADA QUAZI     IND
15LAKHAN LAL     IND
16VIJAY KUMAR JAIN     IND
17SUMAN SINGH SIKARWAR ADVOCATE     IND
18HAJARI LAL KOTIA RATHOR     IND
BINA-35     KHURAI-36     SURKHI-37     NARYOLI-40     SAGAR-41     KURWAI-146
SIRONJ-147     SHAMSHABAD-148
S12-5-MP-SAGAR     1ASLAM SHER KHAN     INC
2AHIRWAR NARESH BOUDHA     BSP
3GOURI SINGH YADAV     SP
4BHUPENDRA SINGH     BJP
5ARVIND DANGI     PRSP
6DHAN SINGH AHIRWAR     LJP
7VINOD DIWAR GOUND     GGP
8SIDHARTH BOUDHA AHIRWAR     RPI(A)
9SANJAY BHAI ADVOCATE RAVIDASI     GMS
10ASHOK MISHRA     IND
11GOMAT SINGH MAHARAJ SINGH DANGI     IND
12RAMKISHAN RAMA     IND
TIKAMGARH-43     JATARA-44     PRITHVIPUR-45     NIWARI-46     KHARGAPUR-47
MAHARAJPUR-48     CHHATARPUR-51     BIJAWAR-52
S12-6-MP-TIKAMGARH     1AHIRWAR VRINDAVAN     INC
2CHINTAMAN KORI RAMPURIYA     SP
3GD         BSP
4VIRENDRA KUMAR     BJP
5AHIRWAR JAGDISH PRASAD     LJP
6AHIRWAR RAMSWAROOP     RSMD
7VISHAN LAL BASHNKAR     PRSP
8AHIRWAR GYADIN     IND
9KAMLAPAT KUMHAR     IND
10KHARGA PRASAD     IND
11CHAMAN LAL     IND
12DAYARAM     IND
13PARWAT LAL     IND
14RAMCHARAN AHIRWAR     IND
15LAXMI PRASAD AHIRWAR     IND
16VRINDAVAN AHIRWAR     IND
17SHRIPAT SHIKSHAK     IND
DEORI-38     REHLI-39     BANDA-42     MALHARA-53     PATHARIYA-54     DAMOH-55
JABERA-56     HATTA-57
S12-7-MP-DAMOH     1AHIR KAMLA YADAV     SP
2CHANDRABHAN BHAIYA     INC
3SHIVRAJ BHAIYA     BJP
4KASHIRAM ALIAS KAMLESH DHURVE     GMS
5BHAGIRATH KURMI     RDMP
6MANOJ DEVALIYA     BJBP
7SHIVRAJ BHAIYA     SVSP
8HARIRAM THAKUR     GGP
9GAFFAR ALI     IND
10GOPAL BHAIYA     IND
11CHANDRABHAN BHAIYA JATASHANKAR COLONY DAMOH     IND
12CHANDRABHAN BHAIYA PARSORIA NAHAR     IND
13JAYANT BHAIYA     IND
14JANKI PRASAD     IND
15NANNE LAL     IND
16RAMPHOOL DAHAYAT     IND
17VIJAY SINGH RAJPOOT     IND
18SHIVRAJ BHAIYA BADE THAKUR     IND
19SHIV RAJ ALIAS BADE BHAIYA     IND
20SHIVRAJ SINGH NAYAKHEDA APPCHAND     IND
21SHIVRAJ SINGH BANDA     IND
CHANDLA-49     RAJNAGAR-50     PAWAI-58     GUNNAOR-59     PANNA-60
VIJAYRAGHAVGARH-92     MURWARA-93     BAHORIBAND-94
S12-8-MP-KHAJURAHO     1JAYAWANT SINGH     SP
2JEETENDRA SINGH     BJP
3RAJA PATERYA     INC
4SEWA LAL PATEL     BSP
5M SHAKIL     GMS
6SAROJ BACHCHAN NAYAK     JD(U)
7SURYA BHAN SINGH YADAV GURUJI     AIFB
8AKEEL KHAN     IND
9AKANCHHA JAIN     IND
10KRISHNA SHARAN SINGH RAJA BHAIYA     IND
11NARENDRA KUMAR     IND
12RAJENDRA AHIRWAR     IND
13RAM NATH LODHI     IND
14SHABNAM MAUSI     IND
15SHUKL SITARAM     IND
CHITRAKOOT-61     RAIGAON-62     SATNA-63     NAGOD-64     MAIHAR-65
AMARPATAN-66     RAMPUR-BAGHELAN-67
S12-9-MP-SATNA     1GANESH SINGH     BJP
2PT RAJARAM TRIPATHI     SP
3SUKHLAL KUSHWAHA     BSP
4SUDHIR SINGH TOMAR     INC
5ONKAR SINGH     ABHKP
6GIRJA SINGH PATEL     AD
7CHHOTELAL SINGH GOND     GMS
8PRAMILA     RPI(A)
9B BALLABH CHARYA     AIC
10RAJESH SINGH BAGHEL     GGP
11SHOBHNATH SEN     LJP
12SUNDERLAL CHAUDHARI     IJP
13ASHOK KUMAR KUSHWAHA     IND
14ASHOK KUSHWAHA     IND
15CHHOTELAL     IND
16BHAIYALAL URMALIYA     IND
17MANISH KUMAR JAIN     IND
18MUNNI KRANTI     IND
19RAMVISHWAS BASORE     IND
20RAM SAJIVAN     IND
21RAMAYAN CHAUDHARI     IND
SIRMOUR-68     SEMARIYA-69     TEONTHAR-70     MAUGANJ-71     DEOTALAB-72
MANGAWAN-73     REWA-74     GURH-75
S12-10-MP-REWA     1CHANDRA MANI TRIPATHI     BJP
2DEORAJ SINGH PATEL     BSP
3PUSHPRAJ SINGH     SP
4SUNDER LAL TIWARI     INC
5BADRI PRASAD KUSHWAHA     AD
6RAMKISHAN NIRAT SAKET     RPI(A)
7RAMAYAN PRASAD PATEL     YVP
8VIMALA SONDHIA     LJP
9SALMA         AIFB
10MD AKEEL KHAN BACHCHA BHAI     IND
11JAIKARAN SAKET     IND
12BRAHMDUTTMISHRA ALIAS CHHOTE MURAITHA     IND
13SUKHENDRA PRATAP     IND
14SUNDAR LAL     IND
15HIRALAL VISHWAKARMA     IND
CHURHAT-76     SIDHI-77     SIHAWAL-78     CHITRANGI-79     SINGRAULI-80
DEVSAR-81     DHAUHANI-82     BEOHARI-83
S12-11-MP-SIDHI     1ASHOK KUMAR SHAH     BSP
2INDRAJEET KUMAR     INC
3GOVIND PRASAD MISHRA     BJP
4MANIK SINGH     SP
5LOLAR SINGH URETI     GMS
6VEENA SINGH NETI     GGP
7BABOOLAL JAISWAL     IND
8MADAN MOHAN JAISWAL ADVOCATE     IND
9MAHENDRA BHAIYA DIKSHIT     IND
10RAMAKANT PANDEY MALAIHNA     IND
11VEENA SINGH VEENA DIDI     IND
JAISINGHNAGAR-84     JAITPUR-85     KOTMA-86     ANUPPUR-87     PUSHPRAJGARH-88
BANDHAVGARH-89     MANPUR-90     BARWARA-91
S12-12-MP-SHAHDOL     1CHANDRA PRATAP SINGH BABA SAHAB     SP
2NARENDRA SINGH MARAVI     BJP
3MANOHAR SINGH MARAVI     BSP
4RAJESH NANDINI SINGH     INC
5SADAN SINGH BHARIA     CPI
6KRISHN PAL SINGH PAVEL     LJP
7GANPAT GOND     GMS
8RAM RATAN SINGH PAVLE     GGP
PATAN-95     BARGI-96     JABALPUR PURBA-97     JABALPUR UTTAR-98     JABALPUR
CANTT.-99     JABALPUR PASCHIM-100     PANAGAR-101     SIHORA-102
S12-13-MP-JABALPUR     1AZIZ QURESHI     BSP
2ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA     SP
3RAKESH SINGH     BJP
4ADVOCATE RAMESHWAR NEEKHRA     INC
5MEERCHAND PATEL KACHHVAHA     RPI
6RAVI MAHOBIA KUNDAM     GGP
7RAJKUMARI SINGH     LJP
8HARI SINGH MARAVI     GMS
9DR MUKESH MEHROTRA     IND
10RAKESH SONKAR PRAMUKH DHAI AKSHAR     IND
11SUNIL PATEL     IND
SHAHPURA-103     DINDORI-104     BICHHIYA-105     NIWAS-106     MANDLA-107
KEOLARI-116     LAKHNADON-117     GOTEGAON-118
S12-14-MP-MANDLA     1JALSO DHURWEY     BSP
2FAGGAN SINGH KULASTE     BJP
3BASORI SINGH MASRAM     INC
4UDAL SINGH DHURWEY     LKSP
5JHANK SINGH KUSHRE     GGP
6PREM SINGH MARAVI     GMS
7BHAGAT SINGH VARKEDE     LJP
8MANESHWARI NAIK     RPI(A)
9SUNITA NETI     RDMP
10CHANDRA SHEKHAR DHURWEY     IND
11CHAMBAL SING MARAWEE     IND
12DEV SINGH BHALAVI     IND
13SHIVCHARAN UIKEY     IND
14SAHDEO PRASAD MARAVI     IND
BAIHAR-108     LANJI-109     PARASWADA-110     BALAGHAT-111     WARASEONI-112
KATANGI-113     BARGHAT-114     SEONI-115
S12-15-MP-BALAGHAT     1AJAB LAL     BSP
2KISHOR SAMRITE     SP
3KANKAR MUNJARE     RJD
4K D DESHMUKH     BJP
5VISHVESHWAR BHAGAT     INC
6KALPANA GOPAL WASNIK     RPI(A)
7DARBU SINGH UIKEY     GMS
8BHAIYA BALKRISHNA     GGP
9ADVOCATE AZHAR UL ALIM     IND
10ANJU ASHOK UIKEY     IND
11GOVARDHAN PATLE URF HITLAR     IND
12JITENDRA MESHRAM     IND
13DHANESHWAR LILHARE     IND
14NYAZMIR KHAN     IND
15POORANLAL LODHI     IND
16MANSINGH BISEN     IND
17SANDEEP SANTRAM     IND
18SHRIRAM THAKUR     IND
JUNNARDEO-122     AMARWARA-123     CHURAI-124     SAUNSAR-125     CHHINDWARA-126
PARASIA-127     PANDHURNA-128
S12-16-MP-CHHINDWARA     1KAMAL NATH     INC
2MAROT RAO KHAVASE     BJP
3RAO SAHEB SHINDE     BSP
4JOGILAL IRPACHI     JMM
5PARDHESHI HARTAPSAH TIRKAM     GMS
6BALVEER SINGH YADAV     RKSP
7RAMKISHAN PAL     RPI(A)
8SATAP SHA UIKEY     GGP
9ABDUL SHAMAD KHAN     IND
10AMRITLAL PATHAK RAGHUVAR     IND
11ASHARAM DEHARIYA     IND
12KAMALNATH MAYAWADIPARASIA     IND
13GANARAM UIKEY     IND
14AZAD CHANDRASHEKHER PANDOLE SAMAJ SEVAK     IND
15JAGDISH BAIS     IND
16TULSIRAM SURYAWANSHI     IND
17DUARAM UIKEY     IND
18DHANPAL BHALAVI     IND
19DHANRAJ JAMBHATKAR     IND
20NARESH KUMAR YUVNATI     IND
21NIKHILESH DHURVEY     IND
22PITRAM UIKEY     IND
23PRAVINDRA NAURATI     IND
24MANMOHAN SHAH BATTI     IND
25RK MARKAM     IND
26SHOAIB KHAN     IND
27SUKMAN INVATI     IND
28SUBHASH SHUKLA     IND
NARSINGPUR-119     TENDUKHEDA-120     GADARWARA-121     SEONI-MALWA-136
HOSHANGABAD-137     SOHAGPUR-138     PIPARIYA-139     UDAIPURA-140
S12-17-MP-HOSHANGABAD     1UDAY PRATAP SINGH     INC
2ADVBMKAUSHIK     BSP
3HAJAEE SYID MUEEN UDDIN     SP
4RAMPAL SINGH     BJP
5DINESH KUMAR AHIRWAR     IND
6BHARAT KUMAR CHOUREY     IND
7MOHAMMD ABDULLA     IND
8RAKHI GUPTA     IND
9RAMPAL     IND
10SUDAMA PRASAD     IND
BHOJPUR-141     SANCHI-142     SILWANI-143     VIDISHA-144     BASODA-145
BUDHNI-156     ICHHAWAR-158     KHATEGAON-173
S12-18-MP-VIDISHA     1DRPREMSHANKAR SHARMA     BSP
2CHOUDHARY MUNABBAR SALIM     SP
3SUSHMA SWARAJ     BJP
4BHAI MUNSHILAL SILAWAT     RPI(A)
5RAMGOPAL MALVIYA     RDMP
6HARBHAJAN JANGRE     LJP
7GANESHRAM LODHI     IND
8RAJESHWAR SINGH YADAV RAO     IND
BERASIA-149     BHOPAL UTTAR-150     NARELA-151     BHOPAL DAKSHIN-
PASCHIM-152     BHOPAL MADHYA-153     GOVINDPURA-154     HUZUR-155     SEHORE-159
S12-19-MP-BHOPAL     1ER ASHOK NARAYAN SINGH     BSP
2KAILASH JOSHI     BJP
3MHOD MUNAWAR KHAN KAUSAR     SP
4SURENDRA SINGH THAKUR     INC
5ASHOK PAWAR     PRSP
6AHIRWAR LAKHANLAL PURVI     RPI(A)
7KARAN KUMAR KAROSIA URF KARAN JEEJA     GGP
8RADHESHYAM KULASTE     GMS
9RAMDAS GHOSLE     RPI(D)
10SANJEEV SINGHAL     SVSP
11ANIL SINGH     IND
12AMAR SINGH     IND
13KAPIL DUBEY     IND
14D C GUJARKAR     IND
15DARSHAN SINGH RATHORE     IND
16BRAJENDRA CHATURVEDI URF GAPPU CHATURVEDI     IND
17DR MAHESH YADAV AMAN GANDHI     IND
18MUKESH SEN     IND
19MEHDI SIR     IND
20RAJESH KUMAR YADAV     IND
21RAM SAHAY YATRI SHRIVASTAVA URF RASHTRAVADI YATRI     IND
22SHAHNAWAZ     IND
23SHIV NARAYAN SINGH BAGWARE     IND
CHACHOURA-30     RAGHOGARH-31     NARSINGHGARH-160     BIAORA-161
RAJGARH-162     KHILCHIPUR-163     SARANGPUR-164     SUSNER-165
S12-20-MP-RAJGARH     1NARAYANSINGH AMLABE     INC
2LAKSHMAN SINGH     BJP
3SHIVNARAYAN AHIRWAR     BSP
4RAJESH RATELIYA     LJP
5SHYAM SUNDER RATHI     SHS
6INDER SING LODHI     IND
7BALBIR CHOUDHARY PATRAKAR     IND
8LAXMAN VERMA     IND
9LAXMANSINGH AAMDOR     IND
ASHTA-157     AGAR-166     SHAJAPUR-167     SHUJALPUR-168     KALAPIPAL-169
SONKATCH-170     DEWAS-171     HATPIPLIYA-172
S12-21-MP-DEWAS     1THAVARCHAND GEHLOT     BJP
2BHAGIRATH PARIHAR     BSP
3SAJJAN SINGH VERMA     INC
4DR GANGARAM JOGCHAND     LJP
5JORAVAR SINGH DUDI     PRSP
6BALRAM SUKHRAM KALYANE     RWS
7JAYRAM SOLANKI     IND
8THAVARSINGH     IND
9PRO BS MALVIYA     IND
10MOHAN SIH MALVIYA     IND
NAGADA-KHACHROD-212     MAHIDPUR-213     TARANA-214     GHATIYA-215     UJJAIN
UTTAR-216     UJJAIN DAKSHIN-217     BADNAGAR-218     ALOT-223
S12-22-MP-UJJAIN     1GUDDU PREMCHAND     INC
2BABOOLAL THAWALIYA     BSP
3DR SATYANARAYAN JATIYA     BJP
4MADANLAL RAJORA     LJP
5ASHOK NARAYAN     IND
6INDARALAL VARMA     IND
7DINESH JATWA     IND
8LALCHAND BERWA GOME     IND
9SHIVKUMAR GAUR     IND
JAORA-222     MANDSOUR-224     MALHARGARH-225     SUWASRA-226     GAROTH-227
MANASA-228     NEEMUCH-229     JAWAD-230
S12-23-MP-MANDSOUR     1BHERULAL MALVIY BALAI     BSP
2MEENAKSHI NATRAJAN     INC
3DR LAXMINARAYAN PANDEY     BJP
4SHAIKH AZIZUDDEN QURAISHI     AIFB
5BANO BEE     BMSM
6KAILASH NARAYAN RATNAWAT     IND
7P DINESH NAGAR     IND
8HAJI NISAR AHMED CHOUDHARY     IND
9MOINUDDIN KHAN PATHAN     IND
10RAJENDRA SINGH GAUTAM     IND
11RAM DAYAL GUJRATI     IND
12LAXMINARAYAN BHAGIRATH PATIDAR     IND
ALIRAJPUR-191     JOBAT-192     JHABUA-193     THANDLA-194     PETLAWAD-195
RATLAM RURAL-219     RATLAM CITY-220     SAILANA-221
S12-24-MP-RATLAM     1KANTILAL BHURIA     INC
2JEEVANLAL     SP
3DILEEPSINGH BHURIA     BJP
4RAMESH SOLANKI     BSP
5UDAYSINGH MACHAR     RPI(A)
6KALUSINGH BHABHR     SHS
7JALAMSINGH PATEL     RDMP
8BHERUSING DAMOR     JD(U)
9BHADIYA DABAR     IND
10RAMESHWOR SINGAR     IND
SARDARPUR-196     GANDHWANI-197     KUKSHI-198     MANAWAR-199
DHARAMPURI-200     DHAR-201     BADNAWAR-202     DR.AMBEDKARNAGAR-MHOW-209
S12-25-MP-DHAR     1AJAY RAWAT     BSP
2GAJENDRASINGH RAJUKHEDI     INC
3MUKAMSINGH KIRADE     BJP
4JITENDRASINGH BAGHEL     GGP
5BAPUSINGH BAGHEL     RPI(A)
6RAM SINGH PATEL     SHS
7KARANSINGH     IND
8KHUMANSINGH BARIYA     IND
9BHIMA BHURIYA     IND
10MADAN BHAI AMLAWAR     IND
11HARIRAM PATEL DELMIWALA     IND
DEPALPUR-203     INDORE-1-204     INDORE-2-205     INDORE-3-206     INDORE-4-207
INDORE-5-208     RAU-210     SANWER-211
S12-26-MP-INDORE     1DR ANITA YADAV     SP
2RAHIM KHAN     BSP
3SATYNARAYAN PATEL     INC
4SUMITRA MAHAJAN TAI     BJP
5SANJAY SINGH BHADORIYA PAPPU     RJD
6MOHAN CHOUHAN MALVIYA     PRSP
7RADHESHYAM MUKATI     LPSP
8RAMSINGH     RPIE
9SAMADHAN NAIK     RPI(A)
10AJIT KUMAR JAIN PATWA     IND
11GAJENDRA SINGH GAUR     IND
12GHANSHYAM CHANDEL     IND
13CHINTAN TRIVEDI     IND
14NAND KISHORE SONI     IND
15PARMANAND METHARAM TOLANI     IND
16S R MANDLOI     IND
17VISHNU DAS     IND
18SHIKHAR CHAND PATODI JAIN     IND
MAHESHWAR-183     KASRAWAD-184     KHARGONE-185     BHAGWANPURA-186
SENDHAWA-187     RAJPUR-188     PANSEMAL-189     BADWANI-190
S12-27-MP-KHARGONE     1BHAI KIRNSINGH BADOLE KIRESH     CPI
2DRBARDE     BSP
3BALARAM BACHCHAN     INC
4MAKNSINGH SOLANKI BABUJI     BJP
5SAKHARAM VERMA     GGP
6GAJANAN AAPSING BRAHMANE     IND
7DONGER     IND
8DAYARAM GHISYA     IND
9FIFASINGH THAKUR     IND
10BHAGWAN CHOTHIYA     IND
11RAMESHVAR DOGAREEYA RAWAT     IND
BAGALI-174     MANDHATA-175     KHANDWA-177     PANDHANA-178     NEPANAGAR-179
BURHANPUR-180     BHIKANGAON-181     BADWAH-182
S12-28-MP-KHANDWA     1ARUN SUBHASHCHANDRA YADAV     INC
2HAJI ZAKIR HUSSAIN DURRANY ENGINEER     CPI
3NANDKUMAR SING CHAUHAN NANDU BHAIYA     BJP
4DADA SAHEB WAMANRAO SASANE     BSP
5NARGIS MOUSI     IJP
6HAJI NOORULLA     LJP
7MOHAN OJHA PARTE     GMS
8HABIB SURUR     MUL
9ABDUL GAFUR GUDDU PIRJI     IND
10NATHUSINGH CHAUHAN     IND
11NAHARSINH BHAI     IND
12RAVINDRA LAL PARE     IND
13BABA ABDUL HAMEED     IND
MULTAI-129     AMLA-130     BETUL-131     GHORADONGRI-132     BHAINSDEHI-133
TIMARNI-134     HARDA-135     HARSUD-176
S12-29-MP-BETUL     1OJHARAM EVANE     INC
2JYOTI DHURVE     BJP
3RAMA KAKODIA     BSP
4DR SUKHDEV SINGH CHOUHAN     SP
5KALLUSINGH UIKEY     GMS
6KADMU SINGH KUMARE KSKUMARE     GGP
7GULABRAV     RDMP
8MANGAL SINGH LOKHANDE     SWJP
9SUSHILKUMAR ALIS BALUBHAIYYA     RPI(A)
10IMRATLAL MARKAM     IND
11KAMAL SING     IND
12KADAKSHING VADIVA     IND
13KRISHNA GOPAL PARTE     IND
14MOTIRAM MAVASE     IND
15ADHIVAKTA SHANKAR PENDAM     IND
16SUNIL KUMAR KAWADE     IND
AKKALKUWA-1     SHAHADA-2     NANDURBAR-3     NAWAPUR-4     SAKRI-5     SHIRPUR-9
S13-1-MH-NANDURBAR     1GAVIT MANIKRAO HODLYA     INC
2NATAWADKAR SUHAS JYANT     BJP
3PADVI BABITA KARMSINGH     BSP
4KOKANI MANJULABAI SAKHARAM     BBM
5GAVIT SHARAD KRUSHNRAO     SP
6ABHIJIT AATYA VASAVE     IND
7KOLI RAJU RAMDAS     IND
DHULE RURAL-6     DHULE CITY-7     SINDKHEDA-8     MALEGAON CENTRAL-114
MALEGAON OUTER-115     BAGLAN-116
S13-2-MH-DHULE     1AMARISHBHAI RASIKLAL PATEL     INC
2RIZWAN MOAKBAR     BSP
3SONAWANE PRATAP NARAYANRAO     BJP
4ANIL ANNA GOTE     LKSGM
5ANSARI MOHD ISMAIL MOHD IBRAHIM     BMSM
6ARIF AHMED SHAIKH JAFHAR     NNP
7KAVAYATRISONKANYA THAKUR RAJANI BAGWAN     BBM
8NIHAL AHMED MOLVI MOHAMMED USMAN     JD(S)
9MD ISMAIL JUMMAN     IND
10KISHOR PITAMBAR AHIRE     IND
11GAZI ATEZAD AHMED MUBEEN AHMED KHAN     IND
12GAIKWAD PATIL BHUSHAN BAJIRAO     IND
13DADASO PANDITRAO PATIL KOKALEKAR     IND
14SHEVALE PATIL SANDEEP JIBHAU     IND
15SONAWANE PANDIT UTTAMRAO     IND
JALGAON CITY-13     JALGAON RURAL-14     AMALNER-15     ERANDOL-16
CHALISGAON-17     PACHORA-18
S13-3-MH-JALGAON     1AT NANA PATIL     BJP
2ADV MATIN AHMED     BSP
3ADV VASANTRAO JIVANRAO MORE     NCP
4ATMARAM SURSING JADHAV ENGG     KKJHS
5JADHAV NATTHU SHANKAR     BBM
6JANGALU DEVRAM SHIRSATH     HJP
7NANNAWARE CHAITANYA PANDIT     PRCP
8LAXMAN SHIVAJI SHIRSATH PATIL     KM
9ANIL PITAMBAR WAGH SIR     IND
10KANTILAL CHHAGAN NAIK BANJARA     IND
11WAGH SUDHAKAR ATMARAM     IND
12SHALIGRAM SHIVRAM MAHAJAN DEORE     IND
13SALIMODDIN ISAMODDIN SHEMISTARI     IND
CHOPDA-10     RAVER-11     BHUSAWAL-12     JAMNER-19     MUKTAINAGAR-20
MALKAPUR-21
S13-4-MH-RAVER     1PATIL SURESH CHINDHU     BSP
2ADV RAVINDRA PRALHADRAO PATIL     NCP
3HARIBHAU MADHAV JAWALE     BJP
4TELI SHAIKH ISMAIL HAJI HASAN     BBM
5BAPU SAHEBRAO SONAWANE     PRCP
6MARATHE BHIMRAO PARBAT     KM
7SHIVAVEER DNYANESHWAR VITTHAL AMALE URPH AMALE SARKAR     SVRP
8IQBAL ALAUDDIN TADVI     IND
9UTTAM KASHIRAM INGALE     IND
10KOLI SANTOSH GOKUL     IND
11FIRKE SURESH KACHARU EX ACP CRPF     IND
12MAKBUL FARID SK     IND
13MOHD MUNAWWAR MOHD HANIF     IND
14MORE HIRAMAN BHONAJI     IND
15DD WANI PHOTOGRAPHER DYNESHWAR DIWAKAR WANI     IND
16VIVEK SHARAD PATIL     IND
17SHAIKH RAMJAN SHAIKH KARIM     IND
18SUJATA IBRAHIM TADAVI     IND
19SANJAY PRALADH KANDELKAR     IND
BULDHANA-22     CHIKHLI-23     SINDKHED RAJA-24     MEHKAR-25     KHAMGAON-26
JALGAON (JAMOD)-27
S13-5-MH-BULDHANA     1JADHAV PRATAPRAO GANPATRAO     SHS
2DANDGE VASANTRAO SUGDEO     BSP
3SHINGNE DRRAJENDRA BHASKARRAO     NCP
4AMARDEEP BALASAHEB DESHMUKH     KM
5QURRASHI SKSIKANDAR SK SHAUKAT     DESEP
6GAJANAN RAJARAM SIRSAT     RSPS
7DHOKNE RAVINDRA TULSHRAMJI     BBM
8FERAN CHADRAHAS JAGDEO     ABHM
9GANESH ARJUN ZORE     IND
10TAYDE VITTHAL PANDHARI     IND
11DEVIDAS PIRAJI SARKATE     IND
12SY BILAL SY USMAN     IND
13BHARAT PUNJAJI SHINGANE     IND
14RAJESH NILKANTHRAO TATHE     IND
15RATHOD CHHAGAN BABULAL     IND
AKOT-28     BALAPUR-29     AKOLA WEST-30     AKOLA EAST-31     MURTIJAPUR-32
RISOD-33
S13-6-MH-AKOLA     1DHOTRE SANJAY SHAMRAO     BJP
2BABASAHEB DHABEKAR     INC
3ATIK AHAMAD GU JILANI     DESEP
4AMBEDKAR PRAKASH YASHWANT     BBM
5GANESH TULSHIRAM TATHE     KKJHS
6DIPAK SHRIRAM TIRAKE     RSPS
7AJABRAO UTTAMRAO BHONGADE     IND
8THAKURDAS GOVIND CHOUDHARI     IND
9MUJAHID KHAN CHAND KHAN     IND
10RAUT DEVIDAS ANANDRAO     IND
11WASUDEORAO KHADE GURUJI     IND
BADNERA-37     AMRAVATI-38     TEOSA-39     DARYAPUR-40     MELGHAT-41
ACHALPUR-42
S13-7-MH-AMRAVATI     1ADSUL ANANDRAO VITHOBA     SHS
2GANGADHAR GADE     BSP
3UGLE SUNIL NAMDEV     PRBP
4UBALE SHRIKRISHNA CHAMPATRAO     ARP
5KESHAV DASHARATH WANKHADE     KKJHS
6GAWAI RAJENDRA RAMKRUSHNA     RPI
7PRINCIPAL GOPICHAND SURYABHAN MESHRAM     RP(K)
8BARSE MANOHAR DAULATRAO     IUML
9SAU MAMATA VINAYAK KANDALKAR     AUDF
10DR HEMANTKUMAR RAMBHAU MAHURE     BBM
11AMOL DEVIDASRAO JADHAV     IND
12UMAK SHRIKRUSHNA SHYAMRAO     IND
13BANDU SAMPATRAO SANE BANDYA LS     IND
14BHAURAO SHRIRAM CHHAPANE     IND
15MITHUN HIRAMAN GAIKWAD     IND
16PROF MUKUND VITTHALRAO KHAIRE     IND
17DR RAJIV GULABRAO JAMTHE     IND
18RAJU MAHADEVRAO SONONE     IND
19VISHWANATH GOTUJI JAMNEKAR     IND
20SUDHAKAR VYANKAT RAMTEKE MAJI SAINIK     IND
21ADV SUDHIR HIRAMAN TAYADE     IND
22SUNIL PRABHU RAMTEKE     IND
DHAMAMGAON RAILWAY-36     MORSHI-43     ARVI-44     DEOLI-45     HINGANGHAT-46
WARDHA-47
S13-8-MH-WARDHA     1KANGALE BIPIN BABASAHEB     BSP
2DATTA MEGHE     INC
3SURESH GANPATRAO WAGHMARE     BJP
4DIWATE RAMESH MADHAORAO     KM
5NARAYANRAO RAMJI CHIDAM     GGP
6DR NITIN KESHORAO CHAVAN     PRBP
7PYARE SAHAB SHEIKH KARIM     DESEP
8BHOSE KAILAS VISHWASRAO     GMS
9ADV SURESH SHINDE     IJP
10SANGITA SUNIL ALIAS SONU KAMBLE     ARP
11ISHWARKUMAR SHANKARRAO GHARPURE     IND
12GUNWANT TUKARAMJI DAWANDE     IND
13JAGANNATH NILKANTHRAO RAUT     IND
14TAGADE VISHWESHWAR AWADHUTRAO     IND
15RAMTEKE PRAKASH BAKARAM     IND
16SARANG PRAKASHRAO YAWALKAR     IND
KATOL-48     SAVNER-49     HINGNA-50     UMRED-51     KAMTHI-58     RAMTEK-59
S13-9-MH-RAMTEK     1TUMANE KRUPAL BALAJI     SHS
2PRAKASHBHAU KISHAN TEMBHURNE     BSP
3WASNIK MUKUL BALKRISHNA     INC
4KUMBHARE SULEKHA NARAYAN     BREM
5DESHPANDE SANJAY SAOJI     HJP
6NAGARKAR PRASHANT HANSRAJ     BBM
7NANDKISHOR SADHUJI DONGRE     GGP
8BAGDE SUJEET WASUDEORAO     JD(S)
9PROF BORKAR PRADIP DARYAV     RP(K)
10MAYATAI CHAWRE UTWAL     SP
11VIKAS RAJARAM DAMLE     RPI(KH)
12SEEMA JEEVAN RAMTEKE     DESEP
13SANDIP SHESHRAO GAJBHIYE     GMS
14ASHISH ARUN NAGARARE     IND
15KHUSHAL UDARAMJI TUMANE     IND
16DHONE ANIL     IND
17ADV DUPARE ULHAS SHALIKRAM     IND
18BARWE MADHUKAR DOMAJI     IND
19ADV YUVRAJ ANANDRAOJI BAGDE     IND
20SURESH MANGALDAS BORKAR     IND
NAGPUR SOUTH WEST-52     NAGPUR SOUTH-53     NAGPUR EAST-54     NAGPUR
CENTRAL-55     NAGPUR WEST-56     NAGPUR NORTH-57
S13-10-MH-NAGPUR     1PUROHIT BANWARILAL BHAGWANDAS     BJP
2ENGINEER MANIKRAO VAIDYA     BSP
3MUTTEMWAR VILASRAO BABURAOJI     INC
4ARUN SHAMRAO JOSHI     ABHM
5KUMBHARE SULEKHA NARAYAN     BREM
6ADV GAJANAN SADASHIV KAWALE     RP(K)
7DILIP MANGAL MADAVI     GGP
8MEHMOOD KHAN RAHEEM KHAN     DESEP
9DR YASHWANT MANOHAR     BBM
10RAUT RAMESHCHANDRA     PRCP
11RAJESH SUKHDEV GAIKWAD     KKJHS
12ADV VASANTA UMRE     DPI
13SOMKUWAR VIJAY SITARAM     ARP
14AZIZUR REHMAN SHEIKH     IND
15ASHISH ARUN NAGRARE     IND
16ADV UPASHA BANSI TAYWADE     IND
17JAGDISH RAGHUNATH AMBADE     IND
18PRATIBHA UDAY KHAPARDE     IND
19PREMDAS RAMCHANDRA RAMTEKE     IND
20BARAPATRE CHANDRABHAN SOMAJI     IND
21BALASAHEB ALIAS PRAMOD RAMAJI SHAMBHARKAR     IND
22MOHAMAD HABIB REEZAVI     IND
23RAJESHKUMAR MOHANLAL PUGALIA     IND
24RAHUL MADHUKAR DESHMUKH     IND
25VIJAY DEVRAO DHAKATE     IND
26SUNIL GAYAPRASAD MISHRA     IND
27PROF DNYANESH WAKUDKAR     IND
TUMSAR-60     BHANDARA-61     SAKOLI-62     ARJUNI-MORGAON-63     TIRORA-64
GONDIYA-65
S13-11-MH-BHANDARA – GONDIYA     1GANVIR SHIVKUMAR NAGARCHI     CPI
2JAISWAL VIRENDRAKUMAR KASTURCHAND     BSP
3PATLE SHISHUPAL NATTHUJI     BJP
4PATEL PRAFUL MANOHARBHAI     NCP
5UNDIRWADE HEMANT JAGIVAN     PRCP
6JAMAIWAR SUNIL PARASRAM     RSPS
7PATHAN MUSHTAK LATIF     DESEP
8PRATIBHA VASANT PIMPALKAR     BBM
9WASNIK SUNIL MANIRAM     RP(K)
10UKEY CHINDHUJI LAKHAJI     IND
11GAJBHIYE BRAMHASWARUP BABURAO     IND
12GAJBHIYE RAJENDRA MAHADEO     IND
13ADV DHANANJAY SHAMLALJI RAJABHOJ     IND
14NANABHAU FALGUNRAO PATOLE     IND
15PATLE AKARSING SITARAM     IND
16PROF DR BHASKARRAO MAHADEORAO JIBHAKATE     IND
17MIRZA WAHIDBEG AHAMADBEG     IND
18YELE GANESHRAM SUKHRAM     IND
19RAHANGADALE MULCHAND OLGAN     IND
20DR RAMSAJIVAN KAWDU LILHARE     IND
21SADANAND SHRAWANJI GANVIR     IND
AMGAON-66     ARMORI-67     GADCHIROLI-68     AHERI-69     BRAHMAPURI-73
CHIMUR-74
S13-12-MH-GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR     1ASHOK MAHADEORAO NETE     BJP
2ATRAM RAJE SATYAWANRAO     BSP
3KOWASE MAROTRAO SAINUJI     INC
4NAMDEO ANANDRAO KANNAKE     CPI
5PROFFESOR KHANDALE KAWDU TULSHIRAM     KKJHS
6ADV DADMAL PRABHAKAR MAHAGUJI     PRBP
7PENDAM DIWAKAR GULAB     BBM
8PENDAM PURUSHOTTAM ZITUJI     DESEP
9VIJAY SURAJSING MADAVI     GGP
10JAMBHULE NARAYAN DINABAJI     IND
11DINESH TUKARAM MADAVI     IND
RAJURA-70     CHANDRAPUR-71     BALLARPUR-72     WARORA-75     WANI-76     ARNI-80
S13-13-MH-CHANDRAPUR     1AHIR HANSARAJ GANGARAM     BJP
2PUGALIA NARESH     INC
3ADV HAZARE DATTABHAU KRUSHNARAO     BSP
4KHARTAD LOMESH MAROTI     RWS
5KHOBRAGADE DESHAK GIRISHBABU     BBM
6CHATAP WAMAN SADASHIVRAO     STBP
7JAWED ABDUL KURESHI ALIAS PROF JAWED PASHA     JMM
8JITENDRA ADAKU RAUT     ABMP
9DANGE NATTHU BHAURAO     ARP
10PATHAN A RAZZAK KHAN HAYAT KHAN     SP
11MASRAM NIRANJAN SHIVRAM     GGP
12KALE DAMODHAR LAXMAN     IND
13QURESHI IKHALAQ MOHD YUSUF     IND
14GODE NARAYAN SHAHUJI     IND
15DEKATE BHASKAR PARASHRAM     IND
16MADHUKAR VITTHALRAO NISTANE     IND
17MESHRAM CHARANDAS JANGLUJI     IND
18RAMESH RAGHOBAJI TAJNE     IND
19VINOD DINANATH MESHRAM     IND
20VIRENDRA TARACHANDJI PUGLIA     IND
21SHATRUGHN VYANKATRAO SONPIMPLE     IND
22SANJAY NILKANTH GAWANDE     IND
23HIWARKAR SUDHIR MOTIRAMJI     IND
WASHIM-34     KARANJA-35     RALEGAON-77     YAVATMAL-78     DIGRAS-79     PUSAD-81
S13-14-MH-YAVATMAL-WASHIM     1YEDATKAR DILIP LAXMANRAO     BSP
2BHAVANA GAWALI PATIL     SHS
3HARISING RATHOD     INC
4UTTAM BHAGAJI KAMBLE     PRCP
5KURESHI SK MEHBUB SKFATTU     BBM
6KWAJA NASIRODDINE KHAN     DESEP
7GAJANAN KASHIRAM PATIL HEMBADE     KM
8DHAGE VITTHAL MAHADEV     RSPS
9MANIYAR YUNUS MAHMOOD ZAHMI     AUDF
10MOHMMAD KHAN AZIZ KHAN     SP
11ATHAWALE SADANAND PRALHADRAO     IND
12GAJANAN BURMAL DODWADE     IND
13NETAJI SITARAMJI KINAKE     IND
14NANDKISHOR NARAYANRAO THAKARE     IND
15PAWAR RAMESH GORSING     IND
16PURUSHOTTAM DOMAJI BHAJGAWRE     IND
17MADHUKAR SHIVDASPPA GORATE     IND
18MANOJ JANARDAN PATIL     IND
19MUKHADE SAU LALITARAI SUBHASHRAO     IND
20MESHRAM BANDU GANPAT     IND
21MOHD INAMURRAHIM MOHD MUSA     IND
22RAVINDRA ALIAS RAVIPAL MADHUKARRAO GANDHE     IND
23RAJKUMAR NARAYAN BHUJADALE     IND
24RATHOD DEVISING RAMA     IND
25SD VHIDODDIN SD KRIMODDIN     IND
26VISHNU KASINATH TAWKAR     IND
27SURESH BABAN PEDEKAR     IND
28SURESH BHIVA TARAL     IND
UMARKHED-82     KINWAT-83     HADGAON-84     BASMATH-92     KALAMNURI-93
HINGOLI-94
S13-15-MH-HINGOLI     1DR BD CHAVHAN     BSP
2SUBHASH BAPURAO WANDHEDE     SHS
3SURYAKANTA JAIWANTRAO PATIL     NCP
4UTTAMRAO DAGADUJI BHAGAT     PRCP
5AJAS NOORMINYA     DESEP
6NAIK MADHAVRAO BAHENARAO     BBM
7VINAYAK SHRIRAM BHISE     KM
8GUNDEKAR SANJAY ADELU     IND
9PATHAN SATTAR KASIMKHAN     IND
10PACHPUTE RAMPRASAD KISHANRAO     IND
11MD A MUJIM ANSARI A     IND
BHOKAR-85     NANDED NORTH-86     NANDED SOUTH-87     NAIGAON-89     DEGLUR-90
MUKHED-91
S13-16-MH-NANDED     1KHATGAONKAR PATIL BHASKARRAO BAPURAO     INC
2MD MAKBUL SALIM HAJI MD KHAJA     BSP
3SAMBHAJI PAWAR     BJP
4ALTAF AHMAD EAKBAL AHMAD     BBM
5KHADE SANJAY WAMANRAO     PRCP
6TIWARI RAMA BHAGIRAT     RSPS
7ADV CS BAHETI     JP
8MORE RAJESH EKNATHRAO     KM
9A RAEES A JABBAR     ANC
10SHINDE PREETI MADHUKAR     JSS
11SHUDHIR YASHWANT SURVE     KKJHS
12COM ASHOK NAGORAO GHAYALE     IND
13ANAND JADHAV HOTALKAR     IND
14KOREWAR BALAJI NARSING     IND
15JADHAV VISHNU MAROTI     IND
16NAVGHARE ANAND PANDURANG     IND
17NARAYAN SURYAVANSHI DOANGONKAR     IND
18PATHAN ZAFAR ALI KHAN MAHEMUD ALI KHAN     IND
19AIDS MAN PRAKASH TATERAO LANDGE     IND
20BHARANDE RAMCHANDRA GANGARAM     IND
21ADV RAMRAO PANDURANG WAGHMARE     IND
22HANMANTE VIJAY CHANDRAO     IND
JINTUR-95     PARBHANI-96     GANGAKHED-97     PATHRI-98     PARTUR-99
GHANSAWANGI-100
S13-17-MH-PARBHANI     1ADV DUDHGAONKAR GANESHRAO NAGORAO     SHS
2RAJSHRI BABASAHEB JAMAGE     BSP
3WARPUDKAR SURESH AMBADASRAO     NCP
4AJIM AHMED KHAN AJIJ KHAN     DESEP
5ASHOKRAO BABARAO AMBHORE     ANC
6KACHOLE MANAVENDRA SAWALARAM     STBP
7KALE VYANKATRAO BHIMRAO     KM
8NAMDEV LIMBAJI KACHAVE     KKJHS
9BHAND GANGADHAR SAKHARAM     BBM
10MULE BABAN DATTARAO     RSPS
11RUMALE TUKARAM DHONDIBA     PRCP
12SAYYAD EKRAMODDIN SAYYAD MUNIRODDIN     LVKP
13ASAD BIN ABDULLAHA BIN     IND
14JAMEEL AHMED SK AHMED     IND
15DR DESHMUKH KISHANRAO JANARDHANRAO EXSERVICEMAN     IND
16RATHOD RAMRAO DHANSING SIR     IND
17SHINDE LAXMAN EKANATH     IND
18SAMAR GORAKHNATH PAWAR     IND
19SALVE SUDHAKAR UMAJI     IND
JALNA-101     BADNAPUR-102     BHOKARDAN-103     SILLOD-104     PHULAMBRI-106
PAITHAN-110
S13-18-MH-JALNA     1DR KALE KALYAN VAIJINATHRAO     INC
2DANVE RAOSAHEB DADARAO     BJP
3RATHOD RAJPALSINH GABRUSINH     BSP
4AAPPASAHEB RADHAKISAN KUDHEKAR     KM
5KISAN BALVANTA BORDE     PRCP
6KHARAT ASHOK RAMRAO     BBM
7TAWAR KAILAS BHAUSAHEB     STBP
8DR DILAWAR MIRZA BAIG     IUML
9BHOJNE BABASAHEB SANGAM     RSPS
10MISAL TUKARAM BABURAOJI     SP
11RATNAPARKHE ARCHANA SUDHAKAR     RPIE
12SUBHASH FAKIRA SALVE     ANC
13SAYYAD MAKSUD NOOR     LJP
14KOLTE MANOJ NEMINATH     IND
15KHANDU HARISHCHANDRA LAGHANE     IND
16NADE DNYANESHWAR DAGDU     IND
17BABASAHEB PATIL SHINDE     IND
18SONWANE ASHOK VITTHAL     IND
19S HUSAIN AHEMAD     IND
KANNAD-105     AURANGABAD CENTRAL-107     AURANGABAD WEST-108     AURANGABAD
EAST-109     GANGAPUR-111     VAIJAPUR-112
S13-19-MH-AURANGABAD     1UTTAMSINGH RAJDHARSINGH PAWAR     INC
2CHANDRAKANT KHAIRE     SHS
3SAYYED SALIM SAYYED YUSUF     BSP
4JAHAGIRDAR MOHMAD AYUB GULAM     SP
5JYOTI RAMCHANDRA UPADHAYAY     BBM
6PANDURANG WAMANRAO NARWADE     PRCP
7BHIMSEN RAMBHAU KAMBLE     RPIE
8MANIK RAMU SHINDE     KM
9SHAIKH HARUN MALIK SAHEB     RSPS
10UTTAM MANIK KIRTIKAR     IND
11EJAZ KHAN BISMILLAH KHAN     IND
12KAZI MUSHIRODDIN TAJODDIN     IND
13KRISHNA DEVIDAS JADHAV     IND
14JADHAV TOTARAM GANPAT     IND
15JADHAV VISHNU SURYABHAN     IND
16JADHAV SUBHASH RUPCHAND     IND
17BANKAR MILIND RANUJI     IND
18SHANTIGIRIJI MOUNGIRIJI MAHARAJ     IND
19SHAIKH RAFIQ SHAIKH RAZZAK     IND
20SHAIKH SALIM PATEL WAHEGAONKAR     IND
21SAYYED RAUF SAYYED ZAMIR     IND
22SUBHASH KISANRAO PATIL JADHAV     IND
NANDGAON-113     KALWAN-117     CHANDVAD-118     YEVLA-119     NIPHAD-121
DINDORI-122
S13-20-MH-DINDORI     1GAVIT JEEVA PANDU     CPM
2GANGURDE DIPAK SHANKAR     BSP
3CHAVAN HARISHCHANDRA DEORAM     BJP
4ZIRWAL NARHARI SITARAM     NCP
5PAWAR SAMPAT WAMAN     BBM
6GANGURDE BALU KISAN     IND
7BHIKA HARISING BARDE     IND
8VIJAY NAMDEO PAWAR     IND
9SHANKAR DEORAM GANGUDE     IND
SINNAR-120     NASHIK EAST-123     NASHIK CENTRAL-124     NASHIK WEST-125
DEVLALI-126     IGATPURI-127
S13-21-MH-NASHIK     1GAIKWAD DATTA NAMDEO     SHS
2SAMEER BHUJBAL     NCP
3SHRIMAHANT SUDHIRDAS MAHARAJ     BSP
4KAILAS MADHUKAR CHAVAN     IJP
5GODSE HEMANT TUKARAM     MNS
6JADHAV NAMDEO BHIKAJI     BBM
7RAYATE VIJAY SAKHARAM  RAYATE SIR     HJP
8AD GULVE RAMNATH SANTUJI     IND
9DATTU GONYA GAIKWAD     IND
10PRAVINCHANDRA DATTARAM DETHE     IND
11BHARAT HIRMAN PARDESHI     IND
12RAJENDRA SAMPATRAO KADU     IND
DAHANU-128     VIKRAMGAD-129     PALGHAR-130     BOISAR-131     NALASOPARA-132
VASAI-133
S13-22-MH-PALGHAR     1KOM LAHANU SHIDVA     CPM
2ADV CHINTAMAN NAVSHA VANGA     BJP
3DALAVI BHASKAR LADKU     BSP
4SHINGADA DAMODAR BARKU     INC
5CHANDRAKANT BALU PHUPANE     BBM
6JADHAV BALIRAM SUKUR     BVA
7DR KASHIRAM MAHADU DHONDAGHA     IND
8PANDURANG JETHYA PARADHI     IND
BHIWANDI RURAL-134     SHAHAPUR-135     BHIWANDI WEST-136     BHIWANDI
EAST-137     KALYAN WEST-138     MURBAD-139
S13-23-MH-BHIWANDI     1TAWARE SURESH KASHINATH     INC
2PATIL JAGANNATH SHIVRAM     BJP
3VGPATIL     BSP
4AJIM GANI SHEKH     RKSP
5ISMAIL SHAIKH LATIF     KKJHS
6DEVRAJ KISAN MHATRE     MNS
7RR PATIL     SP
8MURTUZA MUZAFFAR SHAIKH     NNP
9SHASHIKANT MOTIRAM KATHORE     RSPS
10SHAIKH MEHBOOB BASHA VALI     BBM
11GURUNATH UNDRYA NAIK     IND
12DATTU GANAPAT BHOIR     IND
13MAHENDRA KERU WADHVINDE     IND
14MAHENDRA R MOHITE     IND
15VIKAS SAKHARAM NIKAM     IND
16VISHWANATH R PATIL     IND
AMBERNATH-140     ULHAS NAGAR-141     KALYAN EAST-142     DOMBIVALI-143     KALYAN
RURAL-144     MUMBRA-KALWA-149
S13-24-MH-KALYAN     1ANAND PRAKASH PARANJAPE     SHS
2KHAN KAMRUDDIN A GANI     BSP
3DAWKHARE VASANT SHANKARRAO     NCP
4AZAMI MUHAMMAD MAROOF NASIM     RSPS
5KHAN AYAD MOHAMMAD NEBAS ALI     IUML
6NARENDRA WAMAN MORE     PRBP
7VAISHALI DAREKARRANE     MNS
8ADVSSSALVE RETIRED JUDGE     BBM
9SAYYAD HASINA MOHAMMED NASEEM     NBNP
10HRUDHAYNATH BAPU WAGHODE ALIAS BALABHAU     KM
11ALOK SINGH CHOTELAL     IND
12GOVARDHAN CHANGO BHAGAT     IND
13DHANANJAY BAPPASAHEB JOGDAND     IND
14COM BABAN KAMBLE     IND
15BHANUSHALI LAXMINDAS VELJI     IND
16MOHHAMAD YUSUF FAROOKH KHAN     IND
17VADHVINDE MAHENDRA KERU     IND
18SHIRSE RAMSINGH UKHAJI     IND
19SIDDIQUE ASFAQUE ALI     IND
20SURESH RAM PANDAGALE     IND
MIRA BHAYANDAR-145     OVALA – MAJIWADA-146     KOPRI-PACHPAKHADI-147
THANE-148     AIROLI-150     BELAPUR-151
S13-25-MH-THANE     1AVANINDRA KUMAR TRIPATHI     BSP
2CHAUGULE VIJAY LAXMAN     SHS
3DRSANJEEV GANESH NAIK     NCP
4KAMLAKAR ANAND TAYDE     BBM
5JAIN SEEMA MAHENDRA     PRBP
6PATHAN JAVEED KAMIL KHAN     NNP
7PARAG HANUMANT NEWALKAR     KKJHS
8BERNARDSHAW DAVID NADAR     RP(K)
9MAHESH RATHI CHANAKYA     RVNP
10RAJAN RAJE     MNS
11SINGH RAJESH MUNNILAL     RSPS
12AHMAD AFJAL SHAIKH     IND
13KAMBLE SACHIN SHIRPAT     IND
14KUMAR K     IND
15KHAN FIROZ YUSUFKHAN     IND
16GAUD FAUJDAR RANGI     IND
17CHETAN PRAKASH JADHAV     IND
18JAIPRAKASH NARAYAN BHANDE     IND
19RD TAMBE     IND
20PARANJAPE DIPSHREE DEEPAK     IND
21PRAMOD INGALE     IND
22FREDI ALBERT BHANGA     IND
23MURLIDHAR KRUSNA PAWAR     IND
24MANGESH BHARAT KHADE     IND
25MOH RIZWAN ABDULLA PATEL     IND
26VIJAY CHAUGULE     IND
27VIDYADHAR LAXMAN JOSHI     IND
28VILAS DIPAK KHAMBE     IND
29SAYED SHAFIQ AHMED ZOIDI     IND
30SWATANTRA KUMAR PARMANAND ANAND     IND
BORIVALI-152     DAHISAR-153     MAGATHANE-154     KANDIVALI EAST-160
CHARKOP-161     MALAD WEST-162
S13-26-MH-MUMBAI NORTH     1RAM NAIK     BJP
2LAKHMENDRA KHURANA     BSP
3SANJAY BRIJKISHORLAL NIRUPAM     INC
4USMAN THIM     SP
5KAILAS KATHAJI CHAVAN     PRCP
6PARKAR SHIRISH LAXMAN     MNS
7RAMESH KUMAR R SINGH     SBSP
8RAJENDRA J THACKER     PRPI
9DR LEO REBELLO     BBM
10SANGEETA SHETTY LOKHANDE     PPIS
11AD ARUN R KEJRIWAL     IND
12KALYAN BHIMA GALPHADE     IND
13GOPAL RAGHUNATH JAMSANDEKAR     IND
14JAMNA PRASAD GANGAPRASAD PATEL     IND
15JAHIR HUSSEIN ABDUL GANI HAVALDAR     IND
16BHANDARI RAMESH SUKUR     IND
17MAHENDRA TUKARAM AHIRE     IND
18RAKESH D KUMAR     IND
19VASHRAMBHAI MOHANBHAI PATEL     IND
20SHYAM TIPANNA KURADE     IND
21SUBODH GIRDHARI RANJAN     IND
22SUBHASH PARSHURAM KHANVILKAR     IND
23SURENDRA AMBALAL PATEL     IND
JOGESHWARI EAST-158     DINDOSHI-159     GOREGAON-163     VERSOVA-164     ANDHERI
WEST-165     ANDHERI EAST-166
S13-27-MH-MUMBAI NORTH WEST     1ATHAR SIDDIQUI     BSP
2ADKAMAT GURUDAS VASANT     INC
3GAJANAN KIRTIKAR     SHS
4AGGARWAL RISHI DHARAMPAL     JGP
5ABU ASIM AZMI     SP
6JADHAV BHIKAJI GANGARAM     KKJHS
7THAKARE SHALINI JITENDRA     MNS
8TAWADE DILIP NARAYAN     AIFB
9PAWAR SUBHASH PANDURANG     PRCP
10VAIJANATH SANGRAM GAIKWAD     BBM
11ANITA RAMKRUSHAN RUPAWATE     IND
12KAMBLE SATISH KISAN     IND
13DAYANAND NIVRUTI KAMBLE     IND
14DHOTRE MARUTI YAMNAPPA     IND
15NINAD MANJARDEKAR     IND
16PRAMOD SITARAM KASURDE     IND
17BHATIA RIPUDAMAN SINGH     IND
18MOHAMMED RAFIQ ABDUL RAZAK SHAIKH     IND
19MAHADEV LIMBAJI GALPHADE     IND
20DR VIJAY BHAVE     IND
21SANTOSH PANDURANG CHAIKE     IND
MULUND-155     VIKHROLI-156     BHANDUP WEST-157     GHATKOPAR WEST-169
GHATKOPAR EAST-170     MANKHURD SHIVAJI NAGAR-171
S13-28-MH-MUMBAI NORTH EAST     1ASHOK CHANDRAPAL SINGH     BSP
2KIRIT SOMAIYA     BJP
3SANJAY DINA PATIL     NCP
4KOKARE SANJAY DHAKU     BBM
5MANISHA MUKESH GADE     KKJHS
6VISHWANATH DATTU PATIL     RSPS
7SHISHIR SHINDE     MNS
8JAYESH C MIRANI     IND
9TATVASAHEB REVDEKAR     IND
10DIKSHA JITENDRA JAGTAP     IND
11DHARMPAL BHAGWAN MESHRAM     IND
12NAMDEV TUKARAM SATHE     IND
13NARAYAN ANAND ROKADE     IND
14PANKAJBHAI SOMCHAND SHAH     IND
15PRAKASH D KAMBLE     IND
16SUNITA MOHAN TUPSOUNDARYA     IND
VILE PARLE-167     CHANDIVALI-168     KURLA-174     KALINA-175     VANDRE
EAST-176     VANDRE WEST-177
S13-29-MH-MUMBAI NORTH CENTRAL     1EBRAHIM SHAIKH     BSP
2DUTT PRIYA SUNIL     INC
3MAHESH RAM JETHMALANI     BJP
4JAYESH JASHWANTRAI BHAYANI     THPI
5BHOSALE NITIN GANGARAM     RPIE
6MOHAMAND RAFIQ QURESHI     NNP
7MOHD SHAHID     IBSP
8SHILPA ATUL SARPOTDAR     MNS
9SUREKHA PEVEKAR     RSPS
10ARORA RAKESH VISHWANATH     IND
11ASLAM HANIF KHOT     IND
12CHELJI S PATEL     IND
13TULSIDAS KRISHNADAS NAIR     IND
14COM DEVCHAND RANDIVE     IND
15MOHAMAD YAHIYA SIDDHIQUE     IND
16RAJKAMAL JAISINGH YADAV     IND
17WAGHMARE AATISH RAMCHANDRA     IND
18SUDHIR SHANKAR PARDESHI     IND
19SUHAS BHIKURAM TAMBE     IND
ANUSHAKTI NAGAR-172     CHEMBUR-173     DHARAVI-178     SION KOLIWADA-179
WADALA-180     MAHIM-181
S13-30-MH-MUMBAI SOUTH CENTRAL     1IQBAL MOHAMMAD SAYYAD     RJD
2EKNATH M GAIKWAD     INC
3BARVE PRAVIN RAMCHANDRA     BSP
4SURESH ANANT GAMBHIR     SHS
5DR AKALPITA PARANJPE     BUDM
6AD ANARYA PUNDALIK PAWAR     BBM
7KAMAL NARAYAN WAGHDARE     RP(K)
8KARAM HUSSAIN KHAN     NLHP
9KISHOR BHAGWAN JAGTAP     RSPS
10GARUD MILIND MADHAV MG     RPIE
11MOHHAMMED USMAN SHAIKH     BMSM
12RAJENDRA GANPAT JADHAV     PRCP
13SHWETA VIVEK PARULKAR     MNS
14KISHORKUMAR VASANTRAO JADHAV     IND
15TRIYOGINATH DUBEY     IND
16DILIP RAMCHANDRA GANDHI     IND
17MANOJ G SINGH     IND
18RAJU SAHEBRAO DALVI     IND
19ROHAN GAWRU TAMBE     IND
20LAYEEK AHMED ANSARI     IND
21VIKAS KUMAR     IND
22SHAHAJIRAO DHONDIBA THORAT     IND
23DR SAILEN KUMAR GHOSH     IND
WORLI-182     SHIVADI-183     BYCULLA-184     MALABAR HILL-185     MUMBA
DEVI-186     COLABA-187
S13-31-MH-MUMBAI SOUTH     1DEORA MILIND MURLI     INC
2MOHAN RAWALE     SHS
3MOHAMMAD ALI ABUBAKAR SHAIKH     BSP
4AVDHUT RAMCHANDRA BHISE     JD(S)
5CHIRAG KANTILAL JETHAVA     KKJHS
6FIROZ USMAN TINVALA     DESEP
7BALA NANDGAONKAR     MNS
8DRMONA KARTIK SHAH     PRPI
9MOHAMMED AMIR SHAIKH MONTU     RPI(D)
10AD RAJESH YASHVANT BHOSALE     PPOI
11SAYYED ATHER ALI     SP
12ASHOK SHANKAR AMBULKAR     IND
13KHIMJI CHIMAN MAKWANA     IND
14ADVOCATE FIROZ AHMED ANSARI     IND
15MIRA H SANYAL     IND
16MUKESH NEMICHAND JAIN     IND
17DR SHAIKH SHAHID AHMED     IND
18SAYYED SALIM SAYYED RAHIM     IND
19SURYAKANT KESHAV SHINGE     IND
20ZNYOSHO RASHTRAPATI     IND
PEN-191     ALIBAG-192     SHRIVARDHAN-193     MAHAD-194     DAPOLI-263
GUHAGAR-264
S13-32-MH-RAIGAD     1ANANT GEETE     SHS
2BARRISTER AR ANTULAY     INC
3MOHITE KIRAN BABURAO     BSP
4EKANATH ARJUN PATIL     RSPS
5ADV PRAVIN MADHUKAR THAKUR     IND
6DR SIDDHARTH PATIL     IND
7SUNIL BHASKAR NAIK     IND
PANVEL-188     KARJAT-189     URAN-190     MAVAL-204     CHINCHWAD-205
PIMPRI-206
S13-33-MH-MAVAL     1PANSARE AZAM FAKEERBHAI     NCP
2BABAR GAJANAN DHARMSHI     SHS
3MISHRA UMAKANT RAMESHWAR     BSP
4AYU DEEPALI NIVRUTTI CHAVAN     PRCP
5PRADIP PANDURANG KOCHAREKAR     RSPS
6ADVSHIVSHANKAR DATTATRAY SHINDE     KM
7ISHWAR DATTATRAY JADHAV     IND
8JAGANNATH PANDURANG KHARGE     IND
9DOLE BHIMRAJ NIVRUTTI     IND
10ADVOCATE TUKARAM WAMANRAO BANSODE     IND
11TANTARPALE GOPAL YASHWANTRAO     IND
12ADVOCATE PRAMOD MAHADEV GORE     IND
13BHAPKAR MARUTI SAHEBRAO     IND
14MAHENDRA PRABHAKAR TIWARI     IND
15BRO MANUAL DESOZA     IND
16YASHWANT NARAYAN DESAI     IND
17SHAKEEL RAJBHAI SHAIKH     IND
18HARIBHAU DADAJI SHINDE     IND
VADGAOL SHERI-208     SHIVAJINAGAR-209     KOTHRUD-210     PARVATI-212     PUNE
CANTONMENT-214     KASBA PETH-215
S13-34-MH-PUNE     1ANIL SHIROLE     BJP
2KALMADI SURESH     INC
3D S K ALIAS DSKULKARNI     BSP
4ARUN BHATIA     PG
5GULAB TATYA WAGHMODE     BBM
6BAGBAN JAVED KASIM     IUML
7VIKRAMADITYA OMPRAKASH DHIMAN     RSPS
8VINOD ANAND SINH     PTSS
9SHIROLE RANJEET SHRIKANT     MNS
10SAVITA HAJARE     PPOI
11SANGHARSH ARUN APTE     PRCP
12AJAY VASANT PAITHANKAR     IND
13ADAGALE BHAUSAHEB RAMCHANDRA     IND
14ASHOK GANPAT PALKHE ALIAS SUTAR     IND
15KAMTAM ISWAR SAMBHAYYA     IND
16KULKARNI KAUSTUBH SHASHIKANT     IND
17KHAN AMANULLA MOHMOD AL     IND
18KHAN NISSAR TAJ AHMAD     IND
19P K CHAVAN     IND
20CHOUDHARI SUNIL GULABRAO     IND
21CHOURE VILAS CHINTAMAN     IND
22TATYA ALIAS NARAYAN SHANKAR WAMBHIRE     IND
23TAMBOLI SHABBIR SAJJANBHAI     IND
24DATTATRAYA GANESH TALGERI     IND
25BAGADE SACHIN MARUTI     IND
26BALU ALIAS ANIL SHIROLE     IND
27BHARAT MANOHAR GAVALI     IND
28BHAGWAT RAGHUNATH KAMBLE     IND
29RAJENDRA BHAGAT ALIAS JITU BHAI     IND
30VIKRAM NARENDRA BOKE     IND
31SHINDE RAJENDRA BABURAO     IND
32SHAIKH ALTAF KARIM     IND
33SHRIKANT MADHUSUDAN JAGTAP     IND
34SARDESAI KISHORKUMAR RAGHUNATH     IND
35ADVSUBHASH NARHAR GODSE     IND
36SANTOSH ALIAS SOMNATH KALU PAWAR     IND
DAUND-199     INDAPUR-200     BARAMATI-201     PURANDAR-202     BHOR-203
KHADAKWASALA-211
S13-35-MH-BARAMATI     1KUDALEPATIL VIVEK ANANT     BSP
2KANTA JAYSING NALAWADE     BJP
3SUPRIYA SULE     NCP
4MAYAWATI AMAR CHITRE     BMSM
5SHELAR SANGEETA PANDURANG     KM
6SACHIN VITTHAL AHIRE     PRCP
7SAMPAT MARUTI TAKALE     RSPS
8GHORPADE SAVEETA ASHOK     IND
9TATYA ALIAS NARAYAN SHANKAR WAMBHIRE     IND
10TANTARPALE GOPAL YESHWANTRAO     IND
11DEEPAK SHANKAR BHAPKAR     IND
12BHIMA ANNA KADALE     IND
13MRUNALEENI JAYRAJ KAKADE     IND
14YOGESH SONABA RANDHEER     IND
15SHIVAJI JAYSING KOKARE     IND
16SURESH BABURAO VEER     IND
17SANGITA SHRIMAN BHUMKAR     IND
JUNNAR-195     AMBEGAON-196     KHED ALANDI-197     SHIRUR-198     BHOSARI-207
HADAPSAR-213
S13-36-MH-SHIRUR     1ADHALRAO SHIVAJI DATTATRAY     SHS
2ZAGADE YASHWANT SITARAM     BSP
3VILAS VITHOBA LANDE     NCP
4PALLAVI MOHAN HARSHE     PRCP
5SHELAR DNYANOBA SHRIPATI     RPPI
6SURESH MULCHAND KANKARIA MAMA     RSPS
7ABHANG KONDIBHAU BHIMAJI     IND
8KARANDE CHANGDEO NAMDEO     IND
9KALURAM RAGHUNATH TAPKIR     IND
10RAM DHARMA DAMBALE     IND
11LANDE VILAS MHATARBA     IND
SHEVGAON-222     RAHURI-223     PARNER-224     AHMEDNAGAR CITY-225
SHRIGONDA-226     KARJAT JAMKHED-227
S13-37-MH-AHMADNAGAR     1KARDILE SHIVAJI BHANUDAS     NCP
2KARBHARI WAMAN SHIRSAT ALIAS KV SHIRSAT     CPI
3GADAKH TUKARAM GANGADHAR     BSP
4GANDHI DILIPKUMAR MANSUKHLAL     BJP
5KAZI SAJID MUJIR     RPIE
6HAKE BHANUDAS KISAN     RSPS
7HOLE BHANUDAS NAMDEO     BBM
8ARUN KAHAR     IND
9AVINASH MALHARRAO GHODAKE     IND
10KHAIRE ARJUN DEORAO     IND
11GAIKWAD BALASAHEB RAMCHANDRA     IND
12NAUSHAD ANSAR SHAIKH     IND
13PROF MAHENDRA DADA SHINDE     IND
14RAUT EKNATH BABASAHEB     IND
15RAJIV APPASAHEB RAJALE     IND
AKOLE-216     SANGAMNER-217     SHIRDI-218     KOPARGAON-219     SHRIRAMPUR-220
NEVASA-221
S13-38-MH-SHIRDI     1KACHARU NAGU WAGHMARE     BSP
2WAKCHOURE BHAUSAHEB RAJARAM     SHS
3ATHAWALE RAMDAS BANDU     RPI
4DHOTRE SUCHIT CHINTAMANI     KM
5SATISH BALASAHEB PALGHADMAL     PRCP
6ADHAGALE RAJENDRA NAMDEV     IND
7KAMBALE RAMESH ANKUSH     IND
8GAIKWAD APPASAHEB GANGADHAR     IND
9BAGUL BALU DASHARATH     IND
10MEDHE PRAFULLAKUMAR MURLIDHAR     IND
11RAKSHE ANNASAHEB EKNATH     IND
12RUPWATE PREMANAND DAMODHAR     IND
13LODHE SHARAD LAXAMAN     IND
14WAGH GANGADHAR RADHAJI     IND
15VAIRAGHAR SUDHIR NATHA     IND
16SABALE ANIL DAMODHAR     IND
17SANDIP BHASKAR GOLAP     IND
GEORAI-228     MAJALGAON-229     BEED-230     ASHTI-231     KAIJ-232     PARLI-233
S13-39-MH-BEED     1KOKATE RAMESH BABURAO ADASKAR     NCP
2MASKE MACHHINDRA BABURAO     BSP
3MUNDE GOPINATHRAO PANDURANG     BJP
4KHALGE KACHRU SANTRAMJI     BBM
5GURAV KALYAN BHANUDAS     RKSP
6TATE ASHOK SANTRAM     ARP
7NIKALJE SHEELATAI MAHENDRA     PRCP
8PRAMOD ALIAS PARMESHWAR SAKHARAM MOTE     KM
9BABURAO NARAYANRAO KAGADE     ANC
10DR SHIVAJIRAO KISANRAO SHENDGE     RSPS
11KAMAL KONDIRAM NIMBALKAR     IND
12KAMBLE DEEPAK DYANOBA     IND
13KHAN SIKANDAR KHAN HUSSAIN KHAN     IND
14GUJAR KHAN MIRZA KHAN     IND
15ADVNATKAR RAMRAO SHESHRAO     IND
16PATHAN GAFARKHAN JABBARKHAN     IND
17MAHAMMAD AKARAM MAHAMMAD SALIMUDDIN BAGWAN     IND
18RAMESH VISHVANATH KOKATE     IND
19SAYYED MINHAJ ALI WAJED ALI PENDKHJUR WALE     IND
20SAYYED SALIM FATTU     IND
21SARDAR KHAN SULTANABABA     IND
AUSA-239     UMARGA-240     TULJAPUR-241     OSMANABAD-242     PARANDA-243
BARSHI-246
S13-40-MH-OSMANABAD     1GAIKWAD RAVINDRA VISHWANATH     SHS
2DIVAKAR YASHWANT NAKADE     BSP
3PATIL PADAMSINHA BAJIRAO     NCP
4JAGTAP BHAGWAN DADARAO     BBM
5TARKASE DHANANJAY MURLIDHAR     ABHM
6TAWADE PRAKASH TANAJIRAO     KM
7BANSODE GUNDERAO SHIVRAM     RSPS
8BABA FAIJODDIN SHAIKH     NELU
9BHOSLE REVAN VISHWANATH     JD(S)
10MUJAWAR SHAHABUDDIN NABIRASUL     PRCP
11RAJENDRA RANDITRAO HIPPERGEKAR     KKJHS
12ANGARSHA SALIM BABULAL     IND
13GAIKWAD UMAJI PANDURANG     IND
14CHAVAN BABU VITHOBA     IND
15CHANDANE PINTU PANDURANG     IND
16DADASAHEB SHANKARRAO JETITHOR     IND
17NITURE ARUN BHAURAO     IND
18PATEL HASHAM ISMAIL     IND
19PAWAR HARIDAS MANIKRAO     IND
20PATIL MAHADEO DNYANDEO     IND
21BALAJI BAPURAO TUPSUNDARE     IND
22ADV BHAUSAHEB ANIL BELURE BEMBLIKAR     IND
23MUNDHE PATRIL PADAMSINHA VIJAYSINHA     IND
24YEVATEPATIL SHRIMANT     IND
25SANDIPAN RAMA ZOMBADE     IND
LOHA-88     LATUR RURAL-234     LATUR CITY-235     AHMADPUR-236     UDGIR-237
NILANGA-238
S13-41-MH-LATUR     1AAWALE JAYWANT GANGARAM     INC
2GAIKWAD SUNIL BALIRAM     BJP
3ADV BABASAHEB SADSHIVRAO GAIKWAD     BSP
4ARAK ASHOK VIKRAM     KM
5VK ACHARYA     PRCP
6TM KAMBLE     RPI(D)
7GANNE TUKARAM RAMBHAU     JSS
8BANSODE RAGHUNATH WAGHOJI     PRBP
9BABURAO SATYAWAN POTBHARE     BBM
10RAMKUMAR RAIWADIKAR     SWJP
11SHRIKANT RAMRAO JEDHE     RSPS
12SASANE ATUL GANGARAM     ARP
13SAHEBRAO HARIBHAU WAGHMARE     KKJHS
14AAWCHARE VIJAYKUMAR BABRUWAN     IND
15KAMBLE BANSILAL RAMCHANDRA     IND
16NILANGEKAR AVINASH MADHUKARRAO     IND
17MANE GAJANAN PANDURANG     IND
18SANJAY KABIRDAS GAIKWAD     IND
MOHOL-247     SOLAPUR CITY NORTH-248     SOLAPUR CITY CENTRAL-249
AKKALKOT-250     SOLAPUR SOUTH-251     PANDHARPUR-252
S13-42-MH-SOLAPUR     1GAIKWAD PRAMOD RAMCHANDRA     BSP
2ADV BANSODE SHARAD MARUTI     BJP
3SHINDE SUSHILKUMAR SAMBHAJIRAO     INC
4ADV KASABEKAR SHRIDHAR LIMBAJI     RSPS
5RAJGURU NARAYAN YEDU     BBM
6LAXMIKANT CHANDRAKANT GAIKWAD     KKJHS
7NARAYANKAR RAJENDRA BABURAO     IND
8NITINKUMAR RAMCHANDRA KAMBLE ALIAS NITIN BANPURKAR     IND
9BANSODE UTTAM BHIMSHA     IND
10BANSODE RAHUL DATTU     IND
11MILIND MAREPPA MULE     IND
12VIKRAM UTTAM KASABE     IND
13VIJAYKUMAR BHAGWANRAO UGHADE     IND
KARMALA-244     MADHA-245     SANGOLE-253     MALSHIRAS-254     PHALTAN-255
MAN-258
S13-43-MH-MADHA     1DESHMUKH SUBHASH SURESHCHANDRA     BJP
2PAWAR SHARADCHANDRA GOVINDRAO     NCP
3RAHUL VITTHAL SARWADE     BSP
4AYU GAIKWAD SATISH SUGRAV     PRCP
5CHAVAN SUBHASH VITTHAL     BBM
6MAHADEO JAGANNATH JANKAR     RSPS
7RAMCHANDRA NARAYAN KACCHAVE     KKJHS
8SASTE KAKASAHEB MAHADEO     KM
9SOU NAGMANI KISAN JAKKAN     IND
10DRM D PATIL     IND
11BANSODE BALVEER DAGADU     IND
12BHANUDAS BHAGAWAN DEVAKATE     IND
13DR MAHADEO ABAJI POL     IND
14SURESH SHAMRAO GHADGE     IND
15DNYANESHWAR VITTHAL AMALE     IND
MIRAJ-281     SANGLI-282     PALUS-KADEGAON-285     KHANAPUR-286     TASGAON –
KAVATHE MAHANKAL-287     JAT-288
S13-44-MH-SANGLI     1PATEL MJAVED M YUSUF     BSP
2PRATIK PRAKASHBAPU PATIL     INC
3ASHOK DNYANU MANEBHAU     STBP
4MANOHAR BALKRISHNA KHEDKAR     BBM
5MAHADEV ANNA WAGHAMARE     RSPS
6AJITRAO SHANKARRAO GHORPADE     IND
7ANSARI SHABBIR AHEMED     IND
8GANPATI TUKARAM KAMBLE ALIAS GT KAMBLE     IND
9PANDHARE DATTATRAYA PANDURANG     IND
10KAVTHEKAR PRAVIN BHAGWAN KAVTHEKAR ALIAS JIVA MAHALE     IND
11MULANI BALEKHAN USMAN     IND
12VAGARE MARUTI MURA     IND
13SHAMRAO PIRAJI KADAM     IND
14SIDDESHWAR SHIVAPPA BHOSALE     IND
WAI-256     KOREGAON-257     KARAD NORTH-259     KARAD SOUTH-260     PATAN-261
SATARA-262
S13-45-MH-SATARA     1CHAVAN PRASHANT VASANT     BSP
2PURUSHOTTAM BAJIRAO JADHAV     SHS
3BHONSLE SHRIMANT CHH UDYANRAJE PRATAPSINHMAHARAJ     NCP
4BHAUSAHEB GANGARAM WAGH     RSPS
5ALANKRITA ABHIJIT AWADEBICHUKALE     IND
CHIPLUN-265     RATNAGIRI-266     RAJAPUR-267     KANKAVLI-268     KUDAL-269
SAWANTWADI-270
S13-46-MH-RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG     1DRNILESH NARAYAN RANE     INC
2PARULEKAR JAYENDRA SHRIPAD     BSP
3SURESH PRABHAKAR PRABHU     SHS
4AJAY ALIAS AABA DADA JADHAV     KKJHS
5RAJESH PUSUSHOTTAM SURVE     RSPS
6VILASRAO KHANVILKAR     ABHM
7SIRAJ ABDULLA KAUCHALI     BBM
8KHALAPE AKBAR MAHAMMAD     IND
9SURENDRA BORKAR     IND
CHANDGAD-271     RADHANAGARI-272     KAGAL-273     KOLHAPUR SOUTH-274
KARVIR-275     KOLHAPUR NORTH-276
S13-47-MH-KOLHAPUR     1KAMBLE SUHAS NIVRUTI     BSP
2CHHATRPATI SAMBHAJIRAJE SHAHU     NCP
3DEVANE VIJAY SHAMRAO     SHS
4KAMBLE MARUTI RAVELU     BBM
5CHOUGULE BHAI PT     IND
6DR NEELAMBARI RAMESH MANDAPE     IND
7SR TATYA PATIL     IND
8BAJRANG KRISHNA PATIL     IND
9MAHAMMADGOUS GULAB NADAF     IND
10SADASHIVRAO MANDLIK DADOBA     IND
SHAHUWADI-277     HATKANANGLE-278     ICHALKARANJI-279     SHIROL-280
ISLAMPUR-283     SHIRALA-284
S13-48-MH-HATKANANGLE     1KANADE ANILKUMAR MAHADEV     BSP
2MANE NIVEDITA SAMBHAJIRAO     NCP
3RAGHUNATH RAMCHANDRA PATIL     SHS
4PATIL UDAY PANDHARINATH     KM
5BABURAO OMANNA KAMBLE     RSPS
6MANE ARVIND BHIVA     BBM
7SHETTI RAJU ALIAS DEVAPPA ANNA     SWP
8ARUN ALIAS SHAM BAJARNAG BUCHADE     IND
9THORAT ANANDRAO TUKARAM     IND
10SURNIKE ANANDRAO VASANTRAO FOUJI BAPU     IND
KHUNDRAKPAM-1     HEINGANG-2     KHURAI-3     KSHETRIGAO-4     THONGJU-5
KEIRAO-6     ANDRO-7     LAMLAI-8     THANGMEIBAND-9     URIPOK-10
S14-1-MN-INNER MANIPUR     1DR THOKCHOM MEINYA     INC
2THOUNAOJAM CHAOBA     MPP
3MOIRANGTHEM NARA     CPI
4WAHENGBAM NIPAMACHA SINGH     BJP
5L KSHETRANI DEVI     RBCP
6ABDUL RAHMAN     IND
7NONGMAITHEM HOMENDRO SINGH     IND
HEIROK-33     WANGJING TENTHA-34     KHANGABOK-35     WABGAI-36     KAKCHING-37
HIYANGLAM-38     SUGNU-39     JIRIBAM-40     CHANDEL (ST)-41     TENGNOUPAL (ST)-42
S14-2-MN-OUTER MANIPUR     1THANGSO BAITE     INC
2D LOLI ADANEE     BJP
3LB SONA     NCP
4M JAMKHONGAM  M YAMKHONGAM HAOKIP     RJD
5THANGKHANGIN     LJP
6MANI CHARENAMEI     PDA
7VALLEY ROSE HUNGYO     IND
8MANGSHI ROSE MANGSHI HAOKIP     IND
9LAMLALMOI GANGTE     IND
NARTIANG-1     JOWAI-2     RALIANG-3     MOWKAIAW-4     SUTNGA SAIPUNG-5
KHLIEHRIAT-6     AMLAREM-7     MAWHATI-8     NONGPOH-9     JIRANG-10
S15-1-ML-SHILLONG     1DALINGTON DYMPEP     CPI
2JOHN FILMORE KHARSHIING     UDP
3VINCENT H PALA     INC
4P B M BASAIAWMOIT     HSPDP
5MARTLE NMUKHIM     MDP
6DENIS SIANGSHAI     IND
7TIEROD PASSAH     IND
KHARKUTTA-37     MENDIPATHAR-38     RESUBELPARA-39     BAJENGDOBA-40
SONGSAK-41     RONGJENG-42     WILLIAM NAGAR-43     RAKSAMGRE-44     TIKRIKILA-45
PHULBARI-46
S15-2-ML-TURA     1AGATHA K SANGMA     NCP
2DEBORA C MARAK     INC
3BOSTON MARAK     ACNC
4ARLENE N SANGMA     IND
HACHHEK-1     DAMPA-2     MAMIT-3     TUIRIAL-4     KOLASIB-5     SERLUI-6
TUIVAWL-7     CHALFILH-8     TAWI-9     AIZAWL NORTH – I-10
S16-1-MZ-MIZORAM     1LALAWMPUIA CHHANGTE     NCP
2CLRUALA     INC
3DR H LALLUNGMUANA     IND
4RUALPAWLA     IND
DIMAPUR-I-1     DIMAPUR-II-2     DIMAPUR-III-3     GHASPANI-I-4
GHASPANI-II-5     TENNING-6     PEREN-7     WESTERN ANGAMI-8     KOHIMA TOWN-9
NORTHERN ANGAMI-I-10
S17-1-NL-NAGALAND     1K ASUNGBA SANGTAM     INC
2CM CHANG     NPF
3DR RILANTHUNG ODYUO     AITC
PADAMPUR-1     BIJEPUR-2     BARGARH-3     ATTABIRA-4     BHATLI-5
BRAJARAJNAGAR-6     JHARSUGUDA-7
S18-1-OR-BARGARH     1RADHARANI PANDA     BJP
2SANJAY BHOI     INC
3SUNIL KUMAR AGRAWAL     BSP
4DR HAMID HUSSAIN     BJD
5NILADRI BEHARI PANDA     KOKD
6SURENDRA KUMAR AGRAWAL     IND
TALSARA-8     SUNDARGARH-9     BIRAMITRAPUR-10     RAGHUNATHPALI-11
ROURKELA-12     RAJGANGAPUR-13     BONAI-14
S18-2-OR-SUNDARGARH     1JUAL ORAM     BJP
2JEROM DUNGDUNG     BSP
3LIVNUS KINDO     JMM
4SALOMI MINZ     CPM
5HEMANANDA BISWAL     INC
6RAMA CHANDRA EKKA     JDP
7SAGAR SING MANKEE     KOKD
8DALESWAR MAJHI     IND
9MANSID EKKA     IND
KUCHINDA-15     RENGALI-16     SAMBALPUR-17     RAIRAKHOL-18     DEOGARH-19
CHHENDIPADA-62     ATHAMALLIK-63
S18-3-OR-SAMBALPUR     1AMARNATH PRADHAN     INC
2GOBINDA RAM AGARWAL     BSP
3ROHIT PUJARI     BJD
4SURENDRA LATH     BJP
5ASHOK KUMAR NAIK     KOKD
6BIJAYA KUMAR MAHANANDA     RPI
7MD ALI HUSSAIN     IND
TELKOI-20     GHASIPURA-21     ANANDAPUR-22     PATNA-23     KEONJHAR-24
CHAMPUA-25     KARANJIA-30
S18-4-OR-KEONJHAR     1ANANTA NAYAK     BJP
2DHANURJAYA SIDU     INC
3YASHBANT NARAYAN SINGH LAGURI     BJD
4LACHHAMAN MAJHI     JMM
5DR SUDARSHAN LOHAR     BSP
6CHITTA RANJAN MUNDA     IND
7DR FAKIR MOHAN NAIK     IND
JASHIPUR-26     SARASKANA-27     RAIRANGPUR-28     BANGRIPOSI-29     UDALA-31
BARIPADA-33     MORADA-34
S18-5-OR-MAYURBHANJ     1GAMHA SINGH     BSP
2DROUPADI MURMU     BJP
3LAXMAN TUDU     BJD
4LAXMAN MAJHI     INC
5SUDAM MARNDI     JMM
6LAXMISWAR TAMUDIA     SP
7SUNDAR MOHAN MAJHI     JDP
8DEVI PRASANNA BESRA     IND
9NARENDRA HANSDA     IND
10RAMESWAR MAJHI     IND
BADASAHI-32     JALESWAR-35     BHOGRAI-36     BASTA-37     BALASORE-38
REMUNA-39     NILGIRI-40
S18-6-OR-BALASORE     1ARUN JENA     JMM
2ARUN DEY     NCP
3MAHAMEGHA BAHAN AIRA KHARABELA SWAIN     BJP
4SHRADHANJALI PRADHAN     BSP
5SRIKANTA KUMAR JENA     INC
6DEBASISH RANJAN DASH     SAMO
7RAKESH RANJAN PATRA     JHKP
8GHASIRAM MOHANTA     IND
9LAXIMIKANTA BEHERA     IND
SORO-41     SIMULIA-42     BHANDARIPOKHARI-43     BHADRAK-44     BASUDEVPUR-45
DHAMNAGAR-46     CHANDABALI-47
S18-7-OR-BHADRAK     1ANANTA PRASAD SETHI     INC
2ARJUN CHARAN SETHI     BJD
3NITYANANDA JENA     BSP
4RATH DAS     BJP
5GOLAK PRASAD MALLIK     IND
6SUSANTA KUMAR JENA     IND
BINJHARPUR-48     BARI-49     BARCHANA-50     DHARMASALA-51     JAJPUR-52
KOREI-53     SUKINDA-54
S18-8-OR-JAJPUR     1AMIYA KANTA MALLIK     INC
2PARAMESWAR SETHI     BJP
3MOHAN JENA     BJD
4AJIT KUMAR JENA     SAMO
5BABULI MALLIK     OMM
6BHIMSEN BEHERA     JHKP
7UDAYA NATH JENA     IND
8KALANDI MALLIK     IND
DHENKANAL-55     HINDOL-56     KAMAKHYANAGAR-57     PARJANGA-58     PALLAHARA-59
TALCHER-60     ANGUL-61
S18-9-OR-DHENKANAL     1KRISHNA CHANDRA SAHOO     BSP
2CHANDRA SEKHAR TRIPATHY     INC
3TATHAGATA SATPATHY     BJD
4RUDRANARAYAN PANY     BJP
5PRIYABRATA GARNAIK     KS
BIRMAHARAJPUR-64     SONEPUR-65     LOISINGHA-66     PATNAGARH-67
BOLANGIR-68     TITLAGARH-69     KANTABANJI-70
S18-10-OR-BOLANGIR     1KALIKESH NARAYAN SINGH DEO     BJD
2NARASINGHA MISHRA     INC
3BALHAN SAGAR     BSP
4SANGITA KUMARI SINGH DEO     BJP
5DINGAR KUMBHAR     SAMO
NUAPADA-71     KHARIAR-72     LANJIGARH-77     JUNAGARH-78     DHARMGARH-79
BHAWANIPATNA-80     NARLA-81
S18-11-OR-KALAHANDI     1NAKULA MAJHI     BSP
2BIKRAM KESHARI DEO     BJP
3BHAKTA CHARAN DAS     INC
4SUBASH CHANDRA NAYAK     BJD
5PARAMESWAR KAND     SP
6BALARAM HOTA     CPI(ML)(L)
7DAMBARUDHARA SUNANI     IND
8MAHESWAR BHOI     IND
UMARKOTE-73     JHARIGAM-74     NABARANGPUR-75     DABUGAM-76     KOTPAD-142
MALKANGIRI-146     CHITRAKONDA-147
S18-12-OR-NABARANGPUR     1CHANDRADHWAJ MAJHI     BSP
2DOMBURU MAJHI     BJD
3PARSURAM MAJHI     BJP
4PRADEEP KUMAR MAJHI     INC
BALIGUDA-82     G. UDAYAGIRI-83     PHULBANI-84     KANTAMAL-85     BOUDH-86
DASPALLA-121     BHANJANAGAR-123
S18-13-OR-KANDHAMAL     1ASHOK SAHU     BJP
2PAULA BALIARSING     BSP
3RUDRAMADHAB RAY     BJD
4SUZIT KUMAR PADHI     INC
5NAKUL NAYAK     SP
6AJIT KUMAR NAYAK     IND
7KAMALA KANTA PANDEY     IND
8GHORABANA BEHERA     IND
9DEENABANDHU NAIK     IND
BARAMBA-87     BANKI-88     ATHAGARH-89     BARABATI-CUTTACK-90
CHOUDWAR-CUTTACK-91     CUTTACK SADAR-93     KHANDAPADA-120
S18-14-OR-CUTTACK     1ANADI SAHU     BJP
2GOPAL CHANDRA KAR     BSP
3BIBHUTI BHUSAN MISHRA     INC
4BHARTRUHARI MAHTAB     BJD
5KAPILA CHARAN MALL     BOP
6PRADIP ROUTRAY     KS
7DEBANANDA SINGH     IND
SALIPUR-94     MAHANGA-95     PATKURA-96     KENDRAPARA-97     AUL-98
RAJANAGAR-99     MAHAKALAPADA-100
S18-15-OR-KENDRAPARA     1JNANDEV BEURA     BJP
2RANJIB BISWAL     INC
3LENIN LENKA     BSP
4BAIJAYANT PANDA     BJD
5PRATAP CHANDRA JENA     SAMO
6PRAVAKAR NAYAK     KS
7RAMA KRUSHNA DASH     CPI(ML)(L)
8SARAT CHANDRA SWAIN     IND
NIALI-92     PARADEEP-101     TIRTOL-102     BALIKUDA-ERSAMA-103
JAGATSINGHPUR-104     KAKATPUR-105     NIMAPARA-106
S18-16-OR-JAGATSINGHPUR     1BAIDHAR MALLICK     BJP
2BIBHU PRASAD TARAI     CPI
3BIBHUTI BHUSAN MAJHI     BSP
4RABINDRA KUMAR SETHY     INC
5AKSHAYA KUMAR SETHI     SAMO
PURI-107     BRAMHAGIRI-108     SATYABADI-109     PIPILI-110     CHILIKA-118
RANPUR-119     NAYAGARH-122
S18-17-OR-PURI     1JITENDRA KUMAR SAHOO     BSP
2DEBENDRA NATH MANSINGH     INC
3PINAKI MISRA     BJD
4BRAJA KISHORE TRIPATHY     BJP
5KSHITISH BISWAL     CPI(ML)(L)
6SABYASACHI MOHAPATRA     KS
7PRABHAT KUMAR BADAPANDA     IND
JAYADEV-111     BHUBANESWAR CENTRAL (MADHYA)-112     BHUBANESWAR NORTH
(UTTAR)-113     EKAMRA-BHUBANESWAR-114     JATANI-115     BEGUNIA-116
KHURDA-117
S18-18-OR-BHUBANESWAR     1AKSHAYA KUMAR MOHANTY     BSP
2ARCHANA NAYAK     BJP
3PRASANNA KUMAR PATASANI     BJD
4SANTOSH MOHANTY     INC
5UMA CHARANA MISHRA     JHKP
6NABAGHAN PARIDA     BOP
7PRAFUL KUMAR SAHOO     RPI(A)
8BASANTA KUMAR BEHERA     KS
9BIJAYANANDA MISHRA     LJP
10JAGANNATH PRASAD LENKA     IND
11DHIRENDRA SATAPATHY     IND
12PRAMILA BEHERA     IND
13SASTHI PRASAD SETHI     IND
POLASARA-124     KABISURYANGAR-125     KHALIKOTE-126     ASKA-128     SURADA-129
SANAKHEMUNDI-130     HINJILI-131
S18-19-OR-ASKA     1NITYANANDA PRADHAN     BJD
2RAMACHANDRA RATH     INC
3SHANTI DEVI     BJP
4KRISHNA DALABEHERA     KS
5BIJAYA KUMAR MAHAPATRO     RSP
6SURJYA NARAYAN SAHU     SAMO
7KALICHARAN NAYAK     IND
8DEBASIS MISRA     IND
9K SHYAM BABU SUBUDHI     IND
CHHATRAPUR-127     GOPALPUR-132     BERHAMPUR-133     DIGAPAHANDI-134
CHIKITI-135     MOHANA-136     PARALAKHEMUNDI-137
S18-20-OR-BERHAMPUR     1CHANDRA SEKHAR SAHU     INC
2PABITRA GAMANGO     BSP
3BHARAT PAIK     BJP
4SIDHANT MAHAPATRA     BJD
5NIRAKAR BEHERA     KS
6ALI RAZA ZIADI     IND
7KISHORE CHANDRA MAHARANA     IND
8A RAGHUNATH VARMA     IND
9K SHYAM BABU SUBUDHI     IND
GUNUPUR-138     BISSAM CUTTACK-139     RAYAGADA-140     LAXMIPUR-141
JEYPORE-143     KORAPUT-144     POTTANGI-145
S18-21-OR-KORAPUT     1UPENDRA MAJHI     BJP
2GIRIDHAR GAMANG     INC
3JAYARAM PANGI     BJD
4PAPANNA MUTIKA     BSP
5KUMUDINI DISARI     SAMO
6MEGHANADA SABAR     CPI(ML)(L)
SUJANPUR-1     BHOA-2     GURDASPUR-4     DINA NAGAR-5     QADIAN-6     BATALA-7
FATEHGARH CHURIAN-9     DERA BABA NANAK-10
S19-1-PB-GURDASPUR     1SWARAN SINGH THAKUR     BSP
2PARTAP SINGH BAJWA     INC
3VINOD KHANNA     BJP
4SUKRIT SHARDA     SP
5GURPREET SINGH KHANNA     BGTD
6YOG RAJ SHARMA     SHS
7RAGHVIR KAUR     LJP
8KULDEEP CHAND SAINI     IND
9GURMEET SINGH     IND
10NARAIN SINGH     IND
11BALBIR SINGH     IND
12LAL CHAND     IND
13VIDYA BHUSHAN     IND
AJNALA-11     RAJA SANSI-12     MAJITHA-13     AMRITSAR NORTH-15     AMRITSAR
WEST-16     AMRITSAR CENTRAL-17     AMRITSAR EAST-18     AMRITSAR SOUTH-19
ATTARI-20
S19-2-PB-AMRITSAR     1OM PRAKASH SONI     INC
2BKN CHHIBER     BSP
3NAVJOT SINGH SIDHU     BJP
4ANIL SINGH     RSP
5DRSURINDER SINGH     DCP
6HARMEET SINGH     LJP
7MAJOR GS GILL     RRD
8JASWANT SINGH RANDHAWA     BGTD
9SHAM LAL     IND
10KANWALJIT SINGH MANAWALA     IND
11GOKAL CHAND     IND
12NARESH SINGH BHADAURIYA     IND
13BAL KRISHAN     IND
14LAVINDER KUMAR     IND
JANDIALA-14     TARN TARAN-21     KHEM KARAN-22     PATTI-23     KHADOOR
SAHIB-24     BABA BAKALA-25     KAPURTHALA-27     SULTANPUR LODHI-28     ZIRA-75
S19-3-PB-KHADOOR SAHIB     1SURINDER SINGH SHAHI     BSP
2DR RATTAN SINGH AJNALA     SAD
3RANA GURJEET SINGH     INC
4DARSHAN SINGH     AIDWC
5BALKAR SINGH     BGTD
6MOHINDER SINGH     LJP
7SUKHWANT SINGH     IND
8HARJIT SINGH     IND
9KANWAR PARTAP SINGH     IND
10GIAN KAUR     IND
11GURJIT SINGH     IND
12JASPAL SINGH     IND
13PRAGAT SINGH     IND
14RAJINDER SINGH     IND
15RAJINDER RIKHI     IND
TALWARA-3     PHILLAUR-30     NAKODAR-31     SHAHKOT-32     KARTARPUR-33
JALANDHAR WEST-34     JALANDHAR CENTRAL-35     JALANDHAR NORTH-36     JALANDHAR
CANTT.-37     ADAMPUR-38
S19-4-PB-JALANDHAR     1SURJIT SINGH     BSP
2HANS RAJ HANS     SAD
3MOHINDER SINGH KAYPEE     INC
4ASHOK KUMAR     BGTD
5JAGJIVAN RAM BHARTI     RPI
6NAV VIKAS     LJP
7RAJINDER SINGH     LTSD
8DR RAJINDER KUMAR     SP
9VIJAY HANS     DBSP
10SANJEEV KUMAR RAHELA     IND
11HARI MITTER     IND
12HANS RAJ PABWAN     IND
13MOHINDER SINGH     IND
14MOHINDER SINGH GILL     IND
15RAKESH KUMAR BHAGAT     IND
SRI HARGOBINDPUR-8     BHOLATH-26     PHAGWARA-29     MUKERIAN-39     DASUYA-40
URMAR-41     SHAM CHAURASI-42     HOSHIARPUR-43     CHABBEWAL-44
S19-5-PB-HOSHIARPUR     1SANTOSH CHOWDHARY     INC
2SUKHWINDER KUMAR     BSP
3SOM PARKASH     BJP
4PRINCIPAL MOHAN LAL KHOSLA     DBSP
5LAL CHAND BHATTI     BGTD
6VARINDER BHARTI     LJP
7SARWAN SINGH     IND
8HARMESH LAL SAROYA     IND
9JATHEDAR DALJIT SINGH SODHI     IND
10MAHINDER SINGH HAMIRA     IND
11MUKHTAR SINGH MUKHA KHUJALA     IND
12RITTA RAHELA     IND
GARHSHANKAR-45     BANGA-46     NAWAN SHAHR-47     BALACHAUR-48     ANANDPUR
SAHIB-49     RUPNAGAR-50     CHAMKAUR SAHIB-51     KHARAR-52     S.A.S.NAGAR-53
S19-6-PB-ANANDPUR SAHIB     1KEWAL KRISHAN     BSP
2DR DALJIT SINGH CHEEMA     SAD
3MAHAN SINGH     CPM
4RAVNEET SINGH     INC
5BACHAN LAL     LJP
6BALWINDER SINGH     SP
7MANJIT KAUR     DBSP
8MOHAN SINGH     ARWP
9VISHWANATH     SHS
10SAT PAL     IND
11SANSAR CHAND     IND
12JASPAL SINGH     IND
13DALJIT SINGH     IND
14RESHAM LAL KAHLON     IND
LUDHIANA EAST-60     LUDHIANA SOUTH-61     ATAM NAGAR-62     LUDHIANA
CENTRAL-63     LUDHIANA WEST-64     LUDHIANA NORTH-65     GILL-66     DAKHA-68
JAGRAON-70
S19-7-PB-LUDHIANA     1KEHAR SINGH     BSP
2GURCHARAN SINGH GALIB     SAD
3MANISH TEWARI     INC
4SANJEEV KUMAR ATWAL     DBSP
5SURINDER SINGH SODHI     LJP
6HARISH KUMAR     RWS
7GIRDHARI LAL     LBP
8GURINDER SINGH SOOD     JKNPP
9JASPAL SINGH     BGTD
10TULSI RAM MISRA     SP
11LADDU SHAH     LPSP
12AJAY TANDON     IND
13SURINDER PAL     IND
14SHAMBHU KUMAR SINGH     IND
15SHIV SUNDER     IND
16SEIKH MUKHTIAR     IND
17HARBANS SINGH SODHI     IND
18KUNAL     IND
19GURCHARAN SINGH     IND
20CHANDER DEV SINGH     IND
21JASVIR SINGH THETHI     IND
22TEHAL SINGH     IND
23DALJINDER SINGH     IND
24BALBIR SINGH     IND
25RAJESH KUMAR     IND
26RAJESH GANDHI     IND
27RAJESH PATEL     IND
28RAVINDER KUMAR SO SOHAN LAL     IND
29RAVINDER KUMAR SO MUNNA LAL     IND
30VIJAY KUMAR GOEL     IND
BASSI PATHANA-54     FATEHGARH SAHIB-55     AMLOH-56     KHANNA-57
SAMRALA-58     SAHNEWAL-59     PAYAL-67     RAIKOT-69     AMARGARH-106
S19-8-PB-FATEHGARH SAHIB     1SUKHDEV SINGH     INC
2CHARANJIT SINGH ATWAL     SAD
3RAI SINGH     BSP
4HIRA LAL     BVP
5KULWANT SINGH SANDHU     SAD(M)
6BP SINGH GILL     LBP
7BHUPINDER SINGH     RSP
8RAM SINGH     LJP
9SIKANDER SINGH     IND
10PREM SINGH     IND
11LACHHMAN SINGH     IND
NIHAL SINGHWALA-71     BHAGHA PURANA-72     MOGA-73     DHARAMKOT-74
GIDDERBAHA-84     FARIDKOT-87     KOTKAPURA-88     JAITU-89     RAMPURA PHUL-90
S19-9-PB-FARIDKOT     1SUKHWINDER SINGH DANNY     INC
2KAUSHALYA CHAMAN BHAURA     CPI
3PARAMJIT KAUR GULSHAN     SAD
4RESHAM SINGH     BSP
5GURMEET SINGH RANGHRETA     PLP
6JASVIR SINGH     MB(S)P
7PRITAM SINGH     RPI
8PREM SINGH     SP
9RAJ KAUR     AIDWC
10SUKHWINDER SINGH     IND
11SHARAN KAUR     IND
12GURPREET SINGH     IND
13NATHU RAM     IND
14NIRMAL SINGH     IND
15VEERPAL KAUR     IND
FIROZPUR CITY-76     FIROZPUR RURAL-77     GURU HAR SAHAI-78     JALALABAD-79
FAZILKA-80     ABOHAR-81     BALLUANA-82     MALOUT-85     MUKTSAR-86
S19-10-PB-FEROZPUR     1SHER SINGH GHUBAYA     SAD
2GURDEV SINGH     BSP
3JAGMEET SINGH BRAR     INC
4SAHAB SINGH     LJP
5JINDER PAL SINGH     AIDWC
6DHIAN SINGH MAND     SAD(M)
7PAPU SINGH     RVNP
8MATHRA DASS     PSS
9ATMA RAM     IND
10SATNAM SINGH     IND
11SARABJEET SINGH     IND
12SUBLAKSHMAN SHARMA     IND
13SHER SINGH     IND
14GURPAL SINGH     IND
15JAGDEEP SINGH     IND
16JAGMEET SINGH     IND
17DALIP KUMAR     IND
18PARAMJEET SINGH     IND
19PRITAM SINGH     IND
20BALJINDER SINGH     IND
21BALTEJ SINGH BRAR     IND
22BAU SINGH     IND
23MANOJ KUMAR     IND
24MUNSHA SINGH     IND
25RAJ KUMAR     IND
26RAJINDER KUMAR     IND
27RIMPAL MIDHA     IND
LAMBI-83     BHUCHO MANDI-91     BATHINDA URBAN-92     BATHINDA RURAL-93
TALWANDI SABO-94     MAUR-95     MANSA-96     SARDULGARH-97     BUDHLADA-98
S19-11-PB-BATHINDA     1HARSIMRAT KAUR BADAL     SAD
2HARDEV SINGH ARSHI     CPI
3NEM CHAND     BSP
4RANINDER SINGH     INC
5KIRANJIT SINGH GEHRI     LJP
6GEETA RANI     ABSR
7CHODHARI RAM CHAND     ABJP
8NAVNEET     SHS
9BHAGWANT SINGH SAMAON     CPI(ML)(L)
10RAJ KAMAL GHARU     RVNP
11LAKHWINDER SINGH     AIDWC
12SURESH KUMAR     IND
13HARDEV SINGH     IND
14KARAM SINGH     IND
15KEWAL SINGH     IND
16JAGROOP SINGH     IND
17DYAL CHAND     IND
18NIRMAL SINGH     IND
19PARVEEN HITESHI     IND
20RAJNISH KUMAR     IND
21RAVJINDER SINGH     IND
22RAJA SINGH     IND
LEHRA-99     DIRBA-100     SUNAM-101     BHADAUR-102     BARNALA-103     MEHAL
KALAN-104     MALERKOTLA-105     DHURI-107     SANGRUR-108
S19-12-PB-SANGRUR     1SUKHDEV SINGH DHINDSA     SAD
2MOHMAD JAMILURREHMAN     BSP
3VIJAY INDER SINGLA     INC
4AJMER SINGH KHUDI     LJP
5SIMRANJIT SINGH MANN     SAD(M)
6JASWANT SINGH CHHAPA     SP
7TARSEM JODHAN     CPI(ML)(L)
8BALWANT SINGH RAMUWALIA     LBP
9SUKHJINDER SINGH     IND
10SUKHDEV SINGH SO JEET SINGH     IND
11SUKHDEV SINGH SO BAGGA SINGH     IND
12JASWANT SINGH     IND
13JARNAIL SINGH     IND
14BALVIR RAM     IND
15BILLU SINGH     IND
16RATTAN LAL SINGLA     IND
NABHA-109     PATIALA RURAL-110     RAJPURA-111     DERA BASSI-112
GHANAUR-113     SANOUR-114     PATIALA-115     SAMANA-116     SHUTRANA-117
S19-13-PB-PATIALA     1DEEPAK JOSHI     BSP
2PRENEET KAUR     INC
3PREM SINGH CHANDUMAJRA     SAD
4AMRIK SINGH     RSP
5BARJESH BATTA     LJP
6ARUN SOOD     IND
7SATISH KUMAR     IND
8SANJIV KUMAR KAUSHAL     IND
9SURINDER KUMAR     IND
10SOHAN SINGH     IND
11HARWINDER SINGH     IND
12KARAMJIT SINGH     IND
13KULDIP SINGH GREWAL     IND
14BANT SINGH     IND
SADULSHAHAR-1     GANGANAGAR-2     KARANPUR-3     SURATGARH-4     RAISINGH
NAGAR-5     SANGARIA-7     HANUMANGARH-8     PILIBANGA-9
S20-1-RJ-GANGANAGAR     1NIHAL CHAND     BJP
2BHARAT RAM MEGHWAL     INC
3SHEOPAT RAM     CPM
4SITA RAM     BSP
5MUKESH KUMAR     SP
6HET RAM     RJVP
7OM PARKASH     IND
8JASWINDER SINGH     IND
9TITAR SINGH     IND
10BHURA RAM     IND
11RAJI RAM     IND
12SHILA DEVI     IND
13SINDU         IND
14SITA RAM MORYA     IND
15HANUMAN RAM     IND
ANUPGARH-6     KHAJUWALA-12     BIKANER WEST-13     BIKANER EAST-14
KOLAYAT-15     LUNKARANSAR-16     DUNGARGARH-17     NOKHA-18
S20-2-RJ-BIKANER     1ARJUN RAM MEGHWAL     BJP
2GOVIND RAM MEGHWAL     BSP
3PAWAN KUMAR DUGGAL     CPM
4REWAT RAM PANWAR     INC
5ADU RAM MEGHWAL     RJVP
6BABU LAL KHANDA     SP
7KUNDAN LAL VALMIKI     IND
8KHEM CHAND NIMBHAL     IND
9RATAN DEVI MEGHWAL     IND
10LAXHMAN SINGH     IND
NOHAR-10     BHADRA-11     SADULPUR-19     TARANAGAR-20     SARDARSHAHAR-21
CHURU-22     RATANGARH-23     SUJANGARH-24
S20-3-RJ-CHURU     1BUDH RAM SAINI     BSP
2RAFIQUE MANDELIA     INC
3RAM SINGH KASWAN     BJP
4JAGRUP SINGH     RJVP
5MANGI LAL     BHBP
6RADHE SHYAM     RMGLMP
7VIJENDRA SINGH     JKNPP
8SHAILENDRA AWASTHI     SP
9GOPI KRISHAN     IND
10CHANDAN MAL     IND
11JITENDER KUMAR     IND
12BHANWAR LAL     IND
13MOHAMMED SALIM     IND
14SHOKAT ALI     IND
15SALIM GUJAR     IND
PILANI-25     SURAJGARH-26     JHUNJHUNU-27     MANDAWA-28     NAWALGARH-29
UDAIPURWATI-30     KHETRI-31     FATEHPUR-32
S20-4-RJ-JHUNJHUNU     1KHATRI MUSTAQ     BSP
2DR DASRATH SINGH SHEKHAWAT     BJP
3SHEESH RAM OLA     INC
4NETRAM BUGALIA     RRD
5PHOOL CHAND DHEWA     CPI(ML)(L)
6RANVEER SINGH GUDHA     LJP
7RAVITA SHARMA     RBD
8DR GOPAL PRASAD SHARMA     IND
9NARAPAT SINGH RATHOR     IND
10RANDHIR SINGH MEGWAL     IND
11RAKESH SABAL     IND
12ROHITASHV KUMAR KALIA     IND
13SHER SINGH     IND
LACHHMANGARH-33     DHOD-34     SIKAR-35     DANTA RAMGARH-36     KHANDELA-37
NEEM KA THANA-38     SRIMADHOPUR-39     CHOMU-43
S20-5-RJ-SIKAR     1AMARA RAM     CPM
2BHARAT SINGH TANWAR     BSP
3MAHADEV SINGH     INC
4SUBHASH MAHARIA     BJP
5ACHARAYA DEVENDRA KUMAR PAURANIK     SP
6D P KUMAWAT     RJVP
7BHAGVAN SAHAY     LJP
8MAKHAN LAL SAINI     JGP
9SITA DEVI     BHBP
10HEM CHAND AGRAWAL     BCP
11AJAY PAL     IND
12JUGAL KISHOR MEGHAWAL     IND
13MAHABEER PARSAD     IND
14MAHESH KUMAR     IND
15RAMESH SHARMA     IND
16HANUMAN SAHAI     IND
KOTPUTLI-40     VIRATNAGAR-41     SHAHPURA-42     PHULERA-44     JHOTWARA-46
AMBER-47     JAMWA RAMGARH-48     BANSUR-63
S20-6-RJ-JAIPUR RURAL     1RAJESH SHARMA     BSP
2RAO RAJENDRA SINGH     BJP
3LAL CHAND KATARIA     INC
4KESHAV RAM SHARMA     BSSPA
5RAJENDRA JETHIWAL KUMAWAT     RJVP
6RAMNIWAS YADAV     JD(U)
7SRAVAN LAL YADAV     RBD
8KALU RAM     IND
9CHHITAR MAL     IND
10DHUNILAL DHUHARIA     IND
11BANWARI LAL MALI     IND
12MATADEEN DHANKA     IND
13DR MUKARRAM ALI     IND
14RADHEYSHYAM MEENA     IND
15RAM NIWAS YOGI     IND
16ROHITASH KULDEEP RAIGER     IND
17VRADHICHAND KUMAWAT     IND
18SHANKAR LAL BUNKAR     IND
19SITARAM BUNKAR     IND
20SUKHVEER SINGH JAUNAPURIA     IND
21SUBHASH CHANDRA SHARMA     IND
HAWA MAHAL-49     VIDHYADHAR NAGAR-50     CIVIL LINES-51     KISHAN POLE-52
ADARSH NAGAR-53     MALVIYA NAGAR-54     SANGANER-55     BAGRU-56
S20-7-RJ-JAIPUR     1GHANSHYAM TIWARI     BJP
2MAHESH JOSHI     INC
3VIJAY PESHWANI     BSP
4NIHAL CHAND     RJVP
5SHYAM LAL VIJAY     RBD
6HARGOVIND SINGH     JGP
7ABDUL RAJAK     IND
8DR AVINASH VISHNOI     IND
9IQBAL         IND
10KAILASH CHAND SAINI     IND
11KAILASH CHAND SAINI     IND
12PREM SAINI ALIAS PREMNATH     IND
13BHANWAR KANWAR RAJAWAT     IND
14BHASKAR DAAGAR     IND
15MANAV     IND
16MOHD RAFIQ     IND
17RAMESH CHANDRA     IND
18RAJ KUMAR     IND
19RAM LAL DHANKA     IND
20RIYAJUL HASAN     IND
21ROHITASH KULDEEP RAIGAR     IND
22VIJAYPAL SINGH SHYORAN VIVEK     IND
23SANJAY GOYAL     IND
24DR SAT DEV NATH CHADDA     IND
25SITA RAM BAIRWA     IND
TIJARA-59     KISHANGARH BAS-60     MUNDAWAR-61     BEHROR-62     ALWAR RURAL-65
ALWAR URBAN-66     RAMGARH-67     RAJGARH LAXMANGARH-68
S20-8-RJ-ALWAR     1DRKIRAN YADAV     BJP
2JITENDRA SINGH     INC
3JAGEDISH     BHBP
4DEVENDRA     JGP
5SNEHRA     SP
6VISWANATH SINGH KHINCHI     RJVP
7SHIV KUMAR     JKNPP
8KIRAN YADAV     IND
9GURDAYAL MANDIE     IND
10JASRAM     IND
11DP ALOK     IND
12DHOKAL RAM     IND
13BANWARI LAL SAINI     IND
14BABU LAL SAINI     IND
15MEGH SINGH     IND
16RAM LAL MEENA     IND
KATHUMAR-69     KAMAN-70     NAGAR-71     DEEG-KUMHER-72     BHARATPUR-73
NADBAI-74     WEIR-75     BAYANA-76
S20-9-RJ-BHARATPUR     1KHEMCHAND     BJP
2MUHAR SINGH     BSP
3RATAN SINGH     INC
4JASWANT KUMAR     KKJHS
5DURGA         RND
6DR PADAM SINGH     SP
7MAHAVEER     RJVP
8ANAND RAM     IND
9ASHARAM URF ASHA     IND
10NAGENDRA SINGH     IND
11PREM CHAND     IND
12MAMRAJ     IND
13MANGAL RAM     IND
14RAMAN LAL     IND
BASERI-77     BARI-78     DHOLPUR-79     RAJAKHERA-80     TODABHIM-81
HINDAUN-82     KARAULI-83     SAPOTRA-84
S20-10-RJ-KARAULI-DHOLPUR     1KHILADI LAL BAIRWA     INC
2DR MANOJ RAJORIA     BJP
3HATTIRAM     BSP
4RAMESH     SP
5SHREELAL KHARE     LJP
6OM PRAKASH     IND
7KANCHAN BAIBAIRWA     IND
8GANGARAM     IND
9JAGAN LAL     IND
10BANWARI     IND
11RAM VILAS     IND
12REKHA     IND
13LAKHAN SINGH     IND
14LALARAM     IND
15VIJAY         IND
16SHREE LAL BAIRWA     IND
BASSI-57     CHAKSU-58     THANAGAZI-64     BANDIKUI-85     MAHUWA-86     SIKRAI-87
DAUSA-88     LALSOT-89
S20-11-RJ-DAUSA     1RAM KISHORE MEENA     BJP
2LAXMAN     INC
3LOKESH     BSP
4GAJENDRA PAL SINGH     KKJHS
5DHARM SINGH     JGP
6BHARAT HOTLA     LJP
7MUKESH KUMAR     BSA
8RAM LAL     BHBP
9SHIVA RAM     RJVP
10QUMMER RUBBANI     IND
11KIRODI LAL     IND
12RAJENDRA SINGH     IND
13RAMESHWAR NIRVAN     IND
14LADU RAM     IND
GANGAPUR-90     BAMANWAS-91     SAWAI MADHOPUR-92     KHANDAR-93     MALPURA-94
NIWAI-95     TONK-96     DEOLI – UNIARA-97
S20-12-RJ-TONK-SAWAI MADHOPUR     1KIRORI SINGH BAINSLA     BJP
2NAMO NARAIN     INC
3SURENDERA VYAS     BSP
4OM PRAKASH     JKNPP
5KALURAM     RJVP
6KRISHAN PAL SINGH     SP
7BHAG CHAND JAIN     FCI
8SAYAR         RDSD
9IQBAL KHAN BHATI     IND
10CHETAN KUMAR RANA     IND
11JAGAN NATH MORLIYA     IND
12JAVED         IND
13PREM LATA BANSHIWAL     IND
14MEETHALAL JAIN     IND
15MUSHAHID ZUBERI     IND
16RAM CHANDRA     IND
17SIV SINGH     IND
DUDU-45     KISHANGARH-98     PUSHKAR-99     AJMER NORTH-100     AJMER SOUTH-101
NASIRABAD-102     MASUDA-104     KEKRI-105
S20-13-RJ-AJMER     1KIRAN MAHESHWARI     BJP
2ROHITASH     BSP
3SACHIN PILOT     INC
4INDER CHAND PALIWALA     JGP
5USHA KIRAN VERMA     IND
6NAFISUDDIN MIYA     IND
7MUKESH JAIN     IND
8SHANTILAL DHABRIA     IND
LADNUN-106     DEEDWANA-107     JAYAL-108     NAGAUR-109     KHINWSAR-110
MAKRANA-113     PARBATSAR-114     NAWAN-115
S20-14-RJ-NAGAUR     1ABDUL AZIZ     BSP
2DR JYOTI MIRDHA     INC
3BINDU CHAUDHARY     BJP
4DASHRATH SINGH     JGP
5RAMJAN SAHAB     LJP
6INDRARAM JAT     IND
7VINOD KUMAR PITTI     IND
8SUNIL         IND
SOJAT-117     PALI-118     MARWAR JUNCTION-119     BALI-120     SUMERPUR-121
OSIAN-125     BHOPALGARH-126     BILARA-131
S20-15-RJ-PALI     1PUSP JAIN     BJP
2BADRI RAM JAKHAR     INC
3SHAMBHU SINGH KHETASAR     BSP
4GANPAT SINGH RAJPUROHIT     JGP
5MISHRI LAL NAYAK     ABHM
6INDRA SINGH RAJPUROHIT     IND
7KANHAIYA LAL PAREEK     IND
8TANMAY     IND
9PREM MEHRA     IND
10BHAGA RAM PRAJAPAT     IND
11MAHENDRA SINGH     IND
12MOOLA RAM MALI     IND
13SURENDRA SINGH     IND
14HARI LAL KALAL     IND
PHALODI-122     LOHAWAT-123     SHERGARH-124     SARDARPURA-127     JODHPUR-128
SOORSAGAR-129     LUNI-130     POKARAN-133
S20-16-RJ-JODHPUR     1CHANDRESH KUMARI     INC
2JASWANT SINGH BISNOI     BJP
3RAJU RAM     BSP
4GURDAN SINGH     JKNPP
5ASLAM         IND
6CHANDRAKANTA     IND
7CHAMPALAL     IND
8DR DINESH KUMAR SHARMA     IND
9DILIP SINGH RAJPUROHIT     IND
10DIDAR         IND
11DEVA RAM     IND
12MEHMOODA BEGUM ABBASI     IND
13MOHAMMAD ARIF     IND
14VIJAY KUMAR     IND
JAISALMER-132     SHEO-134     BARMER-135     BAYTOO-136     PACHPADRA-137
SIWANA-138     GUDHAMALANI-139     CHOHTAN-140
S20-17-RJ-BARMER     1MAHENDRA VYAS     BSP
2MANVENDRA SINGH     BJP
3HARISH CHOUDHARY     INC
4POPAT RAM     IND
5MANA RAM SARAN     IND
6RANA MAL     IND
7LAXMAN SINGH     IND
AHORE-141     JALORE-142     BHINMAL-143     SANCHORE-144     RANIWARA-145
SIROHI-146     PINDWARA ABU-147     REODAR-148
S20-18-RJ-JALORE     1DEVJI PATEL     BJP
2MAGARAM     BSP
3SANDHYA CHOUDHARY     INC
4GANGA SINGH     SP
5CHAGANLAL     IJP
6DINESH KANTEEWAL     LJP
7NANDA DEVI     RJVP
8GOPAL RAM     IND
9CHAGANLAL MALI     IND
10CHAGANLAL MEGHWAL     IND
11POKARA RAM     IND
12PRABHU SINGH     IND
13BAGDARAM     IND
14BUTA SINGH     IND
15BHANWAR LAL WAGELA     IND
16MUKESH SUNDESHA     IND
17MEGWAL SAKAJI     IND
18RAMDEO ACHARYA     IND
19VIKRANT SAXENA     IND
20SHANTI PARMAR     IND
21SUKHRAJ     IND
22HAJARIMAL     IND
GOGUNDA-149     JHADOL-150     KHERWARA-151     UDAIPUR RURAL-152
UDAIPUR-153     SALUMBER-156     DHARIAWAD-157     ASPUR-159
S20-19-RJ-UDAIPUR     1BAXI RAM LATTA MEENA     BSP
2MAHAVEER BHAGORA     BJP
3MEGHRAJ TAWAR     CPI
4RAGHUVIR SINGH MEENA     INC
5OM PRAKASH MEENA     ABCD(A)
6GOTAM LAL MEENA     CPI(ML)(L)
7LAL JI BHAI MEENA     JGP
8SHAKUNTALA DHANKA     SP
DUNGARPUR-158     SAGWARA-160     CHORASI-161     GHATOL-162     GARHI-163
BANSWARA-164     BAGIDORA-165     KUSHALGARH-166
S20-20-RJ-BANSWARA     1TARACHAND BHAGORA     INC
2DURGA DEVI BHAGORA     BSP
3HAKARU MAIDA     BJP
4PRABHULAL RAWAT     JD(U)
5BANNU         BHBP
6BHANJI BHAI     SP
7PROF MOHANLAL DAMOR     LSWP
MAVLI-154     VALLABH NAGAR-155     KAPASAN-167     BEGUN-168
CHITTORGARH-169     NIMBAHERA-170     BARI SADRI-171     PRATAPGARH-172
S20-21-RJ-CHITTORGARH     1DRGIRIJA VYAS     INC
2RADHA DEVI BHANDARI     CPI
3SHRICHAND KRIPLANI     BJP
4AB SINGH     BSP
5KARU LAL MEENA     CPI(ML)(L)
6KRISHNA SINGH KACHHER     JGP
7BHAWNA RAMKUMAR CHAWLA     ABCD(A)
8GUNWANT LAL SHARMA     IND
9JASWANT SINGH     IND
10RAM CHANDRA JOSHI     IND
11LAXMAN LAL JAT     IND
12LAHARU     IND
13SHIVANGI SHASTRI     IND
14SANTOSH JOSHI     IND
15SITARAM GUJAR     IND
BEAWAR-103     MERTA-111     DEGANA-112     JAITARAN-116     BHIM-173
KUMBHALGARH-174     RAJSAMAND-175     NATHDWARA-176
S20-22-RJ-RAJSAMAND     1GOPAL SINGH     INC
2NEERU RAM     BSP
3RASA SINGH RAWAT     BJP
4DEVA RAM     IJP
5MAHENDRA SINGH     LJP
6RAMESH SOLANKI     ABCD(A)
7DR GANPAT BANSAL     IND
8GIRDHARI SINGH     IND
9PRITHVI SINGH ALIAS PRITHVI RAJ SINGH     IND
10BHANWAR LAL MALI     IND
11MANGI LAL RAWAL     IND
12SUKH LAL GURJAR     IND
13SURYA BHAVANI SINGH CHAWRA     IND
ASIND-177     MANDAL-178     SAHARA-179     BHILWARA-180     SHAHPURA-181
JAHAZPUR-182     MANDALGARH-183     HINDOLI-184
S20-23-RJ-BHILWARA     1DR C P JOSHI     INC
2VIJAYENDRA PAL SINGH     BJP
3HARISH GURJAR     BSP
4RAMESHAWER LAL     BHBP
5LAXMI NARAYAN PARMAR     ABCD(A)
6VINEET KUMAR MAHESHWARI     JGP
7OMPRAKASH MEENA     IND
8RATANLAL DHOBI     IND
9RAMPAL SONI     IND
10RAM PRASAD SIROTHA     IND
KESHORAIPATAN-185     BUNDI-186     PIPALDA-187     SANGOD-188     KOTA
NORTH-189     KOTA SOUTH-190     LADPURA-191     RAMGANJ MANDI-192
S20-24-RJ-KOTA     1IJYARAJ SINGH     INC
2GOVIND SINGH PARMAR     BSP
3SHYAM SHARMA     BJP
4PRIYANK     JGP
5FARHEEN KHAN     SP
6BABU LAL MEGHWAL     BHBP
7RAMHET     IJP
8SAMUDRA SINGH HADA     ABMSKP
9JAMUNA PRASAD     IND
10BADAM BERWA     IND
11RAM KRISHAN SHARMA     IND
12RAMESHWAR MAMORE MEENA     IND
13SHYAM SUNDER SHARMA     IND
14DR K SHRINGI     IND
ANTA-193     KISHANGANJ-194     BARAN-ATRU-195     CHHABRA-196     DAG-197
JHALRAPATAN-198     KHANPUR-199     MANOHAR THANA-200
S20-25-RJ-JHALAWAR-BARAN     1ABDUL QAYYUM SIDDIQUI     BSP
2URMILA JAIN BHAYA     INC
3DUSHYANT SINGH     BJP
4GHASI LAL MEGHWAL     BHBP
5ABDUL FARID     IND
6JAGDISH     IND
7JHAPAT MAL     IND
8TARACHAND     IND
9DUSHYANT KUMAR     IND
10FAZAR MOHAMMAD     IND
11MOHAMMAD RAFIQ     IND
12LAXMAN KUMAR     IND
13SHOBHA DEVI     IND
14SULEMAN     IND
YOKSAM-TASHIDING-1     YANGTHANG-2     MANEYBUNG-DENTAM-3
GYALSHING-BARNYAK-4     RINCHENPONG-5     DARAMDIN-6     SOREONG-CHAKUNG-7
SALGHARI-ZOOM-8     BARFUNG-9     POKLOK-KAMRANG-10
S21-1-SK-SIKKIM     1KHARANANDA UPRETI     INC
2PADAM BDR CHETTRI     BJP
3PREM DAS RAI     SDF
4BHIM SUBBA     SJEP
5NAR BAHADUR KHATIWADA     SGPP
6TARA KR PRADHAN     SHRP
7ATRI RAM CHANDRA POUDYAL     IND
GUMMIDIPOONDI-1     PONNERI-2     THIRUVALLUR-4     POONAMALLEE-5     AVADI-6
MADAVARAM-9
S22-1-TN-THIRUVALLUR     1ANANDANP     BSP
2GAYATHRIS     DMK
3VENUGOPALP     ADMK
4SUDHARSANMS     JD(U)
5SURESHR     DMDK
6ELANGO INBARAJV     IND
7ETHIRAJA     IND
8SAMPATHA     IND
9SELVARAJA     IND
10NAGALINGAMKM     IND
11PANDURANGANV     IND
12RAJANK     IND
13VENUGOPALP     IND
14JEEVARATHINAMM     IND
TIRUVOTTIYUR-10     DR.RADHAKRISHNAN NAGAR-11     PERAMBUR-12     KOLATHUR-13
THIRU -VI -KA -NAGAR-15     ROYAPURAM-17
S22-2-TN-CHENNAI NORTH     1ELANGOVAN TKS     DMK
2SANTHASHRINI JOR     BSP
3TAMILISAISOUNDARARAJAN     BJP
4PANDIAN D     CPI
5ANANDHUK     LJP
6SATHISH KUMAR KP     MMKA
7PALANIMOSES N     PKMK
8MOHAMMED ABDULLAH     RPI(A)
9YUVARAJ V     DMDK
10ARUMUGAM K     IND
11ANANDARAJG     IND
12KADHIRAVAN M     IND
13GIRIRAJD     IND
14SANKARK     IND
15SATHISHC     IND
16SATHISH TP     IND
17SARAVANANM     IND
18SIVAKUMARV     IND
19THEYAGARAJANV     IND
20DEEPA     IND
21NIRMAL KUMARA     IND
22BHASKARANV ALIAS AAVIN VBHASKARAN     IND
23MARIMUTHUP     IND
24RAMESHD     IND
25RAJARAMR     IND
26RUDRAMOORTHYM     IND
27VINOBHAGANDHICH     IND
28ZEENATH UNNISSA BEGUMMB     IND
29JAYACHANDRANK     IND
VIRUGAMPAKKAM-22     SAIDAPET-23     THIYAGARAYANAGAR-24     MYLAPORE-25
VELACHERY-26     SHOLINGANALLUR-27
S22-3-TN-CHENNAI SOUTH     1RAJENDRAN C     ADMK
2GANESAN LA     BJP
3BHARATHY RS     DMK
4GOPINATH V     DMDK
5SATHIYASEELAN M     LJP
6MOHANRAJ J     JJ
7RAVINDRA DASS R     KDC
8RAJAMANITHAR SJ     PKMK
9VENKATARAMAN NS     DPK
10JAYARAMAN S     SHS
11JYOTHI GM     PPOI
12ASWATHAMAN K     IND
13IRUDAYADASS A     IND
14ELANGOVAN K     IND
15KARTHIKEYAN G     IND
16GIRIRAJAN M     IND
17CHRISTHUDASS N     IND
18KUMAR VA     IND
19CHANDRA SEKARAN R     IND
20CHANDRAN K     IND
21SHANMUGA SUNDARAM PT     IND
22SHANMUGARAJ V     IND
23SAMPATH KUMAR S     IND
24SARATH BABU E     IND
25ZIAUDDEN N     IND
26SRINIVASAN VR     IND
27SUNDAR J     IND
28SURESH KUMAR M     IND
29TANMAY     IND
30TAMIL SELVAN M     IND
31DEVADOSS KUPPAL G     IND
32PALANI SP     IND
33BALA KRISHNAN M     IND
34BALASUBRAMANIAN V     IND
35BALAN B     IND
36MAHALINGAM JS     IND
37MATHIKKARASU P     IND
38MANIVANNAN C     IND
39RAMASWAMY  TRAFFIC RAMASWAMY     IND
40RAJA LD     IND
41RAJENDRAN V     IND
42VEERAMANI S     IND
43VENKATESAN D     IND
VILLIVAKKAM-14     EGMORE-16     HARBOUR-18     CHEPAUK-THIRUVALLIKENI-19
THOUSAND LIGHTS-20     ANNA NAGAR-21
S22-4-TN-CHENNAI CENTRAL     1DAYANIDHI MARAN     DMK
2MOGAMED ALI JINNAH SMK     ADMK
3YUNIS KHANAY     BSP
4GANGADURAIG     JJ
5THOMASTJACOB     YSP
6NAHAMANIJ     JMM
7RANGGANATHANV     ABKMM
8RAMANA REDDYKV     KDC
9RAMAKARISHNANVV     DMDK
10RAAJ RAMCHAND     SHS
11VASUS     SP
12VIJAYAKUMAR     PPOI
13VISWANATHANE     MMKA
14HYDER ALIS     MAMAK
15ARASAKUMARMS     IND
16ARIVUDAINAMBIN     IND
17ANEES HUSSAINH     IND
18RAVIKUMART     IND
19UDAYAKUMAR     IND
20GIRIJA SHANKERR     IND
21KRISHNANPR     IND
22GUNASEKARANM     IND
23SIVAKUMARS     IND
24SENTHILP     IND
25TEACKRAJD     IND
26DHAMODHARANT     IND
27PARIMALAMV     IND
28PRABUV     IND
29MANIG     IND
30MARIMUTHUE     IND
31MOHAMED ALI     IND
32MOHAMED ALI ZINNAA     IND
33MOHANK     IND
34RAJAKUMARS     IND
35LOGANATHANV     IND
36WILSON PAULS     IND
37SRIDHARS     IND
MADURAVOYAL-7     AMBATTUR-8     ALANDUR-28     SRIPERUMBUDUR-29
PALLAVARAM-30     TAMBARAM-31
S22-5-TN-SRIPERUMBUDUR     1BAALU T R     DMK
2MOORTHY A K     PMK
3RAJAPPA B     BSP
4ARUN SUBRAMANIAN M     DMDK
5SWARNASREE P     PPOI
6THAYUMANA GURU AYYANAR     AIVP
7BHARATHI K     CPIMLL
8MAYA RAMACHANDRAN     THPI
9VARATHARAJAN T     SHS
10VIJAYAKUMAR S     LJP
11JAMES SELVAM C     AIJMK
12AYODHI L     IND
13EZHILARASU M     IND
14KALAISELVAN T     IND
15KARIKALAN C     IND
16KATTU RAJA N     IND
17KARTHIKEYAN T     IND
18KUMAR S     IND
19SHANMUGAM G     IND
20CHANDRU K     IND
21SAMPATH T     IND
22DHARMASATHYAMURTHY V     IND
23DURAIRAJ L     IND
24NAGARAJAN P     IND
25PADMANABHAN S     IND
26BALU D     IND
27MANIMARAN S     IND
28MADHAVARAJ K V     IND
29MINNAL SRINIVASAN     IND
30LAKSHMI S     IND
31VELMURUGAN T N     IND
32RAMESH R     IND
CHENGALPATTU-32     THIRUPORUR-33     CHEYYUR-34     MADURANTAKAM-35
UTHIRAMERUR-36     KANCHEEPURAM-37
S22-6-TN-KANCHEEPURAM     1RAMAKRISHNANDRE     ADMK
2UTHRAPATHIK     BSP
3VISWANATHANP     INC
4SIVASANKARANA     AIJMK
5TAMILVENDANT     DMDK
6PAKKIRI AMBADKARKV     JMM
7JAWAHARLAL NEHRUP     LJP
8ANBURAAJRK     IND
9SATHIYAVASAN MV     IND
10SIVALINGAMD     IND
11SELVAMG     IND
12DAHKSHNA MOORTHYT     IND
13THIYAGARAJANM     IND
14MAGESH KUMARE     IND
15MANIMARANK     IND
16MATHIYALAGANK     IND
17MINNAL SRINIVASAN MAMPHIL     IND
18MURUGASANB     IND
19RUPADEVI RV     IND
20JAYAKUMARPS     IND
TIRUTTANI-3     ARAKKONAM-38     SHOLINGUR-39     KATPADI-40     RANIPET-41
ARCOT-42
S22-7-TN-ARAKKONAM     1MARY JOHN     BSP
2VELU R         PMK
3JAGATHRAKSHAKAN     DMK
4ANNAMALAI S C     AIVP
5ISAAC JEBA KUMAR     AIJMK
6SANKAR S     DMDK
7SHANMUGAM K     JD(U)
8SRINIVASAN K     LJP
9PALANI W B     PNK
10PASSAMIGHU ANNAN VENKATESNOR TA V     ADSMK
11MANAVAULAN K     SP
12SUTHA N     IND
13THULASI G     IND
14PANJATSARAM D     IND
15PANDIAN E     IND
16MUTHIYALU M     IND
17MATHEW N D     IND
18JANAKIRAMAN J     IND
19JAGADEESWARAN J     IND
20JEGAN S     IND
VELLORE-43     ANAIKATTU-44     KILVAITHINANKUPPAM-45     GUDIYATTAM-46
VANIYAMBADI-47     AMBUR-48
S22-8-TN-VELLORE     1ABDULRAHMAN     DMK
2RAJENDIRAN A K     BJP
3MANSOOR AHMED     BSP
4VASU L K M B     ADMK
5RAJAN BABU B     MMKA
6EKAMBARAM E A     NMK
7GOVINDARAJI P V     SP
8SHOUKATH SHERIF     DMDK
9THAGIR AHAMED     LJP
10NARAYANAN R     AIVP
11MUNIYAPPAN K     ADSMK
12ABDUL MAJEED OOSI     IND
13ARIUDAI NAMBI D     IND
14ESWARAN R     IND
15KUBENDIRAN D     IND
16GOPALAKRISHNAN C     IND
17CHANDRAN C     IND
18SURESHKUMAR P     IND
19DANDAPANI T     IND
20NATRAJAN P     IND
21PALANI R T     IND
22PERUMAL D     IND
23RAMAN     IND
24VIJAYAKUMAR     IND
UTHANGARAI-51     BARGUR-52     KRISHNAGIRI-53     VEPPANAHALLI-54     HOSUR-55
THALLI-56
S22-9-TN-KRISHNAGIRI     1SUGAVANAM EG     DMK
2NANJEGOWDU K     ADMK
3BALAKRISHNAN G     BJP
4MOORTHY VV     BSP
5ANBARASAN D     DMDK
6SAKTHIVEL B     LJP
7SELVARAJ M     KNMK
8KUMARESAN M     IND
9GAVURAPPA K     IND
10GOVINDARAJAN V     IND
11SANKAR S     IND
12CHANDRAN BS     IND
13MEENA     IND
14RAMASWAMY     IND
15LATHA G     IND
16VENKATESAN K     IND
PALACODU-57     PENNAGARAM-58     DHARMAPURI-59     PAPPIREDDIPPATTI-60
HARUR-61     METTUR-85
S22-10-TN-DHARMAPURI     1SENTHIL R DR     PMK
2THAMARAISELVAN R     DMK
3PURUSOTHAMAN V     BSP
4ASHOKAN G     KNMK
5ANNADURAI K     UMK
6ELANGOVAN V     DMDK
7GUNASEKARAN D     MMKA
8ARIVAZHAGAN P     IND
9ANANDKUMAR K     IND
10KARUPPUSAMY S     IND
11GOVINDARAJ S     IND
12SAMPATHKUMAR R     IND
13SARAVANAN S     IND
14SIVAN K     IND
15PADMARAJAN K DR     IND
16MANI R     IND
17MURUGAN G     IND
18RADHAKRISHNAN R     IND
19RAJA A     IND
20VELMURUGAN P     IND
21SRIRAMACHANDRAN     IND
JOLARPET-49     TIRUPPATTUR-50     CHENGAM-62     TIRUVANNAMALAI-63
KILPENNATHUR-64     KALASAPAKKAM-65
S22-11-TN-TIRUVANNAMALAI     1GURU A GURUNATHAN J     PMK
2GOVINDASAMY P     BSP
3VENUGOPALD     DMK
4AFROZ HUSNA KS     LJP
5SELVARAJP     SP
6MANIKANDANS     DMDK
7RAJARAM SA     PNK
8ARUMUGAM AA     IND
9RAVI R         IND
10ERSHAD B     IND
11KUMAR MM     IND
12GURU C     IND
13GURUSAMY P     IND
14GURU A GURUMOORTHY S     IND
15SHANMUGARAJAN A     IND
16SHANMUGAVEL M     IND
17SAMPATH A     IND
18SINGARAVELAN P     IND
19SIVADEVAN N     IND
20SENTHIL M     IND
21SELVAM A     IND
22SELVARAJU J     IND
23DHAYANITHI S     IND
24NAGAMALAI R     IND
25BALASUNDAR S     IND
26MANIKANDAN P     IND
27MURUGAN S     IND
28RAVINDIRAN A     IND
29VENUGOPAL SR     IND
30HARI KRISHNAN S     IND
POLUR-66     ARANI-67     CHEYYAR-68     VANDAVASI-69     GINGEE-70     MAILAM-71
S22-12-TN-ARANI     1KRISHNASAMY M     INC
2SHANKAR A     BSP
3SUBRAMANIYAN N     ADMK
4ARIRAJ TV     SP
5SARAVANAKUMAR K     PNK
6MOHANAM RA     DMDK
7SHANMUGAM S     IND
8SUBRAMANI G     IND
9SUBRAMANI P     IND
10DURAI RAJ M     IND
11MURUGAN V     IND
12LOKESH G     IND
13VELAUDHAM M     IND
TINDIVANAM-72     VANUR-73     VILUPPURAM-74     VIKRAVANDI-75
THIRUKOILUR-76     ULUNDURPETTAI-77
S22-13-TN-VILUPPURAM     1ANANDAN M     ADMK
2POYYATHU S     BSP
3GANAPATHI P M     DMDK
4SWAMIDURAI K     VCK
5DEVARAJ G     LJP
6PANCHANATHAN R     JMM
7VENKATESAN S S     AIVP
8VENKATESAN M     CPI(ML)(L)
9ANBALAGAN V     IND
10ANANDAN P     IND
11KUMAR M     IND
12CHANDRALEGA M     IND
13SAMIDURAI M     IND
14SHETT M     IND
15MASILAMANI R     IND
16MURUGAVEL A     IND
17RAMESH K     IND
18LAKSHMANAN R     IND
19VISWANATHAN S A     IND
RISHIVANDIYAM-78     SANKARAPURAM-79     KALLAKURICHI-80     GANGAVALLI-81
ATTUR-82     YERCAUD-83
S22-14-TN-KALLAKURICHI     1SANKAR ADHI     DMK
2SENTHILKUMAR K     BSP
3DHANARAJU K     PMK
4ANANDHADASS C     LJP
5KESAVAN ANNA     JMM
6GOVINDARAJAN K M     AIVP
7SUDHISH L K     DMDK
8RAMESH S     KNMK
9ARUN KENNEDI A     IND
10INIYADAYALAN G     IND
11GANESAN K     IND
12SADEESH A     IND
13SATHISH BABU S     IND
14SIVARAMAN G     IND
15SELVAM K     IND
16SELVARAJU J     IND
17DHANARAJ T     IND
18DINESH M     IND
19NALLATHAMBI C     IND
20NAVARATTHINAM A     IND
21MANNAN M P     IND
22MANICKAM V     IND
23YUVARAJ R     IND
24RAMAJAYAM P M     IND
25RAJAMANICKAM K     IND
26RAJENTHREN D     IND
27RAJENTHREN M     IND
28VASU V     IND
29VIJAYA RAJENDHAR T     IND
OMALUR-84     EDAPPADI-86     SALEM (WEST)-88     SALEM (NORTH)-89     SALEM
(SOUTH)-90     VEERAPANDI-91
S22-15-TN-SALEM     1SEMMALAI S     ADMK
2THANGKABALU K V     INC
3BALASUBRAMANI R     BSP
4ASHOK SAMRAJ M     KNMK
5ANNADURAI M     AIVP
6ALAGAAPURAM R MOHANRAJ     DMDK
7ANDHRAPRAKASH A     PPOI
8GANESH MASS     AITC
9KRISHNAN M     IND
10GOVANAM THANGAVEL K S     IND
11KOWSALYA C     IND
12CHANDRASEKARAN G     IND
13CHINNAN N     IND
14SELLADURAI C     IND
15DHAMODHARAN N B     IND
16NANDAGOPAL K     IND
17NALLATHAMBI PO     IND
18PERIYASAMY T     IND
19MAHESWARAN V     IND
20MUTHUSAMY P     IND
21MUNIYAPPAN A     IND
22JAYAVENUGOPAL C D     IND
23SHAHJAHAN M A     IND
SANKARI-87     RASIPURAM-92     SENTHAMANGALAM-93     NAMAKKAL-94
PARAMATHI-VELUR-95     TIRUCHENGODU-96
S22-16-TN-NAMAKKAL     1GANDHISELVANS     DMK
2SURESH GANDHIK     BJP
3VAIRAM TAMILARASIV     ADMK
4HARIGARA SIVAMTA     BSP
5SELVARAJK     SP
6DEVARASANR     KNMK
7MAHESWARANN     DMDK
8LINGAPPANV     UMK
9KARTHIKEYANP     IND
10KUMAR     IND
11SUBRAMANIS     IND
12SUBRAMANIAMRP     IND
13SENGODANP     IND
14THANGAVELS     IND
15THARMALINGAMM     IND
16THANIYARASUU     IND
17NAVALMANIAN     IND
18PANNEERSELVAMS     IND
19MATHIYALAGANN     IND
20MURALIV     IND
21YOGARAJR     IND
22RAVIA         IND
23RAVIR         IND
24RAMASAMYN     IND
25VIVEKANANDHAMKS     IND
KUMARAPALAYAM-97     ERODE (EAST)-98     ERODE (WEST)-99     MODAKURICHI-100
DHARAPURAM-101     KANGAYAM-102
S22-17-TN-ERODE     1ELANGOVANEVKS     INC
2GANESHAMURTHIA     MDMK
3SHIVAKUMARI     BSP
4PALANISAMYNP     BJP
5DEVIM         LJP
6BALASUBRAMANIAMC     KNMK
7MUTHUVENKATESHWARANKG     DMDK
8RAVICHANDRANM     IND
9ELANGOVANKKS     IND
10KATHIRVELA     IND
11CHRISTHURAJM     IND
12KUPPUSAMYR     IND
13GOVANAM THANGAVELKS     IND
14GOVINDHASAMYP     IND
15SANMUGASUNDRAMN     IND
16SHANMUGAMPN     IND
17SIVASANKARS     IND
18SUKUMARANER     IND
19SUBRAMANIAMK     IND
20SENTHIL RAJAM     IND
21PERUMALS     IND
22MANOHARANV     IND
23MINNAL MURUGESHR     IND
24VIMALADEVIS     IND
25JOE DAVIDD     IND
PERUNDURAI-103     BHAVANI-104     ANTHIYUR-105     GOBICHETTIPALAYAM-106
TIRUPPUR (NORTH)-113     TIRUPPUR (SOUTH)-114
S22-18-TN-TIRUPPUR     1KHARVENTHAN S K     INC
2SIVAKUMAR M     BJP
3SIVASAMI C     ADMK
4SIVAKUMAR N     UMK
5THANGAVEL M     LJP
6DINESH KUMAR N     DMDK
7BALASUBRAMANIAN K     KNMK
8GANESHKUMAR C     IND
9KARUNAGARAN I     IND
10KARTHIKKEYEAN A M     IND
11SELVARAJ S     IND
12DOMNIC BABU A     IND
13PANDIAN R ALAIS KALAIMAGAL PANDIAN     IND
14BALASUBRAMANIAN P     IND
15MALARVIZHI P     IND
16MOHAMED SALIKA A     IND
17MUTHUSWAMY N     IND
18RATHINASWAAMY K     IND
19RAJAKUMAR W     IND
20VENKATACHALAM K     IND
21SHEIK DAVOOD A M     IND
BHAVANISAGAR-107     UDHAGAMANDALAM-108     GUDALUR-109     COONOOR-110
METTUPPALAYAM-111     AVANASHI-112
S22-19-TN-NILGIRIS     1RAJA A         DMK
2KRISHNAN C     MDMK
3KRISHNAN M     BSP
4GURUMURTHY S     BJP
5SELVARAJ S     DMDK
6BHADIRAN S     KNMK
7VIJAYARAJ M     RPI(A)
8ARUMUGAM P     IND
9SIVARAJ P     IND
10SUJITH KUMAR C     IND
11SELVAM K     IND
12THANGA PANDIAN R     IND
13NAGARAJU G     IND
14VELMURUGAN C     IND
PALLADAM-115     SULUR-116     KAVUNDAMPALAYAM-117     COIMBATORE (NORTH)-118
COIMBATORE (SOUTH)-120     SINGANALLUR-121
S22-20-TN-COIMBATORE     1RAMASUBRAMANIANK     BSP
2SELVAKUMARGKS     BJP
3NATARAJANPR     CPM
4PRABHUR     INC
5ESWARAN E R     KNMK
6KATHIRMANI P     SP
7SELVAM M     SHS
8PANDIAN R     DMDK
9RAJAN S K     PPOI
10STEPHEN GANESHAN S     AIJMK
11ARUNACHALAM K V     IND
12ESWARAN     IND
13KATHIRESAN C     IND
14SIVARAJ V     IND
15NATARAJAN L     IND
16NOORMUHAMAD A     IND
17PREM ANAND J     IND
18MARKANDAN N     IND
19MURUGAN M     IND
20MURUGESAN K     IND
21RAMASAMY P     IND
22RAJAPPAN N     IND
23RAJKIRAN     IND
24VIJAYAKUMAR C     IND
25VENKATACHALAM A     IND
THONDAMUTHUR-119     KINATHUKADAVU-122     POLLACHI-123     VALPARAI-124
UDUMALAIPETTAI-125     MADATHUKULAM-126
S22-21-TN-POLLACHI     1SHANMUGASUNDARAMK     DMK
2SUGUMARK     ADMK
3BABA RAMESHVS     BJP
4MURTHYT     BSP
5UMMARE     MAMAK
6KRISHNAKUMARS     TDK
7SURESHP     SP
8THANGAVELKP     DMDK
9RAMEJA BAGAMST     SAP
10BEST SRAMASAMY     KNMK
11VELMURUGANV     AIVP
12APPASKS     IND
13SHANMUGASUNDARAMK     IND
14SHANMUGASUNDARAMP     IND
15SATHASIVAMOORTHYR     IND
16SUKUMARP     IND
17NOOR MUHAMADA     IND
18RAMASAMYM     IND
19RAMAMOORTHYPM     IND
20RAJANP     IND
21RAJENDRANM     IND
22VENKATESHR     IND
PALANI-127     ODDANCHATRAM-128     ATHOOR-129     NILAKKOTTAI-130
NATHAM-131     DINDIGUL-132
S22-22-TN-DINDIGUL     1CHITTHAN N S V     INC
2SRINIVASA BABU M     BSP
3BAALASUBRAMANI P     ADMK
4SELLAMUTHU K M     KNMK
5SELVARAJ I     AIJMK
6DAISY RANI S     RKSP
7MUTHUVELRAJ P     DMDK
8LOGANATHAN V     SP
9KARUPPUSAMY P     IND
10SADHASIVAM N     IND
11SUBRAMANIAN R     IND
12THANGAPANDIAN R     IND
13DHANASEELI K     IND
14DURAI K     IND
15MAHAMUNI S     IND
16MANIKANDA PRABU G     IND
17MOTILAL KA     IND
18RAMARAJ P     IND
19SHEIK AYUB KHAN S     IND
VEDASANDUR-133     ARAVAKURICHI-134     KARUR-135     KRISHNARAYAPURAM-136
MANAPPARAI-138     VIRALIMALAI-179
S22-23-TN-KARUR     1TAMBIDURAIM     ADMK
2DHARMALINGAMR     BSP
3PALLANISHAMY KC     DMK
4NATARAJANR     KNMK
5PRABAHARAN P     LJP
6RAMANATHANR     DMDK
7LOGANATHAN S     SAP
8ANNADURAI VM     IND
9AMALRAJM     IND
10ARUN G     IND
11ARULRAJKUMAR R     IND
12INNASI A     IND
13KANAGARAJ T     IND
14KARVENTHAN T     IND
15KRISHNANR     IND
16SHANKAR K     IND
17SHANMUGAMM     IND
18SHARFUDEEN M     IND
19SIVASAMY P     IND
20SRINIVASAN L     IND
21SENTHILKUMAR N     IND
22SELVAKUMAR LK     IND
23SELVARAJ K     IND
24DANIYA P     IND
25NACHIMUTHU V     IND
26PALANISAMY M     IND
27PANDIAN A     IND
28MANAVAN PK     IND
29MANIKANDANM     IND
30MANIVANNAN S     IND
31MARUTHAIVEERANV     IND
32MUTHUKUMARG     IND
33YOGENDRANM     IND
34RAMAMOORTHYR     IND
35VEERAMANIT     IND
36VENKATACHALAM SIVA AZHA     IND
37VETRIVEL R     IND
38VENUGOPAL T     IND
SRIRANGAM-139     TIRUCHIRAPPALLI (WEST)-140     TIRUCHIRAPPALLI
(EAST)-141     THIRUVERUMBUR-142     GANDARVAKOTTAI-178     PUDUKKOTTAI-180
S22-24-TN-TIRUCHIRAPPALLI     1KALYANASUNDARAM N     BSP
2KUMARP     ADMK
3SARUBALARTHONDAIMAN     INC
4LALITHA KUMARAMANGALAMR     BJP
5ASAITHAMBIP     CPI(ML)(L)
6RAVIP         MMKA
7GUNASEKARANK     AIVP
8NEELAMEGAMM     SP
9PATHINATHANP     CDF
10RAGHAVANR     ABHM
11VIJAYKUMARAMG     DMDK
12ANANTHA RAJAV     IND
13URUMAIYAHN     IND
14SARAVANANV     IND
15SAMUEL SWAMIDOSS MANOJKUMARE     IND
16CHINNADURAIA     IND
17THIRUMAVALAVANM     IND
18NAGENDRANA     IND
19PALANIP     IND
20BABY KAMITHA BANUM     IND
21MANSOOR ALI KHANA     IND
22MOHAMMED IQBAL A K S     IND
23VELMANI P     IND
24JAFARUNNISHA A     IND
KULITHALAI-137     LALGUDI-143     MANACHANALLUR-144     MUSIRI-145
THURAIYUR-146     PERAMBALUR-147
S22-25-TN-PERAMBALUR     1SELVARAJG     BSP
2NAPOLEOND     DMK
3BALASUBRAMANIANKK     ADMK
4ARULMANIC     AIVP
5KAMARAJ DURAI     DMDK
6SRINIVASAN V     MMKA
7SUNDARAVIJAYAN R     SP
8SENTHIL KUMAR N     RKSP
9STALIN R     LJP
10ANNALAKSHMI S     IND
11ERAMASAMY K     IND
12ILANGOVAN R     IND
13KANDASAMY S     IND
14GUNASEKARAN A     IND
15SINGARAM K     IND
16GNANAPRAGASHAM PS     IND
17THANGAMANI K     IND
18PRINCE BUCKTHA SINGH D     IND
19PONNAMMAL S     IND
20RENGARASU M     IND
21JAYARAMAN A     IND
TITTAKUDI-151     VRIDDHACHALAM-152     NEYVELI-153     PANRUTI-154
CUDDALORE-155     KURINJIPADI-156
S22-26-TN-CUDDALORE     1ALAGIRI S     INC
2AROKIYADOSS C     BSP
3SAMPATH M C     ADMK
4KAMARAJ A     LJP
5DAMOTHARAN M C     DMDK
6KANNAN K     IND
7CHANDRA P     IND
8SENRAYAN A D     IND
9PARTHIBAN R     IND
10RAYAR K     IND
11VASANTHI S     IND
KUNNAM-148     ARIYALUR-149     JAYANKONDAM-150     BHUVANAGIRI-157
CHIDAMBARAM-158     KATTUMANNARKOIL-159
S22-27-TN-CHIDAMBARAM     1RAJENDIRAN NR     BSP
2PONNUSWAMYE     PMK
3SASIKUMAR S     DMDK
4SELVAKUMAR C     RKSP
5THIRUMAAVALAVAN THOL     VCK
6KAVIYARASAN N     IND
7KANAGASABAI R     IND
8SAKTHIVELP     IND
9SUSILA  L     IND
10SENTHAMIL SELVI  K     IND
11DHARMALINGAM C     IND
12MANIKANDAN V     IND
13MARUDHAMUTHU V     IND
SIRKAZHI-160     MAYILADUTHURAI-161     POOMPUHAR-162
THIRUVIDAIMARUDUR-170     KUMBAKONAM-171     PAPANASAM-172
S22-28-TN-MAYILADUTHURAI     1KARTHIKEYAN S     BJP
2SAPTHARISHI LV     BSP
3MANI SHANKAR AIYAR     INC
4MANIAN OS     ADMK
5GANESAN S     AIVP
6GUNASEKARAN N     CPI(ML)(L)
7PANDIAN K     DMDK
8ZAWAHIRULLAH DR MH     MAMAK
9ABDUL JALEEL A     IND
10ARIVALAGAN S     IND
11AHMED MARECAR MH     IND
12KALIMUTHU SUDAR R     IND
13KRISHNAPPA A     IND
14TIMOTHY T     IND
15DHAKSHINAMOORTHY M     IND
16NAGARAJAN K     IND
17BALAJI V     IND
18PRABUDHASAN SM     IND
19RAJAKUMAR P     IND
20RAJAMANI M     IND
21VENKATRAMANI R     IND
22JAYAKUMAR KN     IND
23JAYARAMAN V     IND
NAGAPATTINAM-163     KILVELUR-164     VEDARANYAM-165
THIRUTHURAIPOONDI-166     THIRUVARUR-168     NANNILAM-169
S22-29-TN-NAGAPATTINAM     1SELVARAJ M     CPI
2VIJAYAN A K S     DMK
3VEERAMUTHU G     BSP
4MUTHUKUMAR M     DMDK
5DEVADOSS R     IND
6MUNUSAMY V     IND
7VEERASAMY P     IND
MANNARGUDI-167     THIRUVAIYARU-173     THANJAVUR-174     ORATTANADU-175
PATTUKKOTTAI-176     PERAVURANI-177
S22-30-TN-THANJAVUR     1SARAVANANS     BSP
2DURAIBALAKRISHNAN     MDMK
3PALANIMANICKAMSS     DMK
4RAMANATHANPDR     DMDK
5VEERAMANIS     SP
6KARTHIKEYANK     IND
7SIVAKUMARS     IND
8SOZHAMANNAR KANAKARAJAK     IND
9BALU A BALAN     IND
10PRASANNAS     IND
11MURUGARAJD     IND
12RAJAMANIK     IND
13VIJAYALAKSHMIS     IND
THIRUMAYAM-181     ALANGUDI-182     KARAIKUDI-184     TIRUPPATTUR-185
SIVAGANGA-186     MANAMADURAI-187
S22-31-TN-SIVAGANGA     1CHIDAMBARAM P     INC
2DEVAR MG     BSP
3RAJA KANNAPPAN RS     ADMK
4SAKTHIVEL K     MMKA
5BARWATHA REGINA PAPA     DMDK
6RAMASAMY RA     PT
7ABUPACKER SITHIK J     IND
8ALAGAPPAN ARU     IND
9ALAGAPPAN PL     IND
10AANANDAN VSKS     IND
11SAMUDRAM KALAIMANI K     IND
12KARMEGAM K     IND
13GUNASEKARAN P     IND
14CHITHAMBARAM S     IND
15ARIMAZHAM THIYAGI SUBRAMANIAN MUTHARAIYAR M     IND
16THOOTHAI SELVAM M     IND
17MALAIRAJ P     IND
18RADHAKRISHNAN A     IND
19RAJAGOPAL S     IND
20RAJIV R     IND
MELUR-188     MADURAI EAST-189     MADURAI NORTH-191     MADURAI SOUTH-192
MADURAI CENTRAL-193     MADURAI WEST-194
S22-32-TN-MADURAI     1ALAGIRI MK     DMK
2DHARBAR RAJA     BSP
3MOHAN P     CPM
4KAVIARASU K     DMDK
5ANAND K     IND
6GOPAL R     IND
7SIVAKUMAR T     IND
8THANGAPANDI K     IND
9NAGAMALAI MA     IND
10PAULPANDY M     IND
11MOTHILAL TR     IND
12VEERADURAI S     IND
SHOLAVANDAN-190     USILAMPATTI-197     ANDIPATTI-198     PERIYAKULAM-199
BODINAYACKANUR-200     CUMBUM-201
S22-33-TN-THENI     1AARON RASHIDJM     INC
2KAVITHA     BSP
3THANGA TAMILSELVAN     ADMK
4PARVATHIA     BJP
5SANTHANAMMG     DMDK
6SELVARAJANP     PT
7KRISHNAVENIN     IND
8SELVARAJ     IND
9TAMIL SELVANS     IND
10THIRUMOORTHY     IND
11NAGAMANI SENTHILR     IND
12NACHIMUTHUP     IND
13PANDI         IND
14PANDIANP     IND
15PERUMALSAMYS     IND
16POMMURAJM     IND
17MANIS         IND
18MURUGESANSP     IND
19RAJAVEL     IND
20RENGANATHAN     IND
21VETRICHELVAN     IND
22JAMESG     IND
THIRUPARANKUNDRAM-195     THIRUMANGALAM-196     SATTUR-204     SIVAKASI-205
VIRUDHUNAGAR-206     ARUPPUKKOTTAI-207
S22-34-TN-VIRUDHUNAGAR     1KANAGARAJ V     BSP
2KARTHIK M     BJP
3MANICKA TAGORE     INC
4VAIKO         MDMK
5PANDIARAJAN K     DMDK
6KANNAN S     IND
7KARUNANIDHI A     IND
8SIVAKUMAR MA     IND
9SIVANMANI P     IND
10SELVAM D     IND
11SETHURAJ J     IND
12DHANUSHKODI M     IND
13NAMBUSAMY P     IND
14PADMANABAN N     IND
15VIJAYAN S     IND
16JAWAHARLAL SL     IND
ARANTHANGI-183     TIRUCHULI-208     PARAMAKUDI-209     TIRUVADANAI-210
RAMANATHAPURAM-211     MUDHUKULATHUR-212
S22-35-TN-RAMANATHAPURAM     1SATHIAMOORTHY V     ADMK
2SIVAKUMAR  JK RITHEESH K     DMK
3THIRUNNAVUKKARASAR SU     BJP
4PRISCILLA PANDIAN     BSP
5SALEEMULLA KHAN S     MAMAK
6SINGAI JINNAH S     DMDK
7MOHAMMED ABITH ALI R     JMM
8KALIMUTHU K     IND
9SHANMUGAIYA PANDIAN S     IND
10SCHWARTZ DURAI S     IND
11CHELLA DURAI K     IND
12BALAMURUGAN     IND
13BASKARAN P     IND
14MURUGENDRAN G     IND
15JAHANGEER MI     IND
VILATHIKULAM-213     THOOTHUKKUDI-214     TIRUCHENDUR-215
SRIVAIKUNTAM-216     OTTAPIDARAM-217     KOVILPATTI-218
S22-36-TN-THOOTHUKKUDI     1SARAVANANS     BJP
2CYNTHIA PANDIAN DR     ADMK
3JEEVENKUMAR E PA     BSP
4JEYADURAI S R     DMK
5SUNTHER M S     DMDK
6ARUNKUMAR PUVI ARASU S     IND
7RAGHUPATHI S     IND
8KANDIVEL P     IND
9SUNDARAVEL K     IND
10PRABHAKARAN P     IND
11PONRAJ T     IND
12MUTHU S     IND
13MURUGAN A     IND
14RAMAKRISHNAN V     IND
15RAMKUMAR V     IND
RAJAPALAYAM-202     SRIVILLIPUTHUR-203     SANKARANKOVIL-219
VASUDEVANALLUR-220     KADAYANALLUR-221     TENKASI-222
S22-37-TN-TENKASI     1KRISHNAN K     BSP
2LINGAM P     CPI
3VELLAIPANDI G     INC
4INBARAJ K     DMDK
5KRISHNASAMY DR K     PT
6JOTHIRAJ M     SP
7BALAKRISHNAN S     IND
8RAMACHANDRAN E     IND
9LAKSHMANAN R     IND
ALANGULAM-223     TIRUNELVELI-224     AMBASAMUDRAM-225     PALAYAMKOTTAI-226
NANGUNERI-227     RADHAPURAM-228
S22-38-TN-TIRUNELVELI     1ANNAMALAI K     ADMK
2NAGARAJAN KARU     BJP
3RAMESH PANDIAN     BSP
4RAMASUBBU S     INC
5SANKARAPANDIAN T     CPIMLL
6SYED IMMAM S     SP
7MICHAEL RAYAPPAN S     DMDK
8VELMATHI TMT N     LJP
9ARUNACHALAM M     IND
10ANANDARAJ N     IND
11KUBENDRAN I     IND
12CHANDRASEKARAN SAKTHI     IND
13SELWIN D     IND
14THIRUVENGATAM A     IND
15BALASUBRAMANIAN S     IND
16SUDAROLI MURUGAN S BCOM     IND
17RAMASUBBU E     IND
18RAMALINGAM M     IND
19THENKALAM RAJA M     IND
20VEIULUMUTHUKUMAR     IND
21JEYABALAN N     IND
KANNIYAKUMARI-229     NAGERCOIL-230     COLACHEL-231     PADMANABHAPURAM-232
VILAVANCODE-233     KILLIYOOR-234
S22-39-TN-KANNIYAKUMARI     1RADHAKRISHNAN P     BJP
2SIVAKAMIP     BSP
3BELLARMIN AV     CPM
4HELEN DAVIDSON J     DMK
5ARUL THUMILAN D     LJP
6AUSTIN  S     DMDK
7BALASUBRAMONIAN T     ABHM
8RADHAKRISHNAN CP     IND
9EMMI         IND
10KUMAR C     IND
11SATHEES C     IND
12SIVAKUMAR S     IND
13THANKAMONY C     IND
14NALLATHAMBY C     IND
15PAULRAJ CM     IND
16MANOHARAN S     IND
17RADHAKRISHNAN C     IND
18LEKSHMANAN  S     IND
19WILSON     IND
20VENU K     IND
21JOHNSON S     IND
22JAYASINGH K     IND
SIMNA-1     MOHANPUR-2     BAMUTIA-3     BARJALA-4     KHAYERPUR-5     AGARTALA-6
RAMNAGAR-7     TOWN BORDOWALI-8     BANAMALIPUR-9     MAJLISHPUR-10
S23-1-TR-TRIPURA WEST     1KHAGEN DAS     CPM
2NILMANI DEB     BJP
3SANJIB DEY     NCP
4SUDIP ROY BARMAN     INC
5ARUN CHANDRA BHOWMIK     AITC
6TITU SAHA     RDMP
7PARTHA KARMAKAR     CPI(ML)(L)
8RAKHAL RAJ DATTA     AMB
9BINOY DEB BARMA     IND
10SUBRATA BHOWMIK     IND
RAMCHANDRAGHAT-24     KHOWAI-25     ASHARAMBARI-26
KALYANPUR-PRAMODENAGAR-27     TELIAMURA-28     KRISHNAPUR-29     HRISHYAMUKH-37
JOLAIBARI-38     MANU-39     SABROOM-40
S23-2-TR-TRIPURA EAST     1DIBA CHANDRA HRANGKHWAL     INC
2PULIN BEHARI DEWAN     BJP
3BAJU BAN RIYAN     CPM
4KARNA DHAN CHAKMA     AMB
5FALGUNI TRIPURA     CPI(ML)(L)
6RITA RANI DEBBARMA     AITC
7BINOY REANG     IND
8MEVAR KUMAR JAMATIA     IND
9RAJESH DEB BARMA     IND
BEHAT-1     SAHARANPUR NAGAR-3     SAHARANPUR-4     DEOBAND-5     RAMPUR
MANIHARAN-6
S24-1-UP-SAHARANPUR     1GAJAY SINGH     INC
2JAGDISH SINGH RANA     BSP
3JASWANT SINGH SAINI     BJP
4RASHEED MASOOD     SP
5CHATTAR SINGH KASHYAP     VAJP
6HAJI MOHAMMED TAUSEEF     PECP
7YOGESH GAMBHIR     BD
8SUSHIL KUMAR     RSBP
9MOHDASIF     IND
10CHANDRA PRAKASH ARORA     IND
11CHINTAMANI     IND
12TEJVEER     IND
13NATHLU RAM     IND
14MASHKOOR     IND
15MRASHID KHAN     IND
NAKUR-2     GANGOH-7     KAIRANA-8     THANA BHAWAN-9     SHAMLI-10
S24-2-UP-KAIRANA     1TABASSUM BEGUM     BSP
2SHAJAN MASOOD     SP
3SURENDRA KUMAR     INC
4HUKUM SINGH     BJP
5KARAN SINGH SAINI     JSP
6KUNWAR PAL     RDMP
7PRIYA KUMAR     ABHM
8RAJNISH NOTIAL     ASP
9RAJ BAHADUR     IJP
10SHAFIK     UNLP
11ABHISHEK     IND
12KULDEEP     IND
13ADVOCATE BRAHAM PAL GURJAR     IND
14MUKTA SINGH     IND
15LAKHMI     IND
BUDHANA-11     CHARTHAWAL-12     MUZAFFAR NAGAR-14     KHATAULI-15
SARDHANA-44
S24-3-UP-MUZAFFARNAGAR     1KADIR RANA     BSP
2DHEER SINGH     CPI
3THAKUR SANGEET SINGH SOM     SP
4HARINDRA SINGH MALIK     INC
5ANURADHA CHAUDHARY     RLD
6ABDUL AZIZ ANSARI     PECP
7ASHUTOSH PANDEY     LD
8NAWAB ALI     NLHP
9MANISH BHAI URF NITU     ABHM
10SATISH KUMAR     JSP
11SALAMUDEEN URF SALMU MALIK     NELU
12INDERPAL     IND
13NARENDRA KUMAR     IND
14PARMOD PAL     IND
15BHAGWAT SINGH     IND
16MUKTA SINGH     IND
17RANVEER     IND
18RAJENDRA SINGH     IND
19REETA URF REETA KASHYAP     IND
20VIJAY         IND
21VEERPAL     IND
22SATYAVEER     IND
23SALEK CHAUDHARY     IND
PURQAZI-13     MEERAPUR-16     BIJNOR-22     CHANDPUR-23     HASTINAPUR-45
S24-4-UP-BIJNOR     1KARTAR SINGH BHADANA     NCP
2DR YASHVIR SINGH     SP
3SHAHID SIDDIQUI     BSP
4SAIDUZZAMAN     INC
5MOHD AFSHAR     ASP
6ABDUL BASIT     KKJHS
7PARAS RAM     VAJP
8SAGIR AHMAD     NLHP
9SALESH KUMAR ALIAS SADHAWI SARLESH GIRI     MKUP
10SURENDRA SINGH     IJP
11SURESH CHAND     RMSP
12SANJAY SINGH CHAUHAN     RLD
13ABDUL SAMAD     IND
14IRFAN ALI     IND
15CHAND KUMAR     IND
16DIGVIJAY SINGH     IND
17DAVENDER SINGH     IND
18PRABHAT KUMAR     IND
19MONU KUMAR RAVI     IND
20RAJ RISHI     IND
21RAM GIRI     IND
22SHIVA CHARAN     IND
23SABDUL     IND
NAJIBABAD-17     NAGINA-18     DHAMPUR-20     NEHTAUR-21     NOORPUR-24
S24-5-UP-NAGINA     1ISAM SINGH     INC
2YASHVIR SINGH     SP
3RAM KISHAN SINGH     BSP
4UDIT RAJ     IJP
5TEJ SINGH     ASP
6BABLI ALIAS GULSAN JAHAN     NELU
7MUNSIRAM     RLD
8RANJEET     NBNP
9VIJAY PRAKASH     PECP
10ASARPAT     IND
11NOBAHAR SINGH     IND
12BHISHAM PRASAD     IND
13YADRAM     IND
14RAM CHANDER     IND
BARHAPUR-19     KANTH-25     THKURDWARA-26     MORADABAD RURAL-27     MORADABAD
NAGAR-28
S24-6-UP-MORADABAD     1MOHAMMAD RIZWAN     SP
2MOHAMMED AZHARUDDIN     INC
3RAJIV CHANNA     BSP
4KUNWAR SARVESH KUMAR ALIAS RAKESH     BJP
5RISHI PAL     ABHM
6SHAKEEL AHMED     NLHP
7HAR SWAROOP SHARMA     RSMD
8JAHID         IND
9TOTA RAM     IND
10NATHU SINGH     IND
11PATRAM     IND
12FARID JABBAR     IND
13MUHAMMED ZAFAR IQBAL     IND
14MOHAMMAD YUNUS     IND
15RINKI SAINI     IND
16SAGIR HUSAIN     IND
17SANJAY KUMAR URF SANJAY KUMAR GOSWAMI     IND
18HARIOM BALMIKI     IND
SUAR-34     CHAMRAUA-35     BILASPUR-36     RAMPUR-37     MILAK-38
S24-7-UP-RAMPUR     1GHAN SHYAM SINGH LODHI     BSP
2JAYA PRADA NAHATA     SP
3BEGUM NOOR BANO URF MEHTAB ZAMANI BEGUM     INC
4MUKHTAR ABBAS NAQVI     BJP
5DEEPCHAND GUPTA     JKD
6SHRIPAL GUPTA     BSP(K)
7SAMEENA BI     RSBP
8SIFAAT ALI KHAN     IUML
9SANJEEV KUMAR     AD
10ARIF SIKANDAR URF RAJU MIAN     IND
11KAPIL DEV     IND
12GENDAN LAL     IND
13JAGDISH SARAN SAGAR     IND
14TARIQ MIAN DESHMUKH     IND
15BHOLEY KHAN     IND
16SHAKKAN KHAN     IND
KUNDARKI-29     BILARI-30     CHANDAUSI-31     ASMOLI-32     SAMBHAL-33
S24-8-UP-SAMBHAL     1IQBAL MEHMOOD     SP
2CHANDRA PAL SINGH     BJP
3CHANDRA VIJAY     INC
4DR SHAFIQUR RAHMAN BARQ     BSP
5ASHOK         NNP
6PUTTAN KHAN     NLHP
7MOHAMMAD HASEEB     BPC
8HAJI RASHID HUSAIN     MUL
9DR PRAVEEN KUMAR     IND
10VRIHAMADEV     IND
11SUBHANUR RAHMAN     IND
DHANAURA-39     NAUGAWAN SADAT-40     AMROHA-41     HASANPUR-42
GARHMUKTESHWAR-60
S24-9-UP-AMROHA     1MEHBOOB ALI     SP
2MAUDOOD MADNI     BSP
3MOHD NAFIS ABBASI     INC
4DEVENDRA NAGPAL     RLD
5NIDHI TYAGI     SHS
6RIFAQAT     NELU
7SHARAFAT ALI     RSP
8SATISH         ABHM
9SUMAN         IVD
10ANJULA NAGPAL     IND
11ANIL         IND
12IMRAN         IND
13KIRSHANPAL     IND
14TARA CHANDR     IND
15DEVI SARAN     IND
16DEVENDER     IND
17MANTARI SINGH     IND
18RADHEKISHAN     IND
19VARUN     IND
20HARISH NAGPAL     IND
KITHORE-46     MEERUT CANTT.-47     MEERUT-48     MEERUT SOUTH-49     HAPUR-59
S24-10-UP-MEERUT     1ARUN KUMAR JAIN     NCP
2MALOOK NAGAR     BSP
3MUGHIS AHMAD GILANI     CPI
4RAJENDRA AGARWAL     BJP
5RAJENDRA SHARMA     INC
6SHAHID MANZOOR     SP
7AJAY AGRAWAL     SJP(R)
8JANESHWAR PRASAD SHARMA     RVNP
9TEJVEER SINGH     RWS
10RAJKUMAR TYAGI     ABHM
11RAJESH KUMAR     IJP
12SMT SANTOSH AHLUWALIA     RDMP
13DR HARI SINGH AZAD PRAJAPATI     ABLTP
14CAPT ATUL TYAGI     IND
15ANIL KUMAR SUBHASH     IND
16KRISHNA KUMAR GARG     IND
17KRISHNAPAL     IND
18KHALID KHURSHID     IND
19ZARAR AHMAD     IND
20DARA SINGH PRAJAPATI     IND
21BHARAT BHUSAN AGRAWAL     IND
22RAJENDRA SINGH YADAV     IND
23LOHRI         IND
24MOHD SHAHID AKHLAKH     IND
25SUDHIR NANDAN SARAN KOTHIWAL     IND
26SUNIL KUMAR RANA     IND
27DR SURENDER KUMAR KHATRI     IND
28SANJEEV     IND
29SHREEPAL SINGH     IND
SIWAL KHAS-43     CHHAPRAULI-50     BARAUT-51     BAGHPAT-52     MONI NAGAR-57
S24-11-UP-BAGHPAT     1MUKESH SHARMA     BSP
2SAHAB SINGH     SP
3SOMPAL     INC
4AJIT SINGH     RLD
5GULZAR     ASP
6DEVENDRA KUMAR     BKLJP
7FIRDOUS A S FIRDOUS RANA     MKUP
8SHALINI     JM
9ABDUL RASHID     IND
10OMPAL     IND
11JAIPARKASH     IND
12TEJPAL SINGH     IND
13PRAVEEN KUMAR     IND
14BRIJ BHUSHAN     IND
15RAVINDRA KUMAR     IND
16VEDPAL     IND
LONI-53     MURADNAGAR-54     SAHIBABAD-55     GAZIABAD-56     DHOLANA-58
S24-12-UP-GHAZIABAD     1PT AMAR PAL SHARMA     BSP
2RAJNATH SINGH     BJP
3SURENDRA PRAKASH GOEL     INC
4AZIJ KHAN     IJP
5ANWAR AHMED     NBNP
6IQBAL         NLHP
7KZ BUKHARI     NELU
8SANJAY SHARMA     ABHM
9HARI SHANKAR SHARMA     BPD
10TRILOK SINGH RAWAT     IND
11DAYA HIJRA     IND
12YATAN SHARMA     IND
13LAL SINGH     IND
14VINOD         IND
15SATISH     IND
16SAMAR SINGH     IND
NOIDA-61     DADRI-62     JEWAR-63     SIKANDRABAD-64     KHURJA-70
S24-13-UP-GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR     1NARENDRA SINGH BHATI     SP
2MAHESH KUMAR SHARMA     BJP
3RAMESH CHANDRA TOMAR     INC
4KK SHARMA     NCP
5SURENDRA SINGH NAGAR     BSP
6ARVIND         ANC
7GHANSHYAM SHARMA     RWS
8CHHOTE LAL     RYS
9DR JAMAL AHMAD KHAN     NLHP
10POONAM     BSP(K)
11PREM SINGH     RPI
12RAHIS         NELU
13LUBNA ASIF     AIMF
14SHER SINGH     AP
15ANIL KUMAR     IND
16KAMLESH CHOUDHRY     IND
17KINNAR GUDDI SHARMA     IND
18JAGAT SINGH     IND
19DHARAMVIR     IND
20MANOJ     IND
21MAHESH     IND
22RAJENDRA PAL SINGH     IND
23RESHAM SWARUP     IND
24SHAILESH KUMAR SRIVASTVA     IND
25SUKHVIR     IND
26SONIA SHARMA     IND
BULANDSHAHR-65     SYANA-66     ANUPSHAHR-67     DEBAI-68     SHIKARPUR-69
S24-14-UP-BULANDSHAHR     1ASHOK KUMAR PRADHAN     BJP
2KAMLESH     SP
3DEVI DAYAL     INC
4RAJ KUMAR GAUTAM     BSP
5KARAN SINGH BHOOCHAL     RMEP
6KANTI         ABRS
7JAY BHAGWAN     NBNP
8BALRAM     ABHM
9RAGHURAJ SINGH     RTKP
10RAJO         NELU
11SUDHA SINGH     RPI
12SUSHILA SINGH     RDMP
13SURAJMUKHI GAUTAM     UNLP
14SOHAN PAL     NLHP
15KAMLESH     IND
16PRAVEEN     IND
KHAIR-71     BARAULI-72     ATRAULI-73     KOIL-75     ALIGARH-76
S24-15-UP-ALIGARH     1ZAFAR ALAM     SP
2BIJENDRA SINGH     INC
3RAJ KUMARI CHAUHAN     BSP
4SHEELA GAUTAM     BJP
5AKHTAR     MUL
6ALPANA GAUTAM     BSK
7DEVI PRASHAD     MADP
8DHARAMVEER SINGH     IJP
9BABULAL VERMA     ASP
10MAHESH PRATAP SHARMA     RVP
11MUKESH     NLHP
12MOHAMMAD YUSUF KHAN     MC
13SHISHUPAL SINGH     PSS
14SANJAY     LD
15HARENDRA SINGH BURMAN     LPSP
16KAILASH     IND
17TEJVIR SINGH     IND
18NATTHILAL     IND
19PRABHAT KUMAR     IND
20PREM PAL SINGH     IND
21BABA BUDHASEN     IND
22BHAGVAN SAHAY     IND
23SHER MOHAMMAD     IND
CHHARRA-74     IGLAS-77     HATHRAS-78     SADABAD-79     SIKANDRA RAO-80
S24-16-UP-HATHRAS     1ANAR SINGH     SP
2PRADEEP CHANDEL     INC
3RAJENDRA KUMAR     BSP
4JAIPRAKASH     RTKP
5PRADEEP KUMAR     ASP
6PREMLATA     RPI(A)
7SARIKA SINGH     RLD
8SURESH BABU     BSKPB
9MATHURA PRASAD     IND
10SHIV SINGH     IND
CHHATA-81     MANT-82     GOVERDHAN-83     MATHURA-84     BALDEV-85
S24-17-UP-MATHURA     1MANVENDRA SINGH     INC
2SHYAM SUNDER SHARMA     BSP
3ASHRAF ALI     NLHP
4JAYANT CHAUDHARY     RLD
5DEVENDRA     RALP
6YADRAM     BSP(K)
7HEERA SINGH     NELU
8GOPAL SAINI ALIAS MANAGER     IND
9JAGDISH     IND
10JAI PRAKASH     IND
11PITAM SINGH     IND
12PRAMOD PACHAURI     IND
13FAKKAR BABA     IND
14BABU LAL SHARMA     IND
15VINOD         IND
16SHYAMSUNDAR     IND
ETMADPUR-86     AGRA CANTT.-87     AGRA SOUTH-88     AGRA NORTH-89
JALESAR-106
S24-18-UP-AGRA     1KUNWAR CHAND VAKIL     BSP
2PRABHUDAYAL KATHERIA     INC
3RAMJI LAL SUMAN     SP
4DR RAMSHANKAR     BJP
5RAMESH     JBSP
6RAJESH KUMAR PRADHAN     RSBP
7RAM DEVI     HDVP
8VIVEK CHAUHAN VALMIKI     RSMD
9GANESHI LAL MAHAUR     IND
10DR CHANDRAPAL     IND
11NITYANAND     IND
12BOBY         IND
13RAKESH     IND
14VINOD KUMAR SINGH     IND
15SANTOSH KUMAR DIWAKAR     IND
AGRA RURAL-90     FATEHPUR SIKARI-91     KHERAGARH-92
FATEHABAD-93     BAH-94
S24-19-UP-FATEHPUR SIKRI     1RAGHURAJ SINGH SHAKYA     SP
2RAJ BABBAR     INC
3RAJA MAHENDRA ARIDAMAN SINGH     BJP
4SEEMA UPADHYAY     BSP
5SAMARVEER SINGH CHAHAR     RWS
6GANGA RAM     IND
7CHANDAN SINGH     IND
8NARESH CHAND KOLI     IND
9BENI PRASHAD AGARWAL     IND
10MUNNA ALISE MUNNA LAL     IND
11VIJAY PAL     IND
12VINOD KUMAR     IND
13SATISH CHANDR     IND
14SUNDER SINGH     IND
TUNDLA-95     JASRANA-96     FIROZABAD-97     SHIKOHABAD-98     SIRSAGANJ-99
S24-20-UP-FIROZABAD     1AKHILESH YADAV     SP
2PROF SP SINGH BAGHEL     BSP
3RAGHUVAR DAYAL VERMA     BJP
4RAJJO DEVI     CPM
5RAJENDRAPAL     INC
6ANIL KUMAR SRIVASTAWAAKELA     JPS
7ABHAYPRATAP SINGH     JBSP
8DALVIR         RPI(A)
9RAJVIR SINGH     RSMD
10RAHAT AFROZ     MUL
11SUNITA DEVI     MADP
12ASHOK YADAV     IND
13MANISH ASIJA     IND
14RAMGOPAL     IND
15RAMDAS SAVITA     IND
16LT COLONEL SURESH BABU     IND
MAINPURI-107     BHONGAON-108     KISHANI-109     KARHAL-110
JASWANTNAGAR-199
S24-21-UP-MAINPURI     1TRIPTI SHAKYA     BJP
2MULAYAM SINGH YADAV     SP
3VINAY SHAKYA     BSP
4HAKIM SINGH YADAV     CPI
5ABADHESH SHAKYA     RSMD
6KARUNA NIDHI PANDEY     KKJHS
7GENDA LAL PAL     RALP
8PRAVEEN YADAV     MD
9MAN SINGH KASHYAP     LD
10YOGENDRA SINGH     IJP
11RAVINDRA SINGH     RWS
12RAJVIR SINGH     NDPF
13SARVESH     JPS
14AJAY KUMAR SINGH     IND
15SACHCHIDA NAND     IND
KASGANJ-100     AMANPUR-101     PATIYALI-102     ETAH-104     MARHARA-105
S24-22-UP-ETAH     1KUNWAR DEVENDRA SINGH YADAV     BSP
2DR MAHADEEPAK SINGH SHAKYA     INC
3DRSHYAM SINGH SHAKYA     BJP
4INDRAPAL     RSUPRP
5RISHIPAL     BRPP
6MUNAWAR HUSSAIN     NLHP
7RAJVEER SINGH     VAJP
8SHABBIR     NELU
9SANDEEP     RPI(A)
10KALYAN SINGH R O MADHOLI     IND
11KALYAN SINGH R O NAGLA KHUSHALI     IND
12KALIYAN SINGH     IND
13PREETY MISHRA     IND
14PUSHPA UPADHYAY     IND
15RAJENDRA     IND
16RAJESH     IND
17SATENDRA KUMAR     IND
18SAKIR ALI     IND
19HARISHCHANDRA     IND
GUNNAUR-111     BISAULI-112     SAHASWAN-113     BILSI-114     BUDAUN-115
S24-23-UP-BADAUN     1DHARAM YADAV URF D P YADAV     BSP
2DHARMENDRA YADAV     SP
3SALEEM IQBAL SHERWANI     INC
4AJEET SINGH YADAV     PDFO
5JAVITRI DEVI     IJP
6BRIJ PAL SINGH SHAKYA     RSMD
7D K BHARDWAJ     JD(U)
8ANUPAM SHARMA     IND
9DHARMENDRA YADAV     IND
10BHAGWAN SINGH     IND
SHEKHUPUR-116     DATAGANJ-117     FARIDPUR-122     BITHARI CHAINPUR-123
AONLA-126
S24-24-UP-AONLA     1TIKA RAM SAHU     CPI
2DHARMENDRA KUMAR     SP
3MENKA GANDHI     BJP

4KUNWAR SARVRAJ SINGH     BSP
5DEEN DAYAL     JKM
6PRITHVI NATH SINGH SONKAR     IJP
7MEHBOOB AHMAD KHAN     MD
8MUSHTAQ AHMAD     NELU
9SWAMI DRLAXMI NARAYANACHARYA     BDBP
10WASI AHMAD     MMUP
11AJAY PRATAP SINGH     IND
12OMENDRA KUMAR     IND
13JAGDISH SARAN     IND
MEERGANJ-119     GHOJIPURA-120     NAWABGANJ-121     BAREILLY-124     BARELLY
CANTT.-125
S24-25-UP-BAREILLY     1ISLAM SABIR ANSARI     BSP
2PRAVEEN SINGH ARON     INC
3BHAGWAT SARAN GANGWAR     SP
4SANTOSH GANGWAR     BJP
5NADEEM IQBAL     MADP
6LAIQ AHMAD     AD
7ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA     IND
8RAKESH AGARWAL ADVOCATE     IND
BAHERI-118     PILIBHIT-127     BARKHERA-128     PURANPUR-129     BISALPUR-130
S24-26-UP-PILIBHIT     1GANGA CHARAN     BSP
2MASTER CHOTEY LAL GANGWAR     NCP
3FEROZE VARUN GANDHI     BJP
4RIYAZ AHMAD     SP
5V M SINGH     INC
6INDRA PAL     AD
7KRISHNA ADHIKARI     CPI(ML)(L)
8JAMUNA DAVI     RKSP
9RAM KUMAR ARYA     ABRS
10HARPAL SINGH     RCP
11HARISH KUMAR     BSRD
12MAHAVIR SINGH     IND
13MAHESH SAXENA     IND
14RAM NARAYAN SINGH     IND
15LALTA PRASAD     IND
16VIQUARUL HASAN KHAN     IND
KATRA-131     JALALABAD-132     TILHAR-133     POWAYAN-134     SHAHJAHANPUR-135
DADRAUL-136
S24-27-UP-SHAHJAHANPUR     1UMED SINGH     INC
2KRISHNA RAJ     BJP
3DR JAUHARI LAL     NCP
4MITHLESH     SP
5SUNITA SINGH     BSP
6ARVIND KUMAR     RSMD
7DAULATRAM     PECP
8RAMPRAKASH     ABRS
9RAMSEWAK     AIFB
10HEERALAL     APRD
11KUNWARPAL     IND
12MALKHAN SINGH     IND
13MAHESH PAL SINGH     IND
14MEWARAM     IND
15SANGHPAL     IND
PALIA-137     NIGHASAN-138     GOLA GOKRANNATH-139     SRI NAGAR-140
LAKHIMPUR-142
S24-28-UP-KHERI     1AJAY KUMAR     BJP
2ILIYAS AZMI     BSP
3ZAFAR ALI NAQVI     INC
4RAVI PRAKASH VERMA     SP
5ANIL KISHORE     LD
6ANUPAM VERMA     AD
7KASHINATH SINGH     JPS
8RAMDARASH     CPI(ML)(L)
9ARVIND         IND
10MOHD ILIYAS     IND
11BAJRANGI LAL     IND
12MUJEEB KHAN     IND
DHAURAHRA-141     KASTA-143     MOHAMMDI-144     MAHOLI-145     HARGAON-147
S24-29-UP-DHAURAHRA     1OM PRAKASH     SP
2KUNWAR JITIN PRASAD     INC
3RAGHVENDRA SINGH     BJP
4RAJESH     NCP
5RAJESH KUMAR SINGH ALIAS RAJESH VERMA     BSP
6ARJUN LAL     CPI(ML)(L)
7SWAMI DAYAL GAUR     RTKP
8SUSHILA     AD
9KAPIL KUMAR     IND
10NARENDRA PRASAD     IND
11MANOJ     IND
12RAM SINGH     IND
SITAPUR-146     LAHARPUR-148     BISWAN-149     SEVATA-150     MAHMOODABAD-151
S24-30-UP-SITAPUR     1KAISAR JAHAN     BSP
2GYAN TIWARI     BJP
3JAGDISH NARAYAN SHUKLA     NCP
4MAHENDRA SINGH VERMA     SP
5RAM LAL RAHI     INC
6KULDEEP KUMAR     PECP
7GAYA PRASAD     CPI(ML)(L)
8GOVIND     KKJHS
9DAYA SHANKAR BOSE     RDMP
10MAIKU LAL     BSRD
11RAM DAS     BRPP
12HARE RAM FAUJI     JPS
13DILEEP KUMAR     IND
14DIPENDRA KUMAR VERMA     IND
15MUNNA LAL     IND
16HARGOVIND RAWAT PASI     IND
SAWAIJPUR-154     SHAHABAD-155     HARDOI-156     GOPAMAU-157     SANDI-158
S24-31-UP-HARDOI     1USHA VERMA     SP
2PURNIMA VERMA     BJP
3RAM KUMAR KURIL     BSP
4BALAKRAM     RJPK
5BHAIYA LAL ALIAS CHAMAN BABU     RSMD
6SHANTISWAROOP     RPI
7HARIBAKHSH     NNP
8USHA         IND
9JAGANNATH     IND
10RAJENDRA KUMAR     IND
11SHIV KUMAR     IND
MISRIKH-153     BILGRAM-MALLANWAN-159     BALAMAU-160     SANDILA-161
BILHAUR-209
S24-32-UP-MISRIKH     1ANIL KUMAR ALIAS ANIL BHARGAV     BJP
2ASHOK KUMAR RAWAT     BSP
3OM PRAKASH     INC
4SHYAM PRAKASH     SP
5RAM AUTAR     RPI(A)
6VISHAMBHAR DAYAL     RCP
7UDAY PRATAP     IND
8RAKESH KUMAR     IND
9RAM DAYAL     IND
10RAM SAGAR     IND
11SHIV PAL     IND
12SANJAYKUMAR     IND
13SAHEB LAL     IND
BANGARMAU-162     SAFIPUR-163     MOHAN-164     UNNAO-165     BHAGWANTNAGAR-166
PURWA-167
S24-33-UP-UNNAO     1ANNUTANDON     INC
2ARUNSHANKARSHUKLA     BSP
3DEEPAKKUMAR     SP
4RAMESHKUMARSINGH     BJP
5UMESHCHANDRA     AD
6CHHEDILAL     RPI(A)
7JAVEDRAZA     JD(U)
8RAJKISHORESINGH     RCP
9RAJUKASHYAP     VAJP
10RAMAOTAR     BVVP
11RAMSEVAK     ASP
12RASHIDQAMAR     MUL
13SHIVSHANKERKUSHWAHA     ABAS
14ASHOKKUMAR     IND
15KRISHNAPALSINGHVAIS     IND
16CHANDRASHEKHARTIWARI     IND
17ABHICHHEDILALYADAV     IND
18RAMASHREY     IND
19LALA         IND
20VASUDEVVISHARAD     IND
21SUNILKUMAR     IND
SIDHAULI-152     MALIHABAD-168     BAKSHI KAA TALAB-169     SAROJINI
NAGAR-170     MOHANLALGANJ-176
S24-34-UP-MOHANLALGANJ     1JAI PRAKASH     BSP
2RANJAN KUMAR CHAUDHARY     BJP
3SUSHILA SAROJ     SP
4JAIPAL PATHIK     RCP
5RKCHAUDHARY     RSBP
6SATTIDEEN     UPRP
7RAM DHAN     IND
LUCKNOW WEST-171     LUCKNOW NORTH-172     LUCKNOW EAST-173     LUCKNOW
CENTRAL-174     LUCKNOW CANTT.-175
S24-35-UP-LUCKNOW     1DR AKHILESH DAS GUPTA     BSP
2NAFISA ALI SODHI     SP
3RITA BAHUGUNA JOSHI     INC
4LAL JI TANDON     BJP
5ANUPAM MISHRA     SWPI
6MOHD IRSHAD     NBNP
7KAMAL CHANDRA     GGP
8DRKHAN MOHMAD ATIF     MMUP
9JUGUNU RANJAN     JANS
10DASHARATH     RMEP
11NAND KUMAR LODHI RAJPOOT     BGD
12PRAVEEN KUMAR MISHRA     EKSP
13MURLI PRASAD     RTKP
14MUSTAQ KHAN     IJP
15RAVI SHANKAR BHARAT     BPD
16RAJESH KUMAR PANDEY     AITC
17AMRESH MISHRA     IND
18AMIT PANDEY     IND
19ASHOK KUMAR PAL     IND
20AMBIKA PRASAD     IND
21KC KARDAM     IND
22KEDAR MAL AGRAWAL     IND
23GIRISH CHANDRA SRIVASTAV     IND
24CHATURI PRASAD     IND
25CHANDRA BHUSHAN PANDEY CBPANDEY     IND
26ZUBAIR AHMAD     IND
27SRDARAPURI     IND
28DHEERAJ     IND
29NITIN DWIVEDI     IND
30PADAM CHANDRA GUPTA     IND
31BAL MUKUND TIWARI     IND
32RAJIV RANJAN TIWARI  RAJ BIHARI     IND
33RAJESH KUMAR     IND
34RAJESH KUMAR NAITHANI     IND
35RADHEYSHYAM     IND
36RAM KUMAR SHUKLA     IND
37SEHNAAZ SIDRAT     IND
38SUKHVEER SINGH     IND
39SUMAN LATA DIXIT     IND
40HARJEET SINGH     IND
41A HAROON ALI     IND
BACHHRAWAN-177     HARCHANDPUR-179     RAE BARELI-180     SARENI-182
UNCHAHAR-183
S24-36-UP-RAE BARELI     1RSKUSHWAHA     BSP
2RBSINGH     BJP
3SONIA GANDHI     INC
4ANIL KUMAR MAURYA     AD
5DINESH         RCP
6AVNISH         IND
7ALOK KUMAR SINGH     IND
8ILIYAS HUSSAIN     IND
9BABULAL     IND
10MANOJ KUMAR SO RAM NARESH SINGH     IND
11MANOJ KUMAR SO HANUMANT PRASAD     IND
12RAMA SHANKAR     IND
13LAJJAWATI KANCHAN     IND
14SHYAM BIHARI GUPTA     IND
15SRIPAL     IND
16HORILAL     IND
TILOI-178     SALON-181     JAGDISHPUR-184     GAURIGANJ-185     AMETHI-186
S24-37-UP-AMETHI     1ASHEESH SHUKLA     BSP
2PRADEEP KUMAR SINGH     BJP
3RAHUL GANDHI     INC
4BHUWAL     JPS
5MOHDHASAN LAHARI     BRPP
6SUNITA         MAP
7SURYABHAN MAURYA     RASD
8AAVID HUSSAIN     IND
9OMKAR         IND
10KAPIL DEO     IND
11DILIP         IND
12MIHILAL     IND
13MEET SINGH     IND
14RAMESH CHANDRA     IND
15RAM SHANKER     IND
16SWAMI NATH     IND
ISAULI-187     SULTANPUR-188     SADAR-189     LAMBHUA-190     KADIPUR-191
S24-38-UP-SULTANPUR     1ASHOK PANDEY     SP
2MOHDTAHIR     BSP
3SURYA BHAN SINGH     BJP
4DRSANJAY SINGH     INC
5ANIL         RPI(A)
6CHOTELAL MAURYA     AD
7MOHDUMAR     PECP
8RAKESH     NYP
9RAJKUMAR PANDEY     RDMP
10TRIVENI PRASAD BHEEM     BRPP
11ARVIND KUMAR     IND
12AWADHESH KUMAR     IND
13KRISHNA NARAYAN     IND
14JHINKURAM VISHWAKARMA     IND
15PRAKASH CHANDRA     IND
16HARI NARAYAN     IND
RAMPUR KHAS-244     BISHWAVNATHGANJ-247     PRATAPGARH-248     PATTI-249
RANIGANJ-250
S24-39-UP-PRATAPGARH     1KUNWAR AKSHAYA PRATAP SINGH GOPAL JI     SP
2RAJKUMARI RATNA SINGH     INC
3LAKSHMI NARAIN PANDEY GURU JI     BJP
4PROF SHIVAKANT OJHA     BSP
5ATIQ AHAMAD     AD
6ARUN KUMAR     SJP(R)
7A RASHID ANSARI     MC
8RAJESH     KKJHS
9ATUL DWIVEDI     IND
10UDHAV RAM     IND
11CHHANGALAL     IND
12JITENDRA PRATAP SINGH     IND
13DINESH PANDEY ALIAS DK PANDEY     IND
14BADRI PRASAD     IND
15MUNEESHWAR SINGH     IND
16RAMESH KUMAR     IND
17RAVINDRA SINGH     IND
18RANI PAL     IND
19RAMMURTI MISHRA     IND
20RAM SAMUJH     IND
21VINOD         IND
22SHIVRAM     IND
23SATRAM     IND
ALIGANJ-103     KAIMGANJ-192     AMRITPUR-193     FARRUKHABAD-194
BHOJPUR-195
S24-40-UP-FARRUKHABAD     1CHANDRA BHUSHAN SINGH URF MUNNU BABU     SP
2NARESH CHANDRA AGRAWAL     BSP
3MITHLESH KUMARI     BJP
4SALMAN KHURSHEED     INC
5OM BABU     JPS
6JAIVEER SINGH SHAKYA     BRPP
7DALGANJAN SINGH YADAV     BRM
8RAMSHARAN     BNRP
9RISHIDUTT     ABHM
10WAZID ALI     IJP
11SWAMI SACHIDANAND HARI SAKSHI     RTKP
12SUBODH GANGWAR     AD
13RIYAZ AHMAD     IND
14VINOD KUMAR     IND
15VEENA KUREEL     IND
16SURESH CHANDRA SARASWAT URF ELAICHI WALA     IND
ETAWAH-200     BHARTHANA-201     DIBIYAPUR-203     AURAIYA-204     SIKANDRA-207
S24-41-UP-ETAWAH     1KAMLESH VERMA     BJP
2GAURISHANKER     BSP
3PREMDAS     SP
4SHIV RAM DOHRE     MD
5SANT KUMAR DOHRE     LD
6SIYARAM     RBCP
7ANVER SINGH     IND
8KPD SHYAMDAS     IND
9GIREESH BHARTIYA     IND
10JAISHANKAR     IND
11RAMNARESH     IND
12SHARMILA     IND
13SATYA PRIYA MANAV     IND
CHHIBRAMAU-196     TIRWA-197     KANNAUJ-198     BIDHUNA-202     RASULABAD-205
S24-42-UP-KANNAUJ     1AKHILESH YADAV     SP
2DR MAHESH CHANDRA VERMA     BSP
3SUBRAT PATHAK     BJP
4AJAB SINGH YADAV     ABAS
5NARAYAN KUMAR     RDMP
6BALRAM     BSP(K)
7RAM KARAN KASHYAP     VAJP
8RAM BABU TRIVEDI     BPD
9RAM SWAROOP     JPS
10VIJAY SINGH CHAUHAN     MD
11PRADEEP     IND
12RAM BABU     IND
13LAL SINGH     IND
14SHAHANSHAH KHAN     IND
15SANJEEV     IND
16SHRIKRISHNA SHAKYA     IND
GOVINDNAGAR-212     SISHAMAU-213     ARYA NAGAR-214     DIDWAI NAGAR-215
KANPUR CANTT.-216
S24-43-UP-KANPUR     1SATISH MAHANA     BJP
2SUKHDA MISHRA     BSP
3SURENDRA MOHAN AGRAWAL     SP
4SRI PRAKASH JAISWAL     INC
5OMENDRA BHARAT     BPD
6GUFRAN AHMED     RWSP
7JAGDISH PRASAD     ABHM
8MOTI LAL SHARMA     IJP
9ANIL KUMAR JAIN     IND
10AHAMED HUSSAIN     IND
11GAYA PRASAD     IND
12JAGESWAR DAYAL 1 VIKAL ORAI     IND
13NISHA         IND
14BADRI VISHAL PRAJAPATI     IND
15MAHESH CHANDRA SHARMA     IND
16MAYA KAUSHAL     IND
17MOHAMMD ISHA     IND
18VNAWASTHI     IND
AKBARPUR – RANIYA-206     BITHOOR-210     KALYANPUR-211     MAHARAJPUR-217
GHATAMPUR-218
S24-44-UP-AKBARPUR     1ANIL SHUKLA WARSI     BSP
2ARUN KUMAR TIWARI BABA     BJP
3KAMLESH KUMAR PATHAK     SP
4RAJARAM PAL     INC
5AMAR SINGH CHAUHAN     JPS
6DRAK GUPTA     RSMD
7DAYA SHANKER     RSP
8DHARMENDRA PRATAP SINGH     BPD
9CHAUDHARY DHARMENDRA SINGH YADAV     RPI
10BAIKUNTH NATH     JD(S)
11RAM GOPAL     RAJUP
12VIMAL SINGH BHADAURIA     ABAS
13SATENDRA KUSHWAHA     RKSP
14OMKAR     IND
15MANJESH KUMAR     IND
16RAM NATH VERMA     IND
17VIRENDRA VISHWAKARMA     IND
BHOGNIPUR-208     MADHAUGARH-219     KALPI-220     ORAI-221     GARAUTHA-225
S24-45-UP-JALAUN     1GHANSYAM ANURAGI     SP
2TILAK CHANDRA AHIRWAR     BSP
3NATHURAM VERMA LOHIA     NCP
4BHANU PRATAP SINGH VERMA     BJP
5DR BABU RAMADHIN AHIRWAR     INC
6KASHIRAM     CPI(ML)(L)
7DASHRATH SINGH AHIRWAR     RDMP
8PRATAP SINGH KATHARIYA     NELU
9PRABHA VERMA     AD
10BHAGGOOLAL VALMIKI     RSMD
11SANJAY KUMAR     RAJUP
12HUKUM     JPS
13BHURI DEVI     IND
14MEVALAL     IND
15RAM JI     IND
16VASHUDEV     IND
BABINA-222     JHANSI NAGAR-223     MAURANIPUR-224     LALITPUR-226
MEHRONI-227
S24-46-UP-JHANSI     1CHANDRPAL SINGH YADAV     SP
2PRADEEP KUMAR JAIN ADITYA     INC
3RAMESH KUMAR SHARMA     BSP
4RAVINDRA SHUKLA     BJP
5DEEPMALA KUSHWAHA     RTKP
6BABU LAL NANGAL     LSVP
7BALAK DAS     AD
8MANMOHAN GUPTA     IJP
9RAMDAS     BJTP
10SUJAN SINGH BUNDELA     RSMD
11ABDESH BHOOSHAN SRIVASTAVA     IND
12KAMTA PRASAD RAJPUT     IND
13JAGAT VIKRAM SINGH     IND
14PANKAJ RAWAT     IND
15PARWAT SINGH     IND
16BAL KISHAN     IND
17MATHURA PRASAD     IND
18MAHENDRA     IND
HAMIRPUR-228     RATH-229     MAHOBA-230     CHARKHARI-231     TINDWARI-232
S24-47-UP-HAMIRPUR     1ASHOK KUMAR SINGH CHANDEL     SP
2PREETAM SINGH LODHI KISSAN     BJP
3VIJAY BAHADUR SINGH     BSP
4SIDDHA GOPAL SAHU     INC
5ANIL KUMAR     ASP
6AMIT KUMAR     AD
7KAPIL KUMAR     NLHP
8KANTI         LD
9GIRDHARILAL     NELU
10SHIVPRASAD PRAJAPATI     IJP
11HAKEEM KHAN     BAP
12DESH RAJ     IND
13NEERAJ KUMAR NIRALA     IND
14PARMESHWAR DAYAL     IND
15LALLA         IND
16LALLU PRASAD     IND
BABERU-233     NARAINI-234     BANDA-235     CHITRAKOOT-236     MANIKPUR-237
S24-48-UP-BANDA     1AMITA BAJPAI     BJP
2BHAGAWAN DEEN GARG     INC
3BHAIRON PRASAD MISHRA     BSP
4SANTOSH KUMAR     CPI
5R K SINGH PATEL     SP
6ASHOK KUMAR     IJP
7ANAND YADAV     UCPI
8PARASHU RAM NISHAD     AD
9LALIT KUMAR     ASP
10ANSH DHARI     IND
11JAGAN NATH SINGH     IND
12PRAKASH NARAYAN     IND
13BALENDRA NATH     IND
14MANOJ KUMAR     IND
15SHIV KUMAR     IND
JAHANABAD-238     BINKDI-239     FATEHPUR-240     AYAH SHAH-241
HUSAINGANJ-242     KHAGA-243
S24-49-UP-FATEHPUR     1JAGESHWAR PAL     NCP
2MAHENDRA PRASAD NISHAD     BSP
3RAKESH SACHAN     SP
4RADHEY SHYAM GUPTA     BJP
5VIBHAKAR SHASTRI     INC
6AJEYA SINGH     JM
7UDIT RAJ     IJP
8MATIN         ANC
9MUNNA SINGH     KKJHS
10RAEES     PECP
11VISHWASWAROOP MAURYA     ABAS
12DR SONEY LAL PATEL     AD
13ANSHU MAN SINGH ADVOCATE     IND
14JAGDEESH NARAIN SHARMA     IND
15DILEEP VERMA     IND
16NARSINGH PATEL     IND
17MAHFAZUL HAK ALIAS RAJU KHAN     IND
18HARISH CHANDRA SWARANKAR     IND
BABAGANJ-245     KUNDA-246     SIRATHU-251     MANJHANPUR-252     CHAIL-253
S24-50-UP-KAUSHAMBI     1GIRISH CHANDRA PASI     BSP
2GAUTAM CHAUDHARY     BJP
3RAM NIHOR RAKESH     INC
4SHAILENDRA KUMAR     SP
5UMESH CHANDRA PASI     AD
6GULAB SONKAR     IJP
7GULAB CHANDRA     IND
8JAGDEO     IND
9MAN SINGH     IND
10RAM SARAN     IND
PHAPHAMAU-254     SORAON-255     PHULPUR-256     ALLAHABAD WEST-261     ALLAHABAD
NORTH-262
S24-51-UP-PHULPUR     1KAPIL MUNI KARWARIYA     BSP
2KARAN SINGH PATEL     BJP
3DHARMARAJ SINGH PATEL     INC
4SHYAMA CHARAN GUPTA     SP
5CHANDRAJEET     LD
6DEVENDRA PRATAP SINGH     RDMP
7PRADEEP KUMAR SRIVASTAVA     AD
8LALLAN SINGH     RSBP
9VIJAY KUMAR     GMS
10SATISH YADAV     IJP
11SANJEEV KUMAR MISHRA     YVP
12KRISHNA KUMAR     IND
13DR NEERAJ     IND
14BHARAT LAL     IND
15DR MILAN MUKHERJEE     IND
16MUNISHWAR SINGH MAURYA     IND
17RADHIKA PAL     IND
18RADHESHYAM SINGH YADAV     IND
19RAM JANM YADAV     IND
20RAMSHANKAR     IND
21VIRENDRA PAL SINGH     IND
22SHAILENDRA KUMAR PRAJAPATI     IND
23SAMAR BAHADUR SHARMA     IND
24DR SONE LAL PATEL     IND
MEJA-259     KARCHHANA-260     ALLAHABAD SOUTH-263     BARA-264     KORAON-265
S24-52-UP-ALLAHABAD     1ASHOK KUMAR BAJPAI     BSP
2YOGESH SHUKLA     BJP
3KUNWAR REWATI RAMAN SINGH ALIAS MANI JI     SP
4SHYAM KRISHNA PANDEY     INC
5OM PRAKASH     RMSP
6GULAB GRAMEEN     LD
7BIHARI LAL SHARMA     AD
8BAIJAL KUMAR     BSP(K)
9RAMA KANT     IJP
10RAJESH PASI     RSBP
11RAM PARIKHAN SINGH     JPS
12VIJAY SHANKAR     BSA
13SARFUDDIN     NELU
14AKBAL MOHAMMD     IND
15AJUG NARAIN     IND
16ABHAY SRIVASTAVA     IND
17KM KUSUM KUMARI AD     IND
18GOPAL SWROOP JOSHI     IND
19NARENDRA KUMAR TEWARI     IND
20BAJRANG DUTT     IND
21MUNNU PRASAD     IND
22RAVI PRAKASH     IND
23RAKESH KUMAR     IND
24RAJ BALI     IND
25RAM GOVIND     IND
26RAM JEET     IND
27RAM LAL     IND
28KM SHASHI PANDEY     IND
29DR MOHD SALMAN RASHIDI     IND
30SADHNA AGARWAL     IND
31HIRA LAL     IND
KURSI-266     RAM NAGAR-267     BARABANKI-268     ZAIDPUR-269
HAIDERGARH-272
S24-53-UP-BARABANKI     1KAMALA PRASAD RAWAT     BSP
2PLPUNIA     INC
3RAM NARESH RAWAT     BJP
4RAM SAGAR     SP
5JEEVAN     JPS
6DESHRAJ     BSRD
7BABADEEN     BRPP
8BHAGAUTI     AD
9SANTRAM     NBNP
10GAYA PRASAD     IND
11DEPENDRA KUMAR RAWAT     IND
12PREM CHANDRA ARYA     IND
13RAM AUTAR     IND
14LAJJAWATI KANCHAN     IND
15MAHANT VISHRAM DAS     IND
DARIYABAD-270     RUDAULI-271     MILKIPUR-273     BIKAPUR-274     AYODHYA-275
S24-54-UP-FAIZABAD     1NIRMAL KHATRI     INC
2BIMLENDRA MOHAN PRATAP MISRA PAPPU BHAIYA     BSP
3MITRASEN     SP
4LALLU SINGH     BJP
5AJAY KUMAR     KKJHS
6ATUL KUMAR PANDEY     THPI
7AMAR NATH JAISWAL     RTKP
8GIRISH CHANDRA VERMA     AD
9GULAM SABIR     NBNP
10CHANDRASHEKHAR SINGH     BPD
11NUSRAT QUDDUSI ALIAS BABLOO     PECP
12MANISH KUMAR PANDEY     ABHM
13SAIYYAD MUSHEER AHMED     AP
14RAMESH KUMAR RAWAT     MADP
15SUSHIL KUMAR     BLKD
16ATAURR RAHMAN ANSARI     IND
17AMARNATH VERMA     IND
18DINA NATH PANDEY     IND
19NASREEN BANO     IND
20BALAK RAM ALIAS SHIV BALAK PASI     IND
21RAM DHIRAJ     IND
22SWAMI NATH     IND
23SIYARAM KORI     IND
GOSHAINGANJ-276     KATEHARI-277     TANDA-278     JALALPUR-280
AKBARPUR-281
S24-55-UP-AMBEDKAR NAGAR     1RAKESH PANDEY     BSP
2VINAY KATIYAR     BJP
3SHANKHLAL MAJHI     SP
4DINESH KUMAR RAJBHAR     SBSP
5BASANT LAL     PECP
6BAL MUKUND DHURIYA     CPI(ML)(L)
7BHARTHARI     BRPP
8MANSHARAM     MADP
9LALMAN     JPS
10VIJAY KUMAR MAURYA     RASD
11SANTOSH KUMAR     ABHM
12IFTEKHAR AHMAD     IND
13KAILASH KUMAR SHUKLA     IND
14GAYADEEN     IND
15CHANDRA BHUSHAN     IND
16DEO PRASAD MISHRA     IND
17NABAB ALI     IND
18PARASHU RAM     IND
19PATANJALI JAITALI     IND
20RAM SUKH SAHOO     IND
21DR LAL BAHADUR     IND
22SRIRAM AMBESH     IND
BALHA-282     NANPARA-283     MATERA-284     MAHSI-285     BAHRAICH-286
S24-56-UP-BAHRAICH     1AKSHAYBAR LAL     BJP
2KAMAL KISHOR     INC
3LAL MANI PRASAD     BSP
4SHABBEER AHMAD     SP
5GOPAL         SBSP
6TULSI RAM     RDMP
7MANU DEVI     PECP
8RAM CHHABEELE SUBHASH     BSRD
9SATYA NARAIN     RPI(A)
10HARENDRA KUMAR     JPS
11HEERA LAL     ANC
12MAIKOO LAL     IND
13RAM SARAN     IND
PAYAGPUR-287     KAISERGANJ-288     KATRA BAZAR-297     COLONELGANJ-298
TARABGANJ-299
S24-57-UP-KAISERGANJ     1MOHD ALEEM     INC
2BRIJBHUSHAN SHARAN SINGH     SP
3DR LALTA PRASAD MISHRA ALIAS DR L P MISHRA     BJP
4SURENDRA NATH AWASTHI     BSP
5ZAMEER AHMAD     ANC
6DAYA RAM     PDFO
7MANOJ KUMAR     LD
8RAM PRAKSH     RPI(A)
9RAMENDER DEV PATHAK     PECP
10HAFEEZ     AD
11ANOKHI LAL     IND
12OM PRAKASH     IND
13UDAI RAJ     IND
14CHANDRA BHAN     IND
15JAGDISH     IND
16JAGDISH PRASAD     IND
17JITENDRA BAHADUR     IND
18PARAMHANS SINGH     IND
19RAJ KISHOR SINGH     IND
20RADHEYSHYAM BOAT     IND
21RAMPHER ALIAS CHUNTI     IND
22VINESH KUMAR     IND
23VIMAL VERMA     IND
BHINGA-289     SHRAWASTI-290     TULSIPUR-291     GAINSARI-292
BALRAMPUR-294
S24-58-UP-SHRAWASTI     1RIZVAN ZAHEER     BSP
2RUBAB SAIDA     SP
3VINAY KUMAR ALIAS VINNU     INC
4SATYA DEO SINGH     BJP
5ARUN KUMAR     ANC
6KULDEEP     SBSP
7RAJESHWAR MISHRA     PECP
8RAM ADHAR     RPI(A)
9TEJ BAHADUR     IND
10RAM SUDHI     IND
11VINOD KUMAR PANDEY     IND
UTRAULA-293     MEHNAUN-295     GONDA-296     MANKAPUR-300     GAURA-301
S24-59-UP-GONDA     1DR ACHYUTA NAND DUBEY     NCP
2KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH RAJA BHAIYA     BSP
3BENI PRASAD VERMA     INC
4RAM PRATAP SINGH     BJP
5VINOD KUMAR SINGH ALIAS PANDIT SINGH     SP
6ASHIQ ALI     PECP
7OM PRAKASH SINGH     JPS
8PREM KUMAR     SBSP
9RAJENDRA PRASAD     ANC
10RAM KEWAL     VAJP
11RAM LOCHAN     ABHM
12VIDYA SAGAR     AD
13HARSH VARDHAN PANDEY     LD
14AKHILENDRA KUMAR PATHAK     IND
15ANURADHA PATEL     IND
16OM PRAKASH     IND
17GANGA DHAR SHUKLA     IND
18DEEPAK     IND
19NARENDRA SINGH     IND
20BAIJNATH     IND
21RAJENDRA PRASAD     IND
22RADHEY SHYAM     IND
23RAM PRASAD     IND
24RAM LAKHAN     IND
25SATYA PRAKASH     IND
SHOHRATGARH-302     KAPILVASTU-303     BANSI-304     ITWA-305
DUMARIYAGANJ-306
S24-60-UP-DOMARIYAGANJ     1JAGDAMBIKA PAL     INC
2JAI PRATAP SINGH     BJP
3MATA PRASAD PANDEY     SP
4MOHD MUQUEEM     BSP
5INAMULLAH CHAUDHARY     PECP
6JITENDRA PRATAP SINGH     RDMP
7PINGAL PRASAD     RPI
8BALKRISHNA     BSP(K)
9MUKHDEV     SBSP
10RAJDEV     BEP
11RAM SAMUJH     BJBCD
12RAHUL SANGH PRIYA BHARTI     IJP
13HARISHANKAR     LJP
14MOTILAL VIDHYARTHI     IND
15RAM KRIPAL     IND
16SIRAJ AHAMAD     IND
HARRAIYA-307     KAPTANGANJ-308     RUDHAULI-309     BASTI SADAR-310
MAHADEWA-311
S24-61-UP-BASTI     1ARVIND KUMAR CHAUDHARY     BSP
2BASANT CHAUDHARY     INC
3RAJ KISHOR SINGH     SP
4DR Y D SINGH     BJP
5OM PRAKASH     VAJP
6DAYASHANKAR PATWA     PECP
7DALBAG SINGH     BSP(K)
8RAM NAYAN PATEL     AD
9VINOD KUMAR RAJBHAR     SBSP
10SHIVDAS     SSD
11SANJEEV KUMAR NISHAD     BUM
12SITARAM NISHAD     JPS
13RAM LALAN YADAV     IND
14SHIV POOJAN ARYA     IND
15SATYADEV OJHA     IND
16SATISH CHANDRA SHARMA     IND
ALAPUR-279     MENHDAWAL-312     KHALILABAD-313     DHANGHATA-314
KHAJNI-325
S24-62-UP-SANT KABIR NAGAR     1KAMLA KANT CHAUDHARY     CPI
2FAZLEY MAHAMOOD     INC
3BHAL CHANDRA YADAV     SP
4BHISMA SHANKAR ALIAS KUSHAL TIWARI     BSP
5SHARAD TRIPATHI     BJP
6INDRA KUMAR     BUM
7KRISHNA NAND MISHRA     AIMF
8KHELADI     BRPP
9JANTRI LAL     JPS
10PANCHOO BELDAR     ASP
11RAJESH SINGH     PECP
12RAM ACHAL     MADP
13RAM AVADH NISHAD     SBSP
14LOTAN ALIAS LAUTAN PRASAD     SSD
15VINOD RAI     NLHP
16ANJU         IND
17JOOGESH YADAV     IND
18NITYANAND MANI TRIPATHI     IND
19PHOOLDEO     IND
20RAMESH     IND
21VINAY PANDEY     IND
22SHRI BABA RAM CHANDRA     IND
23SUSHILA JIGYASU     IND
24HARISH CHANDRA     IND
PHARENDA-315     NAUTANWA-316     SISWA-317     MAHARAJGANJ-318
PANIYARA-319
S24-63-UP-MAHARAJGANJ     1AJEET MANI     SP
2GANESH SHANKER PANDEY     BSP
3PANKAJ CHAUDHARY     BJP
4HARSH VARDHAN     INC
5ABDWURRUF ANSARI     NLHP
6PAWAN KUMAR     RPI(A)
7RAM KISHUN NISHAD     SBSP
8SATYA NARAYAN URF SATNARAYAN     BEP
9OMPRAKASH CHATURVEDI     IND
10DILIP KUMAR     IND
11RAM NIVAS     IND
12LAL BIHARI     IND
13CHAUDHARY SANJAY SINGH PATEL     IND
14SHYAM SUNDER DAS CHAURASIA     IND
15HANUMAN     IND
CAIMPIYARGANJ-320     PIPRAICH-321     GORAKHPUR URBAN-322     GORAKHPUR
RURAL-323     SAHAJANWA-324
S24-64-UP-GORAKHPUR     1ADITYANATH     BJP
2MANOJ TIWARI MRIDUL     SP
3LALCHAND NISHAD     INC
4VINAY SHANKAR TIWARI     BSP
5AMAN         ASP
6JOKHAN PRASAD     EKSP
7DAYASHANKAR NISHAD     AD
8RAJBAHADUR     IJP
9RAJMANI     BEP
10RAJESH SAHANI     CPI(ML)(L)
11SRINATH     SBSP
12AJAY KUMAR     IND
13AWADHESH SINGH     IND
14OMPRAKASH SINGH     IND
15GOVIND     IND
16CHHEDILAL     IND
17NIRANJAN PRASAD     IND
18NEERAJ YADAV     IND
19DR BRIJESH MANI TRIPATHI     IND
20MANOJ TIWARI     IND
21RAKESH KUMAR     IND
22RAJAN YADAV MBA     IND
23RAMHIT NISHAD     IND
24LAL BAHADUR     IND
25VINOD SHUKLA     IND
26HARISHCHANDRA     IND
KHADDA-329     PADRAUNA-330     KUSHINAGAR-333     HATA-334     RAMKOLA-335
S24-65-UP-KUSHI NAGAR     1BRAMHA SHANKER     SP
2KU RATANJEET PRATAP NARAYAN SINGH     INC
3VIJAY DUBEY     BJP
4SWAMI PRASAD MAURYA     BSP
5ANIL         RPI(A)
6KISHOR KUMAR     IPP
7K KUMAR     PRBD
8JANGI         SBSP
9DHEERAJ SHEKHAR SHRIWASTAWA     RALOP
10BABU LAL     BRPP
11MATIULLAH     NLHP
12MADAN LAL     MADP
13AMEERUDDIN     IND
14JAGDISH     IND
15JAI GOVIND     IND
16DAROGA     IND
17RAMESH     IND
18RAM BRIKSH     IND
TAMKUHI RAJ-331     FAZILNAGAR-332     DEORIA-337     PATHARDEVA-338     RAMPUR
KARKHANA-339
S24-66-UP-DEORIA     1GORAKH PRASAD JAISWAL     BSP
2BALESHWAR YADAV     INC
3MOHAN SINGH     SP
4SHRI PRAKASH MANI TRIPATHI     BJP
5GANGA PRASAD KUSHWAHA     PRBD
6JAGDISH KUMAR VERMA     LPSP
7DHARMENDRA KUMAR     SBSP
8MOTI LAL KUSHWAHA SHASTRI     RSMD
9SAFAYAT ALI     PECP
10SARITA     ASP
11RAM KISHOR YADAV ALIAS VIDHAYAK     IND
12VIJAY JUAATHA     IND
CHAURI-CHAURA-326     BANSGAON-327     CHILLUPAR-328     RUDRAPUR-336
BARHAJ-342
S24-67-UP-BANSGAON     1KAMLESH PASWAN     BJP
2MAHA BEER PRASAD     INC
3SHARADA DEVI     SP
4SHREE NATH JI     BSP
5CHANDRIKA     RJPK
6RAMA SHANKER     PECP
7RAM PRAVESH PRASAD     EKSP
8HARILAL     BUM
9KU KUNJAWATI     IND
10MANOJ KUMAR     IND
11RADHEYSHYAM     IND
12RAMKAWAL     IND
13RAMSAKAL     IND
14RAMA PASWAN     IND
15VINAI KUMAR     IND
ATRAULIYA-343     NIZAMABAD-348     PHOOLPUR PAWAI-349     DIDARGANJ-350
LALGANJ-351
S24-68-UP-LALGANJ     1DAROGA PRASAD SAROJ     SP
2NEELAM SONKAR     BJP
3DR BALIRAM     BSP
4HAREE PRASAD SONKER     CPI
5MANBHAWAN     BRPP
6RAM DAYAL ALIAS MOHAN     SBSP
7ACHCHHELAL     IND
8URMILA DEVI     IND
9CHANDRA RAM ALIAS CHANDU SAROJ     IND
10DHARMRAJ     IND
11SUKHNAYAN     IND
GOPALPUR-344     SAGRI-345     MUBARAKPUR-346     AZAMGARH-347     MEHNAGAR-352
S24-69-UP-AZAMGARH     1AKBAR AHMAD DUMPY     BSP
2ARUN KUMAR SINGH     CPM
3DURGA PRASAD YADAV     SP
4RAMAKANT YADAV     BJP
5SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH     INC
6JAI JAI RAM PRAJAPATI     LPSP
7RAM BHAROS     BUM
8VINOD         JPS
9USMANA FARUQEE     IND
10KEDAR NATH GIRI     IND
11KHAIRUL BASHAR     IND
12DR JAVED AKHTAR     IND
13DAAN BAHADUR YADAV     IND
14YADUNATH     IND
15RAM UJAGIR     IND
16RAM SINGH     IND
MADHUBAN-353     GHOSI-354     MUHAMMADABAD- GOHNA-355     MAU-356
RASARA-358
S24-70-UP-GHOSI     1ATUL KUMAR SINGH ANJAN     CPI
2ARSHAD JAMAL ANSARI     SP
3DARA SINGH CHAUHAN     BSP
4RAM IQBAL     BJP
5SUDHA RAI     INC
6AKHILESH     JPS
7KAILASH YADAV     PECP
8RAMESH ALIAS RAJU SINGH     SBSP
9RAM BADAN KAUL     BSA
10LALJI RAJBHAR     BSD
11HARISH CHANDRA     RJPK
12ASHOK KUMAR     IND
13ZAKIR HUSSAIN     IND
14PALAKDHARI     IND
15RAKESH     IND
16SUJIT KUMAR     IND
BHATPAR RANI-340     SALEMPUR-341     BELTHARA ROAD-357     SIKANDARPUR-359
BANSDEEH-362
S24-71-UP-SALEMPUR     1DR BHOLA PANDEY     INC
2RAMASHANKAR RAJBHAR     BSP
3HARIKEWAL     SP
4IZHAR         PECP
5ZUBAIR         NELU
6JANG BAHADUR     BSD
7FATE BAHADUR     SBSP
8RAVISHANKAR SINGH PAPPU     JD(U)
9RAMCHARAN     PDF
10RAMDAYAL     JPS
11RAMNAWAMI YADAV     SWJP
12RAMASHRAY CHAUHAN     MOP
13SRIRAM     CPI(ML)(L)
14HARISHCHAND     EKSP
15AMEER     IND
16PARASURAM     IND
17FULENDRA     IND
18MAN JI     IND
19MAHESH     IND
20RAJENDRA ALIAS RAJAN     IND
21VINDHACHAL     IND
22SHAILENDRA     IND
23SATISH     IND
24SARVDAMAN     IND
25SANJAY     IND
PHEPHANA-360     BALLIA NAGAR-361     BAIRIA-363     ZAHOORABAD-377
MOHAMMADABAD-378
S24-72-UP-BALLIA     1NEERAJ SHEKHAR     SP
2MANOJ SINHA     BJP
3SANGRAM SINGH YADAV     BSP
4ARVIND KUMAR GOND     GGP
5KANHAIYA PRAJAPATI     RSMD
6NARAYAN RAJBHAR     BSD
7RAJESH     JPS
8RAMSAKAL     SBSP
9ANANT         IND
10GANGADYAL     IND
11DIWAKAR     IND
12RAMJI         IND
13LALBABU     IND
14SHESHNATH     IND
15SHANKER RAM RAWAT     IND
16HARIHAR     IND
BADLAPUR-364     SHAHGANJ-365     JAUNPUR-366     MALHANI-367     MUNGRA
BADSHAHPUR-368
S24-73-UP-JAUNPUR     1DHANANJAY SINGH     BSP
2PARAS NATH YADAVA     SP
3SEEMA         BJP
4ACHHEYLAL NISHAD     NELU
5GIRAJA SHANKAR YADAVA     GGP
6GEETA SINGH     RDMP
7BAHADUR SONKAR     IJP
8RAVI SHANKAR     LJP
9RAJKISHUN     RSBP
10RAJESH SO RAMESHCHANDRA     AD
11RAJESH SO RAMYAGYA     EKSP
12RAMCHANDAR     RASD
13SHEETALA PRASAD     RSP
14AJAY KASYAP  GUDDU     IND
15JAGDISH CHANDRA ASTHANA     IND
16TASLEEM AHMED REHMANI     IND
MACHHLISHAHR-369     MARIYAHU-370     ZAFRABAD-371     KERAKAT-372
PINDRA-384
S24-74-UP-MACHHLISHAHR     1KAMLA KANT GAUTAM KK GAUTAM     BSP
2TUFANI SAROJ     SP
3RAJ BAHADUR     INC
4VIDYASAGAR SONKER     BJP
5KRISHNA SEWAK SONKER     JPS
6RAM CHARITRA     AD
7VIJAYEE RAM     ASP
8SHEOMURAT RAM     GGP
9SUKHRAJ DINKAR     RSBP
10SUSHMA     RAD
11DINESH KUMAR     IND
12BALJIT     IND
13RAM DAWAR GAUTAM     IND
14VINOD KUMAR     IND
15SHYAM BIHARI KANNAUJIYA     IND
16SOHAN     IND
JAKHANIAN-373     SAIDPUR-374     GHAZIPUR-375     JANGIPUR-376     ZAMANIA-379
S24-75-UP-GHAZIPUR     1AFZAL ANSARI     BSP
2PRABHUNATH     BJP
3RADHEY MOHAN SINGH     SP
4SURAJ RAM BAGI     CPI
5ISHWARI PRASAD KUSHAWAHA     CPI(ML)(L)
6DINESH         RSMD
7NANDLAL     ASP
8SHYAM NARAYAN     RASD
9SATISH SHANKAR JAISAWAL     NLHP
10SARAJU     LD
11SURENDRA     JPS
12ANIL         IND
13ASHOK DRASHOK KUMAR SRIVASTAVA     IND
14BRAJENDRA NATH URF BIJENDRA     IND
15RAJESH     IND
MUGHALSARAI-380     SAKALDIHA-381     SAIYADRAJA-382     AJAGARA-385
SHIVPUR-386
S24-76-UP-CHANDAULI     1KAILASH NATH SINGH YADAV     BSP
2JAWAHAR LAL JAISAWAL     BJP
3RAMKISHUN     SP
4SHAILENDRA KUMAR     INC
5CHANDRASHEKHAR     RPI
6JAWAHIR     PMSP
7JOKHU         PDFO
8TULASI         SBSP
9RAJNATH     BRPP
10RAJESH SINGH     KKJHS
11RAMAWATAR SHARMA ADVOCATE     MADP
12RAMSEWAK YADAV     RLP
13LALLAN     IJP
14SURENDRA PRATAP     JBSP
15DEVAROO     IND
16MUNNI LAL     IND
17SURAFARAJ AHMAD     IND
18HARI LAL     IND
ROHANIYA-387     VARANASI NORTH-388     VARANASI SOUTH-389     VARANASI
CANTT.-390     SEVAPURI-391
S24-77-UP-VARANASI     1AJAY RAI     SP
2MUKHTAR ANSARI     BSP
3DR MURLI MANOHAR JOSHI     BJP
4DR RAJESH KUMAR MISHRA     INC
5AWADHESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA     RSMD
6USHA SINGH     RAD
7KISHUN LAL     IJP
8VIJAY PRAKASH JAISWAL     AD
9ER SHYAM LAL VISHWAKARMA     MADP
10ANAND KUMAR AMBASTHA     IND
11NARENDRA NATH DUBEY ADIG     IND
12PARVEZ QUADIR KHAN     IND
13PUSHP RAJ SAHU     IND
14RAJESH BHARTI     IND
15SATYA PRAKASH SRIVASTAVA     IND
PRATAPPUR-257     HANDIA-258     BHADOHI-392     GYANPUR-393     AURAI-394
S24-78-UP-BHADOHI     1DR AKHILESH KUMAR DWIVEDI     NCP
2GORAKHNATH     BSP
3CHHOTELAL BIND     SP
4DR MAHENDRA NATH PANDEY     BJP
5SURYMANI TIWARI     INC
6JAJ LAL     RKSP
7NANDLAL     VP
8RAMRATEE BIND     AD
9THAKUR SANTOSH KUMAR     RDMP
10SHAHID     PMSP
11GAURISHANKAR     IND
12JEETENDRA     IND
13TEJ BAHADUR YADAV ADVOCATE     IND
CHHANBEY-395     MIRZAPUR-396     MAJHAWAN-397     CHUNAR-398     MARIHAN-399
S24-79-UP-MIRZAPUR     1ANIL KUMAR MAURYA     BSP
2ANURAG SINGH     BJP
3BAL KUMAR PATEL     SP
4RAMESH DUBEY     INC
5AJAY SHANKER     GMS
6KAILASH     BSA
7KHELADI     GGP
8JAGDISH     AD
9PREM CHAND     PMSP
10RADHE SHYAM     BRPP
11LALJI         RAD
12LALTI DEVI     VP
13SHANKAR     CPI(ML)(L)
14SHYAM LAL     EKSP
15MOHD SAGIR     NLP
16TRILOK NATH VERMA     IJP
17ANOOP KUMAR     IND
18KRISHNA CHAND     IND
19KRISHNA CHAND SHUKLA     IND
20CHHABEELE     IND
21DANGAR     IND
22DULARI     IND
23MANIK CHAND     IND
24MUNNA LAL     IND
25RAM GOPAL     IND
26RAM RAJ     IND
27HANS KUMAR     IND
CHAKIA-383     GHORAWAL-400     ROBERTSGANJ-401     OBRA-402     DUDDHI-403
S24-80-UP-ROBERTSGANJ     1PAKAURI LAL     SP
2RAM ADHAR JOSEPH     INC
3RAM CHANDRA TYAGI     BSP
4RAM SHAKAL     BJP
5GULAB         PDFO
6CHANDRA SHEKHAR     JPS
7MUNNI DEVI     RSMD
8RAMESH KUMAR     AD
9SHRAWAN KUMAR     RWS
10RAMBRIKSHA     IND
MATHABHANGA-2     COOCH BEHAR UTTAR-3     COOCH BEHAR DAKSHIN-4
SITALKUCHI-5     SITAI-6     DINHATA-7     NATABARI-8
S25-1-WB-COOCH BEHAR     1ARGHYA ROY PRADHAN     AITC
2NIRANJAN BARMAN     BSP
3NRIPENDRA NATH ROY     AIFB
4BHABENDRA NATH BARMAN     BJP
5DALENDRA ROY     AMB
6HAREKRISHNA SARKAR     RPI
7KRISHNA KANTA BARMAN     IND
8NUBASH BARMAN     IND
9BANGSHI BADAN BARMAN     IND
10HITENDRA DAS     IND
TUFANGANJ-9     KUMARGRAM-10     KALCHINI-11     ALIPURDUARS-12     FALAKATA-13
MADARIHAT-14     NAGRAKATA-21
S25-2-WB-ALIPURDUARS     1ELIAS NARJINARY     BSP
2PABAN KUMAR LAKRA     AITC
3MANOJ TIGGA     BJP
4MANOHAR TIRKEY     RSP
5BILKAN BARA     SWJP
6KAMAL LAMA     IND
7JOACHIM BAXLA     IND
8THADDEUS LAKRA     IND
9PAULDEXION KHARIYA     IND
MEKLIGANJ-1     DHUPGURI-15     MAYNAGURI-16     JALPAIGURI-17     RAJGANJ-18
DABGRAM-PHULBARI-19     MAL-20
S25-3-WB-JALPAIGURI     1DWIPENDRA NATH PRAMANIK     BJP
2DR DHIRENDRA NATH DAS     NCP
3BARMA SUKHBILAS     INC
4MAHENDRA KUMAR ROY     CPM
5SANTI KUMAR SARKAR     BSP
6PABITRA MOITRA     AMB
7SATYEN PRASAD ROY     SWJP
8CHINMAY SARKAR     IND
9PRITHWIRAJ ROY     IND
10HARI BHAKTA SARDAR     IND
KALIMPONG-22     DARJEELING-23     KURSEONG-24     MATIGARA-NAXALBARI-25
SILIGURI-26     PHANSIDEWA-27     CHOPRA-28
S25-4-WB-DARJEELING     1JASWANT SINGH     BJP
2JIBESH SARKAR     CPM
3DAWA NARBULA     INC
4HARIDAS THAKUR     BSP
5ABHIJIT MAJUMDAR     CPI(ML)(L)
6NIRANJAN SAHA     AMB
7BAIDYANATH ROY     IPFB
8ARUN KUMAR AGARWAL     IND
9NITU JAI     IND
10RAM GANESH BARAIK     IND
ISLAMPUR-29     GOALPOKHAR-30     CHAKULIA-31     KARANDIGHI-32     HEMTABAD-33
KALIAGANJ-34     RAIGANJ-35
S25-5-WB-RAIGANJ     1AKHIL RANJAN MONDAL     BSP
2GOPESH CHANDRA SARKAR     BJP
3DEEPA DASMUNSI     INC
4BIRESWAR LAHIRI     CPM
5FAIZ RAHAMAN     RDMP
6MATIUR RAHMAN     JD(U)
7SULEMAN HAFIJI     CPI(ML)(L)
8ANIL BISWAS     IND
9ABDUL KARIM CHOWDHARY     IND
10UPENDRA NATH DAS     IND
11NACHHIR ALI PRAMANIK     IND
12MANAS JANA     IND
ITAHAR-36     KUSHMANDI-37     KUMARGANJ-38     BALURGHAT-39     TAPAN-40
GANGARAMPUR-41     HARIRAMPUR-42
S25-6-WB-BALURGHAT     1GOBINDA HANSDA     BSP
2PRASANTA KUMAR MAJUMDAR     RSP
3BIPLAB MITRA     AITC
4SUBHASH CHANDRA BARMAN     BJP
5GHOSH MRIDUL     AUDF
6CHAMRU ORAM     JMM
7PRAHALLAD BARMAN     IND
8SAMU SOREN     IND
HABIBPUR-43     GAZOLE-44     CHANCHAL-45     HARISCHANDRAPUR-46
MALATIPUR-47     RATUA-48     MALDAHA-50
S25-7-WB-MALDAHA UTTAR     1AMLAN BHADURI     BJP
2BIKASH BISWAS     BSP
3MAUSAM NOOR     INC
4SAILEN SARKAR     CPM
5MONOWARA BEGAM     RDMP
6ATUL CHANDRA MANDAL     IND
7ASIM KUMAR CHOWDHURY     IND
8AMINA KHATUN     IND
9MALLIKA SARKAR NANDY     IND
MANIKCHAK-49     ENGLISHBAZAR-51     MOTHABARI-52     SUJAPUR-53
BAISNABNAGAR-54     FARAKKA-55     SAMSERGANJ-56
S25-8-WB-MALDAHA DAKSHIN     1ABU HASEM KHAN CHOUDHURY     INC
2ABDUR RAZZAQUE     CPM
3DIPAK KUMAR CHOWDHURY     BJP
4DR BHARAT CHANDRA MANDAL     BSP
5MD EJARUDDIN     MUL
6MANJUR ALAHI MUNSHI     IND
7MD KAMAL BASIRUJJAMAN     IND
8RUSTAM ALI     IND
9SHYAMAL DAS     IND
SUTI-57     JANGIPUR-58     RAGHUNATHGANJ-59     SAGARDIGHI-60     LALGOLA-61
NABAGRAM-65     KHARGRAM-66
S25-9-WB-JANGIPUR     1DEBASHISH MAJUMDAR     BJP
2PRANAB MUKHERJEE     INC
3MRIGANKA SEKHAR BHATTACHARYA     CPM
4ZAMIRUL HASSAN     AUDF
5TAPAS SAHA     IND
BURWAN-67     KANDI-68     BHARATPUR-69     REJINAGAR-70     BELDANGA-71
BAHARAMPUR-72     NAODA-74
S25-10-WB-BAHARAMPUR     1ADHIR RANJAN CHOWDHURY     INC
2KUSHADHWAJ BALAKUSH BALA     BSP
3PRAMOTHES MUKHERJEE     RSP
4BIDYUT KUMAR HALDER     BJP
5ASHOKE KUMAR SINGHA     SP
6GHOSH BABU SAW     RPI(A)
7RABINDRA NATH ROY     RDMP
8BAIDYA NATH MONDAL     IND
BHAGABANGOLA-62     RANINAGAR-63     MURSHIDABAD-64     HARIHARPARA-73
DOMKAL-75     JALANGI-76     KARIMPUR-77
S25-11-WB-MURSHIDABAD     1ANISUR RAHAMAN SARKAR     CPM
2ABDUL MANNAN HOSSAIN     INC
3CHITTA RANJAN MONDAL     BSP
4NIRMAL KUMAR SAHA     BJP
5JAFORULLA MOLLA     AUDF
6MD SAHAZAMAL     SP
7ALAM MEHDI     IND
8KHADIJA BANU     IND
9CHANDAN KR MONDAL     IND
10SANTWANA HALDER SAHA     IND
11DRSUKUMAR GHOSH     IND
TEHATTA-78     PALASHIPARA-79     KALIGANJ-80     NAKASHIPARA-81     CHAPRA-82
KRISHNANAGAR UTTAR-83     KRISHNANAGAR DAKSHIN-85
S25-12-WB-KRISHNANAGAR     1JYOTIRMOYEE SIKDAR     CPM
2TAPAS PAUL     AITC
3DEBABRATA MAJUMDER     BSP
4SATYA BRATA MOOKHERJEE     BJP
5SK DAULAT HOSSAIN     NCP
6JAYASRI CHAKRABARTY     SP
7MD NIAMATULLAH MOLLICK     AUDF
8SHAHJAHAN MALLIK     MUL
9SUBIMAL SENGUPTA     CPI(ML)(L)
NABADWIP-84     SANTIPUR-86     RANAGHAT UTTAR PASCHIM-87     KRISHNAGANJ-88
RANAGHAT UTTAR PURBA-89     RANAGHAT DAKSHIN-90     CHAKDAHA-91
S25-13-WB-RANAGHAT     1BASUDEB BARMAN     CPM
2SATISH CHANDRA BISWAS     BSP
3SUKALYAN RAY     BJP
4SUCHARU RANJAN HALDAR     AITC
5NADIAR CHAND MONDAL     IND
6MANMATHA BISWAS     IND
KALYANI-92     HARINGHATA-93     BAGDA-94     BANGAON UTTAR-95     BANGAON
DAKSHIN-96     GAIGHATA-97     SWARUPNAGAR-98
S25-14-WB-BANGAON     1ASIM BALA     CPM
2KRISHNAPADA MAJUMDER     BJP
3GOBINDA CHANDRA NASKAR     AITC
4PRANITA ROY     BSP
5PROBIR KUMAR SARKAR     LJP
6SUKRITI RANJAN BISWAS     RPI(A)
7NISHIKANTA BISWAS     IND
AMDANGA-102     BIJPUR-103     NAIHATI-104     BHATPARA-105     JAGATDAL-106
NOAPARA-107     BARRACKPUR-108
S25-15-WB-BARRACKPORE     1ASHOK SONKAR     BSP
2TARIT BARAN TOPDAR     CPM
3DINESH TRIVEDI     AITC
4PRABHAKAR TEWARI     BJP
5SUBRATA SENGUPTA     CPI(ML)(L)
6GOPAL ROUT     IND
7DINESH KUMAR SHARMA     IND
8DHARMENDRA SINGH     IND
9BINOD KUMAR SINGH     IND
10RABI SHANKAR PAUL     IND
KHARDAHA-109     DUM DUM UTTAR-110     PANIHATI-111     KAMARHATI-112
BARANAGAR-113     DUM DUM-114     RAJARHAT GOPALPUR-117
S25-16-WB-DUM DUM     1AMITAVA NANDY     CPM
2TAPAN SIKDAR     BJP
3DULAL CHANDRA DAS     BSP
4SAUGATA RAY     AITC
5SANATAN RAY CHAUDHURI     LJP
6SUNIL PAL     IND
HABRA-100     ASHOKNAGAR-101     RAJARHAT NEW TOWN-115     BIDHANNAGAR-116
MADHYAMGRAM-118     BARASAT-119     DEGANGA-120
S25-17-WB-BARASAT     1ARUN KUMAR BISWAS     BSP
2BRATIN SENGUPTA     BJP
3KAKALI GHOSH DASTIDAR     AITC
4SUDIN CHATTOPADHYAY     AIFB
5WALIUR RAHAMAN     MUL
6BHASKAR GHOSH     AUDF
7KUMARI KAMALA DAS     IND
8SUBRATA BOSE     IND
BADURIA-99     HAROA-121     MINAKHAN-122     SANDESHKHALI-123     BASIRHAT
DAKSHIN-124     BASIRHAT UTTAR-125     HINGALGANJ-126
S25-18-WB-BASIRHAT     1AJAY CHAKRABORTY     CPI
2JIAUL HAQUE     BSP
3SK NURUL ISLAM     AITC
4SWAPAN KUMAR DAS     BJP
5CHHALAUDDIN MOLLA     LJP
6SIDDIQULLAH CHOWDHURY     AUDF
7SALIM MAKKAR     MUL
8RANJIT GAIN     IND
GOSABA-127     BASANTI-128     KULTALI-129     JOYNAGAR-136     CANNING
PASCHIM-138     CANNING PURBA-139     MAGRAHAT PURBA-141
S25-19-WB-JOYNAGAR     1ARABINDA HALDER     BSP
2NIMAI BARMAN     RSP
3NIRODE CHANDRA HALDER     BJP
4TARANGA MONDAL     AUDF
5TAPAS TARAFDAR     RDMP
6DR TARUN MONDAL     IND
7SHANKAR HALDAR     IND
8SHYAMAL NASKAR     IND
PATHARPRATIMA-130     KAKDWIP-131     SAGAR-132     KULPI-133     RAIDIGHI-134
MANDIRBAZAR-135     MAGRAHAT PASCHIM-142
S25-20-WB-MATHURAPUR     1ANIMESH NASKAR     CPM
2CHOUDHURY MOHAN JATUA     AITC
3BINAY KUMAR BISWAS     BJP
4SACHINDRA NATH NASKAR     BSP
5PRADIP MANDAL     RDMP
6PRANAB KUMAR JATUA     IND
7BIRESH CHANDRA MANDAL     IND
DIAMOND HARBOUR-143     FALTA-144     SATGACHHIA-145     BISHNUPUR-146
MAHESHTALA-155     BUDGE BUDGE-156     METIABURUZ-157
S25-21-WB-DIAMOND HARBOUR     1ABHIJIT DAS     BJP
2RN CHAUDHURY     BSP
3SAMIK LAHIRI     CPM
4SOMENDRA NATH MITRA     AITC
5HARUNAL RASHID KAJI     NCP
6SHYAMAL MONDAL     ABP
7SK NASIRUDDIN     SP
8DEBAJYOTI SENGUPTA     IND
9BECHU MONDAL     IND
10MAINUDDIN CHISTY     IND
BARUIPUR PURBA-137     BARUIPUR PASCHIM-140     SONARPUR DAKSHIN-147
BHANGAR-148     JADAVPUR-150     SONARPUR UTTAR-151     TOLLYGANJ-152
S25-22-WB-JADAVPUR     1KABIR SUMAN     AITC
2SANAT BHATTACHARYA     BJP
3SANDHAYA MONDAL     BSP
4SUJAN CHAKRABORTY     CPM
5PINTU SANPUI     BSP(K)
6SAIFUDDIN CHOUDHURY     PDS
7KAMALESH DAS     IND
8TUSHAR KANTI DAS     IND
9FAKIR MAHAMMAD LASKAR     IND
10RAMA BOSE     IND
KASBA-149     BEHALA PURBA-153     BEHALA PASCHIM-154     KOLKATA PORT-158
BHABANIPUR-159     RASHBEHARI-160     BALLYGUNGE-161
S25-23-WB-KOLKATA DAKSHIN     1JYOTSNA BANERJEE     BJP
2MAMATA BANERJEE     AITC
3PARESH CHANDRA ROY     BSP
4RABIN DEB     CPM
5ASIF MD     MUL
6LEELA HANS     IJP
7ARUN BISWAS     IND
8BARNALI MUKHOPADHYAY     IND
9JAYANTA DATTA     IND
10NISHAT KHAN     IND
11PIJUSH BANERJEE     IND
12RAM CHANDRA PRASAD     IND
13YUSUF JAMAL SIDDIQUE     IND
CHOWRANGEE-162     ENTALLY-163     BELEGHATA-164     JORASANKO-165
SHYAMPUKUR-166     MANIKTOLA-167     KASHIPUR-BELGACHHIA-168
S25-24-WB-KOLKATA UTTAR     1MD SALIM     CPM
2SHARAD KUMAR SINGH     BSP
3SUDIP BANDYOPADHYAY     AITC
4TATHAGATA ROY     BJP
5AVINASH KUMAR AGARWAL     LJP
6MD KASIM     MUL
7AMITABHA SEN     IND
8BALARAM SAHA     IND
9KANCHAN KUMAR SARKAR     IND
10KUMODH NARAYAN CHOWDHURY     IND
11SANDIPAN BISWAS     IND
12SATISH VYAS     IND
13SULTAN OSMAN     IND
BALLY-169     HOWRAH UTTAR-170     HOWRAH MADHYA-171     SHIBPUR-172     HOWRAH
DAKSHIN-173     SANKRAIL-174     PANCHLA-175
S25-25-WB-HOWRAH     1AMBICA BANERJEE     AITC
2POLLY MUKHERJEE     BJP
3RAMAVTAR GUPTA     BSP
4SWADESH CHAKRABORTTY     CPM
5BIJOY UPPADHYA     SP
6SUDARSHAN MANNA     STPI
7ABDUL MOMIN SEKH     IND
8GORA CHAND KOLEY     IND
9GOUTAM GAYEN     IND
10GAURAB SAHA     IND
11NARAD PANDIT     IND
12MANOJ KUMAR PASWAN     IND
13SANJAY MAKAL     IND
14SANATAN BAG     IND
15SUBARNA CHAKRABORTY     IND
ULUBERIA PURBA-176     ULUBERIA UTTAR-177     ULUBERIA DAKSHIN-178
SHYAMPUR-179     BAGNAN-180     AMTA-181     UDAYNARAYANPUR-182
S25-26-WB-ULUBERIA     1NARENDRA NATH MANDAL     BSP
2RAHUL CHAKRABARTY     BJP
3SULTAN AHMED     AITC
4HANNAN MOLLAH     CPM
5KAZI NABAB     AUDF
6RABIN DALUI     RDMP
7SEKH AORANGJEB     IND
8ASHISH DAS     IND
9SWAPAN DAS     IND
JAGATBALLAVPUR-183     DOMJUR-184     UTTARPARA-185     SREERAMPUR-186
CHAMPDANI-187     CHANDITALA-194     JANGIPARA-195
S25-27-WB-SRERAMPUR     1KALYAN BANERJEE     AITC
2DEBABRATA CHOWDHURY     BJP
3RAKESH KUMAR GAUTAM     BSP
4SANTASRI CHATTERJEE     CPM
5PRADIP GHOSH     AUDF
6AMITAVA BHATTACHARYA     IND
7CHIRANJIT NASKAR     IND
8SEKH SOLEMAN     IND
SINGUR-188     CHANDANNAGAR-189     CHUNCHURA-190     BALAGARH-191
PANDUA-192     SAPTAGRAM-193     DHANEKHALI-197
S25-28-WB-HOOGHLY     1DR CHUNI LAL CHAKRABORTY     BJP
2DR RATNA DENAG     AITC
3RUPCHAND PAL     CPM
4SURYYA KANTA RAY     BSP
5ARABINDA SEN     SP
6SAJAL ADHIKARI     CPI(ML)(L)
7SWAPAN MURMU     JDP
8ALOK PATHAK     IND
9SATYA GOPAL DEY     IND
HARIPAL-196     TARAKESWAR-198     PURSURAH-199     ARAMBAG-200     GOGHAT-201
KHANAKUL-202     CHANDRAKONA-232
S25-29-WB-ARAMBAGH     1PARIMAL BISWAS     BSP
2MALIK SAKTI MOHAN     CPM
3MURARI BERA     BJP
4SAMBHU NATH MALIK     INC
5SUBIR KUMAR MAJHI     JDP
TAMLUK-203     PANSKURA PURBA-204     MOYNA-206     NANDAKUMAR-207
MAHISHADAL-208     HALDIA-209     NANDIGRAM-210
S25-30-WB-TAMLUK     1ADHIKARI SUVENDU     AITC
2MANORANJAN MANDAL     BSP
3RAJYASHREE CHAUDHURI     BJP
4LAKSHMAN CHANDRA SETH     CPM
5JAHED SEK     AUDF
6MANIK CHANDRA MONDAL     LJP
7ABDUR REJAK SEIKH     IND
8BHAKTI ADHIKARY     IND
9SHEIKH NURUL ISLAM     IND
CHANDIPUR-211     PATASHPUR-212     KANTHI UTTAR-213     BHAGABANPUR-214
KHEJURI-215     KANTHI DAKSHIN-216     RAMNAGAR-217
S25-31-WB-KANTHI     1ADHIKARI SISIR KUMAR     AITC
2AMALESH MISHRA     BJP
3PATRA RASHBEHARI     BSP
4PRASANTA PRADHAN     CPM
PANSKURA PASCHIM-205     SABANG-226     PINGLA-227     DEBRA-229     DASPUR-230
GHATAL-231     KESHPUR-235
S25-32-WB-GHATAL     1GURUDAS DASGUPTA     CPI
2NARAYAN CHANDRA SAMAT     BSP
3NURE ALAM CHOWDHURY     AITC
4MATILAL KHATUA     BJP
5ARUN KUMAR DAS     JMM
6AHITOSH MAITY     RDMP
7LIYAKAT KHAN     IJP
NAYAGRAM-220     GOPIBALLAVPUR-221     JHARGRAM-222     GARBETA-233
SALBONI-234     BINPUR-237     BANDWAN-238
S25-33-WB-JHARGRAM     1AMRIT HANSDA     INC
2NABENDU MAHALI     BJP
3PANCHANAN HANSDA     BSP
4PULIN BIHARI BASKE     CPM
5CHUNIBALA HANSDA     JKP(N)
6ADITYA KISKU     IND
7SUNIL MURMU     IND
8SUSIL MANDI     IND
EGRA-218     DANTAN-219     KESHIARY-223     KHARAGPUR SADAR-224
NARAYANGARH-225     KHARAGPUR-228     MEDINIPUR-236
S25-34-WB-MEDINIPUR     1ASOK KUMAR GOLDER     BSP
2DIPAK KUMAR GHOSH     AITC
3PRADIP PATNAIK     BJP
4PRABODH PANDA     CPI
5NEPAL DAS     JMM
6MUKUL KUMAR MAITI     RDMP
7AMIT MOITRA     IND
8DE SUKUMAR     IND
9PARTHA ADDHYA     IND
10SANJAY MISHRA     IND
BALARAMPUR-239     BAGHMUNDI-240     JOYPUR-241     PURULIA-242     MANBAZAR-243
KASHIPUR-244     PARA-245
S25-35-WB-PURULIA     1ASIT BARAN MAHATO     BSP
2NARAHARI MAHATO     AIFB
3SHANTIRAM MAHATO     INC
4SAYANTAN BASU     BJP
5AJIT PRASAD MAHATO     JMM
6ABINASH SAREN     AMB
7ABHIRAM BESRA     JDP
8DHIREN CHANDRA MAHATO     JD(U)
9AMULYA RATAN MAHATO     IND
10UMACHARAN MAHATO     IND
11DHIREN RAJAK     IND
12BISAMBAR MURA     IND
13MUKESH SAHU     IND
14MRITYUNJAY MAHATO     IND
RAGHUNATHPUR-246     SALTORA-247     CHHATNA-248     RANIBANDH-249
RAIPUR-250     TALDANGRA-251     BANKURA-252
S25-36-WB-BANKURA     1ACHARIA BASUDEB     CPM
2GANESH RAY     BSP
3RAHUL BISWAJIT SINHA     BJP
4SUBRATA MUKHERJEE     INC
5ASWINI DULEY     JKP(N)
6TAPAN KUMAR PATHAK     RDMP
7PARESH MARANDI     JMM
8BYASDEB CHAKRABORTTY     JD(U)
9SUDHIR KUMAR MURMU     CPI(ML)(L)
10PRABIR BANERJEE     IND
11LAKSHMI SARKAR     IND
BARJORA-253     ONDA-254     BISHNUPUR-255     KATULPUR-256     INDUS-257
SONAMUKHI-258     KHANDAGHOSH-259
S25-37-WB-BISHNUPUR     1JAYANTA MONDAL     BJP
2MANIK BAURI     BSP
3SEULI SAHA     AITC
4SUSMITA BAURI     CPM
5TAPAS DAS     JMM
6UTTAM BOURI     IND
7UMA KANTA BHAKAT     IND
RAINA-261     JAMALPUR-262     KALNA-264     MEMARI-265     PURBASTHALI
DAKSHIN-268     PURBASTHALI UTTAR-269     KATWA-270
S25-38-WB-BARDHAMAN PURBA     1ANUP KUMAR SAHA     CPM
2ASHOKE BISWAS     AITC
3MUKUL BISWAS     BSP
4SANKAR HALDAR     BJP
5PEJUSH KUMAR SAHANA     CPI(ML)(L)
6RABINDRANATH BAG     AUDF
7RAJU MALIK     JDP
BURDWAN DAKSHIN-260     MONTESWAR-263     BURDWAN UTTAR-266     BHATAR-267
GALSI-274     DURGAPUR PURBA-276     DURGAPUR PASCHIM-277
S25-39-WB-BURDWAN – DURGAPUR     1NARGIS BEGAM     INC
2SHIBA PADA BISWAS     BSP
3SK SAIDUL HAQUE     CPM
4SYED ALI AFZAL CHAND     BJP
5ASHOKE TARU MALLICK     SP
6MADHU SUDAN SHET     AUDF
7SUMAN SARKAR     RDMP
8SHYAMALI ROY CHOWDHURY     IND
PANDABESWAR-275     RANIGANJ-278     JAMURIA-279     ASNSOL DAKSHIN-280
ASANSOL UTTAR-281     KULTI-282     BARABANI-283
S25-40-WB-ASANSOL     1AJAY SINGH     BSP
2GHATAK MOLOY     AITC
3BANSA GOPAL CHOWDHURY     CPM
4SURYYA RAY     BJP
5GOUTAM DAS     LJP
6JARASANDHA SINHA     IND
7JYOTIRMOY MAITY     IND
KETUGRAM-271     MANGALKOT-272     AUSGRAM-273     BOLPUR-286     NANOOR-287
LABHPUR-288     MAYURESWAR-290
S25-41-WB-BOLPUR     1ARJUN SAHA     BJP
2ASIT KUMAR MAL     INC
3VIDYASAGAR METE     BSP
4DOCTOR RAM CHANDRA DOME     CPM
5ADARA BAURI     AUDF
6NIHAR HAZRA     IND
7PROFESSOR BIJAY DALUI     IND
DUBRAJPUR-284     SURI-285     SAINTHIA-289     RAMPURHAT-291     HANSAN-292
NALHATI-293     MURARAI-294
S25-42-WB-BIRBHUM     1TAPAS MUKHERJEE     BJP
2BRAJA MUKHERJEE     CPM
3RADHESHYAM SINGH     BSP
4SATABDI ROY     AITC
5ASGAR ALI GAJLU     SP
6MOULANA NAJRUL HAK     AUDF
7SHIB RATAN SHARMA     JMM
PREMNAGAR-4     BHATGAON-5     PRATAPPUR-6     RAMANUJGANJ-7     SAMRI-8
LUNDRA-9     AMBIKAPUR-10     SITAPUR-11
S26-1-CG-SARGUJA     1DHAN SINGH DHURVE     BSP
2BAL SINGH     CPM
3BHANU PRATAP SINGH     INC
4MURARILAL SINGH     BJP
5ANOOP MINJ     JMM
6KUMAIT BDO     JD(U)
7BHUPNATH SINGH MARAVI     GGP
8RAMDEO LAKRA     CGVP
9RAMNATH CHERWA     SSD
10SOMNATH BHAGAT     LJP
11AMRIT SINGH MARAVI     IND
12JUGESHWAR     IND
13DHANESHWAR SINGH     IND
14SARJU XESS ORANW     IND
15SUNIL KUMAR SINGH KANHARE     IND
16SURAJ DEO SINGH KHAIRWAR     IND
JASHPUR-12     KUNKURI-13     PATHALGAON-14     LAILUNDRA-15     RAIGARH-16
SARANGARH-17     KHARSIA-18     DHARAMJAIGARH-19
S26-2-CG-RAIGARH     1BAHADUR SINGH RATHIA     BSP
2VISHNU DEO SAI     BJP
3HRIDAYARAM RATHIYA     INC
4DARSHAN SIDAR     GGP
5MEERA DEVI SINGH TIRKEY     CGVP
6SHIRACHAND EKKA     JMM
7AMRIT TIRKEY     IND
8KAMRISH SINGH GOND     IND
9SANJAY TIRKEY     IND
10HALDHAR RAM SIDAR     IND
AKALTARA-33     JAJGIR-CHAMPA-34     SAKRI-35     CHANDRAPURA-36
JAIJAIPUR-37     PAMGARH-38     BILAIGARH-43     KASDOL-44
S26-3-CG-JANJGIR-CHAMPA     1SHRIMATI KAMLA DEVI PATLE     BJP
2DAURAM RATNAKAR     BSP
3DRSHIVKUMAR DAHARIYA     INC
4BR CHAUHAN     RPI(A)
5NEELKANTH WARE     CSP
6PREM SHANKAR MAHILANGE URF PREM INDIA     LJP
7SANJEEV KUMAR KHARE     CGVP
8ANANDRAM GILHARE     IND
9CHAITRAM SURYAVANSHI     IND
10DRCHHAVILAL RATRE     IND
11MAYARAM NAT     IND
12RAMCHARAN PRADHAN ADHIWAKTA     IND
BHARATPUR-SONHAT-1     MANENDRAGARH-2     BAIKUNTHPUR-3     RAMPUR-20
KOBRA-21     KATGHORA-22     PALI-TANAKHAR-23     MARWAHI-24
S26-4-CG-KORBA     1KARUNA SHUKLA     BJP
2CHARANDAS MAHANT     INC
3VIJAY LAXMI SHARMA     BSP
4KEDARNATH RAJWADE     JMM
5CHAITI DEVI MAHANT     CSP
6BUDHWAR SINGH UIKEY     RGOP
7DR VIPIN SINHA     CGVP
8SANGEETA NIRMALKAR     BHPD
9HIRASINGH MARKAAM     GGP
10GEND DAS MAHANT     IND
11CHARAN DAS     IND
12PAWAN KUMAR     IND
13FULESHWAR PRASAD SURJAIHA     IND
14RAMDAYAL ORAON     IND
15RAMLAKHAN KASHI     IND
16SHAMBHU PRASAD SHARMA ADHIWAKTA     IND
17SATRUPA     IND
18SANTOSH BANJARE     IND
KOTA-25     LORMI-26     MUNGELI-27     TAKHATPUR-28     BILHA-29     BILASPUR-30
BELTARA-31     MASTURI-32
S26-5-CG-BILASPUR     1DILIP SINGH JUDEV     BJP
2ADVOCATE TRNIRALA     BSP
3DRRENU JOGI     INC
4UTTAM PRASAD DANSENA     SUSP
5DRGOJU PAUL     RPI(A)
6DRBALMUKUND SINGH MARAVI     GGP
7BALARAM SAHU     BHPD
8MUKESH KUMAR SAHU     JMM
9SAPNA CHAKRABORTY     LJP
10ARJUN SHRIVAS GANGUAA     IND
11ANUJ DHRITLAHRE     IND
12ABDUL HAMID SIDDIQUE     IND
13ASHOK SHRIVASTAVA     IND
14UMESH SINGH     IND
15TUKLAL GARG     IND
16DAYA DAS LAHRE     IND
17DRDAYA RAM DAYAL     IND
18DILIP KUMAR     IND
19DILIP GUPTA     IND
20DILIP SINGH     IND
21MANOJ KUMAR BIRKO     IND
22RAMESH AHUJA     IND
23RAMESH KUMAR LAHARE     IND
24RAJENDRA SAHU     IND
25RAJESH PRATAP     IND
26RAMBILAS SHARMA     IND
27BPVISWAKARMA     IND
28SHYAM BIHARI TRIVEDI     IND
PANDARIYA-71     KAWARGHA-72     KHAIRAGARH-73     DONGARGARH-74
RAJNANDGAON-75     DONGARGAON-76     KHUJJI-77     MOHALA-MANPUR-78
S26-6-CG-RAJNANDGAON     1DEVWRAT SINGH     INC
2PRADHUMAN NETAM     BSP
3MADHUSUDAN YADAV     BJP
4GANGARAM NISHAD     EKSP
5NARAD KHOTHALIYA     CGVP
6AJAY JAISWAL     IND
7AJAY PALI     IND
8JALAL MOHAMMAD QURESHI     IND
9DERHARAM LODHI     IND
10DILIP RATHOR SAMPADAK     IND
11BHAG CHAND VAIDHYA     IND
12MADAN YADAV     IND
13MANGAL DAS BANGARE     IND
14DRYADAV PRACHARYA     IND
PATAN-62     DURG-RURAL-63     DURG-CITY-64     DURG-NAGAR-65     VAISHALI
NAGAR-66     AHIWARA-67     SAJA-68     BEMETARA-69     NAWAGARH-70
S26-7-CG-DURG     1PRADEEP CHOUBEY     INC
2RAGHUNANDAN SAHU     BSP
3SAROJ PANDEY     BJP
4DEVIDAS KURRE     CVKP
5DR PANKAJ GOSOMI PANDIT     RPI
6ANAND GAUTAM     IND
7TARACHAND SAHU     IND
8TARACHAND SAHU     IND
9TARACHAND SAHU     IND
10MASOOD KHAN     IND
11RATAN KUMAR KSHETRAPAL     IND
12RAJENDRA KUMAR SAHU     IND
13LAXMAN PRASAD     IND
14GURU DADA LOKESH MAHARAJ     IND
15SHITKARAN MHILWAR     IND
BALODA BAZAR-45     BHATAPARA-46     DHARSIWA-47     RAIPUR RURAL-48     RAIPUR
CITY WEST-49     RAIPUR CITY NORTH-50     RAIPUR CITY SOUTH-51     ARANG-52
ABHANPUR-53
S26-8-CG-RAIPUR     1BHUPESH BAGHEL     INC
2RAMESH BAIS     BJP
3VIDHYADEVI SAHU     BSP
4ER ASHOK TAMRAKAR     JCGP
5IMRRAN PASHA     LSWP
6PR KHUNTE     CGVP
7MADHUSUDAN MISHRA     ABHM
8SHAILENDRA BANJARE SHAKTIPUTRA     SSBD
9SHANKAR LAL VARANDANI     PPOI
10HARGUN MEGHWANI     ABSSP
11ARUN HARPAL     IND
12JAFAR HUSSAIN BABABHAI PURVA MUTVALLI     IND
13MOH JILANI ALIAS TANI     IND
14NAND KISHOR DEEP     IND
15NARESH BHISHMDEV DHIDHI     IND
16NAVIN GUPTA     IND
17NARAD NISHAD     IND
18PRAVEEN JAIN     IND
19BHARAT BHUSHAN PANDEY     IND
20MATHURA PRASAD TANDON     IND
21YASHWANT SAHU     IND
22RAJENDRA KUMAR SAHU     IND
23RAJENDRA SINGH THAKUR ADVOCATE     IND
24RAMKRISHNA VERMA     IND
25RAMCHARAN YADAV     IND
26SHOBHARAM GILHARE     IND
27SIYARAM DHRITLAHARE     IND
28SMT SUSIL BAI BANJARE     IND
29SYED RASHID ALI     IND
30SANJAY BAGHEL     IND
31HAIDAR BHATI     IND
32SHRIKANT KASER     IND
SARAIPALI-39     BASNA-40     KHALLARI-41     MAHASAMUND-42     RAJIM-54
BINDRANAWAGARH-55     KURUD-57     DHAMTARI-58
S26-9-CG-MAHASAMUND     1CHANDULAL SAHU CHANDU BHAIYA     BJP
2MOTILAL     BSP
3MOTILAL SAHU     INC
4DR ANAND MATAWALE GURUJI     LB
5KIRAN KUMAR DHRUW     JMM
6BAUDDH KUMAR KAUSHIK     CGVP
7DR LATA MARKAM     RPI(A)
8SHRIDHAR CHANDRAKAR PATEL     AD
9KHEDUBHARTI SATYESH     IND
10CHAMPA LAL PATEL     IND
11NARENDRA BHISHMDEV DHIDHI     IND
12NARAYANDAS INQALAB GANDHI     IND
13BHARAT DIWAN     IND
14RAMPRASAD CHAUHAN     IND
15SULTANSINGH SATNAM     IND
KONDAGAON-83     NARAYANPUR-84     BASTAR-85     JAGDALPUR-86     CHITRAKOT-87
DANTEWARA-88     BIJAPUR-89     KONTA-90
S26-10-CG-BASTAR     1AYTU RAM MANDAVI     BSP
2BALIRAM KASHYAP     BJP
3MANISH KUNJAM     CPI
4SHANKAR SODI     INC
5CHANDRA SHEKHAR DHRUV SHEKHAR     IND
6MAYARAM NETAM ALIAS FULSING SILADAR     IND
7SUBHASH CHANDRA MOURYA     IND
SIHAWA-56     SANJARI BALOD-59     DONDI LAHARA-60     GUNDERDEHI-61
ANTAGARH-79     BHANUPRATAPPUR-80     KANKER-81     KESHKAR-82
S26-11-CG-KANKER     1SMT PHOOLO DEVI NETAM     INC
2MIRA SALAM     BSP
3SOHAN POTAI     BJP
4JALSINGH SHORI     CSP
5N R BHUARYA     GMS
6BHOM LAL     AD
7MAYARAM NAGWANSHI     GGP
8G R RANA     JMM
9DEVCHAND MATLAM     IND
10PRAFUL MANDAVI     IND
11MAYARAM NETAM FULSINGH SILEDAR     IND
RAJMAHAL-1     BORIO-2     BARHAIT-3     LITIPARA-4     PAKHUR-5     MAHESHPUR-6
S27-1-JH-RAJMAHAL     1CHANDRA SHEKHAR AZAD     BSP
2JYOTIN SOREN     CPM
3THOMAS HASDA     RJD
4DEVIDHAN BESRA     BJP
5HEMLAL MURMU     JMM
6AAMELIYA HANSDA     RSP
7CHARAN MURMU     SHS
8DAUD MARANDI     SP
9SUKHWA URAON     RKSP
10SUNDAR TUDU     BHJAP
11SOM MARANDI     JVM
12STIPHEN MARANDI     JHJM
SHIKARIPARA-7     NALA-8     JAMTARA-9     DUMKA-10     JAMA-11     SARATH-14
S27-2-JH-DUMKA     1CHURKA TUDU     BSP
2PASHUPATI KOL     CPI
3RAMESH TUDU     RJD
4SHIBU SOREN     JMM
5SUNIL SOREN     BJP
6ARJUN PUJHAR     SP
7NIRMALA MURMU     RSP
8PHATIK CHANDRA HEMBRAM     AJSU
9BITIYA MANJHI     CPI(ML)(L)
10RAMESH HEMBROM     JVM
11RAMJIVAN DEHRI     SAP
12KALESHWAR SOREN     IND
13CHARLES MURMU     IND
14NANDLAL SOREN     IND
15PULICE HEMRAM     IND
16BIVISAN PUJHAR     IND
17CYRIL HANSDA     IND
18SONA MURMU     IND
19HOPNA BASKI     IND
JARMUNDI-12     MADHUPUR-13     DEOGHAR-15     POREYAHAT-16     GODDA-17
MAHAGAMA-18
S27-3-JH-GODDA     1IQBAL DURRANI     BSP
2DURGA SOREN     JMM
3NISHIKANT DUBEY     BJP
4FURKAN ANSARI     INC
5ASHOK SHARMA     JKP
6GEETA MANDAL     CPI(ML)(L)
7GOVIND LAL MARANDI     RSP
8JAWAHAR LAL YADAV     LJP
9NANDLAL YADAV     SP
10NIRANJAN PRASAD YADAV     RWS
11PRADEEP YADAV     JVM
12PRADEEP YADAV     SAP
13BINOD MEHARIA     BSA
14RAJ NARAYAN KHAWADE     AJSUP
15SANTOSH KUMAR RAY     AITC
16SURAJ MANDAL     JVD
17JAYSWAL MANJHI     IND
18JAHIR MUSTAKIM     IND
19MANOJ KUMAR MANDAL     IND
20MITHILESH PASWAN     IND
21MD MOAJJAM ALI CHANCHAL     IND
22SHANKAR PRASAD KESHARI     IND
23SANJEEV KUMAR     IND
SIMARIA-26     CHATRA-27     MANIKA-73     LATEHAR-74     PANKI-75
S27-4-JH-CHATRA     1ARUN KUMAR YADAV     JD(U)
2DHIRAJ PRASAD SAHU     INC
3NAGMANI     RJD
4SUGAN MAHTO     BSP
5KESHWAR YADAV     CPI(ML)(L)
6PARAS NATH MANJHI     ABMSD
7KP SHARMA     JVM
8SURENDRA YADAV     JKP
9INDER SINGH NAMDHARI     IND
10DHIRENDRA AGRAWAL     IND
11RATNESH KUMAR GUPTA     IND
KODARMA-19     BARKATHA-20     DHANWAR-28     BAGODAR-29     JAMUA-30     GANDEY-31
S27-5-JH-KODARMA     1TILAKDHARI PD SINGH     INC
2PRANAV KUMAR VERMA     RJD
3LAXAMAN SAWARNKAR     BJP
4BISHNU PRASAD BHAIYA     JMM
5SABHAPATI KUSHWAHA     BSP
6UMESH CHANDRA TRIVEDI     JKP
7PRAMESHWAR YADAV     RKSP
8BABULAL MARANDI     JVM
9RAJKISHOR PRASAD MODI     JVD
10RAJ KUMAR YADAV     CPI(ML)(L)
11HADTAL DAS     BSA
12ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA     IND
13KAMAL DAS     IND
14CHANDRA DHARI MAHTO     IND
15MANJOOR ALAM ANSARI     IND
16LAXAMAN DAS     IND
GIRIDIH-32     DUMRI-33     GOMIYA-34     BERMO-35     TUNDI-42     BAGHMARA-43
S27-6-JH-GIRIDIH     1AKLU RAM MAHTO     CPI
2TEKLAL MAHTO     JMM
3BIJAY SINGH     BSP
4RAVINDRA KUMAR PANDEY     BJP
5MD HIMAYUN ANSARI     RJD
6MRINAL KANTI DEV     SLP(L)
7RAVINDER MAHTO     JKP(N)
8SHIVA MAHTO     MCO
9SABA AHMAD     JVM
10INDRA DEV MAHTO     IND
11UMESH RISHI     IND
12NAND KISHOR PRASAD     IND
13BUDDHI NATH TIWARY     IND
14MAHAVIR PRASAD     IND
15MASOOM RAJA ANSARI     IND
16LALOO KEWAT     IND
17SHANKAR RAJAK     IND
BOKARO-36     CHANDANKYARI-37     SINDRI-38     NIRSA-39     DHANBAD-40
JHARIA-41
S27-7-JH-DHANBAD     1CHANDRASHEKHAR DUBEY     INC
2PASHUPATI NATH SINGH     BJP
3SAMARESH SINGH     BSP
4INDU SINGH     SAP
5JANARDAN PANDEY     AIFB
6DIN BANDHU SINGH     SLP(L)
7PAWAN KUMAR JHA     JD(S)
8PHUL CHAND MANDAL     JVM
9MKMANDAL     AMB
10AK ROY     MCO
11VIDESHI MAHATO     JVD
12VIRENDRA PRADHAN     LJP
13SUNIL KUMAR     IJP
14MD SULTAN     JKP
15HAFFIZUDDIN ANSARI     SP
16ABDUL MUSTAFA     IND
17KARTIK MAHATO     IND
18JAI PRAKASH SINGH     IND
19JAIRAM SINGH     IND
20JITENDRA KUMAR SINGH     IND
21PHUL CHAND MAHATO     IND
22BAMA PADA BAURI     IND
23MADHUSUDAN RAJHANS     IND
24MANILAL MAHATO     IND
25MANOJ GANDHI     IND
26MANOJ PANDEY     IND
27MUNSI HEMBRAM     IND
28RAVI RANJAN SINHA     IND
29SHANKAR RAWANI     IND
30SALIM KHAN     IND
31SADHUSHARAN GOPE     IND
32SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH     IND
ICHAGARH-50     SILLI-61     KHIJRI-62     RANCHI-63     HATIA-64     KANKE-65
S27-8-JH-RANCHI     1RAJENDRA SINGH MUNDA     CPM
2RAM TAHAL CHAUDHARY     BJP
3MD SARFUDDIN     BSP
4SUBODH KANT SAHAY     INC
5AKHTAR ANSARI     JVM
6AFSAR EMAM     JKPP
7MD AJAD ANSARI     NLHP
8JIPALAL SINGH MUNDA     JKP(N)
9DAYANAND GUPTA     JVD
10SURENDRA KUMAR SUMAN     SAP
11ANJANI PANDEY     IND
12AGAM LAL MAHTO     IND
13AFTAB ALAM     IND
14ARTI BEHRA     IND
15UPENDRA PD SRIVASTAVA     IND
16KESHAV NARAYAN BHAGAT     IND
17KAILASH PAHAN     IND
18JANARDAN TIWARI     IND
19JITENDRA MAHTO     IND
20DEVENDRA THAKUR     IND
21BIRSA HEMBRAM     IND
22RANJEET MAHTO     IND
23RAMPODO MAHTO     IND
24ROSHAN LAL MAHTO     IND
25ROSAN PRASAD     IND
26LAL BABA MASANI     IND
BAHARAGORA-44     GHATSHILA-45     POTKA-46     JUGASHLAI-47     JAMSHEDPUR
EAST-48     JAMSHEDPUR WEST-49
S27-9-JH-JAMSHEDPUR     1AJEET KUMAR     BSP
2ARJUN MUNDA     BJP
3SUMAN MAHTO     JMM
4ARVIND KUMAR SINGH     JVM
5ASHOK TRIPATHI     SP
6KINKAR GOUR     RASD
7KRISHN MURARI MISHRA     ABHM
8PARIKSHIT MAHATO     LJP
9MUBIN KHAN     BSA
10RAJ KAPOOR MAHATO     JVD
11SHARAT MAHATO     JKP(N)
12SHAILENDRA MAHTO     AJSU
13SHYAM NARAYAN SINGH     AITC
14SANDIP PAUL     JKP
15DR SUNARAM HANSDA     JDP
16HEMANT SINGH     AMB
17KRISHNA PRASAD     IND
18JOSAI MARDI     IND
19DILIP KALINDI     IND
20DILIP TUDU     IND
21PARAS NATH PRASAD     IND
22RAKESH KUMAR     IND
23RAJIV CHANDRA MAHATO     IND
24RAM CHANDRA PRASAD GUPTA     IND
25VICTOR A LAZARUS     IND
26SITARAM TUDU     IND
SARAIKELLA-51     CHAIBASA-52     MAJHGANON-53     JAGANATHPUR-54
MANOHARPUR-55     CHAKRADHARPUR-56
S27-10-JH-SINGHBHUM     1BARKUWAR GAGRAI     BJP
2BAGUN SUMBRUI     INC
3HIKIM CHANDRA TUDU     BSP
4PREM SINGH MUNDRI     CPI(ML)(L)
5MANGAL SINGH BOBONGA     JVM
6SUKH RAM JONKO     JDP
7ASHOK KUMAR TIU     IND
8MADHU KORA     IND
9HIKIM SOREN     IND
KHARASAWAN-57     TAMAR-58     KHUNTI-60     TORPA-60     SIMDEGA-70
KOLEBIRA-71
S27-11-JH-KHUNTI     1KARIYA MUNDA     BJP
2NEIL TIRKEY     INC
3MARSHAL BARLA     BSP
4THEODORE KIRO     JVM
5NITIMA BODRA BARI     JKP(N)
6NISHIKANT HORO     JKP
7ANAND KUJUR     IND
8UMBULAN TOPNO     IND
9KARLUS BHENGRA     IND
MANDAR-66     SISAI-67     GUMLA-68     BISHUNPUR-69     LOHARDAGA-72
S27-12-JH-LOHARDAGA     1JOKHAN BHAGAT     BSP
2RAMESHWAR ORAON     INC
3SUDARSHAN BHAGAT     BJP
4DEOSHARAN BHAGAT     AJSU
5BAHURA EKKA     JVM
6BHUNESHWAR LOHRA     LJVM
7RAMA KHALKHO     JHJAM
8ARJUN BHAGAT     IND
9ETWA ORAON     IND
10GOPAL ORAON     IND
11CHAMRA LINDA     IND
12JAI PRAKASH BHAGAT     IND
13NAWAL KISHOR SINGH     IND
14PADMA BARAIK     IND
15SUKHDEO LOHRA     IND
DALTONGANJ-76     BISHRAMPUR-77     CHATTARPUR-78     HUSSAINABAD-79
GARHWA-80     BHAWANATHPUR-81
S27-13-JH-PALAMAU     1KAMESHWAR BAITHA     JMM
2GHURAN RAM     RJD
3RADHA KRISHNA KISHORE     JD(U)
4HIRA RAM TUPHANI     BSP
5GANESH RAM     JKP
6JAWAHAR PASWAN     AJSUP
7NANDDEV RAM     JKP(N)
8PARVATI DEVI     MMM
9PRABHAT KUMAR     JVM
10RAJU GUIDE MAJHI     ABMSD
11RAM NARESH RAM     RASD
12BIRBAL RAM     RLD
13SATYENDRA KUMAR PASWAN     BSSPA
14SUSHMA MEHTA     CPI(ML)(L)
15JITENDRA RAM     IND
16NARESH KUMAR PASWAN     IND
17BRAJMOHAN RAM     IND
18BHOLA RAM     IND
19MUNESHWAR RAM     IND
20RAM PRASAD RAM     IND
21SUNESHWAR BAITHA     IND
BARHI-21     BARKAGAON-22     RAMGARH-23     MANDHU-24     HAZARIBAGH-25
S27-14-JH-HAZARIBAGH     1KISHOR KUMAR PANDEY     BSP
2BHUVNESHWAR PRASAD MEHTA     CPI
3YASHWANT SINHA     BJP
4SHIVLAL MAHTO     JMM
5SAURABH NARAIN SINGH     INC
6CHANDRA PRAKASH CHOUDHARY     AJSU
7DIGAMBER KU MEHTA     SP
8BRAJ KISHORE JAISWAL     JVM
9DEONATH MAHTO     IND
10MAHENDRA KISHORE MEHTA     IND
11MD MOINUDDIN AHMED     IND
12LALAN PRASAD     IND
13SNEHLATA DEVI     IND
PUROLA-1     YAMUNOTRI-2     GANGOTRI-3     GHANSHALI-9     PRATAPNAGAR-12
TEHRI-13     DHANOLTI-14     CHAKRATA-15     VIKASNAGAR-16     SAHASPUR-17
S28-1-UK-TEHRI GARHWAL     1JASPAL RANA     BJP
2BACHI RAM     CPM
3MUNNA SINGH CHAUHAN     BSP
4VIJAY BAHUGUNA     INC
5SHAILESH     UKKD
6ANJANA WALIA     RJSD
7BANO RANI     NLHP
8SHAILESH KUMAR VERMA     LJP
9SUDESH SHARMA     AD
10SUNDER LAL THAPLIYAL     VVS
11KEDAR SINGH     IND
12DR NAGENDRA DUTT JAGOODI     IND
13BARHM DEV JHA     IND
14RAM SINGH RAWAT     IND
15VIJAY NATH     IND
16SHIV NARAIN     IND
17SANJAY     IND
18HARISH WALIA     IND
BADRINATH-4     THARALI-5     KARNPRAYAG-6     KEDARNATH-7     RUDRAPRAYAG-8
DEOPRAYAG-10     NARENDRANAGAR-11     YAMKESHWAR-36     PAURI-37     SRINAGAR-38
S28-2-UK-GARHWAL     1ANAND PRAKASH     UKKD
2LT GENRETD TEJPAL SINGH RAWAT PVSM VSM     BJP
3RAJEEV AGARWAL     BSP
4LALITA PRASAD BHATT     CPI
5SATPAL MAHARAJ     INC
6INDRESH MAIKHURI     CPI(ML)(L)
7GANESH PANT     LJP
8R P DHYANI     ABHM
9MAHADEV     JKM
10RASHID KHAN     ANC
11ABBDUL KADIR     IND
12OM PARKASH     IND
13SHIV SINGH     IND
DHARCHULA-42     DIDIHAT-43     PITHORAGARH-44     GANGOLIHAT-45     KAPKOTE-46
BAGESHWAR-47     DWARAHAT-48     SALT-49     RANIKHET-50     SOMESHWAR-51
S28-3-UK-ALMORA     1AJAY TAMTA     BJP
2CHAMPEE ARYA     NCP
3PRADEEP TAMTA     INC
4BAHADUR RAM DHAUNI     BSP
5RANJIT VISHWAKARMA     UKKD
6GOPAL RAM     RPI(A)
7YASHPAL ARYA     LJP
8SUSHAMA     CPI(ML)(L)
9KIRAN ARYA     IND
10HARI RAMA     IND
LALKUWA-56     BHIMTAL-57     NAINITAL-58     HALDWANI-59     KALADHUNGI-60
JASPUR-62     KASHIPUR-63     BAJPUR-64     GADARPUR-65     RUDRAPUR-66
S28-4-UK-NAINITAL-UDHAMSINGH NAGAR     1NARAYAN PAL     BSP
2DR NARAYAN SINGH JANTWAL     UKKD
3PREM PRAKASH SINGH     SP
4BACHI SINGH RAWAT     BJP
5KC SINGH BABA     INC
6RISHI PAL SINGH     ABRS
7BAHADUR SINGH JANGI     CPI(ML)(L)
8MADAN SINGH MER     LJP
9RAIS AHMAD ANSARI     JD(S)
10SHEESHPAL SINGH ARYA     ANC
11BINDU GUPTA     IND
12MAHESH CHANDRA KANDPAL     IND
13MOUALANA YADE ILAHI     IND
14SITARAM     IND
DHARAMPUR-18     DOIWALA-23     RISHIKESH-24     HARDWAR-25     B.H.E.L.
RANIPUR-26     JWALAPUR-27     BHAGWANPUR-28     JHABRERA-29     PIRANKALIYAR-30
ROORKEE-31
S28-5-UK-HARDWAR     1AMBRISH KUMAR     SP
2SWAMI YATINDRANAND GIRI     BJP
3RAJKUMAR SAINI     UKKD
4SHAHZAD     BSP
5HARISH RAWAT     INC
6ASIF KHAN     AD
7RAJEEV GUPTA     RJSD
8RIASAT ALI     RPI(A)
9SUBHASH     MKD
10AJAY KATHURIA     IND
11ABBAS     IND
12VKKAMPANI     IND
13KULVEER SINGH     IND
14NATTHU RAM     IND
15MOHD MURSALEEN QURESHI     IND
16RANDHIR BHARAT     IND
17RAMSHARAN BHATT     IND
18SHAHIDA BEGAM     IND
19PT SHIVAM MAHARAJ     IND
20SUMER CHAND     IND
21SANJAY     IND
ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS-1
U01-1-AN-ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS     1SMTI R S UMA BHARATHY     NCP
2SHRI KULDEEP RAI SHARMA     INC
3SHRI P R GANESHAN     RJD
4SHRI TAPAN KUMAR BEPARI     CPM
5SHRI BISHNU PADA RAY     BJP
6SHRI M S MOHAN     BSP
7SHRI N K P NAIR     CPI(ML)(L)
8SHRI PRADEEP KUMAR EKKA     JDP
9SHRI T ALI     IND
10DR THANKACHAN     IND
11SHRI VAKIATH VALAPPIL KHALID     IND
CHANDIGARH-1
U02-1-CH-CHANDIGARH     1PAWAN KUMAR BANSAL     INC
2SATYA PAL JAIN     BJP
3HARMOHAN DHAWAN     BSP
4HAFFIZ ANWAR UL HAQ     RJD
5GOSWAMI VISHWA BHUSHAN BHARTI     JD(U)
6PARAS NATH     AD
7AJAY GOYAL     IND
8KAFIL AHMAD     IND
9KHEM LAL BANSAL     IND
10DARSHAN SINGH     IND
11DES RAJ     IND
12MAYA DEVI     IND
13RAM PAL HANS     IND
14S K SURI     IND
DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI-1
U03-1-DN-DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI     1DELKAR MOHANBHAI SANJIBHAI     INC
2PATEL NATUBHAI GOMANBHAI     BJP
3BIJ YOHANBHAI BHADIYABHAI     BSP
4KHULAT BHIKALYA VANSHYA     IND
5MISHAL LAXMANBHAI NAVASUBHAI     IND
DAMAN AND DIU-1
U04-1-DD-DAMAN & DIU     1TANDEL GOPALBHAI KALYANBHAI     NCP
2DAHYABHAI VALLABHBHAI PATEL     INC
3LALUBHAI PATEL     BJP
4RAMESHBHAI D SINGH     SP
5GOHEL GAUTAMKUMAR NATVARSINH     IND
6PANDEY DINESHBHAI     IND
7SINDE SHAILESHBHAI     IND
ADARSH NAGAR-4     SHALIMAR BAGH-14     SHAKUR BASTI-15     TRI NAGAR-16
WAZIRPUR-17     MODEL TOWN-18     SADAR BAZAR-19     CHANDNI CHOWK-20     MATIA
MAHAL-21     BALLIMARAN-22
U05-1-DL-CHANDNI CHOWK     1KAPIL SIBAL     INC
2MOHD MUSTAQEEM BALLO BHAI     BSP
3VIJENDER GUPTA     BJP
4AJAY MITTAL     AIFB
5ANIL GUPTA     BPC
6ABDUL SAMAD     RPIE
7KIRAN         SJP(R)
8GHANSHYAM MORWAL     DBP
9JAVED AHMED     MBP
10NARENDER SINGH     BSKRP
11DR P L PREMI     BVVP
12BHIM SINGH PURI     RSP
13RAN PAL SINGH     BGTD
14RAJ PAUL CHAUHAN     BPD
15RAJESH NAGAR     RDMP
16LABHU RAM GARG     RKSP
17LILA DEVI     RVNP
18VINOD DUKHIYA     ABHM
19SHAHIDA PARVEEN     UWF
20DR SITA RAM SHARMA     RWS
21SUHAIL AHMED     SP
22ASHOK KUMAR GOTEWALA     IND
23ASHISH SAXENA     IND
24IMAM RAJA NAQVI     IND
25OM PRAKASH THAKUR     IND
26ZAHEER AHMED     IND
27NASRIN BEGUM     IND
28PURAN CHAND     IND
29PREM NARAIN     IND
30BALRAM BARI     IND
31BASHIRUDDIN     IND
32BABU LAL BAIRWA     IND
33BEER SINGH     IND
34RANJEET KUMAR     IND
35RAJENDER SINGH CHANDELIYA     IND
36ROHIT KUMAR     IND
37LAIQ AHMED     IND
38VIJENDER KHARI     IND
39MOHD SHAFIQ     IND
40SANJAY KUMAR     IND
41SUNIL KUMAR     IND
BURARI-2     TIMARPUR-3     SEEMA PURI-63     ROHTAS NAGAR-64     SEELAMPUR-65
GHONDA-66     BABARPUR-67     GOKALPUR-68     MUSTAFABAD-69     KARAWAL NAGAR-70
U05-2-DL-NORTH EAST DELHI     1JAI PRAKASH AGARWAL     INC
2HAJI DILSHAD ALI     BSP
3BLSHARMA PREM     BJP
4ANIS AHMAD ANSARI     SP
5ISRAR KHAN     RPIE
6KALIRAM TOMAR     IJP
7GANESH PAL     BSKP
8PRAMOD TIWARI     MBP
9MANOHAR LAL     AWD
10SUSHIL KUMAR MISHRA     ABHM
11MOLANA ABDUSSAMI     IND
12MANAGER CHAURASIYA     IND
13PROF RN SINGH     IND
14MOHD SHEAR NABI CHAMAN     IND
15SANTOSH DEVI     IND
16MOHD HASNAIN     IND
JANGPURA-41     OKHLA-54     TRILOKPURI-55     KONDLI-56     PATPARGANJ-57     LAXMI
NAGAR-58     VISHWAS NAGAR-59     KRISHNA NAGAR-60     GANDHI NAGAR-61     SHAHDARA-62
U05-3-DL-EAST DELHI     1CHETAN CHAUHAN     BJP
2MOHAMMAD YUNUS     BSP
3SANDEEP DIKSHIT     INC
4ABDUL GAFFAR     LD
5AMIT KUMAR     SP
6PAWAN KUMAR     RPI(A)
7BAIJ NATH PRASAD PATHAK     ABHM
8VIJAY KUMAR SHARMA     BPD
9SUTAPA CHAKRABORTY     SHS
10ABDUL RAJJAQ     IND
11AMAR DASS     IND
12KUSUM BAHL     IND
13DR PREM SINGH     IND
14RAJ KUMAR JAISWAL     IND
15RAJ PAL SINGH     IND
16RAJAN     IND
17VIKRAM SETH     IND
KAROL BAGH-23     PATEL NAGAR-24     MOTI NAGAR-25     DELHI CANTT-38     RAJINDER
NAGAR-39     NEW DELHI-40     KASTURBA NAGAR-42     MALVIYA NAGAR-43     R. K.
PURAM-44     GREATER KAILASH-50
U05-4-DL-NEW DELHI     1AJAY MAKAN     INC
2TRILOK CHAND SHARMA     BSP
3VIJAY GOEL     BJP
4AAMER AHMED MADNI     SP
5JITENDAR KUMAR GUPTA     BPC
6NARESH CHANDER PAL     BSKRP
7NISHA BANO     ANC
8MAHARAJ KUMAR     DBP
9MURTAZA PHOOL     JD(S)
10RAJ KUMAR NAYYAR     PPOI
11RAJESH KUMAR SABHARWAL     JMM
12MAJOR SANGEETA TOMAR     YFE
13SANJEEV KUMAR MISHRA     RVNP
14SUDHIR KUMAR     BPD
15SUDHIR GANDOTRA     THPI
16SUNITA CHAUDHARY     UWF
17HARENDER     RKJP
18HARSH MALHOTRA     JKNPP
19AJAY PRAKASH HARIT     IND
20ANIL KUMAR GAUTAM     IND
21ASHUTHOSH KUMAR     IND
22KAPIL MITRA     IND
23KARAN KUMAR     IND
24KRISHAN KUMAR TYAGI     IND
25GHANSHYAM DASS     IND
26JAGAT SINGH CHAUHAN     IND
27DINESH KUMAR     IND
28PREM NARAYAN KHANDELWAL     IND
29BHAGWAN DAS     IND
30B B MALHOTRA     IND
31MANTU     IND
32RAMESH BHAGWAT     IND
33LACHHMAN DASS     IND
34LUKMAN KHAN     IND
35VED PRAKASH     IND
36SHIBAN KRISHAN RAZDAN     IND
37SHIV KUMAR SHAH     IND
38SAPNA RANI BEHL     IND
39SURENDER SINGH DABAS     IND
40HARKRISHAN DAS NIJHAWAN     IND
NERELA-1     BADLI-5     RITHALA-6     BAWANA-7     MUNDKA-8     KIRARI-9     SULTANPUR
MAJRA-10     NANGLOI JAT-11     MANGOL PURI-12     ROHINI-13
U05-5-DL-NORTH WEST DELHI     1KIRSHNA TIRATH     INC
2MEERA KANWARIA     BJP
3RAKESH HANS     BSP
4ARVIND KATARIA     AIBS
5GEETA         RPI(A)
6PAPPU SAGAR     IJP
7BABU LAL     ASP
8MATHURA PASWAN     CPIMLL
9DR MILIND BHARTI     NELU
10RAM KUMAR     BPC
11SUNIL KUMAR PARCHHA     SP
12HOTI LAL GANDHI     BSKRP
13INDER SINGH     IND
14DHARAM SINGH PARCHA     IND
15NARENDER PAL KASHYAP     IND
16HARBANS LAL     IND
MADIPUR-26     RAJOURI GARDEN-27     HARI NAGAR-28     TILAK NAGAR-29
JANAKPURI-30     VIKASPURI-31     UTTAM NAGAR-32     DWARKA-33     MATIALA-34
NAJAFGARH-35
U05-6-DL-WEST DELHI     1PROF JAGDISH MUKHI     BJP
2DEEPAK BHARDWAJ     BSP
3MAHABAL MISHRA     INC
4KRISHAN KUMAR SHARMA     BSKRP
5POONAM KUMARI SRIVASTAVA     JBP
6BAL KISHAN PAL     RALP
7SHYAM SUNDER JAIN     SP
8SUKHMENDER SINGH     RPI(A)
9DINESH JAIN     IND
10NIRMALA SHARMA     IND
11RAJESH SINHA     IND
12RAM KUMAR DABRIWAL     IND
13SUDARSHAN SINGH     IND
14SUVASH KUMAR CHOUDHARY     IND
15HAR GOBIND ARORA     IND
BIJWASAN-36     PALAM-37     MEHRAULI-45     CHHATARPUR-46     DEOLI-47     AMBEDKAR
NAGAR-48     SANGAM VIHAR-49     KALKAJI-51     TUGHLAKABAD-52     BADARPUR-53
U05-7-DL-SOUTH DELHI     1KANWAR SINGH TANWAR     BSP
2RAMESH KUMAR     INC
3RAMESH BIDHURI     BJP
4SHRICHAND TANWAR     CPI
5AK GUPTA     SP
6SF PURUSHOTTAM     LKJP
7BALMUKUND PANDEY     RJAP
8RAM SIRJAN BHAGAT     LPSP
9SANTOSH TRIPATHI     YVP
10HEMA MOHAN     RKJP
11KANTA PINGOLIA     IND
12BIRJU NAYAK     IND
13MOHD USMAN SIDDIQUI     IND
14SIYA NAND MANDAL     IND
15WING COMMANDER SURJIT SINGH     IND
LAKSHADWEEP-1
U06-1-LD-LAKSHADWEEP     1MUHAMMED HAMDULLA SAYEED AB     INC
2DR P POOKUNHIKOYA     NCP
3DR K P MUTHUKOYA     BJP
4LUKMANUL HAKEEM     CPM
MANNADIPET-1     THIRUBUVANAI-2     OUSSUDU-3     MANGALAM-4     VILLIANUR-5
OZHUKARAI-6     KADIRGAMAM-7     INDIRA NAGAR-8     THATTANCHAVADY-9     KAMARAJ
NAGAR-10
U07-1-PY-PUDUCHERRY     1RAMADASS M     PMK
2M SOMASUNDARAM     BSP
3NARAYANASAMY     INC
4VISWESWARAN M     BJP
5KAU ASANAA     DMDK
6S GOVINDASAMY     KDC
7S GNANAVEL     JMM
8S BALASUBRAMANIAN     CPI(ML)(L)
9PRADEEP ANIRUDDH     PPOI
10A RAJASEKAR     LJP
11ARUNACHALAM K     IND
12V RAJENDRAN     IND
13V RAMAMURTHY     IND
14KALIAMURTHY K     IND
15V SARAVANAN     IND
16M CHITTIBABU     IND
17SIVARAMAN V     IND
18G SUBRAMANIYAN     IND
19A SENKADIR     IND
20IM SEKAR     IND
21MUPPADAI MATHIMAHARAJA     IND
22DR R NARAYANAN     IND
23MANIMARAN     IND
24MOHAMED YOUSUF SA     IND
25MURUGAIYAN KS     IND
26V LINGAMURTHY     IND
27P VIJAYABASKAR     IND
28VEERAMUTHU A     IND

India’s 2009 General Elections: 2004 Distribution of the Raw Vote by Parliamentary Constituency in the 14th Lok Sabha

As the countdown begins to the end of the 2009 General Elections, those bored by the unending waffle from the talking-heads on TV may find of more interest some hard numbers from the previous General Elections in 2004 to the 14th Lok Sabha.

Excluding five constituencies, viz.,

ANDAMAN  NICOBAR ISLANDS-AN
CHANDIGARH-CH    DADRA  NAGAR HAVELI -DN
DAMAN AND DIU-DD    LAKSHADWEEP -LD

total valid votes for the remaining 538 Constituencies have been graphed and tabulated below:

totalvote2004byPC_21743_image001
SRIKAKULAM-AP    723,774
PARVATHIPURAM -AP    660,923
BOBBILI-AP    746,725
VISAKHAPATNAM-AP    965,740
BHADRACHALAM -AP    823,415
ANAKAPALLI-AP    782,106
KAKINADA-AP    832,284
RAJAHMUNDRY-AP    816,125
AMALAPURAM -AP    704,224
NARASAPUR-AP    768,537
ELURU-AP    896,946
MACHILIPATNAM-AP    755,314
VIJAYAWADA-AP    945,550
TENALI-AP    673,462
GUNTUR-AP    821,478
BAPATLA-AP    735,462
NARASARAOPET-AP    899,784
ONGOLE-AP    799,109
NELLORE -AP    836,502
TIRUPATHI -AP    850,787
CHITTOOR-AP    875,992
RAJAMPET-AP    691,329
CUDDAPAH-AP    819,201
HINDUPUR-AP    868,063
ANANTAPUR-AP    875,135
KURNOOL-AP    818,809
NANDYAL-AP    829,976
NAGARKURNOOL -AP    883,350
MAHABUBNAGAR-AP    866,550
HYDERABAD-AP    986,737
SECUNDERABAD-AP    973,288
SIDDIPET -AP    1,119,814
MEDAK-AP    901,015
NIZAMABAD-AP    782,439
ADILABAD-AP    831,337
PEDDAPALLI -AP    939,450
KARIMNAGAR-AP    874,498
HANAMKONDA-AP    831,926
WARANGAL-AP    921,872
KHAMMAM-AP    1,023,177
NALGONDA-AP    1,047,866
MIRYALGUDA-AP    962,599
ARUNACHAL WEST-AR    221,554
ARUNACHAL EAST-AR    163,374
KARIMGANJ -AS    671,491
SILCHAR-AS    608,233
AUTONOMOUS DIRICT -AS    401,377
DHUBRI-AS    863,592
KOKRAJHAR -AS    966,987
BARPETA-AS    762,681
GAUHATI-AS    881,775
MANGALDOI-AS    848,938
TEZPUR-AS    719,768
NOWGONG-AS    786,069
KALIABOR-AS    763,083
JORHAT-AS    666,835
DIBRUGARH-AS    631,240
LAKHIMPUR-AS    800,020
BAGAHA -BR    570,822
BETTIAH-BR    569,909
MOTIHARI-BR    679,090
GOPALGANJ-BR    694,492
SIWAN-BR    637,549
MAHARAJGANJ-BR    664,434
CHAPRA-BR    446,101
HAJIPUR -BR    773,597
VAISHALI-BR    748,759
MUZAFFARPUR-BR    784,096
SITAMARHI-BR    690,851
SHEOHAR-BR    666,398
MADHUBANI-BR    695,146
JHANJHARPUR-BR    704,243
DARBHANGA-BR    762,657
ROSERA -BR    713,798
SAMASTIPUR-BR    864,746
BARH-BR    864,102
BALIA-BR    632,343
SAHARSA-BR    738,280
MADHEPURA-BR    695,674
ARARIA -BR    652,439
KISHANGANJ-BR    813,315
PURNEA-BR    709,015
KATIHAR-BR    704,449
BANKA-BR    713,888
BHAGALPUR-BR    757,287
KHAGARIA-BR    676,017
MONGHYR-BR    838,216
BEGUSARAI-BR    678,667
NALANDA-BR    895,116
PATNA-BR    901,616
ARRAH-BR    787,399
BUXAR-BR    649,158
SASARAM -BR    697,268
BIKRAMGANJ-BR    733,986
AURANGABAD-BR    767,238
JAHANABAD-BR    863,843
NAWADA -BR    1,010,037
GAYA -BR    883,403
PANAJI-GA    254,819
MORMUGAO-GA    297,678
KUTCH-GJ    459,043
SURENDRANAGAR-GJ    455,554
JAMNAGAR-GJ    433,441
RAJKOT-GJ    538,626
PORBANDAR-GJ    490,480
JUNAGADH-GJ    658,706
AMRELI-GJ    475,646
BHAVNAGAR-GJ    444,831
DHANDHUKA -GJ    516,553
AHMEDABAD-GJ    548,559
GANDHINAGAR-GJ    845,576
MEHSANA-GJ    695,407
PATAN -GJ    538,157
BANASKANTHA-GJ    642,355
SABARKANTHA-GJ    654,471
KAPADVANJ-GJ    595,314
DOHAD -GJ    517,845
GODHRA-GJ    537,381
KAIRA-GJ    450,929
ANAND-GJ    591,240
CHHOTA UDAIPUR -GJ    556,516
BARODA-GJ    652,409
BROACH-GJ    680,795
SURAT-GJ    896,276
MANDVI -GJ    644,812
BULSAR -GJ    689,982
AMBALA -HR    847,725
KURUKSHETRA-HR    850,858
KARNAL-HR    818,927
SONEPAT-HR    737,119
ROHTAK-HR    662,049
FARIDABAD-HR    844,718
MAHENDRAGARH-HR    849,305
BHIWANI-HR    871,144
HISSAR-HR    769,851
SIRSA -HR    841,682
SIMLA -HP    528,655
MANDI-HP    669,552
KANGRA-HP    643,177
HAMIRPUR-HP    654,102
BARAMULLA-JK    334,770
SRINAGAR-JK    194,425
ANANTNAG-JK    150,219
LADAKH-JK    128,931
UDHAMPUR-JK    608,074
JAMMU-JK    821,670
BIDAR -KA    815,792
GULBARGA-KA    827,894
RAICHUR-KA    825,096
KOPPAL-KA    894,082
BELLARY-KA    950,328
DAVANGERE-KA    910,398
CHITRADURGA-KA    918,905
TUMKUR-KA    863,743
CHIKBALLAPUR-KA    931,128
KOLAR -KA    909,264
KANAKAPURA-KA    1,552,416
BANGALORE NORTH-KA    1,156,845
BANGALORE SOUTH-KA    800,649
MANDYA-KA    857,564
CHAMARAJANAGAR -KA    853,214
MYSORE-KA    957,267
MANGALORE-KA    791,572
UDUPI-KA    780,356
HASSAN-KA    912,195
CHIKMAGALUR-KA    819,254
SHIMOGA-KA    887,290
KANARA-KA    833,932
DHARWAD SOUTH-KA    864,810
DHARWAD NORTH-KA    810,552
BELGAUM-KA    893,902
CHIKKODI -KA    838,005
BAGALKOT-KA    868,472
BIJAPUR-KA    789,734
KASARAGOD-KL    901,603
CANNANORE-KL    860,998
BADAGARA-KL    828,533
CALICUT-KL    781,184
MANJERI-KL    907,283
PONNANI-KL    730,339
PALGHAT-KL    820,856
OTTAPALAM -KL    806,835
TRICHUR-KL    687,705
MUKUNDAPURAM-KL    723,009
ERNAKULAM-KL    658,916
MUVATTUPUZHA-KL    745,871
KOTTAYAM-KL    705,776
IDUKKI-KL    729,426
ALLEPPEY-KL    730,096
MAVELIKARA-KL    644,614
ADOOR -KL    684,434
QUILON-KL    705,482
CHIRAYINKIL-KL    669,639
TRIVANDRUM-KL    763,829
MORENA -MP    487,443
BHIND-MP    606,358
GWALIOR-MP    564,692
GUNA-MP    668,393
SAGAR -MP    479,443
KHAJURAHO-MP    772,442
DAMOH-MP    591,218
SATNA-MP    610,602
REWA-MP    630,747
SIDHI -MP    457,209
SHAHDOL -MP    509,340
BALAGHAT-MP    609,321
MANDLA -MP    588,269
JABALPUR-MP    571,395
SEONI-MP    599,553
CHHINDWARA-MP    754,637
BETUL-MP    547,702
HOSHANGABAD-MP    634,343
BHOPAL-MP    858,463
VIDISHA-MP    656,555
RAJGARH-MP    599,229
SHAJAPUR -MP    720,241
KHANDWA-MP    605,295
KHARGONE-MP    652,254
DHAR -MP    703,372
INDORE-MP    854,503
UJJAIN -MP    720,780
JHABUA -MP    628,903
MANDSAUR-MP    776,538
RAJAPUR-MH    480,535
RATNAGIRI-MH    560,976
KOLABA-MH    793,445
MUMBAI SOUTH-MH    274,358
MUMBAI SOUTH CENTRAL-MH    347,972
MUMBAI NORTH CENTRAL-MH    514,593
MUMBAI NORTH EAST-MH    925,659
MUMBAI NORTH WEST-MH    747,687
MUMBAI NORTH-MH    1,119,342
THANE-MH    1,313,252
DAHANU -MH    683,353
NASHIK-MH    656,525
MALEGAON -MH    590,772
DHULE -MH    455,571
NANDURBAR -MH    639,907
ERANDOL-MH    609,800
JALGAON-MH    616,969
BULDHANA -MH    761,264
AKOLA-MH    735,372
WASHIM-MH    720,723
AMRAVATI-MH    676,421
RAMTEK-MH    647,483
NAGPUR-MH    792,451
BHANDARA-MH    680,476
CHIMUR-MH    775,523
CHANDRAPUR-MH    841,144
WARDHA-MH    626,105
YAVATMAL-MH    663,978
HINGOLI-MH    728,325
NANDED-MH    800,145
PARBHANI-MH    675,985
JALNA-MH    756,365
AURANGABAD-MH    912,571
BEED-MH    884,234
LATUR-MH    822,355
OSMANABAD -MH    637,933
SHOLAPUR-MH    656,801
PANDHARPUR -MH    689,127
AHMEDNAGAR-MH    687,722
KOPARGAON-MH    668,700
KHED-MH    732,045
PUNE-MH    769,018
BARAMATI-MH    893,331
SATARA-MH    675,012
KARAD-MH    714,523
SANGLI-MH    692,999
ICHALKARANJI-MH    791,087
KOLHAPUR-MH    813,344
INNER MANIPUR-MN    416,406
OUTER MANIPUR -MN    619,151
SHILLONG-ML    367,780
TURA-ML    311,113
MIZORAM -MZ    348,546
NAGALAND-NL    954,719
MAYURBHANJ -OR    695,997
BALASORE-OR    947,569
BHADRAK -OR    932,276
JAJPUR -OR    876,208
KENDRAPARA-OR    836,265
CUTTACK-OR    820,302
JAGATSINGHPUR-OR    926,511
PURI-OR    888,955
BHUBANESWAR-OR    853,005
ASKA-OR    680,381
BERHAMPUR-OR    719,379
KORAPUT -OR    735,667
NOWRANGPUR -OR    780,728
KALAHANDI-OR    754,128
PHULBANI -OR    787,293
BOLANGIR-OR    728,378
SAMBALPUR-OR    810,601
DEOGARH-OR    823,301
DHENKANAL-OR    790,367
SUNDARGARH -OR    732,351
KEONJHAR -OR    814,662
GURDASPUR-PB    785,834
AMRITSAR-PB    711,820
TARN TARAN-PB    717,375
JULLUNDUR-PB    741,739
PHILLAUR -PB    722,537
HOSHIARPUR-PB    655,691
ROPAR -PB    790,221
PATIALA-PB    874,131
LUDHIANA-PB    869,927
SANGRUR-PB    836,818
BHATINDA -PB    763,195
FARIDKOT-PB    893,144
FEROZEPUR-PB    866,640
GANGANAGAR -RJ    722,938
BIKANER-RJ    1,077,364
CHURU-RJ    833,976
JHUNJHUNU-RJ    681,505
SIKAR-RJ    779,471
JAIPUR-RJ    881,075
DAUSA-RJ    716,901
ALWAR-RJ    542,876
BHARATPUR-RJ    576,987
BAYANA -RJ    490,633
SAWAI MADHOPUR -RJ    665,594
AJMER-RJ    529,549
TONK -RJ    594,358
KOTA-RJ    580,105
JHALAWAR-RJ    567,611
BANSWARA -RJ    666,098
SALUMBER -RJ    629,834
UDAIPUR-RJ    759,698
CHITTORGARH-RJ    672,477
BHILWARA-RJ    619,696
PALI-RJ    542,738
JALORE -RJ    655,868
BARMER-RJ    1,048,698
JODHPUR-RJ    864,927
NAGAUR-RJ    631,471
SIKKIM-SK    219,648
MADRAS NORTH-TN    915,865
MADRAS CENTRAL-TN    512,820
MADRAS SOUTH-TN    934,548
SRIPERUMBUDUR -TN    843,101
CHENGALPATTU-TN    759,076
ARAKKONAM-TN    775,439
VELLORE-TN    746,914
TIRUPPATTUR-TN    776,085
VANDAVASI-TN    703,269
TINDIVANAM-TN    726,923
CUDDALORE-TN    760,180
CHIDAMBARAM -TN    743,410
DHARMAPURI-TN    709,991
KRISHNAGIRI-TN    738,737
RASIPURAM -TN    695,976
SALEM-TN    741,437
TIRUCHENGODE-TN    864,451
NILGIRIS-TN    780,890
GOBICHETTIPALAYAM-TN    680,103
COIMBATORE-TN    878,866
POLLACHI -TN    642,999
PALANI-TN    695,442
DINDIGUL-TN    690,231
MADURAI-TN    739,680
PERIYAKULAM-TN    700,534
KARUR-TN    743,592
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI-TN    708,137
PERAMBALUR -TN    707,028
MAYILADUTURAI-TN    695,627
NAGAPATTINAM -TN    751,436
THANJAVUR-TN    708,724
PUDUKKOTTAI-TN    820,271
SIVAGANGA-TN    667,208
RAMANATHAPURAM-TN    674,387
SIVAKASI-TN    830,643
TIRUNELVELI-TN    633,782
TENKASI -TN    712,150
TIRUCHENDUR-TN    631,008
NAGERCOIL-TN    673,555
TRIPURA WEST-TR    701,159
TRIPURA EAST -TR    623,094
BIJNOR -UP    705,737
AMROHA-UP    885,159
MORADABAD-UP    655,175
RAMPUR-UP    810,596
SAMBHAL-UP    759,384
BUDAUN-UP    590,009
AONLA-UP    536,458
BAREILLY-UP    822,848
PILIBHIT-UP    677,107
SHAHJAHANPUR-UP    633,853
KHERI-UP    706,718
SHAHABAD-UP    579,629
SITAPUR-UP    596,569
MISRIKH -UP    550,849
HARDOI -UP    522,103
LUCKNOW-UP    578,556
MOHANLALGANJ -UP    571,879
UNNAO-UP    547,566
RAE BARELI-UP    643,560
PRATAPGARH-UP    572,548
AMETHI-UP    589,596
SULTANPUR-UP    721,049
AKBARPUR -UP    741,572
FAIZABAD-UP    686,599
BARA BANKI -UP    540,251
KAISERGANJ-UP    569,950
BAHRAICH-UP    549,537
BALRAMPUR-UP    698,106
GONDA-UP    606,654
BASTI -UP    576,404
DOMARIAGANJ-UP    643,129
KHALILABAD-UP    700,715
BANSGAON -UP    632,109
GORAKHPUR-UP    689,248
MAHARAJGANJ-UP    746,622
PADRAUNA-UP    790,050
DEORIA-UP    729,788
SALEMPUR-UP    669,623
BALLIA-UP    619,762
GHOSI-UP    721,582
AZAMGARH-UP    711,430
LALGANJ -UP    763,618
MACHHLISHAHR-UP    676,371
JAUNPUR-UP    713,014
SAIDPUR -UP    711,340
GHAZIPUR-UP    869,184
CHANDAULI-UP    704,435
VARANASI-UP    633,077
ROBERTSGANJ -UP    724,824
MIRZAPUR-UP    728,015
PHULPUR-UP    755,222
ALLAHABAD-UP    656,498
CHAIL -UP    555,376
FATEHPUR-UP    506,699
BANDA-UP    526,335
HAMIRPUR-UP    604,099
JHANSI-UP    819,646
JALAUN -UP    579,777
GHATAMPUR -UP    504,766
BILHAUR-UP    641,397
KANPUR-UP    618,721
ETAWAH-UP    703,946
KANNAUJ-UP    758,627
FARRUKHABAD-UP    665,435
MAINPURI-UP    719,918
JALESAR-UP    650,356
ETAH-UP    587,118
FIROZABAD -UP    531,363
AGRA-UP    642,719
MATHURA-UP    602,187
HATHRAS -UP    492,135
ALIGARH-UP    633,685
KHURJA -UP    600,704
BULANDSHAHR-UP    685,261
HAPUR-UP    799,736
MEERUT-UP    697,484
BAGHPAT-UP    656,900
MUZAFFARNAGAR-UP    862,408
KAIRANA-UP    816,726
SAHARANPUR-UP    990,415
COOCH BEHAR -WB    952,563
ALIPURDUARS -WB    840,836
JALPAIGURI-WB    890,105
DARJEELING-WB    888,083
RAIGANJ-WB    917,582
BALURGHAT -WB    925,631
MALDA-WB    849,111
JANGIPUR-WB    883,128
MURSHIDABAD-WB    1,007,221
BERHAMPORE-WB    991,515
KRISHNAGAR-WB    930,294
NABADWIP -WB    1,177,771
BARASAT-WB    1,153,160
BASIRHAT-WB    907,585
JOYNAGAR -WB    806,334
MATHURAPUR -WB    907,785
DIAMOND HARBOUR-WB    836,540
JADAVPUR-WB    1,022,315
BARRACKPORE-WB    794,426
DUM DUM-WB    1,248,360
CALCUTTA NORTH WEST-WB    360,117
CALCUTTA NORTH EAST-WB    568,885
CALCUTTA SOUTH-WB    772,742
HOWRAH-WB    911,632
ULUBERIA-WB    851,546
SERAMPORE-WB    946,248
HOOGHLY-WB    924,919
ARAMBAGH-WB    964,840
PANSKURA-WB    874,554
TAMLUK-WB    1,035,269
CONTAI-WB    926,774
MIDNAPORE-WB    908,499
JHARGRAM -WB    795,312
PURULIA-WB    696,219
BANKURA-WB    695,487
VISHNUPUR -WB    806,624
DURGAPUR -WB    847,616
ASANSOL-WB    725,198
BURDWAN-WB    997,024
KATWA-WB    966,263
BOLPUR-WB    770,059
BIRBHUM -WB    724,061
SURGUJA -CG    676,699
RAIGARH -CG    648,435
JANJGIR-CG    717,698
BILASPUR -CG    621,425
SARANGARH -CG    587,907
RAIPUR-CG    689,517
MAHASAMUND-CG    771,432
KANKER -CG    553,888
BAAR -CG    450,425
DURG-CG    761,815
RAJNANDGAON-CG    665,935
RAJMAHAL -JH    691,123
DUMKA -JH    625,118
GODDA-JH    831,356
CHATRA-JH    435,504
KODARMA-JH    825,710
GIRIDIH-JH    714,378
DHANBAD-JH    941,478
RANCHI-JH    695,754
JAMSHEDPUR-JH    776,519
SINGHBHUM -JH    520,155
KHUNTI -JH    490,772
LOHARDAGA -JH    466,464
PALAMAU -JH    641,543
HAZARIBAGH-JH    705,439
TEHRI GARHWAL-UK    561,428
GARHWAL-UK    503,240
ALMORA-UK    505,223
NAINITAL-UK    616,628
HARDWAR -UK    486,352
NEW DELHI-DL    202,557
SOUTH DELHI-DL    478,876
OUTER DELHI-DL    1,553,849
EAST DELHI-DL    1,190,814
CHANDNI CHOWK-DL    179,007
DELHI SADAR-DL    271,544
KAROL BAGH -DL    249,185
PONDICHERRY-PY    483,816
389,183,922

The outliers top and bottom reveal some oddities.  E.g., Outer Delhi  and  East Delhi  are among the highest yet  New Delhi, Delhi Sadar, Chandni Chowk among the lowest; Mumbai North among the highest, Mumbai South among the lowest; Dum Dum and Barasat among the highest, Calcutta North West among the lowest.

And who would have thought the Rajasthan desert would yield not one but two top outliers?

Hmmmmm.   Discontinuous behaviour is always curious.

We might wonder if the new constituencies after delimitation might show similar oddities.

SR

Mapping of Votes into Assembly Segments Won into Parliamentary Seats Won in the 2004 India Election

We in India shall soon be hearing the talking-heads on TV, mostly in New Delhi,  jabbering away about “swings” and “anti-incumbency” and “mandates” and “fractured mandates” etc.  Most of it will be waffle without any basis in hard facts because nobody wants to actually do any of the work necessary to acquire a serious opinion.

Just as you cannot win at cricket unless you bowl out the other side and you cannot win at soccer unless you score more goals than the other side, you are not going to win a General Election in India unless you win more Assembly Segments of Parliamentary Constituencies than your competitors.

It is not logically impossible but it is factually unlikely that you can lose, say, five out of six Assembly Segments and still win the Parliamentary Constituency by winning the sixth with a sufficiently large margin.  Raw votes generally translate into winning Assembly Segments and winning Assembly Segments generally translate into winning Lok Sabha seats.

In 2004, the top five winners were as follows, where the first number is raw votes won, the second the number of Assembly Segments won, and the third the number of Lok Sabha seats won:

INC    103,118,475    1,157    145
BJP    86,181,116    1,076    138
CPM    22,065,283    322    43
BSP    21,037,968    107    17
SP    16,822,902    167    39

Notice the BSP won some 4 million more raw votes than the SP but fewer Assembly Segments and fewer Lok Sabha Seats.  And the CPM won barely a million more raw votes than did the BSP but 215 more Assembly Segments and 26 more Lok Sabha seats.  Clearly Uttar Pradesh voting patterns need a lot more detailed analysis — my ex ante hypothesis would be that the BSP’s results are affected by the policy of some  constituencies being “reserved”.

More significantly, at the head of the race, notice that the BJP lost the raw vote to the Indian National Congress by a margin of almost 17 million votes which translated into winning 81 Assembly Segments fewer than the INC which translated into winning 7 fewer Lok Sabha seats — and hence ended up sitting in the Opposition in the Lok Sabha for five years.

A central question is whether the BJP has or has not done enough over the last five years to get in its favour a net change in the raw vote — and that too by a sufficient amount to change the number of Assembly Segments won in its favour.

Putting it differently, has the INC done enough to at least maintain its share of the raw-vote and its leading position, and hence  be likely to win the largest number of Assembly Segments and Lok Sabha seats again?

Here is the overall picture:

book1_17442_image001And yes, of course, there have been demographic changes over five years so those changed parameters shall have affected the  new outcome too (notice the INC’s emphasis on the “youth vote”).

This is original research which could come to be published in a scientific journal if I find the time to send it, so please try not to steal and instead acknowledge its source properly if you want to discuss it elsewhere.

Subroto Roy

A Dozen Grown-Up Questions for Indian Politicians Dreaming of Becoming/Deciding India’s PM After the 2009 General Elections

The 2009 General Election campaign is supposed to elect a Parliament and a Head of Government for the Republic of India, not a Head Boy/Head Girl at an urban middle-class high school or the karta of a joint family. Unfortunately, our comprador national-level media seem to be docile  and juvenile enough in face of power and privilege to want to ask only touchy-feely koochi-woochi pretty baby questions of the “candidates” for PM (several of whom are not even running as candidates for the Lok Sabha but still seem to want to be PM).   Rival candidates themselves seem to want to hurl invective and innuendo at one another, as if all this was merely some public squabble between Delhi middle-class families.

So here are a set of grown-up adult questions instead:

1. Pakistan is politically and strategically our most important neighbour. Can you assure the country that a government headed by you will have a coherent policy on both war and peace with Pakistan? How would you achieve it?

2. Do you agree with the Reagan-Gorbachev opinion that “a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought”? If so, what would your Government do about it?

3. If there are Indian citizens in Jammu & Kashmir presently governed by Article 370 who wish to renounce Indian nationality and remain stateless or become Pakistani/Afghan/Iranian citizens instead, would you consider letting them do so and giving them Indian “green cards” for peaceful permanent residence in J&K and India as a whole?

4. Do you know where Chumbi Valley is? If so, would your Government consider reviving the decades-old idea with China to mutually exchange permanent leases to Aksai Chin and Chumbi Valley respectively?

5. Nuclear power presently accounts as a source of about 4% of total Indian electricity; do you agree that even if nuclear power capacity alone increased by 100% over the next ten years and all other sources of electricity remained constant, nuclear power would still account for less than 8% of the total?

6. The public debt of the country  may now amount to something like Rs 30 lakh crore (Rs 30 trillion); do you find that worrisome? If so, why so? If not, why not?

7. The Government of India may be paying something like Rs 3 lakh crore (Rs 3 trillion) annually on interest payments on its debt;  do you agree that tends to suck dry every public budget even before it can try to do something worthwhile?

8.  If our money supply growth is near 22% per annum, and the rate of growth of real income is near 7% per annum, would you agree the decline in the value of money (i.e., the rate of inflation) could be as high as 15% per annum?

9. Do you agree that giving poor people direct income subsidies is a far better way to help them than by distorting market prices for everybody? If not, why not?

10. How would you seek to improve the working of  (and reduce the corruption in) the following public institutions: (1) the Army and paramilitary; (2) the Judiciary and Police; (3) Universities and technical institutes?

11. There has never been a Prime Minister in any parliamentary democracy in the world throughout the 20th Century who was also not an elected member of the Lower House; do you agree BR Ambedkar and Jawaharlal Nehru intended that for the Republic of India as well and thought it  something so obvious as  not necessary to specify in the 1950 Constitution?  What will your Government do to improve the working of the Presidency, the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State Assemblies?

12. What, personally, is your vision for India after a five-year period of a Government led by you?

Subroto Roy,

Citizen & Voter

Posted in 15th Lok Sabha, Academic research, Afghanistan, Air warfare, Aksai Chin, BR Ambedkar, China's expansionism, China-India Relations, Chumbi Valley, India's 2009 General Election, India's Army, India's Banking, India's Budget, India's bureaucracy, India's Constitution, India's constitutional politics, India's Democracy, India's Diplomacy, India's Economy, India's education, India's Election Commission, India's Electorate, India's Foreign Policy, India's Government Budget Constraint, India's Government Expenditure, India's higher education, India's History, India's inflation, India's Judiciary, India's Lok Sabha, India's Macroeconomics, India's Monetary & Fiscal Policy, India's nomenclatura, India's Personality Cults, India's political lobbyists, India's political parties, India's Politics, India's Polity, India's pork-barrel politics, India's poverty, India's Presidency, India's private TV channels, India's Public Finance, India's Rajya Sabha, India's Reserve Bank, India's Rule of Law, India's State Finances, India's Supreme Court, India's Union-State relations, India-China relations, India-Pakistan cooperation against terrorism, India-Pakistan naval cooperation, India-Pakistan peace process, India-Tibet Border, India-United States business, India-US Nuclear Deal, International diplomacy, Iran, Jammu & Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir in international law, Jawaharlal Nehru, Just war, Laddakh, Land and political economy, LK Advani, Manmohan Singh, Pakistan's murder of Indian POWs, Pakistan's terrorist masterminds, Pakistan's terrorist training institutes, Pakistan, Balochistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistani expansionism, Press and Media, Sonia Gandhi, Stonewalling in politics, Voting, War. Leave a Comment »

India’s 2009 General Elections: How 4125 State Assembly Constituencies comprise the 543 new Lok Sabha Constituencies

We appear to have no serious academic political science or voting theory available in the public domain in India today, despite  our having the world’s vastest electorate.   Our rather juvenile national-level media  too often passes off  personal gossip and wild speculation as analytical discussion.

There has been zero mention of the fact that the 15th Lok Sabha is the result of a brand new delimitation (or redistricting) exercise.  Hence an enormous amount of uncertainty must be added to all calculations and attempts at prediction.   Many old Assembly constituencies have been moved to new Lok Sabha constituencies — for example, Tollygunge was part of the old Calcutta South but is not anymore; Allahabad West and Allahabad North are not part of the new Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency, etc etc.  What this means is that even if the actual votes received in 2009 were identical to those in 2004, there would be different electoral outcomes marginally and hence, most probably, in aggregate as well.  The only thing not to be surprised by with the results after voting in this Election may be surprise itself!

[Postscript April 25: I am glad to see that two days after this post, one  national newspaper has ever so slightly begun to realise the significance of delimitation.]

Here are some data based on the EC’s raw data to allow a  better  picture.   It is placed here in the public interest; please check against the EC’s raw data before operational use.

Subroto Roy

State    Lok Sabha Constituency        State Assembly Constituency    No.
AP    ADILABAD    “S01    1”    SIRPUR    1
“S01    1”    ASIFABAD    5
“S01    1”    KHANAPUR    6
“S01    1”    ADILABAD    7
“S01    1”    BOATH    8
“S01    1”    NIRMAL    9
“S01    1”    MUDHOLE    10
AP    PEDDAPALLE    “S01    2”    CHENNUR    2
“S01    2”    BELLAMPALLY    3
“S01    2”    MANCHERIAL    4
“S01    2”    DHARMAPURI    22
“S01    2”    RAMAGUNDAM    23
“S01    2”    MANTHANI    24
“S01    2”    PEDDAPALLE    25
AP    KARIMNAGAR    “S01    3”    KARIMNAGAR    26
“S01    3”    CHOPPADANDI    27
“S01    3”    VEMULAWADA    28
“S01    3”    SIRCILLA    29
“S01    3”    MANAKONDUR    30
“S01    3”    HUZURABAD    31
“S01    3”    HUSNABAD    32
AP    NIZAMABAD    “S01    4”    ARMUR    11
“S01    4”    BODHAN    12
“S01    4”    NIZAMABAD (URBAN)    17
“S01    4”    NIZAMABAD (RURAL)    18
“S01    4”    BALKONDA    19
“S01    4”    KORATLA    20
“S01    4”    JAGTIAL    21
AP    ZAHIRABAD    “S01    5”    JUKKAL    13
“S01    5”    BANSWADA    14
“S01    5”    YELLAREDDY    15
“S01    5”    KAMAREDDY    16
“S01    5”    NARAYANKHED    35
“S01    5”    ANDOLE    36
“S01    5”    ZAHIRABAD    38
AP    MEDAK    “S01    6”    SIDDIPET    33
“S01    6”    MEDAK    34
“S01    6”    NARSAPUR    37
“S01    6”    SANGAREDDY    39
“S01    6”    PATANCHERU    40
“S01    6”    DUBBAK    41
“S01    6”    GAJWEL    42
AP    MALKAJGIRI    “S01    7”    MEDCHAL    43
“S01    7”    MALKAJGIRI    44
“S01    7”    QUTHBULLAPUR    45
“S01    7”    KUKATPALLY    46
“S01    7”    UPPAL    47
“S01    7”    LAL BAHADUR NAGAR    49
“S01    7”    SECUNDERABAD CANTT.    71
AP    SECUNDRABAD    “S01    8”    MUSHEERABAD    57
“S01    8”    AMBERPET    59
“S01    8”    KHAIRATABAD    60
“S01    8”    JUBILEE HILLS    61
“S01    8”    SANATH NAGAR    62
“S01    8”    NAMPALLI    63
“S01    8”    SECUNDRABAD    70
AP    HYDERABAD    “S01    9”    MALAKPET    58
“S01    9”    KARWAN    64
“S01    9”    GOSHAMAHAL    65
“S01    9”    CHARMINAR    66
“S01    9”    CHANDRAYANGUTTA    67
“S01    9”    YAKUTPURA    68
“S01    9”    BAHDURPURA    69
AP    CHELVELLA    “S01    10”    MAHESHWARAM    50
“S01    10”    RAJENDRANAGAR    51
“S01    10”    SERILINGAMPALLY    52
“S01    10”    CHEVELLA    53
“S01    10”    PARGI    54
“S01    10”    VICARADAB    55
“S01    10”    TANDUR    56
AP    MAHBUBNAGAR    “S01    11”    KODANGAL    72
“S01    11”    NARAYANPET    73
“S01    11”    MAHBUBNAGAR    74
“S01    11”    JADCHERLA    75
“S01    11”    DEVARKADRA    76
“S01    11”    MAKTHAL    77
“S01    11”    SHADNAGAR    84
AP    NAGARKURNOOL    “S01    12”    WANAPARTHY    78
“S01    12”    GADWAL    79
“S01    12”    ALAMPUR    80
“S01    12”    NAGARKURNOOL    81
“S01    12”    ACHAMPET    82
“S01    12”    KALWAKURTHY    83
“S01    12”    KOLLAPUR    85
AP    NALGONDA    “S01    13”    DEVARAKONDA    86
“S01    13”    NAGARJUNA SAGAR    87
“S01    13”    MIRYALGUDA    88
“S01    13”    HUZURNAGAR    89
“S01    13”    KODAD    90
“S01    13”    SURYAPET    91
“S01    13”    NALGONDA    92
AP    BHONGIR    “S01    14”    IBRAHIMPATNAM    48
“S01    14”    MUNUGODE    93
“S01    14”    BHONGIR    94
“S01    14”    NAKREKAL    95
“S01    14”    THUNGATHURTHY    96
“S01    14”    ALAIR    97
“S01    14”    JANGOAN    98
AP    WARANGAL    “S01    15”    GHANPUR (STATION)    99
“S01    15”    PALAKURTHI    100
“S01    15”    PARKAL    104
“S01    15”    WARANGAL WEST    105
“S01    15”    WARANGAL EAST    106
“S01    15”    WARDHANAPET    107
“S01    15”    BHUPALPALLE    108
AP    MAHABUBABAD    “S01    16”    DORNAKAL    101
“S01    16”    MAHABUBABAD    102
“S01    16”    NARSAMPET    103
“S01    16”    MULUG    109
“S01    16”    PINAPAKA    110
“S01    16”    YELLANDU    111
“S01    16”    BHADRACHELAM    119
AP    KHAMMAM    “S01    17”    KHAMMAM    112
“S01    17”    PALAIR    113
“S01    17”    MADIRA    114
“S01    17”    WYRA    115
“S01    17”    SATHUPALLI    116
“S01    17”    KOTHAGUDEM    117
“S01    17”    ASWARAOPETA    118
AP    ARUKU    “S01    18”    PALAKONDA    129
“S01    18”    KURUPAM    130
“S01    18”    PARVATHIPURAM    131
“S01    18”    SALUR    132
“S01    18”    ARAKU VALLEY    147
“S01    18”    PADERU    148
“S01    18”    RAMPACHODAVARAM    172
AP    SRIKAKULAM    “S01    19”    ICHCHAPURAM    120
“S01    19”    PALASA    121
“S01    19”    TEKKALI    122
“S01    19”    PATHAPATNAM    123
“S01    19”    SRIKAKULAM    124
“S01    19”    AMADALAVALASA    125
“S01    19”    NARASANNAPETA    127
AP    VIZIANAGARAM    “S01    20”    ETCHERLA    126
“S01    20”    RAJAM    128
“S01    20”    BOBBILI    133
“S01    20”    CHEEPURUPALLE    134
“S01    20”    GAJAPATHINAGARAM    135
“S01    20”    NELLIMARLA    136
“S01    20”    VIZIANAGARAM    137
AP    VISAKHAPATNAM    “S01    21”    SRUNGAVARAPUKOTA    138
“S01    21”    BHIMLI    139
“S01    21”    VISAKHAPATNAM EAST    140
“S01    21”    VISAKHAPATNAM SOUTH    141
“S01    21”    VISAKHAPATNAM NORTH    142
“S01    21”    VISAKHAPATNAM WEST    143
“S01    21”    GAJUWAKA    144
AP    ANAKAPALLI    “S01    22”    CHODAVARAM    145
“S01    22”    MADUGULA    146
“S01    22”    ANAKAPALLE    149
“S01    22”    PENDURTHI    150
“S01    22”    ELAMANCHILI    151
“S01    22”    PAYAKARAOPET    152
“S01    22”    NARSIPATNAM    153
AP    KAKINADA    “S01    23”    TUNI    154
“S01    23”    PRATHIPADU    155
“S01    23”    PITHAPURAM    156
“S01    23”    KAKINADA RURAL    157
“S01    23”    PEDDAPURAM    158
“S01    23”    KAKINADA CITY    160
“S01    23”    JAGGAMPETA    171
AP    AMALAPURAM    “S01    24”    RAMACHANDRAPURAM    161
“S01    24”    MUMMIDIVARAM    162
“S01    24”    AMALAPURAM    163
“S01    24”    RAZOLE    164
“S01    24”    GANNAVARAM    165
“S01    24”    KOTHAPETA    166
“S01    24”    MANDAPETA    167
AP    RAJAHMUNDRY    “S01    25”    ANAPARTHY    159
“S01    25”    RAJANAGARAM    168
“S01    25”    RAJAHMUNDRY CITY    169
“S01    25”    RAJAMUNDRY RURAL    170
“S01    25”    KOVVUR    173
“S01    25”    NIDADAVOLE    174
“S01    25”    GOPALAPURAM    185
AP    NARSAPURAM    “S01    26”    ACHANTA    175
“S01    26”    PALACOLE    176
“S01    26”    NARASAPURAM    177
“S01    26”    BHIMAVARAM    178
“S01    26”    UNDI    179
“S01    26”    TANUKU    180
“S01    26”    TADEPALLIGUDEM    181
AP    ELURU    “S01    27”    UNGUTURU    182
“S01    27”    DENDULURU    183
“S01    27”    ELURU    184
“S01    27”    POLAVARAM    186
“S01    27”    CHINTALAPUDI    187
“S01    27”    NUZVID    189
“S01    27”    KAIKALUR    192
AP    MACHILIPATNAM    “S01    28”    GANNAVARAM    190
“S01    28”    GUDIVADA    191
“S01    28”    PEDANA    193
“S01    28”    MACHILIPATNAM    194
“S01    28”    AVANIGADDA    195
“S01    28”    PAMARRU    196
“S01    28”    PENAMALURU    197
AP    VIJAYAWADA    “S01    29”    TIRUVURU    188
“S01    29”    VIJAYWADA WEST    198
“S01    29”    VIJAYAWADA CENTRAL    199
“S01    29”    VIJAYAWADA EAST    200
“S01    29”    MYLAVARAM    201
“S01    29”    NANDIGAMA    202
“S01    29”    JAGGAYYAPETA    203
AP    GUNTUR    “S01    30”    TADIKONDA    205
“S01    30”    MANGALAGIRI    206
“S01    30”    PONNUR    207
“S01    30”    TENALI    210
“S01    30”    PRATHIPADU    212
“S01    30”    GUNTUR WEST    213
“S01    30”    GUNTUR EAST    214
AP    NARASARAOPET    “S01    31”    PEDAKURAPADU    204
“S01    31”    CHILAKALURIPET    215
“S01    31”    NARASARAOPET    216
“S01    31”    SATTENPALLI    217
“S01    31”    VINUKONDA    218
“S01    31”    GURUZALA    219
“S01    31”    MACHERLA    220
AP    BAPATLA    “S01    32”    VEMURU    208
“S01    32”    REPALLE    209
“S01    32”    BAPATLA    211
“S01    32”    PARCHUR    223
“S01    32”    ADDANKI    224
“S01    32”    CHIRALA    225
“S01    32”    SANTHANUTHALAPADU    226
AP    ONGOLE    “S01    33”    YERRAGONDAPALEM    221
“S01    33”    DARSI    222
“S01    33”    ONGOLE    227
“S01    33”    KONDAPI    229
“S01    33”    MARKAPURAM    230
“S01    33”    GIDDALUR    231
“S01    33”    KANIGIRI    232
AP    NANDYAL    “S01    34”    ALLAGADDA    253
“S01    34”    SRISAILAM    254
“S01    34”    NANDIKOTKUR    255
“S01    34”    PANYAM    257
“S01    34”    NANDYAL    258
“S01    34”    BANAGANAPALLE    259
“S01    34”    DHONE    260
AP    KURNOOL    “S01    35”    KURNOOL    256
“S01    35”    PATTIKONDA    261
“S01    35”    KODUMUR    262
“S01    35”    YEMMIGANUR    263
“S01    35”    MANTRALAYAM    264
“S01    35”    ADONI    265
“S01    35”    ALUR    266
AP    ANANTAPUR    “S01    36”    RAYADURG    267
“S01    36”    URAVAKONDA    268
“S01    36”    GUNTAKAL    269
“S01    36”    TADPATRI    270
“S01    36”    SINGANAMALA    271
“S01    36”    ANANTAPUR URBAN    272
“S01    36”    KALYANDURG    273
AP    HINDUPUR    “S01    37”    RAPTADU    274
“S01    37”    MADAKASIRA    275
“S01    37”    HINDUPUR    276
“S01    37”    PENUKONDA    277
“S01    37”    PUTTAPARTHI    278
“S01    37”    DHARMAVARAM    279
“S01    37”    KADIRI    280
AP    KADAPA    “S01    38”    BADVEL    243
“S01    38”    KADAPA    245
“S01    38”    PULIVENDLA    248
“S01    38”    KAMALAPURAM    249
“S01    38”    JAMMALAMADUGU    250
“S01    38”    PRODDATUR    251
“S01    38”    MYDUKUR    252
AP    NELLORE    “S01    39”    KANDUKUR    228
“S01    39”    KAVALI    233
“S01    39”    ATMAKUR    234
“S01    39”    KOVUR    235
“S01    39”    NELLORE CITY    236
“S01    39”    NELLORE RURAL    237
“S01    39”    UDAYAGIRI    242
AP    TIRUPATI    “S01    40”    SARVEPALLI    238
“S01    40”    GUDUR    239
“S01    40”    SULLURPETA    240
“S01    40”    VENKATAGIRI    241
“S01    40”    TIRUPATI    286
“S01    40”    SRIKALAHASTI    287
“S01    40”    SATYAVEEDU    288
AP    RAJAMPET    “S01    41”    RAJAMPET    244
“S01    41”    KODUR    246
“S01    41”    RAYACHOTI    247
“S01    41”    THAMBALLAPALLE    281
“S01    41”    PILERU    282
“S01    41”    MADANAPALLE    283
“S01    41”    PUNGANUR    284
AP    CHITTOOR    “S01    42”    CHANDRAGIRI    285
“S01    42”    NAGARI    289
“S01    42”    GANGADHARA NELLORE    290
“S01    42”    CHITTOOR    291
“S01    42”    PUTHALAPATTU    292
“S01    42”    PALAMANER    293
“S01    42”    KUPPAM    294
AR    ARUNACHAL WEST    “S02    1”    LUMLA    1
“S02    1”    TAWANG    2
“S02    1”    MUKTO    3
“S02    1”    DIRANG    4
“S02    1”    KALAKTANG    5
“S02    1”    THRIZINO-BURAGAON    6
“S02    1”    BOMDILA    7
“S02    1”    BAMENG    8
“S02    1”    CHAYANG TAJO    9
“S02    1”    SEPPA EAST    10
“S02    1”    SEPPA WEST    11
“S02    1”    PAKKE KESSANG    12
“S02    1”    ITANAGAR    13
“S02    1”    DOIMUKH    14
“S02    1”    SAGALEE    15
“S02    1”    YACHULI    16
“S02    1”    ZIRO HAPOLI    17
“S02    1”    PALIN    18
“S02    1”    NYAPIN    19
“S02    1”    TALI    20
“S02    1”    KOLORIANG    21
“S02    1”    NACHO    22
“S02    1”    TALIHA    23
“S02    1”    DAPORIJO    24
“S02    1”    RAGA    25
“S02    1”    DUMPORIJO    26
“S02    1”    LIROMOBA    27
“S02    1”    LIKABALI    28
“S02    1”    BASAR    29
“S02    1”    ALONG WEST    30
“S02    1”    ALONG EAST    31
“S02    1”    RUMGONG    32
“S02    1”    MECHUKHA    33
AR    ARUNACHAL EAST    “S02    2”    TUTING YINGKIONG    34
“S02    2”    PANGIN    35
“S02    2”    NARI-KOYU    36
“S02    2”    PASIGHAT WEST    37
“S02    2”    PASIGHAT EAST    38
“S02    2”    MEBO    39
“S02    2”    MARIYANG-GEKU    40
“S02    2”    ANINI    41
“S02    2”    DAMBUK    42
“S02    2”    ROING    43
“S02    2”    TEZU    44
“S02    2”    HAYULIANG    45
“S02    2”    CHOWKHAM    46
“S02    2”    NAMSAI    47
“S02    2”    LEKANG    48
“S02    2”    BORDUMSA – DIYUM    49
“S02    2”    MIAO    50
“S02    2”    NAMPONG    51
“S02    2”    CHANGLANG SOUTH    52
“S02    2”    CHANGLANG NORTH    53
“S02    2”    NAMSANG    54
“S02    2”    KHONSA EAST    55
“S02    2”    KHONSA WEST    56
“S02    2”    BORDURIA BOGAPANI    57
“S02    2”    KANUBARI    58
“S02    2”    LONGDING PUMAO    59
“S02    2”    PONGCHAO WAKKA    60
AS    KARIMGANJ    “S03    1”    RATABARI    1
“S03    1”    PATHERKANDI    2
“S03    1”    KARIMGANJ NORTH    3
“S03    1”    KARIMGANJ SOUTH    4
“S03    1”    BADARPUR    5
“S03    1”    HAILAKANDI    6
“S03    1”    KATLICHERRA    7
“S03    1”    ALGAPUR    8
AS    SILCHAR    “S03    2”    SILCHAR    9
“S03    2”    SONAI    10
“S03    2”    DHOLAI    11
“S03    2”    UDHARBOND    12
“S03    2”    LAKHIPUR    13
“S03    2”    BORKHOLA    14
“S03    2”    KATIGORAH    15
AS    AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT    “S03    3”    HAFLONG    16
“S03    3”    BOKAJAN    17
“S03    3”    HOWRAGHAT    18
“S03    3”    DIPHU    19
“S03    3”    BAITHALANGSO    20
AS    DHUBRI    “S03    4”    MANKACHAR    21
“S03    4”    SALMARA SOUTH    22
“S03    4”    DHUBRI    23
“S03    4”    GAURIPUR    24
“S03    4”    GOLOKGANJ    25
“S03    4”    BILASIPARA WEST    26
“S03    4”    BILASIPARA EAST    27
“S03    4”    GOALPARA EAST    37
“S03    4”    GOALPARA WEST    38
“S03    4”    JALESWAR    39
AS    KOKRAJHAR    “S03    5”    GOSSAIGAON    28
“S03    5”    KOKRAJHAR WEST    29
“S03    5”    KOKRAJHAR EAST    30
“S03    5”    SIDLI    31
“S03    5”    BIJNI    33
“S03    5”    SORBHOG    40
“S03    5”    BHABANIPUR    41
“S03    5”    TAMULPUR    58
“S03    5”    BARAMA    62
“S03    5”    CHAPAGURI    63
AS    BARPETA    “S03    6”    BONGAIGAON    32
“S03    6”    ABHAYAPURI NORTH    34
“S03    6”    ABHAYAPURI SOUTH    35
“S03    6”    PATACHARKUCHI    42
“S03    6”    BARPETA    43
“S03    6”    JANIA    44
“S03    6”    BAGHBAR    45
“S03    6”    SARUKHETRI    46
“S03    6”    CHENGA    47
“S03    6”    DHARMAPUR    61
AS    GAUHATI    “S03    7”    DUDHNOI    36
“S03    7”    BOKO    48
“S03    7”    CHHAYGAON    49
“S03    7”    PALASBARI    50
“S03    7”    JALUKBARI    51
“S03    7”    DISPUR    52
“S03    7”    GAUHATI EAST    53
“S03    7”    GAUHATI WEST    54
“S03    7”    HAJO    55
“S03    7”    BARKHETRI    60
AS    MANGALDOI    “S03    8”    KAMALPUR    56
“S03    8”    RANGIA    57
“S03    8”    NALBARI    59
“S03    8”    PANERY    64
“S03    8”    KALAIGAON    65
“S03    8”    SIPAJHAR    66
“S03    8”    MANGALDOI    67
“S03    8”    DALGAON    68
“S03    8”    UDALGURI    69
“S03    8”    MAZBAT    70
AS    TEZPUR    “S03    9”    DHEKIAJULI    71
“S03    9”    BARCHALLA    72
“S03    9”    TEZPUR    73
“S03    9”    RANGAPARA    74
“S03    9”    SOOTEA    75
“S03    9”    BISWANATH    76
“S03    9”    BEHALI    77
“S03    9”    GOHPUR    78
“S03    9”    BIHPURIA    109
AS    NOWGONG    “S03    10”    JAGIROAD    79
“S03    10”    MORIGAON    80
“S03    10”    LAHARIGHAT    81
“S03    10”    RAHA    82
“S03    10”    NAGAON    86
“S03    10”    BARHAMPUR    87
“S03    10”    JAMUNAMUKH    90
“S03    10”    HOJAI    91
“S03    10”    LUMDING    92
AS    KALIABOR    “S03    11”    DHING    83
“S03    11”    BATADRABA    84
“S03    11”    RUPAHIHAT    85
“S03    11”    SAMAGURI    88
“S03    11”    KALIABOR    89
“S03    11”    BOKAKHAT    93
“S03    11”    SARUPATHAR    94
“S03    11”    GOLAGHAT    95
“S03    11”    KHUMTAI    96
“S03    11”    DERGAON    97
AS    JORHAT    “S03    12”    JORHAT    98
“S03    12”    TITABAR    100
“S03    12”    MARIANI    101
“S03    12”    TEOK    102
“S03    12”    AMGURI    103
“S03    12”    NAZIRA    104
“S03    12”    MAHMORA    105
“S03    12”    SONARI    106
“S03    12”    THOWRA    107
“S03    12”    SIVASAGAR    108
AS    DIBRUGARH    “S03    13”    MORAN    115
“S03    13”    DIBRUGARH    116
“S03    13”    LAHOWAL    117
“S03    13”    DULIJAN    118
“S03    13”    TINGKHONG    119
“S03    13”    NAHARKATIA    120
“S03    13”    TINSUKIA    122
“S03    13”    DIGBOI    123
“S03    13”    MARGHERITA    124
AS    LAKHIMPUR    “S03    14”    MAJULI    99
“S03    14”    NAOBOICHA    110
“S03    14”    LAKHIMPUR    111
“S03    14”    DHAKUAKHANA    112
“S03    14”    DHEMAJI    113
“S03    14”    JONAI    114
“S03    14”    CHABUA    121
“S03    14”    DOOMDOOMA    125
“S03    14”    SADIYA    126
BR    VALMIKI NAGAR    “S04    1”    VALMIKI NAGAR    1
“S04    1”    RAMNAGAR    2
“S04    1”    NARKATIAGANJ    3
“S04    1”    BAGAHA    4
“S04    1”    LAURIYA    5
“S04    1”    SIKTA    9
BR    PASCHIM CHAMPARAN    “S04    2”    NAUTAN    6
“S04    2”    CHANPATIA    7
“S04    2”    BETTIAH    8
“S04    2”    RAXAUL    10
“S04    2”    SUGAULI    11
“S04    2”    NARKATIA    12
BR    PURVI CHAMPARAN    “S04    3”    HARSIDHI    13
“S04    3”    GOVINDGANJ    14
“S04    3”    KESARIA    15
“S04    3”    KALYANPUR    16
“S04    3”    PIPRA    17
“S04    3”    MOTIHARI    19
BR    SHEOHAR    “S04    4”    MADHUBAN    18
“S04    4”    CHIRAIA    20
“S04    4”    DHAKA    21
“S04    4”    SHEOHAR    22
“S04    4”    RIGA    23
“S04    4”    BELSAND    30
BR    SITAMARHI    “S04    5”    BATHNAHA    24
“S04    5”    PARIHAR    25
“S04    5”    SURSAND    26
“S04    5”    BAJPATTI    27
“S04    5”    SITAMARHI    28
“S04    5”    RUNISAIDPUR    29
BR    MADHUBANI    “S04    6”    HARLAKHI    31
“S04    6”    BENIPATTI    32
“S04    6”    BISFI    35
“S04    6”    MADHUBANI    36
“S04    6”    KEOTI    86
“S04    6”    JALE    87
BR    JHANJHARPUR    “S04    7”    KHAJAULI    33
“S04    7”    BABUBARHI    34
“S04    7”    RAJNAGAR    37
“S04    7”    JHANJHARPUR    38
“S04    7”    PHULPARAS    39
“S04    7”    LAUKAHA    40
BR    SUPAUL    “S04    8”    NIRMALI    41
“S04    8”    PIPRA    42
“S04    8”    SUPAUL    43
“S04    8”    TRIBENIGANJ    44
“S04    8”    CHHATAPUR    45
“S04    8”    SINGHESHWAR    72
BR    ARARIA    “S04    9”    NARPATGANJ    46
“S04    9”    RANIGANJ    47
“S04    9”    FORBESGANJ    48
“S04    9”    ARARIA    49
“S04    9”    JOKIHAT    50
“S04    9”    SIKTI    51
BR    KISHANGANJ    “S04    10”    BAHADURGANJ    52
“S04    10”    THAKURGANJ    53
“S04    10”    KISHANGANJ    54
“S04    10”    KOCHADHAMAN    55
“S04    10”    AMOUR    56
“S04    10”    BAISI    57
BR    KATIHAR    “S04    11”    KATIHAR    63
“S04    11”    KADWA    64
“S04    11”    BALRAMPUR    65
“S04    11”    PRANPUR    66
“S04    11”    MANIHARI    67
“S04    11”    BARARI    68
BR    PURNIA    “S04    12”    KASBA    58
“S04    12”    BANMANKHI    59
“S04    12”    RUPAULI    60
“S04    12”    DHAMDAHA    61
“S04    12”    PURNIA    62
“S04    12”    KORHA    69
BR    MADHEPURA    “S04    13”    ALAMNAGAR    70
“S04    13”    BIHARIGANJ    71
“S04    13”    MADHEPURA    73
“S04    13”    SONBARSA    74
“S04    13”    SAHARSA    75
“S04    13”    MAHISHI    77
BR    DARBHANGA    “S04    14”    GORA BAURAM    79
“S04    14”    BENIPUR    80
“S04    14”    ALINAGAR    81
“S04    14”    DARBHANGA RURAL    82
“S04    14”    DARBHANGA    83
“S04    14”    BAHADURPUR    85
BR    MUZAFFARPUR    “S04    15”    GAIGHAT    88
“S04    15”    AURAI    89
“S04    15”    BOCHAHA    91
“S04    15”    SAKRA    92
“S04    15”    KURHANI    93
“S04    15”    MUZAFFARPUR    94
BR    VAISHALI    “S04    16”    MINAPUR    90
“S04    16”    KANTI    95
“S04    16”    BARURAJ    96
“S04    16”    PAROO    97
“S04    16”    SAHEBGANJ    98
“S04    16”    VAISHALI    125
BR    GOPALGANJ    “S04    17”    BAIKUNTHPUR    99
“S04    17”    BARAULI    100
“S04    17”    GOPALGANJ    101
“S04    17”    KUCHAIKOTE    102
“S04    17”    BHOREY    103
“S04    17”    HATHUA    104
BR    SIWAN    “S04    18”    SIWAN    105
“S04    18”    ZIRADEI    106
“S04    18”    DARAULI    107
“S04    18”    RAGHUNATHPUR    108
“S04    18”    DARAUNDHA    109
“S04    18”    BARHARIA    110
BR    MAHARAJGANJ    “S04    19”    GORIYAKOTHI    111
“S04    19”    MAHARAJGANJ    112
“S04    19”    EKMA    113
“S04    19”    MANJHI    114
“S04    19”    BANIAPUR    115
“S04    19”    TARAIYA    116
BR    SARAN    “S04    20”    MARHAURA    117
“S04    20”    CHAPRA    118
“S04    20”    GARKHA    119
“S04    20”    AMNOUR    120
“S04    20”    PARSA    121
“S04    20”    SONEPUR    122
BR    HAJIPUR    “S04    21”    HAJIPUR    123
“S04    21”    LALGANJ    124
“S04    21”    MAHUA    126
“S04    21”    RAJA PAKAR    127
“S04    21”    RAGHOPUR    128
“S04    21”    MANHAR    129
BR    UJIARPUR    “S04    22”    PATEPUR    130
“S04    22”    UJIARPUR    134
“S04    22”    MORWA    135
“S04    22”    SARAIRANJAN    136
“S04    22”    MOHIUDDINNAGAR    137
“S04    22”    BIBHUTPUR    138
BR    SAMASTIPUR    “S04    23”    KUSHESHWAR ASTHAN    78
“S04    23”    HAYAGHAT    84
“S04    23”    KALYANPUR    131
“S04    23”    WARISNAGAR    132
“S04    23”    SAMASTIPUR    133
“S04    23”    ROSERA    139
BR    BEGUSARAI    “S04    24”    CHERIA BARIARPUR    141
“S04    24”    BACHHWARA    142
“S04    24”    TEGHRA    143
“S04    24”    MATIHANI    144
“S04    24”    SAHEBPUR KAMAL    145
“S04    24”    BEGUSARAI    146
“S04    24”    BAKHRI    147
BR    KHAGARIA    “S04    25”    SIMRI BAKHTIARPUR    76
“S04    25”    HASANPUR    140
“S04    25”    ALAULI    148
“S04    25”    KHAGARIA    149
“S04    25”    BELDAUR    150
“S04    25”    PARBATTA    151
BR    BHAGALPUR    “S04    26”    BIHPUR    152
“S04    26”    GOPALPUR    153
“S04    26”    PIRPAINTI    154
“S04    26”    KAHALGAON    155
“S04    26”    BHAGALPUR    156
“S04    26”    NATHNAGAR    158
BR    BANKA    “S04    27”    SULTANGANJ    157
“S04    27”    AMARPUR    159
“S04    27”    DHURAIYA    160
“S04    27”    BANKA    161
“S04    27”    KATORIA    162
“S04    27”    BELHAR    163
BR    MUNGER    “S04    28”    MUNGER    165
“S04    28”    JAMALPUR    166
“S04    28”    SURYAGARHA    167
“S04    28”    LAKHISARAI    168
“S04    28”    MOKAMA    178
“S04    28”    BARH    179
BR    NALANDA    “S04    29”    ASTHAWAN    171
“S04    29”    BISHARSHARIF    172
“S04    29”    RAJGIR    173
“S04    29”    ISLAMPUR    174
“S04    29”    HILSA    175
“S04    29”    NALANDA    176
“S04    29”    HARNAUT    177
BR    PATNA SAHIB    “S04    30”    BAKHTIARPUR    180
“S04    30”    DIGHA    181
“S04    30”    BANKIPUR    182
“S04    30”    KUMHRARH    183
“S04    30”    PATNA SAHIB    184
“S04    30”    FATWAH    185
BR    PATALIPUTRA    “S04    31”    DANAPUR    186
“S04    31”    MANER    187
“S04    31”    PHULWARI    188
“S04    31”    MASAURHI    189
“S04    31”    PALIGANJ    190
“S04    31”    BIKRAM    191
BR    ARRAH    “S04    32”    SANDESH    192
“S04    32”    BARHARA    193
“S04    32”    ARRAH    194
“S04    32”    AGIAON    195
“S04    32”    TARARI    196
“S04    32”    JAGDISHPUR    197
“S04    32”    SHAHPUR    198
BR    BUXAR    “S04    33”    BARHAMPUR    199
“S04    33”    BUXAR    200
“S04    33”    DUMRAON    201
“S04    33”    RAJPUR    202
“S04    33”    RAMGARH    203
“S04    33”    DINARA    210
BR    SASARAM    “S04    34”    MOHANIA    204
“S04    34”    BHABUA    205
“S04    34”    CHAINPUR    206
“S04    34”    CHENARI    207
“S04    34”    SASARAM    208
“S04    34”    KARGAHAR    209
BR    KARAKAT    “S04    35”    NOKHA    211
“S04    35”    DEHRI    212
“S04    35”    KARAKAT    213
“S04    35”    GOH    219
“S04    35”    OBRA    220
“S04    35”    NABINAGAR    221
BR    JAHANABAD    “S04    36”    ARWAL    214
“S04    36”    KURTHA    215
“S04    36”    JAHANABAD    216
“S04    36”    GHOSI    217
“S04    36”    MAKHDUMPUR    218
“S04    36”    ATRI    233
BR    AURANGABAD    “S04    37”    KUTUMBA    222
“S04    37”    AURANGABAD    223
“S04    37”    RAFIGANJ    224
“S04    37”    GURUA    225
“S04    37”    IMAMGANJ    227
“S04    37”    TIKARI    231
BR    GAYA    “S04    38”    SHERGHATI    226
“S04    38”    BARACHATTI    228
“S04    38”    BODH GAYA    229
“S04    38”    GAYA TOWN    230
“S04    38”    BELAGANJ    232
“S04    38”    WAZIRGANJ    234
BR    NAWADA    “S04    39”    BARBIGHA    170
“S04    39”    RAJAULI    235
“S04    39”    HISUA    236
“S04    39”    NAWADA    237
“S04    39”    GOBINDPUR    238
“S04    39”    WARSALIGANJ    239
BR    JAMUI    “S04    40”    TARAPUR    164
“S04    40”    SHEIKHPURA    169
“S04    40”    SIKANDRA    240
“S04    40”    JAMUI    241
“S04    40”    JHAJHA    242
“S04    40”    CHAKAI    243
GA    NORTH GOA    “S05    1”    MANDREM    1
“S05    1”    PERNEM    2
“S05    1”    BICHOLIM    3
“S05    1”    TIVIM    4
“S05    1”    MAPUSA    5
“S05    1”    SIOLIM    6
“S05    1”    SALIGAO    7
“S05    1”    CALANGUTE    8
“S05    1”    PORVORIM    9
“S05    1”    ALDONA    10
“S05    1”    PANAJI    11
“S05    1”    TALEIGAO    12
“S05    1”    ST. CRUZ    13
“S05    1”    ST. ANDRE    14
“S05    1”    CUMBARJUA    15
“S05    1”    MAEM    16
“S05    1”    SANQUELIM    17
“S05    1”    PORIEM    18
“S05    1”    VALPOI    19
“S05    1”    PRIOL    20
GA    SOUTH GOA    “S05    2”    PONDA    21
“S05    2”    SIRODA    22
“S05    2”    MARCAIM    23
“S05    2”    MORMUGAO    24
“S05    2”    VASCO-DA-GAMA    25
“S05    2”    DABOLIM    26
“S05    2”    CORTALIM    27
“S05    2”    NUVEM    28
“S05    2”    CURTORIM    29
“S05    2”    FATORDA    30
“S05    2”    MARGAO    31
“S05    2”    BENAULIM    32
“S05    2”    NAVELIM    33
“S05    2”    CUNCOLIM    34
“S05    2”    VELIM    35
“S05    2”    QUEPEM    36
“S05    2”    CURCHOREM    37
“S05    2”    SANVORDEM    38
“S05    2”    SANGUEM    39
“S05    2”    CANACONA    40
GJ    KACHCHH    “S06    1”    ABDASA    1
“S06    1”    MANDVI    2
“S06    1”    BHUJ    3
“S06    1”    ANJAR    4
“S06    1”    GANDHIDHAM    5
“S06    1”    RAPAR    6
“S06    1”    MORBI    65
GJ    BANASKANTHA    “S06    2”    VAV    7
“S06    2”    THARAD    8
“S06    2”    DHANERA    9
“S06    2”    DANTA    10
“S06    2”    PALANPUR    12
“S06    2”    DEESA    13
“S06    2”    DEODAR    14
GJ    PATAN    “S06    3”    VADGAM    11
“S06    3”    KANKREJ    15
“S06    3”    RADHANPUR    16
“S06    3”    CHANASMA    17
“S06    3”    PATAN    18
“S06    3”    SIDHPUR    19
“S06    3”    KHERALU    20
GJ    MAHESANA    “S06    4”    UNJHA    21
“S06    4”    VISNAGAR    22
“S06    4”    BECHARAJI    23
“S06    4”    KADI    24
“S06    4”    MAHESANA    25
“S06    4”    VIJAPUR    26
“S06    4”    MANSA    37
GJ    SABARKANTHA    “S06    5”    HIMATNAGAR    27
“S06    5”    IDAR    28
“S06    5”    KHEDBRAHMA    29
“S06    5”    BHILODA    30
“S06    5”    MODASA    31
“S06    5”    BAYAD    32
“S06    5”    PRANTIJ    33
GJ    GANDHINAGAR    “S06    6”    GANDHINAGAR NORTH    36
“S06    6”    KALOL    38
“S06    6”    SANAND    40
“S06    6”    GHATLODIA    41
“S06    6”    VEJALPUR    42
“S06    6”    NARANPURA    45
“S06    6”    SABARMATI    55
GJ    AHMEDABAD EAST    “S06    7”    DEHGAM    34
“S06    7”    GANDHINAGAR SOUTH    35
“S06    7”    VATVA    43
“S06    7”    NIKOL    46
“S06    7”    NARODA    47
“S06    7”    THAKKARBAPA NAGAR    48
“S06    7”    BAPUNAGAR    49
GJ    AHMEDABAD WEST    “S06    8”    ELLISBRIDGE    44
“S06    8”    AMRAIWADI    50
“S06    8”    DARIAPUR    51
“S06    8”    JAMALPUR – KHADIA    52
“S06    8”    MANINAGAR    53
“S06    8”    DANILIMDA    54
“S06    8”    ASARWA    56
GJ    SURENDRANAGAR    “S06    9”    VIRAMGAM    39
“S06    9”    DHANDHUKA    59
“S06    9”    DASADA    60
“S06    9”    LIMBDI    61
“S06    9”    WADHWAN    62
“S06    9”    CHOTILA    63
“S06    9”    DHRANGADHRA    64
GJ    RAJKOT    “S06    10”    TANKARA    66
“S06    10”    WANKANER    67
“S06    10”    RAJKOT EAST    68
“S06    10”    RAJKOT WEST    69
“S06    10”    RAJKOT SOUTH    70
“S06    10”    RAJKOT RURAL    71
“S06    10”    JASDAN    72
GJ    PORBANDAR    “S06    11”    GONDAL    73
“S06    11”    JETPUR    74
“S06    11”    DHORAJI    75
“S06    11”    PORBANDAR    83
“S06    11”    KUTIYANA    84
“S06    11”    MANAVADAR    85
“S06    11”    KESHOD    88
GJ    JAMNAGAR    “S06    12”    KALAVAD    76
“S06    12”    JAMNAGR RURAL    77
“S06    12”    JAMNAGAR NORTH    78
“S06    12”    JAMNAGAR SOUTH    79
“S06    12”    JAMJODHPUR    80
“S06    12”    KHAMBHALIA    81
“S06    12”    DWARKA    82
GJ    JUNAGADH    “S06    13”    JUNAGADH    86
“S06    13”    VISAVADAR    87
“S06    13”    MANGROL    89
“S06    13”    SOMNATH    90
“S06    13”    TALALA    91
“S06    13”    KODINAR    92
“S06    13”    UNA    93
GJ    AMRELI    “S06    14”    DHARI    94
“S06    14”    AMRELI    95
“S06    14”    LATHI    96
“S06    14”    SAVARKUNDLA    97
“S06    14”    RAJULA    98
“S06    14”    MAHUVA    99
“S06    14”    GARIADHAR    101
GJ    BHAVNAGAR    “S06    15”    TALAJA    100
“S06    15”    PALITANA    102
“S06    15”    BHAVNAGAR RURAL    103
“S06    15”    BHAVNAGAR EAST    104
“S06    15”    BHAVNAGAR WEST    105
“S06    15”    GADHADA    106
“S06    15”    BOTAD    107
GJ    ANAND    “S06    16”    KHAMBHAT    108
“S06    16”    BORSAD    109
“S06    16”    ANKLAV    110
“S06    16”    UMRETH    111
“S06    16”    ANAND    112
“S06    16”    PETLAD    113
“S06    16”    SOJITRA    114
GJ    KHEDA    “S06    17”    DASKROI    57
“S06    17”    DHOLKA    58
“S06    17”    MATAR    115
“S06    17”    NADIAD    116
“S06    17”    MEHMEDABAD    117
“S06    17”    MAHUDHA    118
“S06    17”    KAPADVANJ    120
GJ    PANCHMAHAL    “S06    18”    THASRA    119
“S06    18”    BALASINOR    121
“S06    18”    LUNAWADA    122
“S06    18”    SHEHRA    124
“S06    18”    MORVA HADAF    125
“S06    18”    GODHRA    126
“S06    18”    KALOL    127
GJ    DAHOD    “S06    19”    SANTRAMPUR    123
“S06    19”    FATEPURA    129
“S06    19”    JHALOD    130
“S06    19”    LIMKHEDA    131
“S06    19”    DAHOD    132
“S06    19”    GARBADA    133
“S06    19”    DEVGADBARIA    134
GJ    VADODARA    “S06    20”    SAVLI    135
“S06    20”    VAGHODIA    136
“S06    20”    VADODARA CITY    141
“S06    20”    SAYAJIGUNJ    142
“S06    20”    AKOTA    143
“S06    20”    RAOPURA    144
“S06    20”    MANJALPUR    145
GJ    CHHOTA UDAIPUR    “S06    21”    HALOL    128
“S06    21”    CHHOTA UDAIPUR    137
“S06    21”    JETPUR    138
“S06    21”    SANKHEDA    139
“S06    21”    DABHOI    140
“S06    21”    PADRA    146
“S06    21”    NANDOD    148
GJ    BHARUCH    “S06    22”    KARJAN    147
“S06    22”    DEDIAPADA    149
“S06    22”    JAMBUSAR    150
“S06    22”    VAGRA    151
“S06    22”    JHAGADIA    152
“S06    22”    BHARUCH    153
“S06    22”    ANKLESHWAR    154
GJ    BARDOLI    “S06    23”    MANGROL    156
“S06    23”    MANDVI    157
“S06    23”    KAMREJ    158
“S06    23”    BARDOLI    169
“S06    23”    MAHUVA    170
“S06    23”    VYARA    171
“S06    23”    NIZAR    172
GJ    SURAT    “S06    24”    OLPAD    155
“S06    24”    SURAT EAST    159
“S06    24”    SURAT NORTH    160
“S06    24”    VARACHHA ROAD    161
“S06    24”    KARANJ    162
“S06    24”    KATARGAM    166
“S06    24”    SURAT WEST    167
GJ    NAVSARI    “S06    25”    LIMBAYAT    163
“S06    25”    UDHNA    164
“S06    25”    MAJURA    165
“S06    25”    CHORYASI    168
“S06    25”    JALALPORE    174
“S06    25”    NAVSARI    175
“S06    25”    GANDEVI    176
GJ    VALSAD    “S06    26”    DANGS    173
“S06    26”    VANSDA    177
“S06    26”    DHARAMPUR    178
“S06    26”    VALSAD    179
“S06    26”    PARDI    180
“S06    26”    KAPRADA    181
“S06    26”    UMBERGAON    182
HR    AMBALA    “S07    1”    KALKA    1
“S07    1”    PANCHKULA    2
“S07    1”    NARAINGARH    3
“S07    1”    AMBALA CANTT.    4
“S07    1”    AMBALA CITY    5
“S07    1”    MULANA    6
“S07    1”    SADHAURA    7
“S07    1”    JAGADHRI    8
“S07    1”    YAMUNANAGAR    9
HR    KURUKSHETRA    “S07    2”    RADAUR    10
“S07    2”    LADWA    11
“S07    2”    SHAHBAD    12
“S07    2”    THANESAR    13
“S07    2”    PEHOWA    14
“S07    2”    GUHLA    15
“S07    2”    KALAYAT    16
“S07    2”    KAITHAL    17
“S07    2”    PUNDRI    18
HR    SIRSA    “S07    3”    NARWANA    38
“S07    3”    TOHANA    39
“S07    3”    FATEHABAD    40
“S07    3”    RATIA    41
“S07    3”    KALAWALI    42
“S07    3”    DABWALI    43
“S07    3”    RANIA    44
“S07    3”    SIRSA    45
“S07    3”    ELLENABAD    46
HR    HISAR    “S07    4”    UCHANA KALAN    37
“S07    4”    ADAMPUR    47
“S07    4”    UKLANA    48
“S07    4”    NARNAUND    49
“S07    4”    HANSI    50
“S07    4”    BARWALA    51
“S07    4”    HISAR    52
“S07    4”    NALWA    53
“S07    4”    BAWANI KHERA    59
HR    KARNAL    “S07    5”    NILOKHERI    19
“S07    5”    INDRI    20
“S07    5”    KARNAL    21
“S07    5”    GHARAUNDA    22
“S07    5”    ASSANDH    23
“S07    5”    PANIPAT RURAL    24
“S07    5”    PANIPAT CITY    25
“S07    5”    ISRANA    26
“S07    5”    SAMALKHA    27
HR    SONIPAT    “S07    6”    GANAUR    28
“S07    6”    RAI    29
“S07    6”    KHARKHAUDA    30
“S07    6”    SONIPAT    31
“S07    6”    GOHANA    32
“S07    6”    BARODA    33
“S07    6”    JULANA    34
“S07    6”    SAFIDON    35
“S07    6”    JIND    36
HR    ROHTAK    “S07    7”    MEHAM    60
“S07    7”    GARHI SAMPLA-KILOI    61
“S07    7”    ROHTAK    62
“S07    7”    KALANAUR    63
“S07    7”    BAHADURGARH    64
“S07    7”    BADLI    65
“S07    7”    JHAJJAR    66
“S07    7”    BERI    67
“S07    7”    KOSLI    73
HR    BHIWANI-MAHENDRAGARH    “S07    8”    LOHARU    54
“S07    8”    BADHRA    55
“S07    8”    DADRI    56
“S07    8”    BHIWANI    57
“S07    8”    TOSHAM    58
“S07    8”    ATELI    68
“S07    8”    MAHENDRAGARH    69
“S07    8”    NARNAUL    70
“S07    8”    NANGAL CHAUDHRY    71
HR    GURGAON    “S07    9”    BAWAL    72
“S07    9”    REWARI    74
“S07    9”    PATAUDI    75
“S07    9”    BADSHAHPUR    76
“S07    9”    GURGAON    77
“S07    9”    SOHNA    78
“S07    9”    NUH    79
“S07    9”    FEROZEPUR JHIRKA    80
“S07    9”    PUNAHANA    81
HR    FARIDABAD    “S07    10”    HATHIN    82
“S07    10”    HODAL    83
“S07    10”    PALWAL    84
“S07    10”    PRITHLA    85
“S07    10”    FARIDABAD NIT    86
“S07    10”    BADKHAL    87
“S07    10”    BALLABHGARH    88
“S07    10”    FARIDABAD    89
“S07    10”    TIGAON    90
HP    KANGRA    “S08    1”    CHURAH    1
“S08    1”    CHAMBA    3
“S08    1”    DALHOUSIE    4
“S08    1”    BHATTIYAT    5
“S08    1”    NURPUR    6
“S08    1”    INDORA    7
“S08    1”    FATEHPUR    8
“S08    1”    JAWALI    9
“S08    1”    JAWALAMUKHI    12
“S08    1”    JAISINGHPUR    13
“S08    1”    SULLAH    14
“S08    1”    NAGROTA    15
“S08    1”    KANGRA    16
“S08    1”    SHAHPUR    17
“S08    1”    DHARAMSHALA    18
“S08    1”    PALAMPUR    19
“S08    1”    BAIJNATH    20
HP    MANDI    “S08    2”    BHARMOUR    2
“S08    2”    LAHAUL & SPITI    21
“S08    2”    MANALI    22
“S08    2”    KULLU    23
“S08    2”    BANJAR    24
“S08    2”    ANNI    25
“S08    2”    KARSOG    26
“S08    2”    SUNDERNAGAR    27
“S08    2”    NACHAN    28
“S08    2”    SERAJ    29
“S08    2”    DARANG    30
“S08    2”    JOGINDERNAGAR    31
“S08    2”    MANDI    33
“S08    2”    BALH    34
“S08    2”    SARKAGHAT    35
“S08    2”    RAMPUR    66
“S08    2”    KINNAUR    68
HP    HAMIRPUR    “S08    3”    DEHRA    10
“S08    3”    JASWAN-PRAGPUR    11
“S08    3”    DHARAMPUR    32
“S08    3”    BHORANJ    36
“S08    3”    SUJANPUR    37
“S08    3”    HAMIRPUR    38
“S08    3”    BARSAR    39
“S08    3”    NADAUN    40
“S08    3”    CHINTPURNI    41
“S08    3”    GAGRET    42
“S08    3”    HAROLI    43
“S08    3”    UNA    44
“S08    3”    KUTLEHAR    45
“S08    3”    JHANDUTA    46
“S08    3”    GHUMARWIN    47
“S08    3”    BILASPUR    48
“S08    3”    SRI NAINA DEVIJI    49
HP    SHIMLA    “S08    4”    ARKI    50
“S08    4”    NALAGARH    51
“S08    4”    DOON    52
“S08    4”    SOLAN    53
“S08    4”    KASAULI    54
“S08    4”    PACHHAD    55
“S08    4”    NAHAN    56
“S08    4”    SRI RENUKAJI    57
“S08    4”    PAONTA SAHIB    58
“S08    4”    SHILLAI    59
“S08    4”    CHOPAL    60
“S08    4”    THEOG    61
“S08    4”    KASUMPTI    62
“S08    4”    SHIMLA    63
“S08    4”    SHIMLA RURAL    64
“S08    4”    JUBBAL-KOTKHAI    65
“S08    4”    ROHRU    67
JK    BARAMULLA    “S09    1”    KARNAH    1
“S09    1”    KUPWARA    2
“S09    1”    LOLAB    3
“S09    1”    HANDWARA    4
“S09    1”    LANGATE    5
“S09    1”    URI    6
“S09    1”    RAFIABAD    7
“S09    1”    SOPORE    8
“S09    1”    GUREZ    9
“S09    1”    BANDIPORA    10
“S09    1”    SONAWARI    11
“S09    1”    SANGRAMA    12
“S09    1”    BARAMULLA    13
“S09    1”    GULMARG    14
“S09    1”    PATTAN    15
JK    SRINAGAR    “S09    2”    KANGAN    16
“S09    2”    GANDERBAL    17
“S09    2”    HAZRATBAL    18
“S09    2”    ZADIBAL    19
“S09    2”    EIDGAH    20
“S09    2”    KHANYAR    21
“S09    2”    HABBA KADAL    22
“S09    2”    AMIRA KADAL    23
“S09    2”    SONAWAR    24
“S09    2”    BATMALOO    25
“S09    2”    CHADOORA    26
“S09    2”    BUDGAM    27
“S09    2”    BEERWAH    28
“S09    2”    KHAN SAHIB    29
“S09    2”    CHRAR-I-SHARIEF    30
JK    ANANTNAG    “S09    3”    TRAL    31
“S09    3”    PAMPORE    32
“S09    3”    PULWAMA    33
“S09    3”    RAJPORA    34
“S09    3”    WACHI    35
“S09    3”    SHOPIAN    36
“S09    3”    NOORABAD    37
“S09    3”    KULGAM    38
“S09    3”    HOM SHALI BUGH    39
“S09    3”    ANANTNAG    40
“S09    3”    DEVSAR    41
“S09    3”    DOORU    42
“S09    3”    KOKERNAG    43
“S09    3”    SHANGUS    44
“S09    3”    BIJBEHARA    45
“S09    3”    PAHALGAM    46
JK    LADAKH    “S09    4”    NUBRA    47
“S09    4”    LEH    48
“S09    4”    KARGIL    49
“S09    4”    ZANSKAR    50
JK    UDHAMPUR    “S09    5”    KISHTWAR    51
“S09    5”    INDERWAL    52
“S09    5”    DODA    53
“S09    5”    BHADERWAH    54
“S09    5”    RAMBAN    55
“S09    5”    BANIHAL    56
“S09    5”    GULAB GARH    57
“S09    5”    REASI    58
“S09    5”    GOOL ARNAS    59
“S09    5”    UDHAMPUR    60
“S09    5”    CHENANI    61
“S09    5”    RAM NAGAR    62
“S09    5”    BANI    63
“S09    5”    BASOHLI    64
“S09    5”    KATHUA    65
“S09    5”    BILLAWAR    66
“S09    5”    HIRA NAGAR    67
JK    JAMMU    “S09    6”    SAMBA    68
“S09    6”    VIJAY PUR    69
“S09    6”    NAGROTA    70
“S09    6”    GANDHI NAGAR    71
“S09    6”    JAMMU EAST    72
“S09    6”    JAMMU WEST    73
“S09    6”    BISHNAH    74
“S09    6”    RANBIR SINGH PURA    75
“S09    6”    SUCHET GARH    76
“S09    6”    MARH    77
“S09    6”    RAIPUR DOMANA    78
“S09    6”    AKHNOOR    79
“S09    6”    CHHAMB    80
“S09    6”    NOWSHERA    81
“S09    6”    DARHAL    82
“S09    6”    RAJOURI    83
“S09    6”    KALA KOTE    84
“S09    6”    SURAN KOTE    85
“S09    6”    MENDHAR    86
“S09    6”    POONCH HAVELI    87
KA    CHIKKODI    “S10    1”    NIPPANI    1
“S10    1”    CHIKKODI-SADALGA    2
“S10    1”    ATHANI    3
“S10    1”    KAGWAD    4
“S10    1”    KUDACHI    5
“S10    1”    RAYBAG    6
“S10    1”    HUKKERI    7
“S10    1”    YEMKANMARDI    10
KA    BELGAUM    “S10    2”    ARABHAVI    8
“S10    2”    GOKAK    9
“S10    2”    BELGAUM UTTAR    11
“S10    2”    BELGAUM DAKSHIN    12
“S10    2”    BELGAUM RURAL    13
“S10    2”    BAILHONGAL    16
“S10    2”    SAUNDATTI YELLAMMA    17
“S10    2”    RAMDURG    18
KA    BAGALKOT    “S10    3”    MUDHOL    19
“S10    3”    TERDAL    20
“S10    3”    JAMKHANDI    21
“S10    3”    BILGI    22
“S10    3”    BADAMI    23
“S10    3”    BAGALKOT    24
“S10    3”    HUNGUND    25
“S10    3”    NARGUND    68
KA    BIJAPUR    “S10    4”    MUDDEBIHAL    26
“S10    4”    DEVAR HIPPARGI    27
“S10    4”    BASAVANA BAGEVADI    28
“S10    4”    BABALESHWAR    29
“S10    4”    BIJAPUR CITY    30
“S10    4”    NAGTHAN    31
“S10    4”    INDI    32
“S10    4”    SINDGI    33
KA    GULBARGA    “S10    5”    AFZALPUR    34
“S10    5”    JEVARGI    35
“S10    5”    GURMITKAL    39
“S10    5”    CHITTAPUR    40
“S10    5”    SEDAM    41
“S10    5”    GULBARGA RURAL    43
“S10    5”    GULBARGA DAKSHIN    44
“S10    5”    GULBARGA UTTAR    45
KA    RAICHUR    “S10    6”    SHORAPUR    36
“S10    6”    SHAHAPUR    37
“S10    6”    YADGIR    38
“S10    6”    RAICHUR RURAL    53
“S10    6”    RAICHUR    54
“S10    6”    MANVI    55
“S10    6”    DEVADURGA    56
“S10    6”    LINGSUGUR    57
KA    BIDAR    “S10    7”    CHINCHOLI    42
“S10    7”    ALAND    46
“S10    7”    BASAVAKALYAN    47
“S10    7”    HOMNABAD    48
“S10    7”    BIDAR SOUTH    49
“S10    7”    BIDAR    50
“S10    7”    BHALKI    51
“S10    7”    AURAD    52
KA    KOPPAL    “S10    8”    SINDHANUR    58
“S10    8”    MASKI    59
“S10    8”    KUSHTAGI    60
“S10    8”    KANAKAGIRI    61
“S10    8”    GANGAWATI    62
“S10    8”    YELBURGA    63
“S10    8”    KOPPAL    64
“S10    8”    SIRUGUPPA    92
KA    BELLARY    “S10    9”    HADAGALLI    88
“S10    9”    HAGARIBOMMANAHALLI    89
“S10    9”    VIJAYANAGARA    90
“S10    9”    KAMPLI    91
“S10    9”    BELLARY    93
“S10    9”    BELLARY CITY    94
“S10    9”    SANDUR    95
“S10    9”    KUDLIGI    96
KA    HAVERI    “S10    10”    SHIRAHATTI    65
“S10    10”    GADAG    66
“S10    10”    RON    67
“S10    10”    HANGAL    82
“S10    10”    HAVERI    84
“S10    10”    BYADGI    85
“S10    10”    HIREKERUR    86
“S10    10”    RANIBENNUR    87
KA    DHARWAD    “S10    11”    NAVALGUND    69
“S10    11”    KUNDGOL    70
“S10    11”    DHARWAD    71
“S10    11”    HUBLI-DHARWAD-EAST    72
“S10    11”    HUBLI-DHARWAD-CENTRAL    73
“S10    11”    HUBLI-DHARWAD- WEST    74
“S10    11”    KALGHATGI    75
“S10    11”    SHIGGAON    83
KA    UTTARA KANNADA    “S10    12”    KHANAPUR    14
“S10    12”    KITTUR    15
“S10    12”    HALIYAL    76
“S10    12”    KARWAR    77
“S10    12”    KUMTA    78
“S10    12”    BHATKAL    79
“S10    12”    SIRSI    80
“S10    12”    YELLAPUR    81
KA    DAVANAGERE    “S10    13”    JAGALUR    103
“S10    13”    HARAPANAHALLI    104
“S10    13”    HARIHAR    105
“S10    13”    DAVANAGERE NORTH    106
“S10    13”    DAVANAGERE SOUTH    107
“S10    13”    MAYAKONDA    108
“S10    13”    CHANNAGIRI    109
“S10    13”    HONNALI    110
KA    SHIMOGA    “S10    14”    SHIMOGA RURAL    111
“S10    14”    BHADRAVATI    112
“S10    14”    SHIMOGA    113
“S10    14”    TIRTHAHALLI    114
“S10    14”    SHIKARIPURA    115
“S10    14”    SORAB    116
“S10    14”    SAGAR    117
“S10    14”    BYNDOOR    118
KA    UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR    “S10    15”    KUNDAPURA    119
“S10    15”    UDUPI    120
“S10    15”    KAPU    121
“S10    15”    KARKAL    122
“S10    15”    SRINGERI    123
“S10    15”    MUDIGERE    124
“S10    15”    CHIKMAGALUR    125
“S10    15”    TARIKERE    126
KA    HASSAN    “S10    16”    KADUR    127
“S10    16”    SHRAVANABELAGOLA    193
“S10    16”    ARSIKERE    194
“S10    16”    BELUR    195
“S10    16”    HASSAN    196
“S10    16”    HOLENARASIPUR    197
“S10    16”    ARKALGUD    198
“S10    16”    SAKLESHPUR    199
KA    DAKSHINA KANNADA    “S10    17”    BELTHANGADY    200
“S10    17”    MOODABIDRI    201
“S10    17”    MANGALORE CITY NORTH    202
“S10    17”    MANGALORE CITY SOUTH    203
“S10    17”    MANGALORE    204
“S10    17”    BANTVAL    205
“S10    17”    PUTTUR    206
“S10    17”    SULLIA    207
KA    CHITRADURGA    “S10    18”    MOLAKALMURU    97
“S10    18”    CHALLAKERE    98
“S10    18”    CHITRADURGA    99
“S10    18”    HIRIYUR    100
“S10    18”    HOSADURGA    101
“S10    18”    HOLALKERE    102
“S10    18”    SIRA    136
“S10    18”    PAVAGADA    137
KA    TUMKUR    “S10    19”    CHIKNAYAKANHALLI    128
“S10    19”    TIPTUR    129
“S10    19”    TURUVEKERE    130
“S10    19”    TUMKUR CITY    132
“S10    19”    TUMKUR RURAL    133
“S10    19”    KORATAGERE    134
“S10    19”    GUBBI    135
“S10    19”    MADHUGIRI    138
KA    MANDYA    “S10    20”    MALAVALLI    186
“S10    20”    MADDUR    187
“S10    20”    MELUKOTE    188
“S10    20”    MANDYA    189
“S10    20”    SHRIRANGAPATTANA    190
“S10    20”    NAGAMANGALA    191
“S10    20”    KRISHNARAJPET    192
“S10    20”    KRISHNARAJANAGARA    211
KA    MYSORE    “S10    21”    MADIKERI    208
“S10    21”    VIRAJPET    209
“S10    21”    PIRIYAPATNA    210
“S10    21”    HUNSUR    212
“S10    21”    CHAMUNDESHWARI    215
“S10    21”    KRISHNARAJA    216
“S10    21”    CHAMARAJA    217
“S10    21”    NARASIMHARAJA    218
KA    CHAMARAJANAGAR    “S10    22”    HEGGADADEVANKOTE    213
“S10    22”    NANJANGUD    214
“S10    22”    VARUNA    219
“S10    22”    T.NARASIPUR    220
“S10    22”    HANUR    221
“S10    22”    KOLLEGAL    222
“S10    22”    CHAMARAJANAGAR    223
“S10    22”    GUNDLUPET    224
KA    BANGALORE RURAL    “S10    23”    KUNIGAL    131
“S10    23”    RAJARAJESHWARINAGAR    154
“S10    23”    BANGALORE SOUTH    176
“S10    23”    ANEKAL    177
“S10    23”    MAGADI    182
“S10    23”    RAMANAGARAM    183
“S10    23”    KANAKAPURA    184
“S10    23”    CHANNAPATNA    185
KA    BANGALORE NORTH    “S10    24”    K.R.PURA    151
“S10    24”    BYATARAYANAPURA    152
“S10    24”    YESHVANTHAPURA    153
“S10    24”    DASARAHALLI    155
“S10    24”    MAHALAKSHMI LAYOUT    156
“S10    24”    MALLESHWARAM    157
“S10    24”    HEBBAL    158
“S10    24”    PULAKESHINAGAR    159
KA    BANGALORE CENTRAL    “S10    25”    SARVAGNANAGAR    160
“S10    25”    C.V. RAMAN NAGAR    161
“S10    25”    SHIVAJINAGAR    162
“S10    25”    SHANTI NAGAR    163
“S10    25”    GANDHI NAGAR    164
“S10    25”    RAJAJI NAGAR    165
“S10    25”    CHAMRAJPET    168
“S10    25”    MAHADEVAPURA    174
KA    BANGALORE SOUTH    “S10    26”    GOVINDRAJ NAGAR    166
“S10    26”    VIJAY NAGAR    167
“S10    26”    CHICKPET    169
“S10    26”    BASAVANAGUDI    170
“S10    26”    PADMANABA NAGAR    171
“S10    26”    B.T.M LAYOUT    172
“S10    26”    JAYANAGAR    173
“S10    26”    BOMMANAHALLI    175
KA    CHIKKBALLAPUR    “S10    27”    GAURIBIDANUR    139
“S10    27”    BAGEPALLI    140
“S10    27”    CHIKKABALLAPUR    141
“S10    27”    YELAHANKA    150
“S10    27”    HOSAKOTE    178
“S10    27”    DEVANAHALLI    179
“S10    27”    DODDABALLAPUR    180
“S10    27”    NELAMANGALA    181
KA    KOLAR    “S10    28”    SIDLAGHATTA    142
“S10    28”    CHINTAMANI    143
“S10    28”    SRINIVASPUR    144
“S10    28”    MULBAGAL    145
“S10    28”    KOLAR GOLD FIELD    146
“S10    28”    BANGARAPET    147
“S10    28”    KOLAR    148
“S10    28”    MALUR    149
KL    KASARAGOD    “S11    1”    MANJESHWAR    1
“S11    1”    KASARAGOD    2
“S11    1”    UDUMA    3
“S11    1”    KANHANGAD    4
“S11    1”    TRIKARIPUR    5
“S11    1”    PAYYANNUR    6
“S11    1”    KALLIASSERI    7
KL    KANNUR    “S11    2”    TALIPARAMBA    8
“S11    2”    IRIKKUR    9
“S11    2”    AZHIKODE    10
“S11    2”    KANNUR    11
“S11    2”    DHARMADAM    12
“S11    2”    MATTANNUR    15
“S11    2”    PERAVOOR    16
KL    VADAKARA    “S11    3”    THALASSERY    13
“S11    3”    KUTHUPARAMBA    14
“S11    3”    VADAKARA    20
“S11    3”    KUTTIADI    21
“S11    3”    NADAPURAM    22
“S11    3”    QUILANDY    23
“S11    3”    PERAMBRA    24
KL    WAYANAD    “S11    4”    MANANTHAVADY    17
“S11    4”    SULTHANBATHERY    18
“S11    4”    KALPETTA    19
“S11    4”    THIRUVANMBADI    32
“S11    4”    ERNAD    34
“S11    4”    NILAMBUR    35
“S11    4”    WANDOOR    36
KL    KOZHIKODE    “S11    5”    BALUSSERI    25
“S11    5”    ELATHUR    26
“S11    5”    KOZHIKODE NORTH    27
“S11    5”    KOZHIKODE SOUTH    28
“S11    5”    BEYPORE    29
“S11    5”    KUNNAMANGALAM    30
“S11    5”    KODUVALLY    31
KL    MALAPPURAM    “S11    6”    KONDOTTY    33
“S11    6”    MANJERI    37
“S11    6”    PERINTHALMANNA    38
“S11    6”    MANKADA    39
“S11    6”    MALAPPURAM    40
“S11    6”    VENGARA    41
“S11    6”    VALLIKKUNNU    42
KL    PONNANI    “S11    7”    TIRURANGADI    43
“S11    7”    TANUR    44
“S11    7”    TIRUR    45
“S11    7”    KOTTAKKAL    46
“S11    7”    THAVANUR    47
“S11    7”    PONNANI    48
“S11    7”    THRITHALA    49
KL    PALAKKAD    “S11    8”    PATTAMBI    50
“S11    8”    SHORANUR    51
“S11    8”    OTTAPPALAM    52
“S11    8”    KONGAD    53
“S11    8”    MANNARKKAD    54
“S11    8”    MALAMPUZHA    55
“S11    8”    PALAKKAD    56
KL    ALATHUR    “S11    9”    TARUR    57
“S11    9”    CHITTUR    58
“S11    9”    NEMMARA    59
“S11    9”    ALATHUR    60
“S11    9”    CHELAKKARA    61
“S11    9”    KUNNAMKULAM    62
“S11    9”    WADAKKANCHERY    65
KL    THRISSUR    “S11    10”    GURUVAYOOR    63
“S11    10”    MANALUR    64
“S11    10”    OLLUR    66
“S11    10”    THRISSUR    67
“S11    10”    NATTIKA    68
“S11    10”    IRINJALAKUDA    70
“S11    10”    PUTHUKKAD    71
KL    CHALAKUDY    “S11    11”    KAIPAMANGALAM    69
“S11    11”    CHALAKUDY    72
“S11    11”    KODUNGALLUR    73
“S11    11”    PERUMBAVOOR    74
“S11    11”    ANGAMALY    75
“S11    11”    ALUVA    76
“S11    11”    KUNNATHUNAD    84
KL    ERNAKULAM    “S11    12”    KALAMASSERY    77
“S11    12”    PARAVUR    78
“S11    12”    VYPEEN    79
“S11    12”    KOCHI    80
“S11    12”    THRIPPUNITHURA    81
“S11    12”    ERNAKULAM    82
“S11    12”    THRIKKAKARA    83
KL    IDUKKI    “S11    13”    MUVATTUPUZHA    86
“S11    13”    KOTHAMANGALAM    87
“S11    13”    DEVIKULAM    88
“S11    13”    UDUMBANCHOLA    89
“S11    13”    THODUPUZHA    90
“S11    13”    IDUKKI    91
“S11    13”    PEERUMADE    92
KL    KOTTAYAM    “S11    14”    PIRAVOM    85
“S11    14”    PALA    93
“S11    14”    KADUTHURUTHY    94
“S11    14”    VAIKOM    95
“S11    14”    ETTUMANOOR    96
“S11    14”    KOTTAYAM    97
“S11    14”    PUTHUPPALLY    98
KL    ALAPPUZHA    “S11    15”    AROOR    102
“S11    15”    CHERTHALA    103
“S11    15”    ALAPPUZHA    104
“S11    15”    AMBALAPPUZHA    105
“S11    15”    HARIPAD    107
“S11    15”    KAYAMKULAM    108
“S11    15”    KARUNAGAPPALLY    116
KL    MAVELIKKARA    “S11    16”    CHANGANASSERY    99
“S11    16”    KUTTANAD    106
“S11    16”    MAVELIKKARA    109
“S11    16”    CHENGANNUR    110
“S11    16”    KUNNATHUR    118
“S11    16”    KOTTARAKKARA    119
“S11    16”    PATHANAPURAM    120
KL    PATHANAMTHITTA    “S11    17”    KANJIRAPPALLY    100
“S11    17”    POONJAR    101
“S11    17”    THIRUVALLA    111
“S11    17”    RANNI    112
“S11    17”    ARANMULA    113
“S11    17”    KONNI    114
“S11    17”    ADOOR    115
KL    KOLLAM    “S11    18”    CHAVARA    117
“S11    18”    PUNALUR    121
“S11    18”    CHADAYAMANGALAM    122
“S11    18”    KUNDARA    123
“S11    18”    KOLLAM    124
“S11    18”    ERAVIPURAM    125
“S11    18”    CHATHANNOOR    126
KL    ATTINGAL    “S11    19”    VARKALA    127
“S11    19”    ATTINGAL    128
“S11    19”    CHIRAYINKEEZHU    129
“S11    19”    NEDUMANGAD    130
“S11    19”    VAMANAPURAM    131
“S11    19”    ARUVIKKARA    136
“S11    19”    KATTAKKADA    138
KL    THIRUVANANTHAPURAM    “S11    20”    KAZHAKOOTTAM    132
“S11    20”    VATTIYOOUKAVU    133
“S11    20”    THIRUVANANTHAPURAM    134
“S11    20”    NEMOM    135
“S11    20”    PARASSALA    137
“S11    20”    KOVALAM    139
“S11    20”    NEYYATTINKARA    140
MP    MORENA    “S12    1”    SHEOPUR    1
“S12    1”    VIJAYPUR    2
“S12    1”    SABALGARH    3
“S12    1”    JOURA    4
“S12    1”    SUMAWALI    5
“S12    1”    MORENA    6
“S12    1”    DIMANI    7
“S12    1”    AMBAH    8
MP    BHIND    “S12    2”    ATER    9
“S12    2”    BHIND    10
“S12    2”    LAHAR    11
“S12    2”    MEHGAON    12
“S12    2”    GOHAD    13
“S12    2”    SEWDA    20
“S12    2”    BHANDER    21
“S12    2”    DATIA    22
MP    GWALIOR    “S12    3”    GWALIOR RURAL    14
“S12    3”    GWALIOR    15
“S12    3”    GWALIOR EAST    16
“S12    3”    GWALIOR SOUTH    17
“S12    3”    BHITARWAR    18
“S12    3”    DABRA    19
“S12    3”    KARERA    23
“S12    3”    POHARI    24
MP    GUNA    “S12    4”    SHIVPURI    25
“S12    4”    PICHHORE    26
“S12    4”    KOLARAS    27
“S12    4”    BAMORI    28
“S12    4”    GUNA    29
“S12    4”    ASHOK NAGAR    32
“S12    4”    CHANDERI    33
“S12    4”    MUNGAOLI    34
MP    SAGAR    “S12    5”    BINA    35
“S12    5”    KHURAI    36
“S12    5”    SURKHI    37
“S12    5”    NARYOLI    40
“S12    5”    SAGAR    41
“S12    5”    KURWAI    146
“S12    5”    SIRONJ    147
“S12    5”    SHAMSHABAD    148
MP    TIKAMGARH    “S12    6”    TIKAMGARH    43
“S12    6”    JATARA    44
“S12    6”    PRITHVIPUR    45
“S12    6”    NIWARI    46
“S12    6”    KHARGAPUR    47
“S12    6”    MAHARAJPUR    48
“S12    6”    CHHATARPUR    51
“S12    6”    BIJAWAR    52
MP    DAMOH    “S12    7”    DEORI    38
“S12    7”    REHLI    39
“S12    7”    BANDA    42
“S12    7”    MALHARA    53
“S12    7”    PATHARIYA    54
“S12    7”    DAMOH    55
“S12    7”    JABERA    56
“S12    7”    HATTA    57
MP    KHAJURAHO    “S12    8”    CHANDLA    49
“S12    8”    RAJNAGAR    50
“S12    8”    PAWAI    58
“S12    8”    GUNNAOR    59
“S12    8”    PANNA    60
“S12    8”    VIJAYRAGHAVGARH    92
“S12    8”    MURWARA    93
“S12    8”    BAHORIBAND    94
MP    SATNA    “S12    9”    CHITRAKOOT    61
“S12    9”    RAIGAON    62
“S12    9”    SATNA    63
“S12    9”    NAGOD    64
“S12    9”    MAIHAR    65
“S12    9”    AMARPATAN    66
“S12    9”    RAMPUR-BAGHELAN    67
MP    REWA    “S12    10”    SIRMOUR    68
“S12    10”    SEMARIYA    69
“S12    10”    TEONTHAR    70
“S12    10”    MAUGANJ    71
“S12    10”    DEOTALAB    72
“S12    10”    MANGAWAN    73
“S12    10”    REWA    74
“S12    10”    GURH    75
MP    SIDHI    “S12    11”    CHURHAT    76
“S12    11”    SIDHI    77
“S12    11”    SIHAWAL    78
“S12    11”    CHITRANGI    79
“S12    11”    SINGRAULI    80
“S12    11”    DEVSAR    81
“S12    11”    DHAUHANI    82
“S12    11”    BEOHARI    83
MP    SHAHDOL    “S12    12”    JAISINGHNAGAR    84
“S12    12”    JAITPUR    85
“S12    12”    KOTMA    86
“S12    12”    ANUPPUR    87
“S12    12”    PUSHPRAJGARH    88
“S12    12”    BANDHAVGARH    89
“S12    12”    MANPUR    90
“S12    12”    BARWARA    91
MP    JABALPUR    “S12    13”    PATAN    95
“S12    13”    BARGI    96
“S12    13”    JABALPUR PURBA    97
“S12    13”    JABALPUR UTTAR    98
“S12    13”    JABALPUR CANTT.    99
“S12    13”    JABALPUR PASCHIM    100
“S12    13”    PANAGAR    101
“S12    13”    SIHORA    102
MP    MANDLA    “S12    14”    SHAHPURA    103
“S12    14”    DINDORI    104
“S12    14”    BICHHIYA    105
“S12    14”    NIWAS    106
“S12    14”    MANDLA    107
“S12    14”    KEOLARI    116
“S12    14”    LAKHNADON    117
“S12    14”    GOTEGAON    118
MP    BALAGHAT    “S12    15”    BAIHAR    108
“S12    15”    LANJI    109
“S12    15”    PARASWADA    110
“S12    15”    BALAGHAT    111
“S12    15”    WARASEONI    112
“S12    15”    KATANGI    113
“S12    15”    BARGHAT    114
“S12    15”    SEONI    115
MP    CHHINDWARA    “S12    16”    JUNNARDEO    122
“S12    16”    AMARWARA    123
“S12    16”    CHURAI    124
“S12    16”    SAUNSAR    125
“S12    16”    CHHINDWARA    126
“S12    16”    PARASIA    127
“S12    16”    PANDHURNA    128
MP    HOSHANGABAD    “S12    17”    NARSINGPUR    119
“S12    17”    TENDUKHEDA    120
“S12    17”    GADARWARA    121
“S12    17”    SEONI-MALWA    136
“S12    17”    HOSHANGABAD    137
“S12    17”    SOHAGPUR    138
“S12    17”    PIPARIYA    139
“S12    17”    UDAIPURA    140
MP    VIDISHA    “S12    18”    BHOJPUR    141
“S12    18”    SANCHI    142
“S12    18”    SILWANI    143
“S12    18”    VIDISHA    144
“S12    18”    BASODA    145
“S12    18”    BUDHNI    156
“S12    18”    ICHHAWAR    158
“S12    18”    KHATEGAON    173
MP    BHOPAL    “S12    19”    BERASIA    149
“S12    19”    BHOPAL UTTAR    150
“S12    19”    NARELA    151
“S12    19”    BHOPAL DAKSHIN- PASCHIM    152
“S12    19”    BHOPAL MADHYA    153
“S12    19”    GOVINDPURA    154
“S12    19”    HUZUR    155
“S12    19”    SEHORE    159
MP    RAJGARH    “S12    20”    CHACHOURA    30
“S12    20”    RAGHOGARH    31
“S12    20”    NARSINGHGARH    160
“S12    20”    BIAORA    161
“S12    20”    RAJGARH    162
“S12    20”    KHILCHIPUR    163
“S12    20”    SARANGPUR    164
“S12    20”    SUSNER    165
MP    DEWAS    “S12    21”    ASHTA    157
“S12    21”    AGAR    166
“S12    21”    SHAJAPUR    167
“S12    21”    SHUJALPUR    168
“S12    21”    KALAPIPAL    169
“S12    21”    SONKATCH    170
“S12    21”    DEWAS    171
“S12    21”    HATPIPLIYA    172
MP    UJJAIN    “S12    22”    NAGADA-KHACHROD    212
“S12    22”    MAHIDPUR    213
“S12    22”    TARANA    214
“S12    22”    GHATIYA    215
“S12    22”    UJJAIN UTTAR    216
“S12    22”    UJJAIN DAKSHIN    217
“S12    22”    BADNAGAR    218
“S12    22”    ALOT    223
MP    MANDSOUR    “S12    23”    JAORA    222
“S12    23”    MANDSOUR    224
“S12    23”    MALHARGARH    225
“S12    23”    SUWASRA    226
“S12    23”    GAROTH    227
“S12    23”    MANASA    228
“S12    23”    NEEMUCH    229
“S12    23”    JAWAD    230
MP    RATLAM    “S12    24”    ALIRAJPUR    191
“S12    24”    JOBAT    192
“S12    24”    JHABUA    193
“S12    24”    THANDLA    194
“S12    24”    PETLAWAD    195
“S12    24”    RATLAM RURAL    219
“S12    24”    RATLAM CITY    220
“S12    24”    SAILANA    221
MP    DHAR    “S12    25”    SARDARPUR    196
“S12    25”    GANDHWANI    197
“S12    25”    KUKSHI    198
“S12    25”    MANAWAR    199
“S12    25”    DHARAMPURI    200
“S12    25”    DHAR    201
“S12    25”    BADNAWAR    202
“S12    25”    DR.AMBEDKARNAGAR-MHOW    209
MP    INDORE    “S12    26”    DEPALPUR    203
“S12    26”    INDORE-1    204
“S12    26”    INDORE-2    205
“S12    26”    INDORE-3    206
“S12    26”    INDORE-4    207
“S12    26”    INDORE-5    208
“S12    26”    RAU    210
“S12    26”    SANWER    211
MP    KHARGONE    “S12    27”    MAHESHWAR    183
“S12    27”    KASRAWAD    184
“S12    27”    KHARGONE    185
“S12    27”    BHAGWANPURA    186
“S12    27”    SENDHAWA    187
“S12    27”    RAJPUR    188
“S12    27”    PANSEMAL    189
“S12    27”    BADWANI    190
MP    KHANDWA    “S12    28”    BAGALI    174
“S12    28”    MANDHATA    175
“S12    28”    KHANDWA    177
“S12    28”    PANDHANA    178
“S12    28”    NEPANAGAR    179
“S12    28”    BURHANPUR    180
“S12    28”    BHIKANGAON    181
“S12    28”    BADWAH    182
MP    BETUL    “S12    29”    MULTAI    129
“S12    29”    AMLA    130
“S12    29”    BETUL    131
“S12    29”    GHORADONGRI    132
“S12    29”    BHAINSDEHI    133
“S12    29”    TIMARNI    134
“S12    29”    HARDA    135
“S12    29”    HARSUD    176
MH    NANDURBAR    “S13    1”    AKKALKUWA    1
“S13    1”    SHAHADA    2
“S13    1”    NANDURBAR    3
“S13    1”    NAWAPUR    4
“S13    1”    SAKRI    5
“S13    1”    SHIRPUR    9
MH    DHULE    “S13    2”    DHULE RURAL    6
“S13    2”    DHULE CITY    7
“S13    2”    SINDKHEDA    8
“S13    2”    MALEGAON CENTRAL    114
“S13    2”    MALEGAON OUTER    115
“S13    2”    BAGLAN    116
MH    JALGAON    “S13    3”    JALGAON CITY    13
“S13    3”    JALGAON RURAL    14
“S13    3”    AMALNER    15
“S13    3”    ERANDOL    16
“S13    3”    CHALISGAON    17
“S13    3”    PACHORA    18
MH    RAVER    “S13    4”    CHOPDA    10
“S13    4”    RAVER    11
“S13    4”    BHUSAWAL    12
“S13    4”    JAMNER    19
“S13    4”    MUKTAINAGAR    20
“S13    4”    MALKAPUR    21
MH    BULDHANA    “S13    5”    BULDHANA    22
“S13    5”    CHIKHLI    23
“S13    5”    SINDKHED RAJA    24
“S13    5”    MEHKAR    25
“S13    5”    KHAMGAON    26
“S13    5”    JALGAON (JAMOD)    27
MH    AKOLA    “S13    6”    AKOT    28
“S13    6”    BALAPUR    29
“S13    6”    AKOLA WEST    30
“S13    6”    AKOLA EAST    31
“S13    6”    MURTIJAPUR    32
“S13    6”    RISOD    33
MH    AMRAVATI    “S13    7”    BADNERA    37
“S13    7”    AMRAVATI    38
“S13    7”    TEOSA    39
“S13    7”    DARYAPUR    40
“S13    7”    MELGHAT    41
“S13    7”    ACHALPUR    42
MH    WARDHA    “S13    8”    DHAMAMGAON RAILWAY    36
“S13    8”    MORSHI    43
“S13    8”    ARVI    44
“S13    8”    DEOLI    45
“S13    8”    HINGANGHAT    46
“S13    8”    WARDHA    47
MH    RAMTEK    “S13    9”    KATOL    48
“S13    9”    SAVNER    49
“S13    9”    HINGNA    50
“S13    9”    UMRED    51
“S13    9”    KAMTHI    58
“S13    9”    RAMTEK    59
MH    NAGPUR    “S13    10”    NAGPUR SOUTH WEST    52
“S13    10”    NAGPUR SOUTH    53
“S13    10”    NAGPUR EAST    54
“S13    10”    NAGPUR CENTRAL    55
“S13    10”    NAGPUR WEST    56
“S13    10”    NAGPUR NORTH    57
MH    BHANDARA – GONDIYA    “S13    11”    TUMSAR    60
“S13    11”    BHANDARA    61
“S13    11”    SAKOLI    62
“S13    11”    ARJUNI-MORGAON    63
“S13    11”    TIRORA    64
“S13    11”    GONDIYA    65
MH    GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR    “S13    12”    AMGAON    66
“S13    12”    ARMORI    67
“S13    12”    GADCHIROLI    68
“S13    12”    AHERI    69
“S13    12”    BRAHMAPURI    73
“S13    12”    CHIMUR    74
MH    CHANDRAPUR    “S13    13”    RAJURA    70
“S13    13”    CHANDRAPUR    71
“S13    13”    BALLARPUR    72
“S13    13”    WARORA    75
“S13    13”    WANI    76
“S13    13”    ARNI    80
MH    YAVATMAL-WASHIM    “S13    14”    WASHIM    34
“S13    14”    KARANJA    35
“S13    14”    RALEGAON    77
“S13    14”    YAVATMAL    78
“S13    14”    DIGRAS    79
“S13    14”    PUSAD    81
MH    HINGOLI    “S13    15”    UMARKHED    82
“S13    15”    KINWAT    83
“S13    15”    HADGAON    84
“S13    15”    BASMATH    92
“S13    15”    KALAMNURI    93
“S13    15”    HINGOLI    94
MH    NANDED    “S13    16”    BHOKAR    85
“S13    16”    NANDED NORTH    86
“S13    16”    NANDED SOUTH    87
“S13    16”    NAIGAON    89
“S13    16”    DEGLUR    90
“S13    16”    MUKHED    91
MH    PARBHANI    “S13    17”    JINTUR    95
“S13    17”    PARBHANI    96
“S13    17”    GANGAKHED    97
“S13    17”    PATHRI    98
“S13    17”    PARTUR    99
“S13    17”    GHANSAWANGI    100
MH    JALNA    “S13    18”    101. JALNA    101
“S13    18”    BADNAPUR    102
“S13    18”    BHOKARDAN    103
“S13    18”    SILLOD    104
“S13    18”    PHULAMBRI    106
“S13    18”    PAITHAN    110
MH    AURANGABAD    “S13    19”    KANNAD    105
“S13    19”    AURANGABAD CENTRAL    107
“S13    19”    AURANGABAD WEST    108
“S13    19”    AURANGABAD EAST    109
“S13    19”    GANGAPUR    111
“S13    19”    VAIJAPUR    112
MH    DINDORI    “S13    20”    NANDGAON    113
“S13    20”    KALWAN    117
“S13    20”    CHANDVAD    118
“S13    20”    YEVLA    119
“S13    20”    NIPHAD    121
“S13    20”    DINDORI    122
MH    NASHIK    “S13    21”    SINNAR    120
“S13    21”    NASHIK EAST    123
“S13    21”    NASHIK CENTRAL    124
“S13    21”    NASHIK WEST    125
“S13    21”    DEVLALI    126
“S13    21”    IGATPURI    127
MH    PALGHAR    “S13    22”    DAHANU    128
“S13    22”    VIKRAMGAD    129
“S13    22”    PALGHAR    130
“S13    22”    BOISAR    131
“S13    22”    NALASOPARA    132
“S13    22”    VASAI    133
MH    BHIWANDI    “S13    23”    BHIWANDI RURAL    134
“S13    23”    SHAHAPUR    135
“S13    23”    BHIWANDI WEST    136
“S13    23”    BHIWANDI EAST    137
“S13    23”    KALYAN WEST    138
“S13    23”    MURBAD    139
MH    KALYAN    “S13    24”    AMBERNATH    140
“S13    24”    ULHAS NAGAR    141
“S13    24”    KALYAN EAST    142
“S13    24”    DOMBIVALI    143
“S13    24”    KALYAN RURAL    144
“S13    24”    MUMBRA-KALWA    149
MH    THANE    “S13    25”    MIRA BHAYANDAR    145
“S13    25”    OVALA – MAJIWADA    146
“S13    25”    KOPRI-PACHPAKHADI    147
“S13    25”    THANE    148
“S13    25”    AIROLI    150
“S13    25”    BELAPUR    151
MH    MUMBAI NORTH    “S13    26”    BORIVALI    152
“S13    26”    DAHISAR    153
“S13    26”    MAGATHANE    154
“S13    26”    KANDIVALI EAST    160
“S13    26”    CHARKOP    161
“S13    26”    MALAD WEST    162
MH    MUMBAI NORTH WEST    “S13    27”    JOGESHWARI EAST    158
“S13    27”    DINDOSHI    159
“S13    27”    GOREGAON    163
“S13    27”    VERSOVA    164
“S13    27”    ANDHERI WEST    165
“S13    27”    ANDHERI EAST    166
MH    MUMBAI NORTH EAST    “S13    28”    MULUND    155
“S13    28”    VIKHROLI    156
“S13    28”    BHANDUP WEST    157
“S13    28”    GHATKOPAR WEST    169
“S13    28”    GHATKOPAR EAST    170
“S13    28”    MANKHURD SHIVAJI NAGAR    171
MH    MUMBAI NORTH CENTRAL    “S13    29”    VILE PARLE    167
“S13    29”    CHANDIVALI    168
“S13    29”    KURLA    174
“S13    29”    KALINA    175
“S13    29”    VANDRE EAST    176
“S13    29”    VANDRE WEST    177
MH    MUMBAI SOUTH CENTRAL    “S13    30”    ANUSHAKTI NAGAR    172
“S13    30”    CHEMBUR    173
“S13    30”    DHARAVI    178
“S13    30”    SION KOLIWADA    179
“S13    30”    WADALA    180
“S13    30”    MAHIM    181
MH    MUMBAI SOUTH    “S13    31”    WORLI    182
“S13    31”    SHIVADI    183
“S13    31”    BYCULLA    184
“S13    31”    MALABAR HILL    185
“S13    31”    MUMBA DEVI    186
“S13    31”    COLABA    187
MH    RAIGAD    “S13    32”    PEN    191
“S13    32”    ALIBAG    192
“S13    32”    SHRIVARDHAN    193
“S13    32”    MAHAD    194
“S13    32”    DAPOLI    263
“S13    32”    GUHAGAR    264
MH    MAVAL    “S13    33”    PANVEL    188
“S13    33”    KARJAT    189
“S13    33”    URAN    190
“S13    33”    MAVAL    204
“S13    33”    CHINCHWAD    205
“S13    33”    PIMPRI    206
MH    PUNE    “S13    34”    VADGAOL SHERI    208
“S13    34”    SHIVAJINAGAR    209
“S13    34”    KOTHRUD    210
“S13    34”    PARVATI    212
“S13    34”    PUNE CANTONMENT    214
“S13    34”    KASBA PETH    215
MH    BARAMATI    “S13    35”    DAUND    199
“S13    35”    INDAPUR    200
“S13    35”    BARAMATI    201
“S13    35”    PURANDAR    202
“S13    35”    BHOR    203
“S13    35”    KHADAKWASALA    211
MH    SHIRUR    “S13    36”    JUNNAR    195
“S13    36”    AMBEGAON    196
“S13    36”    KHED ALANDI    197
“S13    36”    SHIRUR    198
“S13    36”    BHOSARI    207
“S13    36”    HADAPSAR    213
MH    AHMADNAGAR    “S13    37”    SHEVGAON    222
“S13    37”    RAHURI    223
“S13    37”    PARNER    224
“S13    37”    AHMEDNAGAR CITY    225
“S13    37”    SHRIGONDA    226
“S13    37”    KARJAT JAMKHED    227
MH    SHIRDI    “S13    38”    AKOLE    216
“S13    38”    SANGAMNER    217
“S13    38”    SHIRDI    218
“S13    38”    KOPARGAON    219
“S13    38”    SHRIRAMPUR    220
“S13    38”    NEVASA    221
MH    BEED    “S13    39”    GEORAI    228
“S13    39”    MAJALGAON    229
“S13    39”    BEED    230
“S13    39”    ASHTI    231
“S13    39”    KAIJ    232
“S13    39”    PARLI    233
MH    OSMANABAD    “S13    40”    AUSA    239
“S13    40”    UMARGA    240
“S13    40”    TULJAPUR    241
“S13    40”    OSMANABAD    242
“S13    40”    PARANDA    243
“S13    40”    BARSHI    246
MH    LATUR    “S13    41”    LOHA    88
“S13    41”    LATUR RURAL    234
“S13    41”    LATUR CITY    235
“S13    41”    AHMADPUR    236
“S13    41”    UDGIR    237
“S13    41”    NILANGA    238
MH    SOLAPUR    “S13    42”    MOHOL    247
“S13    42”    SOLAPUR CITY NORTH    248
“S13    42”    SOLAPUR CITY CENTRAL    249
“S13    42”    AKKALKOT    250
“S13    42”    SOLAPUR SOUTH    251
“S13    42”    PANDHARPUR    252
MH    MADHA    “S13    43”    KARMALA    244
“S13    43”    MADHA    245
“S13    43”    SANGOLE    253
“S13    43”    MALSHIRAS    254
“S13    43”    PHALTAN    255
“S13    43”    MAN    258
MH    SANGLI    “S13    44”    MIRAJ    281
“S13    44”    SANGLI    282
“S13    44”    PALUS-KADEGAON    285
“S13    44”    KHANAPUR    286
“S13    44”    TASGAON – KAVATHE MAHANKAL    287
“S13    44”    JAT    288
MH    SATARA    “S13    45”    WAI    256
“S13    45”    KOREGAON    257
“S13    45”    KARAD NORTH    259
“S13    45”    KARAD SOUTH    260
“S13    45”    PATAN    261
“S13    45”    SATARA    262
MH    RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG    “S13    46”    CHIPLUN    265
“S13    46”    RATNAGIRI    266
“S13    46”    RAJAPUR    267
“S13    46”    KANKAVLI    268
“S13    46”    KUDAL    269
“S13    46”    SAWANTWADI    270
MH    KOLHAPUR    “S13    47”    CHANDGAD    271
“S13    47”    RADHANAGARI    272
“S13    47”    KAGAL    273
“S13    47”    KOLHAPUR SOUTH    274
“S13    47”    KARVIR    275
“S13    47”    KOLHAPUR NORTH    276
MH    HATKANANGLE    “S13    48”    SHAHUWADI    277
“S13    48”    HATKANANGLE    278
“S13    48”    ICHALKARANJI    279
“S13    48”    SHIROL    280
“S13    48”    ISLAMPUR    283
“S13    48”    SHIRALA    284
MN    INNER MANIPUR    “S14    1”    KHUNDRAKPAM    1
“S14    1”    HEINGANG    2
“S14    1”    KHURAI    3
“S14    1”    KSHETRIGAO    4
“S14    1”    THONGJU    5
“S14    1”    KEIRAO    6
“S14    1”    ANDRO    7
“S14    1”    LAMLAI    8
“S14    1”    THANGMEIBAND    9
“S14    1”    URIPOK    10
“S14    1”    SAGOLBAND    11
“S14    1”    KEISHAMTHONG    12
“S14    1”    SINGJAMEI    13
“S14    1”    YAISKUL    14
“S14    1”    WANGKHEI    15
“S14    1”    SEKMAI    16
“S14    1”    LAMSANG    17
“S14    1”    KONTHOUJAM    18
“S14    1”    PATSOI    19
“S14    1”    LANGTHABAL    20
“S14    1”    NAORIYA PAKHANGLAKPA    21
“S14    1”    WANGOI    22
“S14    1”    MAYANG IMPHAL    23
“S14    1”    NAMBOL    24
“S14    1”    OINAM    25
“S14    1”    BISHNUPUR    26
“S14    1”    MOIRANG    27
“S14    1”    THANGA    28
“S14    1”    KUMBI    29
“S14    1”    LILONG    30
“S14    1”    THOUBAL    31
“S14    1”    WANGKHEM    32
MN    OUTER MANIPUR    “S14    2”    HEIROK    33
“S14    2”    WANGJING TENTHA    34
“S14    2”    KHANGABOK    35
“S14    2”    WABGAI    36
“S14    2”    KAKCHING    37
“S14    2”    HIYANGLAM    38
“S14    2”    SUGNU    39
“S14    2”    JIRIBAM    40
“S14    2”    CHANDEL (ST)    41
“S14    2”    TENGNOUPAL (ST)    42
“S14    2”    PHUNGYAR (ST)    43
“S14    2”    UKHRUL (ST)    44
“S14    2”    CHINGAI (ST)    45
“S14    2”    SAIKUL (ST)    46
“S14    2”    KARONG (ST)    47
“S14    2”    MAO (ST)    48
“S14    2”    TADUBI (ST)    49
“S14    2”    KANGPOKPI (ST)    50
“S14    2”    SAITU (ST)    51
“S14    2”    TAMEI (ST)    52
“S14    2”    TAMENGLONG (ST)    53
“S14    2”    NUNGBA (ST)    54
“S14    2”    TIPAIMUKH (ST)    55
“S14    2”    THANLON (ST)    56
“S14    2”    HENGLEP (ST)    57
“S14    2”    CHURACHANDPUR (ST)    58
“S14    2”    SAIKOT (ST)    59
“S14    2”    SINGHAT (ST)    60
ML    SHILLONG    “S15    1”    NARTIANG    1
“S15    1”    JOWAI    2
“S15    1”    RALIANG    3
“S15    1”    MOWKAIAW    4
“S15    1”    SUTNGA SAIPUNG    5
“S15    1”    KHLIEHRIAT    6
“S15    1”    AMLAREM    7
“S15    1”    MAWHATI    8
“S15    1”    NONGPOH    9
“S15    1”    JIRANG    10
“S15    1”    UMSNING    11
“S15    1”    UMROI    12
“S15    1”    MAWRYNGKNENG    13
“S15    1”    PYNTHORUMKHRAH    14
“S15    1”    MAWLAI    15
“S15    1”    EAST SHILLONG    16
“S15    1”    NORTH SHILLONG    17
“S15    1”    WEST SHILLONG    18
“S15    1”    SOUTH SHILLONG    19
“S15    1”    MYLLIEM    20
“S15    1”    NONGTHYMMAI    21
“S15    1”    NONGKREM    22
“S15    1”    SOHIONG    23
“S15    1”    MAWPHLANG    24
“S15    1”    MAWSYNRAM    25
“S15    1”    SHELLA    26
“S15    1”    PYNURSLA    27
“S15    1”    SOHRA    28
“S15    1”    MAWKYNREW    29
“S15    1”    MAIRANG    30
“S15    1”    MAWTHADRAISHAN    31
“S15    1”    NONGSTOIN    32
“S15    1”    RAMBRAI JYRNGAM    33
“S15    1”    MAWSHYNRUT    34
“S15    1”    RANIKOR    35
“S15    1”    MAWKYRWAT    36
ML    TURA    “S15    2”    KHARKUTTA    37
“S15    2”    MENDIPATHAR    38
“S15    2”    RESUBELPARA    39
“S15    2”    BAJENGDOBA    40
“S15    2”    SONGSAK    41
“S15    2”    RONGJENG    42
“S15    2”    WILLIAM NAGAR    43
“S15    2”    RAKSAMGRE    44
“S15    2”    TIKRIKILA    45
“S15    2”    PHULBARI    46
“S15    2”    RAJABALA    47
“S15    2”    SELSELLA    48
“S15    2”    DADENGGRE    49
“S15    2”    NORTH TURA    50
“S15    2”    SOUTH TURA    51
“S15    2”    RANGSAKONA    52
“S15    2”    AMPATI    53
“S15    2”    MAHENDRAGANJ    54
“S15    2”    SALMANPARA    55
“S15    2”    GAMBEGRE    56
“S15    2”    DALU    57
“S15    2”    RONGARA SIJU    58
“S15    2”    CHOKPOT    59
“S15    2”    BAGHMARA    60
MZ    MIZORAM    “S16    1”    HACHHEK    1
“S16    1”    DAMPA    2
“S16    1”    MAMIT    3
“S16    1”    TUIRIAL    4
“S16    1”    KOLASIB    5
“S16    1”    SERLUI    6
“S16    1”    TUIVAWL    7
“S16    1”    CHALFILH    8
“S16    1”    TAWI    9
“S16    1”    AIZAWL NORTH – I    10
“S16    1”    AIZAWL NORTH – II    11
“S16    1”    AIZAWL NORTH-III    12
“S16    1”    AIZAWL EAST – I    13
“S16    1”    AIZAWL EAST II    14
“S16    1”    AIZAWL WEST I    15
“S16    1”    AIZAWL WEST II    16
“S16    1”    AIZAWL WEST III    17
“S16    1”    AIZAWL SOUTH I    18
“S16    1”    AIZAWL SOUTH II (AIZAWL X)    19
“S16    1”    AIZAWL SOUTH-III    20
“S16    1”    LENGTENG    21
“S16    1”    TUICHANG    22
“S16    1”    CHAMPHAI NORTH    23
“S16    1”    CHAMPHAI SOUTH    24
“S16    1”    EAST TUIPUI    25
“S16    1”    SERCHHIP    26
“S16    1”    TUIKUM    27
“S16    1”    HRANGTURZO    28
“S16    1”    SOUTH TUIPUI    29
“S16    1”    LUNGLEI NORTH    30
“S16    1”    LUNGLEI EAST    31
“S16    1”    LUNGLEI WEST    32
“S16    1”    LUNGLEI SOUTH    33
“S16    1”    THORANG    34
“S16    1”    WEST TUIPUI    35
“S16    1”    TUICHAWNG    36
“S16    1”    LAWNGTLAI WEST    37
“S16    1”    LAWNGTLAI EAST    38
“S16    1”    SAIHA    39
“S16    1”    PALAK    40
NL    NAGALAND    “S17    1”    DIMAPUR-I    1
“S17    1”    DIMAPUR-II    2
“S17    1”    DIMAPUR-III    3
“S17    1”    GHASPANI-I    4
“S17    1”    GHASPANI-II    5
“S17    1”    TENNING    6
“S17    1”    PEREN    7
“S17    1”    WESTERN ANGAMI    8
“S17    1”    KOHIMA TOWN    9
“S17    1”    NORTHERN ANGAMI-I    10
“S17    1”    NORTHERN ANGAMI-II    11
“S17    1”    TSEMINYU    12
“S17    1”    PUGHOBOTO    13
“S17    1”    SOUTHERN ANGAMI-I    14
“S17    1”    SOUTHERN ANGAMI-II    15
“S17    1”    PFUTSERO    16
“S17    1”    CHIZAMI    17
“S17    1”    CHAZOUBA    18
“S17    1”    PHEK    19
“S17    1”    MELURI    20
“S17    1”    TULI    21
“S17    1”    ARKAKONG    22
“S17    1”    IMPUR    23
“S17    1”    ANGETYONGPANG    24
“S17    1”    MONGOYA    25
“S17    1”    AONGLENDEN    26
“S17    1”    MOKOKCHUNG TOWN    27
“S17    1”    KORIDANG    28
“S17    1”    JANGPETKONG    29
“S17    1”    ALONGTAKI    30
“S17    1”    AKULUTO    31
“S17    1”    ATOIZU    32
“S17    1”    SURUHOTO    33
“S17    1”    AGHUNATO    34
“S17    1”    ZUNHEBOTO    35
“S17    1”    SATAKHA    36
“S17    1”    TYUI    37
“S17    1”    WOKHA    38
“S17    1”    SANIS    39
“S17    1”    BHANDARI    40
“S17    1”    TIZIT    41
“S17    1”    WAKCHING    42
“S17    1”    TAPI    43
“S17    1”    PHOMCHING    44
“S17    1”    TEHOK    45
“S17    1”    MON TOWN    46
“S17    1”    ABOI    47
“S17    1”    MOKA    48
“S17    1”    TAMLU    49
“S17    1”    LONGLENG    50
“S17    1”    NOKSEN    51
“S17    1”    LONGKHIM CHARE    52
“S17    1”    TUENSANG SADAR-I    53
“S17    1”    TUENSANG SADAR-II    54
“S17    1”    TOBU    55
“S17    1”    NOKLAK    56
“S17    1”    THONOKNYU    57
“S17    1”    SHAMATOR CHESSORE    58
“S17    1”    SEYOCHUNG SITIMI    59
“S17    1”    PUNGRO KIPHIRE    60
OR    BARGARH    “S18    1”    PADAMPUR    1
“S18    1”    BIJEPUR    2
“S18    1”    BARGARH    3
“S18    1”    ATTABIRA    4
“S18    1”    BHATLI    5
“S18    1”    BRAJARAJNAGAR    6
“S18    1”    JHARSUGUDA    7
OR    SUNDARGARH    “S18    2”    TALSARA    8
“S18    2”    SUNDARGARH    9
“S18    2”    BIRAMITRAPUR    10
“S18    2”    RAGHUNATHPALI    11
“S18    2”    ROURKELA    12
“S18    2”    RAJGANGAPUR    13
“S18    2”    BONAI    14
OR    SAMBALPUR    “S18    3”    KUCHINDA    15
“S18    3”    RENGALI    16
“S18    3”    SAMBALPUR    17
“S18    3”    RAIRAKHOL    18
“S18    3”    DEOGARH    19
“S18    3”    CHHENDIPADA    62
“S18    3”    ATHAMALLIK    63
OR    KEONJHAR    “S18    4”    TELKOI    20
“S18    4”    GHASIPURA    21
“S18    4”    ANANDAPUR    22
“S18    4”    PATNA    23
“S18    4”    KEONJHAR    24
“S18    4”    CHAMPUA    25
“S18    4”    KARANJIA    30
OR    MAYURBHANJ    “S18    5”    JASHIPUR    26
“S18    5”    SARASKANA    27
“S18    5”    RAIRANGPUR    28
“S18    5”    BANGRIPOSI    29
“S18    5”    UDALA    31
“S18    5”    BARIPADA    33
“S18    5”    MORADA    34
OR    BALASORE    “S18    6”    BADASAHI    32
“S18    6”    JALESWAR    35
“S18    6”    BHOGRAI    36
“S18    6”    BASTA    37
“S18    6”    BALASORE    38
“S18    6”    REMUNA    39
“S18    6”    NILGIRI    40
OR    BHADRAK    “S18    7”    SORO    41
“S18    7”    SIMULIA    42
“S18    7”    BHANDARIPOKHARI    43
“S18    7”    BHADRAK    44
“S18    7”    BASUDEVPUR    45
“S18    7”    DHAMNAGAR    46
“S18    7”    CHANDABALI    47
OR    JAJPUR    “S18    8”    BINJHARPUR    48
“S18    8”    BARI    49
“S18    8”    BARCHANA    50
“S18    8”    DHARMASALA    51
“S18    8”    JAJPUR    52
“S18    8”    KOREI    53
“S18    8”    SUKINDA    54
OR    DHENKANAL    “S18    9”    DHENKANAL    55
“S18    9”    HINDOL    56
“S18    9”    KAMAKHYANAGAR    57
“S18    9”    PARJANGA    58
“S18    9”    PALLAHARA    59
“S18    9”    TALCHER    60
“S18    9”    ANGUL    61
OR    BOLANGIR    “S18    10”    BIRMAHARAJPUR    64
“S18    10”    SONEPUR    65
“S18    10”    LOISINGHA    66
“S18    10”    PATNAGARH    67
“S18    10”    BOLANGIR    68
“S18    10”    TITLAGARH    69
“S18    10”    KANTABANJI    70
OR    KALAHANDI    “S18    11”    NUAPADA    71
“S18    11”    KHARIAR    72
“S18    11”    LANJIGARH    77
“S18    11”    JUNAGARH    78
“S18    11”    DHARMGARH    79
“S18    11”    BHAWANIPATNA    80
“S18    11”    NARLA    81
OR    NABARANGPUR    “S18    12”    UMARKOTE    73
“S18    12”    JHARIGAM    74
“S18    12”    NABARANGPUR    75
“S18    12”    DABUGAM    76
“S18    12”    KOTPAD    142
“S18    12”    MALKANGIRI    146
“S18    12”    CHITRAKONDA    147
OR    KANDHAMAL    “S18    13”    BALIGUDA    82
“S18    13”    G. UDAYAGIRI    83
“S18    13”    PHULBANI    84
“S18    13”    KANTAMAL    85
“S18    13”    BOUDH    86
“S18    13”    DASPALLA    121
“S18    13”    BHANJANAGAR    123
OR    CUTTACK    “S18    14”    BARAMBA    87
“S18    14”    BANKI    88
“S18    14”    ATHAGARH    89
“S18    14”    BARABATI-CUTTACK    90
“S18    14”    CHOUDWAR-CUTTACK    91
“S18    14”    CUTTACK SADAR    93
“S18    14”    KHANDAPADA    120
OR    KENDRAPARA    “S18    15”    SALIPUR    94
“S18    15”    MAHANGA    95
“S18    15”    PATKURA    96
“S18    15”    KENDRAPARA    97
“S18    15”    AUL    98
“S18    15”    RAJANAGAR    99
“S18    15”    MAHAKALAPADA    100
OR    JAGATSINGHPUR    “S18    16”    NIALI    92
“S18    16”    PARADEEP    101
“S18    16”    TIRTOL    102
“S18    16”    BALIKUDA-ERSAMA    103
“S18    16”    JAGATSINGHPUR    104
“S18    16”    KAKATPUR    105
“S18    16”    NIMAPARA    106
OR    PURI    “S18    17”    PURI    107
“S18    17”    BRAMHAGIRI    108
“S18    17”    SATYABADI    109
“S18    17”    PIPILI    110
“S18    17”    CHILIKA    118
“S18    17”    RANPUR    119
“S18    17”    NAYAGARH    122
OR    BHUBANESWAR    “S18    18”    JAYADEV    111
“S18    18”    BHUBANESWAR CENTRAL (MADHYA)    112
“S18    18”    BHUBANESWAR NORTH (UTTAR)    113
“S18    18”    EKAMRA-BHUBANESWAR    114
“S18    18”    JATANI    115
“S18    18”    BEGUNIA    116
“S18    18”    KHURDA    117
OR    ASKA    “S18    19”    POLASARA    124
“S18    19”    KABISURYANGAR    125
“S18    19”    KHALIKOTE    126
“S18    19”    ASKA    128
“S18    19”    SURADA    129
“S18    19”    SANAKHEMUNDI    130
“S18    19”    HINJILI    131
OR    BERHAMPUR    “S18    20”    CHHATRAPUR    127
“S18    20”    GOPALPUR    132
“S18    20”    BERHAMPUR    133
“S18    20”    DIGAPAHANDI    134
“S18    20”    CHIKITI    135
“S18    20”    MOHANA    136
“S18    20”    PARALAKHEMUNDI    137
OR    KORAPUT    “S18    21”    GUNUPUR    138
“S18    21”    BISSAM CUTTACK    139
“S18    21”    RAYAGADA    140
“S18    21”    LAXMIPUR    141
“S18    21”    JEYPORE    143
“S18    21”    KORAPUT    144
“S18    21”    POTTANGI    145
PB    GURDASPUR    “S19    1”    SUJANPUR    1
“S19    1”    BHOA    2
“S19    1”    GURDASPUR    4
“S19    1”    DINA NAGAR    5
“S19    1”    QADIAN    6
“S19    1”    BATALA    7
“S19    1”    FATEHGARH CHURIAN    9
“S19    1”    DERA BABA NANAK    10
PB    AMRITSAR    “S19    2”    AJNALA    11
“S19    2”    RAJA SANSI    12
“S19    2”    MAJITHA    13
“S19    2”    AMRITSAR NORTH    15
“S19    2”    AMRITSAR WEST    16
“S19    2”    AMRITSAR CENTRAL    17
“S19    2”    AMRITSAR EAST    18
“S19    2”    AMRITSAR SOUTH    19
“S19    2”    ATTARI    20
PB    KHADOOR SAHIB    “S19    3”    JANDIALA    14
“S19    3”    TARN TARAN    21
“S19    3”    KHEM KARAN    22
“S19    3”    PATTI    23
“S19    3”    KHADOOR SAHIB    24
“S19    3”    BABA BAKALA    25
“S19    3”    KAPURTHALA    27
“S19    3”    SULTANPUR LODHI    28
“S19    3”    ZIRA    75
PB    JALANDHAR    “S19    4”    TALWARA    3
“S19    4”    PHILLAUR    30
“S19    4”    NAKODAR    31
“S19    4”    SHAHKOT    32
“S19    4”    KARTARPUR    33
“S19    4”    JALANDHAR WEST    34
“S19    4”    JALANDHAR CENTRAL    35
“S19    4”    JALANDHAR NORTH    36
“S19    4”    JALANDHAR CANTT.    37
“S19    4”    ADAMPUR    38
PB    HOSHIARPUR    “S19    5”    SRI HARGOBINDPUR    8
“S19    5”    BHOLATH    26
“S19    5”    PHAGWARA    29
“S19    5”    MUKERIAN    39
“S19    5”    DASUYA    40
“S19    5”    URMAR    41
“S19    5”    SHAM CHAURASI    42
“S19    5”    HOSHIARPUR    43
“S19    5”    CHABBEWAL    44
PB    ANANDPUR SAHIB    “S19    6”    GARHSHANKAR    45
“S19    6”    BANGA    46
“S19    6”    NAWAN SHAHR    47
“S19    6”    BALACHAUR    48
“S19    6”    ANANDPUR SAHIB    49
“S19    6”    RUPNAGAR    50
“S19    6”    CHAMKAUR SAHIB    51
“S19    6”    KHARAR    52
“S19    6”    S.A.S.NAGAR    53
PB    LUDHIANA    “S19    7”    LUDHIANA EAST    60
“S19    7”    LUDHIANA SOUTH    61
“S19    7”    ATAM NAGAR    62
“S19    7”    LUDHIANA CENTRAL    63
“S19    7”    LUDHIANA WEST    64
“S19    7”    LUDHIANA NORTH    65
“S19    7”    GILL    66
“S19    7”    DAKHA    68
“S19    7”    JAGRAON    70
PB    FATEHGARH SAHIB    “S19    8”    BASSI PATHANA    54
“S19    8”    FATEHGARH SAHIB    55
“S19    8”    AMLOH    56
“S19    8”    KHANNA    57
“S19    8”    SAMRALA    58
“S19    8”    SAHNEWAL    59
“S19    8”    PAYAL    67
“S19    8”    RAIKOT    69
“S19    8”    AMARGARH    106
PB    FARIDKOT    “S19    9”    NIHAL SINGHWALA    71
“S19    9”    BHAGHA PURANA    72
“S19    9”    MOGA    73
“S19    9”    DHARAMKOT    74
“S19    9”    GIDDERBAHA    84
“S19    9”    FARIDKOT    87
“S19    9”    KOTKAPURA    88
“S19    9”    JAITU    89
“S19    9”    RAMPURA PHUL    90
PB    FEROZPUR    “S19    10”    FIROZPUR CITY    76
“S19    10”    FIROZPUR RURAL    77
“S19    10”    GURU HAR SAHAI    78
“S19    10”    JALALABAD    79
“S19    10”    FAZILKA    80
“S19    10”    ABOHAR    81
“S19    10”    BALLUANA    82
“S19    10”    MALOUT    85
“S19    10”    MUKTSAR    86
PB    BATHINDA    “S19    11”    LAMBI    83
“S19    11”    BHUCHO MANDI    91
“S19    11”    BATHINDA URBAN    92
“S19    11”    BATHINDA RURAL    93
“S19    11”    TALWANDI SABO    94
“S19    11”    MAUR    95
“S19    11”    MANSA    96
“S19    11”    SARDULGARH    97
“S19    11”    BUDHLADA    98
PB    SANGRUR    “S19    12”    LEHRA    99
“S19    12”    DIRBA    100
“S19    12”    SUNAM    101
“S19    12”    BHADAUR    102
“S19    12”    BARNALA    103
“S19    12”    MEHAL KALAN    104
“S19    12”    MALERKOTLA    105
“S19    12”    DHURI    107
“S19    12”    SANGRUR    108
PB    PATIALA    “S19    13”    NABHA    109
“S19    13”    PATIALA RURAL    110
“S19    13”    RAJPURA    111
“S19    13”    DERA BASSI    112
“S19    13”    GHANAUR    113
“S19    13”    SANOUR    114
“S19    13”    PATIALA    115
“S19    13”    SAMANA    116
“S19    13”    SHUTRANA    117
RJ    GANGANAGAR    “S20    1”    SADULSHAHAR    1
“S20    1”    GANGANAGAR    2
“S20    1”    KARANPUR    3
“S20    1”    SURATGARH    4
“S20    1”    RAISINGH NAGAR    5
“S20    1”    SANGARIA    7
“S20    1”    HANUMANGARH    8
“S20    1”    PILIBANGA    9
RJ    BIKANER    “S20    2”    ANUPGARH    6
“S20    2”    KHAJUWALA    12
“S20    2”    BIKANER WEST    13
“S20    2”    BIKANER EAST    14
“S20    2”    KOLAYAT    15
“S20    2”    LUNKARANSAR    16
“S20    2”    DUNGARGARH    17
“S20    2”    NOKHA    18
RJ    CHURU    “S20    3”    NOHAR    10
“S20    3”    BHADRA    11
“S20    3”    SADULPUR    19
“S20    3”    TARANAGAR    20
“S20    3”    SARDARSHAHAR    21
“S20    3”    CHURU    22
“S20    3”    RATANGARH    23
“S20    3”    SUJANGARH    24
RJ    JHUNJHUNU    “S20    4”    PILANI    25
“S20    4”    SURAJGARH    26
“S20    4”    JHUNJHUNU    27
“S20    4”    MANDAWA    28
“S20    4”    NAWALGARH    29
“S20    4”    UDAIPURWATI    30
“S20    4”    KHETRI    31
“S20    4”    FATEHPUR    32
RJ    SIKAR    “S20    5”    LACHHMANGARH    33
“S20    5”    DHOD    34
“S20    5”    SIKAR    35
“S20    5”    DANTA RAMGARH    36
“S20    5”    KHANDELA    37
“S20    5”    NEEM KA THANA    38
“S20    5”    SRIMADHOPUR    39
“S20    5”    CHOMU    43
RJ    JAIPUR RURAL    “S20    6”    KOTPUTLI    40
“S20    6”    VIRATNAGAR    41
“S20    6”    SHAHPURA    42
“S20    6”    PHULERA    44
“S20    6”    JHOTWARA    46
“S20    6”    AMBER    47
“S20    6”    JAMWA RAMGARH    48
“S20    6”    BANSUR    63
RJ    JAIPUR    “S20    7”    HAWA MAHAL    49
“S20    7”    VIDHYADHAR NAGAR    50
“S20    7”    CIVIL LINES    51
“S20    7”    KISHAN POLE    52
“S20    7”    ADARSH NAGAR    53
“S20    7”    MALVIYA NAGAR    54
“S20    7”    SANGANER    55
“S20    7”    BAGRU    56
RJ    ALWAR    “S20    8”    TIJARA    59
“S20    8”    KISHANGARH BAS    60
“S20    8”    MUNDAWAR    61
“S20    8”    BEHROR    62
“S20    8”    ALWAR RURAL    65
“S20    8”    ALWAR URBAN    66
“S20    8”    RAMGARH    67
“S20    8”    RAJGARH LAXMANGARH    68
RJ    BHARATPUR    “S20    9”    KATHUMAR    69
“S20    9”    KAMAN    70
“S20    9”    NAGAR    71
“S20    9”    DEEG-KUMHER    72
“S20    9”    BHARATPUR    73
“S20    9”    NADBAI    74
“S20    9”    WEIR    75
“S20    9”    BAYANA    76
RJ    KARAULI-DHOLPUR    “S20    10”    BASERI    77
“S20    10”    BARI    78
“S20    10”    DHOLPUR    79
“S20    10”    RAJAKHERA    80
“S20    10”    TODABHIM    81
“S20    10”    HINDAUN    82
“S20    10”    KARAULI    83
“S20    10”    SAPOTRA    84
RJ    DAUSA    “S20    11”    BASSI    57
“S20    11”    CHAKSU    58
“S20    11”    THANAGAZI    64
“S20    11”    BANDIKUI    85
“S20    11”    MAHUWA    86
“S20    11”    SIKRAI    87
“S20    11”    DAUSA    88
“S20    11”    LALSOT    89
RJ    TONK-SAWAI MADHOPUR    “S20    12”    GANGAPUR    90
“S20    12”    BAMANWAS    91
“S20    12”    SAWAI MADHOPUR    92
“S20    12”    KHANDAR    93
“S20    12”    MALPURA    94
“S20    12”    NIWAI    95
“S20    12”    TONK    96
“S20    12”    DEOLI – UNIARA    97
RJ    AJMER    “S20    13”    DUDU    45
“S20    13”    KISHANGARH    98
“S20    13”    PUSHKAR    99
“S20    13”    AJMER NORTH    100
“S20    13”    AJMER SOUTH    101
“S20    13”    NASIRABAD    102
“S20    13”    MASUDA    104
“S20    13”    KEKRI    105
RJ    NAGAUR    “S20    14”    LADNUN    106
“S20    14”    DEEDWANA    107
“S20    14”    JAYAL    108
“S20    14”    NAGAUR    109
“S20    14”    KHINWSAR    110
“S20    14”    MAKRANA    113
“S20    14”    PARBATSAR    114
“S20    14”    NAWAN    115
RJ    PALI    “S20    15”    SOJAT    117
“S20    15”    PALI    118
“S20    15”    MARWAR JUNCTION    119
“S20    15”    BALI    120
“S20    15”    SUMERPUR    121
“S20    15”    OSIAN    125
“S20    15”    BHOPALGARH    126
“S20    15”    BILARA    131
RJ    JODHPUR    “S20    16”    PHALODI    122
“S20    16”    LOHAWAT    123
“S20    16”    SHERGARH    124
“S20    16”    SARDARPURA    127
“S20    16”    JODHPUR    128
“S20    16”    SOORSAGAR    129
“S20    16”    LUNI    130
“S20    16”    POKARAN    133
RJ    BARMER    “S20    17”    JAISALMER    132
“S20    17”    SHEO    134
“S20    17”    BARMER    135
“S20    17”    BAYTOO    136
“S20    17”    PACHPADRA    137
“S20    17”    SIWANA    138
“S20    17”    GUDHAMALANI    139
“S20    17”    CHOHTAN    140
RJ    JALORE    “S20    18”    AHORE    141
“S20    18”    JALORE    142
“S20    18”    BHINMAL    143
“S20    18”    SANCHORE    144
“S20    18”    RANIWARA    145
“S20    18”    SIROHI    146
“S20    18”    PINDWARA ABU    147
“S20    18”    REODAR    148
RJ    UDAIPUR    “S20    19”    GOGUNDA    149
“S20    19”    JHADOL    150
“S20    19”    KHERWARA    151
“S20    19”    UDAIPUR RURAL    152
“S20    19”    UDAIPUR    153
“S20    19”    SALUMBER    156
“S20    19”    DHARIAWAD    157
“S20    19”    ASPUR    159
RJ    BANSWARA    “S20    20”    DUNGARPUR    158
“S20    20”    SAGWARA    160
“S20    20”    CHORASI    161
“S20    20”    GHATOL    162
“S20    20”    GARHI    163
“S20    20”    BANSWARA    164
“S20    20”    BAGIDORA    165
“S20    20”    KUSHALGARH    166
RJ    CHITTORGARH    “S20    21”    MAVLI    154
“S20    21”    VALLABH NAGAR    155
“S20    21”    KAPASAN    167
“S20    21”    BEGUN    168
“S20    21”    CHITTORGARH    169
“S20    21”    NIMBAHERA    170
“S20    21”    BARI SADRI    171
“S20    21”    PRATAPGARH    172
RJ    RAJSAMAND    “S20    22”    BEAWAR    103
“S20    22”    MERTA    111
“S20    22”    DEGANA    112
“S20    22”    JAITARAN    116
“S20    22”    BHIM    173
“S20    22”    KUMBHALGARH    174
“S20    22”    RAJSAMAND    175
“S20    22”    NATHDWARA    176
RJ    BHILWARA    “S20    23”    ASIND    177
“S20    23”    MANDAL    178
“S20    23”    SAHARA    179
“S20    23”    BHILWARA    180
“S20    23”    SHAHPURA    181
“S20    23”    JAHAZPUR    182
“S20    23”    MANDALGARH    183
“S20    23”    HINDOLI    184
RJ    KOTA    “S20    24”    KESHORAIPATAN    185
“S20    24”    BUNDI    186
“S20    24”    PIPALDA    187
“S20    24”    SANGOD    188
“S20    24”    KOTA NORTH    189
“S20    24”    KOTA SOUTH    190
“S20    24”    LADPURA    191
“S20    24”    RAMGANJ MANDI    192
RJ    JHALAWAR-BARAN    “S20    25”    ANTA    193
“S20    25”    KISHANGANJ    194
“S20    25”    BARAN-ATRU    195
“S20    25”    CHHABRA    196
“S20    25”    DAG    197
“S20    25”    JHALRAPATAN    198
“S20    25”    KHANPUR    199
“S20    25”    MANOHAR THANA    200
SK    SIKKIM    “S21    1”    YOKSAM-TASHIDING    1
“S21    1”    YANGTHANG    2
“S21    1”    MANEYBUNG-DENTAM    3
“S21    1”    GYALSHING-BARNYAK    4
“S21    1”    RINCHENPONG    5
“S21    1”    DARAMDIN    6
“S21    1”    SOREONG-CHAKUNG    7
“S21    1”    SALGHARI-ZOOM    8
“S21    1”    BARFUNG    9
“S21    1”    POKLOK-KAMRANG    10
“S21    1”    NAMCHI-SINGHITHANG    11
“S21    1”    MELLI    12
“S21    1”    NAMTHANG-RATEYPANI    13
“S21    1”    TEMI-NAMPHING    14
“S21    1”    RANGANG-YANGANG    15
“S21    1”    TUMEN-LINGI    16
“S21    1”    KHAMDONG-SINGTAM    17
“S21    1”    WEST PENDAM    18
“S21    1”    RHENOCK    19
“S21    1”    CHUJACHEN    20
“S21    1”    GNATHANG-MACHONG    21
“S21    1”    NAMCHEYBUNG    22
“S21    1”    SHYARI    23
“S21    1”    MARTAM-RUMTEK    24
“S21    1”    UPPER TADONG    25
“S21    1”    ARITHANG    26
“S21    1”    GANGTOK    27
“S21    1”    UPPER BURTUK    28
“S21    1”    KABI LUNGCHUK    29
“S21    1”    DJONGU    30
“S21    1”    LACHEN MANGAN    31
“S21    1”    SANGHA    32
TN    THIRUVALLUR    “S22    1”    GUMMIDIPOONDI    1
“S22    1”    PONNERI    2
“S22    1”    THIRUVALLUR    4
“S22    1”    POONAMALLEE    5
“S22    1”    AVADI    6
“S22    1”    MADAVARAM    9
TN    CHENNAI NORTH    “S22    2”    TIRUVOTTIYUR    10
“S22    2”    DR.RADHAKRISHNAN NAGAR    11
“S22    2”    PERAMBUR    12
“S22    2”    KOLATHUR    13
“S22    2”    THIRU -VI -KA -NAGAR    15
“S22    2”    ROYAPURAM    17
TN    CHENNAI SOUTH    “S22    3”    VIRUGAMPAKKAM    22
“S22    3”    SAIDAPET    23
“S22    3”    THIYAGARAYANAGAR    24
“S22    3”    MYLAPORE    25
“S22    3”    VELACHERY    26
“S22    3”    SHOLINGANALLUR    27
TN    CHENNAI CENTRAL    “S22    4”    VILLIVAKKAM    14
“S22    4”    EGMORE    16
“S22    4”    HARBOUR    18
“S22    4”    CHEPAUK-THIRUVALLIKENI    19
“S22    4”    THOUSAND LIGHTS    20
“S22    4”    ANNA NAGAR    21
TN    SRIPERUMBUDUR    “S22    5”    MADURAVOYAL    7
“S22    5”    AMBATTUR    8
“S22    5”    ALANDUR    28
“S22    5”    SRIPERUMBUDUR    29
“S22    5”    PALLAVARAM    30
“S22    5”    TAMBARAM    31
TN    KANCHEEPURAM    “S22    6”    CHENGALPATTU    32
“S22    6”    THIRUPORUR    33
“S22    6”    CHEYYUR    34
“S22    6”    MADURANTAKAM    35
“S22    6”    UTHIRAMERUR    36
“S22    6”    KANCHEEPURAM    37
TN    ARAKKONAM    “S22    7”    TIRUTTANI    3
“S22    7”    ARAKKONAM    38
“S22    7”    SHOLINGUR    39
“S22    7”    KATPADI    40
“S22    7”    RANIPET    41
“S22    7”    ARCOT    42
TN    VELLORE    “S22    8”    VELLORE    43
“S22    8”    ANAIKATTU    44
“S22    8”    KILVAITHINANKUPPAM    45
“S22    8”    GUDIYATTAM    46
“S22    8”    VANIYAMBADI    47
“S22    8”    AMBUR    48
TN    KRISHNAGIRI    “S22    9”    UTHANGARAI    51
“S22    9”    BARGUR    52
“S22    9”    KRISHNAGIRI    53
“S22    9”    VEPPANAHALLI    54
“S22    9”    HOSUR    55
“S22    9”    THALLI    56
TN    DHARMAPURI    “S22    10”    PALACODU    57
“S22    10”    PENNAGARAM    58
“S22    10”    DHARMAPURI    59
“S22    10”    PAPPIREDDIPPATTI    60
“S22    10”    HARUR    61
“S22    10”    METTUR    85
TN    TIRUVANNAMALAI    “S22    11”    JOLARPET    49
“S22    11”    TIRUPPATTUR    50
“S22    11”    CHENGAM    62
“S22    11”    TIRUVANNAMALAI    63
“S22    11”    KILPENNATHUR    64
“S22    11”    KALASAPAKKAM    65
TN    ARANI    “S22    12”    POLUR    66
“S22    12”    ARANI    67
“S22    12”    CHEYYAR    68
“S22    12”    VANDAVASI    69
“S22    12”    GINGEE    70
“S22    12”    MAILAM    71
TN    VILUPPURAM    “S22    13”    TINDIVANAM    72
“S22    13”    VANUR    73
“S22    13”    VILUPPURAM    74
“S22    13”    VIKRAVANDI    75
“S22    13”    THIRUKOILUR    76
“S22    13”    ULUNDURPETTAI    77
TN    KALLAKURICHI    “S22    14”    RISHIVANDIYAM    78
“S22    14”    SANKARAPURAM    79
“S22    14”    KALLAKURICHI    80
“S22    14”    GANGAVALLI    81
“S22    14”    ATTUR    82
“S22    14”    YERCAUD    83
TN    SALEM    “S22    15”    OMALUR    84
“S22    15”    EDAPPADI    86
“S22    15”    SALEM (WEST)    88
“S22    15”    SALEM (NORTH)    89
“S22    15”    SALEM (SOUTH)    90
“S22    15”    VEERAPANDI    91
TN    NAMAKKAL    “S22    16”    SANKARI    87
“S22    16”    RASIPURAM    92
“S22    16”    SENTHAMANGALAM    93
“S22    16”    NAMAKKAL    94
“S22    16”    PARAMATHI-VELUR    95
“S22    16”    TIRUCHENGODU    96
TN    ERODE    “S22    17”    KUMARAPALAYAM    97
“S22    17”    ERODE (EAST)    98
“S22    17”    ERODE (WEST)    99
“S22    17”    MODAKURICHI    100
“S22    17”    DHARAPURAM    101
“S22    17”    KANGAYAM    102
TN    TIRUPPUR    “S22    18”    PERUNDURAI    103
“S22    18”    BHAVANI    104
“S22    18”    ANTHIYUR    105
“S22    18”    GOBICHETTIPALAYAM    106
“S22    18”    TIRUPPUR (NORTH)    113
“S22    18”    TIRUPPUR (SOUTH)    114
TN    NILGIRIS    “S22    19”    BHAVANISAGAR    107
“S22    19”    UDHAGAMANDALAM    108
“S22    19”    GUDALUR    109
“S22    19”    COONOOR    110
“S22    19”    METTUPPALAYAM    111
“S22    19”    AVANASHI    112
TN    COIMBATORE    “S22    20”    PALLADAM    115
“S22    20”    SULUR    116
“S22    20”    KAVUNDAMPALAYAM    117
“S22    20”    COIMBATORE (NORTH)    118
“S22    20”    COIMBATORE (SOUTH)    120
“S22    20”    SINGANALLUR    121
TN    POLLACHI    “S22    21”    THONDAMUTHUR    119
“S22    21”    KINATHUKADAVU    122
“S22    21”    POLLACHI    123
“S22    21”    VALPARAI    124
“S22    21”    UDUMALAIPETTAI    125
“S22    21”    MADATHUKULAM    126
TN    DINDIGUL    “S22    22”    PALANI    127
“S22    22”    ODDANCHATRAM    128
“S22    22”    ATHOOR    129
“S22    22”    NILAKKOTTAI    130
“S22    22”    NATHAM    131
“S22    22”    DINDIGUL    132
TN    KARUR    “S22    23”    VEDASANDUR    133
“S22    23”    ARAVAKURICHI    134
“S22    23”    KARUR    135
“S22    23”    KRISHNARAYAPURAM    136
“S22    23”    MANAPPARAI    138
“S22    23”    VIRALIMALAI    179
TN    TIRUCHIRAPPALLI    “S22    24”    SRIRANGAM    139
“S22    24”    TIRUCHIRAPPALLI (WEST)    140
“S22    24”    TIRUCHIRAPPALLI (EAST)    141
“S22    24”    THIRUVERUMBUR    142
“S22    24”    GANDARVAKOTTAI    178
“S22    24”    PUDUKKOTTAI    180
TN    PERAMBALUR    “S22    25”    KULITHALAI    137
“S22    25”    LALGUDI    143
“S22    25”    MANACHANALLUR    144
“S22    25”    MUSIRI    145
“S22    25”    THURAIYUR    146
“S22    25”    PERAMBALUR    147
TN    CUDDALORE    “S22    26”    TITTAKUDI    151
“S22    26”    VRIDDHACHALAM    152
“S22    26”    NEYVELI    153
“S22    26”    PANRUTI    154
“S22    26”    CUDDALORE    155
“S22    26”    KURINJIPADI    156
TN    CHIDAMBARAM    “S22    27”    KUNNAM    148
“S22    27”    ARIYALUR    149
“S22    27”    JAYANKONDAM    150
“S22    27”    BHUVANAGIRI    157
“S22    27”    CHIDAMBARAM    158
“S22    27”    KATTUMANNARKOIL    159
TN    MAYILADUTHURAI    “S22    28”    SIRKAZHI    160
“S22    28”    MAYILADUTHURAI    161
“S22    28”    POOMPUHAR    162
“S22    28”    THIRUVIDAIMARUDUR    170
“S22    28”    KUMBAKONAM    171
“S22    28”    PAPANASAM    172
TN    NAGAPATTINAM    “S22    29”    NAGAPATTINAM    163
“S22    29”    KILVELUR    164
“S22    29”    VEDARANYAM    165
“S22    29”    THIRUTHURAIPOONDI    166
“S22    29”    THIRUVARUR    168
“S22    29”    NANNILAM    169
TN    THANJAVUR    “S22    30”    MANNARGUDI    167
“S22    30”    THIRUVAIYARU    173
“S22    30”    THANJAVUR    174
“S22    30”    ORATTANADU    175
“S22    30”    PATTUKKOTTAI    176
“S22    30”    PERAVURANI    177
TN    SIVAGANGA    “S22    31”    THIRUMAYAM    181
“S22    31”    ALANGUDI    182
“S22    31”    KARAIKUDI    184
“S22    31”    TIRUPPATTUR    185
“S22    31”    SIVAGANGA    186
“S22    31”    MANAMADURAI    187
TN    MADURAI    “S22    32”    MELUR    188
“S22    32”    MADURAI EAST    189
“S22    32”    MADURAI NORTH    191
“S22    32”    MADURAI SOUTH    192
“S22    32”    MADURAI CENTRAL    193
“S22    32”    MADURAI WEST    194
TN    THENI    “S22    33”    SHOLAVANDAN    190
“S22    33”    USILAMPATTI    197
“S22    33”    ANDIPATTI    198
“S22    33”    PERIYAKULAM    199
“S22    33”    BODINAYACKANUR    200
“S22    33”    CUMBUM    201
TN    VIRUDHUNAGAR    “S22    34”    THIRUPARANKUNDRAM    195
“S22    34”    THIRUMANGALAM    196
“S22    34”    SATTUR    204
“S22    34”    SIVAKASI    205
“S22    34”    VIRUDHUNAGAR    206
“S22    34”    ARUPPUKKOTTAI    207
TN    RAMANATHAPURAM    “S22    35”    ARANTHANGI    183
“S22    35”    TIRUCHULI    208
“S22    35”    PARAMAKUDI    209
“S22    35”    TIRUVADANAI    210
“S22    35”    RAMANATHAPURAM    211
“S22    35”    MUDHUKULATHUR    212
TN    THOOTHUKKUDI    “S22    36”    VILATHIKULAM    213
“S22    36”    THOOTHUKKUDI    214
“S22    36”    TIRUCHENDUR    215
“S22    36”    SRIVAIKUNTAM    216
“S22    36”    OTTAPIDARAM    217
“S22    36”    KOVILPATTI    218
TN    TENKASI    “S22    37”    RAJAPALAYAM    202
“S22    37”    SRIVILLIPUTHUR    203
“S22    37”    SANKARANKOVIL    219
“S22    37”    VASUDEVANALLUR    220
“S22    37”    KADAYANALLUR    221
“S22    37”    TENKASI    222
TN    TIRUNELVELI    “S22    38”    ALANGULAM    223
“S22    38”    TIRUNELVELI    224
“S22    38”    AMBASAMUDRAM    225
“S22    38”    PALAYAMKOTTAI    226
“S22    38”    NANGUNERI    227
“S22    38”    RADHAPURAM    228
TN    KANNIYAKUMARI    “S22    39”    KANNIYAKUMARI    229
“S22    39”    NAGERCOIL    230
“S22    39”    COLACHEL    231
“S22    39”    PADMANABHAPURAM    232
“S22    39”    VILAVANCODE    233
“S22    39”    KILLIYOOR    234
TR    TRIPURA WEST    “S23    1”    SIMNA    1
“S23    1”    MOHANPUR    2
“S23    1”    BAMUTIA    3
“S23    1”    BARJALA    4
“S23    1”    KHAYERPUR    5
“S23    1”    AGARTALA    6
“S23    1”    RAMNAGAR    7
“S23    1”    TOWN BORDOWALI    8
“S23    1”    BANAMALIPUR    9
“S23    1”    MAJLISHPUR    10
“S23    1”    MANDAIBAZAR    11
“S23    1”    TAKARJALA    12
“S23    1”    PRATAPGARH    13
“S23    1”    BADHARGHAT    14
“S23    1”    KAMALASAGAR    15
“S23    1”    BISHALGARH    16
“S23    1”    GOLAGHATI    17
“S23    1”    SURYAMANINAGAR    18
“S23    1”    CHARILAM    19
“S23    1”    BOXANAGAR    20
“S23    1”    NALCHAR    21
“S23    1”    SONAMURA    22
“S23    1”    DHANPUR    23
“S23    1”    BAGMA    30
“S23    1”    RADHAKISHOREPUR    31
“S23    1”    MATARBARI    32
“S23    1”    KAKRABAN-SALGARH    33
“S23    1”    RAJNAGAR    34
“S23    1”    BELONIA    35
“S23    1”    SANTIRBAZAR    36
TR    TRIPURA EAST    “S23    2”    RAMCHANDRAGHAT    24
“S23    2”    KHOWAI    25
“S23    2”    ASHARAMBARI    26
“S23    2”    KALYANPUR-PRAMODENAGAR    27
“S23    2”    TELIAMURA    28
“S23    2”    KRISHNAPUR    29
“S23    2”    HRISHYAMUKH    37
“S23    2”    JOLAIBARI    38
“S23    2”    MANU    39
“S23    2”    SABROOM    40
“S23    2”    AMPINAGAR    41
“S23    2”    AMARPUR    42
“S23    2”    KARBOOK    43
“S23    2”    RAIMA VALLEY    44
“S23    2”    KAMALPUR    45
“S23    2”    SURMA    46
“S23    2”    AMBASSA    47
“S23    2”    KARMACHHARA    48
“S23    2”    CHAWAMANU    49
“S23    2”    PABIACHHARA    50
“S23    2”    FATIKROY    51
“S23    2”    CHANDIPUR    52
“S23    2”    KAILASHAHAR    53
“S23    2”    KADAMTALA-KURTI    54
“S23    2”    BAGBASSA    55
“S23    2”    DHARMANAGAR    56
“S23    2”    JUBARAJNAGAR    57
“S23    2”    PANISAGAR    58
“S23    2”    PENCHARTHAL    59
“S23    2”    KANCHANPUR    60
UP    SAHARANPUR    “S24    1”    BEHAT    1
“S24    1”    SAHARANPUR NAGAR    3
“S24    1”    SAHARANPUR    4
“S24    1”    DEOBAND    5
“S24    1”    RAMPUR MANIHARAN    6
UP    KAIRANA    “S24    2”    NAKUR    2
“S24    2”    GANGOH    7
“S24    2”    KAIRANA    8
“S24    2”    THANA BHAWAN    9
“S24    2”    SHAMLI    10
UP    MUZAFFARNAGAR    “S24    3”    BUDHANA    11
“S24    3”    CHARTHAWAL    12
“S24    3”    MUZAFFAR NAGAR    14
“S24    3”    KHATAULI    15
“S24    3”    SARDHANA    44
UP    BIJNOR    “S24    4”    PURQAZI    13
“S24    4”    MEERAPUR    16
“S24    4”    BIJNOR    22
“S24    4”    CHANDPUR    23
“S24    4”    HASTINAPUR    45
UP    NAGINA    “S24    5”    NAJIBABAD    17
“S24    5”    NAGINA    18
“S24    5”    DHAMPUR    20
“S24    5”    NEHTAUR    21
“S24    5”    NOORPUR    24
UP    MORADABAD    “S24    6”    BARHAPUR    19
“S24    6”    KANTH    25
“S24    6”    THKURDWARA    26
“S24    6”    MORADABAD RURAL    27
“S24    6”    MORADABAD NAGAR    28
UP    RAMPUR    “S24    7”    SUAR    34
“S24    7”    CHAMRAUA    35
“S24    7”    BILASPUR    36
“S24    7”    RAMPUR    37
“S24    7”    MILAK    38
UP    SAMBHAL    “S24    8”    KUNDARKI    29
“S24    8”    BILARI    30
“S24    8”    CHANDAUSI    31
“S24    8”    ASMOLI    32
“S24    8”    SAMBHAL    33
UP    AMROHA    “S24    9”    DHANAURA    39
“S24    9”    NAUGAWAN SADAT    40
“S24    9”    AMROHA    41
“S24    9”    HASANPUR    42
“S24    9”    GARHMUKTESHWAR    60
UP    MEERUT    “S24    10”    KITHORE    46
“S24    10”    MEERUT CANTT.    47
“S24    10”    MEERUT    48
“S24    10”    MEERUT SOUTH    49
“S24    10”    HAPUR    59
UP    BAGHPAT    “S24    11”    SIWAL KHAS    43
“S24    11”    CHHAPRAULI    50
“S24    11”    BARAUT    51
“S24    11”    BAGHPAT    52
“S24    11”    MONI NAGAR    57
UP    GHAZIABAD    “S24    12”    LONI    53
“S24    12”    MURADNAGAR    54
“S24    12”    SAHIBABAD    55
“S24    12”    GAZIABAD    56
“S24    12”    DHOLANA    58
UP    GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR    “S24    13”    NOIDA    61
“S24    13”    DADRI    62
“S24    13”    JEWAR    63
“S24    13”    SIKANDRABAD    64
“S24    13”    KHURJA    70
UP    BULANDSHAHR    “S24    14”    BULANDSHAHR    65
“S24    14”    SYANA    66
“S24    14”    ANUPSHAHR    67
“S24    14”    DEBAI    68
“S24    14”    SHIKARPUR    69
UP    ALIGARH    “S24    15”    KHAIR    71
“S24    15”    BARAULI    72
“S24    15”    ATRAULI    73
“S24    15”    KOIL    75
“S24    15”    ALIGARH    76
UP    HATHRAS    “S24    16”    CHHARRA    74
“S24    16”    IGLAS    77
“S24    16”    HATHRAS    78
“S24    16”    SADABAD    79
“S24    16”    SIKANDRA RAO    80
UP    MATHURA    “S24    17”    CHHATA    81
“S24    17”    MANT    82
“S24    17”    GOVERDHAN    83
“S24    17”    MATHURA    84
“S24    17”    BALDEV    85
UP    AGRA    “S24    18”    ETMADPUR    86
“S24    18”    AGRA CANTT.    87
“S24    18”    AGRA SOUTH    88
“S24    18”    AGRA NORTH    89
“S24    18”    JALESAR    106
UP    FATEHPUR SIKRI    “S24    19”    AGRA RURAL    90
“S24    19”    FATEHPUR SIKARI    91
“S24    19”    KHERAGARH    92
“S24    19”    FATEHABAD    93
“S24    19”    BAH    94
UP    FIROZABAD    “S24    20”    TUNDLA    95
“S24    20”    JASRANA    96
“S24    20”    FIROZABAD    97
“S24    20”    SHIKOHABAD    98
“S24    20”    SIRSAGANJ    99
UP    MAINPURI    “S24    21”    MAINPURI    107
“S24    21”    BHONGAON    108
“S24    21”    KISHANI    109
“S24    21”    KARHAL    110
“S24    21”    JASWANTNAGAR    199
UP    ETAH    “S24    22”    KASGANJ    100
“S24    22”    AMANPUR    101
“S24    22”    PATIYALI    102
“S24    22”    ETAH    104
“S24    22”    MARHARA    105
UP    BADAUN    “S24    23”    GUNNAUR    111
“S24    23”    BISAULI    112
“S24    23”    SAHASWAN    113
“S24    23”    BILSI    114
“S24    23”    BUDAUN    115
UP    AONLA    “S24    24”    SHEKHUPUR    116
“S24    24”    DATAGANJ    117
“S24    24”    FARIDPUR    122
“S24    24”    BITHARI CHAINPUR    123
“S24    24”    AONLA    126
UP    BAREILLY    “S24    25”    MEERGANJ    119
“S24    25”    GHOJIPURA    120
“S24    25”    NAWABGANJ    121
“S24    25”    BAREILLY    124
“S24    25”    BARELLY CANTT.    125
UP    PILIBHIT    “S24    26”    BAHERI    118
“S24    26”    PILIBHIT    127
“S24    26”    BARKHERA    128
“S24    26”    PURANPUR    129
“S24    26”    BISALPUR    130
UP    SHAHJAHANPUR    “S24    27”    KATRA    131
“S24    27”    JALALABAD    132
“S24    27”    TILHAR    133
“S24    27”    POWAYAN    134
“S24    27”    SHAHJAHANPUR    135
“S24    27”    DADRAUL    136
UP    KHERI    “S24    28”    PALIA    137
“S24    28”    NIGHASAN    138
“S24    28”    GOLA GOKRANNATH    139
“S24    28”    SRI NAGAR    140
“S24    28”    LAKHIMPUR    142
UP    DHAURAHRA    “S24    29”    DHAURAHRA    141
“S24    29”    KASTA    143
“S24    29”    MOHAMMDI    144
“S24    29”    MAHOLI    145
“S24    29”    HARGAON    147
UP    SITAPUR    “S24    30”    SITAPUR    146
“S24    30”    LAHARPUR    148
“S24    30”    BISWAN    149
“S24    30”    SEVATA    150
“S24    30”    MAHMOODABAD    151
UP    HARDOI    “S24    31”    SAWAIJPUR    154
“S24    31”    SHAHABAD    155
“S24    31”    HARDOI    156
“S24    31”    GOPAMAU    157
“S24    31”    SANDI    158
UP    MISRIKH    “S24    32”    MISRIKH    153
“S24    32”    BILGRAM-MALLANWAN    159
“S24    32”    BALAMAU    160
“S24    32”    SANDILA    161
“S24    32”    BILHAUR    209
UP    UNNAO    “S24    33”    BANGARMAU    162
“S24    33”    SAFIPUR    163
“S24    33”    MOHAN    164
“S24    33”    UNNAO    165
“S24    33”    BHAGWANTNAGAR    166
“S24    33”    PURWA    167
UP    MOHANLALGANJ    “S24    34”    SIDHAULI    152
“S24    34”    MALIHABAD    168
“S24    34”    BAKSHI KAA TALAB    169
“S24    34”    SAROJINI NAGAR    170
“S24    34”    MOHANLALGANJ    176
UP    LUCKNOW    “S24    35”    LUCKNOW WEST    171
“S24    35”    LUCKNOW NORTH    172
“S24    35”    LUCKNOW EAST    173
“S24    35”    LUCKNOW CENTRAL    174
“S24    35”    LUCKNOW CANTT.    175
UP    RAE BARELI    “S24    36”    BACHHRAWAN    177
“S24    36”    HARCHANDPUR    179
“S24    36”    RAE BARELI    180
“S24    36”    SARENI    182
“S24    36”    UNCHAHAR    183
UP    AMETHI    “S24    37”    TILOI    178
“S24    37”    SALON    181
“S24    37”    JAGDISHPUR    184
“S24    37”    GAURIGANJ    185
“S24    37”    AMETHI    186
UP    SULTANPUR    “S24    38”    ISAULI    187
“S24    38”    SULTANPUR    188
“S24    38”    SADAR    189
“S24    38”    LAMBHUA    190
“S24    38”    KADIPUR    191
UP    PRATAPGARH    “S24    39”    RAMPUR KHAS    244
“S24    39”    BISHWAVNATHGANJ    247
“S24    39”    PRATAPGARH    248
“S24    39”    PATTI    249
“S24    39”    RANIGANJ    250
UP    FARRUKHABAD    “S24    40”    ALIGANJ    103
“S24    40”    KAIMGANJ    192
“S24    40”    AMRITPUR    193
“S24    40”    FARRUKHABAD    194
“S24    40”    BHOJPUR    195
UP    ETAWAH    “S24    41”    ETAWAH    200
“S24    41”    BHARTHANA    201
“S24    41”    DIBIYAPUR    203
“S24    41”    AURAIYA    204
“S24    41”    SIKANDRA    207
UP    KANNAUJ    “S24    42”    CHHIBRAMAU    196
“S24    42”    TIRWA    197
“S24    42”    KANNAUJ    198
“S24    42”    BIDHUNA    202
“S24    42”    RASULABAD    205
UP    KANPUR    “S24    43”    GOVINDNAGAR    212
“S24    43”    SISHAMAU    213
“S24    43”    ARYA NAGAR    214
“S24    43”    DIDWAI NAGAR    215
“S24    43”    KANPUR CANTT.    216
UP    AKBARPUR    “S24    44”    AKBARPUR – RANIYA    206
“S24    44”    BITHOOR    210
“S24    44”    KALYANPUR    211
“S24    44”    MAHARAJPUR    217
“S24    44”    GHATAMPUR    218
UP    JALAUN    “S24    45”    BHOGNIPUR    208
“S24    45”    MADHAUGARH    219
“S24    45”    KALPI    220
“S24    45”    ORAI    221
“S24    45”    GARAUTHA    225
UP    JHANSI    “S24    46”    BABINA    222
“S24    46”    JHANSI NAGAR    223
“S24    46”    MAURANIPUR    224
“S24    46”    LALITPUR    226
“S24    46”    MEHRONI    227
UP    HAMIRPUR    “S24    47”    HAMIRPUR    228
“S24    47”    RATH    229
“S24    47”    MAHOBA    230
“S24    47”    CHARKHARI    231
“S24    47”    TINDWARI    232
UP    BANDA    “S24    48”    BABERU    233
“S24    48”    NARAINI    234
“S24    48”    BANDA    235
“S24    48”    CHITRAKOOT    236
“S24    48”    MANIKPUR    237
UP    FATEHPUR    “S24    49”    JAHANABAD    238
“S24    49”    BINKDI    239
“S24    49”    FATEHPUR    240
“S24    49”    AYAH SHAH    241
“S24    49”    HUSAINGANJ    242
“S24    49”    KHAGA    243
UP    KAUSHAMBI    “S24    50”    BABAGANJ    245
“S24    50”    KUNDA    246
“S24    50”    SIRATHU    251
“S24    50”    MANJHANPUR    252
“S24    50”    CHAIL    253
UP    PHULPUR    “S24    51”    PHAPHAMAU    254
“S24    51”    SORAON    255
“S24    51”    PHULPUR    256
“S24    51”    ALLAHABAD WEST    261
“S24    51”    ALLAHABAD NORTH    262
UP    ALLAHABAD    “S24    52”    MEJA    259
“S24    52”    KARCHHANA    260
“S24    52”    ALLAHABAD SOUTH    263
“S24    52”    BARA    264
“S24    52”    KORAON    265
UP    BARABANKI    “S24    53”    KURSI    266
“S24    53”    RAM NAGAR    267
“S24    53”    BARABANKI    268
“S24    53”    ZAIDPUR    269
“S24    53”    HAIDERGARH    272
UP    FAIZABAD    “S24    54”    DARIYABAD    270
“S24    54”    RUDAULI    271
“S24    54”    MILKIPUR    273
“S24    54”    BIKAPUR    274
“S24    54”    AYODHYA    275
UP    AMBEDKAR NAGAR    “S24    55”    GOSHAINGANJ    276
“S24    55”    KATEHARI    277
“S24    55”    TANDA    278
“S24    55”    JALALPUR    280
“S24    55”    AKBARPUR    281
UP    BAHRAICH    “S24    56”    BALHA    282
“S24    56”    NANPARA    283
“S24    56”    MATERA    284
“S24    56”    MAHSI    285
“S24    56”    BAHRAICH    286
UP    KAISERGANJ    “S24    57”    PAYAGPUR    287
“S24    57”    KAISERGANJ    288
“S24    57”    KATRA BAZAR    297
“S24    57”    COLONELGANJ    298
“S24    57”    TARABGANJ    299
UP    SHRAWASTI    “S24    58”    BHINGA    289
“S24    58”    SHRAWASTI    290
“S24    58”    TULSIPUR    291
“S24    58”    GAINSARI    292
“S24    58”    BALRAMPUR    294
UP    GONDA    “S24    59”    UTRAULA    293
“S24    59”    MEHNAUN    295
“S24    59”    GONDA    296
“S24    59”    MANKAPUR    300
“S24    59”    GAURA    301
UP    DOMARIYAGANJ    “S24    60”    SHOHRATGARH    302
“S24    60”    KAPILVASTU    303
“S24    60”    BANSI    304
“S24    60”    ITWA    305
“S24    60”    DUMARIYAGANJ    306
UP    BASTI    “S24    61”    HARRAIYA    307
“S24    61”    KAPTANGANJ    308
“S24    61”    RUDHAULI    309
“S24    61”    BASTI SADAR    310
“S24    61”    MAHADEWA    311
UP    SANT KABIR NAGAR    “S24    62”    ALAPUR    279
“S24    62”    MENHDAWAL    312
“S24    62”    KHALILABAD    313
“S24    62”    DHANGHATA    314
“S24    62”    KHAJNI    325
UP    MAHARAJGANJ    “S24    63”    PHARENDA    315
“S24    63”    NAUTANWA    316
“S24    63”    SISWA    317
“S24    63”    MAHARAJGANJ    318
“S24    63”    PANIYARA    319
UP    GORAKHPUR    “S24    64”    CAIMPIYARGANJ    320
“S24    64”    PIPRAICH    321
“S24    64”    GORAKHPUR URBAN    322
“S24    64”    GORAKHPUR RURAL    323
“S24    64”    SAHAJANWA    324
UP    KUSHI NAGAR    “S24    65”    KHADDA    329
“S24    65”    PADRAUNA    330
“S24    65”    KUSHINAGAR    333
“S24    65”    HATA    334
“S24    65”    RAMKOLA    335
UP    DEORIA    “S24    66”    TAMKUHI RAJ    331
“S24    66”    FAZILNAGAR    332
“S24    66”    DEORIA    337
“S24    66”    PATHARDEVA    338
“S24    66”    RAMPUR KARKHANA    339
UP    BANSGAON    “S24    67”    CHAURI-CHAURA    326
“S24    67”    BANSGAON    327
“S24    67”    CHILLUPAR    328
“S24    67”    RUDRAPUR    336
“S24    67”    BARHAJ    342
UP    LALGANJ    “S24    68”    ATRAULIYA    343
“S24    68”    NIZAMABAD    348
“S24    68”    PHOOLPUR PAWAI    349
“S24    68”    DIDARGANJ    350
“S24    68”    LALGANJ    351
UP    AZAMGARH    “S24    69”    GOPALPUR    344
“S24    69”    SAGRI    345
“S24    69”    MUBARAKPUR    346
“S24    69”    AZAMGARH    347
“S24    69”    MEHNAGAR    352
UP    GHOSI    “S24    70”    MADHUBAN    353
“S24    70”    GHOSI    354
“S24    70”    MUHAMMADABAD- GOHNA    355
“S24    70”    MAU    356
“S24    70”    RASARA    358
UP    SALEMPUR    “S24    71”    BHATPAR RANI    340
“S24    71”    SALEMPUR    341
“S24    71”    BELTHARA ROAD    357
“S24    71”    SIKANDARPUR    359
“S24    71”    BANSDEEH    362
UP    BALLIA    “S24    72”    PHEPHANA    360
“S24    72”    BALLIA NAGAR    361
“S24    72”    BAIRIA    363
“S24    72”    ZAHOORABAD    377
“S24    72”    MOHAMMADABAD    378
UP    JAUNPUR    “S24    73”    BADLAPUR    364
“S24    73”    SHAHGANJ    365
“S24    73”    JAUNPUR    366
“S24    73”    MALHANI    367
“S24    73”    MUNGRA BADSHAHPUR    368
UP    MACHHLISHAHR    “S24    74”    MACHHLISHAHR    369
“S24    74”    MARIYAHU    370
“S24    74”    ZAFRABAD    371
“S24    74”    KERAKAT    372
“S24    74”    PINDRA    384
UP    GHAZIPUR    “S24    75”    JAKHANIAN    373
“S24    75”    SAIDPUR    374
“S24    75”    GHAZIPUR    375
“S24    75”    JANGIPUR    376
“S24    75”    ZAMANIA    379
UP    CHANDAULI    “S24    76”    MUGHALSARAI    380
“S24    76”    SAKALDIHA    381
“S24    76”    SAIYADRAJA    382
“S24    76”    AJAGARA    385
“S24    76”    SHIVPUR    386
UP    VARANASI    “S24    77”    ROHANIYA    387
“S24    77”    VARANASI NORTH    388
“S24    77”    VARANASI SOUTH    389
“S24    77”    VARANASI CANTT.    390
“S24    77”    SEVAPURI    391
UP    BHADOHI    “S24    78”    PRATAPPUR    257
“S24    78”    HANDIA    258
“S24    78”    BHADOHI    392
“S24    78”    GYANPUR    393
“S24    78”    AURAI    394
UP    MIRZAPUR    “S24    79”    CHHANBEY    395
“S24    79”    MIRZAPUR    396
“S24    79”    MAJHAWAN    397
“S24    79”    CHUNAR    398
“S24    79”    MARIHAN    399
UP    ROBERTSGANJ    “S24    80”    CHAKIA    383
“S24    80”    GHORAWAL    400
“S24    80”    ROBERTSGANJ    401
“S24    80”    OBRA    402
“S24    80”    DUDDHI    403
WB    COOCH BEHAR    “S25    1”    MATHABHANGA    2
“S25    1”    COOCH BEHAR UTTAR    3
“S25    1”    COOCH BEHAR DAKSHIN    4
“S25    1”    SITALKUCHI    5
“S25    1”    SITAI    6
“S25    1”    DINHATA    7
“S25    1”    NATABARI    8
WB    ALIPURDUARS    “S25    2”    TUFANGANJ    9
“S25    2”    KUMARGRAM    10
“S25    2”    KALCHINI    11
“S25    2”    ALIPURDUARS    12
“S25    2”    FALAKATA    13
“S25    2”    MADARIHAT    14
“S25    2”    NAGRAKATA    21
WB    JALPAIGURI    “S25    3”    MEKLIGANJ    1
“S25    3”    DHUPGURI    15
“S25    3”    MAYNAGURI    16
“S25    3”    JALPAIGURI    17
“S25    3”    RAJGANJ    18
“S25    3”    DABGRAM-PHULBARI    19
“S25    3”    MAL    20
WB    DARJEELING    “S25    4”    KALIMPONG    22
“S25    4”    DARJEELING    23
“S25    4”    KURSEONG    24
“S25    4”    MATIGARA-NAXALBARI    25
“S25    4”    SILIGURI    26
“S25    4”    PHANSIDEWA    27
“S25    4”    CHOPRA    28
WB    RAIGANJ    “S25    5”    ISLAMPUR    29
“S25    5”    GOALPOKHAR    30
“S25    5”    CHAKULIA    31
“S25    5”    KARANDIGHI    32
“S25    5”    HEMTABAD    33
“S25    5”    KALIAGANJ    34
“S25    5”    RAIGANJ    35
WB    BALURGHAT    “S25    6”    ITAHAR    36
“S25    6”    KUSHMANDI    37
“S25    6”    KUMARGANJ    38
“S25    6”    BALURGHAT    39
“S25    6”    TAPAN    40
“S25    6”    GANGARAMPUR    41
“S25    6”    HARIRAMPUR    42
WB    MALDAHA UTTAR    “S25    7”    HABIBPUR    43
“S25    7”    GAZOLE    44
“S25    7”    CHANCHAL    45
“S25    7”    HARISCHANDRAPUR    46
“S25    7”    MALATIPUR    47
“S25    7”    RATUA    48
“S25    7”    MALDAHA    50
WB    MALDAHA DAKSHIN    “S25    8”    MANIKCHAK    49
“S25    8”    ENGLISHBAZAR    51
“S25    8”    MOTHABARI    52
“S25    8”    SUJAPUR    53
“S25    8”    BAISNABNAGAR    54
“S25    8”    FARAKKA    55
“S25    8”    SAMSERGANJ    56
WB    JANGIPUR    “S25    9”    SUTI    57
“S25    9”    JANGIPUR    58
“S25    9”    RAGHUNATHGANJ    59
“S25    9”    SAGARDIGHI    60
“S25    9”    LALGOLA    61
“S25    9”    NABAGRAM    65
“S25    9”    KHARGRAM    66
WB    BAHARAMPUR    “S25    10”    BURWAN    67
“S25    10”    KANDI    68
“S25    10”    BHARATPUR    69
“S25    10”    REJINAGAR    70
“S25    10”    BELDANGA    71
“S25    10”    BAHARAMPUR    72
“S25    10”    NAODA    74
WB    MURSHIDABAD    “S25    11”    BHAGABANGOLA    62
“S25    11”    RANINAGAR    63
“S25    11”    MURSHIDABAD    64
“S25    11”    HARIHARPARA    73
“S25    11”    DOMKAL    75
“S25    11”    JALANGI    76
“S25    11”    KARIMPUR    77
WB    KRISHNANAGAR    “S25    12”    TEHATTA    78
“S25    12”    PALASHIPARA    79
“S25    12”    KALIGANJ    80
“S25    12”    NAKASHIPARA    81
“S25    12”    CHAPRA    82
“S25    12”    KRISHNANAGAR UTTAR    83
“S25    12”    KRISHNANAGAR DAKSHIN    85
WB    RANAGHAT    “S25    13”    NABADWIP    84
“S25    13”    SANTIPUR    86
“S25    13”    RANAGHAT UTTAR PASCHIM    87
“S25    13”    KRISHNAGANJ    88
“S25    13”    RANAGHAT UTTAR PURBA    89
“S25    13”    RANAGHAT DAKSHIN    90
“S25    13”    CHAKDAHA    91
WB    BANGAON    “S25    14”    KALYANI    92
“S25    14”    HARINGHATA    93
“S25    14”    BAGDA    94
“S25    14”    BANGAON UTTAR    95
“S25    14”    BANGAON DAKSHIN    96
“S25    14”    GAIGHATA    97
“S25    14”    SWARUPNAGAR    98
WB    BARRACKPORE    “S25    15”    AMDANGA    102
“S25    15”    BIJPUR    103
“S25    15”    NAIHATI    104
“S25    15”    BHATPARA    105
“S25    15”    JAGATDAL    106
“S25    15”    NOAPARA    107
“S25    15”    BARRACKPUR    108
WB    DUM DUM    “S25    16”    KHARDAHA    109
“S25    16”    DUM DUM UTTAR    110
“S25    16”    PANIHATI    111
“S25    16”    KAMARHATI    112
“S25    16”    BARANAGAR    113
“S25    16”    DUM DUM    114
“S25    16”    RAJARHAT GOPALPUR    117
WB    BARASAT    “S25    17”    HABRA    100
“S25    17”    ASHOKNAGAR    101
“S25    17”    RAJARHAT NEW TOWN    115
“S25    17”    BIDHANNAGAR    116
“S25    17”    MADHYAMGRAM    118
“S25    17”    BARASAT    119
“S25    17”    DEGANGA    120
WB    BASIRHAT    “S25    18”    BADURIA    99
“S25    18”    HAROA    121
“S25    18”    MINAKHAN    122
“S25    18”    SANDESHKHALI    123
“S25    18”    BASIRHAT DAKSHIN    124
“S25    18”    BASIRHAT UTTAR    125
“S25    18”    HINGALGANJ    126
WB    JOYNAGAR    “S25    19”    GOSABA    127
“S25    19”    BASANTI    128
“S25    19”    KULTALI    129
“S25    19”    JOYNAGAR    136
“S25    19”    CANNING PASCHIM    138
“S25    19”    CANNING PURBA    139
“S25    19”    MAGRAHAT PURBA    141
WB    MATHURAPUR    “S25    20”    PATHARPRATIMA    130
“S25    20”    KAKDWIP    131
“S25    20”    SAGAR    132
“S25    20”    KULPI    133
“S25    20”    RAIDIGHI    134
“S25    20”    MANDIRBAZAR    135
“S25    20”    MAGRAHAT PASCHIM    142
WB    DIAMOND HARBOUR    “S25    21”    DIAMOND HARBOUR    143
“S25    21”    FALTA    144
“S25    21”    SATGACHHIA    145
“S25    21”    BISHNUPUR    146
“S25    21”    MAHESHTALA    155
“S25    21”    BUDGE BUDGE    156
“S25    21”    METIABURUZ    157
WB    JADAVPUR    “S25    22”    BARUIPUR PURBA    137
“S25    22”    BARUIPUR PASCHIM    140
“S25    22”    SONARPUR DAKSHIN    147
“S25    22”    BHANGAR    148
“S25    22”    JADAVPUR    150
“S25    22”    SONARPUR UTTAR    151
“S25    22”    TOLLYGANJ    152
WB    KOLKATA DAKSHIN    “S25    23”    KASBA    149
“S25    23”    BEHALA PURBA    153
“S25    23”    BEHALA PASCHIM    154
“S25    23”    KOLKATA PORT    158
“S25    23”    BHABANIPUR    159
“S25    23”    RASHBEHARI    160
“S25    23”    BALLYGUNGE    161
WB    KOLKATA UTTAR    “S25    24”    CHOWRANGEE    162
“S25    24”    ENTALLY    163
“S25    24”    BELEGHATA    164
“S25    24”    JORASANKO    165
“S25    24”    SHYAMPUKUR    166
“S25    24”    MANIKTOLA    167
“S25    24”    KASHIPUR-BELGACHHIA    168
WB    HOWRAH    “S25    25”    BALLY    169
“S25    25”    HOWRAH UTTAR    170
“S25    25”    HOWRAH MADHYA    171
“S25    25”    SHIBPUR    172
“S25    25”    HOWRAH DAKSHIN    173
“S25    25”    SANKRAIL    174
“S25    25”    PANCHLA    175
WB    ULUBERIA    “S25    26”    ULUBERIA PURBA    176
“S25    26”    ULUBERIA UTTAR    177
“S25    26”    ULUBERIA DAKSHIN    178
“S25    26”    SHYAMPUR    179
“S25    26”    BAGNAN    180
“S25    26”    AMTA    181
“S25    26”    UDAYNARAYANPUR    182
WB    SRERAMPUR    “S25    27”    JAGATBALLAVPUR    183
“S25    27”    DOMJUR    184
“S25    27”    UTTARPARA    185
“S25    27”    SREERAMPUR    186
“S25    27”    CHAMPDANI    187
“S25    27”    CHANDITALA    194
“S25    27”    JANGIPARA    195
WB    HOOGHLY    “S25    28”    SINGUR    188
“S25    28”    CHANDANNAGAR    189
“S25    28”    CHUNCHURA    190
“S25    28”    BALAGARH    191
“S25    28”    PANDUA    192
“S25    28”    SAPTAGRAM    193
“S25    28”    DHANEKHALI    197
WB    ARAMBAGH    “S25    29”    HARIPAL    196
“S25    29”    TARAKESWAR    198
“S25    29”    PURSURAH    199
“S25    29”    ARAMBAG    200
“S25    29”    GOGHAT    201
“S25    29”    KHANAKUL    202
“S25    29”    CHANDRAKONA    232
WB    TAMLUK    “S25    30”    TAMLUK    203
“S25    30”    PANSKURA PURBA    204
“S25    30”    MOYNA    206
“S25    30”    NANDAKUMAR    207
“S25    30”    MAHISHADAL    208
“S25    30”    HALDIA    209
“S25    30”    NANDIGRAM    210
WB    KANTHI    “S25    31”    CHANDIPUR    211
“S25    31”    PATASHPUR    212
“S25    31”    KANTHI UTTAR    213
“S25    31”    BHAGABANPUR    214
“S25    31”    KHEJURI    215
“S25    31”    KANTHI DAKSHIN    216
“S25    31”    RAMNAGAR    217
WB    GHATAL    “S25    32”    PANSKURA PASCHIM    205
“S25    32”    SABANG    226
“S25    32”    PINGLA    227
“S25    32”    DEBRA    229
“S25    32”    DASPUR    230
“S25    32”    GHATAL    231
“S25    32”    KESHPUR    235
WB    JHARGRAM    “S25    33”    NAYAGRAM    220
“S25    33”    GOPIBALLAVPUR    221
“S25    33”    JHARGRAM    222
“S25    33”    GARBETA    233
“S25    33”    SALBONI    234
“S25    33”    BINPUR    237
“S25    33”    BANDWAN    238
WB    MEDINIPUR    “S25    34”    EGRA    218
“S25    34”    DANTAN    219
“S25    34”    KESHIARY    223
“S25    34”    KHARAGPUR SADAR    224
“S25    34”    NARAYANGARH    225
“S25    34”    KHARAGPUR    228
“S25    34”    MEDINIPUR    236
WB    PURULIA    “S25    35”    BALARAMPUR    239
“S25    35”    BAGHMUNDI    240
“S25    35”    JOYPUR    241
“S25    35”    PURULIA    242
“S25    35”    MANBAZAR    243
“S25    35”    KASHIPUR    244
“S25    35”    PARA    245
WB    BANKURA    “S25    36”    RAGHUNATHPUR    246
“S25    36”    SALTORA    247
“S25    36”    CHHATNA    248
“S25    36”    RANIBANDH    249
“S25    36”    RAIPUR    250
“S25    36”    TALDANGRA    251
“S25    36”    BANKURA    252
WB    BISHNUPUR    “S25    37”    BARJORA    253
“S25    37”    ONDA    254
“S25    37”    BISHNUPUR    255
“S25    37”    KATULPUR    256
“S25    37”    INDUS    257
“S25    37”    SONAMUKHI    258
“S25    37”    KHANDAGHOSH    259
WB    BARDHAMAN PURBA    “S25    38”    RAINA    261
“S25    38”    JAMALPUR    262
“S25    38”    KALNA    264
“S25    38”    MEMARI    265
“S25    38”    PURBASTHALI DAKSHIN    268
“S25    38”    PURBASTHALI UTTAR    269
“S25    38”    KATWA    270
WB    BURDWAN – DURGAPUR    “S25    39”    BURDWAN DAKSHIN    260
“S25    39”    MONTESWAR    263
“S25    39”    BURDWAN UTTAR    266
“S25    39”    BHATAR    267
“S25    39”    GALSI    274
“S25    39”    DURGAPUR PURBA    276
“S25    39”    DURGAPUR PASCHIM    277
WB    ASANSOL    “S25    40”    PANDABESWAR    275
“S25    40”    RANIGANJ    278
“S25    40”    JAMURIA    279
“S25    40”    ASNSOL DAKSHIN    280
“S25    40”    ASANSOL UTTAR    281
“S25    40”    KULTI    282
“S25    40”    BARABANI    283
WB    BOLPUR    “S25    41”    KETUGRAM    271
“S25    41”    MANGALKOT    272
“S25    41”    AUSGRAM    273
“S25    41”    BOLPUR    286
“S25    41”    NANOOR    287
“S25    41”    LABHPUR    288
“S25    41”    MAYURESWAR    290
WB    BIRBHUM    “S25    42”    DUBRAJPUR    284
“S25    42”    SURI    285
“S25    42”    SAINTHIA    289
“S25    42”    RAMPURHAT    291
“S25    42”    HANSAN    292
“S25    42”    NALHATI    293
“S25    42”    MURARAI    294
CG    SARGUJA    “S26    1”    PREMNAGAR    4
“S26    1”    BHATGAON    5
“S26    1”    PRATAPPUR    6
“S26    1”    RAMANUJGANJ    7
“S26    1”    SAMRI    8
“S26    1”    LUNDRA    9
“S26    1”    AMBIKAPUR    10
“S26    1”    SITAPUR    11
CG    RAIGARH    “S26    2”    JASHPUR    12
“S26    2”    KUNKURI    13
“S26    2”    PATHALGAON    14
“S26    2”    LAILUNDRA    15
“S26    2”    RAIGARH    16
“S26    2”    SARANGARH    17
“S26    2”    KHARSIA    18
“S26    2”    DHARAMJAIGARH    19
CG    JANJGIR-CHAMPA    “S26    3”    AKALTARA    33
“S26    3”    JAJGIR-CHAMPA    34
“S26    3”    SAKRI    35
“S26    3”    CHANDRAPURA    36
“S26    3”    JAIJAIPUR    37
“S26    3”    PAMGARH    38
“S26    3”    BILAIGARH    43
“S26    3”    KASDOL    44
CG    KORBA    “S26    4”    BHARATPUR-SONHAT    1
“S26    4”    MANENDRAGARH    2
“S26    4”    BAIKUNTHPUR    3
“S26    4”    RAMPUR    20
“S26    4”    KOBRA    21
“S26    4”    KATGHORA    22
“S26    4”    PALI-TANAKHAR    23
“S26    4”    MARWAHI    24
CG    BILASPUR    “S26    5”    KOTA    25
“S26    5”    LORMI    26
“S26    5”    MUNGELI    27
“S26    5”    TAKHATPUR    28
“S26    5”    BILHA    29
“S26    5”    BILASPUR    30
“S26    5”    BELTARA    31
“S26    5”    MASTURI    32
CG    RAJNANDGAON    “S26    6”    PANDARIYA    71
“S26    6”    KAWARGHA    72
“S26    6”    KHAIRAGARH    73
“S26    6”    DONGARGARH    74
“S26    6”    RAJNANDGAON    75
“S26    6”    DONGARGAON    76
“S26    6”    KHUJJI    77
“S26    6”    MOHALA-MANPUR    78
CG    DURG    “S26    7”    PATAN    62
“S26    7”    DURG-RURAL    63
“S26    7”    DURG-CITY    64
“S26    7”    DURG-NAGAR    65
“S26    7”    VAISHALI NAGAR    66
“S26    7”    AHIWARA    67
“S26    7”    SAJA    68
“S26    7”    BEMETARA    69
“S26    7”    NAWAGARH    70
CG    RAIPUR    “S26    8”    BALODA BAZAR    45
“S26    8”    BHATAPARA    46
“S26    8”    DHARSIWA    47
“S26    8”    RAIPUR RURAL    48
“S26    8”    RAIPUR CITY WEST    49
“S26    8”    RAIPUR CITY NORTH    50
“S26    8”    RAIPUR CITY SOUTH    51
“S26    8”    ARANG    52
“S26    8”    ABHANPUR    53
CG    MAHASAMUND    “S26    9”    SARAIPALI    39
“S26    9”    BASNA    40
“S26    9”    KHALLARI    41
“S26    9”    MAHASAMUND    42
“S26    9”    RAJIM    54
“S26    9”    BINDRANAWAGARH    55
“S26    9”    KURUD    57
“S26    9”    DHAMTARI    58
CG    BASTAR    “S26    10”    KONDAGAON    83
“S26    10”    NARAYANPUR    84
“S26    10”    BASTAR    85
“S26    10”    JAGDALPUR    86
“S26    10”    CHITRAKOT    87
“S26    10”    DANTEWARA    88
“S26    10”    BIJAPUR    89
“S26    10”    KONTA    90
CG    KANKER    “S26    11”    SIHAWA    56
“S26    11”    SANJARI BALOD    59
“S26    11”    DONDI LAHARA    60
“S26    11”    GUNDERDEHI    61
“S26    11”    ANTAGARH    79
“S26    11”    BHANUPRATAPPUR    80
“S26    11”    KANKER    81
“S26    11”    KESHKAR    82
JH    RAJMAHAL    “S27    1”    RAJMAHAL    1
“S27    1”    BORIO    2
“S27    1”    BARHAIT    3
“S27    1”    LITIPARA    4
“S27    1”    PAKHUR    5
“S27    1”    MAHESHPUR    6
JH    DUMKA    “S27    2”    SHIKARIPARA    7
“S27    2”    NALA    8
“S27    2”    JAMTARA    9
“S27    2”    DUMKA    10
“S27    2”    JAMA    11
“S27    2”    SARATH    14
JH    GODDA    “S27    3”    JARMUNDI    12
“S27    3”    MADHUPUR    13
“S27    3”    DEOGHAR    15
“S27    3”    POREYAHAT    16
“S27    3”    GODDA    17
“S27    3”    MAHAGAMA    18
JH    CHATRA    “S27    4”    SIMARIA    26
“S27    4”    CHATRA    27
“S27    4”    MANIKA    73
“S27    4”    LATEHAR    74
“S27    4”    PANKI    75
JH    KODARMA    “S27    5”    KODARMA    19
“S27    5”    BARKATHA    20
“S27    5”    DHANWAR    28
“S27    5”    BAGODAR    29
“S27    5”    JAMUA    30
“S27    5”    GANDEY    31
JH    GIRIDIH    “S27    6”    GIRIDIH    32
“S27    6”    DUMRI    33
“S27    6”    GOMIYA    34
“S27    6”    BERMO    35
“S27    6”    TUNDI    42
“S27    6”    BAGHMARA    43
JH    DHANBAD    “S27    7”    BOKARO    36
“S27    7”    CHANDANKYARI    37
“S27    7”    SINDRI    38
“S27    7”    NIRSA    39
“S27    7”    DHANBAD    40
“S27    7”    JHARIA    41
JH    RANCHI    “S27    8”    ICHAGARH    50
“S27    8”    SILLI    61
“S27    8”    KHIJRI    62
“S27    8”    RANCHI    63
“S27    8”    HATIA    64
“S27    8”    KANKE    65
JH    JAMSHEDPUR    “S27    9”    BAHARAGORA    44
“S27    9”    GHATSHILA    45
“S27    9”    POTKA    46
“S27    9”    JUGASHLAI    47
“S27    9”    JAMSHEDPUR EAST    48
“S27    9”    JAMSHEDPUR WEST    49
JH    SINGHBHUM    “S27    10”    SARAIKELLA    51
“S27    10”    CHAIBASA    52
“S27    10”    MAJHGANON    53
“S27    10”    JAGANATHPUR    54
“S27    10”    MANOHARPUR    55
“S27    10”    CHAKRADHARPUR    56
JH    KHUNTI    “S27    11”    KHARASAWAN    57
“S27    11”    TAMAR    58
“S27    11”    KHUNTI    60
“S27    11”    TORPA    60
“S27    11”    SIMDEGA    70
“S27    11”    KOLEBIRA    71
JH    LOHARDAGA    “S27    12”    MANDAR    66
“S27    12”    SISAI    67
“S27    12”    GUMLA    68
“S27    12”    BISHUNPUR    69
“S27    12”    LOHARDAGA    72
JH    PALAMAU    “S27    13”    DALTONGANJ    76
“S27    13”    BISHRAMPUR    77
“S27    13”    CHATTARPUR    78
“S27    13”    HUSSAINABAD    79
“S27    13”    GARHWA    80
“S27    13”    BHAWANATHPUR    81
JH    HAZARIBAGH    “S27    14”    BARHI    21
“S27    14”    BARKAGAON    22
“S27    14”    RAMGARH    23
“S27    14”    MANDHU    24
“S27    14”    HAZARIBAGH    25
UK    TEHRI GARHWAL    “S28    1”    PUROLA    1
“S28    1”    YAMUNOTRI    2
“S28    1”    GANGOTRI    3
“S28    1”    GHANSHALI    9
“S28    1”    PRATAPNAGAR    12
“S28    1”    TEHRI    13
“S28    1”    DHANOLTI    14
“S28    1”    CHAKRATA    15
“S28    1”    VIKASNAGAR    16
“S28    1”    SAHASPUR    17
“S28    1”    RAIPUR    19
“S28    1”    RAJPUR ROAD    20
“S28    1”    DEHRADUN CANTT.    21
“S28    1”    MUSSOORIE    22
UK    GARHWAL    “S28    2”    BADRINATH    4
“S28    2”    THARALI    5
“S28    2”    KARNPRAYAG    6
“S28    2”    KEDARNATH    7
“S28    2”    RUDRAPRAYAG    8
“S28    2”    DEOPRAYAG    10
“S28    2”    NARENDRANAGAR    11
“S28    2”    YAMKESHWAR    36
“S28    2”    PAURI    37
“S28    2”    SRINAGAR    38
“S28    2”    CHAUBATTAKHAL    39
“S28    2”    LANSDOWNE    40
“S28    2”    KOTDWAR    41
“S28    2”    RAMNAGAR    61
UK    ALMORA    “S28    3”    DHARCHULA    42
“S28    3”    DIDIHAT    43
“S28    3”    PITHORAGARH    44
“S28    3”    GANGOLIHAT    45
“S28    3”    KAPKOTE    46
“S28    3”    BAGESHWAR    47
“S28    3”    DWARAHAT    48
“S28    3”    SALT    49
“S28    3”    RANIKHET    50
“S28    3”    SOMESHWAR    51
“S28    3”    ALMORA    52
“S28    3”    JAGESHWAR    53
“S28    3”    LOHAGHAT    54
“S28    3”    CHAMPAWAT    55
UK    NAINITAL-UDHAMSINGH NAGAR    “S28    4”    LALKUWA    56
“S28    4”    BHIMTAL    57
“S28    4”    NAINITAL    58
“S28    4”    HALDWANI    59
“S28    4”    KALADHUNGI    60
“S28    4”    JASPUR    62
“S28    4”    KASHIPUR    63
“S28    4”    BAJPUR    64
“S28    4”    GADARPUR    65
“S28    4”    RUDRAPUR    66
“S28    4”    KICHHA    67
“S28    4”    SITARGANJ    68
“S28    4”    NANAK MATTA    69
“S28    4”    KHATIMA    70
UK    HARDWAR    “S28    5”    DHARAMPUR    18
“S28    5”    DOIWALA    23
“S28    5”    RISHIKESH    24
“S28    5”    HARDWAR    25
“S28    5”    B.H.E.L. RANIPUR    26
“S28    5”    JWALAPUR    27
“S28    5”    BHAGWANPUR    28
“S28    5”    JHABRERA    29
“S28    5”    PIRANKALIYAR    30
“S28    5”    ROORKEE    31
“S28    5”    KHANPUR    32
“S28    5”    MANGLORE    33
“S28    5”    LAKSAR    34
“S28    5”    HARDWAR RURAL    35
AN    ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS    “U01    1”    ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS    1
CH    CHANDIGARH    “U02    1”    CHANDIGARH    1
DN    DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI    “U03    1”    DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI    1
DD    DAMAN & DIU    “U04    1”    DAMAN AND DIU    1
DL    CHANDNI CHOWK    “U05    1”    ADARSH NAGAR    4
“U05    1”    SHALIMAR BAGH    14
“U05    1”    SHAKUR BASTI    15
“U05    1”    TRI NAGAR    16
“U05    1”    WAZIRPUR    17
“U05    1”    MODEL TOWN    18
“U05    1”    SADAR BAZAR    19
“U05    1”    CHANDNI CHOWK    20
“U05    1”    MATIA MAHAL    21
“U05    1”    BALLIMARAN    22
DL    NORTH EAST DELHI    “U05    2”    BURARI    2
“U05    2”    TIMARPUR    3
“U05    2”    SEEMA PURI    63
“U05    2”    ROHTAS NAGAR    64
“U05    2”    SEELAMPUR    65
“U05    2”    GHONDA    66
“U05    2”    BABARPUR    67
“U05    2”    GOKALPUR    68
“U05    2”    MUSTAFABAD    69
“U05    2”    KARAWAL NAGAR    70
DL    EAST DELHI    “U05    3”    JANGPURA    41
“U05    3”    OKHLA    54
“U05    3”    TRILOKPURI    55
“U05    3”    KONDLI    56
“U05    3”    PATPARGANJ    57
“U05    3”    LAXMI NAGAR    58
“U05    3”    VISHWAS NAGAR    59
“U05    3”    KRISHNA NAGAR    60
“U05    3”    GANDHI NAGAR    61
“U05    3”    SHAHDARA    62
DL    NEW DELHI    “U05    4”    KAROL BAGH    23
“U05    4”    PATEL NAGAR    24
“U05    4”    MOTI NAGAR    25
“U05    4”    DELHI CANTT    38
“U05    4”    RAJINDER NAGAR    39
“U05    4”    NEW DELHI    40
“U05    4”    KASTURBA NAGAR    42
“U05    4”    MALVIYA NAGAR    43
“U05    4”    R. K. PURAM    44
“U05    4”    GREATER KAILASH    50
DL    NORTH WEST DELHI    “U05    5”    NERELA    1
“U05    5”    BADLI    5
“U05    5”    RITHALA    6
“U05    5”    BAWANA    7
“U05    5”    MUNDKA    8
“U05    5”    KIRARI    9
“U05    5”    SULTANPUR MAJRA    10
“U05    5”    NANGLOI JAT    11
“U05    5”    MANGOL PURI    12
“U05    5”    ROHINI    13
DL    WEST DELHI    “U05    6”    MADIPUR    26
“U05    6”    RAJOURI GARDEN    27
“U05    6”    HARI NAGAR    28
“U05    6”    TILAK NAGAR    29
“U05    6”    JANAKPURI    30
“U05    6”    VIKASPURI    31
“U05    6”    UTTAM NAGAR    32
“U05    6”    DWARKA    33
“U05    6”    MATIALA    34
“U05    6”    NAJAFGARH    35
DL    SOUTH DELHI    “U05    7”    BIJWASAN    36
“U05    7”    PALAM    37
“U05    7”    MEHRAULI    45
“U05    7”    CHHATARPUR    46
“U05    7”    DEOLI    47
“U05    7”    AMBEDKAR NAGAR    48
“U05    7”    SANGAM VIHAR    49
“U05    7”    KALKAJI    51
“U05    7”    TUGHLAKABAD    52
“U05    7”    BADARPUR    53
LD    LAKSHADWEEP    “U06    1”    LAKSHADWEEP    1
PY    PUDUCHERRY    “U07    1”    MANNADIPET    1
“U07    1”    THIRUBUVANAI    2
“U07    1”    OUSSUDU    3
“U07    1”    MANGALAM    4
“U07    1”    VILLIANUR    5
“U07    1”    OZHUKARAI    6
“U07    1”    KADIRGAMAM    7
“U07    1”    INDIRA NAGAR    8
“U07    1”    THATTANCHAVADY    9
“U07    1”    KAMARAJ NAGAR    10
“U07    1”    LAWSPET    11
“U07    1”    KALAPET    12
“U07    1”    MUTHIALPET    13
“U07    1”    RAJ BHAVAN    14
“U07    1”    OUPALAM    15
“U07    1”    ORLEANPETH    16
“U07    1”    NELLITHOPE    17
“U07    1”    MUDALIARPET    18
“U07    1”    ARIANKUPPAM    19
“U07    1”    MANAVELY    20
“U07    1”    EMBALAM    21
“U07    1”    NETTPAKKAM    22
“U07    1”    BAHOUR    23
“U07    1”    NEDUNGADU    24
“U07    1”    THIRUNALLAR    25
“U07    1”    KARAIKAL NORTH    26
“U07    1”    KARAIKAL SOUTH    27
“U07    1”    NERAVY T.R. PATTINAM    28
“U07    1”    MAHE    29
“U07    1”    YANAM    30

India’s 2009 General Elections: the 6810 candidates announced in 467 (out of 543) constituencies by the EC as of 5 pm April 21

This list is being provided on the Internet in the public interest.  It is based on raw data announced on the EC’s website as of 1700 hrs IST April 21.  Please check against the raw data before use.

Subroto Roy

S01    1    16-Apr-09    AP    ADILABAD    1    ADE TUKARAM    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    KOTNAK RAMESH    M    39    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    RATHOD RAMESH    M    43    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    RATHOD SADASHIV NAIK    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    MESRAM NAGO RAO    M    59    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    ATHRAM LAXMAN RAO    M    47    Independent    Coconut
7    GANTA PENTANNA    M    36    Independent    Television
8    NETHAVAT RAMDAS    M    39    Independent    Candles
9    BANKA SAHADEVU    M    55    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S01    2    16-Apr-09    AP    PEDDAPALLE    1    GAJJELA SWAMY    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    GOMASA SRINIVAS    M    41    Telangana Rashtra Samithi    Car
3    MATHANGI NARSIAH    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DR.G.VIVEKANAND    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AREPELLI DAVID RAJU    M    36    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    KRISHNA SABBALI    M    39    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)    Ceiling Fan
7    AMBALA MAHENDAR    M    38    Independent    Almirah
8    A. KAMALAMMA    F    36    Independent    Balloon
9    GORRE RAMESH    M    42    Independent    Banana
10    NALLALA KANUKAIAH    M    39    Independent    Basket
11    B. MALLAIAH    M    32    Independent    Scissors
12    K. RAJASWARI    F    38    Independent    Bat
13    D. RAMULU    M    51    Independent    Batsman
14    G.VINAY KUMAR    M    51    Independent    Battery Torch
15    S.LAXMAIAH    M    33    Independent    Black Board
S01    3    16-Apr-09    AP    KARIMNAGAR    1    CHANDUPATLA JANGA REDDY    M    75    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    PONNAM PRABHAKAR    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    VINOD KUMAR BOINAPALLY    M    49    Telangana Rashtra Samithi    Car
4    VIRESHAM NALIMELA    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    RAGULA RAMULU    M    40    Republican Party of India (A)    Nagara
6    LINGAMPALLI SRINIVAS REDDY    M    39    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)    Ceiling Fan
7    VELICHALA RAJENDER RAO    M    46    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
8    T. SRIMANNARAYANA    M    68    Pyramid Party of India    Television
9    K. PRABHAKAR    M    43    Independent    Gas Stove
10    KORIVI VENUGOPAL    M    46    Independent    Coconut
11    BARIGE GATTAIAH YADAV    M    32    Independent    Road Roller
12    GADDAM RAJI REDDY    M    48    Independent    Comb
13    PANAKANTI SATISH KUMAR    M    46    Independent    Cup & Saucer
14    PEDDI RAVINDER    M    29    Independent    Scissors
15    B. SURESH    M    32    Independent    Ring
S01    4    16-Apr-09    AP    NIZAMABAD    1    DR. BAPU REDDY    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    BIGALA GANESH GUPTA    M    39    Telangana Rashtra Samithi    Car
3    MADHU YASKHI GOUD    M    50    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    YEDLA RAMU    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    DUDDEMPUDI SAMBASIVA RAO CHOUDARY    M    62    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
6    P.VINAY KUMAR    M    51    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    DR. V.SATHYANARAYANA MURTHY    M    51    Pyramid Party of India    Television
8    S. SUJATHA    F    43    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party    Scissors
9    AARIS MOHAMMED    M    46    Independent    Kite
10    KANDEM PRABHAKAR    M    44    Independent    Gas Stove
11    GADDAM SRINIVAS    M    47    Independent    Balloon
12    RAPELLY SRINIVAS    M    34    Independent    Maize
S01    5    16-Apr-09    AP    ZAHIRABAD    1    CHENGAL BAGANNA    M    66    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    M.VISHNU MUDIRAJ    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SYED YOUSUF ALI    M    54    Telangana Rashtra Samithi    Car
4    SURESH KUMAR SHETKAR    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    BENJAMIN RAJU    M    39    Indian Justice Party    Candles
6    MALKAPURAM SHIVA KUMAR    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    MALLESH RAVINDER REDDY    M    39    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
8    CHITTA RAJESHWAR RAO    M    45    Independent    Ceiling Fan
9    POWAR SINGH HATTI SINGH    M    36    Independent    Nagara
10    BASAVA RAJ PATIL    M    39    Independent    Television
S01    6    16-Apr-09    AP    MEDAK    1    NARENDRANATH .C    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    P. NIROOP REDDY    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    VIJAYA SHANTHI .M    F    43    Telangana Rashtra Samithi    Car
4    Y. SHANKAR GOUD    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    KOVURI PRABHAKAR    M    51    Pyramid Party of India    Television
6    KHAJA QUAYUM ANWAR    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    D. YADESHWAR    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)    Not Alloted
8    K. SUDHEER REDDY    M    37    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
9    KUNDETI RAVI    M    32    Independent    Road Roller
S01    7    16-Apr-09    AP    MALKAJGIRI    1    NALLU INDRASENA REDDY    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    M.BABU RAO PADMA SALE    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    BHEEMSEN.T    M    60    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    SARVEY SATYANARAYANA    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    S.D.KRISHNA MURTHY    M    51    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party    Scissors
6    T.DEVENDER GOUD    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    NARENDER KUMBALA    M    39    Bharat Punarnirman Dal    Kite
8    PRATHANI RAMAKRISHNA    M    42    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Almirah
9    LION C FRANCIS MJF    M    56    Samajwadi Party    Candles
10    N V RAMA REDDY    M    54    Pyramid Party of India    Television
11    DR.LAVU RATHAIAH    M    56    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
12    KANTE KANAKAIAH GANGAPUTHRA    M    63    Independent    Ring
13    KOYAL KAR BHOJARAJ    M    35    Independent    Basket
14    CHENURU VENKATA SUBBA RAO    M    52    Independent    Coconut
15    JAJULA BHASKAR    M    34    Independent    Comb
16    LT.COL. (RETD). DUSERLA PAPARAIDU    M    62    Independent    Balloon
17    MD.MANSOORALI    M    31    Independent    Gas Cylinder
18    S.VICTOR    M    40    Independent    Bat
19    K.SRINIVASA RAJU    M    44    Independent    Diesel Pump
S01    8    16-Apr-09    AP    SECUNDRABAD    1    ANJAN KUMAR YADAV M    M    47    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    BANDARU DATTATREYA    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    M. D. MAHMOOD ALI    M    55    Telangana Rashtra Samithi    Car
4    M. VENKATESH    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    SRINIVASA SUDHISH RAMBHOTLA    M    40    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
6    ABDUS SATTAR MUJAHED    M    41    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Kite
7    IMDAD JAH    M    64    Ambedkar National Congress    Road Roller
8    P. DAMODER REDDY    M    48    Pyramid Party of India    Television
9    DR. DASOJU SRAVAN KUMAR    M    41    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
10    S. DEVAIAH    M    59    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party    Ceiling Fan
11    C.V.L. NARASIMHA RAO    M    51    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
12    DR .POLISHETTY RAM MOHAN    M    57    Samata Party    Dolli
13    MOHD. OSMAN QURESHEE    M    35    Ajeya Bharat Party    Bat
14    SHIRAZ KHAN    F    39    United Women Front    Nagara
15    ASEERVADAM LELLAPALLI    M    51    Independent    Shuttle
16    AMBATI KRISHNA MURTHY    M    50    Independent    Battery Torch
17    B. GOPALA KRISHNA    M    42    Independent    Coconut
18    DEVI DAS RAO GHODKE    M    63    Independent    Violin
19    BABER ALI KHAN    M    51    Independent    Candles
20    M. BHAGYA MATHA    F    38    Independent    Diesel Pump
21    CH. MURAHARI    M    49    Independent    Gas Cylinder
22    G. RAJAIAH    M    48    Independent    Table Lamp
23    K. SRINIVASA CHARI    M    49    Independent    Slate
S01    9    16-Apr-09    AP    HYDERABAD    1    ZAHID ALI KHAN    M    66    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
2    P. LAXMAN RAO GOUD    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SATISH AGARWAL    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SAMY MOHAMMED    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ASADUDDIN OWAISI    M    41    All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen    Kite
6    S. GOPAL SINGH    M    34    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh    Coconut
7    TAHER KAMAL KHUNDMIRI    M    52    Janata Dal (Secular)    Camera
8    FATIMA .A    F    41    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
9    P. VENKATESWARA RAO    M    58    Pyramid Party of India    Television
10    D. SURENDER    M    36    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party    Scissors
11    AL-KASARY MOULLIM MOHSIN HUSSAIN    M    33    Independent    Bread
12    ALTAF AHMED KHAN    M    43    Independent    Bat
13    M.A. QUDDUS GHORI    M    43    Independent    Candles
14    ZAHID ALI KHAN    M    26    Independent    Batsman
15    M.A. BASITH    M    55    Independent    Road Roller
16    MD. OSMAN    M    43    Independent    Saw
17    B. RAVI YADAV    M    33    Independent    Almirah
18    N.L. SRINIVAS    M    31    Independent    Nagara
19    M.A. SATTAR    M    29    Independent    Letter Box
20    D. SADANAND    M    45    Independent    Balloon
21    SYED ABDUL GAFFTER    M    51    Independent    Banana
22    SARDAR SINGH    M    62    Independent    Basket
23    M.A. HABEEB    M    31    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S01    10    16-Apr-09    AP    CHELVELLA    1    JAIPAL REDDY SUDINI    M    67    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    A.P.JITHENDER REDDY    M    54    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
3    BADDAM BAL REDDY    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    C.SRINIVAS RAO    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    KASANI GNANESHWAR    M    54    Mana Party    Ceiling Fan
6    KUMMARI GIRI    M    28    Pyramid Party of India    Kite
7    DASARA SARALA DEVI    F    39    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)    Gas Cylinder
8    DR.B.RAGHUVEER REDDY    M    42    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
9    SAMA SRINIVASULU    M    34    Great India Party    Television
10    S.MALLA REDDY    M    43    Independent    Bat
11    G.MALLESHAM GOUD    M    32    Independent    Batsman
12    RAMESHWARAM JANGAIAH    M    58    Independent    Scissors
13    LAXMINARAYANA    M    27    Independent    Coconut
14    VENKATRAM NAIK    M    27    Independent    Almirah
15    SAYAMOOLA NARSIMULU    M    30    Independent    Gas Stove
S01    11    16-Apr-09    AP    MAHBUBNAGAR    1    KUCHAKULLA YADAGIRI REDDY    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    K. CHANDRASEKHAR RAO    M    55    Telangana Rashtra Samithi    Car
3    DEVARAKONDA VITTAL RAO    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    PALEM SUDARSHAN GOUD    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ABDUL KAREEM KHAJA MOHAMMAD    M    50    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
6    ASIRVADAM    M    35    Great India Party    Television
7    KOLLA VENKATESH MADIGA    M    37    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party    Batsman
8    GUNDALA VIJAYALAKSHMI    F    61    Pyramid Party of India    Balloon
9    B. BALRAJ GOUD    M    44    Mana Party    Gas Cylinder
10    MUNISWAMY.C.R    M    32    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)    Basket
11    USHAN SATHYAMMA    F    32    Independent    Almirah
12    USAIN RANGAMMA    F    50    Independent    Carrot
13    YETTI CHINNA YENKAIAH    M    47    Independent    Candles
14    YETTI LINGAIAH    M    52    Independent    Banana
15    KANDUR KURMAIAH    M    56    Independent    Comb
16    KARRE JANGAIAH    M    29    Independent    Coconut
17    GANGAPURI RAVINDAR GOUD    M    28    Independent    Ceiling Fan
18    GAJJA NARSIMULU    M    35    Independent    Battery Torch
19    CHENNAMSETTY DASHARATHA RAMULU HOLEA DASARI    M    31    Independent    Cake
20    M.A. JABBAR    M    39    Independent    Brush
21    DEPALLY MAISAIAH    M    27    Independent    Table
22    DEPALLY SAYANNA    M    47    Independent    Diesel Pump
23    K. NARSIMULU    M    52    Independent    Coat
24    NAGENDER REDDY. K    M    49    Independent    Dolli
25    PANDU    M    29    Independent    Cot
26    BUDIGA JANGAM LAXMAMMA    F    30    Independent    Brief Case
27    MOHAMMAD GHOUSE MOINUDDIN    M    76    Independent    Camera
28    MALA JANGILAMMA    F    50    Independent    Bat
29    RAJESH NAIK    M    29    Independent    Cup & Saucer
30    RAIKANTI RAMADAS MADIGA    M    40    Independent    Nagara
31    V. VENKATESHWARLU    M    32    Independent    Bread
32    B. SEENAIAH GOUD    M    62    Independent    Black Board
S01    12    16-Apr-09    AP    NAGARKURNOOL    1    GUVVALA BALARAJU    M    31    Telangana Rashtra Samithi    Car
2    TANGIRALA PARAMJOTHI    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DR. MANDA JAGANNATH    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    DR. T. RATNAKARA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    DEVANI SATYANARAYANA    M    39    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    S.P.FERRY ROY    M    27    Pyramid Party of India    Television
7    G. VIDYASAGAR    M    60    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
8    ANAPOSALA VENKATESH    M    27    Independent    Ring
9    N. KURUMAIAH    M    27    Independent    Camera
10    BUDDULA SRINIVAS    M    35    Independent    Almirah
11    A.V. SHIVA KUMAR    M    42    Independent    Gas Cylinder
12    SIRIGIRI MANNEM    M    36    Independent    Road Roller
13    HANUMANTHU    M    28    Independent    Coconut
S01    13    16-Apr-09    AP    NALGONDA    1    GUTHA SUKENDER REDDY    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    NAZEERUDDIN    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    VEDIRE SRIRAM REDDY    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SURAVARAM SUDHAKAR REDDY    M    67    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
5    A. NAGESHWAR RAO    M    59    Pyramid Party of India    Television
6    PADURI KARUNA    F    58    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    DAIDA LINGAIAH    M    51    Independent    Gas Cylinder
8    MD. NAZEEMUDDIN    M    40    Independent    Ring
9    BOLUSANI KRISHNAIAH    M    45    Independent    Camera
10    BOLLA KARUNAKAR    M    33    Independent    Batsman
11    MARRY NEHEMIAH    M    55    Independent    Road Roller
12    YALAGANDULA RAMU    M    41    Independent    Coconut
13    K.V.SRINIVASA CHARYULU    M    30    Independent    Nagara
14    SHAIK AHMED    M    57    Independent    Kite
S01    14    16-Apr-09    AP    BHONGIR    1    KOMATIREDDY RAJ GOPAL REDDY    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    CHINTHA SAMBA MURTHY    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    NOMULA NARSIMHAIAH    M    49    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    SIDDHARTHA PHOOLEY    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    CHANDRA MOULI GANDAM    M    48    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    PALLA PRABHAKAR REDDY    M    64    Pyramid Party of India    Television
7    RACHA SUBHADRA REDDY    F    59    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
8    GUMMI BAKKA REDDY    M    75    Independent    Gas Cylinder
9    POOSA BALA KISHAN BESTA    M    35    Independent    Bat
10    PERUKA ANJAIAH    M    46    Independent    Nagara
11    MAMIDIGALLA JOHN BABU    M    40    Independent    Gas Stove
12    MEDI NARSIMHA    M    31    Independent    Coconut
13    RUPANI RAMESH VADDERA    M    31    Independent    Road Roller
14    SANGU MALLAYYA    M    66    Independent    Candles
15    SIRUPANGI RAMULU    M    55    Independent    Camera
S01    15    16-Apr-09    AP    WARANGAL    1    JAYAPAL. V    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    DOMMATI SAMBAIAH    M    45    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
3    RAJAIAH SIRICILLA    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    RAMAGALLA PARAMESHWAR    M    55    Telangana Rashtra Samithi    Car
5    LALAIAH P    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    ONTELA MONDAIAH    M    58    Pyramid Party of India    Television
7    DR. CHANDRAGIRI RAJAMOULY    M    49    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
8    BALLEPU VENKAT NARSINGA RAO    M    37    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
9    KANNAM VENKANNA    M    32    Independent    Gas Cylinder
10    KRISHNADHI SRILATHA    F    33    Independent    Ring
11    SOMAIAH GANAPURAM    M    39    Independent    Hat
12    DAMERA MOGILI    M    34    Independent    Glass Tumbler
13    DUBASI NARSING    M    46    Independent    Kite
14    PAKALA DEVADANAM    M    74    Independent    Road Roller
15    D. SREEDHAR RAO    M    37    Independent    Battery Torch
S01    16    16-Apr-09    AP    MAHABUBABAD    1    KUNJA SRINIVASA RAO    M    31    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    GUMMADI PULLAIAH    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    B. DILIP    M    35    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    P. BALRAM    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    D.T. NAIK    M    61    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    PODEM SAMMAIAH    M    31    Pyramid Party of India    Television
7    BANOTH MOLCHAND    M    60    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
8    KALTHI VEERASWAMY    M    52    Independent    Gas Cylinder
9    KECHELA RANGA REDDY    M    44    Independent    Scissors
10    DATLA NAGESWAR RAO    M    42    Independent    Almirah
11    PADIGA YERRAIAH    M    64    Independent    Gas Stove
12    P. SATYANARAYANA    M    32    Independent    Cot
S01    17    16-Apr-09    AP    KHAMMAM    1    KAPILAVAI RAVINDER    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    THONDAPU VENKATESWARA RAO    M    30    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    NAMA NAGESWARA RAO    M    50    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    RENUKA CHOWDHURY    F    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    JALAGAM HEMAMALINI    F    40    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    JUPELLI SATYANARAYANA    M    61    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
7    MANUKONDA RAGHURAM PRASAD    M    55    Pyramid Party of India    Television
8    SHAIK MADAR SAHEB    M    40    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party    Jug
9    AVULA VENKATESWARLU    M    45    Independent    Scissors
10    CHANDA LINGAIAH    M    58    Independent    Maize
11    DANDA LINGAIAH    M    59    Independent    Gas Stove
12    BANOTH LAXMA NAIK    M    52    Independent    Road Roller
13    MALLAVARAPU JEREMIAH    M    63    Independent    Kite
S01    18    16-Apr-09    AP    ARUKU    1    KISHORE CHANDRA SURYANARAYANA DEO VYRICHERLA    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    KURUSA BOJJAIAH    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    GADUGU BALLAYYA DORA    M    38    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    MIDIYAM BABU RAO    M    58    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    LAKE RAJA RAO    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    MEENAKA SIMHACHALAM    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    VADIGALA PENTAYYA    M    56    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
8    APPA RAO KINJEDI    M    48    Independent    Nagara
9    ARIKA GUMPA SWAMY    M    60    Independent    Gas Cylinder
10    ILLA RAMI REDDY    M    54    Independent    Battery Torch
11    JAYALAKSHMI SHAMBUDU    F    39    Independent    Table
S01    19    16-Apr-09    AP    SRIKAKULAM    1    YERRNNAIDU KINJARAPU    M    50    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
2    KILLI KRUPA RANI    F    47    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    TANKALA SUDHAKARA RAO    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    DUPPALA RAVINDARA BABU    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    KALYANI VARUDU    F    29    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    NANDA PRASADA RAO    M    37    Pyramid Party of India    Television
S01    20    16-Apr-09    AP    VIZIANAGARAM    1    APPALA NAIDU KONDAPALLI    M    41    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
2    GOTTAPU CHINAMNAIDU    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    JHANSI LAXMI BOTCHA    F    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SANYASI RAJU PAKALAPATI    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    KIMIDI GANAPATHI RAO    M    52    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    LUNKARAN JAIN    M    60    Pyramid Party of India    Television
7    DATTLA SATYA APPALA SIVANANDA RAJU    M    34    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
8    VENKATA SATYA NARAYANA RAGHUMANDA    M    28    Bharatiya Sadbhawna Samaj Party    Road Roller
9    MAHESWARA RAO VARRI    M    35    Independent    Hat
S01    21    16-Apr-09    AP    VISAKHAPATNAM    1    I.M.AHMED    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    DAGGUBATI PURANDESWARI    F    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    DR.M.V.V.S.MURTHI    M    70    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    D.V.SUBBARAO    M    76    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    PALLA SRINIVASA RAO    M    40    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    BETHALA KEGIYA RANI    F    26    Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)    Kite
7    D.BHARATHI    F    53    Pyramid Party of India    Television
8    D.V.RAMANA (VASU MASTER)    M    37    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party    Candles
9    RAMESH LANKA    M    49    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party    Camera
10    M.T.VENKATESWARALU    M    42    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
11    APPARAO GOLAGANA    M    46    Independent    Road Roller
12    BANDAM VENKATA RAO YADAV    M    32    Independent    Diesel Pump
13    YADDANAPUDI RANGARAO    M    78    Independent    Gas Cylinder
14    YALAMANCHILI PRASAD    M    54    Independent    Ceiling Fan
15    RANGARAJU KALIDINDI    M    46    Independent    Banana
S01    22    16-Apr-09    AP    ANAKAPALLI    1    APPA RAO KIRLA    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    NOOKARAPU SURYA PRAKASA RAO    M    50    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
3    BHEEMISETTI NAGESWARARAO    M    41    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    VENKATA RAMANA BABU PILLA    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    SABBAM HARI    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    ALLU ARAVIND    M    62    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    PULAMARASETTI VENKATA RAMANA    M    28    Pyramid Party of India    Television
8    BOYINA NAGESWARA RAO    M    52    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
9    NANDA GOPAL GANDHAM    M    60    Independent    Road Roller
10    PATHALA SATYA RAO    M    46    Independent    Table
S01    23    23-Apr-09    AP    KAKINADA    1    DOMMETI SUDHAKAR    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    M.M.PALLAMRAJU    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    BIKKINA VISWESWARA RAO    M    34    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    VASAMSETTY SATYA    M    44    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
5    ALURI VIJAYA LAKSHMI    F    64    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
6    UDAYA KUMAR KONDEPUDI    M    36    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party    Ceiling Fan
7    GALI SATYAVATHI    F    40    Republican Party of India    Road Roller
8    GIDLA SIMHACHALAM    M    50    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Coconut
9    CHALAMALASETTY SUNIL    M    39    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
10    NAMALA SATYANARAYANA    M    45    Rajyadhikara Party    Television
11    N.PALLAMRAJU    M    52    Ajeya Bharat Party    Battery Torch
12    BUGATHA BANGARRAO    M    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
13    AKAY SURYANARAYANA    M    50    Independent    Gas Cylinder
14    CHAGANTI SURYA NARAYANA MURTHY    M    44    Independent    Scissors
15    DANAM LAZAR BABU    M    42    Independent    Glass Tumbler
16    BADAMPUDI BABURAO    M    51    Independent    Sewing Machine
S01    24    23-Apr-09    AP    AMALAPURAM    1    KOMMABATTULA UMA MAHESWARA RAO    M    65    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    GEDDAM SAMPADA RAO    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DOCTOR GEDELA VARALAKSHMI    F    55    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    G.V.HARSHA KUMAR    M    50    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AKUMARTHI SURYANARAYANA    M    50    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party    Almirah
6    KIRAN KUMAR BINEPE    M    43    Praja Bharath Party    Brief Case
7    P.V.CHAKRAVARTHI    M    54    Republican Party of India (Khobragade)    Gas Stove
8    POTHULA PRAMEELA DEVI    F    55    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
9    BHEEMARAO RAMJI MUTHABATHULA    M    39    Pyramid Party of India    Television
10    MASA RAMADASU    M    46    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Balloon
11    YALANGI RAMESH    M    45    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S01    25    23-Apr-09    AP    RAJAHMUNDRY    1    ARUNA KUMAR VUNDAVALLI    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    M. MURALI MOHAN    M    68    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
3    VAJRAPU KOTESWARA RAO    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SOMU VEERRAJU    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    UPPALAPATI VENKATA KRISHNAM RAJU    M    69    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    DATLA RAYA JAGAPATHI RAJU    M    50    Pyramid Party of India    Battery Torch
7    DR. PALADUGU CHANDRA MOULI    M    69    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
8    MEDAPATI PAPIREDDY    M    30    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party    Scissors
9    MEDA SRINIVAS    M    39    Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)    Television
10    PARAMATA GANESWARA RAO    M    46    Independent    Ring
11    MUSHINI RAMAKRISHNA RAO    M    51    Independent    Brush
12    VASAMSETTY NAGESWARA RAO    M    46    Independent    Coconut
13    SANABOINA SUBHALAKSHMI    F    44    Independent    Table
S01    26    23-Apr-09    AP    NARSAPURAM    1    KALIDINDI VISWANADHA RAJU    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    THOTA SITA RAMA LAKSHMI    F    59    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
3    BAPIRAJU KANUMURU    M    61    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    BHUPATHIRAJU SRINIVASA VARMA    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ALLURI YUGANDHARA RAJU    M    44    Pyramid Party of India    Television
6    GUBBALA TAMMAIAH    M    61    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    NAVUNDRU RAJENDRA PRASAD    M    44    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party    Bread
8    M V R RAJU    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Gas Stove
9    MANORAMA SANKU    F    62    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
10    KALIDINDI BHIMARAJU    M    73    Independent    Nagara
S01    27    23-Apr-09    AP    ELURU    1    KAVURI SAMBASIVA RAO    M    65    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    KODURI VENKATA SUBBA RAJU    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    PILLELLLI SUNIL    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    MAGANTI VENKATESWARA RAO(BABU)    M    49    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
5    Y.V.S.V. PRASADA RAO (YERNENI PRASADA RAO)    M    61    Pyramid Party of India    Television
6    KOLUSU PEDA REDDAIAH YADAV    M    67    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    SAVANAPUDI NAGARAJU    M    48    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)    Gas Cylinder
8    SIRIKI SRINIVAS    M    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Coconut
9    KASI NAIDU KAMMILI    M    39    Independent    Ceiling Fan
10    TANUKU SEKHAR    M    45    Independent    Candles
11    DODDA KAMESWARA RAO    M    54    Independent    Hat
12    DOWLURI GOVARDHAN    M    32    Independent    Maize
S01    28    23-Apr-09    AP    MACHILIPATNAM    1    KONAKALLA NARAYANA RAO    M    59    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
2    CHIGURUPATI RAMALINGESWARA RAO    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    BADIGA RAMAKRISHNA    M    66    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    BHOGADI RAMA DEVI    F    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    KOPPULA VENKATESWARA RAO    M    45    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
6    CHENNAMSETTI RAMACHANDRAIAH    M    60    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    YARLAGADDA RAMAMOHANA RAO    M    44    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party    Letter Box
8    VARA LAKSHMI KONERU    F    59    Pyramid Party of India    Television
9    G.V. NAGESWARA RAO    M    25    Independent    Gas Stove
10    YENDURI SUBRAMANYESWA RAO ( MANI )    M    50    Independent    Road Roller
S01    29    23-Apr-09    AP    VIJAYAWADA    1    LAGADAPATI RAJA GOPAL    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    LAKA VENGALA RAO    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    VAMSI MOHAN VALLABHANENI    M    38    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    SISTLA NARASIMHA MURTHY    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    DEVINENI KISHORE KUMAR    M    59    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
6    RAGHAVA RAO JAKKA    M    60    Pyramid Party of India    Television
7    RAJIV CHANUMOLU    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
8    APPIKATLA JAWAHAR    M    44    Independent    Gas Stove
9    KRISHNA MURTHY SUNKARA    M    46    Independent    Jug
10    JAKKA TARAKA MALLIKHARJUNA RAO    M    42    Independent    Camera
11    DEVERASETTY RAVINDRA BABU    M    35    Independent    Sewing Machine
12    DEVIREDDY RAVINDRANATHA REDDY    M    36    Independent    Battery Torch
13    PERUPOGU VENKATESWARA RAO    M    41    Independent    Nagara
14    BAIPUDI NAGESWARA RAO    M    30    Independent    Batsman
15    BOPPA VENKATESWARA RAO    M    42    Independent    Road Roller
16    BOLISETTY HARIBABU    M    46    Independent    Coconut
17    VEERLA SANJEEVA RAO    M    44    Independent    Ring
18    VENKATA RAO P.    M    44    Independent    Slate
19    SENAPATHI CHIRANJEEVI    M    36    Independent    Ceiling Fan
20    SHAIK MASTAN    M    28    Independent    Candles
S01    30    23-Apr-09    AP    GUNTUR    1    MALLELA BABU RAO    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    RAJENDRA MADALA    M    42    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
3    YADLAPATI SWARUPARANI    F    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SAMBASIVA RAO RAYAPATI    M    65    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AMANULLA KHAN    M    37    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
6    KOMMANABOINA LAKSHMAIAH    M    39    Rajyadhikara Party    Coconut
7    THOTA CHANDRA SEKHAR    M    47    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
8    YARRAKULA TULASI RAM YADAV    M    29    Samajwadi Party    Candles
9    VELAGAPUDI LAKSHMANA RAO    M    59    Pyramid Party of India    Television
10    SRINIVASA RAO THOTAKURA    M    34    Ajeya Bharat Party    Battery Torch
S01    31    23-Apr-09    AP    NARASARAOPET    1    BALASHOWRY VALLABHANENI    M    43    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    BEJJAM RATNAKARA RAO    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    VENUGOPALA REDDY MODUGULA    M    42    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    VALLEPU KRUPA RAO    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    SAI PRASAD EDARA    M    42    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party    Kite
6    GANUGAPENTA UTTAMA REDDY    M    30    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
7    SHAIK SYED SAHEB    M    65    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
8    S.G. MASTAN VALI    M    31    Pyramid Party of India    Television
9    ATCHALA NARASIMHA RAO    M    39    Independent    Candles
10    ANNAMRAJU VENUGOPALA MADHAVA RAO    M    37    Independent    Almirah
11    KATAMARAJU NALAGORLA    M    61    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    SRINIVASA REDDY KESARI    M    40    Independent    Bat
13    YAMPATI VEERANJANEYA REDDY    M    38    Independent    Coconut
14    RAMADUGU VENKATA SUBBA RAO    M    45    Independent    Gas Stove
S01    32    23-Apr-09    AP    BAPATLA    1    DARA SAMBAIAH    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PANABAKA LAKSHMI    F    50    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    BATTULA ROSAYYA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    MALYADRI SRIRAM    M    55    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
5    GARIKAPATI SUDHAKAR    M    37    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Banana
6    NUTHAKKI RAMA RAO    M    61    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    GUDIPALLI SATHYA BABUJI    M    40    Independent    Road Roller
8    GORREMUCHU CHINNA RAO    M    42    Independent    Television
9    GOLLA BABU RAO    M    34    Independent    Comb
10    DEVARAPALLI BUJJI BABU    M    34    Independent    Battery Torch
S01    33    23-Apr-09    AP    ONGOLE    1    MANDAVA VASUDEVA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    MADDULURI MALAKONDAIAH YADAV    M    47    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
3    MAGUNTA SRINIVASULU REDDY    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    CHALUVADI SRINIVASARAO    M    38    Pyramid Party of India    Television
5    DR,NARAYANAM RADHA DEVI    F    57    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
6    PIDATHALA SAI KALPANA    F    50    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    SHAIK SHAJAHAN    M    49    United Women Front    Electric Pole
8    GARRE RAMAKRISHNA    M    34    Independent    Letter Box
9    DAMA MOHANA RAO    M    53    Independent    Road Roller
10    NALAMALAPU LAKSHMINARASAREDDY    M    40    Independent    Table
11    YATHAPU KONDAREDDY    M    28    Independent    Cake
S01    34    23-Apr-09    AP    NANDYAL    1    NASYAM MOHAMMED FAROOK    M    57    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
2    S.MOHAMMED ISMAIL    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    S.P.Y.REDDY    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    ABDUL SATTAR . G    M    26    B. C. United Front    Ceiling Fan
5    PICHHIKE NARENDRA DEV    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Balloon
6    BHUMA VENKATA NAGI REDDY    M    45    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    RAMA JAGANNADHA REDDY TAMIDELA    M    34    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
8    SADHU VEERA VENKATA RAMANAIAH    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Banana
9    AMBATI RAMESWARA REDDY    M    35    Independent    Bat
10    K.ARTHER PANCHARATNAM    M    44    Independent    Basket
11    B.P.KAMBAGIRI SWAMY    M    36    Independent    Almirah
12    GALI RAMA SUBBA REDDY    M    33    Independent    Dolli
13    A.U.FAROOQ    M    25    Independent    Batsman
14    G.BALASWAMY    M    37    Independent    Jug
15    T.MAHESH NAIDU    M    28    Independent    Road Roller
16    B.V.RAMI REDDY    M    47    Independent    Cup & Saucer
17    B.R.L.REDDY    M    40    Independent    Fork
18    VENNUPUSA VENKATESHWARA REDDY    M    35    Independent    Television
19    SINGAM VENKATESHWARA REDDY    M    35    Independent    Camera
20    T.SRINUVASULU    M    38    Independent    Battery Torch
21    V.SESHI REDDY    M    33    Independent    Diesel Pump
S01    35    23-Apr-09    AP    KURNOOL    1    KOTLA JAYA SURYA PRAKASH REDDY    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    GADDAM RAMAKRISHNA    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    B.T.NAIDU    M    36    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    RAVI SUBRAMANYAM K.A.    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    JALLI VENKATESH    M    38    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
6    DR.DANDIYA KHAJA PEERA    M    55    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    B.NAGA JAYA CHANDRA REDDY    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Hat
8    DR.P.R.PARAMESWAR REDDY    M    36    Pyramid Party of India    Television
9    DEVI RAMALINGAPPA    M    44    Independent    Gas Cylinder
10    V.V. RAMANA    M    38    Independent    Coconut
11    RAJU    M    45    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S01    36    23-Apr-09    AP    ANANTAPUR    1    ANANTHA VENKATA RAMI REDDY    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    AMBATI RAMA KRISHNA REDDY    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    KALAVA SRINIVASULU    M    44    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    GADDALA NAGABHUSHANAM    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    AMARNATH    M    32    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
6    KRUSHNAPURAM GAYATHRI DEVI    F    36    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    MANSOOR    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
8    G HARI    M    29    Pyramid Party of India    Television
9    T CHANDRA SEKHAR    M    30    Independent    Sewing Machine
10    DEVELLA MURALI    M    44    Independent    Coconut
11    K P NARAYANA SWAMY    M    41    Independent    Road Roller
12    J C RAMANUJULA REDDY    M    52    Independent    Banana
S01    37    23-Apr-09    AP    HINDUPUR    1    KRISTAPPA NIMMALA    M    52    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
2    P KHASIM KHAN    M    53    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    NARESH CINE ACTOR    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    B.S.P.SREERAMULU    M    30    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    KADAPALA SREEKANTA REDDY    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    NIRANJAN BABU. K    M    30    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
7    S. MUSKIN VALI    M    26    Pyramid Party of India    Television
8    K. JAKEER    M    40    Independent    Almirah
9    B. NAGABHUSHANA RAO    M    76    Independent    Violin
10    P. PRASAD (PEETLA PRASAD)    M    32    Independent    Road Roller
S01    38    23-Apr-09    AP    KADAPA    1    JAMBAPURAM MUNI REDDY    M    31    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    Y.S. JAGAN MOHAN REDDY    M    36    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    PALEM SRIKANTH REDDY    M    45    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    VANGALA SHASHI BHUSHAN REDDY    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    KASIBHATLA SAINATH SARMA    M    38    Rajyadhikara Party    Almirah
6    N. KISHORE KUMAR REDDY    M    38    Janata Dal (Secular)    Bat
7    KUNCHAM VENKATA SUBBA REDDY    M    42    Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi    Gas Cylinder
8    DR. KHALEEL BASHA    M    60    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
9    GAJJALA RAMA SUBBA REDDY    M    57    Pyramid Party of India    Television
10    GUDIPATI. PRASANNA KUMAR    M    55    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
11    C. GOPI NARASIMHA REDDY    M    31    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
12    CHINNAPA REDDY KOMMA    M    41    Bharatiya Jan Shakti    Nagara
13    Y. SEKHARA REDDY    M    47    Republican Party of India (A)    Road Roller
14    S. ALI SHER    M    47    Independent    Coconut
15    THIMMAPPAGARI VENKATA SIVA REDDY    M    47    Independent    Hat
16    V. NARENDRA    M    39    Independent    Banana
17    S. RAJA MADIGA    M    46    Independent    Scissors
18    YELLIPALAM RAMESH REDDY    M    35    Independent    Shuttle
19    SIVANARAYANA REDDY CHADIPIRALLA    M    39    Independent    Camera
20    J. SUBBARAYUDU    M    51    Independent    Balloon
S01    39    23-Apr-09    AP    NELLORE    1    S. PADMA NAGESWARA RAO    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    BATHINA NARASIMHA RAO    M    65    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MEKAPATI RAJAMOHAN REDDY    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    VANTERU VENU GOPALA REDDY    M    59    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
5    JANA RAMACHANDRAIAH    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
6    VEMURI BHASKARA RAO    M    36    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
7    SIDDIRAJU SATYANARAYANA    M    43    Pyramid Party of India    Television
8    KARIMULLA    M    42    Independent    Road Roller
9    MUCHAKALA CHANDRA SEKHAR YADAV    M    40    Independent    Ring
10    VENKATA BHASKAR REDDY DIRISALA    M    37    Independent    Almirah
11    SYED HAMZA HUSSAINY    M    46    Independent    Slate
S01    40    23-Apr-09    AP    TIRUPATI    1    CHINTA MOHAN    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    VARLA RAMAIAH    M    57    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
3    N.VENKATASWAMY    M    77    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    JUVVIGUNTA VENKATESWARLU    M    37    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
5    DEGALA SURYANARAYANA    M    34    Pyramid Party of India    Television
6    DHANASEKHAR GUNDLURU    M    41    Republican Party of India (A)    Nagara
7    VARAPRASADA RAO. V    M    55    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
8    OREPALLI VENKATA KRISHNA PRASAD    M    43    Independent    Ceiling Fan
9    KATTAMANCHI PRABAKHAR    M    40    Independent    Gas Cylinder
10    YALAVADI MUNIKRISHNAIAH    M    64    Independent    Almirah
S01    41    23-Apr-09    AP    RAJAMPET    1    ANNAYYAGARI SAI PRATHAP    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    ALLAPUREDDY. HARINATHA REDDY    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAMESH KUMAR REDDY REDDAPPAGARI    M    44    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    SUNKARA SREENIVAS    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    DR. ARAVA. VENKATA SUBBA REDDY MBBS,DCH    M    38    Pyramid Party of India    Television
6    ADI NARAYANA REDDY .V    M    40    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party    Ring
7    NAGESWARA RAO EDAGOTTU    M    38    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
8    D.A. SRINIVAS    M    36    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
9    SHAIK AMEEN PEERAN    M    39    Ambedkar National Congress    Road Roller
10    ASADI VENKATADRI    M    41    Independent    Gas Cylinder
11    INDRA PRAKASH    M    32    Independent    Bat
12    KASTHURI OBAIAH NAIDU    M    55    Independent    Camera
13    B. KRISHNAPPA    M    32    Independent    Coconut
14    PULA RAGHU    M    44    Independent    Almirah
15    HAJI MOHAMMAD AZAM    M    82    Independent    Sewing Machine
S01    42    23-Apr-09    AP    CHITTOOR    1    JAYARAM DUGGANI    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    THIPPESWAMY M    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    NARAMALLI SIVAPRASAD    M    57    Telugu Desam    Bicycle
4    B.SIVAKUMAR    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    A. AMARNADH    M    37    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Gas Cylinder
6    TALARI MANOHAR    M    54    Praja Rajyam Party    Railway Engine
7    G. VENKATACHALAM    M    29    Lok Satta Party    Whistle
S02    1    16-Apr-09    AR    ARUNACHAL WEST    1    KIREN RIJIJU    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    TAKAM SANJOY    M    42    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    TABA TAKU    M    25    Lok Bharati    Candles
4    SUBU KECHI    M    36    Independent    Kettle
S02    2    16-Apr-09    AR    ARUNACHAL EAST    1    LOWANGCHA WANGLAT    M    66    Arunachal Congress    Two Daos Intersecting
2    NINONG ERING    M    50    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    TAPIR GAO    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DR. SAMSON BORANG    M    33    People’s Party of Arunachal    Maize
S03    1    16-Apr-09    AS    KARIMGANJ    1    RAJESH MALLAH    M    43    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
2    LALIT MOHAN SUKLABAIDYA    M    68    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SUDHANGSHU DAS    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    UTTAM NOMOSUDRA    M    34    Independent    Cup & Saucer
5    JOY DAS    M    37    Independent    Kite
6    DEBASISH DAS    M    36    Independent    Table
7    PROBHASH CH. SARKAR    M    36    Independent    Candles
8    BIJON ROY    M    35    Independent    Scissors
9    BIJOY MALAKAR    M    42    Independent    Glass Tumbler
10    MALATI ROY    F    42    Independent    Almirah
11    MILON SINGHA    M    42    Independent    Kettle
12    RANJAN NAMASUDRA    M    41    Independent    Battery Torch
13    RAJESH CHANDRA ROY    M    29    Independent    Frock
14    SITAL PRASAD DUSAD    M    55    Independent    Television
15    HIMANGSHU KUMAR DAS    M    28    Independent    Jug
S03    2    16-Apr-09    AS    SILCHAR    1    KABINDRA PURKAYASTHA    M    74    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    DIPAK BHATTACHARJEE    M    69    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    BADRUDDIN AJMAL    M    54    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
4    SONTOSH MOHAN DEV    M    75    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    KANTIMOY DEB    M    60    Independent    Cup & Saucer
6    CHANDAN RABIDAS    M    34    Independent    Television
7    JAYANTA MALLICK    M    36    Independent    Table
8    JOY SUNDAR DAS    M    38    Independent    Jug
9    NAGENDRA CHANDRA DAS    M    28    Independent    Violin
10    NAZRUL HAQUE MAZARBHUIYAN    M    36    Independent    Ceiling Fan
11    NABADWIP DAS    M    58    Independent    Gas Cylinder
12    PIJUSH KANTI DAS    M    38    Independent    Candles
13    MANISH BHATTACHARJEE    M    62    Independent    Coat
14    YOGENDRA KUMAR SINGH    M    40    Independent    Railway Engine
15    SUBIR DEB    M    41    Independent    Battery Torch
16    SUMIT ROY    M    33    Independent    Frying Pan
S03    3    16-Apr-09    AS    AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT    1    KULENDRA DAULAGUPU    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    BIREN SINGH ENGTI    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    HIDDHINATH RONGPI    M    45    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    ELWIN TERON    M    48    Autonomous State Demand Committee    Table
5    DR. JAYANTA RONGPI    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    KABON TIMUNGPI    F    56    Independent    Dolli
S03    4    23-Apr-09    AS    DHUBRI    1    ANWAR HUSSAIN    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    BADRUDDIN AJMAL    M    54    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
3    ARUN DAS    M    39    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
4    ALOK SEN    M    37    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    SOLEMAN ALI    M    45    Independent    Kettle
6    SHAHJAHAN ALI    M    39    Independent    Table
7    SOLEMAN KHANDAKER    M    53    Independent    Railway Engine
8    TRIPTI KANA MAZUMDAR CHOUDHURY    F    45    Independent    Cup & Saucer
9    NUR MAHAMMAD    M    61    Independent    Scissors
10    MINHAR ALI MANDAL    M    61    Independent    Jug
S03    5    23-Apr-09    AS    KOKRAJHAR    1    SABDA RAM RABHA    M    39    Asom Gana Parishad    Elephant
2    SANSUMA KHUNGGUR BWISWMUTHIARY    M    49    Bodaland Peoples Front    Railway Engine
3    URKHAO GWRA BRAHMA    M    45    Independent    Cup & Saucer
S03    6    23-Apr-09    AS    BARPETA    1    ABDUS SAMAD AHMED    M    41    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
2    MD. AMIR ALI    M    42    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    ISMAIL HUSSAIN    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    DURGESWAR DEKA    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    BHUPEN RAY    M    49    Asom Gana Parishad    Elephant
6    ABU CHAND MAHMMAD    M    63    Republican Party of India (A)    Sewing Machine
7    ABDUL KADDUS    M    35    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
8    KANDARPA LAHKAR    M    53    Rashtravadi Janata Party    Railway Engine
9    MD. DILIR KHAN    M    42    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Ladder
10    MUIJ UDDIN MAHMUD    M    51    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
11    ABDUL KADER    M    41    Independent    Almirah
12    GOLAP HUSSAIN MAZUMDER    M    35    Independent    Television
13    DEWAN JOYNAL ABEDIN    M    65    Independent    Cup & Saucer
14    BHADRESWAR DAS    M    40    Independent    Battery Torch
S03    7    23-Apr-09    AS    GAUHATI    1    AKSHAY RAJKHOWA    M    49    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    BIJOYA CHAKRAVARTY    F    70    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    CAPT. ROBIN BORDOLOI    M    67    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SONABOR ALI    M    58    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
5    AMBU BORA    M    78    Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)    Kettle
6    DEEPAK KALITA    M    34    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
7    SHIMANTA BRAHMA    M    48    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
8    AMIT BARUA    M    42    Independent    Diesel Pump
9    KAZI NEKIB AHMED    M    51    Independent    Jug
10    DEVA KANTA RAMCHIARY    M    46    Independent    Railway Engine
11    BRIJESH ROY    M    30    Independent    Television
12    RINA GAYARY DAS    F    41    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S03    8    23-Apr-09    AS    MANGALDOI    1    BADIUJ ZAMAL    M    33    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
2    MADHAB RAJBANGSHI    M    53    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    RAMEN DEKA    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DINA NATH DAS    M    65    Bodaland Peoples Front    Kettle
5    PARVEEN SULTANA    F    42    All India Minorities Front    Camera
6    RABINDRA NATH HAZARIKA    M    72    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Gas Cylinder
7    RATUL KUMAR CHOUDHURY    M    38    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
8    LANKESWAR ACHARJYA    M    45    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
9    LUCYMAI BASUMATARI    F    58    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
10    AROON BAROOA    M    53    Independent    Table Lamp
11    PRODEEP KUMAR DAIMARY    M    42    Independent    Battery Torch
12    BHUPENDRA NATH KAKATI    M    62    Independent    Scissors
13    MANOJ KUMAR DEKA    M    55    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S03    9    23-Apr-09    AS    TEZPUR    1    JITEN SUNDI    M    64    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    DEBA ORANG    M    54    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
3    MONI KUMAR SUBBA    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    JOSEPH TOPPO    M    60    Asom Gana Parishad    Elephant
5    ARUN KUMAR MURMOO    M    33    Bharat Vikas Morcha    Table Lamp
6    PARASHMONI SINHA    M    33    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
7    JUGANANDA HAZARIKA    M    42    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
8    RUBUL SARMA    M    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
9    REGINOLD V. JOHNSON    M    45    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
10    KALYAN KUMAR DEORI BHARALI    M    69    Independent    Battery Torch
11    DANIEL DAVID JESUDAS    M    66    Independent    Railway Engine
12    MD. NAZIR AHMED    M    56    Independent    Candles
13    DR. PRANAB KR. DAS    M    41    Independent    Sewing Machine
14    PRASANTA BORO    M    32    Independent    Brush
15    RUDRA PARAJULI    M    52    Independent    Television
S03    10    23-Apr-09    AS    NOWGONG    1    ANIL RAJA    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    RAJEN GOHAIN    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SIRAJ UDDIN AJMAL    M    52    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
4    PHEIROIJAM IBOMCHA SINGH    M    60    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
5    BIPIN SAIKIA    M    55    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
6    BIREN DAS    M    48    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
7    BHUPEN CHANDRA MUDOI    M    55    Republican Party of India (A)    Candles
8    LIAQAT HUSSAIN    M    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
9    ASHIT DUTTA    M    47    Independent    Cup & Saucer
10    NAZRUL HAQUE MAZARBHUIYAN    M    55    Independent    Ceiling Fan
11    PUSPA KANTA BORA    M    49    Independent    Table
12    BIMALA PRASAD TALUKDAR    M    46    Independent    Diesel Pump
13    HERAMBA MOHAN PANDIT    M    45    Independent    Table Lamp
S03    11    23-Apr-09    AS    KALIABOR    1    GUNIN HAZARIKA    M    61    Asom Gana Parishad    Elephant
2    DIP GOGOI    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SIRAJ UDDIN AJMAL    M    52    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
4    KAMAL HAZARIKA    M    48    Independent    Jug
5    PAUL NAYAK    M    40    Independent    Table
6    PRADEEP DUTTA    M    42    Independent    Candles
7    BINOD GOGOI    M    38    Independent    Television
8    MRIDUL BARUAH    M    37    Independent    Railway Engine
S03    12    23-Apr-09    AS    JORHAT    1    KAMAKHYA TASA    M    34    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    DRUPAD BORGOHAIN    M    68    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    BIJOY KRISHNA HANDIQUE    M    77    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    ABINASH KISHORE BORAH    M    30    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
5    BIREN NANDA    M    48    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
6    NAVAPROKASH SONOWAL    M    36    Independent    Black Board
7    RAJ KUMAR DOWARAH    M    43    Independent    Candles
8    SUJIT SAHU    M    38    Independent    Television
S03    13    23-Apr-09    AS    DIBRUGARH    1    SRI PABAN SINGH GHATOWAR    M    60    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    SRI ROMEN CH. BORTHAKUR    M    48    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    SRI RATUL GOGOI    M    31    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
4    SRI SARBANANDA SONOWAL    M    47    Asom Gana Parishad    Elephant
5    SRI GONGARAM KAUL    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    NIHARIKA BORPATRA GOHAIN GOGOI    F    30    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
7    IMTIAZ HUSSAIN    M    31    Independent    Battery Torch
8    FRANCIS DHAN    M    40    Independent    Candles
9    LAKHI CHARAN SWANSI    M    34    Independent    Railway Engine
10    SIMA GHOSH    F    40    Independent    Road Roller
S03    14    23-Apr-09    AS    LAKHIMPUR    1    DR. ARUN KR. SARMA    M    52    Asom Gana Parishad    Elephant
2    BHOGESWAR DUTTA    M    63    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    RANEE NARAH    F    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    GANGADHAR DUTTA    M    39    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
5    DEBNATH MAJHI    M    30    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    PRAN JYOTI BORPATRA GOHAIN    M    26    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
7    MINU BURAGOHAIN    F    50    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
8    RATNESWAR GOGOI    M    63    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
9    LALIT MILI    M    53    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Television
10    SONAMONI DAS    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
11    ASAP SUNDIGURIA    M    62    Independent    Candles
12    PRASHANTA GOGOI    M    35    Independent    Black Board
13    BHUMIDHAR HAZARIKA    M    38    Independent    Railway Engine
14    RANOJ PEGU    M    45    Independent    Cup & Saucer
15    RABIN DEKA    M    54    Independent    Camera
S04    1    23-Apr-09    BR    VALMIKI NAGAR    1    DILIP VERMA    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    BAIDYANATH PRASAD MAHTO    M    51    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
3    MANAN MISHRA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    MOHAMMAD SHAMIM AKHTAR    M    37    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    RAGHUNATH JHA    M    63    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
6    BIRENDRA PRASAD GUPTA    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    SHAILENDRA KUMAR GARHWAL    M    38    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
8    AMBIKA SINGH    M    53    Independent    Almirah
9    UMESH    M    36    Independent    Balloon
10    DEORAJ RAM    M    31    Independent    Walking Stick
11    FAKHRUDDIN    M    37    Independent    Cup & Saucer
12    MAGISTER YADAV    M    42    Independent    Banana
13    MANOHAR MANOJ    M    40    Independent    Basket
14    RAMASHANKAR PRASAD    M    35    Independent    Bat
15    RAKESH KUMAR PANDEY    M    51    Independent    Batsman
16    SATYANARAIN YADAV    M    28    Independent    Battery Torch
S04    2    23-Apr-09    BR    PASCHIM CHAMPARAN    1    ANIRUDH PRASAD ALIAS SADHU YADAV    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PRAKASH JHA    M    55    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
3    RAMASHRAY SINGH    M    65    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    SHAMBHU PRASAD GUPTA    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    DR. SANJAY JAISWAL    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
6    FAIYAZUL AZAM    M    71    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
7    MANOJ KUMAR    M    44    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
8    SYED SHAMIM AKHTAR    M    48    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Ceiling Fan
9    NAFIS AHAMAD    M    35    Independent    Almirah
10    SHRIMAN MISHRA    M    41    Independent    Basket
11    SYED IRSHAD AKHTER    M    32    Independent    Letter Box
S04    3    23-Apr-09    BR    PURVI CHAMPARAN    1    AKHILESH PRASAD SINGH    M    40    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
2    ARVIND KUMAR GUPTA    M    29    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    GAGANDEO YADAV    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RADHA MOHAN SINGH    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    RAMCHANDRA PRASAD    M    51    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
6    UMESH KUMAR SINGH    M    43    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)    Battery Torch
7    NAGENDRA SAHANI    M    33    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
8    SURESH KUMAR RAJAK    M    45    Indian Justice Party    Almirah
9    SURESH KUMAR RAI    M    41    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party    Cup & Saucer
10    JHAGARU MAHATO    M    48    Independent    Balloon
11    PARASNATHPANDEY    M    48    Independent    Banana
12    MD. MURTUJA ANSARI ALIAS DR. LAL    M    40    Independent    Basket
S04    4    23-Apr-09    BR    SHEOHAR    1    MD. ANWARUL HAQUE    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    MD. TANVEER ZAFAR    M    33    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    RAMA DEVI    F    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    LOVELY ANAND    F    35    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    SITARAM SINGH    M    60    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
6    ARUN SAH    M    30    Bharatiya Loktantrik Party(Gandhi-Lohiawadi)    Almirah
7    BASDEO SAH    M    36    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
8    SHATRUGHNA SAHU    M    38    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal    Cup & Saucer
9    AJAY KUMAR PANDEY    M    36    Independent    Bat
10    CHANDRIKA PRASAD    M    34    Independent    Comb
11    MOHAMMAD FIROZ AHAMAD    M    28    Independent    Banana
12    MOHSIN    M    29    Independent    Balloon
13    YOGENDRA RAM    M    38    Independent    Sewing Machine
14    RAM ASHISH MAHTO    M    64    Independent    Basket
15    SUNIL SINGH    M    44    Independent    Batsman
S04    5    23-Apr-09    BR    SITAMARHI    1    ARJUN ROY    M    37    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
2    MAYA SHANKAR SHARAN    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SAMIR KUMAR MAHASETH    M    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SITARAM YADAV    M    61    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
5    S. ABU DAUJANA    M    41    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
6    CHITARANJAN GIRI    M    42    Rashtriya Pragati Party    Balloon
7    MOHAMMAD AFZAL PAINTHER    M    44    Ambedkar National Congress    Kite
8    SHANKAR SINHA    M    51    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
9    CHANDRIKA PRASAD    M    34    Independent    Comb
10    ZAHID    M    30    Independent    Cup & Saucer
11    DINESH PRASAD    M    40    Independent    Banana
12    PAPPU KUMAR MISHRA    M    30    Independent    Almirah
13    MUKESH KUMAR GUPTA    M    39    Independent    Basket
14    RAVINDRA KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Letter Box
15    RAM KISHORE PRASAD    M    71    Independent    Television
16    SONE LAL SAH    M    61    Independent    Coconut
S04    6    23-Apr-09    BR    MADHUBANI    1    ABDULBARI SIDDIKI    M    62    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
2    LAXMANKANT MISHRA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DR SHAKEEL AHAMAD    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    HUKM DEO NARAYAN YADAV    M    72    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    DR HEMCHANDRA JHA    M    48    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
6    MINTU KUMAR SINGH    M    30    Jago Party    Railway Engine
7    MISHRI LAL YADAV    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party    Maize
8    RAMCHANDRA YADAV    M    65    Krantikari Samyavadi Party    Cup & Saucer
9    RAM SAGAR SAHANI    M    51    Indian Justice Party    Ceiling Fan
10    MD ZINNUR    M    47    Independent    Comb
11    RAVINDRA THAKUR    M    40    Independent    Camera
12    RAJESHWAR YADAV    M    37    Independent    Harmonium
13    SANJAY KUMAR MAHTO    M    36    Independent    Basket
14    HARIBHUSHAN THAKUR “BACHOL”    M    44    Independent    Lady Purse
S04    7    23-Apr-09    BR    JHANJHARPUR    1    KRIPANATH PATHAK    M    65    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    GAURI SHANKAR YADAV    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DEVENDRA PRASAD YADAV    M    53    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    MANGANI LAL MANDAL    M    60    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
5    DR KIRTAN PRASAD SINGH    M    50    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
6    YOGNATH MANDAL    M    36    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    OM PRAKASH    M    27    Independent    Bat
8    NATHUNI YADAV    M    57    Independent    Basket
9    FIROZ ALAM    M    38    Independent    Almirah
10    VIVEKA NAND JHA    M    33    Independent    Camera
11    SHANKAR PRASAD    M    26    Independent    Black Board
S04    8    30-Apr-09    BR    SUPAUL    1    ASHOK MAHTO    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    BALRAM SINGH YADAV    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    RANJEET RANJAN    F    32    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    VISHWA MOHAN KUMAR    M    47    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
5    SURYA NARAYAN YADAV    M    55    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
6    NARAYAN MANDAL    M    44    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
7    MANJU DEVI    F    32    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
8    SHARVAN KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    33    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
9    SURESH PRASAD MEHTA    M    44    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Cup & Saucer
10    ARBIND KUMAR    M    37    Independent    Maize
11    ASHOK PANKAJ    M    44    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    BHIM KUMAR GUPTA    M    31    Independent    Almirah
13    RAMCHANDRA PRASAD SINGH    M    69    Independent    Kite
14    RAMDEO SHARMA    M    51    Independent    Comb
15    VIJAY KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    36    Independent    Batsman
16    SURESH KUMAR AZAD    M    40    Independent    Road Roller
S04    9    30-Apr-09    BR    ARARIA    1    ZAKIR HUSSAIN KHAN    M    44    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
2    PRADEEP KUMAR SINGH    M    43    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAJA RAMAN BHASKAR    M    30    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    DR. SHAKEEL AHMAD KHAN    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AYAJUDIN    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party    Railway Engine
6    KAMALI DEVI    F    65    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    NASIM AHMAD GHAZI    M    45    Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha    Hat
8    ABDUL GAFOOR    M    48    Independent    Almirah
9    ABDUL WAHAB    M    48    Independent    Basket
10    OM PRAKASH    M    37    Independent    Ceiling Fan
11    KANHAIYA KUMAR DAS    M    27    Independent    Letter Box
12    DINESH RATHOUR    M    33    Independent    Bat
13    NAND LAL PASWAN    M    47    Independent    Kite
14    NITYA NAND BISHWAS    M    46    Independent    Candles
15    PRAMOD SINGH YADAV    M    46    Independent    Balloon
16    PRINCE VICTOR    M    39    Independent    Scissors
17    LAXMI SADA    M    52    Independent    Banana
18    VIJAY SAH    M    32    Independent    Glass Tumbler
19    SANJAY KUMAR JHA    M    38    Independent    Black Board
20    MD. SAJJAD    M    56    Independent    Batsman
21    SATYA NARAYAN WRITER    M    35    Independent    Coat
22    SADA NAND CHOUDHARY    M    50    Independent    Coconut
23    SADHANA DEVI    F    34    Independent    Table Lamp
24    SUKDEO PASWAN    M    56    Independent    Cup & Saucer
25    MOHAMMED SAIFUR RAB    M    41    Independent    Dolli
S04    10    30-Apr-09    BR    KISHANGANJ    1    ZUBAIR ALAM    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    TASLEEM UDDIN    M    67    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    MOHAMMAD ASRARUL HAQUE    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SYED MAHMOOD ASHRAF    M    44    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
5    TAMAJUL ALI    M    69    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal    Almirah
6    MOHAMMAD KHASHIUR RAHMAN    M    72    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)    Battery Torch
7    MOHAMMAD NISSAR ALAM    M    25    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
8    RAJIT PODAR    M    39    Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena    Basket
9    ABDUL RAJJAK URF KAL    M    39    Independent    Balloon
10    ABHINAV MODI    M    32    Independent    Kite
11    ASGAR MALIK    M    43    Independent    Letter Box
12    CHOTAY LAL MAHTO    M    32    Independent    Gas Cylinder
13    MD. TASLIMUDDIN    M    46    Independent    Banana
14    VISHWANATH KEJRIWAL    M    74    Independent    Nagara
15    SIKANDER SINGH    M    43    Independent    Glass Tumbler
S04    11    30-Apr-09    BR    KATIHAR    1    AHMAD ASHFAQUE KARIM    M    53    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
2    NIKHIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MADAN MOHAN NISHAD    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SHAH TARIQ ANWAR    M    58    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
5    OM PRAKASH PODDAR    M    38    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal    Cup & Saucer
6    MAHBOOB ALAM    M    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    MUNNI DEVI    F    35    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh    Sewing Machine
8    RAJESH GURNANI    M    38    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
9    CHANDU MURMU    M    43    Independent    Nagara
10    PHOOLO DEVI    F    40    Independent    Television
11    BABU LAL MARANDI    M    33    Independent    Scissors
12    MANOJ PARASAR    M    44    Independent    Candles
13    MOHAMMAD HAMID MUBARAK    M    33    Independent    Batsman
14    RAJGIRI SINGH    M    53    Independent    Comb
15    SUNIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    39    Independent    Almirah
16    HIMRAJ SINGH    M    49    Independent    Kite
S04    12    30-Apr-09    BR    PURNIA    1    UDAY SINGH ALIAS PAPPU SINGH    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    NAVEEN KUMAR SINGH    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SHANKAR JHA    M    48    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
4    ANIL KUMAR BHARTI    M    33    Rashtravadi Janata Party    Road Roller
5    ASHOK KUMAR SAH    M    55    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
6    IRSHAD AHMAD KHAN    M    49    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
7    MADHAVI SARKAR    F    50    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
8    MD. AISUR RAHMAN    M    43    Independent    Comb
9    ABDUL SATTAR    M    57    Independent    Dolli
10    ALIMUDDIN ANSARI    M    54    Independent    Basket
11    UPENDRA NATH SAGAR    M    60    Independent    Banana
12    KAUSHALYA DEVI    F    39    Independent    Coconut
13    JAGDISH PRASAD YADAV    M    63    Independent    Candles
14    JIVACHH PASWAN    M    39    Independent    Tent
15    DEEP NARAYAN SINGH    M    75    Independent    Almirah
16    PRAMOD NARAYAN PODDAR    M    52    Independent    Cup & Saucer
17    VIJAY KUMAR SAH    M    52    Independent    Kite
18    SHANTI PRIYA    F    49    Independent    Maize
19    SHIEKH AKBAR ALI    M    26    Independent    Bat
20    SUNIL KUMAR    M    30    Independent    Balloon
S04    13    30-Apr-09    BR    MADHEPURA    1    OMPRAKASH NARAYAN    M    44    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    DR.TARA NAND SADA    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    PROF. RAVINDRA CHARAN YADAV    M    49    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    BINOD KUMAR JHA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    SHARAD YADAV    M    61    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
6    DHANOJ KUMAR TANTI    M    26    Rashtravadi Janata Party    Railway Engine
7    RAVINDRA KUMAR    M    33    Rashtra Sewa Dal    Nagara
8    RAJO SAH    M    30    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Almirah
9    N.K.SINGH    M    66    Samata Party    Battery Torch
10    KARPURI RISHIDEO    M    28    Independent    Balloon
11    KISHOR KUMAR    M    33    Independent    Maize
12    TIRO SHARAMA    M    59    Independent    Banana
13    DHRUVA KUMAR GUPTA    M    43    Independent    Kite
14    PRASANN KUMAR    M    54    Independent    Basket
15    BALWANT GADHWAL    M    29    Independent    Batsman
16    MAHADEO YADAV    M    45    Independent    Black Board
17    SAAKAR SURESH YADAV    M    32    Independent    Cup & Saucer
S04    14    23-Apr-09    BR    DARBHANGA    1    AJAY KUMAR JALAN    M    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    MD. ALI ASHRAF FATMI    M    53    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    KIRTI AZAD    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    YUGESHWAR SAHNI    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    KUMARI SURESHWARI    F    60    Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party    Saw
6    MD. KHURSHID ALAM    M    46    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
7    DURGANAND MAHAVIR NAYAK    M    37    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal    Ceiling Fan
8    MD. NIZAMUDDIN    M    36    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
9    SATYANARAYAN MUKHIA    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
10    ABDUR RAHIM    M    49    Independent    Basket
11    GOVIND ACHARAY    M    27    Independent    Letter Box
12    BHARAT YADAV    M    54    Independent    Balloon
13    LALBAHADUR YADAV    M    35    Independent    Gas Cylinder
14    PROF. HARERAM ACHARAY    M    49    Independent    Walking Stick
S04    15    23-Apr-09    BR    MUZAFFARPUR    1    CAPTAIN JAI NARAYAN PRASAD NISHAD    M    78    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
2    BHAGWANLAL SAHNI    M    57    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
3    VINITA VIJAY    F    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SAMEER KUMAR    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    JITENDRA YADAV    M    35    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    DINESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA    M    32    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Almirah
7    DEVENDRA RAKESH    M    49    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party    Cup & Saucer
8    NEELU SINGH    F    36    Proutist Sarva Samaj    Maize
9    MAHENDRA PRASAD    M    63    Rashtriya Pragati Party    Kite
10    MITHILESH KUMAR    M    40    Rashtra Sewa Dal    Nagara
11    MOHAMMAD SHAMIM    M    31    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Balloon
12    MD. RAHAMTULLAHA    M    37    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh    Candles
13    RAM DAYAL RAM    M    48    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
14    REYAJ AHMAD ATISH    M    62    Jago Party    Ceiling Fan
15    MD. SALEEM    M    36    Rashtravadi Janata Party    Road Roller
16    ASHOK KUMAR LALAN    M    37    Independent    Banana
17    AHMAD RAZA    M    31    Independent    Battery Torch
18    GEORGE FERNANDES    M    78    Independent    Basket
19    TARKESHWAR PASWAN    M    38    Independent    Bat
20    VIJENDRA CHAUDHARY    M    42    Independent    Railway Engine
21    VINOD PASWAN    M    35    Independent    Gas Cylinder
22    SHAMBHU SAHNI    M    37    Independent    Batsman
23    SADANAND KISHORE THAKUR    M    38    Independent    Carrot
24    SYED ALAMDAR HUSSAIN    M    27    Independent    Black Board
S04    16    23-Apr-09    BR    VAISHALI    1    RAGHUVANSH PRASAD SINGH    M    62    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
2    VIJAY KUMAR SHUKLA    M    38    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
3    SHANKAR MAHTO    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    HIND KESRI YADAV    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    PUNAMRI DEVI    F    37    United Women Front    Electric Pole
6    PRAMOD KUMAR SHARMA    M    27    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party    Cup & Saucer
7    BADRI PASWAN    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
8    BALAK NATH SAHANI    M    39    Indian Justice Party    Almirah
9    LALJI KUMAR RAKESH    M    35    Rashtra Sewa Dal    Nagara
10    BINOD PANDIT    M    29    Lokpriya Samaj Party    Kite
11    INDARDEO RAI    M    46    Independent    Maize
12    JITENDRA PRASAD    M    34    Independent    Balloon
S04    17    16-Apr-09    BR    GOPALGANJ    1    ANIL KUMAR    M    41    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
2    JANAK RAM    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    PURNMASI RAM    M    52    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
4    RAMAI RAM    M    66    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    MADHU BHARTI    F    39    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
6    RAM KUMAR MANJHI    M    30    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
7    RAMASHANKAR RAM    M    43    Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha    Ceiling Fan
8    SATYADEO RAM    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
9    ASHA DEVI    F    46    Independent    Coconut
10    DINANATH MANJHI    M    31    Independent    Cup & Saucer
11    DHARMENDRA KUMAR HAZRA    M    41    Independent    Kite
12    BANITHA BAITHA    F    25    Independent    Letter Box
13    RAJESH KUMAR RAM    M    28    Independent    Almirah
14    RAM SURAT RAM    M    42    Independent    Stool
15    SHAMBHU DOM    M    41    Independent    Maize
16    SURENDRA PASWAN    M    28    Independent    Balloon
S04    18    16-Apr-09    BR    SIWAN    1    PARASH NATH PATHAK    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    BRISHIN PATEL    M    60    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
3    VIJAY SHANKER DUBEY    M    60    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    HENA SHAHAB    F    36    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
5    AMAR NATH YADAV    M    44    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    ASWANI KR. VERMA    M    28    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
7    MADHURI PANDAY    F    35    Samajik Jantantrik Party    Letter Box
8    LAL BABU TIWARI    M    55    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Kite
9    UMESH TIWARY    M    30    Independent    Ceiling Fan
10    OM PRAKASH YADAV    M    43    Independent    Cot
11    NIDHI KIRTI    F    26    Independent    Maize
12    PRABHU NATH MALI    M    26    Independent    Basket
13    DR. MUNESHWAR PRASAD    M    68    Independent    Pressure Cooker
14    RAJENDRA KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Table
15    SHAMBHU NATH PRASAD    M    60    Independent    Bat
S04    19    16-Apr-09    BR    MAHARAJGANJ    1    UMA SHANAKER SINGH    M    61    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
2    TARKESHWAR SINGH    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    PRABHU NATH SINGH    M    56    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
4    RAVINDRA NATH MISHRA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    RAMESH SINGH KUSHWAHA    M    59    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
6    SATYENDRA KR. SAHANI    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    GAUTAM PRASAD    M    30    Independent    Almirah
8    DHURENDRA RAM    M    47    Independent    Balloon
9    NAYAN PRASAD    M    53    Independent    Maize
10    PRADEEP MANJHI    M    32    Independent    Cup & Saucer
11    BANKE BIHARI SINGH    M    25    Independent    Bat
12    RAJESH KUMAR SINGH    M    26    Independent    Batsman
13    BREENDA PATHAK    M    63    Independent    Kite
S04    20    16-Apr-09    BR    SARAN    1    RAJIV PRATAP RUDY    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    LALU PRASAD    M    60    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    SALIM PERWEZ    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SANTOSH PATEL    M    39    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
5    SOHEL AKHATAR    M    33    Bharatiya Momin Front    Almirah
6    KUMAR BALRAM SINGH    M    56    Independent    Kite
7    DHUPENDRA SINGH    M    33    Independent    Gas Cylinder
8    RAJKUMAR RAI    M    33    Independent    Coconut
9    RAJAN HRISHIKESH CHANDRA    M    25    Independent    Basket
10    RAJARAM SAHANI    M    49    Independent    Maize
11    LAL BABU RAY    M    46    Independent    Cup & Saucer
12    SHEO DAS SINGH    M    74    Independent    Banana
S04    21    23-Apr-09    BR    HAJIPUR    1    DASAI CHOUDHARY    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    MAHESHWAR DAS    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    RAM VILAS PASWAN    M    61    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
4    RAM SUNDAR DAS    M    88    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
5    DINESH CHANDRA BHUSHAN    M    36    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
6    NAND LAL PASWAN    M    47    Independent    Cup & Saucer
7    PRATIMA KUMARI    F    33    Independent    Kite
8    RAJENDRA KUMAR PASWAN    M    54    Independent    Ceiling Fan
9    RAM TIRTH PASWAN    M    59    Independent    Nagara
10    VISHWA VIJAY KUMAR VIDHYARTHI    M    30    Independent    Almirah
11    SANJAY PASHWAN    M    30    Independent    Black Board
S04    22    23-Apr-09    BR    UJIARPUR    1    ASWAMEDH DEVI    F    40    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
2    ALOK KUMAR MEHTA    M    40    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    RAMDEO VERMA    M    62    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    VIJAYWANT KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    SHEEL KUMAR ROY    M    40    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    CHANDRA DEO ROY    M    48    Socialist Party (Lohia)    Almirah
7    JAI NARAYAN SAH    M    53    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party    Cup & Saucer
8    JITENDRA KUMAR ROY    M    32    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
9    TOSHAN SAH    M    62    Rashtriya Pragati Party    Spoon
10    MD. TAUKIR    M    40    Samata Party    Battery Torch
11    MASSOD HASSAN    M    29    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Candles
12    RAMNATH SINGH    M    36    Rashtra Sewa Dal    Nagara
13    ARJUN SAHNI    M    28    Independent    Balloon
14    PRADEEP KUMAR    M    41    Independent    Ceiling Fan
15    BRAJESH KUMAR NIRALA    M    51    Independent    Banana
16    MANSOOR    M    42    Independent    Comb
17    MOHAN PAUL    M    47    Independent    Camera
18    MOHAMMAD KURBAN    M    43    Independent    Letter Box
19    RATAN SAHNI    M    46    Independent    Coconut
20    RAM SAGAR MAHTO    M    45    Independent    Gas Cylinder
21    SANJAY KUMAR JHA    M    36    Independent    Harmonium
22    SUJIT KUMAR BHAGAT    M    29    Independent    Railway Engine
S04    23    23-Apr-09    BR    SAMASTIPUR    1    DR. ASHOK KUMAR    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    MAHESWER HAZARI    M    38    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
3    RAM CHANDRA PASWAN    M    47    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
4    BINDESHWAR PASWAN    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    UPENDRA PASWAN    M    42    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
6    JEEBACHH PASWAN    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    RANDHIR PASWAN    M    27    Independent    Spoon
8    RAJA RAM DAS    M    56    Independent    Cup & Saucer
9    REKHA KUMARI    F    29    Independent    Almirah
10    SHIVCHANDRA PASWAN    M    31    Independent    Slate
11    SATISH MAHTO    M    33    Independent    Table
S04    24    30-Apr-09    BR    BEGUSARAI    1    ANIL CHAUDHARY    M    54    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
2    AMITA BHUSHAN    F    38    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    CHANDRASHEKHAR MAHTO    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    DR. MONAZIR HASSAN    M    51    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
5    SHATRUGHAN PRASAD SINGH    M    68    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
6    KISHORI PRASHAD MAHTO    M    56    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
7    RAM SAH    M    61    Rashtriya Pragati Party    Stool
8    AMIYA KASHYAP ‘BIKKI’    M    29    Independent    Glass Tumbler
9    ARUN KUMAR    M    45    Independent    Sewing Machine
10    ASHOK SAH    M    36    Independent    Basket
11    DILIP KUMAR    M    35    Independent    Harmonium
12    NARENDRA KUMAR SINGH ALIAS BOGO SINGH    M    42    Independent    Cup & Saucer
13    NARAYAN PRASAD HISARIYA    M    57    Independent    Jug
14    RANJEET PASWAN    M    31    Independent    Gas Cylinder
15    RADHA RAMAN PASWAN    M    61    Independent    Battery Torch
16    RAM DAYAL BHARTI    M    36    Independent    Kite
17    RAM NARESH PRASAD SINGH    M    60    Independent    Almirah
18    RAMSHRAYA NISHAD    M    50    Independent    Ceiling Fan
19    SAJJAN CHAUDHARY    M    34    Independent    Television
S04    25    30-Apr-09    BR    KHAGARIA    1    ASARFI PRASAD MEHTA    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    CHOUDHARY MEHBOOB ALI KAISER    M    42    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    DINESH CHANDRA YADAV    M    50    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
4    RAVINDAR KR. RANA    M    62    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
5    PAWAN KUMAR “SUMAN”    M    33    Akhil Bharatiya Desh Bhakt Morcha    Diesel Pump
6    BABLOO PASWAN    M    35    Navbharat Nirman Party    Kite
7    BHARAT KUMAR YADAV    M    52    Kosi Vikas Party    Comb
8    LAL BAHADUR HIMALAYA    M    38    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
9    HARI NANDAN SINGH    M    61    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)    Battery Torch
10    GULAB RAJ    M    31    Independent    Bat
11    NAIMUDDIN    M    42    Independent    Sewing Machine
12    NEHA CHAUHAN    F    27    Independent    Lady Purse
13    PRADUMNA KUMAR    M    31    Independent    Almirah
14    MANJU KUMARI    F    31    Independent    Nagara
15    RAM NANDAN YADAV    M    45    Independent    Table
16    SANGRAM KUMAR    M    27    Independent    Glass Tumbler
17    SANJAY YADAV    M    41    Independent    Balloon
18    SURESH PODDAR    M    47    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S04    26    30-Apr-09    BR    BHAGALPUR    1    AJIT SHARMA    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    SHAKUNI CHOUDHARY    M    64    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    SADANAND SINGH    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SUBODH ROY    M    65    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    SYED SHAHNAWAZ HUSSAIN    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
6    DAYA RAM MANDAL    M    33    Bharatiya Jagaran Party    Camera
7    DEEPAK RAM    M    40    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)    Road Roller
8    NARESH MANDAL    M    48    Rashtriya Pragati Party    Ceiling Fan
9    MD. IZRAIL    M    49    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
10    RAMAN SAH    M    44    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal    Cup & Saucer
11    RAM VILASH PASWAN    M    45    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
12    SRINARAYAN GAUSWAMI    M    59    Indian Justice Party    Almirah
13    AMIT KUMAR JHA    M    50    Independent    Basket
14    ANAND KUMAR JAIN    M    47    Independent    Kite
15    INDRADEO KUMAR SINGH    M    30    Independent    Balloon
16    DINESH YADAV    M    30    Independent    Batsman
17    DR. N. K. YADAV    M    44    Independent    Scissors
18    RATAN KUMAR MANDAL    M    25    Independent    Bat
19    RAVI SHANKAR SINGH    M    25    Independent    Coconut
20    LADDU    M    27    Independent    Banana
21    SIKANDAR TANTI    M    34    Independent    Television
S04    27    30-Apr-09    BR    BANKA    1    GRIDHARI YADAV    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    JAI PRAKESH NARAIN YADAV    M    55    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    DAMODAR RAWAT    M    47    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
4    MUKESH KUMAR SINGH    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    SANJAY KUMAR    M    45    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
6    ANIL KUMAR ALIAS ANIL GUPTA    M    40    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
7    AMRESHWAR KUMAR    M    29    Jago Party    Lady Purse
8    ARVIND KUMAR SAH    M    42    Rashtriya Pragati Party    Almirah
9    KEDAR PRASAD SINGH    M    61    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)    Battery Torch
10    MAHBOOB ALAM ANSARI    M    50    Bharatiya Momin Front    Sewing Machine
11    RAJENDRA PANDIT NETAJEE    M    57    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
12    VIVEKA NAND JHA    M    44    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
13    C.P. SINHA    M    61    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Ceiling Fan
14    DIGVIJAY SINGH    M    54    Independent    Nagara
15    NARAYAN RAM    M    45    Independent    Basket
16    MOHD. HUMAYUN    M    33    Independent    Balloon
S04    28    30-Apr-09    BR    MUNGER    1    MANNU MAHTO    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    RAJIV RANJAN SINGH ALIAS LALAN SINGH    M    55    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
3    RAM BADAN ROY    M    54    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    RAM LAKHAN SINGH    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    KUNDAN KUMAR    M    33    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal    Ceiling Fan
6    PRAMOD KUMAR SINGH    M    40    Akhil Bharatiya Desh Bhakt Morcha    Camera
7    BIPIN KUMAR PASWAN    M    26    Navbharat Nirman Party    Railway Engine
8    RAMENDRA MOHAN RAJESH    M    37    Rashtra Sewa Dal    Nagara
9    LOKNATH KUSHWAHA    M    64    Bharatiya Momin Front    Balloon
10    UCHIT KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Road Roller
11    UMA SHANKAR BHAGAT ALIAS TUNTUN BHAIYA    M    46    Independent    Ring
12    NARESH MAHTO    M    36    Independent    Gas Cylinder
13    PRAMOD KUMAR    M    42    Independent    Maize
14    BRAHMANAND MANDAL    M    55    Independent    Almirah
15    RAJENDRA PRASAD SINGH    M    59    Independent    Coconut
16    RADHIKA RAMAN SINGH    M    58    Independent    Television
17    RAMDEO SINGH YADAV    M    59    Independent    Cup & Saucer
18    SHANKAR LAL CHOKHANI    M    51    Independent    Bat
19    SHAILENDRA KUMAR    M    40    Independent    Banana
20    SURYODAY PASWAN    M    35    Independent    Sewing Machine
S04    29    7-May-09    BR    NALANDA    1    KAUSHALENDRA KUMAR    M    44    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
2    DEV KISHORE RAI    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    RAMSWAROOP PRASAD    M    70    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SATISH KUMAR    M    51    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
5    ANIL SINGH    M    46    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Not Alloted
6    AMARKANT SAH    M    44    Rashtriya Pragati Party    Not Alloted
7    UJAWAL KANT HUNKAR    M    44    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Not Alloted
8    DEVENDRA PRATAP    M    37    Eklavya Samaj Party    Not Alloted
9    PRIYRANJAN KUMAR    M    27    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal    Not Alloted
10    RANJEET KUMAR    M    32    Bharat Punarnirman Dal    Not Alloted
11    RAMESH CHAND    M    62    Proutist Sarva Samaj    Not Alloted
12    REKHA KUMARI    F    27    Apna Dal    Not Alloted
13    VIJAY KUMAR    M    28    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Not Alloted
14    VIJAY KUMAR PATEL    M    27    Lal Morcha    Not Alloted
15    SASHI YADAV    M    35    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Not Alloted
16    SAUDAGAR RAM    M    64    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party    Not Alloted
17    HARICHARAN PRASAD    M    39    Bharatiya Momin Front    Not Alloted
18    ARUN KUMAR    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
19    KAPILDEO SINGH    M    58    Independent    Not Alloted
20    KUMAR RAJESH    M    25    Independent    Not Alloted
21    KAUSHALE KUMAR @ KAUSHALENDRA SINGH    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
22    CHANDERMANI KUMAR MANI    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
23    JITENDRA KUMAR    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
24    NARESH PASWAN    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
25    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
26    SARYUG PRASAD SAHASTH    M    59    Independent    Not Alloted
S04    32    16-Apr-09    BR    ARRAH    1    MEENA SINGH    F    44    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
2    RAMA KISHORE SINGH    M    46    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
3    REETA SINGH    F    40    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    HARIDWAR PRASAD SINGH    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AJIT PRASAD MEHTA    M    43    Jawan Kisan Morcha    Cup & Saucer
6    ARUN SINGH    M    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    BHARAT BHUSAN PANDEY    M    35    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh    Candles
8    RAMADHAR SINGH    M    48    Shivsena    Almirah
9    SAMBHU PRASAD SHARMA    M    57    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
10    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
11    SATYA NARAYAN YADAV    M    67    Rashtra Sewa Dal    Nagara
12    SAIYAD GANIUDDIN HAIDER    M    42    Ambedkar National Congress    Balloon
13    ASHOK KUMAR SINGH    M    38    Independent    Banana
14    BHARAT SINGH SAHYOGI    M    45    Independent    Basket
15    MAHESH RAM    M    45    Independent    Kite
16    SOBH NATH SINGH    M    39    Independent    Bat
S04    33    16-Apr-09    BR    BUXAR    1    KAMLA KANT TIWARY    M    67    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    JAGADA NAND SINGH    M    65    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    LAL MUNI CHOUBEY    M    71    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SHYAM LAL SINGH KUSHWAHA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    MOKARRAM HUSSAIN    M    57    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
6    MOHAN SAH    M    33    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal    Cup & Saucer
7    RAJENDRA SINGH MAURYA    M    32    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
8    DR. VIJENDRA NATH UPADHYAY    M    37    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
9    SHYAM BIHARI BIND    M    46    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
10    SATYENDRA OJHA    M    27    Apna Dal    Black Board
11    SUDAMA PRASAD    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
12    SURESH WADEKAR    M    38    Republican Party of India    Scissors
13    KAMLESH CHOUDHARY    M    35    Independent    Coconut
14    JAI SINGH YADAV    M    34    Independent    Sewing Machine
15    DADAN SINGH    M    45    Independent    Ceiling Fan
16    PRATIBHA DEVI    F    40    Independent    Stool
17    PHULAN PANDIT    M    44    Independent    Bread
18    RAJENDRA PASWAN    M    33    Independent    Candles
19    LALLAN RUPNARAIN PATHAK    M    65    Independent    Kite
20    SHIV CHARAN YADAV    M    55    Independent    Almirah
21    SUNIL KUMAR DUBEY    M    32    Independent    Batsman
22    SURENDRA KUMAR BHARTI    M    38    Independent    Slate
S04    34    16-Apr-09    BR    SASARAM    1    GANDHI AZAD    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    MEIRA KUMAR    F    63    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    MUNI LAL    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    LALAN PASWAN    M    45    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
5    DUKHI RAM    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    BABBAN CHAUDHARY    M    39    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Ceiling Fan
7    BALIRAM RAM    M    43    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party    Bat
8    BHOLA PRASAD    M    38    Indian Justice Party    Balloon
9    RADHA DEBI    F    28    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
10    RAM NAGINA RAM    M    41    Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party    Railway Engine
11    RAM YADI RAM    M    72    Republican Party of India    Road Roller
12    PRAMOD KUMAR    M    26    Independent    Almirah
13    BHARAT RAM    M    33    Independent    Candles
14    MUNIYA DEBI    F    41    Independent    Gas Cylinder
15    RAM PRAVESH RAM    M    47    Independent    Table
16    SURENDRA RAM    M    39    Independent    Walking Stick
S04    35    16-Apr-09    BR    KARAKAT    1    AWADHESH KUMAR SINGH    M    53    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    UPENDRA KUMAR SHARMA    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    KANTI SINGH    F    54    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    MAHABALI SINGH    M    54    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
5    AJAY KUMAR    M    32    Republican Party of India (A)    Kite
6    JYOTI RASHMI    F    30    Rashtra Sewa Dal    Nagara
7    MUDREEKA YADAV    M    59    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
8    RAJ KISHOR MISRA    M    30    Alpjan Samaj Party    Walking Stick
9    RAJA RAM SINGH    M    53    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
10    MD.SHAMIULLAH MANSOORI    M    62    Shoshit Samaj Dal    Saw
11    ER.ABDUL SATAR    M    62    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    AMAVAS RAM    M    50    Independent    Diesel Pump
13    PRO. KAMTA PRASAD YADAV    M    46    Independent    Television
14    GIRISH NARAYAN SINGH    M    48    Independent    Railway Engine
15    SATISH PANDEY    M    27    Independent    Black Board
16    HARI PRASAD SINGH    M    63    Independent    Sewing Machine
S04    36    16-Apr-09    BR    JAHANABAD    1    DR. ARUN KUMAR    M    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    JAGDISH SHARMA    M    58    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
3    RAMADHAR SHARMA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SURENDRA PRASAD YADAV    M    51    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
5    AYASHA KHATUN    F    28    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
6    PROF. JAI RAM PRASAD SINGH    M    70    Shoshit Samaj Dal    Saw
7    TARA GUPTA    F    62    Rashtriya Pragati Party    Almirah
8    MAHANAND PRASAD    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
9    RAMASRAY PRASAD SINGH    M    83    Rashtriya Lok Dal    Balloon
10    MD. SAHABUDDIN JAHAN    M    36    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party    Scissors
11    SHRAVAN KUMAR    M    32    Lal Morcha    Table Lamp
12    SADHU SINHA    M    68    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
13    SYED AKBAR IMAM    M    49    Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena    Glass Tumbler
14    AJAY KUMAR VERMA    M    41    Independent    Banana
15    ABHAY KUMAR ANIL    M    41    Independent    Basket
16    DR. ARBIND KUMAR    M    52    Independent    Battery Torch
17    ARVIND PRASAD SINGH    M    43    Independent    Gas Cylinder
18    UPENDRA PRASAD    M    31    Independent    Black Board
19    JAGDISH YADAV    M    40    Independent    Bat
20    PRIKSHIT SINGH    M    36    Independent    Bread
21    PRABHAT KUMAR RANJAN    M    32    Independent    Batsman
22    RANJIT SHARMA    M    28    Independent    Brief Case
23    RAKESHWAR KISHOR    M    35    Independent    Brush
24    SIYA RAM PRASAD    M    40    Independent    Cake
25    SUMIRAK SINGH    M    50    Independent    Camera
S04    37    16-Apr-09    BR    AURANGABAD    1    ARCHANA CHANDRA    F    32    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    NIKHIL KUMAR    M    67    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN    M    61    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH    M    43    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
5    ANIL KUMAR SINGH    M    36    Rashtra Sewa Dal    Nagara
6    AMERIKA MAHTO    M    48    Shoshit Samaj Dal    Saw
7    RAM KUMAR MEHTA    M    37    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
8    VIJAY PASWAN    M    48    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party    Scissors
9    ASLAM ANSARI    M    38    Independent    Almirah
10    INDRA DEO RAM    M    58    Independent    Balloon
11    UDAY PASWAN    M    41    Independent    Batsman
12    PUNA DAS    M    34    Independent    Kite
13    RANJEET KUMAR    M    48    Independent    Banana
14    RAJENDRA YADAV    M    42    Independent    Cup & Saucer
15    RAMSWARUP PRASAD YADAV    M    72    Independent    Bat
16    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    40    Independent    Diesel Pump
S04    38    16-Apr-09    BR    GAYA    1    KALAWATI DEVI    F    27    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    RAMJI MANJHI    M    49    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    SANJIV PRASAD TONI    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    HARI MANJHI    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    DILIP PASWAN    M    41    Navbharat Nirman Party    Railway Engine
6    NIRANJAN KUMAR    M    35    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    RAJESH KUMAR    M    27    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Ceiling Fan
8    RAMDEV ARYA PAAN    M    67    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh    Candles
9    AMAR NATH PRASAD    M    35    Independent    Nagara
10    KRISHNA CHOUDHARY    M    26    Independent    Letter Box
11    KAIL DAS    M    66    Independent    Dolli
12    DIPAK PASWAN    M    27    Independent    Cot
13    RAM KISHORE PASWAN    M    36    Independent    Cup & Saucer
14    RAMU PASWAN    M    29    Independent    Basket
15    SHIV SHANKAR KUMAR    M    33    Independent    Kite
16    SHYAM LAL MANJHI    M    50    Independent    Comb
S04    39    16-Apr-09    BR    NAWADA    1    GANESH SHANKAR VIDYARTHI    M    85    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    BHOLA SINGH    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MASIH UDDIN    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    VEENA DEVI    F    36    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
5    SUNILA DEVI    F    38    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    UMAKANT RAHI    M    37    Shoshit Samaj Dal    Saw
7    KAILASH PAL    M    48    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party    Scissors
8    VIDHYAPATI SINGH    M    46    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
9    SURENDRA KUMAR CHAUDHARY    M    45    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
10    AKHILESH SINGH    M    38    Independent    Television
11    ANIL MEHTA    M    36    Independent    Kite
12    KAUSHAL YADAV    M    39    Independent    Cup & Saucer
13    CHANCHALA DEVI    F    33    Independent    Bread
14    DURGA PRASAD DHAR    M    29    Independent    Basket
15    NAVIN KUMAR VERMA    M    38    Independent    Black Board
16    RAJ KISHOR RAJ    M    43    Independent    Battery Torch
17    RAJ BALLABH PRASAD    M    46    Independent    Batsman
18    RAJENDRA VISHAL    M    44    Independent    Banana
19    RAJENDRA SINGH    M    60    Independent    Gas Cylinder
20    SHAMBHU PRASAD    M    41    Independent    Balloon
21    SUNIL KUMAR    M    28    Independent    Almirah
S04    40    16-Apr-09    BR    JAMUI    1    ASHOK CHOUDHARY    M    42    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    GAJADHAR RAJAK    M    63    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    BHAGWAN DAS    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    BHUDEO CHOUDHARY    M    46    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
5    SHYAM RAJAK    M    56    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
6    ARJUN MANJHI    M    45    Jago Party    Ceiling Fan
7    UPENDRA RAVIDAS    M    30    Samata Party    Almirah
8    OM PRAKASH PASWAN    M    62    Loktantrik Samata Dal    Railway Engine
9    GULAB CHANDRA PASWAN    M    58    Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party    Maize
10    NUNDEO MANJHI    M    54    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Basket
11    PRASADI PASWAN    M    37    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
12    SUBHASH PASWAN    M    36    Samajtantric Party of India    Coconut
13    KAPILDEO DAS    M    55    Independent    Battery Torch
14    JAY SEKHAR MANJHI    M    48    Independent    Frock
15    PAPPU RAJAK    M    40    Independent    Cup & Saucer
16    YOGENDRA PASWAN    M    37    Independent    Diesel Pump
17    VIJAY PASWAN    M    29    Independent    Black Board
18    BILAKSHAN RAVIDAS    M    51    Independent    Camera
19    SARYUG PASWAN    M    65    Independent    Kite
S05    1    23-Apr-09    GA    NORTH GOA    1    CHRISTOPHER FONSECA    M    55    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    JITENDRA RAGHURAJ DESHPRABHU    M    53    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    RAUT PANDURANG DATTARAM    M    62    Maharashtrawadi Gomantak    Lion
4    SHRIPAD YESSO NAIK    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    UPENDRA CHANDRU GAONKAR    M    48    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
6    NARACINVA SURYA SALGAONKAR    M    51    Independent    Railway Engine
7    MARTHA D’ SOUZA    F    55    Independent    Coconut
S05    2    23-Apr-09    GA    SOUTH GOA    1    COSME FRANCISCO CAITANO SARDINHA    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    ADV. NARENDRA KESHAV SAWAIKAR    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    ADV. RAJU MANGESHKAR ALIAS RAJENDRA NAIK    M    52    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
4    ROHIDAS HARICHANDRA BORKAR    M    63    Save Goa Front    Aeroplane
5    MATANHY SALDANHA    M    60    United Goans Democratic Party    Scissors
6    DIAS JAWAHAR    M    53    Independent    Candles
7    DERICK DIAS    M    41    Independent    Bread
8    FRANCISCO ANTONIO JOAO DE PHILOMENO FERNANDES    M    66    Independent    Batsman
9    MULLA SALIM    M    25    Independent    Almirah
10    SALUNKE SMITA PRAVEEN    F    38    Independent    Coconut
11    HAMZA KHAN    M    57    Independent    Table Lamp
S06    1    30-Apr-09    GJ    KACHCHH    1    JAT POONAMBEN VELJIBHAI    F    37    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    DANICHA VALJIBHAI PUNAMCHANDRA    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    NAMORI MOHANBHAI LADHABHAI    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    CHAUHAN MOTILAL DEVJIBHA    M    54    Lokpriya Samaj Party    Railway Engine
5    DR. TINA MAGANBHAI PARMAR    F    26    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal    Kite
6    DUNGARIYA BHARMALBHAI NARANBHAI    M    51    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
7    PARMAR MUKESHBHAI MANDANBHAI    M    27    Indian Justice Party    Road Roller
8    BADIYA RAMESH GANGJI    M    26    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Ring
9    KANJI ABHABHAI MAHESHWARI    M    59    Independent    Television
10    GARVA ASMAL THAKARSHI    M    57    Independent    Table
11    GOVIND JIVABHAI DAFADA    M    27    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    MAHESHWARI GANGJI DAYABHAI    M    29    Independent    Coconut
13    MAHESHWARI DHANJIBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    38    Independent    Frock
14    MANGALIYA LILBAI JIVANBHAI    F    28    Independent    Sewing Machine
15    MUNSHI BHURALAL KHIMJIBHAI    M    46    Independent    Camera
16    VANZARA HIRABEN DALPATBHAI    F    38    Independent    Cup & Saucer
17    SARESA NANJI BHANJIBHAI    M    55    Independent    Nagara
S06    2    30-Apr-09    GJ    BANASKANTHA    1    GADHVI MUKESHKUMAR BHAIRAVDANJI    M    47    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    CHETANBHAI KALABHAI SOLANKI    M    28    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    CHAUDHARI HARIBHAI PARATHIBHAI    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    AMRUTBHAI LAKHUBHAI PATEL(FOSI)    M    49    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
5    KATARIYA HASMUKHBHAI RAVJIBHAI    M    34    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party    Candles
6    LODHA ISHVARBHAI MAHADEVBHAI    M    57    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh    Kite
7    KARNAVAT YOGESHKUMAR BHIKHABHAI    M    31    Independent    Batsman
8    PARSANI MAHMAD SIKANDAR JALALBHAI    M    30    Independent    Cot
9    PUROHIT ASHOKBHAI CHHAGANBHAI    M    32    Independent    Scissors
10    MAJIRANA BHOPAJI AASHAJI    M    68    Independent    Railway Engine
11    ROOTHAR LEBUJI PARBATJI    M    32    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    SHARDABEN BHIKHABHAI PARMAR    F    45    Independent    Coconut
13    SAVJIBHAI PATHUBHAI RAJGOR    M    34    Independent    Bat
14    SIPAI AAIYUBBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI    M    35    Independent    Battery Torch
15    SHRIMALI ASHOKBHAI BALCHANDBHAI    M    40    Independent    Ring
S06    3    30-Apr-09    GJ    PATAN    1    KHOKHAR MAHEBOOBKHAN RAHEMATKHAN    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    JAGDISH THAKOR    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    BAROT SANJAYBHAI MAGANBHAI    M    50    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    RATHOD BHAVSINHBHAI DAHYABHAI    M    68    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    PATAVAT MAHAMMADBHAI SHARIFBHAI    M    50    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    PATEL NARANBHAI PRAGDASBHAI    M    55    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
7    RAVAL BHURABHAI MOTIBHAI    M    45    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal    Bat
8    KANUBHAI BHURABHAI MAHESHVARI (MANDOVARA)    M    60    Independent    Ice Cream
9    CHAUDHARY KIRTIKUMAR JESANGBHAI    M    30    Independent    Maize
10    CHAUDHARY MANSINHBHAI MANABHAI    M    32    Independent    Railway Engine
11    JUDAL GANESHBHAI MEGHRAJBHAI    M    35    Independent    Kite
12    PATEL DILIPKUMAR LILACHAND    M    31    Independent    Kettle
13    PATEL MANORBHAI VIRAMDAS    M    68    Independent    Battery Torch
14    PATEL RAMESHBHAI GOVINDBHAI    M    45    Independent    Cup & Saucer
15    BRAHMAKSHATRIY NIRUPABEN NATVARLAL    F    35    Independent    Pressure Cooker
16    RAJPUT JAGATSINH SAMANTSING    M    29    Independent    Road Roller
S06    4    30-Apr-09    GJ    MAHESANA    1    ZALA RUDRADATTSINH VANRAJSINH    M    27    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PATEL JAYSHREEBEN KANUBHAI    F    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    PATEL JIVABHAI AMBALAL    M    70    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    THAKOR AMARSINH RAMSINH (BABUJI)    M    40    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
5    DR. P. C. PATEL M.B.B.S., M.D.    M    50    Bharatiya Rashtravadi Paksha    Kite
6    BABUBHAI ISHWARBHAI PRAJAPATI    M    52    Vishva Hindustani Sangathan    Batsman
7    CHAVDA SHANKARJI BADARJI    M    55    Independent    Railway Engine
8    THAKOR RAMANJI SHIVAJI    M    56    Independent    Almirah
9    NAYEE KOKILABEN MANUBHAI ALIAS MAHENDRABHAI    F    39    Independent    Iron
10    PATEL JIVRAMBHAI HIRDAS    M    67    Independent    Shuttle
11    PATEL MANOJKUMAR BAHECHARDAS    M    58    Independent    Scissors
12    PATEL LALJIBHAI KESHAVLAL    M    48    Independent    Cot
S06    5    30-Apr-09    GJ    SABARKANTHA    1    CHAUHAN MAHENDRASINH    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    MISTRY MADHUSUDAN    M    63    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    RAMLAVAT VIKRAMSINH LAXMANSINH    M    31    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    KADARI MOLANA RIYAZ    M    46    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    PARMAR MINABA DIPSINH    F    30    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
6    SINHALI DASHRATH CHANDULAL    M    55    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    CHAUHAN MAHENDRASINH PADAMSINH    M    36    Independent    Nagara
8    TRIVEDI BALKRUSHN PRANLAL    M    71    Independent    Battery Torch
9    PATEL KANTIBHAI KHUSHALBHAI    M    73    Independent    Jug
10    PATEL DANABHAI BECHARBHAI    M    65    Independent    Almirah
11    RATHOD SABIRMIYA AMIRMIYA    M    51    Independent    Candles
12    SOLANKI CHHAGANBHAI KEVALABHAI    M    63    Independent    Maize
S06    6    30-Apr-09    GJ    GANDHINAGAR    1    L.K.ADVANI    M    81    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    PATEL SURESHKUMAR CHATURDAS (SURESH PATEL)    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    RAKESH PANDEY    M    31    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ASHOKKUMAR ISHVARBHAI PATEL    M    33    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal    Kite
5    KHALIFA SAMSUDDIN NASIRUDDIN (JUGNU)    M    46    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party    Candles
6    TRIVEDI SUNILBHAI MANUBHAI    M    47    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
7    FIROZ DEHLVI    M    41    All India Minorities Front    Camera
8    MEMON FATAMABEN FARUKBHAI    F    42    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
9    KALPESHKUMAR RAJANIKANT MODI    M    42    Independent    Table Lamp
10    THAKUR RAKESHBHAI RAJDEVSINGH    M    36    Independent    Almirah
11    PATEL SIDDHESH DINESHBHAI    M    28    Independent    Ice Cream
12    PARIKH HETA KUMARPAL    F    45    Independent    Walking Stick
13    BRAHMBHATT SANJAYBHAI AMARKUMAR    M    39    Independent    Road Roller
14    MAKWANA ANILKUMAR SOMABHAI    M    44    Independent    Balloon
15    DR.MALLIKA SARABHAI    F    55    Independent    Harmonium
16    MAHANTSHRI DHARAMDASBAPU    M    45    Independent    Banana
17    RAHUL CHIMANBHAI MEHTA    M    40    Independent    Battery Torch
18    VAGHELA SUKHDEVSINH PARBATSINH    M    51    Independent    Coconut
19    SHAH MUKESH    M    32    Independent    Gas Stove
S06    7    30-Apr-09    GJ    AHMEDABAD EAST    1    PATEL BHOLABHAI VALJIBHAI (KAKDIYA)    M    62    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    BABARIYA DIPAKBHAI RATILAL    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    VIRUBHAI N. VANZARA    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    HARIN PATHAK    M    62    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    PATEL PRAVIN RAMBHAI    M    45    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
6    PREMHARI RAMESHCHANDRA SHARMA    M    36    National Lokhind Party    Scissors
7    BHATT SANJIV INDRAVADAN    M    38    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal    Kite
8    RAJPUT RANJEETSINGH RAMSHANKARSINH    M    37    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
9    RAJPUT SANJITKUMAR RADHAKRISHNASINH    M    29    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
10    DR. N. T. SENGAL    M    57    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party    Candles
11    HASRATH JAYRAM PAGARE    M    61    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
12    KHODABHAI LALJIBHAI DESAI    M    42    Independent    Whistle
13    THAKKAR PARESHBHAI RASIKLAL    M    29    Independent    Ceiling Fan
14    PATEL BHAVINBHAI AMRUTBHAI    M    38    Independent    Television
15    BUDHDHPRIYA JASVANT SOMABHAI    M    64    Independent    Bat
16    MAURYA RAJESH HARIRAM    M    33    Independent    Camera
17    SHARMA ANILKUMAR BRIJENDRABHAI    M    51    Independent    Batsman
18    SHARMA BRIJESHKUMAR UJAGARLAL    M    28    Independent    Glass Tumbler
S06    8    30-Apr-09    GJ    AHMEDABAD WEST    1    PARMAR SHAILESH MANHARLAL    M    39    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    DR. PRAVIN S. SOLANKI    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DR. SOLANKI KIRITBHAI PREMJIBHAI    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    PARMAR MOHANBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    53    Lokpriya Samaj Party    Nagara
5    MAKWANA ISHWARBHAI DHANABHAI    M    58    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
6    VIJAYKUMAR MANJIBHAI VADHER    M    37    All India Minorities Front    Camera
7    SAVLE BHIKA FULA    M    31    Republican Party of India (A)    Kite
8    SHIRSATH VEDUBHAI KAUTIKBHAI    M    36    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
9    SANKHALIYA NARENDRASINH MANSINH    M    47    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party    Candles
10    CHAUHAN PRAHLADBHAI NATTHUBHAI    M    55    Independent    Sewing Machine
11    VANZARA DALPATBHAI KHIMABHAI    M    42    Independent    Cup & Saucer
12    VORA RATNABEN DAHYABHAI    F    42    Independent    Slate
13    SHAH ISHWARBHAI KHANDAS    M    74    Independent    Ceiling Fan
14    SOLANKI KANTIBHAI HEMABHAI    M    47    Independent    Whistle
15    SOLANKI RAMESHBHAI DANABHAI    M    48    Independent    Coconut
16    SOLANKI VITTHALBHAI MAGANBHAI    M    49    Independent    Ice Cream
S06    9    30-Apr-09    GJ    SURENDRANAGAR    1    KOLI PATEL SOMABHAI    M    68    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PATEL MOHANBHAI DAHYABHAI    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    MER LALJIBHAI CHATURBHAI    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    JAGRUTIBEN BABULAL GADA (SHAH)    F    39    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Candles
5    DHAVANIYA BACHUBHAI CHHAGANBHAI    M    58    Lokpriya Samaj Party    Kite
6    PATADIYA KHIMJIBHAI HARAJIVANBHAI    M    52    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
7    VAGHELA SATUBHA KANUBHA    M    75    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh    Nagara
8    KORDIA ALTAFBHAI VALIBHAI    M    25    Independent    Cup & Saucer
9    JADAV BHAGWANBHAI MATHURBHAI    M    56    Independent    Dolli
10    DABHI MOHANBHAI TULSHIBHAI    M    63    Independent    Railway Engine
11    DERVALIA MEDHABHAI KALABHAI    M    51    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    NAYAKPRA HITESH BHAGVANGIBHAI    M    40    Independent    Batsman
13    PATEL ASHOKKUMAR CHIMANLAL    M    54    Independent    Ring
14    BHARATBHAI RAMNIKLAL MAKWANA    M    43    Independent    Gas Cylinder
15    BHATIYA NARANBHAI KEHARBHAI    M    45    Independent    Diesel Pump
16    UKABHAI AMARABHAI MAKWANA    M    40    Independent    Jug
17    MER MAVJIBHAI KUKABHAI    M    63    Independent    Road Roller
18    RABA HARSURBHAI RAMBHAI    M    63    Independent    Television
19    SAVUKIYA LALJIBHAI MOHANLAL    M    50    Independent    Coconut
20    SOLANKI KARSHANBHAI JIVABHAI    M    38    Independent    Bat
S06    10    30-Apr-09    GJ    RAJKOT    1    KIRANKUMAR VALJIBHAI BHALODIA (PATEL)    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    KUVARJIBHAI MOHANBHAI BAVALIA    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    DHEDHI DALEECHANDBHAI LIRABHAI (PATEL)    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SUDHIR JOSHI    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    KUBAVAT BABUDAS CHHAGANDAS    M    63    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh    Nagara
6    GOKALBHAI KHODABHAI PARMAR    M    53    Lokpriya Samaj Party    Road Roller
7    JASVANTBHAI RANCHHODBHAI SABHAYA    M    38    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
8    JADEJA SATUBHA AMARSANG    M    41    National Secular Party    Hat
9    NARENDRASINH TAPUBHA JADEJA    M    35    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Almirah
10    BABULAL DEVJIBHAI GHAVA    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
11    VEKARIA ALPESHBHAI KESHUBHAI    M    32    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Candles
12    AJITSINH HARISINH JADEJA    M    55    Independent    Table
13    ARVINDBHAI JADAVJIBHAI RATHOD    M    42    Independent    Gas Cylinder
14    KESHUBHAI DHANJIBHAI VEKARIYA    M    30    Independent    Bat
15    CHAVDA LAKHMANBHAI DEVJIBHAI    M    49    Independent    Kite
16    DR. ZAKIRHUSEN MATHAKIYA    M    38    Independent    Battery Torch
17    DUDHATRA MUKUNDBHAI GOVINDBHAI    M    41    Independent    Batsman
18    NAYANBHAI HASHMUKHBHAI UPADHYAY    M    42    Independent    Camera
19    PRAVINBHAI MEGHJIBHAI DENGADA    M    46    Independent    Railway Engine
20    BHIKHABHAI KURJIBHAI SADADIYA    M    57    Independent    Television
21    MULTANI SUBHANBHAI POPATBHAI    M    52    Independent    Scissors
22    RABARI MOMAIYABHAI ALABHAI    M    60    Independent    Walking Stick
23    DR.RAJESHKUMAR SHANTIBHAI MAKADIA (PATEL)    M    35    Independent    Bread
24    VEKARIYA PRAGJIBHAI NATHUBHAI    M    60    Independent    Coconut
25    SAROLA GEETABEN MANJIBHAI    F    32    Independent    Cot
26    HARSODA MAHESH HIRABHAI    M    25    Independent    Diesel Pump
27    HIRABHAI GORDHANBHAI CHANGELA    M    58    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S06    11    30-Apr-09    GJ    PORBANDAR    1    KHACHARIYA MANSUKHBHAI SHAMJIBHAI    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    CHANDRAVADIYA MEHULKUMAR KARSANBHAI    M    25    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    RADADIYA VITTHALBHAI HANSRAJBHAI    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    JADEJA NATHABHAI JIVABHAI    M    33    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
5    PATOLIYA MANOJBHAI SAMJIBHAI    M    49    Independent    Comb
6    BHATT NITINBHAI VRUJLAL    M    44    Independent    Kite
7    RAJENDRA AMRUTLAL PARMAR    M    31    Independent    Coat
S06    12    30-Apr-09    GJ    JAMNAGAR    1    AHIR VIKRAMBHAI ARJANBHAI MADAM    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    CHAVDA JAYSUKHBHAI TRIKAMBHAI    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    MUNGRA RAMESHBHAI DEVRAJBHAI    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    CHAUHAN DINESHBHAI KALABHAI    M    63    Republican Party of India (A)    Almirah
5    JADEJA HITENDRASINH JAYVANTSINH    M    32    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
6    MANHARBHAI KACHARABHAI RATHOD    M    31    Rastriya Samajwadi Party (Secular)    Gas Stove
7    DR. VASANTBHAI MANILAL SANGHAVI    M    74    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh    Nagara
8    VADHER CHANDUBHA MANUBHA    M    50    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Kite
9    GOJIYA VIRABHAI MALDEBHAI    M    40    Independent    Balloon
10    CHAVDA DEVAYATBHAI JIVABHAI    M    58    Independent    Bat
11    DOSANI IDRISBHAI ISMAILBHAI    M    29    Independent    Banana
12    DEVGANA GAURIBEN MOHANBHAI    F    36    Independent    Basket
13    DHARMENDRABHAI MAGANLAL PATEL    M    31    Independent    Batsman
14    NOYDA MAMAD NATHUBHAI    M    61    Independent    Black Board
15    PADHIYAR GOVINDBHAI LALJIBHAI    M    39    Independent    Bread
16    PARMAR BHURALAL MEGHJIBHAI    M    61    Independent    Harmonium
17    POPATPUTRA RAFIK ABUBAKAR    M    53    Independent    Coconut
18    BHAGAD SALIM OSMAN    M    30    Independent    Battery Torch
19    MAHESHBHAI PARSOTAMBHAI VADI    M    30    Independent    Brief Case
20    VYAS RAJESH SHIVSHANKAR    M    48    Independent    Saw
21    SACHADA HABIBBHAI ISHABHAI    M    50    Independent    Brush
22    SAGATHIYA VINODBHAI VIRJIBHAI    M    38    Independent    Jug
S06    13    30-Apr-09    GJ    JUNAGADH    1    BARAD JASHUBHAI DHANABHAI    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    SOLANKI DINUBHAI BOGHABHAI    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    KUNJADIYA VALLABHBHAI RAMBHAI    M    46    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal    Nagara
4    CHANDULAL BHANUBHAI DHADUK (CHANDRESHBHAI)    M    42    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Kite
5    DANGAR BRIJESH RAMBHAI    M    31    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
6    BHUT ASHOKBHAI BHIMJIBHAI    M    56    Rastriya Samajwadi Party (Secular)    Road Roller
7    MAHIDA CHANDRASINH HAMIRBHAI    M    50    Republican Party of India (A)    Jug
8    HUSENKHAN SARVARKHAN PATHAN    M    60    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
9    HETALKUMAR NAROTAMBHAI THUMBAR    M    30    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal    Coconut
10    KAMALIYA VASHRAMBHAI PUNJABHAI    M    56    Independent    Railway Engine
11    DR. KOYANI BHARATKUMAR KANJIBHAI    M    50    Independent    Television
12    CHAND MOHAMAD YUSUF UMARBHAI    M    38    Independent    Basket
13    PARMAR SAVJIBHAI BHIKHABHAI    M    39    Independent    Bat
14    VALA VIRAMBHAI NATHUBHAI    M    58    Independent    Almirah
15    SEVRA BACHUBHAI KALABHAI    M    62    Independent    Gas Cylinder
16    HARILAL RANCHHODBHAI CHAUHAN    M    63    Independent    Candles
S06    14    30-Apr-09    GJ    AMRELI    1    KACHHADIA NARANBHAI    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    NILABEN VIRJIBHAI THUMMAR    F    48    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    D.B.BHAROLA    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    MADHUBHAI BHUVA    M    61    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
5    KASVALA JAYSUKHABHAI LALJIBHAI    M    39    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party    Candles
6    BARAIYA CHANDRAKANT RAMJIBHAI (CHANDU PATEL)    M    41    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
7    MAKAVANA SAMATBHAI BHIKHABHAI    M    37    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
8    RAMESH GOHIL    M    46    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
9    ASLALIYA CHANDUBHAI RANABHAI    M    38    Independent    Battery Torch
10    KHOKHAR GULMAHMAD ISMILE    M    40    Independent    Gas Cylinder
11    GOHIL RAMBHAI JINABHAI    M    53    Independent    Kite
12    NILABEN THUMAR    F    42    Independent    Jug
13    RAMESHBHAI JASHABHAI PARMAR    M    32    Independent    Slate
14    VALJIBHAI LALLUBHAI SHIROYA    M    62    Independent    Coconut
15    SANGANI RAMESHBHAI KANUBHAI    M    27    Independent    Coat
16    SUKHADIA NATHALAL V.    M    34    Independent    Batsman
S06    15    30-Apr-09    GJ    BHAVNAGAR    1    GOHILMAHAVIRSINHBHAGIRATHSINH    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    RANA RAJENDRASINH GHANSHYAMSINH    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    BORICHA VALJIBHAI BAGHABHAI    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ATUL HARSHADRAI PANDYA    M    46    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal    Nagara
5    GOHIL NANAJIBHAI MADHABHAI    M    38    Republican Party of India (A)    Battery Torch
6    ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI    M    54    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Kite
7    DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI    M    29    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)    Diesel Pump
8    YADAV(KOLI) TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI    M    67    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
9    SAPARIA DINESH NANUBHAI    M    45    Lokpriya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
10    KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI    M    49    Independent    Coconut
11    CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI    M    42    Independent    Hat
12    CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    39    Independent    Railway Engine
13    NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI SONANI    M    36    Independent    Candles
14    PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI    M    43    Independent    Sewing Machine
15    M.I.SOLANKI    M    50    Independent    Road Roller
16    HARIN RAMNIKLAL MAKWANA    M    37    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S06    16    30-Apr-09    GJ    ANAND    1    PATEL DIPAKBHAI CHIMANBHAI    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    PARMAR BABUBHAI BECHARBHAI    M    65    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    SOLANKI BHARATBHAI MADHAVSINH    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    PARMAR HITENDRASINH MOHANSINH    M    54    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    RATHOD HIMMATBHAI MOHANHAI    M    45    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
6    SAMIRBHAI GIRISHBHAI PATEL    M    32    Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party    Coconut
7    CHAVDA KAUSHIKKMAR RAJIVBHAI    M    35    Independent    Kite
8    DAVE AMRISHBHAI VADILAL    M    40    Independent    Ice Cream
9    PATEL JAYESHBHAI ARVINDBHAI    M    44    Independent    Table Lamp
10    BHARATBHAI VINUBHAI BHOI    M    33    Independent    Sewing Machine
11    MALEK GULAMMAHMMED ABDULKARIM    M    62    Independent    Walking Stick
12    LALJIBHAI GANESHJI PUROHIT    M    64    Independent    Jug
13    LEELABEN RAVJIBHAI PARMAR    F    48    Independent    Ceiling Fan
14    SAIYED MAHEBUBALI HUSAINMIYA    M    56    Independent    Bat
15    SOLANKI BHARAT BABUBHAI    M    25    Independent    Table
S06    17    30-Apr-09    GJ    KHEDA    1    CHAUHAN DEVUSINH JESINGBHAI    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    CHAUHAN RATANSINH UDESINH    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DINSHA PATEL    M    71    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    DODIYA HEMALSINH DAJIBHAI ALIAS DODIYA BATUKSINH    M    40    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
5    ALPESHSINH SURUBHA VAGHELA    M    31    Independent    Kite
6    CHRISTI VASANTBHAI OTABHAI    M    38    Independent    Road Roller
7    KHALIFA ZAKIRHUSEN GULAMNABI    M    37    Independent    Bat
8    PATEL BHARATKUMAR VISHNUBHAI    M    33    Independent    Coconut
9    SHEKH TAUFIKHUSEN GULAMRASUL    M    36    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S06    18    30-Apr-09    GJ    PANCHMAHAL    1    CHAUHAN PRABHATSINH PRATAPSINH    M    67    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    BAROT PRAKASHKUMAR MANEKLAL    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    VAGHELA SHANKERSINH LAXMANSINH    M    68    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    MANSURI MUKHTYAR MOHAMAD    M    49    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal    Nagara
5    SHAIKH KALIM A.LATIF    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
S06    19    30-Apr-09    GJ    DAHOD    1    KATARA SINGJIBHAI JALJIBHAI    M    62    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    KALARA RAMSINGBHAI NANJIBHAI    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DAMOR SOMJIBHAI PUNJABHAI    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DR. PRABHA KISHOR TAVIAD    F    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    MEDA KALSINHBHAI TAJSINHBHAI    M    57    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
6    PARMAR DINESHBHAI NAGJIBHAI    M    28    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
7    K.C.MUNIA ADVOCATE    M    61    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
S06    20    30-Apr-09    GJ    VADODARA    1    GAEKWAD SATYAJITSINH DULIPSINH    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PUROHIT VINAYKUMAR RAMANBHAI    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    BALKRISHNA KHANDERAO SHUKLA (BALU SHUKLA)    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    GIRISHBHAI MADHAVLAL BHAVSAR    M    42    Independent    Kite
5    THAVARDAS AMULRAI CHOITHANI    M    63    Independent    Railway Engine
6    TAPAN DASGUPTA (TAPANBHAI)    M    45    Independent    Nagara
7    VASAVA HARILAL SHANABHAI    M    46    Independent    Walking Stick
S06    21    30-Apr-09    GJ    CHHOTA UDAIPUR    1    BHIL PRAKASHBHAI SOMABHAI    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    RATHWA NARANBHAI JEMLABHAI    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    RATHWA RAMSINGBHAI PATALBHAI    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    VASAVA(BHIL) VITTHALBHAI VENIBHAI    M    63    Independent    Coconut
S06    22    30-Apr-09    GJ    BHARUCH    1    UMERJI AHMED UGHARATDAR (AZIZ TANKARVI)    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PANDEY SANATKUMAR RAJARAM    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    BALVANTSINH VIJAYSINH PARMAR    M    53    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    KANAKSINH MANGROLA    M    58    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    NARENDRASINH RANDHIRSINH VASHI    M    37    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party    Candles
7    PATEL NARESHKUMAR BHAGVANBHAI (NARESH PATEL)    M    48    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
8    PATEL MEHRUNNISHA VALLI ADAM    F    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
9    VASAVA CHHOTUBHAI AMARSINHBHAI    M    62    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
10    SURESHBHAI GORDHANBHAI VASAVA    M    40    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh    Kite
11    GOHIL HEMANTKUMAR JERAMBHAI    M    31    Independent    Railway Engine
12    DILIPKUMAR GULSINGBHAI VASAVA    M    32    Independent    Cup & Saucer
13    PATEL THAKORBHAI CHANDULAL    M    58    Independent    Shuttle
14    LAKDAWALA SHAKIL AHEMAD    M    43    Independent    Bat
15    LAD MAHIPATBHAI MAGANBHAI    M    52    Independent    Television
S06    23    30-Apr-09    GJ    BARDOLI    1    GAMIT RANJANBEN CHIMANBHAI    F    38    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    CHAUDHARI TUSHARBHAI AMRASINHBHAI    M    43    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    PATEL SONABEN BHIKHUBHAI    F    73    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
4    VASAVA RITESHKUMAR AMARSINH    M    32    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    CHAUDHARI KAMLESHBHAI PRABHUBHAI    M    37    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
6    PATEL VIJAYKUMAR HARIBHAI    M    39    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
7    RATHOD PRAVINBHAI BHULABHAI    M    45    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
8    ARJUNBHAI BHALJIBHAI CHAUDHARI    M    52    Independent    Railway Engine
9    GAMIT THAKORBHAI MANEKJIBHAI    M    58    Independent    Kite
10    GAMIT SUMANBHAI NARSINHBHAI    M    48    Independent    Road Roller
11    RATHOD SUKABHAI MANGABHAI    M    52    Independent    Coconut
12    VASAVA PRAVINSINH JAGATSINH    M    29    Independent    Scissors
S06    24    30-Apr-09    GJ    SURAT    1    AJAYKUMAR DINESHBHAI PATEL    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    GAJERA DHIRUBHAI HARIBHAI    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SHRIMATI DARSHANA VIKRAM JARDOSH    F    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    PATEL KANUBHAI HARIBHAI    M    48    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party    Candles
5    PRAJAPATI MUKESHBHAI AMBALIYA    M    32    Lokpriya Samaj Party    Television
6    FAKIRBHAI CHAUHAN    M    70    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
7    BATHVAR NARESHBHAI NANJIBHAI    M    52    Republican Party of India (A)    Cup & Saucer
8    SHASHIKANT KAPURE    M    32    Republician Party of India Ektawadi    Pressure Cooker
9    SURESHBHAI CHHAGANBHAI CHOTALIYA    M    37    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
10    NAGMAL PRABHAKARBHAI SOMABHAI    M    50    Independent    Diesel Pump
11    PATEL SAVITABEN CHHAGANBHAI    F    51    Independent    Coconut
12    PYARELAL BHARTI    M    42    Independent    Ceiling Fan
13    PROF. BAJPAI RAKESH R.    M    37    Independent    Almirah
14    MAKVANA ANANDBHAI KESHAVBHAI (KOLI)    M    31    Independent    Hat
15    MOHAMMAD AIYUB ABDUL RAHEMAN SHAIKH    M    40    Independent    Kite
S06    25    30-Apr-09    GJ    NAVSARI    1    DHANSUKHA RAJPUT    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    NAIK YOGESHKUMAR THAKORBHAI    M    54    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    C. R. PATIL    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SHAILESHBHAI BISHESWAR SHRIVASTAV    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    AAZADKUMAR CHATURBHAI PATEL    M    33    Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party    Coconut
6    YADAV GANGAPRASAD LALANBHAI    M    55    Mahagujarat Janta Party    Nagara
7    KANUBHAI DEVJIBHAI SUKHADIA    M    47    Independent    Railway Engine
8    JASHAVANTBHAI DALPATBHAI PANCHAL (ADVOCATE)    M    48    Independent    Candles
9    TARUNBHAI CHAMPAKBHAI PATEL    M    39    Independent    Kite
10    PATEL PRAVINCHANDRA MANILAL    M    52    Independent    Television
11    RATHOD GOVINDBHAI LAXMANBHAI (RIKSHAWALA)    M    52    Independent    Gas Cylinder
12    VARANKAR KAMALBEN KASHIRAM    F    50    Independent    Jug
13    SHATRUDHANDAS OMKARDAS SUGAT (BAIRAGI)    M    78    Independent    Tent
14    SATYAJIT JAYANTILAL SHETH    M    41    Independent    Batsman
S06    26    30-Apr-09    GJ    VALSAD    1    KISHANBHAI VESTABHAI PATEL    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    GAVLI CHHAGANBHAI PILUBHAI    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    PATEL DHIRUBHAI CHHAGANBHAI (DR. D.C.PATEL)    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    PANKAJKUMAR PARABHUBHAI PATEL    M    40    Aadivasi Sena Party    Nagara
5    BHOYE NAYNESHBHAI MADHUBHAI    M    31    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    VARALI LAXMANBHAI CHHAGANBHAI    M    51    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    PATEL RAMBHAI KOYABHAI    M    59    Independent    Kite
S07    1    7-May-09    HR    AMBALA    1    CHANDER PAL    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    RATTAN LAL    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SELJA    F    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    DALVIR SINGH    M    42    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Not Alloted
5    HEM RAJ    M    46    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
6    AMAR SINGH    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
7    NARENDER KUMAR    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
8    MANGAT RAM    M    60    Independent    Not Alloted
S07    2    7-May-09    HR    KURUKSHETRA    1    ASHOK KUMAR ARORA    M    49    Indian National Lok Dal    Spectacles
2    GURDAYAL SINGH    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    NAVEEN JINDAL    M    39    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    JASWANT SINGH    M    61    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Electric Pole
5    PARDHAN    M    47    Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
6    GIAN SINGH GILL    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
7    ASHWANI    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
8    ATAM PARKASH    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
9    JASWINDER SINGH    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
10    TARSEM LAL    M    47    Independent    Not Alloted
11    DHARAM PAL    M    65    Independent    Not Alloted
12    NAYAB SINGH    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
13    YASHPAL    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
14    RAN SINGH    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
15    VIJAY AGARWAL    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
16    VIRENDER SINGH    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
17    VIVEK    M    30    Independent    Candles
18    VISHNU BHAGWAN    M    61    Independent    Candles
19    SUNEETA DHARIWAL    F    40    Independent    Cup & Saucer
20    SUBHASH    M    44    Independent    Book
21    SUBHASH MAHENDRA    M    47    Independent    Not Alloted
S07    3    7-May-09    HR    SIRSA    1    JAIBIR SINGH    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
2    RAJESH KUMAR    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SWARN SINGH    M    37    Rashtriya Janhit Party    Not Alloted
4    RAM KUMAR    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
6    ASHOK TANWAR    M    33    Indian National Congress    Hand
8    VAZIR SINGH    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
10    SITA RAM    M    41    Indian National Lok Dal    Spectacles
14    RAJENDRA PRASAD    M    43    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Not Alloted
16    SHANKAR LAL    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
18    SATBIR SINGH    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
19    HANS RAJ    M    37    Republican Party of India    Not Alloted
21    PUSHPA RANI    F    39    Independent    Not Alloted
22    NARENDER PAL    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
23    ANITA    F    40    Independent    Not Alloted
25    DESRAJ    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
26    RAJKUMAR    M    38    Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party    Not Alloted
28    PAWAN KUMAR    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
29    RAJENDER KUMAR    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
S07    4    7-May-09    HR    HISAR    1    MANU DIGVIJAY SINGH    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
2    MEHTA ANOOP KUMAR    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
3    BHAJAN LAL    M    77    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Not Alloted
4    KULDEEP BISHNOI    M    40    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Not Alloted
5    JAI PARKASH    M    56    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    KARAN SINGH    M    36    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Not Alloted
7    RAJBIR    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
8    CHHOTU RAM    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
9    KRISHAN KUMAR    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
10    SATPAL    M    27    Smast Bhartiya Party    Not Alloted
11    SUNIL KUMAR    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
12    RAJESH    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
13    PARVESH    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
14    AZAD SINGH    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
15    SAMPAT SINGH    M    62    Indian National Lok Dal    Spectacles
16    UMRAV SINGH    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
17    GULAB SINGH    M    47    Nelopa(United)    Not Alloted
18    NAND KISHOR    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
19    DEVI LAL    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
20    RAJENDER    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
21    KRISHAN KUMAR    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
22    SANJAY KUMAR    M    25    Independent    Not Alloted
23    CHHOTU RAM-1    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
24    SATPAL SINGH    M    43    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
25    BHATERI    F    39    Independent    Not Alloted
26    RAM DAYAL    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
27    JAG RAM    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
28    BHAJAN LAL-1    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
29    KULWANT SINGH    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
30    ROSHAN LAL    M    51    Indian Justice Party    Not Alloted
31    PARVEEN KUMARI    F    25    Indian Justice Party    Not Alloted
32    JANG BAHADUR    M    35    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Not Alloted
33    SANDEEP    M    25    Independent    Not Alloted
34    KRISHAN KUMAR-1    M    43    Rashtriya Janhit Party    Not Alloted
35    SHAMSHER    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
36    ANUP    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
37    DEVENDER    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
38    ROHTASH    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
39    RAJ KUMAR    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
40    JAGDISH CHANDER    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
41    SHARVAN KUMAR    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
42    JOGENDER KUMAR    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
43    KULDEEP SINGH    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
S07    5    7-May-09    HR    KARNAL    1    I D SWAMI    M    79    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    VIRENDER KUMAR    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SUSHIL KUMAR    M    42    Independent    Scissors
5    MUKESH KUMAR    M    32    Independent    Kite
7    ARVIND KUMAR SHARMA    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
8    MAM CHAND    M    66    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
10    RAJEEV    M    43    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
11    LAL SINGH    M    59    Independent    Railway Engine
12    SHIV PARSAD    M    56    Independent    Almirah
13    ASHOK KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Kite
14    BALWAN SINGH RUHAL    M    43    Independent    Table
15    HAWA SINGH    M    41    Rashtriya Janhit Party    Railway Engine
16    NAWAB ALI    M    45    Independent    Railway Engine
17    RAM PAL    M    44    Rashtriya Sahara Party    Sewing Machine
18    ANOOP SINGH    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
19    NARENDER SAROHA    M    34    Independent    Almirah
20    RAMESH KUMAR    M    57    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Electric Pole
21    PADMINI    F    54    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Electric Pole
22    PREM KUMAR    M    38    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
23    SANJEEV    M    44    Independent    Almirah
24    KALPANA SINGH    F    34    Republican Party of India (A)    Aeroplane
25    SUSHIL KUMAR    M    28    Independent    Gas Cylinder
26    MUKESH KUMARI    F    33    Independent    Sewing Machine
27    DUSHYANT KUMAR    M    30    Independent    Car
28    MANOJ KUMAR KASHYAP    M    36    Vanchit Jamat Party    Bat
29    RAMESH SINGLA    M    40    Independent    Electric Pole
S07    6    7-May-09    HR    SONIPAT    1    KISHAN SINGH SANGWAN    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    JITENDER SINGH    M    40    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    DEVRAJ DEEWAN    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SUKHBIR SINGH    M    53    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
5    UMESH    M    41    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Not Alloted
6    OM PARKASH    M    45    Bharathiya Congress    Not Alloted
7    KRISHAN KUMAR    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
8    GEJENDER    M    39    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Not Alloted
9    JYOTI PARKASH    M    28    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
10    MADANGOPAL    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Not Alloted
11    RAJ PAL    M    37    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)    Not Alloted
12    RAJENDER SINGH    M    48    United Women Front    Not Alloted
13    ROHTASH    M    33    Smast Bhartiya Party    Not Alloted
14    SUSHILA    F    42    Jan Chetna Party    Not Alloted
15    ISHWAR SINGH    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
16    DALVIR    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
17    DHARAMVIR    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
18    BALWAN SINGH    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
19    BIJENDER KUMAR    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
20    BIRENDER    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
21    RAJESH    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
22    SHIV NARAYAN    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
23    SURESH    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
S07    7    7-May-09    HR    ROHTAK    1    ANUP SINGH    M    64    Independent    Not Alloted
3    SUDESH    M    36    Republican Party of India    Not Alloted
4    SATYAWAN    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
5    KARAN SINGH    M    60    Independent    Not Alloted
6    RISHAL SINGH    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
7    ASHA NAND    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
8    NAFE SINGH    M    51    Indian National Lok Dal    Spectacles
9    SUDESH K AGGARWAL    M    56    Independent    Not Alloted
12    DEEPENDER SINGH    M    31    Indian National Congress    Hand
13    RAJBIR    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
15    MANJEET    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
16    JASVIR    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
17    RAJ KUMAR    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
19    ASHOK    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
21    KRISHAN    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
23    KRISHAN MURTI    M    60    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Not Alloted
26    GORAV    M    31    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Not Alloted
27    JASMER    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
28    MUNISHWER DAYAL    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
29    YASH BHUSHAN JAIN    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
S07    8    7-May-09    HR    BHIWANI-MAHENDRAGARH    1    HANSRAJ    M    37    Republican Party of India    Not Alloted
2    SURENDER    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
3    SAROJ YADAV    F    48    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    DR PURANMAL SHARMA    M    73    Independent    Not Alloted
5    SHRUTI CHOUDHRY    F    33    Indian National Congress    Hand
7    LAXMI NARAYAN ASEEJA    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
8    AJAY SINGH    M    44    Indian National Lok Dal    Spectacles
9    ER MAHABIR SINGH YADAV    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
10    RAJKUMAR    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
11    SURESH KUMAR    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
13    BIRENDER SINGH    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
14    VIKRAM SINGH    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
16    NARENDER SINGH    M    46    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Not Alloted
17    JAIMAL SINGH    M    65    Independent    Not Alloted
18    SHRI CHAND    M    60    Independent    Not Alloted
19    ANIL KAUSHIK    M    45    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
20    HARISH KUMAR    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
21    JAI SINGH    M    39    Indian Justice Party    Not Alloted
22    MAHENDER SINGH    M    30    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Not Alloted
23    NEEL KANWAL ALIAS NEELAM AGGARWAL    F    53    Smast Bhartiya Party    Not Alloted
24    VED PRAKASH    M    54    Niswarth Sewa Party    Not Alloted
25    PYARELAL    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
26    DHARMENDER SINGH    M    47    Independent    Not Alloted
27    ABHAY SINGH    M    51    Rajdal Haryana    Not Alloted
28    VINOD KUMAR    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
29    AJAY SINGH1    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
30    RAJESH KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
31    MAN MOHAN SINGH    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
33    RAJESH KUMAR1    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
S07    9    7-May-09    HR    GURGAON    1    INDERJIT SINGH    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    SUDHA    F    44    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    KUSHESWAR BHAGAT    M    38    Independent    Coconut
4    BIMLA DEVI    F    53    Independent    Ceiling Fan
5    BUDH RAM    M    46    Independent    Candles
6    SATISH KUMAR SINGH    M    38    Independent    Gas Cylinder
7    BALWANT SINGH AGGARWAL    M    59    Independent    Railway Engine
8    PRABHU LAL BATRA    M    71    Independent    Cup & Saucer
9    SUNIL YADAV    M    26    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
10    NARVIR SINGH    M    48    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Electric Pole
13    ZAKIR HUSAIN    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
15    SATENDER SINGH THAKRAN    M    25    Independent    Slate
16    MANBIR SINGH    M    30    Independent    Gas Cylinder
17    DINESH CHANDER YADAV    M    48    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
18    YASHPAL    M    33    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
20    AMAR MOHAMMAD    M    33    Independent    Railway Engine
22    ISHPAL SINGH TOMAR    M    62    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
23    NAJIR AHAMAD    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
24    NAVEEN    M    37    Independent    Kite
25    JAGAN    M    34    Independent    Batsman
27    RAMESH KUMAR    M    36    Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party    Bicycle
28    SATBEER SINGH KUNDU    M    50    Independent    Coat
30    RAKESH    M    33    Independent    Batsman
31    NARESH YADAV    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
S07    10    7-May-09    HR    FARIDABAD    1    CHANDER    M    46    Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)    Electric Pole
2    BABU LAL    M    58    Janata Uday Party    Gas Cylinder
3    RAMCHANDER    M    58    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    REKHA SINGH    F    42    Smast Bhartiya Party    Scissors
5    CHETAN    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    MUKESH KUMAR    M    42    Haryana Raksha Party    Not Alloted
7    LATA RANI    F    31    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
8    DR K P SINGH    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
9    GAJENDER SINGH    M    46    All India Forward Bloc (Subhasist)    Not Alloted
10    SAHI RAM    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
11    RAJESH DEVI    F    38    Independent    Not Alloted
12    SUKHBIR SINGH    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
13    YASHPAL NAGAR    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
14    DEVINDER    M    41    Jai Jawan Jai Kisan Mazdoor Congress    Not Alloted
15    NISAR AHMED    M    46    Rashtriya Naujawan Dal    Road Roller
16    AVTAR SINGH BHADANA    M    53    Indian National Congress    Hand
17    SURAJ BHAN    M    63    Rashtriya Janadhikar Party    Railway Engine
18    ROSHAN    M    36    Independent    Camera
19    TIKA RAM    M    33    Independent    Almirah
20    SUBHASH    M    40    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
21    RAMESH CHAND    M    43    Independent    Television
22    BRIJ BHUSHAN    M    36    Independent    Bat
23    AVTAR SINGH    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
24    SUNDER SINGH    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
25    SHISH RAM    M    40    Rashtriya Samaj Sudhar Party    Not Alloted
26    HARSH BHATIYA    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
27    SAMSUDIN    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
28    MOHAMMED BASHIR    M    43    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    NARINDER SINGH PATHANIA    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    DR. RAJAN SUSHANT    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
S08    2    13-May-09    HP    MANDI    1    LALA RAM    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ONKAR SINGH    M    49    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    RAJA MAHESHWAR SINGH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
S08    3    13-May-09    HP    HAMIRPUR    1    MALKIAT SINGH    M    52    Rashtriya Raksha Dal    Not Alloted
2    AMIN CHAND    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
3    RAJ KUMAR    M    44    Rashtrawadi Sena    Not Alloted
4    NARINDER THAKUR    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    MANGAT RAM    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    ANURAG    M    34    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
7    BHARAT BHUSHAN    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
S08    4    13-May-09    HP    SHIMLA    1    DHANI RAM SHANDIL    M    68    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    VIRENDER KASHYAP    M    58    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    GURNAM SINGH CHANDEL    M    36    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
S09    2    7-May-09    JK    SRINAGAR    1    IFTIKHAR HUSSAIN ANSARI    M    65    Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party    Ink Pot & Pen
2    AVTAR KRISHAN PANDITA    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    FAROOQ ABDULLAH    M    67    Jammu & Kashmir National Conference    Plough
4    MOHAMMAD ASHRAF KHAN    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    BILAL AHMAD BHAT    M    34    Samata Party    Flaming Torch
6    KHALIDA BEGUM    F    75    Jammu & Kashmir Awami National Conference    Candles
7    QARI ZAHIR ABBAS BHATTI    M    39    All India Forward Bloc (Subhasist)    Lion
8    ABDUL RASHID LONE    M    41    Republican Party of India (A)    Television
9    MUSHTAQ AHMAD    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
10    NISSAR AHMAD AHANGAR    M    26    Bharatiya Sampuran Krantikari Party    Glass Tumbler
11    BASHIR AHMAD MIR    M    50    Independent    Scissors
12    SYED MUJTABA HUSSAIN BUKHARI    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
13    ASHIQ HUSSAIN BHAT    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
14    MEHBOOBA SHAHDAB    F    45    Independent    Electric Pole
15    MOHAMMAD AHSAN MIR    M    60    Independent    Not Alloted
16    MOHAMMAD ALYAS MIR    M    38    Independent    Kite
S09    3    30-Apr-09    JK    ANANTNAG    1    PEER MOHD HUSSAIN    M    66    Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party    Ink Pot & Pen
2    MOHD SIDIQ KHAN    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MIRZA MEHBOOB BEG    M    59    Jammu & Kashmir National Conference    Plough
4    NISAR AHMAD KHAN    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ASIF JEELANI    M    39    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
6    BASHIR AHMAD KHAN    M    46    Rajya Nojawan Shakti Party    Bat
7    BASHIR AHMAD MALIK    M    65    Jammu & Kashmir Awami National Conference    Candles
8    FAYAZ AHMAD BHAT    M    40    Samajwadi Party    Walking Stick
9    MUSHTAQ AHMAD GANIE    M    39    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
10    MOHD RAFIQ WANI    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
11    RAJIV MAHAJAN    M    41    Independent    Kite
12    GH MOHI-UD-DIN SHAH    M    70    Independent    Television
13    NAZIR AHMAD BHAT    M    32    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S09    5    23-Apr-09    JK    UDHAMPUR    1    ADREES AHMAD TABBASUM    M    45    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    BALBIR SINGH    M    53    Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party    Ink Pot & Pen
3    PROF. BHIM SINGH    M    69    Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party    Bicycle
4    RAKESH WAZIR    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    CH. LAL SINGH    M    50    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    DR. NIRMAL SINGH    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
7    BODH RAJ    M    42    Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K    Sewing Machine
8    RAJESH MANCHANDA    M    40    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
9    KANCHAN SHARMA    F    40    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Gas Cylinder
10    MASTER WILLIAM GILL    M    60    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
11    ATUL SHARMA    M    30    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    DEV RAJ    M    57    Independent    Black Board
13    MOHD. YOUSUF    M    46    Independent    Candles
14    NARESH DOGRA    M    40    Independent    Television
S09    6    16-Apr-09    JK    JAMMU    1    S.TARLOK SINGH    M    59    Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party    Ink Pot & Pen
2    HUSSAIN ALI    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    LILA KARAN SHARMA    M    68    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    MADAN LAL SHARMA    M    56    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    UDAY CHAND    M    55    Duggar Pradesh Party    Jug
6    SURJIT SINGH ‘G’ SITARA    M    58    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
7    SANT RAM    M    73    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Gas Cylinder
8    SANJEEV KUMAR MANMOTRA    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
9    QARI ZAHIR ABBAS BHATTI    M    39    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
10    ABDUL MAJEED MALIK    M    37    Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K    Sewing Machine
11    ASHOK KUMAR    M    45    Independent    Hat
12    BALWAN SINGH    M    35    Independent    Glass Tumbler
13    PARAS RAM POONCHI    M    56    Independent    Road Roller
14    RAMESH CHANDER SHARMA    M    36    Independent    Battery Torch
15    SATISH POONCHI    M    60    Independent    Batsman
16    SANJAY KUMAR    M    39    Independent    Table
17    SHAKEELA BANO    F    32    Independent    Table Lamp
18    LABHA RAM GANDHI    M    46    Independent    Ceiling Fan
19    CH. MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN CHOUHAN    M    38    Independent    Nagara
20    NARESH DOGRA    M    40    Independent    Television
21    HILAL AHMED BAIG    M    29    Independent    Kite
S10    1    23-Apr-09    KA    CHIKKODI    1    KATTI RAMESH VISHWANATH    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    PRAKASH BABANNA HUKKERI    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SHIVANAND WANTAMURI SIDDAMALLAPPA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    BANASHANKARI BHIMAPPA ITTAPPA    M    32    Independent    Coconut
5    MALLAPPA MARUTI KHATANVE    M    60    Independent    Batsman
6    YASHWANT MANOHAR SUTAR    M    32    Independent    Cup & Saucer
7    SHAILA SURESH KOLI    F    37    Independent    Railway Engine
S10    2    23-Apr-09    KA    BELGAUM    1    AMARSINH VASANTRAO PATIL    M    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    ANGADI SURESH CHANNABASAPPA    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    A. B. PATIL    M    56    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
4    RAMANAGOUDA SIDDANGOUDA PATIL    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ALLAPPA RAMAPPA PATIL    M    31    Independent    Coconut
6    KASTURI BASANAGOUDA BHAVI    F    40    Independent    Nagara
7    MOHAN. H. GADIWADDAR    M    29    Independent    Railway Engine
8    RAMCHANDRA MAREPPA TORGAL(CHALAWADI)    M    66    Independent    Maize
9    VIJAYKUMAR JEENDATTA UPADHYE    M    47    Independent    Banana
10    HANAJI ASHOK PANDU    M    28    Independent    Iron
S10    3    30-Apr-09    KA    BAGALKOT    1    GADDIGOUDAR P.C.    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    J.T.PATIL    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    FAROOQ PAKALI    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    BASAVARAJ KALAKAPPA PUJAR    M    42    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
5    PARASHURAM JALAGAR    M    48    Pyramid Party of India    Television
6    KADECHUR KALLAPPA REVANASIDDAPPA    M    43    Independent    Railway Engine
7    GADADANNAVAR RAMESH BHIMAPPA    M    47    Independent    Scissors
8    CHINCHOLI SANTOSHAKUMAR SAHEBAGOUDA    M    25    Independent    Batsman
9    PANDIT SHIVAPPA BODALI    M    33    Independent    Kite
10    BADASHAH RAJESAB MUJAWAR    M    40    Independent    Sewing Machine
11    BABU RAMAREDDY RAMESH    M    38    Independent    Ring
12    BANDIWADDAR CHANDRASHEKHAR HANAMANT    M    29    Independent    Nagara
13    MANOHAR H.A.    M    51    Independent    Coconut
14    SHANKAR BHIMAPPA TELI    M    33    Independent    Road Roller
15    SANNAGOUDAR GURURAJ SATTYAPPAGOUDA    M    27    Independent    Diesel Pump
16    SANGMESH GURUPADAPPA BHAVIKATTI    M    29    Independent    Ceiling Fan
17    HIREMATH RENUKARADHYA SHARANAYYA    M    29    Independent    Brief Case
S10    4    23-Apr-09    KA    BIJAPUR    1    ALMELKAR VILASABABU BASALINGAPPA    M    46    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
2    KANAMADI SUDHAKAR MALLESH    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    PRAKASH KUBASING RATHOD    M    48    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    RAMESH CHANDAPPA JIGAJINAGI    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    NARASAPPA TIPPANNA BANDIWADDAR    M    48    Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha    Television
6    LAMANI CHANDRAKANT RUPASING    M    38    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
7    ARAKERI NIRMALA SRINIVAS    F    35    Independent    Coconut
8    CHALAWADI RAMANNA    M    54    Independent    Road Roller
9    SEVALAL SOMASHEKAR PURAPPA    M    46    Independent    Railway Engine
10    HARIJAN AMBANNA TUKARAM    M    33    Independent    Diesel Pump
S10    5    23-Apr-09    KA    GULBARGA    1    BABU HONNA NAIK    M    55    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
2    MALLIKARJUN KHARGE    M    67    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    MAHADEV. B. DHANNI    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    REVUNAIK BELAMGI    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    DR. K. T. PALUSKAR    M    53    Prabuddha Republican Party    Cup & Saucer
6    RAVIKUMAR SHALIMANI SEDAM    M    34    Ambedkar National Congress    Kite
7    SHANKER KODLA    M    73    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
8    SHANKAR JADHAV    M    48    Bharatiya Peoples Party    Coconut
9    H.V. DIWAKAR    M    46    Independent    Railway Engine
10    SHIVAKUMAR . KOLLUR    M    44    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S10    6    23-Apr-09    KA    RAICHUR    1    K.DEVANNA NAIK    M    56    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
2    PAKKIRAPPA.S.    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAJA VENKATAPPA NAIK    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SHIVAKUMAR    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    COM II. V.H.MASTER    M    73    Independent    Battery Torch
6    COMRADE V.MUDUKAPPA NAYAK    M    36    Independent    Nagara
7    R.MUDUKAPPA NAYAK    M    44    Independent    Railway Engine
8    K.SOMASHEKHAR    M    43    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S10    7    23-Apr-09    KA    BIDAR    1    GURUPADAPPA NAGMARPALLI    M    67    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    JAGANNATH.R.JAMADAR    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    N.DHARAM SINGH    M    73    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SUBHASH TIPPANNA NELGE    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
5    ADVOCATE MOULVI ZAMEERUDDIN    M    55    National Development Party    Ceiling Fan
6    BHASKAR BABU PATERPALLI    M    53    Indian Christian Secular Party    Candles
7    SHRAVAN SANGONDA BHANDE    M    42    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
8    SUBHASH CHANDRA G.KHAPATE    M    58    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
9    AMRUTHAPPA.M.D    M    58    Independent    Almirah
10    MD ARSHAD AHMED ANSARI    M    35    Independent    Nagara
11    KHAJA SAMEEUDDIN KHAJA MOINUDDIN    M    29    Independent    Balloon
12    JADHAV VENKAT RAO GYANOBA RAO    M    48    Independent    Brush
13    DONGAPURE SHANT KUMAR    M    52    Independent    Kite
14    DEVENDRAPPA SANGRAMAPPA PATIL    M    52    Independent    Banana
15    NARSAPPA MUTHANGI    M    69    Independent    Batsman
16    PARMESHWAR RAMCHANDRA    M    41    Independent    Basket
17    PASHAMIYA ESMAIL SAB    M    57    Independent    Television
18    BASWARAJ PAILWAN OKALLI    M    53    Independent    Battery Torch
19    MANJILE MIYYA PEER SAB QURESH    M    33    Independent    Black Board
20    MD OSMAN ALI LAKHPATI    M    58    Independent    Bat
21    MUFTI SHAIKH ABDUL GAFFAR QASMI    M    32    Independent    Bread
22    YEVATE PATIL SHRIMANTH    M    58    Independent    Ring
23    YASHWANTH NARSING    M    51    Independent    Railway Engine
24    SHIVARAJ TIMMANNA BOKKE    M    65    Independent    Coconut
25    SAMEEUDDIN BANDELI    M    47    Independent    Brief Case
26    SURESH SWAMY TALGHATKER    M    55    Independent    Road Roller
27    SYED QUBUL ULLA HUSSIANI (SAJID)    M    45    Independent    Glass Tumbler
S10    8    23-Apr-09    KA    KOPPAL    1    ANSARI IQBAL    M    50    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
2    BASAVARAJ RAYAREDDY    M    53    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SHIVAPUTRAPPA GUMAGERA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SHIVARAMAGOUDA SHIVANAGOUDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ZAKEER    M    30    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
6    BASAVARAJ KARADI WADDARAHATTI    M    27    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
7    BHARADWAJ    M    63    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
8    J.ESHWARAPPA    M    52    Independent    Nagara
9    UPPAR HANUMANTAPPA VEERAPPA KESARAHATTI    M    33    Independent    Kite
10    GOUSIA BEGUM    F    31    Independent    Camera
11    T.CHAKRAVARTI NAYAK    M    70    Independent    Railway Engine
12    CHANDRASHEKAR    M    37    Independent    Diesel Pump
13    NAJEER HUSAIN    M    41    Independent    Road Roller
14    COMRADE D.H.PUJAR    M    42    Independent    Candles
15    MAREMMA YANKAPPA    F    40    Independent    Gas Cylinder
16    SHARABHAYYA HIREMATH    M    27    Independent    Coconut
17    SHIVAKUMAR NAVALI SIDDAPPA TONTAPUR    M    44    Independent    Black Board
18    HANDI RAFIQ SAB    M    53    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S10    9    23-Apr-09    KA    BELLARY    1    T. NAGENDRA    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    J. SHANTHA    F    35    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    N.Y. HANUMANTHAPPA    M    69    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    CHOWDAPPA    M    29    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
5    D. GANGANNA    M    59    Independent    Table Lamp
6    B. RAMAIAH    M    60    Independent    Shuttle
7    A. RAMANJANAPPA    M    41    Independent    Bat
S10    10    30-Apr-09    KA    HAVERI    1    ASHOKAPPA MALLAPPA JAVALI    M    43    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    UDASI SHIVAKUMAR CHANABASAPPA    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    IGAL DILLPPA KARIYAPPA    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SHIVAKUMARGOUDA SHIDDALINGANGOUDA PATIL    M    42    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
5    SALEEM AHAMAD    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    KRISHNAJI RAGHAVENDRARAO OMKAR    M    32    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Coconut
7    PRABHU K PATIL    M    31    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
8    ALLABAX TIMMAPUR    M    34    Independent    Shuttle
9    JAGADEESH YANKAPPA DODDAMANI    M    35    Independent    Batsman
10    FAKKIRESH SHAMBHU BIJAPUR    M    39    Independent    Bat
11    K.N.BADIGER    M    28    Independent    Television
12    BASAVARAJ SHANKRAPPA DESAI    M    38    Independent    Railway Engine
S10    11    30-Apr-09    KA    DHARWAD    1    KASHIMSAB MULLA    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    KUNNUR MANJUNATH CHANNAPPA    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    TALAKALLAMATH MAHESH GURUPADAYYA    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    PRALHAD JOSHI    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    HANMANTSA CHANDRAKANTSA NIRANJAN    M    40    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
6    ALI M.SANDIMANI    M    30    Independent    Television
7    ASHOK VISHNUSA BADDI    M    38    Independent    Black Board
8    IBRAHIM KALLIMANI    M    32    Independent    Lady Purse
9    GURUPADAGOUDA VENKANAGOUDA PATIL    M    62    Independent    Table Lamp
10    ZAMEER KHAN    M    27    Independent    Camera
11    J. BHASKAR    M    39    Independent    Railway Engine
12    BASANAGOUDA MUDIGOUDA HANASI    M    63    Independent    Cup & Saucer
13    BASAVARAJ RAMANNA BALANNAVAR    M    30    Independent    Maize
14    BAGWAN NASIR PAPULSAB    M    51    Independent    Diesel Pump
15    RAMACHANDRA KALINGAPPA MAHAR    M    59    Independent    Kite
16    SHANKARAPPA GURUSHIDDAPPA YADAVANNAVAR    M    50    Independent    Brief Case
S10    12    23-Apr-09    KA    UTTARA KANNADA    1    ANANTKUMAR HEGDE    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    ALVA MARGARET    F    67    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    HADAPAD BASAVARAJ DUNDAPPA    M    28    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    V D HEGADE    M    68    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
5    ELISH KOTIYAL    M    44    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
6    D M GURAV    M    49    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
7    ABDUL RASHEED SHAIKH    M    44    Independent    Cup & Saucer
8    UDAY BABU KHALVADEKAR    M    57    Independent    Banana
9    KHAZI RAHMATULLA ABDUL WAHAB    M    60    Independent    Ceiling Fan
10    L P M NAIK    M    39    Independent    Slate
11    YASHWANT TIMMANNA NIPPANIKAR    M    58    Independent    Railway Engine
S10    13    30-Apr-09    KA    DAVANAGERE    1    K.B. KALLERUDRESHAPPA    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
2    MALLIKARJUN S.S.    M    42    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SIDDESWARA G.M.    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DR. HIDAYATHUR RAHMAN KHAN    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    IDLI RAMAPPA    M    46    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    SUDESH G.M.    M    31    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)    Candles
7    ARUNDI NINGAPPA    M    77    Independent    Coat
8    ALUR M.G. SWAMY    M    62    Independent    Coconut
9    INAYAT ALI KHAN    M    31    Independent    Road Roller
10    H. ESWARAPPA BOVI    M    30    Independent    Cot
11    H.M. EHSANULLA PATEL    M    53    Independent    Sewing Machine
12    H K KENCHVEERAPPA HEBBALU    M    65    Independent    Battery Torch
13    S. CHANDRASHEKARAPPA    M    59    Independent    Television
14    JAYANNA ITAGI    M    38    Independent    Camera
15    H. NAGARAJ PALEGARA    M    30    Independent    Maize
16    M. NAGARAJAPPA    M    46    Independent    Diesel Pump
17    L.S MALLIKARJUN    M    39    Independent    Glass Tumbler
18    MARUTHI H.    M    51    Independent    Balloon
19    YOGESHWARA RAO SINDHE    M    42    Independent    Gas Cylinder
20    RAMESH HULI    M    35    Independent    Banana
21    B. RAJASHEKHARAYYA    M    62    Independent    Harmonium
22    DR.RAJU C.    M    44    Independent    Bread
23    LOKANAGOWDA PATIL    M    41    Independent    Railway Engine
24    VEERESH T.    M    35    Independent    Batsman
25    DR. SRIDHARA UDUPA    M    56    Independent    Spoon
26    G. N. SIDDESH    M    42    Independent    Ceiling Fan
27    SUBHAN KHAN    M    45    Independent    Ring
28    B. GNANA PRAKASH    M    30    Independent    Kite
S10    14    30-Apr-09    KA    SHIMOGA    1    J. JAYAPPA    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    S. BANGARAPPA    M    76    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    B.Y. RAGHAVENDRA    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    C. MURUGAN    M    29    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)    Candles
5    AKHIL AHMED    M    45    Independent    Television
6    D.S. ESHWARAPPA    M    41    Independent    Nagara
7    UMESHKUMAR S    M    38    Independent    Railway Engine
8    N DINESH KUMAR    M    40    Independent    Banana
9    MAINUDDIN.M.S    M    35    Independent    Maize
10    MANJAPPA. S.    M    58    Independent    Diesel Pump
11    M.P. SRIDHAR. BYNDOOR    M    44    Independent    Stool
12    H.S. SHEKARAPPA    M    47    Independent    Table Lamp
S10    15    30-Apr-09    KA    UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR    1    K.JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    RADHA SUNDARESH    F    49    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    J.STEVEN MENEZES    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    COMRADE//UMESH KUMAR    M    38    Independent    Candles
6    K.GANAPATHI SHETTIGAR    M    58    Independent    Batsman
7    VINAYAK MALLYA    M    26    Independent    Kite
8    DR. SRIDHARA UDUPA    M    56    Independent    Banana
9    SRINIVAS POOJARY    M    51    Independent    Coconut
S10    16    30-Apr-09    KA    HASSAN    1    A. P. AHAMED    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    H. D. DEVEGOWDA    M    76    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
3    B. SHIVRAMU    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    K. H. HANUME GOWDA    M    78    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    AIJAZ AHMED FAROOQI    M    52    Independent    Television
6    KURUBARA KALENAHALLI KOVI BABANNA    M    47    Independent    Railway Engine
7    KODIHALLI CHANDRASHEKAR    M    51    Independent    Maize
8    DEVARAJA. P. B    M    26    Independent    Banana
9    DANDORA VIJAYAKUMAR    M    33    Independent    Road Roller
10    M. MAHESH (HARSHA)    M    38    Independent    Coconut
11    RAJANI NARAYANAGOWDA    M    34    Independent    Ring
12    K. D. REVANNA    M    34    Independent    Batsman
13    B. C. VIJAYAKUMARA    M    43    Independent    Nagara
S10    17    30-Apr-09    KA    DAKSHINA KANNADA    1    ALEKKADI GIRISH RAI    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    JANARDHANA POOJARY    M    71    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    NALIN KUMAR KATEEL    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    B.MADHAVA    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    VICHARAWADI ANANDA GATTY    M    59    Independent    Gas Cylinder
6    DR.THIRUMALA RAYA HALEMANE    M    55    Independent    Basket
7    MOHAMMED SALI    M    40    Independent    Coconut
8    K RAMA BHAT URIMAJALU    M    78    Independent    Ring
9    VASUDEVA GOWDA M. P.    M    49    Independent    Television
10    DR.U.P.SHIVANANDA    M    59    Independent    Battery Torch
11    SUBRAHMANYA KUMAR KUNTIKANAMATA    M    36    Independent    Black Board
S10    18    23-Apr-09    KA    CHITRADURGA    1    JANARDHANA SWAMY    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    M JAYANNA    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DR. B THIPPESWAMY    M    37    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    M RATHNAKAR    M    42    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
5    SHASHISHEKAR NAIK    M    46    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
6    M KUMBAIAH    M    56    Independent    Sewing Machine
7    GANESHA    M    48    Independent    Ceiling Fan
8    K H DURGASIMHA    M    61    Independent    Railway Engine
9    RAMACHANDRA    M    49    Independent    Coconut
10    B SUJATHA    F    33    Independent    Television
11    HANUMANTHAPPA TEGNOOR    M    59    Independent    Diesel Pump
S10    19    23-Apr-09    KA    TUMKUR    1    ASHOK    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    P. KODANDARAMAIAH    M    69    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    G.S. BASAVARAJU    M    67    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    S.P. MUDDAHANUMEGOWDA    M    55    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
5    SREE GOWRISHANKARA SWAMIGALU    M    63    Samajwadi Party    Ring
6    D.R. NAGARAJA    M    53    Independent    Sewing Machine
7    G. NAGENDRA    M    34    Independent    Banana
8    NIRANJANA C.S    M    29    Independent    Batsman
9    MOHAMED KHASIM    M    47    Independent    Railway Engine
10    SHASIBHUSHANA    M    34    Independent    Television
S10    20    30-Apr-09    KA    MANDYA    1    M H AMBAREESH    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    M KRISHNAMURTHY    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    N CHELUVARAYA SWAMY @ SWAMYGOWDA    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
4    L R SHIVARAMEGOWDA    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    KOWDLE CHANNAPPA    M    60    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
6    JOHNSON CHINNAPPAN    M    32    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)    Candles
7    K S PUTTANNAIAH    M    60    Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha    Television
8    H S RAMANNA    M    45    Pyramid Party of India    Railway Engine
9    S. BALASUBRAMANIAN    M    38    Independent    Almirah
10    VENKATESH R    M    37    Independent    Diesel Pump
11    SHAKUNTHALA    F    29    Independent    Maize
12    SHAMBHULINGEGOWDA    M    48    Independent    Sewing Machine
S10    21    30-Apr-09    KA    MYSORE    1    ADAGUR H VISHWANATH    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    B.A.JIVIJAYA    M    71    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
3    C.H.VIJAYASHANKAR    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SYED NIZAM ALI    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ARSHADULLA SHARIFF    M    40    Bharatiya Praja Paksha    Gas Cylinder
6    DR.E.KESHAMMA    F    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
7    P.PARASHIVAMURTHY    M    41    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Diesel Pump
8    LEELAVATHI.M    F    51    Pyramid Party of India    Television
9    RAFEEQ    M    27    Independent    Battery Torch
10    P.N.SRINATH-PATHRIKE    M    39    Independent    Coconut
11    SANTHOSH KUMAR.P    M    35    Independent    Candles
12    M.V.SANTHOSH KUMAR    M    27    Independent    Kite
S10    22    30-Apr-09    KA    CHAMARAJANAGAR    1    A.R.KRISHNAMURTHY    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    R.DHRUVANARAYANA    M    48    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    N.MAHESH    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    M.SHIVANNA(KOTE)    M    55    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
5    M.K.KEMPASIDDAIAH    M    74    Samajwadi Party    Banana
6    CHOWDAHALLY JAVARAIAH    M    37    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    R.JAGADISH NAIK    M    32    Bharathiya Sahayog Congress    Railway Engine
8    K.C.SHIVANANDA    M    37    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
9    PURUSHOTHAMA.R    M    28    Independent    Coconut
10    BHEEMAIAH    M    60    Independent    Ceiling Fan
11    P.B.YOGENDRA    M    35    Independent    Television
12    RAMESH.M    M    32    Independent    Candles
13    M.C.RAJANNA    M    62    Independent    Diesel Pump
14    SUBBAIAH    M    41    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S10    23    23-Apr-09    KA    BANGALORE RURAL    1    H.D.KUMARASWAMY    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
2    TEJASVINI GOWDA    F    42    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    MOHAMED HAFEEZ ULLAH    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    C. P. YOGEESHWARA    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    C.THOPAIAH    M    56    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
6    I VENKATESWARA REDDY    M    55    Pyramid Party of India    Television
7    AGNISHREENIVAS    M    30    Independent    Sewing Machine
8    D.KUMARASWAMY    M    43    Independent    Batsman
9    KUMARASWAMY C    M    28    Independent    Balloon
10    KRISHNAPPA    M    46    Independent    Coconut
11    Y.CHINNAPPA    M    33    Independent    Diesel Pump
12    A CHOWRAPPA    M    44    Independent    Comb
13    DR. K PADMARAJAN    M    50    Independent    Nagara
14    K.PUTTAMADEGOWDA    M    40    Independent    Railway Engine
15    T.M.MANCHEGOWDA    M    62    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S10    24    23-Apr-09    KA    BANGALORE NORTH    1    D. B. CHANDRE GOWDA    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    C. K. JAFFER SHARIEF    M    75    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    PADMAA K. BHAT    F    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    R. SURENDRA BABU    M    48    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
5    M. TIPPUVARDHAN    M    39    Bharatiya Praja Paksha    Battery Torch
6    ANCHAN KHANNA    M    34    Independent    Violin
7    KANYA KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Kite
8    G S KUMAR    M    68    Independent    Stool
9    C. KRISHNAMURTHY    M    45    Independent    Candles
10    B K CHANDRA    M    38    Independent    Banana
11    T. R. CHANDRAHASA    M    45    Independent    Maize
12    ABDUL JALEEL    M    39    Independent    Glass Tumbler
13    ZAFER MOHIUDDIN    M    48    Independent    Shuttle
14    JOSEPH SOLOMON    M    39    Independent    Railway Engine
15    L. NAGARAJ    M    52    Independent    Gas Cylinder
16    V. PRASANNA KUMAR    M    38    Independent    Batsman
17    H. PILLAIAH    M    46    Independent    Camera
18    T. B. MADWARAJA    M    33    Independent    Coconut
19    MEER LAYAQ HUSSAIN    M    42    Independent    Diesel Pump
20    K. A. MOHAN    M    51    Independent    Nagara
21    S. M. RAJU    M    52    Independent    Road Roller
22    L. LAKSHMAIAH    M    64    Independent    Cup & Saucer
23    MU. VENKATESHAIAH    M    50    Independent    Ceiling Fan
24    VENKATESA SETTY    M    63    Independent    Ice Cream
25    H. A. SHIVAKUMAR    M    30    Independent    Kettle
26    K. SATHYANARAYANA    M    57    Independent    Bat
27    SYED AKBAR BASHA    M    50    Independent    Television
28    N. HARISH GOWDA    M    33    Independent    Sewing Machine
S10    25    23-Apr-09    KA    BANGALORE CENTRAL    1    ZAMEER AHMED KHAN. B.Z    M    43    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
2    P. C. MOHAN    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    VIJAY RAJA SINGH    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    H.T.SANGLIANA    M    67    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    IFTHAQUAR ALI BHUTTO    M    37    Ambedkar National Congress    Kite
6    J.D.ELANGOVAN    M    64    Indian Justice Party    Road Roller
7    S M KRISHNA    M    44    Bharatiya Praja Paksha    Harmonium
8    B KRISHNA PRASAD    M    55    Proutist Sarva Samaj Party    Railway Engine
9    A.S. PAUL    M    60    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)    Candles
10    D.C. PRAKASH    M    41    Karnataka Thamizhar Munnetra Kazhagam    Nagara
11    K.PRABHAKARA REDDY    M    61    Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha    Coconut
12    T.K.PREMKUMAR    M    45    Pyramid Party of India    Television
13    ABHIMANI NARENDRA    M    50    Independent    Diesel Pump
14    M.A. ASHWATHA NARAYANA SETTY    M    64    Independent    Carrot
15    K UMA    F    46    Independent    Bat
16    UMASHANKAR    M    42    Independent    Table Lamp
17    K.S.S.IYENGAR    M    77    Independent    Battery Torch
18    B.M.KRISHNAREDDY    M    64    Independent    Ceiling Fan
19    S.KODANDARAM    M    50    Independent    Gas Cylinder
20    C.V.GIDDAPPA    M    55    Independent    Almirah
21    A.CHANDRASHEKAR    M    45    Independent    Sewing Machine
22    JAYARAMA    M    60    Independent    Ring
23    K.NARASIMHA    M    38    Independent    Cup & Saucer
24    B.K NARAYANA SWAMY    M    52    Independent    Letter Box
25    P.PARTHIBAN    M    34    Independent    Whistle
26    MEER LAYAQ HUSSAIN    M    42    Independent    Balloon
27    B.MOHAN VELU    M    39    Independent    Tent
28    R. RAJ    M    49    Independent    Banana
29    E. RAMAKRISHNAIAH    M    50    Independent    Batsman
30    K.H.RAMALINGAREDDY    M    41    Independent    Maize
31    VIJAYA BHASKAR N    M    61    Independent    Gas Stove
32    DR.D. R.VENKATESH GOWDA    M    82    Independent    Basket
33    SHAFFI AHMED    M    50    Independent    Black Board
34    S.N. SHARMA    M    67    Independent    Electric Pole
35    SHASHIKUMAR A.R    M    43    Independent    Camera
36    K.SHIVARAMANNA    M    55    Independent    Bread
37    SHAIK BAHADUR    M    54    Independent    Brief Case
S10    26    23-Apr-09    KA    BANGALORE SOUTH    1    ANANTH KUMAR    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    KRISHNA BYRE GOWDA    M    36    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    NAHEEDA SALMA S    F    47    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    PROF.RADHAKRISHNA    M    63    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
5    B.M.GOVINDRAJ NAIK    M    38    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Railway Engine
6    P.JOHNBASCO    M    37    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)    Candles
7    VATAL NAGARAJ    M    60    Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha    Coconut
8    B.SHIVARAMAPPA    M    62    Pyramid Party of India    Television
9    ABHIMAANI NARENDRA    M    50    Independent    Diesel Pump
10    KHADER ALI KHAN    M    39    Independent    Maize
11    GANESH HANUMANTARAO MOKHASHI    M    58    Independent    Violin
12    CAPT. G.R. GOPINATH    M    57    Independent    Kite
13    K.C.JANARDHAN    M    46    Independent    Black Board
14    DR.JAYALAKSHMI.H.G.    F    48    Independent    Bat
15    K.M.NARAYANA    M    54    Independent    Banana
16    MADESH.C    M    40    Independent    Balloon
17    MURALIDHARA.D.J.    M    44    Independent    Table
18    RAVI KUMARA.T.    M    26    Independent    Batsman
19    SUGANDHARAJE URS    M    59    Independent    Sewing Machine
20    SANTHOSH MIN.B    M    33    Independent    Almirah
S10    27    23-Apr-09    KA    CHIKKBALLAPUR    1    C.ASWATHANARAYANA    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    C.R.MANOHAR    M    29    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
3    M.VEERAPPA MOILY    M    69    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    HENNURU LAKSHMINARAYANA    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    M.RAMAKRISHNAIAH    M    40    Pyramid Party of India    Television
6    M.VENKATESH    M    55    Bharatiya Praja Paksha    Batsman
7    H.R.SHIVAKUMAR    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
8    KRISHNAMURTHY .T    M    70    Independent    Sewing Machine
9    K.S.CHANDRASHEKARA RAO (AZAD)    M    54    Independent    Diesel Pump
10    L.NAGARAJ    M    52    Independent    Coconut
11    G.NARAYANAPPA    M    62    Independent    Saw
12    A.N.BACHEGOWDA    M    50    Independent    Maize
13    G.B.MUTHUKUMAR    M    62    Independent    Hat
14    M.MUNIVENKATAIAH    M    64    Independent    Road Roller
15    M.RAMESH    M    30    Independent    Battery Torch
16    RAVI GOKRE    M    32    Independent    Nagara
17    G.N. RAVI    M    45    Independent    Jug
18    K.VENKATAREDDY    M    36    Independent    Railway Engine
19    B.SHIVARAJA    M    40    Independent    Pressure Cooker
20    Y.A.SIDDALINGEGOWDA    M    42    Independent    Bat
S10    28    23-Apr-09    KA    KOLAR    1    G.CHANDRANNA    M    56    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
2    K.H.MUNIYAPPA    M    61    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    N.MUNISWAMY    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    LAKSHMI SHANMUGAM    F    56    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
5    D.S.VEERAIAH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
6    K.R.DEVARAJA    M    51    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
7    B.M.KRISHNAPPA    M    59    Independent    Harmonium
8    M.R.GANTAPPA    M    46    Independent    Banana
9    P.V.CHANGALARAYAPPA    M    38    Independent    Ice Cream
10    P.CHANDRAPPA    M    42    Independent    Batsman
11    V.JAYARAMA    M    59    Independent    Letter Box
12    JAYARAMAPPA    M    45    Independent    Diesel Pump
13    NAGARATHNA M.    F    47    Independent    Camera
14    M.NAGARAJA    M    35    Independent    Shuttle
15    NARAYANASWAMY    M    49    Independent    Sewing Machine
16    K.NARAYANASWAMY    M    37    Independent    Cup & Saucer
17    C.K.MUNIYAPPA    M    43    Independent    Candles
18    M.RAVI KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Pressure Cooker
19    M.VENKATASWAMY    M    55    Independent    Television
20    K.VENKATESH    M    40    Independent    Maize
21    SRINIVASA T.O.    M    37    Independent    Table Lamp
22    SRINIVASA P.    M    42    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S11    1    16-Apr-09    KL    KASARAGOD    1    P KARUNAKARAN    M    64    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    K.H.MADHAVI    F    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SHAHIDA KAMAL    F    40    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    K. SURENDRAN    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ABBAS MUTHALAPPARA    M    47    Independent    Television
6    MOHAN NAYAK    M    73    Independent    Coconut
7    P.K. RAMAN    M    48    Independent    Black Board
S11    2    16-Apr-09    KL    KANNUR    1    P.P KARUNAKARAN MASTER    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    K.K BALAKRISHNAN NAMBIAR    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    K.K RAGESH    M    38    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    K. SUDHAKARAN    M    60    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    P.I. CHANDRASEKHARAN    M    53    The Humanist Party of India    Ceiling Fan
6    JOHNSON ALIAS SUNNY AMBATT    M    48    Independent    Candles
7    K. RAGESH S/O. JANARDHANAN    M    33    Independent    Ring
8    PATTATHIL RAGHAVAN    M    82    Independent    Walking Stick
9    K. SUDHAKARAN KAVINTE ARIKATH    M    39    Independent    Glass Tumbler
S11    3    16-Apr-09    KL    VADAKARA    1    ADV.K. NOORUDHEEN MUSALIAR    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    MULLAPPALLY RAMACHANDRAN    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    K.P SREESAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    ADV. P. SATHEEDEVI    F    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    T.P CHANDRASEKHARAN    M    47    Independent    Television
6    NAROTH RAMACHANDRAN    M    58    Independent    Glass Tumbler
7    P.SATHIDEVI PALLIKKAL    F    36    Independent    Violin
8    SATHEEDEVI    F    42    Independent    Road Roller
S11    4    16-Apr-09    KL    WAYANAD    1    K. MURALEEDHARAN    M    51    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    RAJEEV JOSEPH    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    C. VASUDEVAN MASTER    M    65    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    M.I. SHANAVAS    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ADVOCATE. M. RAHMATHULLA    M    48    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
6    KALLANGODAN ABDUL LATHEEF    M    46    Independent    Gas Cylinder
7    CLETUS    M    52    Independent    Candles
8    DR. NALLA THAMPY THERA    M    75    Independent    Kite
9    ADVOCATE. SHANAVAS MALAPPURAM    M    36    Independent    Shuttle
10    SHANAVAS MANAKULANGARA PARAMBIL    M    29    Independent    Glass Tumbler
11    SUNNY PONNAMATTOM    M    58    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    M.P. RAHMATH    M    30    Independent    Bat
13    RAHMATHULLA POOLADAN    M    36    Independent    Whistle
S11    5    16-Apr-09    KL    KOZHIKODE    1    A.K. ABDUL NASAR    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ADV. P.A. MOHAMED RIYAS    M    33    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    V. MURALEEDHARAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    M.K. RAGHAVAN    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ADV. P. KUMARANKUTTY    M    64    Independent    Television
6    K. MUHAMMED RIYAS    M    27    Independent    Ring
7    P. MUHAMMED RIYAS    M    28    Independent    Diesel Pump
8    P.A. MOHAMMED RIYAS    M    37    Independent    Harmonium
9    MUDOOR MUHAMMED HAJI    M    44    Independent    Scissors
10    K. RAGHAVAN    M    44    Independent    Shuttle
11    P. RAMACHANDRAN NAIR    M    63    Independent    Whistle
12    M. RAGHAVAN    M    65    Independent    Glass Tumbler
13    VINOD K.    M    33    Independent    Letter Box
14    ADV. SABI JOSEPH    M    60    Independent    Candles
15    DR. D.SURENDRANATH    M    60    Independent    Battery Torch
16    RIYAS    M    31    Independent    Kite
S11    6    16-Apr-09    KL    MALAPPURAM    1    ADV.E.A. ABOOBACKER    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ADV. N. ARAVINDAN    M    43    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    E. AHAMED    M    70    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Ladder
4    T.K. HAMSA    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
S11    7    16-Apr-09    KL    PONNANI    1    K. JANACHANDRAN MASTER    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    P.K. MUHAMMED    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    E.T. MUHAMMED BASHEER    M    62    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Ladder
4    ABDUREHMAN    M    32    Independent    Coconut
5    DR. AZAD    M    45    Independent    Slate
6    PULLANI GOVINDAN    M    64    Independent    Black Board
7    DR. HUSSAIN RANTATHANI    M    51    Independent    Ceiling Fan
8    HUSSAIN EDAYATH    M    29    Independent    Iron
9    HUSSAIN KADAIKKAL    M    37    Independent    Kite
10    HUSSAIN PERICHAYIL    M    42    Independent    Walking Stick
11    HUSSAIN    M    29    Independent    Television
12    DR. HUSSAIN    M    40    Independent    Cup & Saucer
13    K. SADANANDAN    M    62    Independent    Almirah
S11    8    16-Apr-09    KL    PALAKKAD    1    ABDUL RAZAK MOULAVI    M    47    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    CHANDRAN. V    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    C.K. PADMANABHAN    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    M.B. RAJESH    M    34    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    SATHEESAN PACHENI    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    A. AROKIASAMY    M    61    Independent    Candles
7    M.R. MURALI    M    43    Independent    Television
8    N.V. RAJESH    M    35    Independent    Ring
9    VIJAYAN AMBALAKKAD    M    42    Independent    Glass Tumbler
10    SATHEESAN. E.V    M    37    Independent    Scissors
S11    9    16-Apr-09    KL    ALATHUR    1    P.K BIJU    M    34    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    M. BINDU TEACHER    F    35    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    DR. G SUDEVAN    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    N.K SUDHEER    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    K. GOPALAKRISHNAN    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    BIJU K.K    M    38    Independent    Banana
7    P.C BIJU    M    36    Independent    Bat
8    C.K RAMAKRISHNAN    M    43    Independent    Black Board
9    K.K SUDHIR    M    44    Independent    Scissors
S11    10    16-Apr-09    KL    THRISSUR    1    P C CHACKO    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    C N JAYADEVAN    M    58    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    ADV. JOSHY THARAKAN    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    REMA REGUNANDAN    F    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    AJAYAN KUTTIKAT    M    36    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
6    K ARUN KUMAR    M    39    Independent    Almirah
7    KUNJAN PULAYAN    M    52    Independent    Battery Torch
8    E A JOSEPH    M    49    Independent    Coconut
9    N K RAVI    M    46    Independent    Walking Stick
10    P C SAJU    M    35    Independent    Candles
11    ADV. N HARIHARAN NAIR    M    63    Independent    Maize
S11    11    16-Apr-09    KL    CHALAKUDY    1    ADV. U.P JOSEPH    M    45    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    K.P. DHANAPALAN    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    MUTTAM ABDULLA    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ADV.K.V. SABU    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    HAMSA KALAPARAMBATH    M    47    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Gas Cylinder
6    JOHNNY K CHEEKU    M    47    Independent    Almirah
7    JOSE MAVELI    M    58    Independent    Sewing Machine
8    U.P JOSE    M    45    Independent    Violin
9    DR. P.S. BABU    M    42    Independent    Battery Torch
10    T.S NARAYANAN MASTER    M    67    Independent    Television
11    C.A. HASEENA    F    36    Independent    Candles
S11    12    16-Apr-09    KL    ERNAKULAM    1    PROF. K V THOMAS    M    61    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    A.N. RADHAKRISHNAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SHERIF MOHAMMED    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SINDHU JOY    F    32    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    SAJU THOMAS    M    43    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
6    MARY FRANCIS MOOLAMPILLY    F    59    Independent    Tent
7    VISWAMBARAN    M    59    Independent    Ring
8    SAJI THURUTHIKUNNEL    M    37    Independent    Coconut
9    SINDHU K.S    F    36    Independent    Candles
10    SINDHU JAYAN    F    38    Independent    Television
S11    13    16-Apr-09    KL    IDUKKI    1    ADV. P.T THOMAS    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    ADV. K. FRANCIS GEORGE    M    54    Kerala Congress    Bicycle
3    ADV. BIJU M JOHN    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SREENAGARI RAJAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    VASUDEVAN    M    39    Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katch    Candles
6    ADV. CHITTOOR RAJAMANNAR    M    50    Independent    Battery Torch
7    JOSE KUTTIYANY    M    69    Independent    Television
8    KANCHIYAR PEETHAMBARAN    M    45    Independent    Almirah
9    BABY    M    51    Independent    Ceiling Fan
10    M A SOOSAI    M    45    Independent    Ring
S11    14    16-Apr-09    KL    KOTTAYAM    1    JOSE K.MANI    M    44    Kerala Congress (M)    Two Leaves
2    ADV. NARAYANAN NAMBOOTHIRI    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    ADV. SURESH KURUP    M    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    SPENCER MARKS    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ADV. JAIMON THANKACHAN    M    39    Samajwadi Jan Parishad    Glass Tumbler
6    ANTO P JOHN    M    41    Independent    Maize
7    JUNO JOHN BABY    M    34    Independent    Ice Cream
8    JOSE    M    45    Independent    Carrot
9    JOSE MATHEW    M    32    Independent    Banana
10    JOSE K. MANI    M    32    Independent    Television
11    BABU    M    41    Independent    Table
12    K.T MATHEW    M    50    Independent    Balloon
13    MINI K PHILIP    F    41    Independent    Battery Torch
14    M.S RAVEENDRAN    M    49    Independent    Shuttle
15    K. RAJAPPAN    M    57    Independent    Cake
16    SASIKUTTAN VAKATHANAM    M    53    Independent    Kite
17    SURESH N.B KURUP    M    26    Independent    Whistle
18    SURESHKUMAR K    M    33    Independent    Ceiling Fan
19    SURESHKUMAR T.R    M    36    Independent    Diesel Pump
20    SURESH KURUMBAN    M    36    Independent    Walking Stick
S11    15    16-Apr-09    KL    ALAPPUZHA    1    DR. K.S MANOJ    M    43    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    K.C VENUGOPAL    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    K.S PRASAD    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    P.J KURIAN    M    63    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
5    S. SEETHILAL    M    45    Independent    Battery Torch
6    SONY J. KALYANKUMAR    M    51    Independent    Television
S11    16    16-Apr-09    KL    MAVELIKKARA    1    R.S ANIL    M    34    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    KODIKKUNNIL SURESH    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    DR. N.D MOHAN    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    P.M VELAYUDHAN    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ANIL KUMAR    M    26    Independent    Maize
6    K.S SASIKALA    F    40    Independent    Battery Torch
7    SOORANAD SUKUMARAN    M    60    Independent    Gas Stove
S11    17    16-Apr-09    KL    PATHANAMTHITTA    1    ANANTHA GOPAN    M    61    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    ANTO ANTONY    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    KARUNAKARAN NAIR    M    78    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    MANI C.KAPPEN    M    51    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
5    RADHAKRISHNA MENON    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
6    KUNJU PILLAI    M    60    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    ANTO    M    33    Independent    Table Lamp
8    JYOTHISH M.R    M    37    Independent    Jug
9    THAMBI    M    40    Independent    Battery Torch
10    NIRANAM RAJAN    M    47    Independent    Candles
11    PUSHPANGADAN    M    40    Independent    Bead Necklace
12    MATHEW PAREY    M    26    Independent    Book
S11    18    16-Apr-09    KL    KOLLAM    1    ADVT. K M JAYANANDAN    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    N.PEETHAMBARAKURUP    M    66    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    VAYAKKAL MADHU    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    P.RAJENDRAN    M    58    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    ADV.ANU SASI    M    28    Independent    Television
6    KRISHNAMMAL    F    59    Independent    Cup & Saucer
7    K A JOHN    M    55    Independent    Candles
8    N.PEETHAMBARAKURUP    M    61    Independent    Shuttle
9    S.PRADEEP KUMAR    M    30    Independent    Book
10    S.RADHAKRISHNAN    M    47    Independent    Battery Torch
11    R.ZAKIEER HUSSAIN    M    37    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S11    19    16-Apr-09    KL    ATTINGAL    1    PROF.G BALACHANDRAN    M    63    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    THOTTAKKADU SASI    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    ADV. A SAMPATH    M    46    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    J SUDHAKARAN    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    SREENATH    M    53    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
6    JAYAKUMAR    M    56    Independent    Television
7    BALACHANDRAN    M    51    Independent    Shuttle
8    BALACHNDRAN C P    M    59    Independent    Ice Cream
9    MURALI KUMAR    M    43    Independent    Gas Cylinder
10    J VIJAYAKUMAR    M    49    Independent    Bat
11    VIVEKANANDAN    M    59    Independent    Hat
12    SHAMSUDEEN    M    56    Independent    Cup & Saucer
13    SAJIMON    M    25    Independent    Nagara
14    SAIFUDEEN M    M    55    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S11    20    16-Apr-09    KL    THIRUVANANTHAPURAM    1    P K KRISHNA DAS    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    M.P.GANGADHARAN    M    74    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    DR.A NEELALOHITHADASAN NADAR    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ADV. P RAMACHANDRAN NAIR    M    57    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
5    SHASHI THAROOR    M    53    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    AJITHKUMAR.K    M    41    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
7    JAIN WILSON    M    41    Bahujan Shakty    Railway Engine
8    G ASHOKAN    M    47    Independent    Candles
9    T.GEORGE    M    40    Independent    Ceiling Fan
10    DILEEP    M    28    Independent    Carrot
11    U.NAHURMIRAN PEERU MOHAMMED    M    49    Independent    Camera
12    PRATHAPAN    M    54    Independent    Battery Torch
13    MOHANAN JOSHWA    M    49    Independent    Kite
14    SASI – JANAKI SADAN    M    39    Independent    Glass Tumbler
15    SASI – KALAPURAKKAL    M    51    Independent    Shuttle
16    SHAJAR KHAN    M    38    Independent    Black Board
S12    1    30-Apr-09    MP    MORENA    1    JUGAL KISHOR PIPPAL    M    65    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    NARENDRA SINGH TOMAR    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    BALVEER SINGH DANDOTIYA    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    AD. BAIJNATH KUSHWAHA    M    39    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    RAMNIWAS RAWAT    M    50    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    ANITA HITENDRA CHOUDHARY    F    32    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Sewing Machine
7    DEVENDRA SINGH SIKARWAR    M    35    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
8    RAMBABU SINGH PARIHAR    M    45    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
9    VISHANLAL AGARWAL (GOKAL M.P.)    M    54    Savarn Samaj Party    Nagara
10    UTTAM SINGH MITTAL    M    32    Independent    Basket
11    USHA RAWAT    F    34    Independent    Brief Case
12    KALAWATI RAMESH ARGAL    F    31    Independent    Shuttle
13    GANDRV    M    27    Independent    Black Board
14    JOGENDR    M    30    Independent    Balloon
15    DHALLU (ALLAHBAKSH)    M    60    Independent    Cup & Saucer
16    NARENDRA SINGH    M    29    Independent    Jug
17    MAHESH JATAV    M    32    Independent    Television
18    MAHESH SINGH JATAV    M    29    Independent    Banana
19    RAJVEER SINGH    M    29    Independent    Battery Torch
20    RAMNIWAS KUSHWAH    M    30    Independent    Almirah
21    RAM SEWAK    M    38    Independent    Walking Stick
22    VIJAY KUMAR    M    32    Independent    Kite
23    VIVEK APTE    M    45    Independent    Table Lamp
24    SATYENDRA JAIN SHAMMI    M    43    Independent    Railway Engine
S12    2    30-Apr-09    MP    BHIND    1    ASHOK ARGAL    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    NAND KISHOR KORI    M    43    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    DR. BHAGIRATH PRASAD    M    61    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    D.R.RAHUL    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    TULSIRAM DHANUK THEKEDAR    M    60    Inqalab Vikas Dal    Walking Stick
6    SHANKAR LAL VERMA    M    70    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Railway Engine
7    SHRIRAM RAHUL    M    41    Bundelkhand Mukti Morcha    Nagara
8    R.J.JATAV    M    48    Independent    Balloon
9    BHAGIRATH    M    33    Independent    Kite
10    RAMSEVAK MORYA    M    43    Independent    Tent
11    LALARAM    M    46    Independent    Cot
12    VEERENDRA KUMAR GOYAL    M    40    Independent    Almirah
13    SHAILENDRA SINGH ALIAS KALLU    M    25    Independent    Whistle
S12    3    30-Apr-09    MP    GWALIOR    1    AJAB SINGH KUSHWAH    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ASHOK SINGH    M    48    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    YASHODHARA RAJE SCINDIA    F    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    AVTAR SINGH    M    38    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
5    GAUTAM SINGH RAJPUT KUSHWAH    M    42    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Kite
6    DEVENDRA BHARGAVA ADVOCATE    M    64    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Nagara
7    PANKAJ GOSWAMI    M    30    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Black Board
8    RAMESH CHANDRA SHARMA    M    62    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
9    DR RAM GOPAL ADVOCATE    M    70    Republican Party of India (A)    Candles
10    LAKHPAT SINGH KIRAR    M    38    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
11    ANAND KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Almirah
12    ANAND SINGH KUSHWAH RAMAYNE    M    41    Independent    Kettle
13    ALOK JOSHI    M    36    Independent    Saw
14    KAPTAN SINGH MASTER    M    45    Independent    Slate
15    KOMAL ANURAGI    M    34    Independent    Harmonium
16    JAGADISH GOBARA    M    55    Independent    Balloon
17    DEEPAK KUMAR BANSAL RANGWALE    M    44    Independent    Television
18    PADAM SINGH DHAKAD    M    33    Independent    Camera
19    YASMIN KHAN    F    35    Independent    Gas Stove
20    RAJESH KUMAR SHARMA    M    34    Independent    Ceiling Fan
21    RAM RATAN KUSHWAH    M    50    Independent    Jug
22    SAEED KHAN DABBU    M    40    Independent    Bat
23    SHRIKRISHNA ALIAS SIRIYA    M    57    Independent    Banana
S12    4    30-Apr-09    MP    GUNA    1    JYOTIRADITYA MADHAVRAO SCINDIA    M    38    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    DR.NAROTTAM MISHRA    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    LOKPAL LODHI    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ABDUL RASHEED    M    35    Apna Dal    Nagara
5    MANIRAM RAM JATAV    M    27    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
6    LALU URF ATAL LAL    M    36    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Sewing Machine
7    ANIL DWIVEDI    M    28    Independent    Jug
8    PT.ASHOK SHARMA BADE BHAIYA    M    42    Independent    Almirah
9    ISHLAM KHAN RAIAN    M    37    Independent    Balloon
10    KISHORILAL CHAURASIYA GUNA WALE    M    71    Independent    Basket
11    KRISHNA KANT CHAUBEY PAPPU MAHARAJ    M    42    Independent    Shuttle
12    MAHADEV PRASAD TIWARI    M    50    Independent    Coconut
13    P.MAHESH CHANDRA SHASHTRI    M    55    Independent    Electric Pole
14    MOHAMMD IRSHADA QUAZI    M    41    Independent    Stool
15    LAKHAN LAL    M    30    Independent    Gas Cylinder
16    VIJAY KUMAR JAIN    M    51    Independent    Kite
17    SUMAN SINGH SIKARWAR ADVOCATE    M    39    Independent    Ceiling Fan
18    HAJARI LAL KOTIA (RATHOR)    M    38    Independent    Banana
S12    5    30-Apr-09    MP    SAGAR    1    ASLAM SHER KHAN    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    AHIRWAR NARESH BOUDHA    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    GOURI SINGH YADAV    M    59    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    BHUPENDRA SINGH    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ARVIND DANGI    M    34    Prajatantrik Samadhan Party    Nagara
6    DHAN SINGH AHIRWAR    M    33    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
7    VINOD DIWAR GOUND    M    27    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
8    SIDHARTH BOUDHA AHIRWAR    M    35    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
9    SANJAY BHAI ADVOCATE RAVIDASI    M    31    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Almirah
10    ASHOK MISHRA    M    45    Independent    Television
11    GOMAT SINGH MAHARAJ SINGH DANGI    M    71    Independent    Scissors
12    RAMKISHAN RAMA    M    39    Independent    Shuttle
S12    6    30-Apr-09    MP    TIKAMGARH    1    AHIRWAR VRINDAVAN    M    48    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    CHINTAMAN KORI RAMPURIYA    M    64    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    G.D.    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    VIRENDRA KUMAR    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    AHIRWAR JAGDISH PRASAD    M    28    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
6    AHIRWAR RAMSWAROOP    M    38    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Kite
7    VISHAN LAL BASHNKAR    M    43    Prajatantrik Samadhan Party    Nagara
8    AHIRWAR GYADIN    M    42    Independent    Walking Stick
9    KAMLAPAT KUMHAR    M    40    Independent    Basket
10    KHARGA PRASAD    M    58    Independent    Railway Engine
11    CHAMAN LAL    M    74    Independent    Scissors
12    DAYARAM    M    30    Independent    Stool
13    PARWAT LAL    M    35    Independent    Shuttle
14    RAMCHARAN AHIRWAR    M    47    Independent    Almirah
15    LAXMI PRASAD AHIRWAR    M    40    Independent    Balloon
16    VRINDAVAN AHIRWAR    M    39    Independent    Gas Cylinder
17    SHRIPAT SHIKSHAK    M    37    Independent    Glass Tumbler
S12    7    30-Apr-09    MP    DAMOH    1    AHIR KAMLA YADAV    F    55    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    CHANDRABHAN BHAIYA    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SHIVRAJ BHAIYA    M    68    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    KASHIRAM ALIAS KAMLESH DHURVE    M    35    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Nagara
5    BHAGIRATH KURMI    M    64    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
6    MANOJ DEVALIYA    M    28    Bhartiya Jai Bheem Party    Bread
7    SHIVRAJ BHAIYA    M    36    Savarn Samaj Party    Brush
8    HARIRAM THAKUR    M    38    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Almirah
9    GAFFAR ALI    M    70    Independent    Balloon
10    GOPAL BHAIYA    M    45    Independent    Table Lamp
11    CHANDRABHAN BHAIYA JATASHANKAR COLONY DAMOH    M    45    Independent    Black Board
12    CHANDRABHAN BHAIYA PARSORIA NAHAR    M    37    Independent    Glass Tumbler
13    JAYANT BHAIYA    M    31    Independent    Shuttle
14    JANKI PRASAD    M    62    Independent    Sewing Machine
15    NANNE LAL    M    52    Independent    Banana
16    RAMPHOOL DAHAYAT    M    39    Independent    Coconut
17    VIJAY SINGH RAJPOOT    M    32    Independent    Saw
18    SHIVRAJ BHAIYA BADE THAKUR    M    25    Independent    Bat
19    SHIV RAJ ALIAS BADE BHAIYA    M    47    Independent    Kite
20    SHIVRAJ SINGH NAYAKHEDA APPCHAND    M    35    Independent    Stool
21    SHIVRAJ SINGH BANDA    M    34    Independent    Basket
S12    8    23-Apr-09    MP    KHAJURAHO    1    JAYAWANT SINGH    M    49    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    JEETENDRA SINGH    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAJA PATERYA    M    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SEWA LAL PATEL    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    M. SHAKIL    M    38    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Nagara
6    SAROJ BACHCHAN NAYAK    F    56    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
7    SURYA BHAN SINGH ‘YADAV GURUJI’    M    75    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
8    AKEEL KHAN    M    43    Independent    Television
9    AKANCHHA JAIN    F    34    Independent    Railway Engine
10    KRISHNA SHARAN SINGH (RAJA BHAIYA)    M    36    Independent    Ring
11    NARENDRA KUMAR    M    54    Independent    Shuttle
12    RAJENDRA AHIRWAR    M    43    Independent    Kite
13    RAM NATH LODHI    M    41    Independent    Coconut
14    SHABNAM (MAUSI)    F    48    Independent    Almirah
15    SHUKL SITARAM    M    48    Independent    Cup & Saucer
S12    9    23-Apr-09    MP    SATNA    1    GANESH SINGH    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    PT. RAJARAM TRIPATHI    M    56    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    SUKHLAL KUSHWAHA    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SUDHIR SINGH TOMAR    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ONKAR SINGH    M    56    Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party    Balloon
6    GIRJA SINGH PATEL    M    49    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
7    CHHOTELAL SINGH GOND    M    65    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Coconut
8    PRAMILA    F    43    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
9    B BALLABH CHARYA    M    38    Advait Ishwasyam Congress    Nagara
10    RAJESH SINGH BAGHEL    M    41    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Glass Tumbler
11    SHOBHNATH SEN    M    29    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
12    SUNDERLAL CHAUDHARI    M    64    Indian Justice Party    Banana
13    ASHOK KUMAR KUSHWAHA    M    33    Independent    Almirah
14    ASHOK KUSHWAHA    M    28    Independent    Kite
15    CHHOTELAL    M    59    Independent    Basket
16    BHAIYALAL URMALIYA    M    62    Independent    Bat
17    MANISH KUMAR JAIN    M    31    Independent    Diesel Pump
18    MUNNI KRANTI    F    44    Independent    Batsman
19    RAMVISHWAS BASORE    M    38    Independent    Sewing Machine
20    RAM SAJIVAN    M    46    Independent    Battery Torch
21    RAMAYAN CHAUDHARI    M    39    Independent    Black Board
S12    10    23-Apr-09    MP    REWA    1    CHANDRA MANI TRIPATHI    M    62    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    DEORAJ SINGH PATEL    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    PUSHPRAJ SINGH    M    48    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    SUNDER LAL TIWARI    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    BADRI PRASAD KUSHWAHA    M    47    Apna Dal    Nagara
6    RAMKISHAN NIRAT (SAKET)    M    32    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
7    RAMAYAN PRASAD PATEL    M    42    Yuva Vikas Party    Candles
8    VIMALA SONDHIA    F    53    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
9    SALMA    F    33    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
10    MD. AKEEL KHAN (BACHCHA BHAI)    M    34    Independent    Batsman
11    JAIKARAN SAKET    M    48    Independent    Basket
12    BRAHMDUTTMISHRA ALIAS CHHOTE MURAITHA    M    46    Independent    Comb
13    SUKHENDRA PRATAP    M    44    Independent    Balloon
14    SUNDAR LAL    M    37    Independent    Almirah
15    HIRALAL VISHWAKARMA    M    56    Independent    Banana
S12    11    23-Apr-09    MP    SIDHI    1    ASHOK KUMAR SHAH    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    INDRAJEET KUMAR    M    61    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    GOVIND PRASAD MISHRA    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    MANIK SINGH    M    43    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    LOLAR SINGH URETI    M    29    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Kite
6    VEENA SINGH NETI    F    34    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Glass Tumbler
7    BABOOLAL JAISWAL    M    39    Independent    Cot
8    MADAN MOHAN JAISWAL (ADVOCATE)    M    36    Independent    Black Board
9    MAHENDRA BHAIYA (DIKSHIT)    M    42    Independent    Jug
10    RAMAKANT PANDEY MALAIHNA    M    63    Independent    Walking Stick
11    VEENA SINGH (VEENA DIDI)    F    56    Independent    Coconut
S12    12    23-Apr-09    MP    SHAHDOL    1    CHANDRA PRATAP SINGH (BABA SAHAB)    M    51    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    NARENDRA SINGH MARAVI    M    29    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MANOHAR SINGH MARAVI    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RAJESH NANDINI SINGH    F    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    SADAN SINGH BHARIA    M    39    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
6    KRISHN PAL SINGH PAVEL    M    29    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
7    GANPAT GOND    M    38    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Nagara
8    RAM RATAN SINGH PAVLE    M    28    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
S12    13    23-Apr-09    MP    JABALPUR    1    AZIZ QURESHI    M    64    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA    M    40    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    RAKESH SINGH    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    ADVOCATE RAMESHWAR NEEKHRA    M    61    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    MEERCHAND PATEL (KACHHVAHA)    M    63    Republican Party of India    Railway Engine
6    RAVI MAHOBIA (KUNDAM)    M    29    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
7    RAJKUMARI SINGH    F    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
8    HARI SINGH MARAVI    M    36    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Nagara
9    DR. MUKESH MEHROTRA    M    57    Independent    Bat
10    RAKESH SONKAR (PRAMUKH DHAI AKSHAR)    M    39    Independent    Coconut
11    SUNIL PATEL    M    38    Independent    Kite
S12    14    23-Apr-09    MP    MANDLA    1    JALSO DHURWEY    F    25    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    FAGGAN SINGH KULASTE    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    BASORI SINGH MASRAM    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    UDAL SINGH DHURWEY    M    35    Loktanrik Sarkar Party    Coconut
5    JHANK SINGH KUSHRE    M    37    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Glass Tumbler
6    PREM SINGH MARAVI    M    35    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Scissors
7    BHAGAT SINGH VARKEDE    M    45    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
8    MANESHWARI NAIK    F    65    Republican Party of India (A)    Nagara
9    SUNITA NETI    F    33    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
10    CHANDRA SHEKHAR DHURWEY    M    46    Independent    Almirah
11    CHAMBAL SING MARAWEE    M    62    Independent    Brief Case
12    DEV SINGH BHALAVI    M    25    Independent    Tent
13    SHIVCHARAN UIKEY    M    26    Independent    Black Board
14    SAHDEO PRASAD MARAVI    M    43    Independent    Basket
S12    15    23-Apr-09    MP    BALAGHAT    1    AJAB LAL    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    KISHOR SAMRITE    M    42    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    KANKAR MUNJARE    M    52    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    K. D. DESHMUKH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    VISHVESHWAR BHAGAT    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    KALPANA GOPAL WASNIK    F    38    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
7    DARBU SINGH UIKEY    M    37    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Glass Tumbler
8    BHAIYA BALKRISHNA    M    53    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
9    ADVOCATE AZHAR UL ALIM    M    58    Independent    Almirah
10    ANJU ASHOK UIKEY    F    34    Independent    Scissors
11    GOVARDHAN PATLE URF HITLAR    M    75    Independent    Gas Cylinder
12    JITENDRA MESHRAM    M    37    Independent    Candles
13    DHANESHWAR LILHARE    M    40    Independent    Nagara
14    NYAZMIR KHAN    M    32    Independent    Kite
15    POORANLAL LODHI    M    37    Independent    Balloon
16    MANSINGH BISEN    M    59    Independent    Television
17    SANDEEP SANTRAM    M    31    Independent    Ice Cream
18    SHRIRAM THAKUR    M    58    Independent    Banana
S12    16    23-Apr-09    MP    CHHINDWARA    1    KAMAL NATH    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    MAROT RAO KHAVASE    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAO SAHEB SHINDE    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    JOGILAL IRPACHI    M    48    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Almirah
5    PARDHESHI HARTAPSAH TIRKAM    M    40    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Nagara
6    BALVEER SINGH YADAV    M    30    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Batsman
7    RAMKISHAN PAL    M    62    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
8    SATAP SHA UIKEY    M    35    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Cot
9    ABDUL SHAMAD KHAN    M    45    Independent    Shuttle
10    AMRITLAL PATHAK RAGHUVAR    M    70    Independent    Walking Stick
11    ASHARAM DEHARIYA    M    33    Independent    Diesel Pump
12    KAMALNATH (MAYAWADI-PARASIA)    M    31    Independent    Glass Tumbler
13    GANARAM UIKEY    M    53    Independent    Balloon
14    AZAD CHANDRASHEKHER PANDOLE SAMAJ SEVAK    M    42    Independent    Scissors
15    JAGDISH BAIS    M    35    Independent    Banana
16    TULSIRAM SURYAWANSHI    M    62    Independent    Pressure Cooker
17    DUARAM UIKEY    M    40    Independent    Black Board
18    DHANPAL BHALAVI    M    35    Independent    Camera
19    DHANRAJ JAMBHATKAR    M    37    Independent    Basket
20    NARESH KUMAR YUVNATI    M    33    Independent    Stool
21    NIKHILESH DHURVEY    M    30    Independent    Sewing Machine
22    PITRAM UIKEY    M    48    Independent    Candles
23    PRAVINDRA NAURATI    M    37    Independent    Television
24    MANMOHAN SHAH BATTI    M    46    Independent    Battery Torch
25    R.K. MARKAM    M    28    Independent    Kite
26    SHOAIB KHAN    M    44    Independent    Bread
27    SUKMAN INVATI    M    42    Independent    Bat
28    SUBHASH SHUKLA    M    40    Independent    Spoon
S12    17    23-Apr-09    MP    HOSHANGABAD    1    UDAY PRATAP SINGH    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    ADV.B.M.KAUSHIK    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    HAJAEE SYID MUEEN UDDIN    M    47    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    RAMPAL SINGH    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    DINESH KUMAR AHIRWAR    M    42    Independent    Basket
6    BHARAT KUMAR CHOUREY    M    29    Independent    Railway Engine
7    MOHAMMD ABDULLA    M    54    Independent    Camera
8    RAKHI GUPTA    F    31    Independent    Bread
9    RAMPAL    M    62    Independent    Nagara
10    SUDAMA PRASAD    M    55    Independent    Walking Stick
S12    18    23-Apr-09    MP    VIDISHA    1    DR.PREMSHANKAR SHARMA    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    CHOUDHARY MUNABBAR SALIM    M    50    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    SUSHMA SWARAJ    F    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    BHAI MUNSHILAL SILAWAT    M    25    Republican Party of India (A)    Nagara
5    RAMGOPAL MALVIYA    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
6    HARBHAJAN JANGRE    M    33    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
7    GANESHRAM LODHI    M    44    Independent    Jug
8    RAJESHWAR SINGH YADAV (RAO)    M    39    Independent    Walking Stick
S12    19    23-Apr-09    MP    BHOPAL    1    ER. ASHOK NARAYAN SINGH    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    KAILASH JOSHI    M    79    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MHOD. MUNAWAR KHAN KAUSAR    M    44    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    SURENDRA SINGH THAKUR    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ASHOK PAWAR    M    47    Prajatantrik Samadhan Party    Jug
6    AHIRWAR LAKHANLAL PURVI    M    42    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
7    KARAN KUMAR KAROSIA URF KARAN JEEJA    M    41    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
8    RADHESHYAM KULASTE    M    38    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Balloon
9    RAMDAS GHOSLE    M    54    Republican Party of India (Democratic )    Banana
10    SANJEEV SINGHAL    M    42    Savarn Samaj Party    Electric Pole
11    ANIL SINGH    M    30    Independent    Basket
12    AMAR SINGH    M    72    Independent    Nagara
13    KAPIL DUBEY    M    37    Independent    Batsman
14    D. C. GUJARKAR    M    52    Independent    Battery Torch
15    DARSHAN SINGH RATHORE    M    53    Independent    Almirah
16    BRAJENDRA CHATURVEDI URF GAPPU CHATURVEDI    M    35    Independent    Bread
17    DR. MAHESH YADAV ‘AMAN GANDHI’    M    40    Independent    Cup & Saucer
18    MUKESH SEN    M    32    Independent    Ring
19    MEHDI SIR    M    30    Independent    Black Board
20    RAJESH KUMAR YADAV    M    42    Independent    Coconut
21    RAM SAHAY YATRI (SHRIVASTAVA) URF RASHTRAVADI YATRI    M    79    Independent    Brief Case
22    SHAHNAWAZ    M    59    Independent    Bat
23    SHIV NARAYAN SINGH BAGWARE    M    60    Independent    Brush
S12    20    30-Apr-09    MP    RAJGARH    1    NARAYANSINGH AMLABE    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    LAKSHMAN SINGH    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SHIVNARAYAN AHIRWAR    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RAJESH RATELIYA    M    27    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
5    SHYAM SUNDER RATHI    M    50    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
6    INDER SING LODHI    M    34    Independent    Nagara
7    BALBIR CHOUDHARY PATRAKAR    M    52    Independent    Kite
8    LAXMAN VERMA    M    64    Independent    Basket
9    LAXMANSINGH AAMDOR    M    28    Independent    Shuttle
S12    21    30-Apr-09    MP    DEWAS    1    THAVARCHAND GEHLOT    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    BHAGIRATH PARIHAR    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SAJJAN SINGH VERMA    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    DR. GANGARAM JOGCHAND    M    34    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
5    JORAVAR SINGH DUDI    M    66    Prajatantrik Samadhan Party    Jug
6    BALRAM SUKHRAM KALYANE    M    57    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
7    JAYRAM SOLANKI    M    33    Independent    Glass Tumbler
8    THAVARSINGH    M    48    Independent    Shuttle
9    PRO. B.S. MALVIYA    M    66    Independent    Television
10    MOHAN SIH MALVIYA    M    28    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S12    22    30-Apr-09    MP    UJJAIN    1    GUDDU PREMCHAND    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    BABOOLAL THAWALIYA    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DR. SATYANARAYAN JATIYA    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    MADANLAL RAJORA    M    44    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
5    ASHOK NARAYAN    M    30    Independent    Banana
6    INDARALAL VARMA    M    58    Independent    Table
7    DINESH JATWA    M    30    Independent    Road Roller
8    LALCHAND BERWA GOME    M    52    Independent    Railway Engine
9    SHIVKUMAR GAUR    M    41    Independent    Kite
S12    23    30-Apr-09    MP    MANDSOUR    1    BHERULAL MALVIY (BALAI)    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    MEENAKSHI NATRAJAN    F    36    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    DR. LAXMINARAYAN PANDEY    M    80    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SHAIKH AZIZUDDEN QURAISHI    M    62    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
5    BANO BEE    F    61    Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh    Battery Torch
6    KAILASH NARAYAN RATNAWAT    M    54    Independent    Shuttle
7    P. DINESH NAGAR    M    36    Independent    Nagara
8    HAJI NISAR AHMED CHOUDHARY    M    75    Independent    Bat
9    MOINUDDIN KHAN PATHAN    M    31    Independent    Railway Engine
10    RAJENDRA SINGH GAUTAM    M    55    Independent    Kite
11    RAM DAYAL GUJRATI    M    62    Independent    Ice Cream
12    LAXMINARAYAN BHAGIRATH PATIDAR    M    30    Independent    Table Lamp
S12    24    30-Apr-09    MP    RATLAM    1    KANTILAL BHURIA    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    JEEVANLAL    M    38    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    DILEEPSINGH BHURIA    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    RAMESH SOLANKI    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    UDAYSINGH MACHAR    M    38    Republican Party of India (A)    Almirah
6    KALUSINGH BHABHR    M    27    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
7    JALAMSINGH PATEL    M    40    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
8    BHERUSING DAMOR    M    63    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
9    BHADIYA DABAR    M    49    Independent    Kite
10    RAMESHWOR SINGAR    M    32    Independent    Coconut
S12    25    30-Apr-09    MP    DHAR    1    AJAY RAWAT    M    27    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    GAJENDRASINGH RAJUKHEDI    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    MUKAMSINGH KIRADE    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    JITENDRASINGH BAGHEL    M    31    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
5    BAPUSINGH BAGHEL    M    31    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
6    RAM SINGH PATEL    M    65    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
7    KARANSINGH    M    45    Independent    Nagara
8    KHUMANSINGH BARIYA    M    48    Independent    Glass Tumbler
9    BHIMA BHURIYA    M    54    Independent    Almirah
10    MADAN BHAI AMLAWAR    M    49    Independent    Road Roller
11    HARIRAM PATEL DELMIWALA    M    39    Independent    Basket
S12    26    30-Apr-09    MP    INDORE    1    DR. ANITA YADAV    F    38    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    RAHIM KHAN    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SATYNARAYAN PATEL    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SUMITRA MAHAJAN (TAI)    F    65    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    SANJAY SINGH BHADORIYA (PAPPU)    M    45    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
6    MOHAN CHOUHAN MALVIYA    M    39    Prajatantrik Samadhan Party    Jug
7    RADHESHYAM MUKATI    M    38    Lokpriya Samaj Party    Bat
8    RAMSINGH    M    61    Republician Party of India Ektawadi    Gas Cylinder
9    SAMADHAN NAIK    M    59    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
10    AJIT KUMAR JAIN (PATWA)    M    60    Independent    Almirah
11    GAJENDRA SINGH GAUR    M    26    Independent    Shuttle
12    GHANSHYAM CHANDEL    M    50    Independent    Nagara
13    CHINTAN TRIVEDI    M    27    Independent    Electric Pole
14    NAND KISHORE SONI    M    48    Independent    Ring
15    PARMANAND METHARAM TOLANI    M    48    Independent    Kite
16    S. R. MANDLOI    M    27    Independent    Balloon
17    VISHNU DAS    M    54    Independent    Banana
18    SHIKHAR CHAND PATODI (JAIN)    M    52    Independent    Brief Case
S12    27    30-Apr-09    MP    KHARGONE    1    BHAI KIRNSINGH BADOLE (KIRESH)    M    29    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    D.R.BARDE    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    BALARAM BACHCHAN    M    42    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    MAKNSINGH SOLANKI (BABUJI)    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    SAKHARAM VERMA    M    61    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
6    GAJANAN AAPSING BRAHMANE    M    34    Independent    Maize
7    DONGER    M    39    Independent    Walking Stick
8    DAYARAM GHISYA    M    35    Independent    Scissors
9    FIFASINGH THAKUR    M    42    Independent    Slate
10    BHAGWAN CHOTHIYA    M    31    Independent    Whistle
11    RAMESHVAR DOGAREEYA RAWAT    M    27    Independent    Black Board
S12    28    30-Apr-09    MP    KHANDWA    1    ARUN SUBHASHCHANDRA YADAV    M    36    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    HAJI ZAKIR HUSSAIN DURRANY ENGINEER    M    46    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    NANDKUMAR SING CHAUHAN NANDU BHAIYA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DADA SAHEB WAMANRAO SASANE    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    NARGIS MOUSI    M    38    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
6    HAJI NOORULLA    M    46    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
7    MOHAN OJHA PARTE    M    38    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Nagara
8    HABIB SURUR    M    54    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Ladder
9    ABDUL GAFUR GUDDU PIRJI    M    56    Independent    Road Roller
10    NATHUSINGH CHAUHAN    M    66    Independent    Black Board
11    NAHARSINH BHAI    M    38    Independent    Maize
12    RAVINDRA LAL PARE    M    61    Independent    Coconut
13    BABA ABDUL HAMEED    M    64    Independent    Battery Torch
S12    29    23-Apr-09    MP    BETUL    1    OJHARAM EVANE    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    JYOTI DHURVE    F    43    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAMA KAKODIA    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    DR. SUKHDEV SINGH CHOUHAN    M    42    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    KALLUSINGH UIKEY    M    59    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Walking Stick
6    KADMU SINGH KUMARE (K.S.KUMARE)    M    59    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
7    GULABRAV    M    53    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
8    MANGAL SINGH LOKHANDE    M    51    Samajwadi Jan Parishad    Slate
9    SUSHILKUMAR ALIS BALUBHAIYYA    M    39    Republican Party of India (A)    Cot
10    IMRATLAL MARKAM    M    58    Independent    Ceiling Fan
11    KAMAL SING    M    45    Independent    Almirah
12    KADAKSHING VADIVA    M    27    Independent    Balloon
13    KRISHNA GOPAL PARTE    M    35    Independent    Harmonium
14    MOTIRAM MAVASE    M    48    Independent    Scissors
15    ADHIVAKTA SHANKAR PENDAM    M    66    Independent    Nagara
16    SUNIL KUMAR KAWADE    M    27    Independent    Kite
S13    1    23-Apr-09    MH    NANDURBAR    1    GAVIT MANIKRAO HODLYA    M    75    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    NATAWADKAR SUHAS JYANT    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    PADVI BABITA KARMSINGH    F    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    KOKANI MANJULABAI SAKHARAM    F    59    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
5    GAVIT SHARAD KRUSHNRAO    M    46    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    ABHIJIT AATYA VASAVE    M    30    Independent    Cup & Saucer
7    KOLI RAJU RAMDAS    M    34    Independent    Coconut
S13    2    23-Apr-09    MH    DHULE    1    AMARISHBHAI RASIKLAL PATEL    M    56    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    RIZWAN MO.AKBAR    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SONAWANE PRATAP NARAYANRAO    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    ANIL ANNA GOTE    M    61    Loksangram    Railway Engine
5    ANSARI MOHD. ISMAIL MOHD. IBRAHIM    M    37    Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh    Pressure Cooker
6    ARIF AHMED SHAIKH JAFHAR    M    99    Navbharat Nirman Party    Kite
7    KAVAYATRI-SONKANYA THAKUR RAJANI BAGWAN    F    49    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Television
8    NIHAL AHMED MOLVI. MOHAMMED USMAN    M    81    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
9    MD. ISMAIL JUMMAN    M    49    Independent    Almirah
10    KISHOR PITAMBAR AHIRE    M    28    Independent    Coconut
11    GAZI ATEZAD AHMED MUBEEN AHMED KHAN    M    57    Independent    Road Roller
12    GAIKWAD PATIL BHUSHAN BAJIRAO    M    28    Independent    Bat
13    DADASO. PANDITRAO PATIL KOKALEKAR    M    55    Independent    Cup & Saucer
14    SHEVALE PATIL SANDEEP JIBHAU    M    31    Independent    Camera
15    SONAWANE PANDIT UTTAMRAO    M    42    Independent    Balloon
S13    3    23-Apr-09    MH    JALGAON    1    A.T. NANA PATIL    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    ADV. MATIN AHMED    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    ADV. VASANTRAO JIVANRAO MORE    M    63    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    ATMARAM SURSING JADHAV (ENGG.)    M    33    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
5    JADHAV NATTHU SHANKAR    M    56    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
6    JANGALU DEVRAM SHIRSATH    M    65    Hindustan Janta Party    Ring
7    NANNAWARE CHAITANYA PANDIT    M    33    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
8    LAXMAN SHIVAJI SHIRSATH (PATIL)    M    42    Krantisena Maharashtra    Coconut
9    ANIL PITAMBAR WAGH (SIR)    M    38    Independent    Television
10    KANTILAL CHHAGAN NAIK (BANJARA)    M    39    Independent    Road Roller
11    WAGH SUDHAKAR ATMARAM    M    26    Independent    Cup & Saucer
12    SHALIGRAM SHIVRAM MAHAJAN (DEORE)    M    49    Independent    Almirah
13    SALIMODDIN ISAMODDIN SHE.(MISTARI)    M    56    Independent    Sewing Machine
S13    4    23-Apr-09    MH    RAVER    1    PATIL SURESH CHINDHU    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ADV. RAVINDRA PRALHADRAO PATIL    M    54    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    HARIBHAU MADHAV JAWALE    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    TELI SHAIKH ISMAIL HAJI HASAN    M    57    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
5    BAPU SAHEBRAO SONAWANE    M    45    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
6    MARATHE BHIMRAO PARBAT    M    51    Krantisena Maharashtra    Coconut
7    SHIVAVEER DNYANESHWAR VITTHAL AMALE URPH AMALE SARKAR    M    26    Shivrajya Party    Cup & Saucer
8    IQBAL ALAUDDIN TADVI    M    41    Independent    Ring
9    UTTAM KASHIRAM INGALE    M    36    Independent    Almirah
10    KOLI SANTOSH GOKUL    M    25    Independent    Whistle
11    FIRKE SURESH KACHARU EX ACP (CRPF)    M    58    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    MAKBUL FARID SK.    M    36    Independent    Iron
13    MOHD. MUNAWWAR MOHD. HANIF    M    45    Independent    Jug
14    MORE HIRAMAN BHONAJI    M    41    Independent    Bat
15    D.D. WANI (PHOTOGRAPHER) (DYNESHWAR DIWAKAR WANI)    M    43    Independent    Camera
16    VIVEK SHARAD PATIL    M    41    Independent    Banana
17    SHAIKH RAMJAN SHAIKH KARIM    M    40    Independent    Frock
18    SUJATA IBRAHIM TADAVI    F    45    Independent    Television
19    SANJAY PRALADH KANDELKAR    M    34    Independent    Road Roller
S13    5    16-Apr-09    MH    BULDHANA    1    JADHAV PRATAPRAO GANPATRAO    M    49    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
2    DANDGE VASANTRAO SUGDEO    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SHINGNE DR.RAJENDRA BHASKARRAO    M    48    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    AMARDEEP BALASAHEB DESHMUKH    M    27    Krantisena Maharashtra    Almirah
5    QURRASHI SK.SIKANDAR SK. SHAUKAT    M    33    Democratic Secular Party    Kite
6    GAJANAN RAJARAM SIRSAT    M    27    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
7    DHOKNE RAVINDRA TULSHRAMJI    M    44    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Television
8    FERAN CHADRAHAS JAGDEO    M    54    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Nagara
9    GANESH ARJUN ZORE    M    25    Independent    Ceiling Fan
10    TAYDE VITTHAL PANDHARI    M    56    Independent    Balloon
11    DEVIDAS PIRAJI SARKATE    M    35    Independent    Railway Engine
12    SY. BILAL SY. USMAN    M    38    Independent    Slate
13    BHARAT PUNJAJI SHINGANE    M    40    Independent    Coconut
14    RAJESH NILKANTHRAO TATHE    M    52    Independent    Ring
15    RATHOD CHHAGAN BABULAL    M    29    Independent    Bat
S13    6    16-Apr-09    MH    AKOLA    1    DHOTRE SANJAY SHAMRAO    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    BABASAHEB DHABEKAR    M    78    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    ATIK AHAMAD GU. JILANI    M    34    Democratic Secular Party    Nagara
4    AMBEDKAR PRAKASH YASHWANT    M    56    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
5    GANESH TULSHIRAM TATHE    M    49    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
6    DIPAK SHRIRAM TIRAKE    M    33    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
7    AJABRAO UTTAMRAO BHONGADE    M    36    Independent    Coconut
8    THAKURDAS GOVIND CHOUDHARI    M    39    Independent    Railway Engine
9    MUJAHID KHAN CHAND KHAN    M    42    Independent    Table
10    RAUT DEVIDAS ANANDRAO    M    45    Independent    Television
11    WASUDEORAO KHADE GURUJI    M    68    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S13    7    16-Apr-09    MH    AMRAVATI    1    ADSUL ANANDRAO VITHOBA    M    61    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
2    GANGADHAR GADE    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    UGLE SUNIL NAMDEV    M    32    Peoples Republican Party    Almirah
4    UBALE SHRIKRISHNA CHAMPATRAO    M    62    Ambedkarist Republican Party    Bat
5    KESHAV DASHARATH WANKHADE    M    38    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Railway Engine
6    GAWAI RAJENDRA RAMKRUSHNA    M    46    Republican Party of India    Kite
7    PRINCIPAL GOPICHAND SURYABHAN MESHRAM    M    52    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)    Slate
8    BARSE MANOHAR DAULATRAO    M    53    Indian Union Muslim League    Ceiling Fan
9    SAU MAMATA VINAYAK KANDALKAR    F    31    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
10    DR. HEMANTKUMAR RAMBHAU MAHURE    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Cup & Saucer
11    AMOL DEVIDASRAO JADHAV    M    25    Independent    Ring
12    UMAK SHRIKRUSHNA SHYAMRAO    M    57    Independent    Sewing Machine
13    BANDU SAMPATRAO SANE (BANDYA L.S.)    M    43    Independent    Road Roller
14    BHAURAO SHRIRAM CHHAPANE    M    38    Independent    Television
15    MITHUN HIRAMAN GAIKWAD    M    51    Independent    Black Board
16    PROF. MUKUND VITTHALRAO KHAIRE    M    51    Independent    Jug
17    DR. RAJIV GULABRAO JAMTHE    M    53    Independent    Coconut
18    RAJU MAHADEVRAO SONONE    M    38    Independent    Nagara
19    VISHWANATH GOTUJI JAMNEKAR    M    60    Independent    Pressure Cooker
20    SUDHAKAR VYANKAT RAMTEKE (MAJI SAINIK)    M    25    Independent    Whistle
21    ADV. SUDHIR HIRAMAN TAYADE    M    42    Independent    Scissors
22    SUNIL PRABHU RAMTEKE    M    37    Independent    Candles
S13    8    16-Apr-09    MH    WARDHA    1    KANGALE BIPIN BABASAHEB    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    DATTA MEGHE    M    72    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SURESH GANPATRAO WAGHMARE    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DIWATE RAMESH MADHAORAO    M    46    Krantisena Maharashtra    Almirah
5    NARAYANRAO RAMJI CHIDAM    M    68    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Gas Cylinder
6    DR. NITIN KESHORAO CHAVAN    M    46    Peoples Republican Party    Cup & Saucer
7    PYARE SAHAB SHEIKH KARIM    M    41    Democratic Secular Party    Kite
8    BHOSE KAILAS VISHWASRAO    M    36    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Nagara
9    ADV. SURESH SHINDE    M    42    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
10    SANGITA SUNIL ALIAS SONU KAMBLE    F    33    Ambedkarist Republican Party    Bat
11    ISHWARKUMAR SHANKARRAO GHARPURE    M    50    Independent    Balloon
12    GUNWANT TUKARAMJI DAWANDE    M    70    Independent    Television
13    JAGANNATH NILKANTHRAO RAUT    M    54    Independent    Basket
14    TAGADE VISHWESHWAR AWADHUTRAO    M    47    Independent    Banana
15    RAMTEKE PRAKASH BAKARAM    M    60    Independent    Batsman
16    SARANG PRAKASHRAO YAWALKAR    M    31    Independent    Battery Torch
S13    9    16-Apr-09    MH    RAMTEK    1    TUMANE KRUPAL BALAJI    M    43    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
2    PRAKASHBHAU KISHAN TEMBHURNE    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    WASNIK MUKUL BALKRISHNA    M    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    KUMBHARE SULEKHA NARAYAN    F    49    Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch    Table Lamp
5    DESHPANDE SANJAY SAOJI    M    44    Hindustan Janta Party    Sewing Machine
6    NAGARKAR PRASHANT HANSRAJ    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Railway Engine
7    NANDKISHOR SADHUJI DONGRE    M    34    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Cup & Saucer
8    BAGDE SUJEET WASUDEORAO    M    43    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
9    PROF. BORKAR PRADIP DARYAV    M    48    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)    Road Roller
10    MAYATAI CHAWRE (UTWAL)    F    37    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
11    VIKAS RAJARAM DAMLE    M    41    Republican Party of India (Khobragade)    Slate
12    SEEMA JEEVAN RAMTEKE    F    36    Democratic Secular Party    Kite
13    SANDIP SHESHRAO GAJBHIYE    M    36    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Nagara
14    ASHISH ARUN NAGARARE    M    28    Independent    Bat
15    KHUSHAL UDARAMJI TUMANE    M    53    Independent    Glass Tumbler
16    DHONE ANIL    M    43    Independent    Television
17    ADV. DUPARE ULHAS SHALIKRAM    M    42    Independent    Almirah
18    BARWE MADHUKAR DOMAJI    M    43    Independent    Gas Cylinder
19    ADV. YUVRAJ ANANDRAOJI BAGDE    M    34    Independent    Hat
20    SURESH MANGALDAS BORKAR    M    33    Independent    Maize
S13    10    16-Apr-09    MH    NAGPUR    1    PUROHIT BANWARILAL BHAGWANDAS    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    ENGINEER MANIKRAO VAIDYA    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    MUTTEMWAR VILASRAO BABURAOJI    M    60    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    ARUN SHAMRAO JOSHI    M    58    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Coconut
5    KUMBHARE SULEKHA NARAYAN    F    49    Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch    Table Lamp
6    ADV. GAJANAN SADASHIV KAWALE    M    51    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)    Road Roller
7    DILIP MANGAL MADAVI    M    44    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Cup & Saucer
8    MEHMOOD KHAN RAHEEM KHAN    M    27    Democratic Secular Party    Kite
9    DR. YASHWANT MANOHAR    M    66    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Slate
10    RAUT RAMESHCHANDRA    M    56    Prabuddha Republican Party    Camera
11    RAJESH SUKHDEV GAIKWAD    M    32    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
12    ADV. VASANTA UMRE    M    50    Democratic Party of India    Railway Engine
13    SOMKUWAR VIJAY SITARAM    M    41    Ambedkarist Republican Party    Hat
14    AZIZUR REHMAN SHEIKH    M    46    Independent    Nagara
15    ASHISH ARUN NAGRARE    M    28    Independent    Banana
16    ADV. UPASHA BANSI TAYWADE    M    67    Independent    Letter Box
17    JAGDISH RAGHUNATH AMBADE    M    44    Independent    Black Board
18    PRATIBHA UDAY KHAPARDE    F    35    Independent    Ceiling Fan
19    PREMDAS RAMCHANDRA RAMTEKE    M    48    Independent    Gas Cylinder
20    BARAPATRE CHANDRABHAN SOMAJI    M    48    Independent    Television
21    BALASAHEB ALIAS PRAMOD RAMAJI SHAMBHARKAR    M    40    Independent    Almirah
22    MOHAMAD HABIB REEZAVI    M    50    Independent    Basket
23    RAJESHKUMAR MOHANLAL PUGALIA    M    37    Independent    Electric Pole
24    RAHUL MADHUKAR DESHMUKH    M    34    Independent    Battery Torch
25    VIJAY DEVRAO DHAKATE    M    26    Independent    Sewing Machine
26    SUNIL GAYAPRASAD MISHRA    M    41    Independent    Batsman
27    PROF. DNYANESH WAKUDKAR    M    52    Independent    Bat
S13    11    16-Apr-09    MH    BHANDARA – GONDIYA    1    GANVIR SHIVKUMAR NAGARCHI    M    56    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    JAISWAL VIRENDRAKUMAR KASTURCHAND    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    PATLE SHISHUPAL NATTHUJI    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    PATEL PRAFUL MANOHARBHAI    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
5    UNDIRWADE HEMANT JAGIVAN    M    45    Prabuddha Republican Party    Ring
6    JAMAIWAR SUNIL PARASRAM    M    38    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
7    PATHAN MUSHTAK LATIF    M    32    Democratic Secular Party    Nagara
8    PRATIBHA VASANT PIMPALKAR    F    38    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
9    WASNIK SUNIL MANIRAM    M    38    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)    Railway Engine
10    UKEY CHINDHUJI LAKHAJI    M    50    Independent    Sewing Machine
11    GAJBHIYE BRAMHASWARUP BABURAO    M    33    Independent    Road Roller
12    GAJBHIYE RAJENDRA MAHADEO    M    35    Independent    Stool
13    ADV. DHANANJAY SHAMLALJI RAJABHOJ    M    50    Independent    Gas Cylinder
14    NANABHAU FALGUNRAO PATOLE    M    47    Independent    Basket
15    PATLE AKARSING SITARAM    M    36    Independent    Television
16    PROF. DR. BHASKARRAO MAHADEORAO JIBHAKATE    M    63    Independent    Ceiling Fan
17    MIRZA WAHIDBEG AHAMADBEG    M    33    Independent    Table Lamp
18    YELE GANESHRAM SUKHRAM    M    54    Independent    Coconut
19    RAHANGADALE MULCHAND OLGAN    M    56    Independent    Harmonium
20    DR. RAMSAJIVAN KAWDU LILHARE    M    60    Independent    Slate
21    SADANAND SHRAWANJI GANVIR    M    40    Independent    Jug
S13    12    16-Apr-09    MH    GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR    1    ASHOK MAHADEORAO NETE    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    ATRAM RAJE SATYAWANRAO    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    KOWASE MAROTRAO SAINUJI    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    NAMDEO ANANDRAO KANNAKE    M    50    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
5    PROFFESOR KHANDALE KAWDU TULSHIRAM    M    69    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
6    ADV. DADMAL PRABHAKAR MAHAGUJI    M    54    Peoples Republican Party    Railway Engine
7    PENDAM DIWAKAR GULAB    M    38    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
8    PENDAM PURUSHOTTAM ZITUJI    M    35    Democratic Secular Party    Nagara
9    VIJAY SURAJSING MADAVI    M    39    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Cup & Saucer
10    JAMBHULE NARAYAN DINABAJI    M    54    Independent    Basket
11    DINESH TUKARAM MADAVI    M    28    Independent    Ring
S13    13    16-Apr-09    MH    CHANDRAPUR    1    AHIR HANSARAJ GANGARAM    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    PUGALIA NARESH    M    60    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    ADV. HAZARE DATTABHAU KRUSHNARAO    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    KHARTAD LOMESH MAROTI    M    55    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
5    KHOBRAGADE DESHAK GIRISHBABU    M    38    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
6    CHATAP WAMAN SADASHIVRAO    M    58    Swatantra Bharat Paksha    Television
7    JAWED ABDUL KURESHI ALIAS PROF. JAWED PASHA    M    47    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Sewing Machine
8    JITENDRA ADAKU RAUT    M    32    Akhil Bhartiya Manavata Paksha    Ceiling Fan
9    DANGE NATTHU BHAURAO    M    41    Ambedkarist Republican Party    Bat
10    PATHAN A. RAZZAK KHAN HAYAT KHAN    M    44    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
11    MASRAM NIRANJAN SHIVRAM    M    42    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Cup & Saucer
12    KALE DAMODHAR LAXMAN    M    85    Independent    Frock
13    QURESHI IKHALAQ MOHD. YUSUF    M    51    Independent    Candles
14    GODE NARAYAN SHAHUJI    M    42    Independent    Balloon
15    DEKATE BHASKAR PARASHRAM    M    55    Independent    Road Roller
16    MADHUKAR VITTHALRAO NISTANE    M    43    Independent    Gas Cylinder
17    MESHRAM CHARANDAS JANGLUJI    M    65    Independent    Railway Engine
18    RAMESH RAGHOBAJI TAJNE    M    45    Independent    Almirah
19    VINOD DINANATH MESHRAM    M    34    Independent    Banana
20    VIRENDRA TARACHANDJI PUGLIA    M    53    Independent    Batsman
21    SHATRUGHN VYANKATRAO SONPIMPLE    M    37    Independent    Coat
22    SANJAY NILKANTH GAWANDE    M    45    Independent    Ring
23    HIWARKAR SUDHIR MOTIRAMJI    M    43    Independent    Coconut
S13    14    16-Apr-09    MH    YAVATMAL-WASHIM    1    YEDATKAR DILIP LAXMANRAO    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    BHAVANA GAWALI (PATIL)    F    36    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
3    HARISING RATHOD    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    UTTAM BHAGAJI KAMBLE    M    41    Prabuddha Republican Party    Kite
5    KURESHI SK. MEHBUB SK.FATTU    M    44    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Television
6    KWAJA NASIRODDINE KHAN    M    29    Democratic Secular Party    Nagara
7    GAJANAN KASHIRAM PATIL (HEMBADE)    M    26    Krantisena Maharashtra    Coconut
8    DHAGE VITTHAL MAHADEV    M    45    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
9    MANIYAR YUNUS MAHMOOD ZAHMI    M    50    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
10    MOHMMAD KHAN AZIZ KHAN    M    43    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
11    ATHAWALE SADANAND PRALHADRAO    M    39    Independent    Almirah
12    GAJANAN BURMAL DODWADE    M    36    Independent    Scissors
13    NETAJI SITARAMJI KINAKE    M    58    Independent    Road Roller
14    NANDKISHOR NARAYANRAO THAKARE    M    34    Independent    Candles
15    PAWAR RAMESH GORSING    M    53    Independent    Balloon
16    PURUSHOTTAM DOMAJI BHAJGAWRE    M    48    Independent    Railway Engine
17    MADHUKAR SHIVDASPPA GORATE    M    67    Independent    Gas Cylinder
18    MANOJ JANARDAN PATIL    M    38    Independent    Maize
19    MUKHADE SAU. LALITARAI SUBHASHRAO    F    32    Independent    Sewing Machine
20    MESHRAM BANDU GANPAT    M    40    Independent    Basket
21    MOHD. INAMURRAHIM MOHD. MUSA    M    51    Independent    Ceiling Fan
22    RAVINDRA ALIAS RAVIPAL MADHUKARRAO GANDHE    M    32    Independent    Batsman
23    RAJKUMAR NARAYAN BHUJADALE    M    35    Independent    Dolli
24    RATHOD DEVISING RAMA    M    56    Independent    Ring
25    SD. VHIDODDIN SD. KRIMODDIN    M    44    Independent    Banana
26    VISHNU KASINATH TAWKAR    M    47    Independent    Glass Tumbler
27    SURESH BABAN PEDEKAR    M    33    Independent    Diesel Pump
28    SURESH BHIVA TARAL    M    29    Independent    Frock
S13    15    16-Apr-09    MH    HINGOLI    1    DR. B.D. CHAVHAN    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    SUBHASH BAPURAO WANDHEDE    M    46    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
3    SURYAKANTA JAIWANTRAO PATIL    F    63    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    UTTAMRAO DAGADUJI BHAGAT    M    65    Prabuddha Republican Party    Slate
5    AJAS NOORMINYA    M    32    Democratic Secular Party    Nagara
6    NAIK MADHAVRAO BAHENARAO    M    65    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
7    VINAYAK SHRIRAM BHISE    M    27    Krantisena Maharashtra    Cup & Saucer
8    GUNDEKAR SANJAY ADELU    M    35    Independent    Almirah
9    PATHAN SATTAR KASIMKHAN    M    38    Independent    Sewing Machine
10    PACHPUTE RAMPRASAD KISHANRAO    M    41    Independent    Television
11    MD. A. MUJIM ANSARI A.    M    33    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S13    16    16-Apr-09    MH    NANDED    1    KHATGAONK PATIL BHASKARRAO BAPURAO    M    65    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    MD. MAKBUL SALIM HAJI MD. KHAJA    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SAMBHAJI PAWAR    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    ALTAF AHMAD EAKBAL AHMAD    M    43    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Sewing Machine
5    KHADE SANJAY WAMANRAO    M    29    Prabuddha Republican Party    Maize
6    TIWARI RAMA BHAGIRAT    F    40    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Television
7    ADV. C.S. BAHETI    M    56    Janata Party    Railway Engine
8    MORE RAJESH EKNATHRAO    M    34    Krantisena Maharashtra    Cup & Saucer
9    A. RAEES A. JABBAR    M    36    Ambedkar National Congress    Kite
10    SHINDE PREETI MADHUKAR    F    27    Jan Surajya Shakti    Coconut
11    SHUDHIR YASHWANT SURVE    M    40    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
12    COM. ASHOK NAGORAO GHAYALE    M    40    Independent    Road Roller
13    ANAND JADHAV HOTALKAR    M    42    Independent    Camera
14    KOREWAR BALAJI NARSING    M    38    Independent    Ring
15    JADHAV VISHNU MAROTI    M    35    Independent    Stool
16    NAVGHARE ANAND PANDURANG    M    48    Independent    Gas Cylinder
17    NARAYAN SURYAVANSHI DOANGONKAR    M    63    Independent    Slate
18    PATHAN ZAFAR ALI KHAN MAHEMUD ALI KHAN    M    63    Independent    Almirah
19    ‘AIDS MAN’ PRAKASH TATERAO LANDGE    M    40    Independent    Bat
20    BHARANDE RAMCHANDRA GANGARAM    M    31    Independent    Basket
21    ADV. RAMRAO PANDURANG WAGHMARE    M    52    Independent    Ceiling Fan
22    HANMANTE VIJAY CHANDRAO    M    35    Independent    Balloon
S13    17    16-Apr-09    MH    PARBHANI    1    ADV. DUDHGAONKAR GANESHRAO NAGORAO    M    64    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
2    RAJSHRI BABASAHEB JAMAGE    F    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    WARPUDKAR SURESH AMBADASRAO    M    60    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    AJIM AHMED KHAN AJIJ KHAN    M    32    Democratic Secular Party    Nagara
5    ASHOKRAO BABARAO AMBHORE    M    46    Ambedkar National Congress    Bat
6    KACHOLE MANAVENDRA SAWALARAM    M    65    Swatantra Bharat Paksha    Kite
7    KALE VYANKATRAO BHIMRAO    M    31    Krantisena Maharashtra    Coconut
8    NAMDEV LIMBAJI KACHAVE    M    68    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
9    BHAND GANGADHAR SAKHARAM    M    70    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Television
10    MULE BABAN DATTARAO    M    41    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
11    RUMALE TUKARAM DHONDIBA    M    51    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
12    SAYYAD EKRAMODDIN SAYYAD MUNIRODDIN    M    58    Lok Vikas Party    Ring
13    ASAD BIN ABDULLAHA BIN    M    43    Independent    Candles
14    JAMEEL AHMED SK. AHMED    M    44    Independent    Road Roller
15    DR. DESHMUKH KISHANRAO JANARDHANRAO (EX-SERVICEMAN)    M    74    Independent    Iron
16    RATHOD RAMRAO DHANSING SIR    M    58    Independent    Jug
17    SHINDE LAXMAN EKANATH    M    36    Independent    Sewing Machine
18    SAMAR GORAKHNATH PAWAR    M    41    Independent    Gas Cylinder
19    SALVE SUDHAKAR UMAJI    M    47    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S13    18    23-Apr-09    MH    JALNA    1    DR. KALE KALYAN VAIJINATHRAO    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    DANVE RAOSAHEB DADARAO    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RATHOD RAJPALSINH GABRUSINH    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    AAPPASAHEB RADHAKISAN KUDHEKAR    M    29    Krantisena Maharashtra    Coconut
5    KISAN BALVANTA BORDE    M    61    Prabuddha Republican Party    Cup & Saucer
6    KHARAT ASHOK RAMRAO    M    51    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Bat
7    TAWAR KAILAS BHAUSAHEB    M    45    Swatantra Bharat Paksha    Railway Engine
8    DR. DILAWAR MIRZA BAIG    M    29    Indian Union Muslim League    Kite
9    BHOJNE BABASAHEB SANGAM    M    37    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Ceiling Fan
10    MISAL TUKARAM BABURAOJI    M    48    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
11    RATNAPARKHE ARCHANA SUDHAKAR    F    31    Republician Party of India Ektawadi    Almirah
12    SUBHASH FAKIRA SALVE    M    43    Ambedkar National Congress    Sewing Machine
13    SAYYAD MAKSUD NOOR    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
14    KOLTE MANOJ NEMINATH    M    26    Independent    Shuttle
15    KHANDU HARISHCHANDRA LAGHANE    M    30    Independent    Balloon
16    NADE DNYANESHWAR DAGDU    M    41    Independent    Road Roller
17    BABASAHEB PATIL SHINDE    M    53    Independent    Batsman
18    SONWANE ASHOK VITTHAL    M    45    Independent    Television
19    S. HUSAIN AHEMAD    M    37    Independent    Candles
S13    19    23-Apr-09    MH    AURANGABAD    1    UTTAMSINGH RAJDHARSINGH PAWAR    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    CHANDRAKANT KHAIRE    M    57    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
3    SAYYED SALIM SAYYED YUSUF    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    JAHAGIRDAR MOHMAD AYUB GULAM    M    55    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    JYOTI RAMCHANDRA UPADHAYAY    F    35    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
6    PANDURANG WAMANRAO NARWADE    M    39    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
7    BHIMSEN RAMBHAU KAMBLE    M    44    Republician Party of India Ektawadi    Sewing Machine
8    MANIK RAMU SHINDE    M    34    Krantisena Maharashtra    Coconut
9    SHAIKH HARUN MALIK SAHEB    M    50    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
10    UTTAM MANIK KIRTIKAR    M    30    Independent    Slate
11    EJAZ KHAN BISMILLAH KHAN    M    33    Independent    Comb
12    KAZI MUSHIRODDIN TAJODDIN    M    63    Independent    Nagara
13    KRISHNA DEVIDAS JADHAV    M    25    Independent    Maize
14    JADHAV TOTARAM GANPAT    M    51    Independent    Basket
15    JADHAV VISHNU SURYABHAN    M    50    Independent    Television
16    JADHAV SUBHASH RUPCHAND    M    33    Independent    Pressure Cooker
17    BANKAR MILIND RANUJI    M    38    Independent    Batsman
18    SHANTIGIRIJI MOUNGIRIJI MAHARAJ    M    50    Independent    Dolli
19    SHAIKH RAFIQ SHAIKH RAZZAK    M    30    Independent    Ceiling Fan
20    SHAIKH SALIM PATEL WAHEGAONKAR    M    38    Independent    Road Roller
21    SAYYED RAUF SAYYED ZAMIR    M    54    Independent    Ring
22    SUBHASH KISANRAO PATIL (JADHAV)    M    47    Independent    Whistle
S13    20    23-Apr-09    MH    DINDORI    1    GAVIT JEEVA PANDU    M    60    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    GANGURDE DIPAK SHANKAR    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    CHAVAN HARISHCHANDRA DEORAM    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    ZIRWAL NARHARI SITARAM    M    50    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
5    PAWAR SAMPAT WAMAN    M    30    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
6    GANGURDE BALU KISAN    M    37    Independent    Camera
7    BHIKA HARISING BARDE    M    75    Independent    Railway Engine
8    VIJAY NAMDEO PAWAR    M    45    Independent    Almirah
9    SHANKAR DEORAM GANGUDE    M    51    Independent    Cup & Saucer
S13    21    23-Apr-09    MH    NASHIK    1    GAIKWAD DATTA NAMDEO    M    47    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
2    SAMEER BHUJBAL    M    35    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    SHRIMAHANT SUDHIRDAS MAHARAJ    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    KAILAS MADHUKAR CHAVAN    M    28    Indian Justice Party    Slate
5    GODSE HEMANT TUKARAM    M    38    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Railway Engine
6    JADHAV NAMDEO BHIKAJI    M    57    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
7    RAYATE VIJAY SAKHARAM ( RAYATE SIR)    M    52    Hindustan Janta Party    Candles
8    AD. GULVE RAMNATH SANTUJI    M    42    Independent    Batsman
9    DATTU GONYA GAIKWAD    M    50    Independent    Electric Pole
10    PRAVINCHANDRA DATTARAM DETHE    M    42    Independent    Walking Stick
11    BHARAT HIRMAN PARDESHI    M    37    Independent    Television
12    RAJENDRA SAMPATRAO KADU    M    35    Independent    Coconut
S13    22    30-Apr-09    MH    PALGHAR    1    KOM LAHANU SHIDVA    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    ADV. CHINTAMAN NAVSHA VANGA    M    58    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    DALAVI BHASKAR LADKU    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SHINGADA DAMODAR BARKU    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    CHANDRAKANT BALU PHUPANE    M    42    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Saw
6    JADHAV BALIRAM SUKUR    M    55    Bahujan Vikas Aaghadi    Whistle
7    DR. KASHIRAM MAHADU DHONDAGHA    M    28    Independent    Coconut
8    PANDURANG JETHYA PARADHI    M    49    Independent    Railway Engine
S13    23    30-Apr-09    MH    BHIWANDI    1    TAWARE SURESH KASHINATH    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PATIL JAGANNATH SHIVRAM    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    V.G.PATIL    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    AJIM GANI SHEKH    M    36    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
5    ISMAIL SHAIKH LATIF    M    32    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
6    DEVRAJ KISAN MHATRE    M    49    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Nagara
7    R.R. PATIL    M    67    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
8    MURTUZA MUZAFFAR SHAIKH    M    53    Navbharat Nirman Party    Candles
9    SHASHIKANT MOTIRAM KATHORE    M    30    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
10    SHAIKH MEHBOOB BASHA VALI    M    42    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
11    GURUNATH UNDRYA NAIK    M    32    Independent    Hat
12    DATTU GANAPAT BHOIR    M    53    Independent    Gas Cylinder
13    MAHENDRA KERU WADHVINDE    M    54    Independent    Electric Pole
14    MAHENDRA R. MOHITE    M    43    Independent    Coconut
15    VIKAS SAKHARAM NIKAM    M    30    Independent    Bat
16    VISHWANATH R. PATIL    M    54    Independent    Television
S13    24    30-Apr-09    MH    KALYAN    1    ANAND PRAKASH PARANJAPE    M    36    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
2    KHAN KAMRUDDIN A. GANI    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DAWKHARE VASANT SHANKARRAO    M    59    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    AZAMI MUHAMMAD MAROOF NASIM    M    42    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
5    KHAN AYAD MOHAMMAD NEBAS ALI    M    72    Indian Union Muslim League    Kite
6    NARENDRA WAMAN MORE    M    45    Peoples Republican Party    Almirah
7    VAISHALI DAREKAR-RANE    F    34    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Railway Engine
8    ADV.S.S.SALVE RETIRED JUDGE    M    63    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Television
9    SAYYAD HASINA MOHAMMED NASEEM    F    45    Navbharat Nirman Party    Whistle
10    HRUDHAYNATH BAPU WAGHODE ALIAS BALABHAU    M    29    Krantisena Maharashtra    Dolli
11    ALOK SINGH CHOTELAL    M    34    Independent    Coconut
12    GOVARDHAN CHANGO BHAGAT    M    64    Independent    Gas Cylinder
13    DHANANJAY BAPPASAHEB JOGDAND    M    28    Independent    Bat
14    COM. BABAN KAMBLE    M    40    Independent    Sewing Machine
15    BHANUSHALI LAXMINDAS VELJI    M    49    Independent    Batsman
16    MOHHAMAD YUSUF FAROOKH KHAN    M    32    Independent    Walking Stick
17    VADHVINDE MAHENDRA KERU    M    54    Independent    Balloon
18    SHIRSE RAMSINGH UKHAJI    M    35    Independent    Table
19    SIDDIQUE ASFAQUE ALI    M    46    Independent    Road Roller
20    SURESH RAM PANDAGALE    M    35    Independent    Candles
S13    25    30-Apr-09    MH    THANE    1    AVANINDRA KUMAR TRIPATHI    M    28    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    CHAUGULE VIJAY LAXMAN    M    47    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
3    DR.SANJEEV GANESH NAIK    M    37    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    KAMLAKAR ANAND TAYDE    M    44    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
5    JAIN SEEMA MAHENDRA    F    36    Peoples Republican Party    Hat
6    PATHAN JAVEED KAMIL KHAN    M    28    Navbharat Nirman Party    Whistle
7    PARAG HANUMANT NEWALKAR    M    32    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Road Roller
8    BERNARDSHAW DAVID NADAR    M    50    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)    Coconut
9    MAHESH RATHI “CHANAKYA”    M    49    Rashtravadi Janata Party    Railway Engine
10    RAJAN RAJE    M    51    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Nagara
11    SINGH RAJESH MUNNILAL    M    33    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
12    AHMAD AFJAL SHAIKH    M    34    Independent    Ceiling Fan
13    KAMBLE SACHIN SHIRPAT    M    29    Independent    Sewing Machine
14    KUMAR K.    M    42    Independent    Walking Stick
15    KHAN FIROZ YUSUFKHAN    M    33    Independent    Batsman
16    GAUD FAUJDAR RANGI    M    61    Independent    Gas Cylinder
17    CHETAN PRAKASH JADHAV    M    27    Independent    Candles
18    JAIPRAKASH NARAYAN BHANDE    M    34    Independent    Camera
19    R.D. TAMBE    M    66    Independent    Balloon
20    PARANJAPE DIPSHREE DEEPAK    F    37    Independent    Banana
21    PRAMOD INGALE    M    44    Independent    Ring
22    FREDI ALBERT BHANGA    M    45    Independent    Almirah
23    MURLIDHAR KRUSNA PAWAR    M    68    Independent    Jug
24    MANGESH BHARAT KHADE    M    30    Independent    Battery Torch
25    MOH. RIZWAN ABDULLA PATEL    M    54    Independent    Slate
26    VIJAY CHAUGULE    M    35    Independent    Table
27    VIDYADHAR LAXMAN JOSHI    M    44    Independent    Basket
28    VILAS DIPAK KHAMBE    M    51    Independent    Gas Stove
29    SAYED SHAFIQ AHMED ZOIDI    M    31    Independent    Bat
30    SWATANTRA KUMAR PARMANAND ANAND    M    57    Independent    Television
S13    26    30-Apr-09    MH    MUMBAI NORTH    1    RAM NAIK    M    74    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    LAKHMENDRA KHURANA    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SANJAY BRIJKISHORLAL NIRUPAM    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    USMAN THIM    M    41    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    KAILAS KATHAJI CHAVAN    M    36    Prabuddha Republican Party    Kite
6    PARKAR SHIRISH LAXMAN    M    45    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Railway Engine
7    RAMESH KUMAR R. SINGH    M    40    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Coconut
8    RAJENDRA J. THACKER    M    51    Professionals Party of India    Candles
9    DR. LEO REBELLO    M    58    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Television
10    SANGEETA SHETTY LOKHANDE    F    38    Peoples Party of India(secular)    Cup & Saucer
11    AD ARUN R. KEJRIWAL    M    36    Independent    Battery Torch
12    KALYAN BHIMA GALPHADE    M    37    Independent    Almirah
13    GOPAL RAGHUNATH JAMSANDEKAR    M    63    Independent    Balloon
14    JAMNA PRASAD GANGAPRASAD PATEL    M    49    Independent    Basket
15    JAHIR HUSSEIN ABDUL GANI HAVALDAR    M    30    Independent    Batsman
16    BHANDARI RAMESH SUKUR    M    50    Independent    Black Board
17    MAHENDRA TUKARAM AHIRE    M    41    Independent    Comb
18    RAKESH D. KUMAR    M    33    Independent    Whistle
19    VASHRAMBHAI MOHANBHAI PATEL    M    54    Independent    Nagara
20    SHYAM TIPANNA KURADE    M    43    Independent    Gas Cylinder
21    SUBODH GIRDHARI RANJAN    M    35    Independent    Ceiling Fan
22    SUBHASH PARSHURAM KHANVILKAR    M    44    Independent    Bat
23    SURENDRA AMBALAL PATEL    M    53    Independent    Banana
S13    27    30-Apr-09    MH    MUMBAI NORTH WEST    1    ATHAR SIDDIQUI    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    AD.KAMAT GURUDAS VASANT    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    GAJANAN KIRTIKAR    M    65    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
4    AGGARWAL RISHI DHARAMPAL    M    34    Jago Party    Balloon
5    ABU ASIM AZMI    M    53    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    JADHAV BHIKAJI GANGARAM    M    48    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
7    THAKARE SHALINI JITENDRA    F    40    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Railway Engine
8    TAWADE DILIP NARAYAN    M    51    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
9    PAWAR SUBHASH PANDURANG    M    37    Prabuddha Republican Party    Cup & Saucer
10    VAIJANATH SANGRAM GAIKWAD    M    37    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
11    ANITA RAMKRUSHAN RUPAWATE    F    35    Independent    Comb
12    KAMBLE SATISH KISAN    M    45    Independent    Batsman
13    DAYANAND NIVRUTI KAMBLE    M    41    Independent    Hat
14    DHOTRE MARUTI YAMNAPPA    M    47    Independent    Ceiling Fan
15    NINAD MANJARDEKAR    M    34    Independent    Bat
16    PRAMOD SITARAM KASURDE    M    37    Independent    Ring
17    BHATIA RIPUDAMAN SINGH    M    66    Independent    Table Lamp
18    MOHAMMED RAFIQ ABDUL RAZAK SHAIKH    M    54    Independent    Slate
19    MAHADEV LIMBAJI GALPHADE    M    38    Independent    Coconut
20    DR. VIJAY BHAVE    M    48    Independent    Battery Torch
21    SANTOSH PANDURANG CHAIKE    M    35    Independent    Camera
S13    28    30-Apr-09    MH    MUMBAI NORTH EAST    1    ASHOK CHANDRAPAL SINGH    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    KIRIT SOMAIYA    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SANJAY DINA PATIL    M    40    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    KOKARE SANJAY DHAKU    M    43    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
5    MANISHA MUKESH GADE    F    34    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
6    VISHWANATH DATTU PATIL    M    43    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
7    SHISHIR SHINDE    M    55    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Railway Engine
8    JAYESH C. MIRANI    M    48    Independent    Battery Torch
9    TATVASAHEB REVDEKAR    M    47    Independent    Basket
10    DIKSHA JITENDRA JAGTAP    F    38    Independent    Comb
11    DHARMPAL BHAGWAN MESHRAM    M    47    Independent    Coconut
12    NAMDEV TUKARAM SATHE    M    34    Independent    Slate
13    NARAYAN ANAND ROKADE    M    37    Independent    Banana
14    PANKAJBHAI SOMCHAND SHAH    M    55    Independent    Dolli
15    PRAKASH D. KAMBLE    M    33    Independent    Candles
16    SUNITA MOHAN TUPSOUNDARYA    F    38    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S13    29    30-Apr-09    MH    MUMBAI NORTH CENTRAL    1    EBRAHIM SHAIKH    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    DUTT PRIYA SUNIL    F    42    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    MAHESH RAM JETHMALANI    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    JAYESH JASHWANTRAI BHAYANI    M    45    The Humanist Party of India    Balloon
5    BHOSALE NITIN GANGARAM    M    35    Republician Party of India Ektawadi    Cup & Saucer
6    MOHAMAND RAFIQ QURESHI    M    28    Navbharat Nirman Party    Kite
7    MOHD. SHAHID    M    37    Indian Bahujan Samajwadi Party    Whistle
8    SHILPA ATUL SARPOTDAR    F    41    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Nagara
9    SUREKHA PEVEKAR    F    38    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Railway Engine
10    ARORA RAKESH VISHWANATH    M    48    Independent    Walking Stick
11    ASLAM HANIF KHOT    M    43    Independent    Road Roller
12    CHELJI S. PATEL    M    43    Independent    Banana
13    TULSIDAS KRISHNADAS NAIR    M    36    Independent    Comb
14    COM. DEVCHAND RANDIVE    M    44    Independent    Saw
15    MOHAMAD YAHIYA SIDDHIQUE    M    27    Independent    Bat
16    RAJKAMAL JAISINGH YADAV    M    25    Independent    Candles
17    WAGHMARE AATISH RAMCHANDRA    M    35    Independent    Coconut
18    SUDHIR SHANKAR PARDESHI    M    36    Independent    Ceiling Fan
19    SUHAS BHIKURAM TAMBE    M    34    Independent    Sewing Machine
S13    30    30-Apr-09    MH    MUMBAI SOUTH CENTRAL    1    IQBAL MOHAMMAD SAYYAD    M    54    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
2    EKNATH M. GAIKWAD    M    69    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    BARVE PRAVIN RAMCHANDRA    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SURESH ANANT GAMBHIR    M    65    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
5    DR. AKALPITA PARANJPE    F    61    Bharat Uday Mission    Balloon
6    AD. ANARYA PUNDALIK PAWAR    M    32    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
7    KAMAL NARAYAN WAGHDARE    F    41    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)    Road Roller
8    KARAM HUSSAIN KHAN    M    36    National Lokhind Party    Hat
9    KISHOR BHAGWAN JAGTAP    M    41    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
10    GARUD MILIND MADHAV (M.G.)    M    44    Republician Party of India Ektawadi    Gas Cylinder
11    MOHHAMMED USMAN SHAIKH    M    36    Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh    Almirah
12    RAJENDRA GANPAT JADHAV    M    34    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
13    SHWETA VIVEK PARULKAR    F    42    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Whistle
14    KISHORKUMAR VASANTRAO JADHAV    M    36    Independent    Black Board
15    TRIYOGINATH DUBEY    M    42    Independent    Maize
16    DILIP RAMCHANDRA GANDHI    M    45    Independent    Bat
17    MANOJ G. SINGH    M    39    Independent    Television
18    RAJU SAHEBRAO DALVI    M    38    Independent    Slate
19    ROHAN GAWRU TAMBE    M    42    Independent    Pressure Cooker
20    LAYEEK AHMED ANSARI    M    38    Independent    Basket
21    VIKAS KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Coconut
22    SHAHAJIRAO DHONDIBA THORAT    M    46    Independent    Banana
23    DR. SAILEN KUMAR GHOSH    M    60    Independent    Candles
S13    31    30-Apr-09    MH    MUMBAI SOUTH    1    DEORA MILIND MURLI    M    33    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    MOHAN RAWALE    M    60    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
3    MOHAMMAD ALI ABUBAKAR SHAIKH    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    AVDHUT RAMCHANDRA BHISE    M    46    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
5    CHIRAG KANTILAL JETHAVA    M    28    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
6    FIROZ USMAN TINVALA    M    43    Democratic Secular Party    Kite
7    BALA NANDGAONKAR    M    51    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Railway Engine
8    DR.MONA KARTIK SHAH    F    38    Professionals Party of India    Candles
9    MOHAMMED AMIR SHAIKH (MONTU)    M    35    Republican Party of India (Democratic )    Cup & Saucer
10    AD. RAJESH YASHVANT BHOSALE    M    41    Pyramid Party of India    Coat
11    SAYYED ATHER ALI    M    56    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
12    ASHOK SHANKAR AMBULKAR    M    42    Independent    Coconut
13    KHIMJI CHIMAN MAKWANA    M    62    Independent    Television
14    ADVOCATE FIROZ AHMED ANSARI    M    52    Independent    Gas Stove
15    MIRA H. SANYAL    F    47    Independent    Batsman
16    MUKESH NEMICHAND JAIN    M    38    Independent    Ceiling Fan
17    DR. SHAIKH SHAHID AHMED    M    48    Independent    Bat
18    SAYYED SALIM SAYYED RAHIM    M    58    Independent    Hat
19    SURYAKANT KESHAV SHINGE    M    41    Independent    Battery Torch
20    ZNYOSHO RASHTRAPATI    M    62    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S13    32    23-Apr-09    MH    RAIGAD    1    ANANT GEETE    M    58    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
2    BARRISTER A.R. ANTULAY    M    80    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    MOHITE KIRAN BABURAO    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    EKANATH ARJUN PATIL    M    48    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
5    ADV. PRAVIN MADHUKAR THAKUR    M    39    Independent    Television
6    DR. SIDDHARTH PATIL    M    54    Independent    Candles
7    SUNIL BHASKAR NAIK    M    51    Independent    Coconut
S13    33    23-Apr-09    MH    MAVAL    1    PANSARE AZAM FAKEERBHAI    M    48    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    BABAR GAJANAN DHARMSHI    M    66    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
3    MISHRA UMAKANT RAMESHWAR    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    AYU. DEEPALI NIVRUTTI CHAVAN    F    35    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
5    PRADIP PANDURANG KOCHAREKAR    M    49    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
6    ADV.SHIVSHANKAR DATTATRAY SHINDE    M    31    Krantisena Maharashtra    Road Roller
7    ISHWAR DATTATRAY JADHAV    M    46    Independent    Basket
8    JAGANNATH PANDURANG KHARGE    M    38    Independent    Slate
9    DOLE BHIMRAJ NIVRUTTI    M    38    Independent    Ceiling Fan
10    ADVOCATE TUKARAM WAMANRAO BANSODE    M    64    Independent    Kite
11    TANTARPALE GOPAL YASHWANTRAO    M    43    Independent    Pressure Cooker
12    ADVOCATE PRAMOD MAHADEV GORE    M    56    Independent    Bat
13    BHAPKAR MARUTI SAHEBRAO    M    38    Independent    Coconut
14    MAHENDRA PRABHAKAR TIWARI    M    41    Independent    Television
15    BRO. MANUAL DESOZA    M    45    Independent    Candles
16    YASHWANT NARAYAN DESAI    M    42    Independent    Gas Cylinder
17    SHAKEEL RAJBHAI SHAIKH    M    38    Independent    Batsman
18    HARIBHAU DADAJI SHINDE    M    70    Independent    Nagara
S13    34    23-Apr-09    MH    PUNE    1    ANIL SHIROLE    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    KALMADI SURESH    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    D S K ALIAS D.S.KULKARNI    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ARUN BHATIA    M    66    Peoples Guardian    Nagara
5    GULAB TATYA WAGHMODE    M    47    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Slate
6    BAGBAN JAVED KASIM    M    26    Indian Union Muslim League    Kite
7    VIKRAMADITYA OMPRAKASH DHIMAN    M    40    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Jug
8    VINOD ANAND SINH    M    55    Proutist Sarva Samaj Party    Cup & Saucer
9    SHIROLE RANJEET SHRIKANT    M    32    Maharashtra Navnirman sena    Whistle
10    SAVITA HAJARE    F    46    Pyramid Party of India    Television
11    SANGHARSH ARUN APTE    M    28    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
12    AJAY VASANT PAITHANKAR    M    49    Independent    Gas Cylinder
13    ADAGALE BHAUSAHEB RAMCHANDRA    M    48    Independent    Sewing Machine
14    ASHOK GANPAT PALKHE ALIAS SUTAR    M    45    Independent    Harmonium
15    KAMTAM ISWAR SAMBHAYYA    M    67    Independent    Ring
16    KULKARNI KAUSTUBH SHASHIKANT    M    26    Independent    Road Roller
17    KHAN AMANULLA MOHMOD AL    M    55    Independent    Black Board
18    KHAN NISSAR TAJ AHMAD    M    44    Independent    Battery Torch
19    P. K. CHAVAN    M    80    Independent    Banana
20    CHOUDHARI SUNIL GULABRAO    M    41    Independent    Almirah
21    CHOURE VILAS CHINTAMAN    M    45    Independent    Candles
22    TATYA ALIAS NARAYAN SHANKAR WAMBHIRE    M    51    Independent    Kettle
23    TAMBOLI SHABBIR SAJJANBHAI    M    52    Independent    Brief Case
24    DATTATRAYA GANESH TALGERI    M    61    Independent    Table Lamp
25    BAGADE SACHIN MARUTI    M    29    Independent    Iron
26    BALU ALIAS ANIL SHIROLE    M    28    Independent    Shuttle
27    BHARAT MANOHAR GAVALI    M    65    Independent    Gas Stove
28    BHAGWAT RAGHUNATH KAMBLE    M    35    Independent    Ceiling Fan
29    RAJENDRA BHAGAT ALIAS JITU BHAI    M    29    Independent    Coat
30    VIKRAM NARENDRA BOKE    M    53    Independent    Bat
31    SHINDE RAJENDRA BABURAO    M    44    Independent    Electric Pole
32    SHAIKH ALTAF KARIM    M    48    Independent    Camera
33    SHRIKANT MADHUSUDAN JAGTAP    M    33    Independent    Batsman
34    SARDESAI KISHORKUMAR RAGHUNATH    M    42    Independent    Pressure Cooker
35    ADV.SUBHASH NARHAR GODSE    M    59    Independent    Coconut
36    SANTOSH ALIAS SOMNATH KALU PAWAR    M    38    Independent    Letter Box
S13    35    23-Apr-09    MH    BARAMATI    1    KUDALEPATIL VIVEK ANANT    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    KANTA JAYSING NALAWADE    F    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SUPRIYA SULE    F    39    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    MAYAWATI AMAR CHITRE    F    31    Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh    Walking Stick
5    SHELAR SANGEETA PANDURANG    F    33    Krantisena Maharashtra    Railway Engine
6    SACHIN VITTHAL AHIRE    M    29    Prabuddha Republican Party    Television
7    SAMPAT MARUTI TAKALE    M    54    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
8    GHORPADE SAVEETA ASHOK    F    29    Independent    Bat
9    TATYA ALIAS NARAYAN SHANKAR WAMBHIRE    M    51    Independent    Gas Cylinder
10    TANTARPALE GOPAL YESHWANTRAO    M    43    Independent    Ceiling Fan
11    DEEPAK SHANKAR BHAPKAR    M    26    Independent    Whistle
12    BHIMA ANNA KADALE    M    31    Independent    Kite
13    MRUNALEENI JAYRAJ KAKADE    F    34    Independent    Jug
14    YOGESH SONABA RANDHEER    M    39    Independent    Almirah
15    SHIVAJI JAYSING KOKARE    M    58    Independent    Pressure Cooker
16    SURESH BABURAO VEER    M    62    Independent    Road Roller
17    SANGITA SHRIMAN BHUMKAR    F    30    Independent    Kettle
S13    36    23-Apr-09    MH    SHIRUR    1    ADHALRAO SHIVAJI DATTATRAY    M    52    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
2    ZAGADE YASHWANT SITARAM    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    VILAS VITHOBA LANDE    M    47    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    PALLAVI MOHAN HARSHE    F    27    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
5    SHELAR DNYANOBA SHRIPATI    M    57    Republican Presidium Party of India    Ceiling Fan
6    SURESH MULCHAND KANKARIA (MAMA)    M    57    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
7    ABHANG KONDIBHAU BHIMAJI    M    48    Independent    Lady Purse
8    KARANDE CHANGDEO NAMDEO    M    43    Independent    Road Roller
9    KALURAM RAGHUNATH TAPKIR    M    52    Independent    Television
10    RAM DHARMA DAMBALE    M    37    Independent    Kite
11    LANDE VILAS MHATARBA    M    37    Independent    Ring
S13    37    23-Apr-09    MH    AHMADNAGAR    1    KARDILE SHIVAJI BHANUDAS    M    50    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    KARBHARI WAMAN SHIRSAT ALIAS K.V. SHIRSAT    M    65    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    GADAKH TUKARAM GANGADHAR    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    GANDHI DILIPKUMAR MANSUKHLAL    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    KAZI SAJID MUJIR    M    41    Republician Party of India Ektawadi    Railway Engine
6    HAKE BHANUDAS KISAN    M    55    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
7    HOLE BHANUDAS NAMDEO    M    48    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
8    ARUN KAHAR    M    45    Independent    Electric Pole
9    AVINASH MALHARRAO GHODAKE    M    40    Independent    Pressure Cooker
10    KHAIRE ARJUN DEORAO    M    39    Independent    Ring
11    GAIKWAD BALASAHEB RAMCHANDRA    M    35    Independent    Bat
12    NAUSHAD ANSAR SHAIKH    F    39    Independent    Road Roller
13    PROF. MAHENDRA DADA SHINDE    M    29    Independent    Nagara
14    RAUT EKNATH BABASAHEB    M    56    Independent    Slate
15    RAJIV APPASAHEB RAJALE    M    39    Independent    Coconut
S13    38    23-Apr-09    MH    SHIRDI    1    KACHARU NAGU WAGHMARE    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    WAKCHOURE BHAUSAHEB RAJARAM    M    59    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
3    ATHAWALE RAMDAS BANDU    M    52    Republican Party of India    Cup & Saucer
4    DHOTRE SUCHIT CHINTAMANI    M    25    Krantisena Maharashtra    Television
5    SATISH BALASAHEB PALGHADMAL    M    26    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
6    ADHAGALE RAJENDRA NAMDEV    M    39    Independent    Whistle
7    KAMBALE RAMESH ANKUSH    M    32    Independent    Road Roller
8    GAIKWAD APPASAHEB GANGADHAR    M    64    Independent    Coconut
9    BAGUL BALU DASHARATH    M    34    Independent    Stool
10    MEDHE PRAFULLAKUMAR MURLIDHAR    M    46    Independent    Ring
11    RAKSHE ANNASAHEB EKNATH    M    43    Independent    Bat
12    RUPWATE PREMANAND DAMODHAR    M    65    Independent    Maize
13    LODHE SHARAD LAXAMAN    M    42    Independent    Kettle
14    WAGH GANGADHAR RADHAJI    M    60    Independent    Basket
15    VAIRAGHAR SUDHIR NATHA    M    38    Independent    Gas Cylinder
16    SABALE ANIL DAMODHAR    M    40    Independent    Kite
17    SANDIP BHASKAR GOLAP    M    29    Independent    Pressure Cooker
S13    39    23-Apr-09    MH    BEED    1    KOKATE RAMESH BABURAO (ADASKAR)    M    42    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    MASKE MACHHINDRA BABURAO    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    MUNDE GOPINATHRAO PANDURANG    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    KHALGE KACHRU SANTRAMJI    M    48    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Television
5    GURAV KALYAN BHANUDAS    M    62    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
6    TATE ASHOK SANTRAM    M    50    Ambedkarist Republican Party    Bat
7    NIKALJE SHEELATAI MAHENDRA    F    34    Prabuddha Republican Party    Candles
8    PRAMOD ALIAS PARMESHWAR SAKHARAM MOTE    M    32    Krantisena Maharashtra    Coconut
9    BABURAO NARAYANRAO KAGADE    M    63    Ambedkar National Congress    Kite
10    DR. SHIVAJIRAO KISANRAO SHENDGE    M    39    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
11    KAMAL KONDIRAM NIMBALKAR    F    39    Independent    Sewing Machine
12    KAMBLE DEEPAK DYANOBA    M    32    Independent    Letter Box
13    KHAN SIKANDAR KHAN HUSSAIN KHAN    M    58    Independent    Camera
14    GUJAR KHAN MIRZA KHAN    M    28    Independent    Nagara
15    ADV.NATKAR RAMRAO SHESHRAO    M    61    Independent    Road Roller
16    PATHAN GAFARKHAN JABBARKHAN    M    42    Independent    Almirah
17    MAHAMMAD AKARAM MAHAMMAD SALIMUDDIN BAGWAN    M    34    Independent    Ceiling Fan
18    RAMESH VISHVANATH KOKATE    M    32    Independent    Ring
19    SAYYED MINHAJ ALI WAJED ALI (PENDKHJUR WALE)    M    34    Independent    Balloon
20    SAYYED SALIM FATTU    M    47    Independent    Slate
21    SARDAR KHAN SULTANABABA    M    26    Independent    Electric Pole
S13    40    23-Apr-09    MH    OSMANABAD    1    GAIKWAD RAVINDRA VISHWANATH    M    49    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
2    DIVAKAR YASHWANT NAKADE    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    PATIL PADAMSINHA BAJIRAO    M    68    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    JAGTAP BHAGWAN DADARAO    M    70    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Gas Cylinder
5    TARKASE DHANANJAY MURLIDHAR    M    34    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Coconut
6    TAWADE PRAKASH TANAJIRAO    M    28    Krantisena Maharashtra    Maize
7    BANSODE GUNDERAO SHIVRAM    M    73    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
8    BABA FAIJODDIN SHAIKH    M    28    Nelopa(United)    Kite
9    BHOSLE REVAN VISHWANATH    M    45    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
10    MUJAWAR SHAHABUDDIN NABIRASUL    M    37    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
11    RAJENDRA RANDITRAO HIPPERGEKAR    M    38    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
12    ANGARSHA SALIM BABULAL    M    62    Independent    Balloon
13    GAIKWAD UMAJI PANDURANG    M    39    Independent    Table
14    CHAVAN BABU VITHOBA    M    40    Independent    Banana
15    CHANDANE PINTU PANDURANG    M    35    Independent    Sewing Machine
16    DADASAHEB SHANKARRAO JETITHOR    M    50    Independent    Television
17    NITURE ARUN BHAURAO    M    38    Independent    Nagara
18    PATEL HASHAM ISMAIL    M    55    Independent    Almirah
19    PAWAR HARIDAS MANIKRAO    M    35    Independent    Ceiling Fan
20    PATIL MAHADEO DNYANDEO    M    50    Independent    Batsman
21    BALAJI BAPURAO TUPSUNDARE    M    37    Independent    Carrot
22    ADV. BHAUSAHEB ANIL BELURE (BEMBLIKAR)    M    29    Independent    Bat
23    MUNDHE PATRIL PADAMSINHA VIJAYSINHA    M    29    Independent    Camera
24    YEVATE-PATIL SHRIMANT    M    55    Independent    Ring
25    SANDIPAN RAMA ZOMBADE    M    41    Independent    Road Roller
S13    41    23-Apr-09    MH    LATUR    1    AAWALE JAYWANT GANGARAM    M    68    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    GAIKWAD SUNIL BALIRAM    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    ADV. BABASAHEB SADSHIVRAO GAIKWAD    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ARAK ASHOK VIKRAM    M    34    Krantisena Maharashtra    Walking Stick
5    V.K. ACHARYA    M    57    Prabuddha Republican Party    Television
6    T.M. KAMBLE    M    52    Republican Party of India (Democratic )    Cup & Saucer
7    GANNE TUKARAM RAMBHAU    M    59    Jan Surajya Shakti    Coconut
8    BANSODE RAGHUNATH WAGHOJI    M    41    Peoples Republican Party    Pressure Cooker
9    BABURAO SATYAWAN POTBHARE    M    42    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Railway Engine
10    RAMKUMAR RAIWADIKAR    M    41    Samajwadi Jan Parishad    Kite
11    SHRIKANT RAMRAO JEDHE    M    61    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Road Roller
12    SASANE ATUL GANGARAM    M    36    Ambedkarist Republican Party    Bat
13    SAHEBRAO HARIBHAU WAGHMARE    M    46    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
14    AAWCHARE VIJAYKUMAR BABRUWAN    M    26    Independent    Jug
15    KAMBLE BANSILAL RAMCHANDRA    M    51    Independent    Gas Cylinder
16    NILANGEKAR AVINASH MADHUKARRAO    M    30    Independent    Gas Stove
17    MANE GAJANAN PANDURANG    M    41    Independent    Slate
18    SANJAY KABIRDAS GAIKWAD    M    35    Independent    Ring
S13    42    23-Apr-09    MH    SOLAPUR    1    GAIKWAD PRAMOD RAMCHANDRA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ADV. BANSODE SHARAD MARUTI    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SHINDE SUSHILKUMAR SAMBHAJIRAO    M    67    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    ADV. KASABEKAR SHRIDHAR LIMBAJI    M    59    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
5    RAJGURU NARAYAN YEDU    M    60    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
6    LAXMIKANT CHANDRAKANT GAIKWAD    M    37    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
7    NARAYANKAR RAJENDRA BABURAO    M    44    Independent    Gas Stove
8    NITINKUMAR RAMCHANDRA KAMBLE ALIAS NITIN BANPURKAR    M    37    Independent    Gas Cylinder
9    BANSODE UTTAM BHIMSHA    M    50    Independent    Shuttle
10    BANSODE RAHUL DATTU    M    33    Independent    Almirah
11    MILIND MAREPPA MULE    M    49    Independent    Coconut
12    VIKRAM UTTAM KASABE    M    33    Independent    Railway Engine
13    VIJAYKUMAR BHAGWANRAO UGHADE    M    38    Independent    Camera
S13    43    23-Apr-09    MH    MADHA    1    DESHMUKH SUBHASH SURESHCHANDRA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    PAWAR SHARADCHANDRA GOVINDRAO    M    68    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    RAHUL VITTHAL SARWADE    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    AYU GAIKWAD SATISH SUGRAV    M    28    Prabuddha Republican Party    Railway Engine
5    CHAVAN SUBHASH VITTHAL    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
6    MAHADEO JAGANNATH JANKAR    M    40    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
7    RAMCHANDRA NARAYAN KACCHAVE    M    40    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
8    SASTE KAKASAHEB MAHADEO    M    48    Krantisena Maharashtra    Coconut
9    SOU. NAGMANI KISAN JAKKAN    F    45    Independent    Pressure Cooker
10    DR.M. D. PATIL    M    50    Independent    Electric Pole
11    BANSODE BALVEER DAGADU    M    42    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    BHANUDAS BHAGAWAN DEVAKATE    M    70    Independent    Slate
13    DR. MAHADEO ABAJI POL    M    56    Independent    Maize
14    SURESH SHAMRAO GHADGE    M    36    Independent    Ring
15    DNYANESHWAR VITTHAL AMALE    M    26    Independent    Bat
S13    44    23-Apr-09    MH    SANGLI    1    PATEL M.JAVED M. YUSUF    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PRATIK PRAKASHBAPU PATIL    M    35    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    ASHOK DNYANU MANE(BHAU)    M    37    Swatantra Bharat Paksha    Cup & Saucer
4    MANOHAR BALKRISHNA KHEDKAR    M    58    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
5    MAHADEV ANNA WAGHAMARE    M    65    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Ceiling Fan
6    AJITRAO SHANKARRAO GHORPADE    M    56    Independent    Table
7    ANSARI SHABBIR AHEMED    M    61    Independent    Whistle
8    GANPATI TUKARAM KAMBLE ALIAS G.T. KAMBLE    M    70    Independent    Road Roller
9    PANDHARE DATTATRAYA PANDURANG    M    51    Independent    Battery Torch
10    KAVTHEKAR PRAVIN BHAGWAN KAVTHEKAR ALIAS JIVA MAHALE    M    47    Independent    Batsman
11    MULANI BALEKHAN USMAN    M    46    Independent    Railway Engine
12    VAGARE MARUTI MURA    M    34    Independent    Slate
13    SHAMRAO PIRAJI KADAM    M    64    Independent    Pressure Cooker
14    SIDDESHWAR SHIVAPPA BHOSALE    M    36    Independent    Coconut
S13    45    23-Apr-09    MH    SATARA    1    CHAVAN PRASHANT VASANT    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PURUSHOTTAM BAJIRAO JADHAV    M    45    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
3    BHONSLE SHRIMANT CHH. UDYANRAJE PRATAPSINH    M    43    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    BHAUSAHEB GANGARAM WAGH    M    51    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
5    ALNKRITA ABHIJIT AWADE-BICHUKALE    F    29    Independent    Television
S13    46    23-Apr-09    MH    RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG    1    DR.NILESH NARAYAN RANE    M    28    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PARULEKAR JAYENDRA SHRIPAD    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SURESH PRABHAKAR PRABHU    M    55    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
4    AJAY ALIAS AABA DADA JADHAV    M    28    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Whistle
5    RAJESH PUSUSHOTTAM SURVE    M    41    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Cup & Saucer
6    VILASRAO KHANVILKAR    M    54    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Coconut
7    SIRAJ ABDULLA KAUCHALI    M    60    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
8    KHALAPE AKBAR MAHAMMAD    M    55    Independent    Railway Engine
9    SURENDRA BORKAR    M    62    Independent    Maize
S13    47    23-Apr-09    MH    KOLHAPUR    1    KAMBLE SUHAS NIVRUTI    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    CHHATRPATI SAMBHAJIRAJE SHAHU    M    38    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    DEVANE VIJAY SHAMRAO    M    50    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
4    KAMBLE MARUTI RAVELU    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
5    CHOUGULE BHAI P.T.    M    64    Independent    Television
6    DR. NEELAMBARI RAMESH MANDAPE    F    49    Independent    Slate
7    S.R. TATYA PATIL    M    70    Independent    Coconut
8    BAJRANG KRISHNA PATIL    M    39    Independent    Railway Engine
9    MAHAMMADGOUS GULAB NADAF    M    57    Independent    Road Roller
10    SADASHIVRAO MANDLIK DADOBA    M    74    Independent    Cup & Saucer
S13    48    23-Apr-09    MH    HATKANANGLE    1    KANADE ANILKUMAR MAHADEV    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    MANE NIVEDITA SAMBHAJIRAO    F    45    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    RAGHUNATH RAMCHANDRA PATIL    M    58    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
4    PATIL UDAY PANDHARINATH    M    39    Krantisena Maharashtra    Coconut
5    BABURAO OMANNA KAMBLE    M    61    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha    Railway Engine
6    MANE ARVIND BHIVA    M    43    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha    Kite
7    SHETTI RAJU ALIAS DEVAPPA ANNA    M    41    Swabhimani Paksha    Cup & Saucer
8    ARUN ALIAS SHAM BAJARNAG BUCHADE    M    28    Independent    Balloon
9    THORAT ANANDRAO TUKARAM    M    46    Independent    Bat
10    SURNIKE ANANDRAO VASANTRAO (FOUJI BAPU)    M    48    Independent    Ring
S14    1    22-Apr-09    MN    INNER MANIPUR    1    DR. THOKCHOM MEINYA    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    THOUNAOJAM CHAOBA    M    70    Manipur People’s Party    Bicycle
3    MOIRANGTHEM NARA    M    58    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
4    WAHENGBAM NIPAMACHA SINGH    M    78    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    L. KSHETRANI DEVI    F    50    Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party    Railway Engine
6    ABDUL RAHMAN    M    58    Independent    Candles
7    NONGMAITHEM HOMENDRO SINGH    M    45    Independent    Cake
S14    2    16-Apr-09    MN    OUTER MANIPUR    1    THANGSO BAITE    M    56    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    D. LOLI ADANEE    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    L.B. SONA    M    58    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    M. JAMKHONGAM @ M. YAMKHONGAM HAOKIP    M    49    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
5    THANGKHANGIN    M    53    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Hut
6    MANI CHARENAMEI    M    50    Peoples Democratic Alliance    Table Lamp
7    VALLEY ROSE HUNGYO    F    53    Independent    Kettle
8    MANGSHI (ROSE MANGSHI HAOKIP)    F    63    Independent    Candles
9    LAMLALMOI GANGTE    M    33    Independent    Banana
S15    1    16-Apr-09    ML    SHILLONG    1    DALINGTON DYMPEP    M    78    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    JOHN FILMORE KHARSHIING    M    46    United Democratic Party    Drum
3    VINCENT H PALA    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    P. B. M. BASAIAWMOIT    M    60    Hill State People’s Democratic Party    Lion
5    MARTLE N.MUKHIM    M    59    Meghalaya Democratic Party    Battery Torch
6    DENIS SIANGSHAI    M    44    Independent    Basket
7    TIEROD PASSAH    M    45    Independent    Candles
S15    2    16-Apr-09    ML    TURA    1    AGATHA K. SANGMA    F    28    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    DEBORA C. MARAK    F    43    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    BOSTON MARAK    M    28    A-Chik National Congress(Democratic)    Table
4    ARLENE N. SANGMA    F    53    Independent    Television
S16    1    16-Apr-09    MZ    MIZORAM    1    LALAWMPUIA CHHANGTE    M    42    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    C.L.RUALA    M    72    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    DR. H. LALLUNGMUANA    M    65    Independent    Hat
4    RUALPAWLA    M    54    Independent    Ring
S17    1    16-Apr-09    NL    NAGALAND    1    K. ASUNGBA SANGTAM    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    C.M. CHANG    M    65    Nagaland Peoples Front    Cock
3    DR. RILANTHUNG ODYUO    M    39    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
S18    1    16-Apr-09    OR    BARGARH    1    RADHARANI PANDA    F    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    SANJAY BHOI    M    35    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SUNIL KUMAR AGRAWAL    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    DR. HAMID HUSSAIN    M    54    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
5    NILADRI BEHARI PANDA    M    29    Kosal Kranti Dal    Candles
6    SURENDRA KUMAR AGRAWAL    M    37    Independent    Railway Engine
S18    2    16-Apr-09    OR    SUNDARGARH    1    JUAL ORAM    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    JEROM DUNGDUNG    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    LIVNUS KINDO    M    64    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
4    SALOMI MINZ    F    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    HEMANANDA BISWAL    M    67    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    RAMA CHANDRA EKKA    M    61    Jharkhand Disom Party    Nagara
7    SAGAR SING MANKEE    M    60    Kosal Kranti Dal    Candles
8    DALESWAR MAJHI    M    58    Independent    Stool
9    MANSID EKKA    M    63    Independent    Table
S18    3    16-Apr-09    OR    SAMBALPUR    1    AMARNATH PRADHAN    M    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    GOBINDA RAM AGARWAL    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    ROHIT PUJARI    M    35    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
4    SURENDRA LATH    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ASHOK KUMAR NAIK    M    53    Kosal Kranti Dal    Candles
6    BIJAYA KUMAR MAHANANDA    M    35    Republican Party of India    Coconut
7    MD. ALI HUSSAIN    M    37    Independent    Railway Engine
S18    4    23-Apr-09    OR    KEONJHAR    1    ANANTA NAYAK    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    DHANURJAYA SIDU    M    43    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    YASHBANT NARAYAN SINGH LAGURI    M    38    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
4    LACHHAMAN MAJHI    M    42    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
5    DR SUDARSHAN LOHAR    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    CHITTA RANJAN MUNDA    M    37    Independent    Nagara
7    DR. FAKIR MOHAN NAIK    M    34    Independent    Haldhar Within Wheel (Chakra Haldhar)
S18    5    23-Apr-09    OR    MAYURBHANJ    1    GAMHA SINGH    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    DROUPADI MURMU    F    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    LAXMAN TUDU    M    47    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
4    LAXMAN MAJHI    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    SUDAM MARNDI    M    43    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
6    LAXMISWAR TAMUDIA    M    68    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
7    SUNDAR MOHAN MAJHI    M    65    Jharkhand Disom Party    Nagara
8    DEVI PRASANNA BESRA    M    61    Independent    Candles
9    NARENDRA HANSDA    M    26    Independent    Balloon
10    RAMESWAR MAJHI    M    29    Independent    Railway Engine
S18    6    23-Apr-09    OR    BALASORE    1    ARUN JENA    M    47    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
2    ARUN DEY    M    63    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    MAHAMEGHA BAHAN AIRA KHARABELA SWAIN    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SHRADHANJALI PRADHAN    F    40    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    SRIKANTA KUMAR JENA    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    DEBASISH RANJAN DASH    M    37    Samruddha Odisha    Nagara
7    RAKESH RANJAN PATRA    M    27    Jana Hitkari Party    Candles
8    GHASIRAM MOHANTA    M    66    Independent    Batsman
9    LAXIMIKANTA BEHERA    M    51    Independent    Railway Engine
S18    7    23-Apr-09    OR    BHADRAK    1    ANANTA PRASAD SETHI    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    ARJUN CHARAN SETHI    M    68    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
3    NITYANANDA JENA    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RATH DAS    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    GOLAK PRASAD MALLIK    M    60    Independent    Coconut
6    SUSANTA KUMAR JENA    M    31    Independent    Whistle
S18    8    23-Apr-09    OR    JAJPUR    1    AMIYA KANTA MALLIK    M    50    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PARAMESWAR SETHI    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MOHAN JENA    M    52    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
4    AJIT KUMAR JENA    M    42    Samruddha Odisha    Nagara
5    BABULI MALLIK    M    36    Orissa Mukti Morcha    Candles
6    BHIMSEN BEHERA    M    44    Jana Hitkari Party    Battery Torch
7    UDAYA NATH JENA    M    29    Independent    Bat
8    KALANDI MALLIK    M    28    Independent    Coconut
S18    9    23-Apr-09    OR    DHENKANAL    1    KRISHNA CHANDRA SAHOO    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    CHANDRA SEKHAR TRIPATHY    M    60    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    TATHAGATA SATPATHY    M    53    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
4    RUDRANARAYAN PANY    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    PRIYABRATA GARNAIK    M    28    Kalinga Sena    Bat
S18    10    16-Apr-09    OR    BOLANGIR    1    KALIKESH NARAYAN SINGH DEO    M    34    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
2    NARASINGHA MISHRA    M    68    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    BALHAN SAGAR    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SANGITA KUMARI SINGH DEO    F    47    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    DINGAR KUMBHAR    M    41    Samruddha Odisha    Nagara
S18    11    16-Apr-09    OR    KALAHANDI    1    NAKULA MAJHI    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    BIKRAM KESHARI DEO    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    BHAKTA CHARAN DAS    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SUBASH CHANDRA NAYAK    M    62    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
5    PARAMESWAR KAND    M    47    Samajwadi Party    Glass Tumbler
6    BALARAM HOTA    M    33    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    DAMBARUDHARA SUNANI    M    34    Independent    Television
8    MAHESWAR BHOI    M    36    Independent    Almirah
S18    12    16-Apr-09    OR    NABARANGPUR    1    CHANDRADHWAJ MAJHI    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    DOMBURU MAJHI    M    68    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
3    PARSURAM MAJHI    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    PRADEEP KUMAR MAJHI    M    33    Indian National Congress    Hand
S18    13    16-Apr-09    OR    KANDHAMAL    1    ASHOK SAHU    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    PAULA BALIARSING    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    RUDRAMADHAB RAY    M    71    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
4    SUZIT KUMAR PADHI    M    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    NAKUL NAYAK    M    46    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    AJIT KUMAR NAYAK    M    26    Independent    Coconut
7    KAMALA KANTA PANDEY    M    64    Independent    Kettle
8    GHORABANA BEHERA    M    42    Independent    Almirah
9    DEENABANDHU NAIK    M    45    Independent    Candles
S18    14    23-Apr-09    OR    CUTTACK    1    ANADI SAHU    M    68    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    GOPAL CHANDRA KAR    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    BIBHUTI BHUSAN MISHRA    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    BHARTRUHARI MAHTAB    M    51    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
5    KAPILA CHARAN MALL    M    72    Bira Oriya Party    Railway Engine
6    PRADIP ROUTRAY    M    40    Kalinga Sena    Bat
7    DEBANANDA SINGH    M    33    Independent    Kite
S18    15    23-Apr-09    OR    KENDRAPARA    1    JNANDEV BEURA    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    RANJIB BISWAL    M    38    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    LENIN LENKA    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    BAIJAYANT PANDA    M    45    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
5    PRATAP CHANDRA JENA    M    60    Samruddha Odisha    Nagara
6    PRAVAKAR NAYAK    M    48    Kalinga Sena    Bat
7    RAMA KRUSHNA DASH    M    44    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
8    SARAT CHANDRA SWAIN    M    49    Independent    Battery Torch
S18    16    23-Apr-09    OR    JAGATSINGHPUR    1    BAIDHAR MALLICK    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    BIBHU PRASAD TARAI    M    42    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    BIBHUTI BHUSAN MAJHI    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RABINDRA KUMAR SETHY    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AKSHAYA KUMAR SETHI    M    25    Samruddha Odisha    Nagara
S18    17    23-Apr-09    OR    PURI    1    JITENDRA KUMAR SAHOO    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    DEBENDRA NATH MANSINGH    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    PINAKI MISRA    M    49    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
4    BRAJA KISHORE TRIPATHY    M    62    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    KSHITISH BISWAL    M    80    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    SABYASACHI MOHAPATRA    M    35    Kalinga Sena    Bat
7    PRABHAT KUMAR BADAPANDA    M    42    Independent    Coconut
S18    18    23-Apr-09    OR    BHUBANESWAR    1    AKSHAYA KUMAR MOHANTY    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ARCHANA NAYAK    F    43    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    PRASANNA KUMAR PATASANI    M    66    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
4    SANTOSH MOHANTY    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    UMA CHARANA MISHRA    M    60    Jana Hitkari Party    Candles
6    NABAGHAN PARIDA    M    66    Bira Oriya Party    Railway Engine
7    PRAFUL KUMAR SAHOO    M    38    Republican Party of India (A)    Bat
8    BASANTA KUMAR BEHERA    M    47    Kalinga Sena    Battery Torch
9    BIJAYANANDA MISHRA    M    51    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
10    JAGANNATH PRASAD LENKA    M    75    Independent    Nagara
11    DHIRENDRA SATAPATHY    M    67    Independent    Coconut
12    PRAMILA BEHERA    F    33    Independent    Whistle
13    SASTHI PRASAD SETHI    M    47    Independent    Batsman
S18    19    16-Apr-09    OR    ASKA    1    NITYANANDA PRADHAN    M    65    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
2    RAMACHANDRA RATH    M    63    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SHANTI DEVI    F    71    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    KRISHNA DALABEHERA    M    43    Kalinga Sena    Glass Tumbler
5    BIJAYA KUMAR MAHAPATRO    M    56    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
6    SURJYA NARAYAN SAHU    M    37    Samruddha Odisha    Nagara
7    KALICHARAN NAYAK    M    53    Independent    Candles
8    DEBASIS MISRA    M    48    Independent    Almirah
9    K. SHYAM BABU SUBUDHI    M    73    Independent    Bat
S18    20    16-Apr-09    OR    BERHAMPUR    1    CHANDRA SEKHAR SAHU    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PABITRA GAMANGO    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    BHARAT PAIK    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SIDHANT MAHAPATRA    M    42    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
5    NIRAKAR BEHERA    M    35    Kalinga Sena    Battery Torch
6    ALI RAZA ZIADI    M    30    Independent    Batsman
7    KISHORE CHANDRA MAHARANA    M    61    Independent    Cup & Saucer
8    A. RAGHUNATH VARMA    M    71    Independent    Coconut
9    K. SHYAM BABU SUBUDHI    M    73    Independent    Bat
S18    21    16-Apr-09    OR    KORAPUT    1    UPENDRA MAJHI    M    29    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    GIRIDHAR GAMANG    M    56    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    JAYARAM PANGI    M    53    Biju Janata Dal    Conch
4    PAPANNA MUTIKA    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    KUMUDINI DISARI    F    34    Samruddha Odisha    Nagara
6    MEGHANADA SABAR    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
S19    1    13-May-09    PB    GURDASPUR    1    SUKRIT SHARDA    M    44    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    YOG RAJ SHARMA    M    40    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
3    PARTAP SINGH BAJWA    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    CHARANJIT KAUR    F    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
S19    2    13-May-09    PB    AMRITSAR    1    NARESH SINGH BHADAURIYA    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
2    SHAM LAL    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
3    B.K.N. CHHIBER    M    72    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    JASWANT SINGH RANDHAWA    M    62    Independent    Not Alloted
5    KANWALJIT SINGH    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
S19    4    13-May-09    PB    JALANDHAR    1    RAJINDER KUMAR    M    33    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    ASHOK KUMAR    M    51    Bharatiya Gaon Taj Dal    Bat
3    VIJAY HANS    M    46    Democratic Bharatiya Samaj Party    Book
4    HANS RAJ HANS    M    47    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
5    RESHAM KAUR    M    45    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
S19    5    13-May-09    PB    HOSHIARPUR    1    DALJIT SINGH SODHI    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
S19    6    13-May-09    PB    ANANDPUR SAHIB    1    DALJIT SINGH    M    48    Independent    Television
2    MAHAN SINGH    M    61    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    RAGUNATH SINGH    M    55    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
S19    7    13-May-09    PB    LUDHIANA    1    KEHAR SINGH    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    SHIV SUNDER    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
3    DALJINDER SINGH    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
4    AMARJIT SINGH    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    AJAY TANDON    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
6    MUNISH TEWARI    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
7    MANISH TEWARI    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
8    MANISH TEWARI    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
9    HARISH KUMAR    M    39    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
10    MR. BOBBY    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
S19    8    13-May-09    PB    FATEHGARH SAHIB    1    RAI SINGH    M    67    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    CHARANJIT SINGH    M    72    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
3    INDER IQBAL SINGH    M    37    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
4    PARAMJIT SINGH    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
S19    9    13-May-09    PB    FARIDKOT    1    PARAMJIT KAUR GULSHAN    F    60    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
2    RESHAM SINGH    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SANT RAM    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SUKHWINDER SINGH    M    32    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    KAUSHALYA CHAMAN BHAURA    F    60    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
6    JASVIR SINGH    M    35    Mool Bharati (S) Party    Not Alloted
7    PREM SINGH    M    63    Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
8    NIRMAL SINGH    M    49    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
9    SHARAN KAUR    F    56    Independent    Not Alloted
S19    10    7-May-09    PB    FEROZPUR    1    MATHRA DASS    M    73    Proutist Sarva Samaj    Not Alloted
2    SHER SINGH    M    46    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
3    SHER SINGH    M    46    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
4    KRISHNA RANI    F    44    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
5    KRISHNA RANI    F    44    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
6    JAGMEET SINGH    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
7    AMARPREET KAUR    F    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
8    MANOJ KUMAR    M    36    Akhil Bharatiya Shivsena Rashtrawadi    Not Alloted
9    DHIAN SINGH    M    43    Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)(Simranjit Singh Mann)    Not Alloted
10    JAGMEET SINGH    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
11    GURDEV SINGH    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
12    DALIP KUMAR    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
13    PANJAB SINGH    M    61    Independent    Not Alloted
14    MATHRA DASS    M    73    Proutist Sarva Samaj    Not Alloted
15    RAJINDER    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
16    RIMPLE KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
17    PRITAM SINGH    M    55    Independent    Not Alloted
18    BALJINDER SINGH    M    33    Bharatiya Gaon Taj Dal    Not Alloted
19    DAVINDER SINGH    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
20    PAPU SINGH    M    49    Rashtravadi Janata Party    Not Alloted
21    ATMA RAM    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
22    BAU SINGH    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
23    SAHAB SINGH    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
24    BALWINDER PAL    M    27    All India Dalit Welfare Congress    Not Alloted
25    JINDER    M    32    All India Dalit Welfare Congress    Not Alloted
26    SUBLAKSHMAN SHARMA    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
27    RAJ KUMAR    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
28    BALTEJ SINGH    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
29    MUNSHA SINGH    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
30    GURPAL SINGH    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
31    JAGDEEP SINGH    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
32    PARAMJEET SINGH    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
33    AMARPREET KAUR    F    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
34    SHER SINGH    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
35    SATNAM SINGH    M    47    Independent    Not Alloted
36    JAGMEET SINGH    M    25    Independent    Not Alloted
37    SARABJEET SINGH    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
S19    11    7-May-09    PB    BATHINDA    1    HARDEV SINGH ARSHI    M    59    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    HARDEV SINGH ARSHI    M    59    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    HARSIMRAT KAUR    F    42    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
4    SURINDER KAUR    F    73    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
5    HARSIMRAT KAUR    F    42    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
6    HARSIMRAT KAUR    F    42    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
7    HARSIMRAT KAUR    F    42    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
8    BHAGWANT SINGH    M    28    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
9    BHAGWANT SINGH    M    28    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
10    RAJNISH KUMAR    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
11    NEM CHAND    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
12    HONEY JAIN    F    33    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
13    NAVNEET    M    38    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
14    VIJAY KUMAR SINGLA    M    40    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
15    NAVNEET    M    38    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
16    NAVNEET    M    38    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
17    VIJAY KUMAR SINGLA    M    40    Shivsena    Bow & Arrow
18    GEETA RANI    F    45    Akhil Bharatiya Shivsena Rashtrawadi    Not Alloted
19    KEWAL SINGH    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
20    RAJA SINGH    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
21    RAJA SINGH    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
22    RANINDER SINGH    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
23    RANINDER SINGH    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
24    RISHMA KAUR    F    36    Indian National Congress    Hand
25    RISHMA KAUR    F    36    Indian National Congress    Hand
26    CHODHARI RAM CHAND    M    56    All India Bharti Jug Party    Not Alloted
27    DYAL CHAND    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
28    PARVEEN HITESHI    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
29    LAKHWINDER SINGH    M    27    All India Dalit Welfare Congress    Not Alloted
30    NACHHATTAR SINGH    M    58    Independent    Not Alloted
31    KIRANJIT SINGH    M    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
32    RAVJINDER SINGH    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
33    RAVJINDER SINGH    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
34    JAGROOP SINGH    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
35    JAGROOP SINGH    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
36    KIRANJIT SINGH    M    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
37    GURMEET SINGH    M    39    Punjab Labour Party    Not Alloted
38    RAJ KAMAL    M    35    Rashtravadi Janata Party    Railway Engine
39    HARDEV SINGH    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
40    HARDEV SINGH    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
41    SURESH KUMAR    M    63    Independent    Not Alloted
42    NIRMAL SINGH    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
43    JAGDEEP SINGH    M    34    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
44    LACHHMAN SINGH    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
45    KARAM SINGH    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
46    KARAM SINGH    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
47    BALDEV SINGH    M    60    Independent    Not Alloted
48    VIJAY SETIA    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
S19    12    7-May-09    PB    SANGRUR    1    SUKHDEV SINGH    M    73    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
2    MOHD.JAMIL UR REHMAN    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    VIJAY INDER SINGLA    M    37    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    AJMER SINGH    M    49    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
5    SIMRANJIT SINGH MANN    M    64    Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)(Simranjit Singh Mann)    Cart
6    JASWANT SINGH    M    45    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
7    TARSEM JODHAN    M    59    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
8    BALWANT SINGH RAMOOWALIA    M    66    Lok Bhalai Party    Nagara
9    AMAR SINGH    M    62    Independent    Kite
10    SUKHJINDER SINGH    M    33    Independent    Rising Sun
11    SUKHDEV SINGH    M    49    Independent    Violin
12    SUKHDEV SINGH    M    56    Independent    Black Board
13    JASWANT SINGH    M    48    Independent    Railway Engine
14    JARNAIL SINGH    M    40    Independent    Table
15    BALBIR RAM    M    34    Independent    Chair
16    BILLU SINGH    M    70    Independent    Railway Engine
17    RATTAN LAL    M    63    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S19    13    7-May-09    PB    PATIALA    1    KARAMJIT SINGH    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
2    SURINDER KUMAR    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
3    DEEPAK JOSHI    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RAM SARUP    M    64    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    HARWINDER SINGH    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
6    PREM SINGH    M    59    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
7    BALWINDER KAUR    F    54    Shiromani Akali Dal    Scales
8    KULDIP SINGH GREWAL    M    65    Independent    Not Alloted
9    HARJINDER SINGH    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
10    PRENEET KAUR    F    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
11    KRISHAN KUMAR SHARMA    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
12    BINDER KAUR    F    33    Independent    Not Alloted
13    MADAN GOPAL    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
14    SOHAN SINGH    M    57    Independent    Not Alloted
15    SATISH KUMAR    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
16    SAMSAN VINOD    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
17    VED PARKASH    M    55    Independent    Not Alloted
18    NEERAJ CHOPRA    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
19    BARJESH BATTA    M    54    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
20    RANJIT KAUR    F    60    Independent    Not Alloted
21    VIJAY KUMAR GOEL    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
22    VIJAY KUMAR    M    61    Independent    Not Alloted
23    AMRIK SINGH    M    57    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Not Alloted
24    RAM ISHER SINGH    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
25    HARMESH SINGH    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
26    JIT SINGH PAWAR    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
27    PREM CHAND    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
28    RAM CHAND    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
29    BANT SINGH    M    60    Independent    Not Alloted
30    BHUPINDER SINGH    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
31    AMARJIT KAUR    F    36    Independent    Not Alloted
32    ARUN SOOD    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
33    SANJIV KAUSHAL    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
34    NITIN GUPTA    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    1    7-May-09    RJ    GANGANAGAR    1    TITAR SINGH    M    67    Independent    Not Alloted
2    BHARAT RAM MEGHWAL    M    53    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    JASWINDER SINGH DHALIWAL    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
4    HET RAM    M    57    Rajasthan Vikas Party    Not Alloted
5    SITA RAM    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    MUKESH KUMAR    M    51    Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
7    SHEOPAT RAM    M    32    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
8    SINDU    F    48    Independent    Not Alloted
10    BHURA RAM    M    69    Independent    Not Alloted
11    RAJI RAM    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
12    SHILA DEVI    F    45    Independent    Not Alloted
13    SITA RAM MORYA    M    64    Independent    Not Alloted
15    NIHAL CHAND    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
17    HANUMAN RAM    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
18    OM PARKASH    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    2    7-May-09    RJ    BIKANER    1    ARJUN RAM MEGHWAL    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    GOVIND RAM    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    PAWAN KUMAR DUGGAL    M    33    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    REWAT RAM    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AADU RAM    M    68    Rajasthan Vikas Party    Railway Engine
6    BABULAL KHANDA    M    68    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
7    KUNDANLAL VALMIKI    M    28    Independent    Kite
8    KHEMCHAND NIBHAL    M    62    Independent    Not Alloted
9    GOPAL    M    64    Independent    Not Alloted
10    RATANI DEVI    F    41    Independent    Not Alloted
11    LAXMAN SINGH    M    44    Independent    Bat
S20    3    7-May-09    RJ    CHURU    1    SALIM GUJAR    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
2    RAM SINGH KASWAN    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    KAMALA KASWAN    F    63    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    YUSUF KHAN    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
5    RAFIQUE MANDELIA    M    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    MANGI LAL    M    41    Bharatiya Backward Party    Not Alloted
7    SHAILENDRA AWASTHI    M    53    Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
8    CHANDAN MAL    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
9    RADHE SHYAM SONI    M    55    Rashtriya Mangalam Party    Not Alloted
10    SHOKAT ALI    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
11    MOHAMMED SALIM    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
12    JITENDER KUMAR    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
13    BHANWAR LAL    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
14    GOPI KRISHAN    M    71    Independent    Not Alloted
15    BUDH RAM SAINI    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
16    SUSHEELA    F    43    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
17    JAGRUP SINGH    M    57    Rashtriya Vikas Party    Not Alloted
18    MOHMED RAFIQUE    M    30    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
19    VIJENDRA SINGH    M    54    Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party    Not Alloted
S20    4    7-May-09    RJ    JHUNJHUNU    1    SHEESH RAM OLA    M    81    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PHOOL CHAND    M    64    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
3    NETRAM    M    74    Rashtriya Raksha Dal    Not Alloted
5    RANDHIR SINGH    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
6    ROHITASHV KUMAR KALIYA    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
7    KHATRI MUSTAQ    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
8    NARAPAT SINGH RATHOR    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
9    SHER SINGH    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
10    RAKESH SABAL    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
11    DR DASRATH SINGH SHEKHAWAT    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
12    RANVEER SINGH GUDHA    M    36    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
13    DR GOPAL PRASAD SHARMA    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
14    RAVITA SHARMA    F    31    Rashtra Bhakt Dal    Not Alloted
S20    5    7-May-09    RJ    SIKAR    1    DEVENDRA KUMAR    M    54    Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
2    RAMESH CHANDRA SHARMA    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
3    SITA DEVI    F    41    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Not Alloted
4    BHAGIRATH SINGH KHARRANTE BHADHADAR    M    42    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Not Alloted
5    HEM CHAND AGRAWAL    M    38    Bhartiya Chaitanya Party    Not Alloted
6    SUBHASH MAHARIA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
7    AMARA RAM    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
8    HANUMAN SAHAI BUNKAR    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
9    BHARAT SINGH    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
11    MAHADEV SINGH    M    66    Indian National Congress    Hand
12    AJAY PAL    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
13    DWARGA PRASAD    M    48    Rajasthan Vikas Party    Not Alloted
14    MAKHAN LAL SAINI    M    31    Jago Party    Not Alloted
15    JUGAL KISHOR    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
16    MAHESH KUMAR    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
17    MAHABEER PARSAD    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
18    BHAGVAN SAHAY    M    47    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
S20    6    7-May-09    RJ    JAIPUR RURAL    1    RADHEYSHYAM MEENA    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
2    SUBHASH CHANDRA    M    57    Independent    Not Alloted
3    SUKHVEER SINGH JAUNAPURIA    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
4    RAMNIWAS    M    58    Independent    Not Alloted
5    RAM NIWAS YADAV    M    43    Janata Dal (United)    Not Alloted
7    LALCHAND KATARIA    M    40    Indian National Congress    Hand
8    MANJU DEVI    F    30    Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)    Not Alloted
9    JAGAT SINGH TANWAR    M    42    Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
10    VRADHICHAND KUMAWAT    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
11    ASHOK SINGH JONAPURIA    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
12    DHOONI LAL DHUHARIA    M    65    Independent    Not Alloted
13    KALU RAM    M    58    Independent    Not Alloted
15    ROHITASH KULDEEP RAIGAR    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
16    SHANKAR LAL BUNKAR    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
17    RAO RAJENDRA SINGH    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
19    RAJESH    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
20    BANWARI LAL MALI    M    67    Independent    Not Alloted
21    MATADEEN DHANKA    M    61    Independent    Not Alloted
23    CHHITAR MAL    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
25    RAKESH KUMAR    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
26    RAJENDRA    M    38    Rajasthan Vikas Party    Not Alloted
27    KESHAV RAM SHARMA    M    36    Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party    Not Alloted
28    SRAVAN LAL YADAV    M    39    Rashtra Bhakt Dal    Not Alloted
29    MUKARRAM ALI    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
30    SITARAM BUNKAR    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    7    7-May-09    RJ    JAIPUR    1    VIJAY PESHWANI    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    SANJAY GOYAL    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
3    GHANSHYAM TIWARI    M    62    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    KAILASH CHAND SAINI    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
5    RAMESH CHANDRA    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
6    PREM SAINI ALIAS PREMNATH    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
7    RAM LAL DHANKA    M    56    Independent    Not Alloted
8    SHYAM LAL VIJAY    M    56    Rashtra Bhakt Dal    Not Alloted
9    VISHNU PRATAP SINGH    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
11    RIYAJUL HASSAN    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
12    ABDUL RAJAK    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
13    IQBAL    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
14    MAHESH JOSHI    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
15    NIHAAL CHAND    M    63    Rashtriya Vikas Party    Not Alloted
16    HARGOVIND SINGH    M    47    Jago Party    Not Alloted
17    DR. AVINASH VISHNOI    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
18    KAILASH CHAND SAINI    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
19    SMT.BHANWAR KANWAR RAJAWAT    F    43    Independent    Not Alloted
20    BHASKAR DAAGAR    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
21    MANAV    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
22    MOINUDDEEN NARU    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
23    MOHAMMAD ASHRAF KURESHI    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
24    MOHAMMAD RAFEEK    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
25    RAJ KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
26    ROHITASH KULDEEP RAIGAR    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
27    DR. SAT DEVA NATH CHADDA    M    64    Independent    Not Alloted
28    SITA RAM BAIRWA    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
29    VIJAYPAL SINGH SHYORAN VIVEK    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
30    HAJI AFTAB    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    8    7-May-09    RJ    ALWAR    1    ABDUL GAFFAR    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    KIRAN    F    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAM LAL MEENA    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
4    JASRAM    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
6    MEGH SINGH    M    59    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Not Alloted
8    JITENDRA SINGH    M    38    Indian National Congress    Hand
10    GURDAYAL    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
11    BABU LAL SAINI    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
12    ASIN KHAN    M    54    National Lokhind Party    Not Alloted
13    VISWANATH KHINCHI    M    66    Rajasthan Vikas Party    Not Alloted
14    KIRAN    F    35    Independent    Not Alloted
16    S.NEHRA    M    74    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
17    BANWARI LAL    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
18    DULICHAND    M    69    Independent    Not Alloted
19    DHOKAL RAM    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
20    DEVENDRA    M    26    Jago Party    Not Alloted
21    KIRAN YADAV    F    26    Independent    Not Alloted
22    DURGA PRASAD ALOK    M    74    Independent    Not Alloted
23    JAGDISH    M    31    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Not Alloted
25    RADHE SHAYM YADAV    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
26    SHIV KUMAR    M    35    Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party    Not Alloted
S20    9    7-May-09    RJ    BHARATPUR    1    RATAN SINGH    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    MAMRAJ    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
3    JASWANT KUMAR    M    39    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Not Alloted
4    DURGA    M    60    Rashtriya Naujawan Dal    Not Alloted
5    MAHAVEER    M    43    Rajasthan Vikas Party    Not Alloted
6    KHEMCHAND    M    35    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
7    PADAM SINGH    M    65    Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
8    MUHAR SINGH    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
9    ANAND RAM    M    67    Independent    Not Alloted
10    PREM CHAND    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
11    ASHARAM URF ASHA    M    66    Independent    Not Alloted
12    VISHNU KUMAR    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
13    MUKESH    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
14    MANGAL RAM    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
15    NAGENDRA SINGH    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
16    RAMAN LAL    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
17    BHAGWAT PRASAD    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    10    7-May-09    RJ    KARAULI-DHOLPUR    1    DR MANOJ RAJORIA    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAM SINGH KOLI    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
4    HATTIRAM    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    LAKHAN SINGH    M    58    Independent    Not Alloted
6    PANJAB SINGH    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
7    DR MANOJ RAJORIA    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
9    HATTI RAM    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
10    KHILADI LAL BAIRWA    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
11    LALARAM DHOVI    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
12    SUNIT RAJORIA    F    33    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
13    RAMESH    M    57    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
14    GANGARAM    M    78    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Not Alloted
15    RAM VILAS    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
16    JAGAN LAL    M    72    Independent    Not Alloted
17    SHREELAL KHARE    M    54    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
18    CHARAN SINGH    M    62    Independent    Not Alloted
19    KAJOD KOLI    M    78    Independent    Not Alloted
20    KANCHAN BAI(BAIRWA)    F    50    Independent    Not Alloted
21    SHREE LAL BAIRWA    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
22    REKHA    F    32    Independent    Not Alloted
23    VIJAY SINGH    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
24    BANWARI    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
25    BHOORI SINGH KOLI    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
26    OM PRAKASH    M    55    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Not Alloted
S20    11    7-May-09    RJ    DAUSA    1    RAM KISHOR MEENA    M    58    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    LAXMAN    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    LOKESH    M    28    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ANJU DEVI DHANKA    F    32    Independent    Not Alloted
5    QUMMER RUBBANI    M    55    Independent    Not Alloted
6    KIRODI LAL    M    57    Independent    Not Alloted
7    GAJENDRA PAL SINGH    M    40    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Not Alloted
8    TANVEER AKHTAR    F    25    Independent    Not Alloted
9    DHARM SINGH    M    41    Jago Party    Not Alloted
10    BHARAT HOTLA    M    27    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
11    MUKESH KUMAR    M    33    Bahujan Shakty    Not Alloted
12    RAJENDRA SINGH    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
13    RAM LAL    M    31    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Not Alloted
14    RAMESHWAR NIRVAN    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
15    LADU    M    59    Independent    Not Alloted
16    SHIV RAM    M    48    Rajasthan Vikas Party    Not Alloted
S20    12    7-May-09    RJ    TONK-SAWAI MADHOPUR    1    KIRODI    M    76    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    NAMONARAYAN    M    65    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SURENDERA VYAS    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    OM PRAKASH    M    47    Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party    Not Alloted
5    KALURAM    M    47    Rajasthan Vikas Party    Not Alloted
6    KRISHAN PAL SINGH    M    43    Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
7    BHAG CHAND JAIN    M    67    Federal Congress of India    Not Alloted
8    RAM PRASAD MEENA    M    52    Indian Justice Party    Not Alloted
9    SAYAR    M    48    Rajasthan Dev Sena Dal    Not Alloted
10    ASHOK    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
11    IQBAL    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
12    KAMLESH    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
13    GOPI CHAND    M    57    Independent    Not Alloted
14    CHETAN KUMAR RANA    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
15    JAGANNATH MORLIYA    M    65    Independent    Not Alloted
16    JAVED    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
17    DAMODAR    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
18    NITIN SAINI    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
19    PREM LATA BANSIWAL    F    47    Independent    Not Alloted
20    BADRI LAL BAIRWA    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
21    BANWARI    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
22    MEETHA LAL JAIN    M    70    Independent    Not Alloted
23    MUKESH SONI    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
24    MUSHAHID ZUBERI    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
25    RAM CHANDRA    M    47    Independent    Not Alloted
26    MOULANA WAJID ALI    M    82    Independent    Not Alloted
27    SHIV SINGH    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    13    7-May-09    RJ    AJMER    1    SACHIN PILOT    M    31    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    KIRAN MAHESHWARI    F    47    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    INDER CHAND PALIWALA    M    65    Jago Party    Not Alloted
4    DR. BAJRANG SINGH RAJPUROHIT    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
5    ROHITASH    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    DR. HEMANT ARORA    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
7    USHA KIRAN VERMA    F    61    Independent    Not Alloted
8    SHANTILAL DHABARIA    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
9    NAFISUDDIN    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
10    DR SUSHIL KUMAR VIJAYVARGIYA    M    55    Independent    Not Alloted
11    SUNIL LAKHOTIA    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
12    SUSHILA KINNAR    F    40    Independent    Not Alloted
13    BHANWARLAL SONI    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
14    MUKESH JAIN    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
15    DEEPAK AGARWAL    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
16    SHAKTI NOORA KATHAT    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
17    RAFIQ MOHAMMED MANSURI    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    14    7-May-09    RJ    NAGAUR    1    BINDU CHAUDHARY    F    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    DR. JYOTI MIRDHA    F    36    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    DHOLIYA INDRARAM JORARAM    M    61    Independent    Not Alloted
4    JALE SINGH    M    37    Rajasthan Vikas Party    Not Alloted
5    ABDUL AZIZ    M    71    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    VINOD KUMAR PITTI    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
7    RAMJAN SAHAB    M    63    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
8    DASHRATH SINGH    M    35    Jago Party    Not Alloted
9    LAXMI NIWAS    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
10    SUNIL    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
11    LOON KARAN    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    15    7-May-09    RJ    PALI    1    PUSP JAIN    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    TANMAY    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
3    MOOLA RAM    M    67    Independent    Not Alloted
4    MAHENDRA GEHLOT    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
5    GEETA    F    40    Independent    Not Alloted
6    PUKHRAJ    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
7    SHAMPHU SINGH    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
8    INDRA SINGH RAPUROHIT    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
9    BHEEM SINGH RAJPUROHIT    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
10    CHANDRASHEKHAR RAJPUROHIT    M    27    Lok Paritran    Not Alloted
11    GANPAT SINGH RAJPUROHIT    M    26    Jago Party    Not Alloted
12    MUKESH OJHA    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
13    HARILAL    M    62    Independent    Not Alloted
14    SURENDRA SINGH    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
15    SHANKER LAL NARBAN    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
16    SHANKER LAL NARBAN    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
17    BADRIRAM    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
18    KUKA    F    54    Independent    Not Alloted
19    MISHRI LAL NAYAK    M    52    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Not Alloted
20    HARILAL    M    62    Independent    Not Alloted
21    RAJU SINGH    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
22    BHAGARAM    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
23    MADHAV SINGH    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
24    KANHAIYALAL    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
26    HARI SINGH RAJPUROHIT    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
27    BHANWAR LAL MEGHWAL    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
28    HEERARAM    M    40    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
29    HEERARAM    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
30    SHREEPAL JAIN    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
31    KARNA RAM    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
32    PREM MEHRA    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
33    HEMRAJ RAVAL    M    64    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    16    7-May-09    RJ    JODHPUR    1    DILIP SINGH RAJPUROHIT    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
2    ASLAM    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
4    GEETA    F    30    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    LADU RAM    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
6    JASWANT SINGH    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
7    MOHMAD ARIF    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
8    VIJAY KUMAR    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
9    RAJESH KHAN    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
10    RAJU RAM    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
11    VISHEK VISHONI    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
12    PRAKASH JOSHI    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
13    ARJUN SINGH    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
14    DEVKISHAN SONI    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
15    CHANDRESH KUMARI    F    65    Indian National Congress    Hand
16    MEHMUDA BEGUM ABBASI    F    52    Independent    Not Alloted
17    GOPAL    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
18    CHANDRAKANTA    F    34    Independent    Not Alloted
19    DINESH KUMAR    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
20    BABULAL    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
21    PREM SINGH RAJPUORHIT    M    44    Jago Party    Not Alloted
22    GURDAN SINGH    M    43    Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party    Not Alloted
23    SABIR GORI    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
24    DIDAR    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
25    KAN5TA RAMAWAT    M    55    Independent    Not Alloted
26    CHAMPALAL    M    60    Independent    Not Alloted
27    DEVARAM    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
28    PRABHAKAR    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
29    JAGDEEP    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
30    PRAVIND KUMAR    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
31    BALVEER SINGH    M    45    Samajwadi Jan Parishad    Not Alloted
32    RAMDAYAL    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    17    7-May-09    RJ    BARMER    1    LAXMAN SINGH    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
2    MANA RAM    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
3    HAMIRA RAM    M    47    Independent    Not Alloted
4    HARISH CHOUDHARY    M    38    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    POPAT RAM    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
6    MANVENDRA SINGH    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
7    ASURAM BHIL    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
8    GOTAM    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
9    PEMA RAM    M    63    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Not Alloted
10    RANA MAL    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
11    JAN MOHAMAD    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
12    SATYAPRAKASH    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
13    MAHENDRA VYAS    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
14    ARJUN RAM    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
15    SINGHVI TRIBHUVAN    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
16    CHAULA RAM    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
17    MEWA RAM    M    47    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    18    7-May-09    RJ    JALORE    1    SUKHRAJ    M    66    Independent    Not Alloted
2    SHANTI PARMAR    F    48    Independent    Not Alloted
3    DINESH KUMAR    M    65    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
4    POKRA RAM    M    60    Independent    Not Alloted
5    SANDHYA    F    42    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    LEHAR GIRI    M    63    Independent    Not Alloted
7    MEGWAL SAKAJI    M    63    Independent    Not Alloted
8    RAM DEO ACHARYA    M    64    Independent    Not Alloted
10    NANDA DEVI    F    36    Rajasthan Vikas Party    Railway Engine
11    MAGA RAM    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
12    CHHAGANLAL    M    52    Indian Justice Party    Not Alloted
13    CHHAGANLAL MALI    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
14    BHANWARLAL WAGHELA    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
15    GOPA RAM    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
17    PRABHU SINGH    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
19    BUTA SINGH    M    74    Independent    Not Alloted
21    MUKESH SUNDESHA    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
22    GANGA SINGH    M    32    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
23    BAGDA RAM    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
24    POPAT LAL MEGHWAL    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
26    DEVJI PATEL    M    32    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
28    HAJARI MAL    M    63    Independent    Not Alloted
29    GOPAL RAM    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
30    BABULAL PARMAR    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
31    VIKRANT SAXENA    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
33    HEERA LAL    M    62    Independent    Not Alloted
35    BHAIROON SINGH SANKHALA    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
36    CHHAGANLAL MEGHWAL    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    19    7-May-09    RJ    UDAIPUR    1    MEGHRAJ    M    70    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    MAHAVEER BHAGORA    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    BAKSIRAM MEENA    M    74    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    GOTA MEENA    M    42    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Not Alloted
5    RAGHUVEER SINGH    M    48    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    SHNKUNTLA DHANKA    F    40    Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
7    OM PRAKASH    M    45    Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)    Not Alloted
8    LALJI BHAI MEENA    M    66    Jago Party    Not Alloted
S20    20    7-May-09    RJ    BANSWARA    1    HAKARU    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    MOHANLAL DAMOR    M    73    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
3    BANNU    M    40    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Not Alloted
4    TARACHAND    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    BHANJI    M    77    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    DURGA DEVI    M    27    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
7    PRABHULAL RAWAT    M    64    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
S20    21    7-May-09    RJ    CHITTORGARH    1    BHAVNA DEVI    F    39    Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)    Not Alloted
2    SHRICHAND KRIPLANI    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RADHADAVI    F    51    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
4    A.B. SHING URF AMRENDRA BHADUR SHING    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    GUNWANTLAL SHARMA    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
6    KRISHNA SINGH (KACHHER)    M    63    Jago Party    Not Alloted
7    KARULAL MEENA    M    45    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Not Alloted
8    LEHRU    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
10    JASWANT SINGH    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
11    RAM CHANDRA JOSHI    M    64    Independent    Not Alloted
12    SHIVANGI SHASTRI    F    33    Independent    Not Alloted
13    SANTOSH JOSI    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
14    SITARAM GUJHAR    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
15    GIRIJA VYAS    F    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
17    LAXMAN LAL JAT    M    56    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    22    7-May-09    RJ    RAJSAMAND    1    GOPAL SINGH    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    NEERU RAM    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    RASA SINGH RAWAT    M    67    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    MAHENDRA SINGH    M    31    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
5    RAMESH SOLANKI    M    56    Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)    Not Alloted
6    DR. GANPAT BANSAL    M    56    Independent    Not Alloted
7    GANESH LAL KUMAWAT    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
8    GIRDHARI SINGH    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
9    DEVA RAM    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
10    PRITHVI SINGH ALIAS PRITHVI RAJ SINGH    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
11    BHANWAR LAL MALI    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
12    MANGI LAL RAWAL    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
13    LAXMI LAL MALI (SAINI)    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
14    SUKH LAL GURJAR    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
15    SURYA BHAVANI SINGH CHAWRA    M    30    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Not Alloted
S20    23    7-May-09    RJ    BHILWARA    1    DR. C. P. JOSHI    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    VIJAYENDRA PAL SINGH    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    HARISH GURJAR    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RAMESHWAR LAL    M    36    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Not Alloted
5    LAXMI NARAYAN PARMAR    M    56    Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)    Not Alloted
6    VINEET KUMAR MAHESHWARI    M    42    Jago Party    Not Alloted
7    ASLAMSHEKH    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
8    OMPRAKASH    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
9    RATANLAL DHOBI    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
10    RAMCHANDUR    M    47    Independent    Not Alloted
11    RAMPAL SONI    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
12    RAM PRASAD SIROTHA    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
13    ROOPNARAYAN GURJAR    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    24    7-May-09    RJ    KOTA    1    RAM RAJ    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
2    RAM KRISHAN SHARMA    M    70    Independent    Not Alloted
3    SHYAM    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    PRIYANK    M    29    Jago Party    Not Alloted
5    SHYAM SUNDER SHARMA    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
6    GOVIND SINGH    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
7    JAMUNA PRASAD    M    72    Independent    Not Alloted
8    RAMESHWAR MAMORE MEENA    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
9    IJYARAJ SINGH    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
10    BADAM BERWA    F    39    Independent    Not Alloted
11    BABU LAL MEGHWAL    M    43    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Not Alloted
12    RAMHET    M    42    Indian Justice Party    Not Alloted
13    SAMUDRA SINGH    M    72    Akahand Bharat Maha Sangh Sarvahara Krantikari Party    Not Alloted
14    JUGAL KISHORE ‘VAKIL’    M    55    Independent    Not Alloted
15    FARHEEN TABSSUM    F    33    Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
16    DR. K. SHRINGI    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
S20    25    7-May-09    RJ    JHALAWAR-BARAN    1    SHOBHA DEVI    F    35    Independent    Not Alloted
2    DUSHYANT SINGH    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    LAXMAN KUMAR    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
5    JHAPATMAL    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
6    TARA CHAND    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
7    JAGDISH    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
8    MOHAMMAD RAFIQ    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
9    SULEMAN    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
10    URMILA JAIN “BHAYA”    F    36    Indian National Congress    Hand
11    RAMHET    M    43    Jago Party    Not Alloted
12    DUSHYANT KUMAR    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
13    ABDUL QAYYUM SIDDIQUI    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
14    FAZAR MOHAMMAD    M    69    Independent    Not Alloted
15    GHASI LAL MEGHWAL    M    40    Bharatiya Bahujan Party    Flag with Three Stars
16    KISHORILAL    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
17    ABDUL FARID    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
S21    1    30-Apr-09    SK    SIKKIM    1    KHARANANDA UPRETI    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PADAM BDR. CHETTRI    M    32    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    PREM DAS RAI    M    54    Sikkim Democratic Front    Umbrella
4    BHIM SUBBA    M    64    Sikkim Jan-Ekta Party    Candles
5    NAR BAHADUR KHATIWADA    M    68    Sikkim Gorkha Prajatantrik Party    Battery Torch
6    TARA KR. PRADHAN    M    36    Sikkim Himali Rajya Parishad    Dolli
7    ATRI RAM CHANDRA POUDYAL    M    65    Independent    Walking Stick
S23    1    23-Apr-09    TR    TRIPURA WEST    1    NILMANI DEB    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    KHAGEN DAS    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    SUDIP ROY BARMAN    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SANJIB DEY    M    32    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
5    ARUN CHANDRA BHOWMIK    M    63    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
6    RAKHAL RAJ DATTA    M    60    Amra Bangalee    Candles
7    PARTHA KARMAKAR    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
8    TITU SAHA    M    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
9    BINOY DEB BARMA    M    49    Independent    Saw
10    SUBRATA BHOWMIK    M    58    Independent    Table Lamp
S23    2    23-Apr-09    TR    TRIPURA EAST    1    PULIN BEHARI DEWAN    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    BAJU BAN RIYAN    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    DIBA CHANDRA HRANGKHWAL    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    RITA RANI DEBBARMA    F    51    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
5    KARNA DHAN CHAKMA    M    37    Amra Bangalee    Candles
6    FALGUNI TRIPURA    M    42    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    RAJESH DEB BARMA    M    34    Independent    Railway Engine
8    BINOY REANG    M    34    Independent    Battery Torch
9    MEVAR KUMAR JAMATIA    M    40    Independent    Saw
S24    2    7-May-09    UP    KAIRANA    1    TABASSUM BEGUM    F    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    SHAJAN MASOOD    M    36    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    SURENDRA KUMAR    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    HUKUM SINGH    M    71    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    KARAN SINGH SAINI    M    40    Jansatta Party    Sewing Machine
6    KUNWAR PAL    M    50    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
7    PRIYA KUMAR    M    37    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Car
8    RAJNISH NOTIAL    M    28    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
9    RAJ BAHADUR    M    26    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
10    SHAFIK    M    52    United National Loktantrik Party    Car
11    ANWAR HASAN    M    37    Independent    Kettle
12    ABHISHEK    M    25    Independent    Cup & Saucer
13    ARSHAD    M    29    Independent    Bat
14    OMPRAKASH    M    64    Independent    Cup & Saucer
15    KULDEEP    M    32    Independent    Banana
16    JEESHAN MASOOD    M    32    Independent    Railway Engine
17    BRAHAM PAL    M    38    Independent    Glass Tumbler
18    MUKTA SINGH    F    35    Independent    Scissors
19    RAHUL    M    27    Independent    Cot
20    LAKHMI    M    53    Independent    Sewing Machine
S24    3    7-May-09    UP    MUZAFFARNAGAR    1    KADIR RANA    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    DHEER SINGH    M    45    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    SANGEET KUMAR    M    29    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    HRENDRA SINGH MALIK    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ANURADHA CHAUDHARY    F    48    Rashtriya Lok Dal    Hand Pump
6    ABDUL AJIJ    M    57    Peace Party    Railway Engine
7    ASUTOSH PANDEY    M    30    Lok Dal    Diesel Pump
8    NAWAB ALI    M    28    National Lokhind Party    Scissors
9    MANISH    M    35    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Railway Engine
10    SATISH KUMAR    M    32    Jansatta Party    Sewing Machine
11    SALAMUDIN    M    45    Nelopa(United)    Kite
12    INDERPAL    M    67    Independent    Not Alloted
13    NARENDRA KUMAR    M    44    Independent    Cup & Saucer
14    NOOR SALIM RANA    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
15    PRAMOD PAL    M    41    Independent    Almirah
16    BHAGWAT SINGH    M    66    Independent    Not Alloted
17    MUKTA SINGH    F    25    Independent    Sewing Machine
18    RANVEER    M    49    Independent    Railway Engine
19    RAJENDRA SINGH    M    60    Independent    Cup & Saucer
20    RITA    F    31    Independent    Kite
21    VIJAY    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
22    VEERPAL    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
23    SAIDA BEGUM    F    40    Independent    Not Alloted
24    SALEK MALIK    M    37    Independent    Gas Cylinder
25    SATYAVEER    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
26    SIMRAN THAKUR    F    29    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    10    7-May-09    UP    MEERUT    1    MALOOK NAGAR    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    SHAHID MANZOOR    M    54    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    RAJENDRA AGARWAL    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    RAJENDRA SHARMA    M    61    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ARUN KUMAR JAIN    M    57    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
6    MUGHIS AHMAD GILANI    M    53    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
7    RAJESH KUMAR    M    42    Indian Justice Party    Not Alloted
8    RAJKUMAR TYAGI    M    38    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Not Alloted
9    SANTOSH AHLUWALIA    F    40    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Not Alloted
10    DR. HARI SINGH AZAD    M    65    Akhil Bharatiya Loktantra Party    Not Alloted
11    TEJVEER SINGH    M    67    Rashtrawadi Sena    Not Alloted
12    JENESHWAR PRASHAD SHARMA    M    60    Rashtravadi Janata Party    Not Alloted
13    AJAY AGARWAL    M    44    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)    Not Alloted
14    BASANT KUMAR    M    32    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party    Not Alloted
15    MOH. SAHID    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
16    SUDHIR NANDAN SARAN    M    62    Independent    Not Alloted
17    DARA SINGH    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
18    BHARAT BHUSAN    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
19    DR. SURENDAR KUMAR KHATRI    M    61    Independent    Not Alloted
20    ANIL KUMAR SUBHASH    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
21    ATUL TYAGI    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
22    SHREEPAL SINGH    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
23    LOHARI    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
24    ZARRAR    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
25    SANJEEV KUMAR    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
26    KRISHNA KUMAR GARG    M    59    Independent    Not Alloted
27    KHALID AHMAD    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
28    SALIM    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
29    SUNIL KUMAR    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
30    RAJENDRA SINGH YADAV    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
31    KRISHNA PAL    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    11    7-May-09    UP    BAGHPAT    1    IRFAN    M    25    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    MUKESH SHARMA    M    26    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SOMPAL    M    60    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SAHAB SINGH    M    50    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    AJIT SINGH    M    65    Rashtriya Lok Dal    Hand Pump
6    ABDUL RASHID    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
7    OMPAL    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
8    KALIM AHMAD    M    40    National Lokhind Party    Not Alloted
9    KHUSHI RAM    M    50    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
10    GULZAR    M    52    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Not Alloted
11    JAIKARAN    M    50    Republican Party of India    Not Alloted
12    DEVENDRA KUMAR    M    50    Bharat Ki Lok Jimmedar Party    Not Alloted
13    DHARAMPAL GIRI    M    50    Navbharat Nirman Party    Not Alloted
14    FIRDOAUS A /S FIRDAUS RANA    F    50    Majdoor Kisan Union Party    Not Alloted
15    YOGESH    M    40    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Not Alloted
16    VEDPAL    M    45    Vanchit Jamat Party    Bat
17    SHALINI    F    45    Jan Morcha    Not Alloted
18    SURENDAR    M    50    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Not Alloted
19    ANIS    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
20    ISTAKHAR    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
21    JAIPARKASH    M    55    Independent    Not Alloted
22    TEJPAL SINGH    M    55    Independent    Not Alloted
23    PRAVEEN KUMAR    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
24    BRIJ BHUSHAN    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
25    RAVINDRA KUMAR    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
26    RAVI KANT    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
27    SUBHASH    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
28    SANJEEV    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
29    HARI KISHAN    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    13    7-May-09    UP    GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR    1    POONAM    F    31    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)    Not Alloted
2    NARENDRA SINGH BHATTI    M    50    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    MANOJ    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
4    CHOTE LAL    M    48    Rashtriya Yuva Sangh    Aeroplane
6    DHARAM VEER    M    64    Independent    Not Alloted
7    MAHESH KUMAR SHARMA    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
8    RAHEESH    M    50    Nelopa(United)    Not Alloted
9    ANIL PANDIT    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
11    PREM SINGH    M    44    Republican Party of India    Not Alloted
12    SHER SINGH    M    41    Awami Party    Not Alloted
13    DR JAMAL AHAMAD KHAN    M    62    National Lokhind Party    Not Alloted
14    SUKHVEER    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
15    K.K SHARMA    M    50    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
17    SURENDRA SINGH NAGAR    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
18    RAMESH CHAND TOMAR    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
19    MAHESH    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
20    KINNAR GUDDI SHARMA    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
21    RAJENDRA PAL SINGH    M    58    Independent    Not Alloted
22    SONIYA SHARMA    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
23    ANIL KUMAR    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
25    LUBNA ASHIF    M    25    All India Minorities Front    Not Alloted
26    RASHEM SWAROOP    F    43    Independent    Not Alloted
27    JAGAT SINGH    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
30    AMIT SINGH    M    25    Navbharat Nirman Party    Not Alloted
31    ARVIND    M    35    Ambedkar National Congress    Not Alloted
32    GHANSHYAM SHARMA    M    34    Rashtrawadi Sena    Not Alloted
34    KAMLESH CHOUDHRY    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
36    SHAILESH KUMAR SRIVASTVA    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    14    7-May-09    UP    BULANDSHAHR    1    ASHOK KUMAR PRADHAN    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    KAMLESH    M    43    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    DEVI DAYAL    M    66    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    RAJ KUMAR GAUTAM    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    KARAN SINGH BHOOCHAL    M    56    Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party    Not Alloted
6    KANTI    F    54    Akhil Bharatiya Rajarya Sabha    Not Alloted
7    KHAN CHAND    M    59    Rashtravadi Janata Party    Not Alloted
8    JAY BHAGWAN    M    35    Navbharat Nirman Party    Not Alloted
9    BALRAM    M    43    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Not Alloted
10    RAGHURAJ SINGH    M    45    Rashtriya Kranti Party    Not Alloted
11    RAJO    F    31    Nelopa(United)    Not Alloted
12    SHAHPAL    M    54    Indian Justice Party    Not Alloted
13    SOHAN PAL    M    45    National Lokhind Party    Not Alloted
14    SUDHA SINGH    F    37    Republican Party of India    Not Alloted
15    SUSHILA SINGH    F    60    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Not Alloted
16    SURAJMUKHI GAUTAM    F    38    United National Loktantrik Party    Not Alloted
17    KAMLESH    F    39    Independent    Not Alloted
18    JAGDISH PRASHAD VERMA    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
19    PRAVEEN    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
20    BABU SINGH    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
21    MADANPAL    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
22    RAMESH URF RAMESH CHAND ASHOK    M    66    Independent    Not Alloted
23    SAVITA DEVI    F    39    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    15    7-May-09    UP    ALIGARH    1    RAJ KUMARI CHAUHAN    F    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PREM PAL SINGH    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
3    HARENDRA SINGH BURMAN    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
4    BABA BUDHASEN    M    69    Independent    Not Alloted
5    ZAFAR ALAM    M    66    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    PRABHAT KUMAR    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
7    BABULAL VERMA    M    71    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Not Alloted
8    MOHAMMAD YUSUF KHAN    M    26    Momin Conference    Not Alloted
9    MUKESH    M    29    National Lokhind Party    Not Alloted
10    KAILASH    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
11    BIJENDRA SINGH    M    52    Indian National Congress    Hand
12    SHEELA GAUTAM    F    77    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
13    RAKESH SAXENA    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
14    BHAGVAN SAHAY    M    63    Independent    Not Alloted
15    SHER MOHAMMAD    M    47    Independent    Not Alloted
16    HARI CHANDRA    M    37    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Not Alloted
17    IRFAN KHAN    M    36    Independent    Not Alloted
18    DEVI PRASHAD    M    72    Maulik Adhikar Party    Not Alloted
19    DR JAIPAL SINGH    M    69    Independent    Not Alloted
20    NATTHILAL    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
21    ALPANA GAUTAM    F    45    Bharatiya Sarvkalayan Kranti Dal    Not Alloted
22    SANJAY    M    33    Lok Dal    Not Alloted
23    MUNESH KUMAR BHARTI    M    33    Republican Party of India    Not Alloted
24    AKHTAR    M    46    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Not Alloted
25    SHISHUPAL SINGH    M    51    Proutist Sarva Samaj    Not Alloted
26    TEJVIR SINGH    M    62    Independent    Not Alloted
27    MAHESH PRATAP SHARMA    M    54    Rashtriya Vikas Party    Not Alloted
28    MAVEER DHARAMVEER SINGH    M    42    Indian Justice Party    Not Alloted
S24    17    7-May-09    UP    MATHURA    1    UDYAN SHARMA    M    42    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    PHAKKAD BABA    M    64    Independent    Not Alloted
3    PRAMOD    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
4    HEARA SINGH    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
5    ASHRAF ALI    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
6    PITAM SINGH    M    72    Independent    Not Alloted
7    SHYAM SUNDER SHARMA    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
8    GOPAL SAINI    M    25    Independent    Not Alloted
9    DEVENDRA    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
10    JAGDISH    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
11    VINOD    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
12    RAJ KUMARI    F    50    Independent    Not Alloted
13    YADRAM PANKAJ    M    56    Independent    Not Alloted
14    MANVENDRA SINGH    M    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
15    BHANU PRATAP    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
16    JAI PRAKASH    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
17    SHYAM SUNDAR    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
18    DATA RAM    M    60    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
19    PRAMOD KUMAR PACHAURI    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
20    JAYANT K SINGH    M    30    Rashtriya Lok Dal    Hand Pump
21    BABU LAL SHARMA    M    70    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    18    7-May-09    UP    AGRA    1    NITYANAND    M    55    Independent    Aeroplane
2    KUNWAR CHAND    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    VINOD KUMAR    M    47    Independent    Television
4    CHANDRA PAL    M    61    Independent    Kite
5    DR. RAMSHANKAR    M    43    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
6    GANESHI LAL    M    43    Independent    Pressure Cooker
7    BOBY    M    36    Independent    Aeroplane
8    VIVEK CHAUHAN    M    35    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Railway Engine
9    RAJESH KUMAR    M    33    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party    Scissors
10    PRABHUDAYAL KATHERIA    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
11    RAMJI LAL SUMAN    M    57    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
12    SHYAM KISHORE KARDAM    M    76    Independent    Hat
13    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    27    Independent    Rising Sun
14    AKHLESH KUMAR    M    45    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
15    RAMESH    M    30    Jai Bharat Samanta Party    Bat
16    RAKESH    M    40    Independent    Car
17    PUSHPA DEVI    F    44    Independent    Not Alloted
18    RAM DEVI    F    46    Hind Vikas Party    Chair
19    YOGENDRA PAL SINGH    M    28    Independent    Not Alloted
20    MRADULA SINGH    M    33    Independent    Coconut
21    BHAGWAN SAHAI DHANGAR    M    69    Independent    Diesel Pump
22    HASNURAM AMBEDKARI    M    54    Independent    Cot
S24    19    7-May-09    UP    FATEHPUR SIKRI    1    CHANDAN SINGH    M    49    Brij Kranti Dal    Bat
2    BAFATI SHAH    M    25    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
3    SEEMA UPADHAYAY    F    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ARYA RAMSHARAN URF LAHTU    M    71    Lok Dal    Diesel Pump
5    AMBEDKARI HASNURAM AMBEDKARI    M    54    Independent    Cot
6    MUNNA URF MUNNALAL    M    44    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
7    RAJ BABBAR    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
8    RAGHURAJ SINGH SHAKYA    M    40    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
9    SUBHASH SHARMA    M    45    Independent    Battery Torch
10    VINOD KUMAR    M    45    Independent    Table Lamp
11    RAJA MAHENDRA ARIDAMAN SINGH    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
12    NARESH    M    28    Independent    Cup & Saucer
13    BENI PRASAD    M    59    Independent    Aeroplane
14    RANVIR SINGH    M    36    Independent    Bow & Arrow
15    SURENDRA KUMAR    M    35    Rashtriya Janutthan Party    Walking Stick
16    BRAJENDRA SINGH    M    53    Independent    Railway Engine
17    DHRUV KUMAR    M    36    Independent    Banana
18    MANJEET    M    25    Independent    Chair
19    DEV PAL SINGH    M    40    Independent    Rising Sun
20    PRAMOD KUMAR JAIN    M    45    Independent    Balloon
21    SUNDER SINGH    M    36    Independent    Iron
22    DEUPTY    M    47    Independent    Railway Engine
23    SANTOSH    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
24    RANI PACCHALIKA SINGH    F    48    Independent    Car
25    PRAMOD KUMAR    M    35    Independent    Almirah
26    ANWAR KHAN    M    41    Independent    Scissors
27    DEVENDRA    M    31    Independent    Not Alloted
28    VIJAY PAL    M    31    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
29    SAMARVIR    M    36    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
30    GANGA RAM    M    54    Independent    Flaming Torch
31    RAMJAAN    M    31    Independent    Cup & Saucer
32    LAKHAN SINGH    M    45    Independent    Aeroplane
33    SATISH CHANDRA    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    21    7-May-09    UP    MAINPURI    1    TRIPTI SHAKYA    F    31    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    VINAY SHAKYA    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    GENDA LAL PAL    M    56    Rashtrawadi Labour Party    Kite
4    SACHCHIDA NAND    M    57    Independent    Railway Engine
5    HAKIM SINGH YADAV    M    65    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
6    ABADHESH SHAKYA    M    41    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Axe
7    SARVESH    M    31    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
8    PRAVEEN YADAV    M    40    Mahan Dal    Gas Cylinder
9    MAN SINGH KASHYAP    M    53    Lok Dal    Diesel Pump
10    MULAYAM SINGH YADAV    M    69    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
11    RAJVIR SINGH    M    43    National Democratic Peoples Front    Television
12    ARCHANA YADAV    F    40    Independent    Gas Cylinder
13    YOGENDRA SINGH    M    41    Indian Justice Party    Scissors
14    AJAY KUMAR SINGH    M    51    Independent    Car
15    KARUNA NIDHI PANDEY    M    46    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Aeroplane
17    RAVINDRA SINGH    M    69    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
S24    22    7-May-09    UP    ETAH    1    KUNWAR DEVENDRA SINGH YADAV    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PUSHPA    F    57    Independent    Not Alloted
3    PREETY    F    27    Independent    Not Alloted
4    KALYAN SINGH    M    78    Independent    Not Alloted
5    SHABBIR    M    50    Nelopa(United)    Not Alloted
6    RAJENDRA    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
7    RISHIPAL    M    46    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Jug
8    DR. SHYAM SINGH SHAKYA    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
9    RAJVEER SINGH    M    46    Vanchit Jamat Party    Bat
10    HARENDRA KUMAR SINGH    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
11    SATENDRA KUMAR    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
12    DR. MAHADEEPAK SINGH SHAKYA    M    84    Indian National Congress    Hand
13    MUNABBAR HUSAIN    M    55    National Lokhind Party    Gas Cylinder
14    INDRA PAL    M    46    Rashtriya Surya Prakash Party    Aeroplane
15    MEINUDDINE    M    57    Independent    Not Alloted
16    DEVENDRA SINGH    M    53    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
17    KALIYAN SINGH    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
18    HANS RAJ SINGH    M    72    Independent    Not Alloted
19    KALIYAN SINGH    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
20    CHANDRA MUKHI    F    31    Independent    Not Alloted
21    SAKIR ALI    M    59    Independent    Not Alloted
22    RAJESH    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
23    HARISH CHANDRA    M    61    Independent    Not Alloted
24    RADHEY SHYAM    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
25    KALYAN    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
26    ANGOORI DEVI    F    41    Independent    Not Alloted
27    SANDEEP    M    48    Republican Party of India (A)    Not Alloted
28    SHEELENDRA KUMAR    M    32    Independent    Not Alloted
29    KALYAN SINGH    M    69    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    30    30-Apr-09    UP    SITAPUR    1    KAISAR JAHAN    F    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    GYAN TIWARI    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    JAGDISH NARAYAN SHUKLA    M    67    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    MAHENDRA SINGH VERMA    M    58    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    RAM LAL RAHI    M    63    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    KULDEEP KUMAR    M    33    Peace Party    Cup & Saucer
7    GAYA PRASAD    M    50    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
8    GOVIND    M    37    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Coat
9    DAYA SHANKAR BOSE    M    48    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
10    MAIKU LAL    M    45    Bharatiya Subhash Sena    Scissors
11    RAM DAS    M    63    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Jug
12    HARE RAM FAUJI    M    44    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
13    DILEEP KUMAR    M    32    Independent    Candles
14    DIPENDRA KUMAR VERMA    M    36    Independent    Sewing Machine
15    MUNNA LAL    M    36    Independent    Bat
16    HARGOVIND RAWAT (PASI)    M    72    Independent    Kite
S24    31    30-Apr-09    UP    HARDOI    1    USHA VERMA    F    43    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    PURNIMA VERMA    F    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAM KUMAR KURIL    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    BALAKRAM    M    48    Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)    Battery Torch
5    BHAIYA LAL ALIAS CHAMAN BABU    M    35    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Balloon
6    SHANTISWAROOP    M    52    Republican Party of India    Kite
7    HARIBAKHSH    M    50    Navbharat Nirman Party    Railway Engine
8    USHA    F    48    Independent    Almirah
9    JAGANNATH    M    45    Independent    Cup & Saucer
10    RAJENDRA KUMAR    M    49    Independent    Banana
11    SHIV KUMAR    M    58    Independent    Road Roller
S24    32    30-Apr-09    UP    MISRIKH    1    ANIL KUMAR ALIAS ANIL BHARGAV    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    ASHOK KUMAR RAWAT    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    OM PRAKASH    M    47    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SHYAM PRAKASH    M    49    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    RAM AUTAR    M    52    Republican Party of India (A)    Cup & Saucer
6    VISHAMBHAR DAYAL    M    38    Rashtravadi Communist Party    Scissors
7    UDAY PRATAP    M    39    Independent    Carrot
8    RAKESH KUMAR    M    26    Independent    Coconut
9    RAM DAYAL    M    64    Independent    Almirah
10    RAM SAGAR    M    34    Independent    Kite
11    SHIV PAL    M    44    Independent    Balloon
12    SANJAYKUMAR    M    26    Independent    Ceiling Fan
13    SAHEB LAL    M    27    Independent    Road Roller
S24    33    30-Apr-09    UP    UNNAO    1    ANNUTANDON    F    51    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    ARUNSHANKARSHUKLA    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DEEPAKKUMAR    M    40    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    RAMESHKUMARSINGH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    UMESHCHANDRA    M    25    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
6    CHHEDILAL    M    42    Republican Party of India (A)    Scissors
7    JAVEDRAZA    M    39    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
8    RAJKISHORESINGH    M    36    Rashtravadi Communist Party    Railway Engine
9    RAJUKASHYAP    M    40    Vanchit Jamat Party    Almirah
10    RAMAOTAR    M    63    Buddhiviveki Vikas Party    Whistle
11    RAMSEVAK    M    44    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
12    RASHIDQAMAR    M    28    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Ladder
13    SHIVSHANKERKUSHWAHA    M    46    Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena    Balloon
14    ASHOKKUMAR    M    39    Independent    Battery Torch
15    KRISHNAPALSINGHVAIS    M    62    Independent    Harmonium
16    CHANDRASHEKHARTIWARI    M    43    Independent    Coat
17    ABHICHHEDILALYADAV    M    47    Independent    Banana
18    RAMASHREY    M    36    Independent    Coconut
19    LALA    M    40    Independent    Basket
20    VASUDEVVISHARAD    M    65    Independent    Bat
21    SUNILKUMAR    M    35    Independent    Kite
S24    34    30-Apr-09    UP    MOHANLALGANJ    1    JAI PRAKASH    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    RANJAN KUMAR CHAUDHARY    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SUSHILA SAROJ    F    58    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    JAIPAL PATHIK    M    50    Rashtravadi Communist Party    Cup & Saucer
5    R.K.CHAUDHARY    M    50    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party    Scissors
6    SATTIDEEN    M    53    Uttar Pradesh Republican Party    Almirah
7    RAM DHAN    M    42    Independent    Table
S24    35    30-Apr-09    UP    LUCKNOW    1    DR. AKHILESH DAS GUPTA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    NAFISA ALI SODHI    F    52    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    RITA BAHUGUNA JOSHI    F    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    LAL JI TANDON    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ANUPAM MISHRA    M    37    Swarajya Party Of India    Kite
6    MOHD. IRSHAD    M    40    Navbharat Nirman Party    Sewing Machine
7    KAMAL CHANDRA    M    39    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Banana
8    DR.KHAN MOHMAD ATIF    M    64    Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh    Road Roller
9    JUGUNU RANJAN    F    47    Jaganmay Nari Sangathan    Letter Box
10    DASHARATH    M    36    Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party    Almirah
11    NAND KUMAR LODHI RAJPOOT    M    44    Bharatiya Grameen Dal    Camera
12    PRAVEEN KUMAR MISHRA    M    32    Eklavya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
13    MURLI PRASAD    M    56    Rashtriya Kranti Party    Railway Engine
14    MUSTAQ KHAN    M    38    Indian Justice Party    Bat
15    RAVI SHANKAR BHARAT    M    28    Bharat Punarnirman Dal    Candles
16    RAJESH KUMAR PANDEY    M    40    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
17    AMRESH MISHRA    M    43    Independent    Saw
18    AMIT PANDEY    M    33    Independent    Batsman
19    ASHOK KUMAR PAL    M    31    Independent    Black Board
20    AMBIKA PRASAD    M    49    Independent    Nagara
21    K.C. KARDAM    M    65    Independent    Brief Case
22    KEDAR MAL AGRAWAL    M    55    Independent    Glass Tumbler
23    GIRISH CHANDRA SRIVASTAV    M    62    Independent    Battery Torch
24    CHATURI PRASAD    M    56    Independent    Table Lamp
25    CHANDRA BHUSHAN PANDEY (C.B.PANDEY)    M    60    Independent    Scissors
26    ZUBAIR AHMAD    M    32    Independent    Ceiling Fan
27    S.R.DARAPURI    M    65    Independent    Cup & Saucer
28    DHEERAJ    M    37    Independent    Violin
29    NITIN DWIVEDI    M    25    Independent    Gas Cylinder
30    PADAM CHANDRA GUPTA    M    35    Independent    Coconut
31    BAL MUKUND TIWARI    M    26    Independent    Gas Stove
32    RAJIV RANJAN TIWARI @ RAJ BIHARI    M    29    Independent    Diesel Pump
33    RAJESH KUMAR    M    25    Independent    Frying Pan
34    RAJESH KUMAR NAITHANI    M    35    Independent    Harmonium
35    RADHEYSHYAM    M    37    Independent    Cot
36    RAM KUMAR SHUKLA    M    62    Independent    Carrot
37    SEHNAAZ SIDRAT    F    48    Independent    Lady Purse
38    SUKHVEER SINGH    M    41    Independent    Television
39    SUMAN LATA DIXIT    F    53    Independent    Dolli
40    HARJEET SINGH    M    48    Independent    Ring
41    A. HAROON ALI    M    48    Independent    Comb
S24    36    30-Apr-09    UP    RAE BARELI    1    R.S.KUSHWAHA    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    R.B.SINGH    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SONIA GANDHI    F    62    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    ANIL KUMAR MAURYA    M    31    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
5    DINESH    M    32    Rashtravadi Communist Party    Scissors
6    AVNISH    M    31    Independent    Diesel Pump
7    ALOK KUMAR SINGH    M    32    Independent    Railway Engine
8    ILIYAS HUSSAIN    M    36    Independent    Almirah
9    BABULAL    M    61    Independent    Road Roller
10    MANOJ KUMAR S/O RAM NARESH SINGH    M    58    Independent    Nagara
11    MANOJ KUMAR S/O HANUMANT PRASAD    M    36    Independent    Battery Torch
12    RAMA SHANKAR    M    42    Independent    Sewing Machine
13    LAJJAWATI KANCHAN    F    43    Independent    Jug
14    SHYAM BIHARI GUPTA    M    44    Independent    Basket
15    SRIPAL    M    45    Independent    Glass Tumbler
16    HORILAL    M    41    Independent    Kettle
S24    37    23-Apr-09    UP    AMETHI    1    ASHEESH SHUKLA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PRADEEP KUMAR SINGH    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAHUL GANDHI    M    38    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    BHUWAL    M    56    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
5    MOHD.HASAN LAHARI    M    35    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Jug
6    SUNITA    F    26    Mahila Adhikar Party    Scissors
7    SURYABHAN MAURYA    M    45    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal    Bat
8    AAVID HUSSAIN    M    31    Independent    Kite
9    OMKAR    M    46    Independent    Balloon
10    KAPIL DEO    M    30    Independent    Walking Stick
11    DILIP    M    36    Independent    Diesel Pump
12    MIHILAL    M    52    Independent    Ceiling Fan
13    MEET SINGH    M    65    Independent    Sewing Machine
14    RAMESH CHANDRA    M    30    Independent    Almirah
15    RAM SHANKER    M    43    Independent    Comb
16    SWAMI NATH    M    25    Independent    Railway Engine
S24    38    23-Apr-09    UP    SULTANPUR    1    ASHOK PANDEY    M    58    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    MOHD.TAHIR    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SURYA BHAN SINGH    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DR.SANJAY SINGH    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ANIL    M    35    Republican Party of India (A)    Bat
6    CHOTELAL MAURYA    M    40    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
7    MOHD.UMAR    M    42    Peace Party    Ceiling Fan
8    RAKESH    M    25    National Youth Party    Candles
9    RAJKUMAR PANDEY    M    36    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
10    TRIVENI PRASAD BHEEM    M    52    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Jug
11    ARVIND KUMAR    M    46    Independent    Nagara
12    AWADHESH KUMAR    M    30    Independent    Sewing Machine
13    KRISHNA NARAYAN    M    33    Independent    Electric Pole
14    JHINKURAM VISHWAKARMA    M    33    Independent    Coat
15    PRAKASH CHANDRA    M    35    Independent    Camera
16    HARI NARAYAN    M    70    Independent    Walking Stick
S24    39    23-Apr-09    UP    PRATAPGARH    1    KUNWAR AKSHAYA PRATAP SINGH ‘GOPAL JI’    M    41    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    RAJKUMARI RATNA SINGH    F    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    LAKSHMI NARAIN PANDEY ‘GURU JI’    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    PROF. SHIVAKANT OJHA    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ATIQ AHAMAD    M    46    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
6    ARUN KUMAR    M    48    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)    Battery Torch
7    A. RASHID ANSARI    M    54    Momin Conference    Sewing Machine
8    RAJESH    M    36    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Banana
9    ATUL DWIVEDI    M    29    Independent    Ring
10    UDHAV RAM    M    53    Independent    Kettle
11    CHHANGALAL    M    56    Independent    Railway Engine
12    JITENDRA PRATAP SINGH    M    40    Independent    Letter Box
13    DINESH PANDEY ALIAS D.K. PANDEY    M    34    Independent    Whistle
14    BADRI PRASAD    M    48    Independent    Cot
15    MUNEESHWAR SINGH    M    65    Independent    Gas Cylinder
16    RAMESH KUMAR    M    31    Independent    Bat
17    RAVINDRA SINGH    M    33    Independent    Coat
18    RANI PAL    F    58    Independent    Dolli
19    RAMMURTI MISHRA    M    36    Independent    Glass Tumbler
20    RAM SAMUJH    M    60    Independent    Kite
21    VINOD    M    29    Independent    Basket
22    SHIVRAM    M    51    Independent    Road Roller
23    SATRAM    M    42    Independent    Almirah
S24    40    7-May-09    UP    FARRUKHABAD    1    CHANDRA BHUSAN SINGH    M    65    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    NARESH CHANDRA AGRAWAL    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    MITHALESH KUMARI    F    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SALMAN KHURSHEED    M    56    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    OM BABU    M    57    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Not Alloted
6    JAIVEER SINGH SHAKYA    M    31    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Not Alloted
7    DALGANJAN SINGH YADAV    M    73    Bharatiya Rashtriya Morcha    Not Alloted
8    RAM SHARAN    M    62    Bharatiya Nagrik Party    Not Alloted
9    RISHI DUTT    M    36    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Not Alloted
10    WAZID ALI    M    40    Indian Justice Party    Not Alloted
11    SWAMI SACHIDANAND HARI SAKSHI    M    53    Rashtriya Kranti Party    Not Alloted
12    SUBODH GANGWAR    M    40    Apna Dal    Not Alloted
13    NAGENDRA PAL    M    27    Independent    Not Alloted
14    RAJAT MISHRA    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
15    RIYAZ AHMAD    M    61    Independent    Not Alloted
16    VINOD KUMAR    M    55    Independent    Not Alloted
17    VEENA KUREEL    F    54    Independent    Not Alloted
18    SURESH CHANDRA SARASWAT    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    41    7-May-09    UP    ETAWAH    1    KAMLESH VERMA    F    40    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    GAURISHANKER    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    PREMDAS    M    49    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    GANGA WATI    F    58    Mahan Dal    Not Alloted
5    JAGESHWAR KUMAR    M    39    Rashtrawadi Labour Party    Not Alloted
6    `SHIV RAM    M    68    Mahan Dal    Not Alloted
7    SANT KUMAR    M    28    Lok Dal    Not Alloted
8    SIYARAM    M    55    Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party    Not Alloted
9    ANVER SINGH    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
10    ANUPAM KUMAR    M    26    Independent    Not Alloted
11    K.P.D. SHYAMDAS    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
12    GIREESH BHARTIYA    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
13    JAISHANKAR    M    56    Independent    Not Alloted
14    RAMNARESH    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
15    SHARMILA    F    43    Independent    Not Alloted
16    SATYA PRIYA MANAV    M    64    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    42    7-May-09    UP    KANNAUJ    1    MAHESH CHANDRA    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    AKHILESH YADAV    M    35    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    BALRAM    M    29    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)    Not Alloted
4    RAM KARAN    M    37    Vanchit Jamat Party    Not Alloted
5    RAM BABU    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
6    SUBRAT PATHAK    M    29    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
7    VIJAY SINGH    M    53    Mahan Dal    Not Alloted
8    SUBHASH CHANDRA    M    39    Mahan Dal    Not Alloted
9    PRADEEP    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
10    KALESHWAR    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
11    AJAB SINGH    M    30    Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena    Not Alloted
12    NARAYAN KUMAR    M    39    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Not Alloted
13    SHAHAN SHAH    M    37    Independent    Not Alloted
14    BAGWAN DAS    M    43    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)    Not Alloted
15    SHRI KRAN    M    56    Independent    Not Alloted
16    SANJEEV    M    25    Independent    Not Alloted
17    RAM SWAROOP    M    70    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Not Alloted
18    RAMBABU1    M    62    Bharat Punarnirman Dal    Not Alloted
19    SUMIT KUMAR    M    30    Independent    Not Alloted
20    LAL SINGH    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
S24    43    30-Apr-09    UP    KANPUR    1    SATISH MAHANA    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    SUKHDA MISHRA    F    67    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SURENDRA MOHAN AGRAWAL    M    65    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    SRI PRAKASH JAISWAL    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    OMENDRA BHARAT    M    29    Bharat Punarnirman Dal    Candles
6    GUFRAN AHMED    M    49    Rashtrawadi Samaj Party    Kite
7    JAGDISH PRASAD    M    48    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Coconut
8    MOTI LAL SHARMA    M    59    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
9    ANIL KUMAR JAIN    M    49    Independent    Bat
10    AHAMED HUSSAIN    M    68    Independent    Almirah
11    GAYA PRASAD    M    55    Independent    Saw
12    JAGESWAR DAYAL 1 VIKAL    M    49    Independent    Balloon
13    NISHA    F    38    Independent    Glass Tumbler
14    BADRI VISHAL PRAJAPATI    M    35    Independent    Ceiling Fan
15    MAHESH CHANDRA SHARMA    M    65    Independent    Sewing Machine
16    MAYA KAUSHAL    F    55    Independent    Nagara
17    MOHAMMD ISHA    M    34    Independent    Battery Torch
18    V.N.AWASTHI    M    75    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S24    44    30-Apr-09    UP    AKBARPUR    1    ANIL SHUKLA WARSI    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ARUN KUMAR    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    KAMLESH PATHAK    M    53    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    RAJARAM PAL    M    48    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AMAR SINGH    M    51    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
6    DR.AWDESH KUMAR GUPTA    M    58    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Railway Engine
7    DAYA SHANKER    M    70    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
8    DHARMENDRA PRATAP SINGH    M    34    Bharat Punarnirman Dal    Candles
9    DHARMENDRA SINGH    M    35    Republican Party of India    Banana
10    BAIKUNTH NATH    M    63    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
11    RAM GOPAL    M    51    Rashtriya Janutthan Party    Walking Stick
12    VIMAL SINGH BHADAURIA    M    27    Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena    Glass Tumbler
13    SATENDRA KUMAR SINGH    M    53    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Almirah
14    OMKAR    M    46    Independent    Basket
15    MANJESH KUMAR    M    37    Independent    Kite
16    RAM NATH VERMA    M    62    Independent    Road Roller
17    VIRENDRA VISHWAKARMA    M    40    Independent    Balloon
S24    45    30-Apr-09    UP    JALAUN    1    GHANSYAM ANURAGI    M    35    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    TILAK CHANDRA AHIRWAR    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    NATHURAM VERMA LOHIA    M    63    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
4    BHANU PRATAP SINGH VERMA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    DR. BABU RAMADHIN AHIRWAR    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    KASHIRAM    M    35    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    DASHRATH SINGH AHIRWAR    M    27    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Almirah
8    PRATAP SINGH KATHARIYA    M    39    Nelopa(United)    Kite
9    PRABHA VERMA    F    25    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
10    BHAGGOOLAL VALMIKI    M    50    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Railway Engine
11    SANJAY KUMAR    M    28    Rashtriya Janutthan Party    Walking Stick
12    HUKUM    M    52    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
13    BHURI DEVI    F    54    Independent    Balloon
14    MEVALAL    M    61    Independent    Banana
15    RAM JI    M    49    Independent    Basket
16    VASHUDEV    M    31    Independent    Bat
S24    46    30-Apr-09    UP    JHANSI    1    CHANDRPAL SINGH YADAV    M    50    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    PRADEEP KUMAR JAIN ‘ADITYA’    M    47    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    RAMESH KUMAR SHARMA    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RAVINDRA SHUKLA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    DEEPMALA KUSHWAHA    F    28    Rashtriya Kranti Party    Nagara
6    BABU LAL NANGAL    M    65    Laghujan Samaj Vikas Party    Scissors
7    BALAK DAS    M    40    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
8    MANMOHAN GUPTA    M    62    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
9    RAMDAS    M    50    Bharatiya Jantantrik Parishad    Coconut
10    SUJAN SINGH BUNDELA    M    63    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Kite
11    ABDESH BHOOSHAN SRIVASTAVA    M    48    Independent    Almirah
12    KAMTA PRASAD RAJPUT    M    56    Independent    Maize
13    JAGAT VIKRAM SINGH    M    39    Independent    Balloon
14    PANKAJ RAWAT    M    37    Independent    Candles
15    PARWAT SINGH    M    42    Independent    Saw
16    BAL KISHAN    M    37    Independent    Banana
17    MATHURA PRASAD    M    59    Independent    Basket
18    MAHENDRA    M    39    Independent    Bat
S24    47    30-Apr-09    UP    HAMIRPUR    1    ASHOK KUMAR SINGH CHANDEL    M    49    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    PREETAM SINGH LODHI “KISSAN”    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    VIJAY BAHADUR SINGH    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SIDDHA GOPAL SAHU    M    43    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ANIL KUMAR    M    30    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
6    AMIT KUMAR    M    28    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
7    KAPIL KUMAR    M    30    National Lokhind Party    Scissors
8    KANTI    F    43    Lok Dal    Diesel Pump
9    GIRDHARILAL    M    70    Nelopa(United)    Kite
10    SHIVPRASAD PRAJAPATI    M    33    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
11    HAKEEM KHAN    M    56    Bundelkhand Akikrit Party    Road Roller
12    DESH RAJ    M    45    Independent    Almirah
13    NEERAJ KUMAR NIRALA    M    28    Independent    Nagara
14    PARMESHWAR DAYAL    M    60    Independent    Ring
15    LALLA    M    46    Independent    Cot
16    LALLU PRASAD    M    38    Independent    Jug
S24    48    23-Apr-09    UP    BANDA    1    AMITA BAJPAI    F    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    BHAGAWAN DEEN GARG    M    47    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    BHAIRON PRASAD MISHRA    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    54    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
5    R. K. SINGH PATEL    M    49    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    ASHOK KUMAR    M    40    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
7    ANAND YADAV    M    45    United Communist Party of India    Scissors
8    PARASHU RAM NISHAD    M    45    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
9    LALIT KUMAR    M    37    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
10    ANSH DHARI    M    29    Independent    Batsman
11    JAGAN NATH SINGH    M    62    Independent    Nagara
12    PRAKASH NARAYAN    M    32    Independent    Harmonium
13    BALENDRA NATH    M    38    Independent    Battery Torch
14    MANOJ KUMAR    M    30    Independent    Saw
15    SHIV KUMAR    M    43    Independent    Kite
S24    49    30-Apr-09    UP    FATEHPUR    1    JAGESHWAR PAL    M    58    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    MAHENDRA PRASAD NISHAD    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    RAKESH SACHAN    M    53    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    RADHEY SHYAM GUPTA    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    VIBHAKAR SHASTRI    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    AJEYA SINGH    M    52    Jan Morcha    Nagara
7    UDIT RAJ    M    51    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
8    MATIN    M    42    Ambedkar National Congress    Kite
9    MUNNA SINGH    M    34    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Cot
10    RAEES    M    33    Peace Party    Ceiling Fan
11    VISHWASWAROOP MAURYA    M    57    Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena    Almirah
12    DR. SONEY LAL PATEL    M    59    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
13    ANSHU MAN SINGH (ADVOCATE)    M    43    Independent    Coat
14    JAGDEESH NARAIN SHARMA    M    39    Independent    Television
15    DILEEP VERMA    M    43    Independent    Sewing Machine
16    NARSINGH PATEL    M    54    Independent    Balloon
17    MAHFAZUL HAK ALIAS RAJU KHAN    M    38    Independent    Banana
18    HARISH CHANDRA SWARANKAR    M    40    Independent    Ring
S24    50    23-Apr-09    UP    KAUSHAMBI    1    GIRISH CHANDRA PASI    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    GAUTAM CHAUDHARY    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAM NIHOR RAKESH    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SHAILENDRA KUMAR    M    51    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    UMESH CHANDRA PASI    M    40    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
6    GULAB SONKAR    M    45    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
7    GULAB CHANDRA    M    39    Independent    Almirah
8    JAGDEO    M    53    Independent    Sewing Machine
9    MAN SINGH    M    28    Independent    Camera
10    RAM SARAN    M    56    Independent    Kite
S24    51    23-Apr-09    UP    PHULPUR    1    KAPIL MUNI KARWARIYA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    KARAN SINGH PATEL    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    DHARMARAJ SINGH PATEL    M    50    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SHYAMA CHARAN GUPTA    M    63    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    CHANDRAJEET    M    28    Lok Dal    Diesel Pump
6    DEVENDRA PRATAP SINGH    M    38    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Coconut
7    PRADEEP KUMAR SRIVASTAVA    M    49    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
8    LALLAN SINGH    M    35    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party    Scissors
9    VIJAY KUMAR    M    56    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Nagara
10    SATISH YADAV    M    34    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
11    SANJEEV KUMAR MISHRA    M    30    Yuva Vikas Party    Candles
12    KRISHNA KUMAR    M    33    Independent    Ceiling Fan
13    DR. NEERAJ    M    43    Independent    Gas Cylinder
14    BHARAT LAL    M    52    Independent    Road Roller
15    DR. MILAN MUKHERJEE    M    67    Independent    Spoon
16    MUNISHWAR SINGH MAURYA    M    65    Independent    Cot
17    RADHIKA PAL    F    34    Independent    Kettle
18    RADHESHYAM SINGH YADAV    M    72    Independent    Gas Stove
19    RAM JANM YADAV    M    31    Independent    Sewing Machine
20    RAMSHANKAR    M    47    Independent    Almirah
21    VIRENDRA PAL SINGH    M    66    Independent    Hat
22    SHAILENDRA KUMAR PRAJAPATI    M    40    Independent    Kite
23    SAMAR BAHADUR SHARMA    M    40    Independent    Brief Case
24    DR. SONE LAL PATEL    M    59    Independent    Walking Stick
S24    52    23-Apr-09    UP    ALLAHABAD    1    ASHOK KUMAR BAJPAI    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    YOGESH SHUKLA    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    KUNWAR REWATI RAMAN SINGH ALIAS MANI JI    M    65    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    SHYAM KRISHNA PANDEY    M    65    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    OM PRAKASH    M    41    Rashtriya Machhua Samaj Party    Sewing Machine
6    GULAB GRAMEEN    M    47    Lok Dal    Diesel Pump
7    BIHARI LAL SHARMA    M    54    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
8    BAIJAL KUMAR    M    48    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)    Gas Cylinder
9    RAMA KANT    M    47    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
10    RAJESH PASI    M    32    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party    Scissors
11    RAM PARIKHAN SINGH    M    59    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Balloon
12    VIJAY SHANKAR    M    45    Bahujan Shakty    Banana
13    SARFUDDIN    M    32    Nelopa(United)    Kite
14    AKBAL MOHAMMD    M    34    Independent    Basket
15    AJUG NARAIN    M    33    Independent    Bat
16    ABHAY SRIVASTAVA    M    31    Independent    Battery Torch
17    KM. KUSUM KUMARI AD    F    45    Independent    Black Board
18    GOPAL SWROOP JOSHI    M    62    Independent    Almirah
19    NARENDRA KUMAR TEWARI    M    47    Independent    Bread
20    BAJRANG DUTT    M    36    Independent    Brief Case
21    MUNNU PRASAD    M    44    Independent    Brush
22    RAVI PRAKASH    M    41    Independent    Letter Box
23    RAKESH KUMAR    M    47    Independent    Cot
24    RAJ BALI    M    51    Independent    Cake
25    RAM GOVIND    M    46    Independent    Camera
26    RAM JEET    M    38    Independent    Television
27    RAM LAL    M    46    Independent    Candles
28    KM. SHASHI PANDEY    F    45    Independent    Batsman
29    DR. MOHD. SALMAN RASHIDI    M    57    Independent    Nagara
30    SADHNA AGARWAL    F    47    Independent    Carrot
31    HIRA LAL    M    54    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S24    53    30-Apr-09    UP    BARABANKI    1    KAMALA PRASAD RAWAT    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    P.L.PUNIA    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    RAM NARESH RAWAT    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    RAM SAGAR    M    62    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    JEEVAN    M    26    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
6    DESHRAJ    M    49    Bharatiya Subhash Sena    Scissors
7    BABADEEN    M    49    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Jug
8    BHAGAUTI    M    54    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
9    SANTRAM    M    40    Navbharat Nirman Party    Railway Engine
10    GAYA PRASAD    M    50    Independent    Road Roller
11    DEPENDRA KUMAR RAWAT    M    25    Independent    Kettle
12    PREM CHANDRA ARYA    M    33    Independent    Cot
13    RAM AUTAR    M    39    Independent    Ring
14    LAJJAWATI KANCHAN    F    43    Independent    Table
15    MAHANT VISHRAM DAS    M    67    Independent    Whistle
S24    54    23-Apr-09    UP    FAIZABAD    1    NIRMAL KHATRI    M    58    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    BIMLENDRA MOHAN PRATAP MISRA “PAPPU BHAIYA”    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    MITRASEN    M    76    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    LALLU SINGH    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    AJAY KUMAR    M    25    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Dolli
6    ATUL KUMAR PANDEY    M    39    The Humanist Party of India    Balloon
7    AMAR NATH JAISWAL    M    44    Rashtriya Kranti Party    Kite
8    GIRISH CHANDRA VERMA    M    32    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
9    GULAM SABIR    M    42    Navbharat Nirman Party    Railway Engine
10    CHANDRASHEKHAR SINGH    M    36    Bharat Punarnirman Dal    Candles
11    NUSRAT QUDDUSI ALIAS BABLOO    M    41    Peace Party    Ceiling Fan
12    MANISH KUMAR PANDEY    M    35    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Coconut
13    SAIYYAD MUSHEER AHMED    M    55    Awami Party    Sewing Machine
14    RAMESH KUMAR RAWAT    M    42    Maulik Adhikar Party    Scissors
15    SUSHIL KUMAR    M    45    Bharatiya Lok Kalyan Dal    Kettle
16    ATAURR RAHMAN ANSARI    M    52    Independent    Road Roller
17    AMARNATH VERMA    M    36    Independent    Stool
18    DINA NATH PANDEY    M    35    Independent    Camera
19    NASREEN BANO    F    38    Independent    Maize
20    BALAK RAM ALIAS SHIV BALAK PASI    M    34    Independent    Television
21    RAM DHIRAJ    M    46    Independent    Spoon
22    SWAMI NATH    M    29    Independent    Whistle
23    SIYARAM KORI    M    50    Independent    Frying Pan
S24    55    23-Apr-09    UP    AMBEDKAR NAGAR    1    RAKESH PANDEY    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    VINAY KATIYAR    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SHANKHLAL MAJHI    M    54    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    DINESH KUMAR RAJBHAR    M    33    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
5    BASANT LAL    M    53    Peace Party    Railway Engine
6    BAL MUKUND DHURIYA    M    31    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    BHARTHARI    M    44    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Jug
8    MANSHARAM    M    40    Maulik Adhikar Party    Scissors
9    LALMAN    M    34    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
10    VIJAY KUMAR MAURYA    M    38    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal    Bat
11    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    50    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Coconut
12    IFTEKHAR AHMAD    M    37    Independent    Glass Tumbler
13    KAILASH KUMAR SHUKLA    M    60    Independent    Comb
14    GAYADEEN    M    43    Independent    Television
15    CHANDRA BHUSHAN    M    61    Independent    Cup & Saucer
16    DEO PRASAD MISHRA    M    42    Independent    Cot
17    NABAB ALI    M    55    Independent    Road Roller
18    PARASHU RAM    M    49    Independent    Kettle
19    PATANJALI JAITALI    M    58    Independent    Batsman
20    RAM SUKH SAHOO    M    50    Independent    Sewing Machine
21    DR. LAL BAHADUR    M    42    Independent    Battery Torch
22    SRIRAM AMBESH    M    61    Independent    Table
S24    56    30-Apr-09    UP    BAHRAICH    1    AKSHAYBAR LAL    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    KAMAL KISHOR    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    LAL MANI PRASAD    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SHABBEER AHMAD    M    50    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    GOPAL    M    49    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
6    TULSI RAM    M    41    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
7    MANU DEVI    F    31    Peace Party    Ceiling Fan
8    RAM CHHABEELE SUBHASH    M    44    Bharatiya Subhash Sena    Scissors
9    SATYA NARAIN    M    66    Republican Party of India (A)    Television
10    HARENDRA KUMAR    M    31    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
11    HEERA LAL    M    59    Ambedkar National Congress    Kite
12    MAIKOO LAL    M    63    Independent    Cot
13    RAM SARAN    M    34    Independent    Sewing Machine
S24    57    23-Apr-09    UP    KAISERGANJ    1    MOHD ALEEM    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    BRIJBHUSHAN SARAN SINGH    M    52    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    DR LALTA PRASAD MISHRA ALIS DR L P MISHRA    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SURENDRA NATH AWASTHI    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ZAMEER AHAMAD    M    53    Ambedkar National Congress    Balloon
6    DAYA RAM    M    41    Peoples Democratic Forum    Scissors
7    MANOJ KUMAR    M    33    Lok Dal    Diesel Pump
8    RAM PRAKSH    M    39    Republican Party of India (A)    Almirah
9    RAMENDER DEV PATHAK    M    60    Peace Party    Ceiling Fan
10    HAFEEZ    M    47    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
11    ANOKHI LAL    M    49    Independent    Banana
12    OM PRAKASH    M    35    Independent    Basket
13    UDAI RAJ    M    52    Independent    Bat
14    CHANDRA BHAN    M    42    Independent    Batsman
15    JAGDISH    M    40    Independent    Battery Torch
16    JAGDISH PRASAD    M    38    Independent    Kite
17    JITENDRA BAHADUR    M    57    Independent    Black Board
18    PARAMHANS SINGH    M    33    Independent    Bread
19    RAJ KISHORE SINGH    M    38    Independent    Glass Tumbler
20    RADHEYSHYAM BOAT    M    62    Independent    Brief Case
21    RAMFEER ALIS CHUNTI    M    59    Independent    Brush
22    VINESH KUMAR    M    32    Independent    Cake
23    VIMAL VERMA    M    30    Independent    Camera
S24    58    23-Apr-09    UP    SHRAWASTI    1    RIZVAN ZAHEER    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    RUBAB SAIDA    F    58    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    VINAY KUMAR ALIAS VINNU    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SATYA DEO SINGH    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ARUN KUMAR    M    33    Ambedkar National Congress    Banana
6    KULDEEP    M    44    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
7    RAJESHWAR MISHRA    M    28    Peace Party    Railway Engine
8    RAM ADHAR    M    62    Republican Party of India (A)    Sewing Machine
9    TEJ BAHADUR    M    32    Independent    Almirah
10    RAM SUDHI    M    38    Independent    Balloon
11    VINOD KUMAR PANDEY    M    27    Independent    Basket
S24    59    23-Apr-09    UP    GONDA    1    DR ACHUTANANDDUBE    M    64    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH RAJA BAIYA    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    BENI PRASAD VERMA    M    68    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    RAM PRATAP SINGH    M    58    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    VINOD KUMAR SINGH ALIAS PANDIT SINGH    M    42    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    ASHIQ ALI    M    46    Peace Party    Railway Engine
7    OM PRAKASH SINGH    M    54    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Camera
8    PREM KUMAR    M    26    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
9    RAJENDRA PRASAD1    M    55    Ambedkar National Congress    Coat
10    RAM KEWAL    M    41    Vanchit Jamat Party    Bat
11    RAM LOCHAN    M    46    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Coconut
12    VIDYA SAGAR    M    36    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
13    HARSH VARDHAN PANDEY    M    33    Lok Dal    Diesel Pump
14    AKILENDRA KUMAR PATHAK    M    34    Independent    Television
15    ANURADHA PATEL    F    42    Independent    Jug
16    OM PRAKASH    M    47    Independent    Ceiling Fan
17    GAGNGA DHAR SHUKLA    M    38    Independent    Batsman
18    DEEPAK    M    31    Independent    Banana
19    NARENDRA SINGH    M    34    Independent    Road Roller
20    BAIJNATH    M    30    Independent    Cot
21    RAJENDRA PRASAD    M    28    Independent    Glass Tumbler
22    RADHEY SHYAM    M    59    Independent    Sewing Machine
23    RAM PRASAD    M    61    Independent    Basket
24    RAM LAKHAN    M    54    Independent    Table Lamp
25    SATYA PRAKASH    M    39    Independent    Electric Pole
S24    60    23-Apr-09    UP    DOMARIYAGANJ    1    JAGDAMBIKA PAL    M    59    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    JAI PRATAP SINGH    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MATA PRASAD PANDEY    M    72    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    MOHD. MUQUEEM    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    INAMULLAH CHAUDHARY    M    66    Peace Party    Ceiling Fan
6    JITENDRA PRATAP SINGH    M    46    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
7    PINGAL PRASAD    M    41    Republican Party of India    Road Roller
8    BALKRISHNA    M    39    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)    Sewing Machine
9    MUKHDEV    M    41    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
10    RAJDEV    M    35    Bharatiya Eklavya Party    Saw
11    RAM SAMUJH    M    41    Bharatiya Jan Berojgar Chhatra Dal    Kite
12    RAHUL SANGH PRIYA BHARTI    M    36    Indian Justice Party    Balloon
13    HARISHANKAR    M    45    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Almirah
14    MOTILAL VIDHYARTHI    M    59    Independent    Batsman
15    RAM KRIPAL    M    58    Independent    Diesel Pump
16    SIRAJ AHAMAD    M    26    Independent    Television
S24    61    23-Apr-09    UP    BASTI    1    ARVIND KUMAR CHAUDHARY    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    BASANT CHAUDHARY    M    43    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    RAJ KISHOR SINGH    M    38    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    DR. Y. D. SINGH    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    OM PRAKASH    M    40    Vanchit Jamat Party    Bat
6    DAYASHANKAR PATWA    M    57    Peace Party    Railway Engine
7    DALBAG SINGH    M    50    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)    Road Roller
8    RAM NAYAN PATEL    M    49    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
9    VINOD KUMAR RAJBHAR    M    33    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Sewing Machine
10    SHIVDAS    M    50    Shoshit Samaj Dal    Walking Stick
11    SANJEEV KUMAR NISHAD    M    27    Bahujan Uday Manch    Scissors
12    SITARAM NISHAD    M    63    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
13    RAM LALAN YADAV    M    36    Independent    Black Board
14    SHIV POOJAN ARYA    M    52    Independent    Banana
15    SATYADEV OJHA    M    70    Independent    Nagara
16    SATISH CHANDRA SHARMA    M    40    Independent    Batsman
S24    62    23-Apr-09    UP    SANT KABIR NAGAR    1    KAMLA KANT CHAUDHARY    M    41    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    FAZLEY MAHAMOOD    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    BHAL CHANDRA YADAV    M    42    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    BHISMA SHANKAR ALIAS KUSHAL TIWARI    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    SHARAD TRIPATHI    M    35    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
6    INDRA KUMAR    M    37    Bahujan Uday Manch    Violin
7    KRISHNA NAND MISHRA    M    38    All India Minorities Front    Cup & Saucer
8    KHELADI    M    35    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Banana
9    JANTRI LAL    M    37    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
10    PANCHOO BELDAR    M    48    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
11    RAJESH SINGH    M    37    Peace Party    Railway Engine
12    RAM ACHAL    M    34    Maulik Adhikar Party    Candles
13    RAM AVADH NISHAD    M    62    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
14    LOTAN ALIAS LAUTAN PRASAD    M    47    Shoshit Samaj Dal    Kettle
15    VINOD RAI    M    38    National Lokhind Party    Scissors
16    ANJU    F    28    Independent    Table
17    JOOGESH YADAV    M    35    Independent    Road Roller
18    NITYANAND MANI TRIPATHI    M    35    Independent    Cot
19    PHOOLDEO    M    49    Independent    Kite
20    RAMESH    M    26    Independent    Basket
21    VINAY PANDEY    M    31    Independent    Bat
22    SHRI BABA RAM CHANDRA    M    52    Independent    Camera
23    SUSHILA JIGYASU    F    29    Independent    Sewing Machine
24    HARISH CHANDRA    M    32    Independent    Shuttle
S24    63    16-Apr-09    UP    MAHARAJGANJ    1    AJEET MANI    M    41    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    GANESH SHANKER PANDEY    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    PANKAJ CHAUDHARY    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    HARSH VARDHAN    M    61    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ABDWURRUF ANSARI    M    45    National Lokhind Party    Scissors
6    PAWAN KUMAR    M    39    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
7    RAM KISHUN NISHAD    M    52    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
8    SATYA NARAYAN URF SATNARAYAN    M    58    Bharatiya Eklavya Party    Saw
9    OMPRAKASH CHATURVEDI    M    63    Independent    Battery Torch
10    DILIP KUMAR    M    28    Independent    Ice Cream
11    RAM NIVAS    M    37    Independent    Almirah
12    LAL BIHARI    M    42    Independent    Basket
13    CHAUDHARY SANJAY SINGH PATEL    M    29    Independent    Balloon
14    SHYAM SUNDER DAS CHAURASIA    M    28    Independent    Bat
15    HANUMAN    M    51    Independent    Banana
S24    64    16-Apr-09    UP    GORAKHPUR    1    ADITYANATH    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    MANOJ TIWARI MRIDUL    M    39    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    LALCHAND NISHAD    M    67    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    VINAY SHANKAR TIWARI    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    AMAN    M    35    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
6    JOKHAN PRASAD    M    46    Eklavya Samaj Party    Almirah
7    DAYASHANKAR NISHAD    M    38    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
8    RAJBAHADUR    M    28    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
9    RAJMANI    M    46    Bharatiya Eklavya Party    Saw
10    RAJESH SAHANI    M    44    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
11    SRINATH    M    29    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
12    AJAY KUMAR    M    40    Independent    Cot
13    AWADHESH SINGH    M    32    Independent    Jug
14    OMPRAKASH SINGH    M    43    Independent    Balloon
15    GOVIND    M    43    Independent    Road Roller
16    CHHEDILAL    M    59    Independent    Banana
17    NIRANJAN PRASAD    M    35    Independent    Basket
18    NEERAJ YADAV    M    31    Independent    Bat
19    DR. BRIJESH MANI TRIPATHI    M    44    Independent    Camera
20    MANOJ TIWARI    M    30    Independent    Whistle
21    RAKESH KUMAR    M    38    Independent    Scissors
22    RAJAN YADAV M.B.A.    M    31    Independent    Kettle
23    RAMHIT NISHAD    M    53    Independent    Batsman
24    LAL BAHADUR    M    68    Independent    Gas Cylinder
25    VINOD SHUKLA    M    29    Independent    Ceiling Fan
26    HARISHCHANDRA    M    42    Independent    Kite
S24    65    16-Apr-09    UP    KUSHI NAGAR    1    BRAMHA SHANKER    M    56    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    KU. RATANJEET PRATAP NARAYAN SINGH    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    VIJAY DUBEY    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SWAMI PRASAD MAURYA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ANIL    M    43    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
6    KISHOR KUMAR    M    40    Indian Peace Party    Ceiling Fan
7    K KUMAR    M    56    Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal    Sewing Machine
8    JANGI    M    55    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
9    DHEERAJ SHEKHAR SHRIWASTAWA    M    49    Rashtriya Lokwadi Party    Almirah
10    BABU LAL    M    40    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Balloon
11    MATIULLAH    M    43    National Lokhind Party    Scissors
12    MADAN LAL    M    46    Maulik Adhikar Party    Saw
13    AMEERUDDIN    M    31    Independent    Kite
14    JAGDISH    M    57    Independent    Diesel Pump
15    JAI GOVIND    M    35    Independent    Road Roller
16    DAROGA    M    37    Independent    Spoon
17    RAMESH    M    35    Independent    Nagara
18    RAM BRIKSH    M    54    Independent    Cup & Saucer
S24    66    16-Apr-09    UP    DEORIA    1    GORAKH PRASAD JAISWAL    M    72    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    BALESHWAR YADAV    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    MOHAN SINGH    M    58    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    SHRI PRAKASH MANI TRIPATHI    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    GANGA PRASAD KUSHWAHA    M    70    Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal    Sewing Machine
6    JAGDISH KUMAR VERMA    M    36    Lokpriya Samaj Party    Railway Engine
7    DHARMENDRA KUMAR    M    33    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
8    MOTI LAL KUSHWAHA SHASTRI    M    59    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Kite
9    SAFAYAT ALI    M    51    Peace Party    Ceiling Fan
10    SARITA    F    27    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
11    RAM KISHOR YADAV ALIAS VIDHAYAK    M    51    Independent    Scissors
12    VIJAY JUAATHA    M    42    Independent    Ring
S24    67    16-Apr-09    UP    BANSGAON    1    KAMLESH PASWAN    M    33    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    MAHA BEER PRASAD    M    66    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SHARADA DEVI    F    59    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    SHREE NATH JI    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    CHANDRIKA    M    29    Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)    Battery Torch
6    RAMA SHANKER    M    37    Peace Party    Jug
7    RAM PRAVESH PRASAD    M    37    Eklavya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
8    HARILAL    M    32    Bahujan Uday Manch    Scissors
9    KU. KUNJAWATI    F    36    Independent    Maize
10    MANOJ KUMAR    M    29    Independent    Road Roller
11    RADHEYSHYAM    M    35    Independent    Kite
12    RAMKAWAL    M    56    Independent    Railway Engine
13    RAMSAKAL    M    32    Independent    Bat
14    RAMA PASWAN    M    33    Independent    Sewing Machine
15    VINAI KUMAR    M    33    Independent    Whistle
S24    68    16-Apr-09    UP    LALGANJ    1    DAROGA PRASAD SAROJ    M    60    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    NEELAM SONKAR    F    33    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    DR. BALIRAM    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    HAREE PRASAD SONKER    M    50    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
5    MANBHAWAN    M    32    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Jug
6    RAM DAYAL ALIAS MOHAN    M    32    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
7    ACHCHHELAL    M    42    Independent    Nagara
8    URMILA DEVI    F    27    Independent    Balloon
9    CHANDRA RAM ALIAS CHANDU SAROJ    M    36    Independent    Railway Engine
10    DHARMRAJ    M    55    Independent    Banana
11    SUKHNAYAN    M    29    Independent    Almirah
S24    69    16-Apr-09    UP    AZAMGARH    1    AKBAR AHMAD DUMPY    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ARUN KUMAR SINGH    M    63    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    DURGA PRASAD YADAV    M    56    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    RAMAKANT YADAV    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH    M    49    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    JAI JAI RAM PRAJAPATI    M    36    Lokpriya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
7    RAM BHAROS    M    34    Bahujan Uday Manch    Scissors
8    VINOD    M    33    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
9    USMANA FARUQEE    F    27    Independent    Balloon
10    KEDAR NATH GIRI    M    49    Independent    Nagara
11    KHAIRUL BASHAR    M    56    Independent    Banana
12    DR. JAVED AKHTAR    M    54    Independent    Railway Engine
13    DAAN BAHADUR YADAV    M    54    Independent    Road Roller
14    YADUNATH    M    31    Independent    Basket
15    RAM UJAGIR    M    45    Independent    Almirah
16    RAM SINGH    M    35    Independent    Bat
S24    70    16-Apr-09    UP    GHOSI    1    ATUL KUMAR SINGH ANJAN    M    55    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    ARSHAD JAMAL ANSARI    M    43    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    DARA SINGH CHAUHAN    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RAM IQBAL    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    SUDHA RAI    F    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    AKHILESH    M    43    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
7    KAILASH YADAV    M    46    Peace Party    Ceiling Fan
8    RAMESH ALIAS RAJU SINGH    M    41    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
9    RAM BADAN KAUL    M    60    Bahujan Shakty    Railway Engine
10    LALJI RAJBHAR    M    44    Bharatiya Samaj Dal    Cot
11    HARISH CHANDRA    M    62    Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)    Battery Torch
12    ASHOK KUMAR    M    27    Independent    Bat
13    ZAKIR HUSSAIN    M    45    Independent    Kite
14    PALAKDHARI    M    41    Independent    Road Roller
15    RAKESH    M    34    Independent    Table
16    SUJIT KUMAR    M    34    Independent    Harmonium
S24    71    16-Apr-09    UP    SALEMPUR    1    DR. BHOLA PANDEY    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    RAMASHANKAR RAJBHAR    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    HARIKEWAL    M    71    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    IZHAR    M    48    Peace Party    Battery Torch
5    ZUBAIR    M    39    Nelopa(United)    Kite
6    JANG BAHADUR    M    50    Bharatiya Samaj Dal    Walking Stick
7    FATE BAHADUR    M    35    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Almirah
8    RAVISHANKAR SINGH “PAPPU”    M    38    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
9    RAMCHARAN    M    72    People’s Democratic Front    Railway Engine
10    RAMDAYAL    M    57    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
11    RAMNAWAMI YADAV    M    37    Samajwadi Jan Parishad    Cup & Saucer
12    RAMASHRAY CHAUHAN    M    55    Moderate Party    Cot
13    SRIRAM    M    50    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
14    HARISHCHAND    M    48    Eklavya Samaj Party    Balloon
15    AMEER    M    53    Independent    Nagara
16    PARASURAM    M    56    Independent    Scissors
17    FULENDRA    M    40    Independent    Candles
18    MAN JI    M    50    Independent    Comb
19    MAHESH    M    70    Independent    Banana
20    RAJENDRA ALIAS RAJAN    M    33    Independent    Sewing Machine
21    VINDHACHAL    M    44    Independent    Basket
22    SHAILENDRA    M    36    Independent    Bat
23    SATISH    M    37    Independent    Batsman
24    SARVDAMAN    M    26    Independent    Whistle
25    SANJAY    M    36    Independent    Electric Pole
S24    72    16-Apr-09    UP    BALLIA    1    NEERAJ SHEKHAR    M    40    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    MANOJ SINHA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SANGRAM SINGH YADAV    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ARVIND KUMAR GOND    M    30    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Balloon
5    KANHAIYA PRAJAPATI    M    44    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Kite
6    NARAYAN RAJBHAR    M    32    Bharatiya Samaj Dal    Cot
7    RAJESH    M    40    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
8    RAMSAKAL    M    48    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
9    ANANT    M    36    Independent    Road Roller
10    GANGADYAL    M    48    Independent    Scissors
11    DIWAKAR    M    38    Independent    Sewing Machine
12    RAMJI    M    49    Independent    Camera
13    LALBABU    M    36    Independent    Banana
14    SHESHNATH    M    40    Independent    Nagara
15    SHANKER RAM RAWAT    M    43    Independent    Table
16    HARIHAR    M    73    Independent    Cup & Saucer
S24    73    23-Apr-09    UP    JAUNPUR    1    DHANANJAY SINGH    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PARAS NATH YADAVA    M    54    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    SEEMA    F    37    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    ACHHEYLAL NISHAD    M    61    Nelopa(United)    Kite
5    GIRAJA SHANKAR YADAVA    M    49    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
6    GEETA SINGH    F    46    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Walking Stick
7    BAHADUR SONKAR    M    48    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
8    RAVI SHANKAR    M    38    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
9    RAJKISHUN    M    26    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party    Scissors
10    RAJESH S/O RAMESHCHANDRA    M    30    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
11    RAJESH S/O RAMYAGYA    M    32    Eklavya Samaj Party    Cot
12    RAMCHANDAR    M    52    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal    Bat
13    SHEETALA PRASAD    M    51    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
14    AJAY KASYAP – GUDDU    M    26    Independent    Road Roller
15    JAGDISH CHANDRA ASTHANA    M    62    Independent    Gas Cylinder
16    TASLEEM AHMED REHMANI    M    45    Independent    Sewing Machine
S24    74    16-Apr-09    UP    MACHHLISHAHR    1    KAMLA KANT GAUTAM (K.K. GAUTAM)    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    TUFANI SAROJ    M    48    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
3    RAJ BAHADUR    M    66    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    VIDYASAGAR SONKER    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    KRISHNA SEWAK SONKER    M    48    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
6    RAM CHARITRA    M    41    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
7    VIJAYEE RAM    M    38    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
8    SHEOMURAT RAM    M    71    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Road Roller
9    SUKHRAJ DINKAR    M    51    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party    Cot
10    SUSHMA    F    29    Rashtriya Agraniye Dal    Scissors
11    DINESH KUMAR    M    31    Independent    Ceiling Fan
12    BALJIT    M    59    Independent    Diesel Pump
13    RAM DAWAR GAUTAM    M    41    Independent    Kite
14    VINOD KUMAR    M    40    Independent    Pressure Cooker
15    SHYAM BIHARI KANNAUJIYA    M    39    Independent    Kettle
16    SOHAN    M    46    Independent    Railway Engine
S24    75    16-Apr-09    UP    GHAZIPUR    1    AFZAL ANSARI    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PRABHUNATH    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RADHEY MOHAN SINGH    M    43    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    SURAJ RAM BAGI    M    52    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
5    ISHWARI PRASAD KUSHAWAHA    M    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    DINESH    M    42    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Almirah
7    NANDLAL    M    67    Ambedkar Samaj Party    Glass Tumbler
8    SHYAM NARAYAN    M    54    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal    Walking Stick
9    SATISH SHANKAR JAISAWAL    M    28    National Lokhind Party    Scissors
10    SARAJU    M    67    Lok Dal    Diesel Pump
11    SURENDRA    M    43    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
12    ANIL    M    32    Independent    Road Roller
13    ASHOK (DR.ASHOK KUMAR SRIVASTAVA)    M    54    Independent    Ceiling Fan
14    BRAJENDRA NATH URF BIJENDRA    M    66    Independent    Cot
15    RAJESH    M    37    Independent    Dolli
S24    76    16-Apr-09    UP    CHANDAULI    1    KAILASH NATH SINGH YADAV    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    JAWAHAR LAL JAISAWAL    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    RAMKISHUN    M    49    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    SHAILENDRA KUMAR    M    40    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    CHANDRASHEKHAR    M    34    Republican Party of India    Railway Engine
6    JAWAHIR    M    48    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party    Saw
7    JOKHU    M    45    Peoples Democratic Forum    Scissors
8    TULASI    M    42    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
9    RAJNATH    M    35    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Almirah
10    RAJESH SINGH    M    27    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena    Kite
11    RAMAWATAR SHARMA ADVOCATE    M    38    Maulik Adhikar Party    Candles
12    RAMSEWAK YADAV    M    46    Rashtriya Lokhit Party    Battery Torch
13    LALLAN    M    49    Indian Justice Party    Balloon
14    SURENDRA PRATAP    M    36    Jai Bharat Samanta Party    Banana
15    DEVAROO    M    40    Independent    Gas Cylinder
16    MUNNI LAL    M    66    Independent    Sewing Machine
17    SURAFARAJ AHMAD    M    29    Independent    Bat
18    HARI LAL    M    52    Independent    Basket
S24    77    16-Apr-09    UP    VARANASI    1    AJAY RAI    M    36    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    MUKHTAR ANSARI    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DR. MURLI MANOHAR JOSHI    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DR. RAJESH KUMAR MISHRA    M    48    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AWADHESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA    M    43    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Kite
6    USHA SINGH    F    45    Rashtriya Agraniye Dal    Bat
7    KISHUN LAL    M    59    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
8    VIJAY PRAKASH JAISWAL    M    43    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
9    ER. SHYAM LAL VISHWAKARMA    M    61    Maulik Adhikar Party    Scissors
10    ANAND KUMAR AMBASTHA    M    36    Independent    Walking Stick
11    NARENDRA NATH DUBEY ADIG    M    36    Independent    Coconut
12    PARVEZ QUADIR KHAN    M    38    Independent    Almirah
13    PUSHP RAJ SAHU    M    47    Independent    Balloon
14    RAJESH BHARTI    M    33    Independent    Ceiling Fan
15    SATYA PRAKASH SRIVASTAVA    M    37    Independent    Banana
S24    78    23-Apr-09    UP    BHADOHI    1    DR. AKHILESH KUMAR DWIVEDI    M    41    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    GORAKHNATH    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    CHHOTELAL BIND    M    53    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    DR. MAHENDRA NATH PANDEY    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    SURYMANI TIWARI    M    60    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    JAJ LAL    M    47    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
7    NANDLAL    M    56    Vikas Party    Whistle
8    RAMRATEE BIND    M    74    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
9    THAKUR SANTOSH KUMAR    M    27    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Walking Stick
10    SHAHID    M    42    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party    Saw
11    GAURISHANKAR    M    38    Independent    Gas Cylinder
12    JEETENDRA    M    30    Independent    Comb
13    TEJ BAHADUR YADAV ADVOCATE    M    56    Independent    Kettle
S24    79    16-Apr-09    UP    MIRZAPUR    1    ANIL KUMAR MAURYA    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ANURAG SINGH    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    BAL KUMAR PATEL    M    48    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
4    RAMESH DUBEY    M    66    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AJAY SHANKER    M    33    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Cot
6    KAILASH    M    48    Bahujan Shakty    Almirah
7    KHELADI    M    58    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Balloon
8    JAGDISH    M    49    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
9    PREM CHAND    M    45    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party    Saw
10    RADHE SHYAM    M    58    Bharatiya Republican Paksha    Banana
11    LALJI    M    48    Rashtriya Agraniye Dal    Scissors
12    LALTI DEVI    F    54    Vikas Party    Whistle
13    SHANKAR    M    38    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
14    SHYAM LAL    M    41    Eklavya Samaj Party    Walking Stick
15    MOHD. SAGIR    M    41    National Loktantrik Party    Kite
16    TRILOK NATH VERMA    M    61    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
17    ANOOP KUMAR    M    34    Independent    Road Roller
18    KRISHNA CHAND    M    40    Independent    Basket
19    KRISHNA CHAND SHUKLA    M    40    Independent    Bat
20    CHHABEELE    M    41    Independent    Batsman
21    DANGAR    M    52    Independent    Gas Cylinder
22    DULARI    F    61    Independent    Sewing Machine
23    MANIK CHAND    M    37    Independent    Battery Torch
24    MUNNA LAL    M    34    Independent    Black Board
25    RAM GOPAL    M    53    Independent    Nagara
26    RAM RAJ    M    37    Independent    Ring
27    HANS KUMAR    M    37    Independent    Bread
S24    80    16-Apr-09    UP    ROBERTSGANJ    1    PAKAURI LAL    M    57    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
2    RAM ADHAR JOSEPH    M    43    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    RAM CHANDRA TYAGI    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RAM SHAKAL    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    GULAB    M    31    Peoples Democratic Forum    Scissors
6    CHANDRA SHEKHAR    M    34    Janvadi Party(Socialist)    Saw
7    MUNNI DEVI    F    42    Rashtriya Samanta Dal    Kite
8    RAMESH KUMAR    M    31    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
9    SHRAWAN KUMAR    M    41    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
10    RAMBRIKSHA    M    39    Independent    Sewing Machine
S25    1    30-Apr-09    WB    COOCH BEHAR    1    ARGHYA ROY PRADHAN    M    37    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
2    NIRANJAN BARMAN    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    NRIPENDRA NATH ROY    M    49    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
4    BHABENDRA NATH BARMAN    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    DALENDRA ROY    M    50    Amra Bangalee    Candles
6    HAREKRISHNA SARKAR    M    37    Republican Party of India    Battery Torch
7    KRISHNA KANTA BARMAN    M    29    Independent    Carrot
8    NUBASH BARMAN    M    46    Independent    Bat
9    BANGSHI BADAN BARMAN    M    41    Independent    Glass Tumbler
10    HITENDRA DAS    M    54    Independent    Basket
S25    2    30-Apr-09    WB    ALIPURDUARS    1    ELIAS NARJINARY    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PABAN KUMAR LAKRA    M    56    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
3    MANOJ TIGGA    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    MANOHAR TIRKEY    M    54    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
5    BILKAN BARA    M    62    Samajwadi Jan Parishad    Nagara
6    KAMAL LAMA    M    49    Independent    Kite
7    JOACHIM BAXLA    M    55    Independent    Candles
8    THADDEUS LAKRA    M    60    Independent    Maize
9    PAULDEXION KHARIYA    M    55    Independent    Basket
S25    3    30-Apr-09    WB    JALPAIGURI    1    DWIPENDRA NATH PRAMANIK    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    DR. DHIRENDRA NATH DAS    M    47    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    BARMA SUKHBILAS    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    MAHENDRA KUMAR ROY    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    SANTI KUMAR SARKAR    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    PABITRA MOITRA    M    58    Amra Bangalee    Candles
7    SATYEN PRASAD ROY    M    46    Samajwadi Jan Parishad    Nagara
8    CHINMAY SARKAR    M    30    Independent    Electric Pole
9    PRITHWIRAJ ROY    M    36    Independent    Saw
10    HARI BHAKTA SARDAR    M    54    Independent    Battery Torch
S25    4    30-Apr-09    WB    DARJEELING    1    JASWANT SINGH    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    JIBESH SARKAR    M    55    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    DAWA NARBULA    M    73    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    HARIDAS THAKUR    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ABHIJIT MAJUMDAR    M    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    NIRANJAN SAHA    M    50    Amra Bangalee    Battery Torch
7    BAIDYANATH ROY    M    55    Indian Peoples Forward Block    Candles
8    ARUN KUMAR AGARWAL    M    48    Independent    Railway Engine
9    NITU JAI    M    35    Independent    Electric Pole
10    RAM GANESH BARAIK    M    44    Independent    Black Board
S25    5    30-Apr-09    WB    RAIGANJ    1    AKHIL RANJAN MONDAL    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    GOPESH CHANDRA SARKAR    M    66    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    DEEPA DASMUNSI    F    48    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    BIRESWAR LAHIRI    M    61    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    FAIZ RAHAMAN    M    45    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
6    MATIUR RAHMAN    M    49    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
7    SULEMAN HAFIJI    M    51    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
8    ANIL BISWAS    M    49    Independent    Candles
9    ABDUL KARIM CHOWDHARY    M    62    Independent    Road Roller
10    UPENDRA NATH DAS    M    47    Independent    Bat
11    NACHHIR ALI PRAMANIK    M    64    Independent    Saw
12    MANAS JANA    M    36    Independent    Battery Torch
S25    6    30-Apr-09    WB    BALURGHAT    1    GOBINDA HANSDA    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PRASANTA KUMAR MAJUMDAR    M    68    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
3    BIPLAB MITRA    M    57    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
4    SUBHASH CHANDRA BARMAN    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    GHOSH MRIDUL    M    30    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
6    CHAMRU ORAM    M    52    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
7    PRAHALLAD BARMAN    M    32    Independent    Table Lamp
8    SAMU SOREN    M    48    Independent    Bat
S25    7    30-Apr-09    WB    MALDAHA UTTAR    1    AMLAN BHADURI    M    35    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    BIKASH BISWAS    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    MAUSAM NOOR    F    27    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SAILEN SARKAR    M    68    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    MONOWARA BEGAM    F    39    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
6    ATUL CHANDRA MANDAL    M    39    Independent    Candles
7    ASIM KUMAR CHOWDHURY    M    47    Independent    Almirah
8    AMINA KHATUN    F    29    Independent    Shuttle
9    MALLIKA SARKAR (NANDY)    F    50    Independent    Battery Torch
S25    8    30-Apr-09    WB    MALDAHA DAKSHIN    1    ABU HASEM KHAN CHOUDHURY    M    65    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    ABDUR RAZZAQUE    M    60    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    DIPAK KUMAR CHOWDHURY    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DR. BHARAT CHANDRA MANDAL    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    MD. EJARUDDIN    M    74    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Ladder
6    MANJUR ALAHI MUNSHI    M    42    Independent    Fork
7    MD. KAMAL BASIRUJJAMAN    M    32    Independent    Battery Torch
8    RUSTAM ALI    M    39    Independent    Candles
9    SHYAMAL DAS    M    38    Independent    Railway Engine
S25    9    7-May-09    WB    JANGIPUR    1    PRANAB MUKHERJEE    M    72    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    DEBASHISH MAJUMDAR    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MRIGANKA SEKHAR BHATTACHARYA    M    61    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    TAPAS SAHA    M    35    Independent    Not Alloted
5    MAHAMMAD MAKAIL FAKRUJZAMAN    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    HASSAN ZAMIRUL    M    59    Independent    Not Alloted
7    PRABHAT KUMAR GHOSH    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
S25    10    7-May-09    WB    BAHARAMPUR    1    ADHIR RANJAN CHOWDHURY    M    53    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    BIDYUT KUMAR HALDER    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    PRAMOTHES MUKHERJEE    M    63    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
4    KUSHADHWAJ BALA(KUSH BALA)    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    GHOSH BABU SAW    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
6    ASHOKE KUMAR SINGHA    M    55    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
7    RABINDRANATH ROY    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
8    BAIDYA NATH MONDAL    M    51    Independent    Not Alloted
S25    11    7-May-09    WB    MURSHIDABAD    1    KHADIJA BANU    F    54    Independent    Not Alloted
2    ABDUL MANNAN HOSSAIN    M    56    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    ANISUR RAHAMAN SARKAR    M    57    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    NIRMAL KUMAR SAHA    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ALAM MEHDI    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
6    MD. SAHAZAMAL    M    44    Independent    Not Alloted
7    CHANDAN KR. MONDAL    M    43    Independent    Not Alloted
8    JAFORULLA MOLLA    M    54    Independent    Not Alloted
9    SANTWANA HALDER (SAHA)    F    32    Independent    Not Alloted
10    CHITTA RANJAN MANDAL    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
11    DR. SUKUMAR GHOSH    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
S25    12    7-May-09    WB    KRISHNANAGAR    1    DEBABRATA MAJUMDER    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    MD. NIAMATULLAH MALLICK    M    57    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
3    SATYA BRATA MOOKHERJEE    M    67    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    JYOTIRMOYEE SIKDAR    F    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    JAYASRI CHAKRABARTY    F    51    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    SUBIMAL SENGUPTA    M    50    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    TAPAS PAUL    M    51    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
8    SK. DAULAT HOSSAIN    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
9    KANCHAN MAITRA    M    48    Independent    Not Alloted
10    SHAHJAHAN MALLIK    M    53    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Ladder
S25    13    7-May-09    WB    RANAGHAT    1    SUCHARU RANJAN HALDAR    M    69    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
2    SATISH CHANDRA BISWAS    M    64    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    BASUDEB BARMAN    M    73    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    SUKALYAN RAY    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    MANMATHA BISWAS    M    49    Independent    Not Alloted
6    NADIAR CHAND MONDAL    M    54    Republican Party of India    Not Alloted
S25    14    13-May-09    WB    BANGAON    1    GOBINDA CHANDRA NASKAR    M    67    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
2    SMT. PRANITA ROY    F    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    ASIM BALA    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    SUKRITI RANJAN BISWAS    M    54    Republican Party of India (A)    Battery Torch
5    NISHIKANTA BISWAS    M    65    Independent    Nagara
6    PROBIR KUMAR SARKAR    M    46    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
S25    15    13-May-09    WB    BARRACKPORE    1    SUBRATA SENGUPTA    M    43    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
2    ASHOK SONKAR    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DINESH TRIVEDI    M    58    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
4    TARIT BARAN TOPDAR    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    PRABHAKAR TEWARI    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
S25    16    13-May-09    WB    DUM DUM    1    SAUGATA RAY    M    61    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
2    DULAL CHANDRA DAS    M    67    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SANATAN RAY CHAUDHURI    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
4    AMITAVA NANDY    M    66    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
S25    17    13-May-09    WB    BARASAT    1    KAKALI GHOSH DASTIDAR    F    49    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
2    ARUN KUMAR BISWAS    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SUDIN CHATTOPADHYAY    M    67    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
S25    18    13-May-09    WB    BASIRHAT    1    JIAUL HAQUE    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    SIDDIQULLAH CHOWDHURY    M    59    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
3    RANJIT GAIN    M    64    Independent    Candles
4    AJAY KUMAR CHAKRABORTY    M    65    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
5    MD.SALIM MAKKAR    M    50    Muslim League Kerala State Committee    Ladder
S25    19    13-May-09    WB    JOYNAGAR    1    DR. TARUN KUMAR MONDAL    M    50    Independent    Bicycle
2    ARABINDA HALDER    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    NIMAI CHAND BARMAN    M    53    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
S25    20    13-May-09    WB    MATHURAPUR    1    BINAY KUMAR BISWAS    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    SACHINDRA NATH NASKAR    M    67    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    ANIMESH NASKAR    M    34    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    MAINUDDIN CHISTY    M    51    Independent    Cake
3    SOMENDRA NATH MITRA    M    68    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
4    R.N. CHAUDHURY    M    68    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    SAMIK LAHIRI    M    42    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
6    SHYAMAL MONDAL    M    65    Independent    Bridge
S25    22    13-May-09    WB    JADAVPUR    1    SAIFUDDIN CHOWDHURY    M    57    Party for Democratic Socialism    Cultivator Cutting Crop
2    SANDHAYA MONDAL    F    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SUJAN CHAKRABORTY    M    50    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    SANAT BHATTACHARYA    M    62    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
S25    24    13-May-09    WB    KOLKATA UTTAR    1    MD. SALIM    M    51    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    KUMODH NARAYAN CHOWDHURY    M    34    Independent    Not Alloted
3    AMITABHA SEN    M    66    Independent    Not Alloted
S25    25    7-May-09    WB    HOWRAH    1    SUDARSHAN MANNA    M    62    Samajtantric Party of India    Coconut
2    RAM AVTAR GUPTA    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SWADESH CHAKRABORTTY    M    66    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    ABDUL MOMIN SEKH    M    42    Independent    Candles
5    AMBICA BANERJEE    M    82    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
6    POLLY MUKHERJEE    F    54    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
7    BIJOY UPPADHYA    M    52    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
8    GORA CHAND KOLEY    M    42    Independent    Whistle
9    NARAD PANDIT    M    54    Independent    Batsman
10    MANOJ KUMAR PASWAN    M    32    Independent    Road Roller
11    SANJAY MAKAL    M    36    Independent    Frock
12    GAURAB SAHA    M    40    Independent    Gas Cylinder
13    SUBARNA CHAKRABORTY    M    43    Independent    Lock and Key
15    SANATAN BAG    M    41    Independent    Kite
16    GOUTAM GAYEN    M    27    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S25    26    7-May-09    WB    ULUBERIA    1    SEKH AORANGJEB    M    44    Independent    Candles
2    KAZI NABAB    M    36    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
3    SULTAN AHMED    M    56    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
4    HANNAN MOLLAH    M    63    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    NARENDRA NATH MANDAL    M    67    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    RABIN DALUI    M    45    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
7    RAHUL CHAKRABARTY    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
8    ASHISH DAS    M    36    Independent    Violin
9    SWAPAN DAS    M    31    Independent    Bat
S25    27    7-May-09    WB    SRERAMPUR    1    KALYAN BANERJEE    M    52    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
2    AMITAVA BHATTACHARYA    M    41    Independent    Candles
3    SEKH SOLEMAN    M    61    Independent    Battery Torch
4    DEBABRATA CHOWDHURY    M    72    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    SANTASRI CHATTERJEE    M    69    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
6    RAKESH KUMAR GOUTAM    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
7    CHIRANJIT NASKAR    M    33    Independent    Bat
8    PRADIP GHOSH    M    56    Independent    Lock and Key
S25    28    7-May-09    WB    HOOGHLY    1    SWAPAN MURMU    M    33    Independent    Nagara
2    SAJAL ADHIKARI    M    45    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
3    ALOK PATHAK    M    42    Independent    Railway Engine
4    RATNA DE    F    57    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
5    RUPCHAND PAL    M    72    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
6    SURYYA KANTA RAY    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
7    ARABINDA SEN    M    58    Independent    Bicycle
8    CHUNI LAL CHAKRABORTY    M    78    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
9    SATYA GOPAL DEY    M    61    Independent    Black Board
S25    29    7-May-09    WB    ARAMBAGH    1    SAMBHU NATH MALIK    M    50    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    SUBIR KUMAR MAJHI    M    31    Independent    Nagara
3    PARIMAL BISWAS    M    27    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SAKTI MOHAN MALIK    M    49    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    MURARI BERA    M    43    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
S25    30    7-May-09    WB    TAMLUK    1    RAJYASHREE CHAUDHURI    F    40    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    MANIK CHANDRA MONDAL    M    33    Independent    Not Alloted
3    SHEIKH NURUL ISLAM    M    55    Independent    Not Alloted
4    MANORANJAN MANDAL    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ACHARYA PRATAP KUMAR    M    53    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
6    BHAKTI ADHIKARY    M    45    Independent    Not Alloted
7    SEIKH ABDUR REJAK    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
8    JAHED SEK    M    41    Assam United Democratic Front    Not Alloted
9    ADHIKARI SUVENDU    M    39    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
10    LAKSHMAN CHANDRA SETH    M    59    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
11    ABDUL HAQUE PAKHIRA    M    53    Independent    Not Alloted
S25    31    7-May-09    WB    KANTHI    1    AMALESH MISHRA    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    SISIR KUMAR ADHIKARI    M    69    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
3    PRASANTA PRADHAN    M    69    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    RASH BEHARI PATRA    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
S25    32    30-Apr-09    WB    GHATAL    1    GURUDAS DASGUPTA    M    73    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    NARAYAN CHANDRA SAMAT    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    NURE ALAM CHOWDHURY    M    66    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
4    MATILAL KHATUA    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ARUN KUMAR DAS    M    40    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
6    AHITOSH MAITY    M    53    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Sewing Machine
7    LIYAKAT KHAN    M    31    Indian Justice Party    Railway Engine
S25    33    30-Apr-09    WB    JHARGRAM    1    AMRIT HANSDA    M    63    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    NABENDU MAHALI    M    34    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    PANCHANAN HANSDA    M    70    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    PULIN BIHARI BASKE    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    CHUNIBALA HANSDA    F    44    Jharkhand Party (Naren)    Nagara
6    ADITYA KISKU    M    46    Independent    Railway Engine
7    SUNIL MURMU    M    30    Independent    Basket
8    SUSIL MANDI    M    28    Independent    Battery Torch
S25    34    30-Apr-09    WB    MEDINIPUR    1    ASOK KUMAR GOLDER    M    64    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    DIPAK KUMAR GHOSH    M    72    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
3    PRADIP PATNAIK    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    PRABODH PANDA    M    63    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
5    NEPAL DAS    M    60    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
6    MUKUL KUMAR MAITI    M    33    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
7    AMIT MOITRA    M    63    Independent    Diesel Pump
8    DE SUKUMAR    M    54    Independent    Basket
9    PARTHA ADDHYA    M    32    Independent    Candles
10    SANJAY MISHRA    M    49    Independent    Nagara
S25    35    30-Apr-09    WB    PURULIA    1    ASIT BARAN MAHATO    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    NARAHARI MAHATO    M    54    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
3    SHANTIRAM MAHATO    M    56    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    SAYANTAN BASU    M    32    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    AJIT PRASAD MAHATO    M    56    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
6    ABINASH SAREN    M    39    Amra Bangalee    Candles
7    ABHIRAM BESRA    M    41    Jharkhand Disom Party    Nagara
8    DHIREN CHANDRA MAHATO    M    48    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
9    AMULYA RATAN MAHATO    M    68    Independent    Jug
10    UMACHARAN MAHATO    M    69    Independent    Bat
11    DHIREN RAJAK    M    44    Independent    Kite
12    BISAMBAR MURA    M    42    Independent    Battery Torch
13    MUKESH SAHU    M    36    Independent    Banana
14    MRITYUNJAY MAHATO    M    46    Independent    Television
S25    36    30-Apr-09    WB    BANKURA    1    ACHARIA BASUDEB    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    GANESH RAY    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    RAHUL (BISWAJIT) SINHA    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SUBRATA MUKHERJEE    M    63    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ASWINI DULEY    M    51    Jharkhand Party (Naren)    Nagara
6    TAPAN KUMAR PATHAK    M    27    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Railway Engine
7    PARESH MARANDI    M    54    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
8    BYASDEB CHAKRABORTTY    M    37    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
9    SUDHIR KUMAR MURMU    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
10    PRABIR BANERJEE    M    36    Independent    Basket
11    LAKSHMI SARKAR    F    54    Independent    Battery Torch
S25    37    30-Apr-09    WB    BISHNUPUR    1    JAYANTA MONDAL    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    MANIK BAURI    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SEULI SAHA    F    39    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
4    SUSMITA BAURI    F    34    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    TAPAS DAS    M    31    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
6    UTTAM BOURI    M    30    Independent    Candles
7    UMA KANTA BHAKAT    M    62    Independent    Battery Torch
S25    38    7-May-09    WB    BARDHAMAN PURBA    1    PEJUSH KUMAR SAHANA    M    41    Independent    Not Alloted
2    MUKUL BISWAS    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SANKAR HALDAR    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    ANUP KUMAR SAHA    M    53    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    ASHOKE BISWAS    M    54    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
6    RAJU MALIK    M    25    Independent    Not Alloted
7    RABINDRANATH BAG    M    42    Independent    Not Alloted
S25    39    7-May-09    WB    BURDWAN – DURGAPUR    1    SHYAMALI ROY CHOWDHURY    F    61    Independent    Not Alloted
2    SHIBA PADA BISWAS    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SYED ALI AFZAL CHAND    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SK. SAIDUL HAQUE    M    55    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    NARGIS BEGAM    F    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    ASHOKETARU MALLICK    M    39    Independent    Not Alloted
7    MADHUSUDAN SHET    M    52    Independent    Not Alloted
8    SUMAN SARKAR    M    29    Independent    Not Alloted
9    DHATRIPADA KOWAR    M    78    Independent    Not Alloted
10    DIPTASUNDAR MUKHERJEE    M    40    Independent    Not Alloted
S25    40    7-May-09    WB    ASANSOL    1    AJAY SINGH    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    GHATAK MOLOY    M    52    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
3    BANSAGOPAL CHOWDHURY    M    49    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
4    SURYYA RAY    M    71    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    GOUTAM DAS    M    31    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
6    JARASANDHA SINHA    M    56    Independent    Table Lamp
7    JYOTIRMOY MAITY    M    52    Independent    Letter Box
S25    41    7-May-09    WB    BOLPUR    1    BIJAY KRISHNA DALUI    M    38    Independent    Not Alloted
2    RAM CHANDRA DOME    M    51    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    NIHAR HAZRA    M    59    Independent    Not Alloted
4    VIDYA SAGAR METE    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    ASIT KUMAR MAL    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    ARJUN SAHA    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
7    ADARA BAURI    F    34    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
S25    42    7-May-09    WB    BIRBHUM    1    PIPALI MISRA    F    28    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party    Not Alloted
2    BRAJA MOHAN MUKHERJEE    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    RADHESHYAM SINGH    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SATABDI ROY (BANERJEE)    F    40    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
5    TAPAS MUKHERJEE    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
6    ASGAR ALI    M    42    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
7    SHIBRATAN SHARMA    M    44    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
8    SEKH NAJRUL HAK    M    54    Assam United Democratic Front    Lock and Key
S26    1    16-Apr-09    CG    SARGUJA    1    DHAN SINGH DHURVE    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    BAL SINGH    M    38    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    BHANU PRATAP SINGH    M    42    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    MURARILAL SINGH    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    ANOOP MINJ    M    28    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
6    KUMAIT B.D.O.    M    64    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
7    BHUPNATH SINGH MARAVI    M    43    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Glass Tumbler
8    RAMDEO LAKRA    M    32    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party    Kite
9    RAMNATH CHERWA    M    36    Shoshit Samaj Dal    Saw
10    SOMNATH BHAGAT    M    46    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
11    AMRIT SINGH MARAVI    M    35    Independent    Hat
12    JUGESHWAR    M    29    Independent    Table Lamp
13    DHANESHWAR SINGH    M    39    Independent    Bat
14    SARJU XESS ORANW    M    43    Independent    Banana
15    SUNIL KUMAR SINGH KANHARE    M    27    Independent    Balloon
16    SURAJ DEO SINGH KHAIRWAR    M    35    Independent    Almirah
S26    2    16-Apr-09    CG    RAIGARH    1    BAHADUR SINGH RATHIA    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    VISHNU DEO SAI    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    HRIDAYARAM RATHIYA    M    43    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    DARSHAN SIDAR    M    32    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
5    MEERA DEVI SINGH TIRKEY    F    39    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party    Kite
6    SHIRACHAND EKKA    M    29    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
7    AMRIT TIRKEY    M    30    Independent    Glass Tumbler
8    KAMRISH SINGH GOND    M    59    Independent    Gas Cylinder
9    SANJAY TIRKEY    M    29    Independent    Almirah
10    HALDHAR RAM SIDAR    M    42    Independent    Ceiling Fan
S26    3    16-Apr-09    CG    JANJGIR-CHAMPA    1    SHRIMATI KAMLA DEVI PATLE    F    43    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    DAURAM RATNAKAR    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DR.SHIVKUMAR DAHARIYA    M    45    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    B.R. CHAUHAN    M    59    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
5    NEELKANTH WARE    M    59    Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party    Road Roller
6    PREM SHANKAR MAHILANGE URF PREM INDIA    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
7    SANJEEV KUMAR KHARE    M    26    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party    Kite
8    ANANDRAM GILHARE    M    35    Independent    Table Lamp
9    CHAITRAM SURYAVANSHI    M    62    Independent    Banana
10    DR.CHHAVILAL RATRE    M    55    Independent    Bat
11    MAYARAM NAT    M    50    Independent    Gas Cylinder
12    RAMCHARAN PRADHAN ADHIWAKTA    M    51    Independent    Basket
S26    4    16-Apr-09    CG    KORBA    1    KARUNA SHUKLA    F    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    CHARANDAS MAHANT    M    54    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    VIJAY LAXMI SHARMA    F    41    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    KEDARNATH RAJWADE    M    28    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
5    CHAITI DEVI MAHANT    F    49    Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party    Road Roller
6    BUDHWAR SINGH UIKEY    M    34    Rashtriya Gondvana Party    Nagara
7    DR. VIPIN SINHA    M    40    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party    Kite
8    SANGEETA NIRMALKAR    F    32    Bharatiya Pichhra Dal    Almirah
9    HIRASINGH MARKAAM    M    74    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Saw
10    GEND DAS MAHANT    M    35    Independent    Ceiling Fan
11    CHARAN DAS    M    25    Independent    Shuttle
12    PAWAN KUMAR    M    38    Independent    Glass Tumbler
13    FULESHWAR PRASAD SURJAIHA    M    75    Independent    Harmonium
14    RAMDAYAL ORAON    M    49    Independent    Basket
15    RAMLAKHAN KASHI    M    68    Independent    Railway Engine
16    SHAMBHU PRASAD SHARMA ADHIWAKTA    M    62    Independent    Balloon
17    SATRUPA    F    37    Independent    Banana
18    SANTOSH BANJARE    M    25    Independent    Diesel Pump
S26    5    16-Apr-09    CG    BILASPUR    1    DILIP SINGH JUDEV    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    ADVOCATE T.R.NIRALA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    DR.RENU JOGI    F    56    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    UTTAM PRASAD DANSENA    M    27    Sunder Samaj Party    Kite
5    DR.GOJU PAUL    M    40    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
6    DR.BALMUKUND SINGH MARAVI    M    41    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Glass Tumbler
7    BALARAM SAHU    M    46    Bharatiya Pichhra Dal    Almirah
8    MUKESH KUMAR SAHU    M    32    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Cake
9    SAPNA CHAKRABORTY    F    37    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Camera
10    ARJUN SHRIVAS GANGUAA    M    63    Independent    Candles
11    ANUJ DHRITLAHRE    M    34    Independent    Bat
12    ABDUL HAMID SIDDIQUE    M    43    Independent    Batsman
13    ASHOK SHRIVASTAVA    M    37    Independent    Banana
14    UMESH SINGH    M    31    Independent    Jug
15    TUKLAL GARG    M    40    Independent    Basket
16    DAYA DAS LAHRE    M    65    Independent    Bread
17    DR.DAYA RAM DAYAL    M    60    Independent    Ceiling Fan
18    DILIP KUMAR    M    30    Independent    Battery Torch
19    DILIP GUPTA    M    38    Independent    Brief Case
20    DILIP SINGH    M    41    Independent    Walking Stick
21    MANOJ KUMAR BIRKO    M    34    Independent    Balloon
22    RAMESH AHUJA    M    43    Independent    Scissors
23    RAMESH KUMAR LAHARE    M    36    Independent    Slate
24    RAJENDRA SAHU    M    29    Independent    Brush
25    RAJESH PRATAP    M    32    Independent    Saw
26    RAMBILAS SHARMA    M    52    Independent    Diesel Pump
27    B.P.VISWAKARMA    M    57    Independent    Black Board
28    SHYAM BIHARI TRIVEDI    M    56    Independent    Road Roller
S26    6    16-Apr-09    CG    RAJNANDGAON    1    DEVWRAT SINGH    M    39    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PRADHUMAN NETAM    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    MADHUSUDAN YADAV    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    GANGARAM NISHAD    M    48    Eklavya Samaj Party    Kite
5    NARAD KHOTHALIYA    M    48    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party    Almirah
6    AJAY JAISWAL    M    35    Independent    Scissors
7    AJAY PALI    M    32    Independent    Railway Engine
8    JALAL MOHAMMAD QURESHI    M    45    Independent    Gas Stove
9    DERHARAM LODHI    M    37    Independent    Basket
10    DILIP RATHOR SAMPADAK    M    40    Independent    Harmonium
11    BHAG CHAND VAIDHYA    M    48    Independent    Glass Tumbler
12    MADAN YADAV    M    34    Independent    Saw
13    MANGAL DAS BANGARE    M    52    Independent    Banana
14    D.R.YADAV PRACHARYA    M    66    Independent    Coconut
S26    7    16-Apr-09    CG    DURG    1    PRADEEP CHOUBEY    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    RAGHUNANDAN SAHU    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SAROJ PANDEY    F    40    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DEVIDAS KURRE    M    43    Chandigarh Vikas Party    Kite
5    DR. PANKAJ GOSOMI (PANDIT)    M    37    Republican Party of India    Railway Engine
6    ANAND GAUTAM    M    35    Independent    Coconut
7    TARACHAND SAHU    M    30    Independent    Almirah
8    TARACHAND SAHU    M    66    Independent    Glass Tumbler
9    TARACHAND SAHU    M    62    Independent    Nagara
10    MASOOD KHAN    M    43    Independent    Gas Cylinder
11    RATAN KUMAR KSHETRAPAL    M    61    Independent    Balloon
12    RAJENDRA KUMAR SAHU    M    38    Independent    Black Board
13    LAXMAN PRASAD    M    31    Independent    Ceiling Fan
14    GURU DADA LOKESH MAHARAJ    M    56    Independent    Sewing Machine
15    SHITKARAN MHILWAR    M    40    Independent    Television
S26    8    16-Apr-09    CG    RAIPUR    1    BHUPESH BAGHEL    M    47    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    RAMESH BAIS    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    VIDHYADEVI SAHU    F    54    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    ER. ASHOK TAMRAKAR    M    56    Jai Chhattisgarh Party    Glass Tumbler
5    IMRRAN PASHA    M    33    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party    Candles
6    P.R. KHUNTE    M    54    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party    Kite
7    MADHUSUDAN MISHRA    M    49    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Coconut
8    SHAILENDRA BANJARE (SHAKTIPUTRA)    M    34    Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)    Balloon
9    SHANKAR LAL VARANDANI    M    45    Pyramid Party of India    Railway Engine
10    HARGUN MEGHWANI    M    56    Akhil Bhartiya Sindhu Samajwadi Party    Gas Cylinder
11    ARUN HARPAL    M    35    Independent    Basket
12    JAFAR HUSSAIN, BABABHAI (PURVA MUTVALLI)    M    57    Independent    Ring
13    MOH. JILANI ALIAS TANI    M    30    Independent    Carrot
14    NAND KISHOR DEEP    M    48    Independent    Scissors
15    NARESH BHISHMDEV DHIDHI    M    31    Independent    Batsman
16    NAVIN GUPTA    M    35    Independent    Black Board
17    NARAD NISHAD    M    33    Independent    Bread
18    PRAVEEN JAIN    M    44    Independent    Gas Stove
19    BHARAT BHUSHAN PANDEY    M    45    Independent    Saw
20    MATHURA PRASAD TANDON    M    42    Independent    Brief Case
21    YASHWANT SAHU    M    35    Independent    Battery Torch
22    RAJENDRA KUMAR SAHU    M    38    Independent    Slate
23    RAJENDRA SINGH THAKUR (ADVOCATE)    M    34    Independent    Bat
24    RAMKRISHNA VERMA    M    49    Independent    Almirah
25    RAMCHARAN YADAV    M    33    Independent    Brush
26    SHOBHARAM GILHARE    M    38    Independent    Banana
27    SIYARAM DHRITLAHARE    M    34    Independent    Cake
28    SMT. SUSIL BAI BANJARE    F    36    Independent    Ceiling Fan
29    SYED RASHID ALI    M    62    Independent    Television
30    SANJAY BAGHEL    M    29    Independent    Jug
31    HAIDAR BHATI    M    38    Independent    Cot
32    SHRIKANT KASER    M    41    Independent    Nagara
S26    9    16-Apr-09    CG    MAHASAMUND    1    CHANDULAL SAHU (CHANDU BHAIYA)    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    MOTILAL    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    MOTILAL SAHU    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    DR. ANAND MATAWALE (GURUJI)    M    38    Lok Bharati    Almirah
5    KIRAN KUMAR DHRUW    M    44    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Jug
6    BAUDDH KUMAR KAUSHIK    M    37    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party    Kite
7    DR. LATA MARKAM    F    26    Republican Party of India (A)    Railway Engine
8    SHRIDHAR CHANDRAKAR (PATEL)    M    40    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
9    KHEDUBHARTI “SATYESH”    M    33    Independent    Black Board
10    CHAMPA LAL PATEL    M    43    Independent    Table
11    NARENDRA BHISHMDEV DHIDHI    M    34    Independent    Balloon
12    NARAYANDAS INQALAB GANDHI    M    63    Independent    Letter Box
13    BHARAT DIWAN    M    29    Independent    Cot
14    RAMPRASAD CHAUHAN    M    46    Independent    Glass Tumbler
15    SULTANSINGH SATNAM    M    58    Independent    Gas Cylinder
S26    10    16-Apr-09    CG    BASTAR    1    AYTU RAM MANDAVI    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    BALIRAM KASHYAP    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MANISH KUNJAM    M    42    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
4    SHANKAR SODI    M    44    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    CHANDRA SHEKHAR DHRUV (SHEKHAR)    M    42    Independent    Saw
6    MAYARAM NETAM ALIAS (FULSING SILADAR)    M    60    Independent    Television
7    SUBHASH CHANDRA MOURYA    M    35    Independent    Nagara
S26    11    16-Apr-09    CG    KANKER    1    SMT. PHOOLO DEVI NETAM    F    35    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    MIRA SALAM    F    32    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
3    SOHAN POTAI    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    JALSINGH SHORI    M    30    Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party    Road Roller
5    N. R. BHUARYA    M    50    Gondwana Mukti Sena    Nagara
6    BHOM LAL    M    59    Apna Dal    Cup & Saucer
7    MAYARAM NAGWANSHI    M    48    Gondvana Gantantra Party    Almirah
8    G. R. RANA    M    62    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
9    DEVCHAND MATLAM    M    31    Independent    Basket
10    PRAFUL MANDAVI    M    35    Independent    Black Board
11    MAYARAM NETAM (FULSINGH SILEDAR)    M    60    Independent    Television
S27    1    23-Apr-09    JH    RAJMAHAL    1    CHANDRA SHEKHAR AZAD    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    JYOTIN SOREN    M    59    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
3    THOMAS HASDA    M    58    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    DEVIDHAN BESRA    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    HEMLAL MURMU    M    54    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
6    AAMELIYA HANSDA    F    29    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
7    CHARAN MURMU    M    33    Shivsena    Television
8    DAUD MARANDI    M    25    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
9    SUKHWA URAON    M    33    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
10    SUNDAR TUDU    M    45    Bharatiya Jagaran Party    Almirah
11    SOM MARANDI    M    44    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
12    STIPHEN MARANDI    M    55    Jharkhand Jan Morcha    Nagara
S27    2    23-Apr-09    JH    DUMKA    1    CHURKA TUDU    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    PASHUPATI KOL    M    29    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    RAMESH TUDU    M    34    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    SHIBU SOREN    M    64    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
5    SUNIL SOREN    M    30    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
6    ARJUN PUJHAR    M    33    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
7    NIRMALA MURMU    F    33    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
8    PHATIK CHANDRA HEMBRAM    M    64    All Jharkhand Students Union    Banana
9    BITIYA MANJHI    F    53    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
10    RAMESH HEMBROM    M    39    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
11    RAMJIVAN DEHRI    M    35    Samata Party    Bat
12    KALESHWAR SOREN    M    38    Independent    Nagara
13    CHARLES MURMU    M    27    Independent    Battery Torch
14    NANDLAL SOREN    M    55    Independent    Basket
15    PULICE HEMRAM    M    31    Independent    Coat
16    BIVISAN PUJHAR    M    50    Independent    Almirah
17    CYRIL HANSDA    M    63    Independent    Scissors
18    SONA MURMU    F    56    Independent    Balloon
19    HOPNA BASKI    M    57    Independent    Cot
S27    3    23-Apr-09    JH    GODDA    1    IQBAL DURRANI    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    DURGA SOREN    M    39    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
3    NISHIKANT DUBEY    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    FURKAN ANSARI    M    61    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    ASHOK SHARMA    M    39    Jharkhand Party    Nagara
6    GEETA MANDAL    F    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
7    GOVIND LAL MARANDI    M    39    Revolutionary Socialist Party    Spade & Stoker
8    JAWAHAR LAL YADAV    M    31    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
9    NANDLAL YADAV    M    39    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
10    NIRANJAN PRASAD YADAV    M    33    Rashtrawadi Sena    Battery Torch
11    PRADEEP YADAV    M    42    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
12    PRADEEP YADAV    M    25    Samata Party    Table
13    BINOD MEHARIA    M    56    Bahujan Shakty    Railway Engine
14    RAJ NARAYAN KHAWADE    M    42    AJSU Party    Banana
15    SANTOSH KUMAR RAY    M    26    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
16    SURAJ MANDAL    M    61    Jharkhand Vikas Dal    Walking Stick
17    JAYSWAL MANJHI    M    38    Independent    Television
18    JAHIR MUSTAKIM    M    35    Independent    Balloon
19    MANOJ KUMAR MANDAL    M    35    Independent    Diesel Pump
20    MITHILESH PASWAN    M    38    Independent    Almirah
21    MD. MOAJJAM ALI CHANCHAL    M    38    Independent    Kite
22    SHANKAR PRASAD KESHARI    M    39    Independent    Harmonium
23    SANJEEV KUMAR    M    27    Independent    Jug
S27    4    16-Apr-09    JH    CHATRA    1    ARUN KUMAR YADAV    M    41    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
2    DHIRAJ PRASAD SAHU    M    50    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    NAGMANI    M    46    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    SUGAN MAHTO    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    KESHWAR YADAV    M    47    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
6    PARAS NATH MANJHI    M    58    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal    Basket
7    K.P. SHARMA    M    62    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
8    SURENDRA YADAV    M    36    Jharkhand Party    Nagara
9    INDER SINGH NAMDHARI    M    62    Independent    Sewing Machine
10    DHIRENDRA AGRAWAL    M    53    Independent    Comb
11    RATNESH KUMAR GUPTA    M    47    Independent    Banana
S27    5    16-Apr-09    JH    KODARMA    1    TILAKDHARI PD. SINGH    M    65    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PRANAV KUMAR VERMA    M    29    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    LAXAMAN SAWARNKAR    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    BISHNU PRASAD BHAIYA    M    47    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
5    SABHAPATI KUSHWAHA    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
6    UMESH CHANDRA TRIVEDI    M    41    Jharkhand Party    Nagara
7    PRAMESHWAR YADAV    M    49    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party    Railway Engine
8    BABULAL MARANDI    M    51    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
9    RAJKISHOR PRASAD MODI    M    54    Jharkhand Vikas Dal    Almirah
10    RAJ KUMAR YADAV    M    37    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
11    HADTAL DAS    M    43    Bahujan Shakty    Diesel Pump
12    ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA    M    35    Independent    Bat
13    KAMAL DAS    M    35    Independent    Kite
14    CHANDRA DHARI MAHTO    M    28    Independent    Camera
15    MANJOOR ALAM ANSARI    M    45    Independent    Ceiling Fan
16    LAXAMAN DAS    M    37    Independent    Balloon
S27    6    23-Apr-09    JH    GIRIDIH    1    AKLU RAM MAHTO    M    65    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
2    TEKLAL MAHTO    M    57    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
3    BIJAY SINGH    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    RAVINDRA KUMAR PANDEY    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    MD. HIMAYUN ANSARI    M    72    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
6    MRINAL KANTI DEV    M    61    Socialist Party (Lohia)    Basket
7    RAVINDER MAHTO    M    43    Jharkhand Party (Naren)    Nagara
8    SHIVA MAHTO    M    75    Marxist Co-Ordination    Coconut
9    SABA AHMAD    M    62    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
10    INDRA DEV MAHTO    M    45    Independent    Almirah
11    UMESH RISHI    M    43    Independent    Balloon
12    NAND KISHOR PRASAD    M    64    Independent    Diesel Pump
13    BUDDHI NATH TIWARY    M    41    Independent    Bat
14    MAHAVIR PRASAD    M    36    Independent    Candles
15    MASOOM RAJA ANSARI    M    27    Independent    Batsman
16    LALOO KEWAT    M    46    Independent    Railway Engine
17    SHANKAR RAJAK    M    38    Independent    Banana
S27    7    23-Apr-09    JH    DHANBAD    1    CHANDRASHEKHAR DUBEY    M    66    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PASHUPATI NATH SINGH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SAMARESH SINGH    M    68    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    INDU SINGH    F    32    Samata Party    Almirah
5    JANARDAN PANDEY    M    56    All India Forward Bloc    Lion
6    DIN BANDHU SINGH    M    56    Socialist Party (Lohia)    Basket
7    PAWAN KUMAR JHA    M    28    Janata Dal (Secular)    A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head
8    PHUL CHAND MANDAL    M    66    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
9    M.K.MANDAL    M    62    Amra Bangalee    Candles
10    A.K. ROY    M    72    Marxist Co-Ordination    Coconut
11    VIDESHI MAHATO    M    54    Jharkhand Vikas Dal    Nagara
12    VIRENDRA PRADHAN    M    44    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
13    SUNIL KUMAR    M    38    Indian Justice Party    Batsman
14    MD. SULTAN    M    57    Jharkhand Party    Banana
15    HAFFIZUDDIN ANSARI    M    51    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
16    ABDUL MUSTAFA    M    32    Independent    Television
17    KARTIK MAHATO    M    44    Independent    Black Board
18    JAI PRAKASH SINGH    M    39    Independent    Violin
19    JAIRAM SINGH    M    31    Independent    Camera
20    JITENDRA KUMAR SINGH    M    36    Independent    Dolli
21    PHUL CHAND MAHATO    M    40    Independent    Bread
22    BAMA PADA BAURI    M    35    Independent    Brief Case
23    MADHUSUDAN RAJHANS    M    44    Independent    Brush
24    MANILAL MAHATO    M    27    Independent    Bat
25    MANOJ GANDHI    M    29    Independent    Cake
26    MANOJ PANDEY    M    29    Independent    Carrot
27    MUNSI HEMBRAM    M    56    Independent    Scissors
28    RAVI RANJAN SINHA    M    34    Independent    Battery Torch
29    SHANKAR RAWANI    M    42    Independent    Sewing Machine
30    SALIM KHAN    M    42    Independent    Ceiling Fan
31    SADHUSHARAN GOPE    M    46    Independent    Railway Engine
32    SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH    M    57    Independent    Kite
S27    8    23-Apr-09    JH    RANCHI    1    RAJENDRA SINGH MUNDA    M    74    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
2    RAM TAHAL CHAUDHARY    M    66    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    MD. SARFUDDIN    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    SUBODH KANT SAHAY    M    57    Indian National Congress    Hand
5    AKHTAR ANSARI    M    53    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
6    AFSAR EMAM    M    48    Jharkhand PeopleÂ’S Party    Banana
7    MD. AJAD ANSARI    M    47    National Lokhind Party    Coconut
8    JIPALAL SINGH MUNDA    M    45    Jharkhand Party (Naren)    Nagara
9    DAYANAND GUPTA    M    39    Jharkhand Vikas Dal    Bat
10    SURENDRA KUMAR SUMAN    M    36    Samata Party    Almirah
11    ANJANI PANDEY    M    51    Independent    Basket
12    AGAM LAL MAHTO    M    34    Independent    Carrot
13    AFTAB ALAM    M    42    Independent    Television
14    ARTI BEHRA    F    32    Independent    Battery Torch
15    UPENDRA PD. SRIVASTAVA    M    65    Independent    Glass Tumbler
16    KESHAV NARAYAN BHAGAT    M    49    Independent    Black Board
17    KAILASH PAHAN    M    40    Independent    Camera
18    JANARDAN TIWARI    M    42    Independent    Railway Engine
19    JITENDRA MAHTO    M    27    Independent    Gas Cylinder
20    DEVENDRA THAKUR    M    48    Independent    Road Roller
21    BIRSA HEMBRAM    M    31    Independent    Saw
22    RANJEET MAHTO    M    49    Independent    Ceiling Fan
23    RAMPODO MAHTO    M    37    Independent    Sewing Machine
24    ROSHAN LAL MAHTO    M    28    Independent    Balloon
25    ROSAN PRASAD    M    25    Independent    Table Lamp
26    LAL BABA MASANI    M    65    Independent    Bread
S27    9    23-Apr-09    JH    JAMSHEDPUR    1    AJEET KUMAR    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    ARJUN MUNDA    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    SUMAN MAHTO    F    44    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
4    ARVIND KUMAR SINGH    M    47    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
5    ASHOK TRIPATHI    M    44    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
6    KINKAR GOUR    M    41    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal    Hat
7    KRISHN MURARI MISHRA    M    47    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha    Coconut
8    PARIKSHIT MAHATO    M    43    Lok Jan Shakti Party    Bungalow
9    MUBIN KHAN    M    50    Bahujan Shakty    Almirah
10    RAJ KAPOOR MAHATO    M    35    Jharkhand Vikas Dal    Basket
11    SHARAT MAHATO    M    36    Jharkhand Party (Naren)    Electric Pole
12    SHAILENDRA MAHTO    M    55    All Jharkhand Students Union    Banana
13    SHYAM NARAYAN SINGH    M    50    All India Trinamool Congress    Flowers and Grass
14    SANDIP PAUL    M    43    Jharkhand Party    Nagara
15    DR. SUNARAM HANSDA    M    41    Jharkhand Disom Party    Candles
16    HEMANT SINGH    M    37    Amra Bangalee    Battery Torch
17    KRISHNA PRASAD    M    40    Independent    Bat
18    JOSAI MARDI    M    31    Independent    Ceiling Fan
19    DILIP KALINDI    M    44    Independent    Sewing Machine
20    DILIP TUDU    M    41    Independent    Dolli
21    PARAS NATH PRASAD    M    56    Independent    Television
22    RAKESH KUMAR    M    30    Independent    Jug
23    RAJIV CHANDRA MAHATO    M    27    Independent    Batsman
24    RAM CHANDRA PRASAD GUPTA    M    49    Independent    Gas Cylinder
25    VICTOR A. LAZARUS    M    60    Independent    Railway Engine
26    SITARAM TUDU    M    61    Independent    Scissors
S27    10    23-Apr-09    JH    SINGHBHUM    1    BARKUWAR GAGRAI    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    BAGUN SUMBRUI    M    82    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    HIKIM CHANDRA TUDU    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    PREM SINGH MUNDRI    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
5    MANGAL SINGH BOBONGA    M    42    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
6    SUKH RAM JONKO    M    62    Jharkhand Disom Party    Nagara
7    ASHOK KUMAR TIU    M    47    Independent    Road Roller
8    MADHU KORA    M    38    Independent    Scissors
9    HIKIM SOREN    M    46    Independent    Banana
S27    11    16-Apr-09    JH    KHUNTI    1    KARIYA MUNDA    M    72    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
2    NEIL TIRKEY    M    55    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    MARSHAL BARLA    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    THEODORE KIRO    M    58    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
5    NITIMA BODRA BARI    F    41    Jharkhand Party (Naren)    Basket
6    NISHIKANT HORO    M    55    Jharkhand Party    Nagara
7    ANAND KUJUR    M    27    Independent    Almirah
8    UMBULAN TOPNO    M    49    Independent    Banana
9    KARLUS BHENGRA    M    41    Independent    Diesel Pump
S27    12    16-Apr-09    JH    LOHARDAGA    1    JOKHAN BHAGAT    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    RAMESHWAR ORAON    M    63    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SUDARSHAN BHAGAT    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    DEOSHARAN BHAGAT    M    45    All Jharkhand Students Union    Banana
5    BAHURA EKKA    M    61    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
6    BHUNESHWAR LOHRA    M    42    Lok Jan Vikas Morcha    Nagara
7    RAMA KHALKHO    F    38    Jharkhand Janadikhar Manch    Carrot
8    ARJUN BHAGAT    M    60    Independent    Diesel Pump
9    ETWA ORAON    M    45    Independent    Table Lamp
10    GOPAL ORAON    M    56    Independent    Bat
11    CHAMRA LINDA    M    39    Independent    Scissors
12    JAI PRAKASH BHAGAT    M    36    Independent    Letter Box
13    NAWAL KISHOR SINGH    M    51    Independent    Comb
14    PADMA BARAIK    F    25    Independent    Dolli
15    SUKHDEO LOHRA    M    69    Independent    Maize
S27    13    16-Apr-09    JH    PALAMAU    1    KAMESHWAR BAITHA    M    56    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
2    GHURAN RAM    M    42    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
3    RADHA KRISHNA KISHORE    M    52    Janata Dal (United)    Arrow
4    HIRA RAM TUPHANI    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
5    GANESH RAM    M    56    Jharkhand Party    Nagara
6    JAWAHAR PASWAN    M    48    AJSU Party    Banana
7    NANDDEV RAM    M    70    Jharkhand Party (Naren)    Coconut
8    PARVATI DEVI    F    34    Manav Mukti Morcha    Basket
9    PRABHAT KUMAR    M    31    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
10    RAJU GUIDE MAJHI    M    30    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal    Almirah
11    RAM NARESH RAM    M    36    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal    Walking Stick
12    BIRBAL RAM    M    28    Rashtriya Lok Dal    Hand Pump
13    SATYENDRA KUMAR PASWAN    M    30    Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party    Railway Engine
14    SUSHMA MEHTA    F    31    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
15    JITENDRA RAM    M    31    Independent    Scissors
16    NARESH KUMAR PASWAN    M    29    Independent    Cot
17    BRAJMOHAN RAM    M    48    Independent    Sewing Machine
18    BHOLA RAM    M    32    Independent    Ceiling Fan
19    MUNESHWAR RAM    M    58    Independent    Diesel Pump
20    RAM PRASAD RAM    M    58    Independent    Table
21    SUNESHWAR BAITHA    M    54    Independent    Road Roller
S27    14    16-Apr-09    JH    HAZARIBAGH    1    KISHOR KUMAR PANDEY    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
2    BHUVNESHWAR PRASAD MEHTA    M    64    Communist Party of India    Ears of Corn And Sickle
3    YASHWANT SINHA    M    71    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    SHIVLAL MAHTO    M    34    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha    Bow & Arrow
5    SAURABH NARAIN SINGH    M    34    Indian National Congress    Hand
6    CHANDRA PRAKASH CHOUDHARY    M    40    All Jharkhand Students Union    Banana
7    DIGAMBER KU. MEHTA    M    42    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
8    BRAJ KISHORE JAISWAL    M    67    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)    Cup & Saucer
9    DEONATH MAHTO    M    29    Independent    Saw
10    MAHENDRA KISHORE MEHTA    M    38    Independent    Nagara
11    MD. MOINUDDIN AHMED    M    32    Independent    Railway Engine
12    LALAN PRASAD    M    34    Independent    Television
13    SNEHLATA DEVI    F    49    Independent    Sewing Machine
S28    4    13-May-09    UK    NAINITAL-UDHAMSINGH NAGAR    1    SHEESH PAL SINGH ARYA    M    49    Ambedkar National Congress    Not Alloted
2    BAHADUR SINGH    M    57    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
3    MAHESH CHANDRA KANDPAL    M    56    Independent    Not Alloted
4    BACHI SINGH RAWAT    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
5    GHANSHYAM SINGH RANA    M    30    Uttarkhand Janwadi Party    Not Alloted
U01    1    16-Apr-09    AN    ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS    1    SMTI. R. S. UMA BHARATHY    F    44    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    SHRI. KULDEEP RAI SHARMA    M    41    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    SHRI. P. R. GANESHAN    M    71    Rashtriya Janata Dal    Hurricane Lamp
4    SHRI TAPAN KUMAR BEPARI    M    51    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
5    SHRI. BISHNU PADA RAY    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
6    SHRI. M. S. MOHAN    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
7    SHRI. N. K. P. NAIR    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)    Flag with Three Stars
8    SHRI. PRADEEP KUMAR EKKA    M    37    Jharkhand Disom Party    Nagara
9    SHRI. T. ALI    M    37    Independent    Batsman
10    DR. THANKACHAN    M    50    Independent    Coconut
11    SHRI. VAKIATH VALAPPIL KHALID    M    40    Independent    Basket
U03    1    30-Apr-09    DN    DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI    1    DELKAR MOHANBHAI SANJIBHAI    M    46    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    PATEL NATUBHAI GOMANBHAI    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
3    BIJ YOHANBHAI BHADIYABHAI    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party    Elephant
4    KHULAT BHIKALYA VANSHYA    M    40    Independent    Diesel Pump
5    MISHAL LAXMANBHAI NAVASUBHAI    M    39    Independent    Basket
U04    1    30-Apr-09    DD    DAMAN & DIU    1    TANDEL GOPALBHAI KALYANBHAI    M    55    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
2    DAHYABHAI VALLABHBHAI PATEL    M    64    Indian National Congress    Hand
3    LALUBHAI PATEL    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    RAMESHBHAI D. SINGH    M    42    Samajwadi Party    Bicycle
5    GOHEL GAUTAMKUMAR NATVARSINH    M    28    Independent    Hat
6    PANDEY DINESHBHAI    M    37    Independent    Basket
7    SINDE SHAILESHBHAI    M    39    Independent    Whistle
U06    1    16-Apr-09    LD    LAKSHADWEEP    1    MUHAMMED HAMDULLA SAYEED A.B    M    26    Indian National Congress    Hand
2    DR. P. POOKUNHIKOYA    M    60    Nationalist Congress Party    Clock
3    DR. K P MUTHUKOYA    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party    Lotus
4    LUKMANUL HAKEEM    M    32    Communist Party of India (Marxist)    Hammer, Sickle and Star
U07    1    13-May-09    PY    PUDUCHERRY    1    R.L. VENKATRAMAN    M    50    Independent    Not Alloted
2    S.A. MOHAMED YOUSUF    M    46    Independent    Not Alloted
3    NARAYANASAMY    M    61    Indian National Congress    Hand
4    RAMADASS. M    M    59    Pattali Makkal Katchi    Mango
5    SIVAKUMARAN. R    M    42    Pattali Makkal Katchi    Mango

On the general theory of expertise in democracy: reflections on what emerges from the American “torture memos” today

Twenty years ago, I wrote in Philosophy of Economics (Routledge, London & New York, 1989) quoting from Solzhenitsyn’s experience:

“….the received theory of economic policy… must be silent about the appropriate role of the expert not only under conditions of tyranny (Solzhenitsyn: “The prison doctor was the interrogator’s and executioner’s right-hand man. The beaten prisoner would come to on the floor only to hear the doctor’s voice: ‘You can continue, the pulse is normal’” ); but also where the duly elected government of an open and democratic society proceeded to do things patently wrong or tyrannical (the imprisonment of the Japanese Americans). Hence Popper’s “paradox of democracy” and “tyranny of the majority”..… A theory of economic policy which both assumes a free and open society and bases itself upon a moral scepticism cannot have anything to say ultimately about the objective reasons why a free and open society may be preferred to an unfree or closed society, or about the good or bad outcomes that may be produced by the working of democratic processes…”

Today’s Washington Post reports:

“When the CIA began what it called an “increased pressure phase” with captured terrorism suspect Abu Zubaida in the summer of 2002, its first step was to limit the detainee’s human contact to just two people. One was the CIA interrogator, the other a psychologist. During the extraordinary weeks that followed, it was the psychologist who apparently played the more critical role. According to newly released Justice Department documents, the psychologist provided ideas, practical advice and even legal justification for interrogation methods that would break Abu Zubaida, physically and mentally. Extreme sleep deprivation, waterboarding, the use of insects to provoke fear — all were deemed acceptable, in part because the psychologist said so. “No severe mental pain or suffering would have been inflicted,” a Justice Department lawyer said in a 2002 memo explaining why waterboarding, or simulated drowning, should not be considered torture. The role of health professionals as described in the documents has prompted a renewed outcry from ethicists who say the conduct of psychologists and supervising physicians violated basic standards of their professions. Their names are among the few details censored in the long-concealed Bush administration memos released Thursday, but the documents show a steady stream of psychologists, physicians and other health officials who both kept detainees alive and actively participated in designing the interrogation program and monitoring its implementation. Their presence also enabled the government to argue that the interrogations did not include torture. Most of the psychologists were contract employees of the CIA, according to intelligence officials familiar with the program. “The health professionals involved in the CIA program broke the law and shame the bedrock ethical traditions of medicine and psychology,” said Frank Donaghue, chief executive of Physicians for Human Rights, an international advocacy group made up of physicians opposed to torture. “All psychologists and physicians found to be involved in the torture of detainees must lose their license and never be allowed to practice again.” The CIA declined to comment yesterday on the role played by health professionals in the agency’s self-described “enhanced interrogation program,” which operated from 2002 to 2006 in various secret prisons overseas. “The fact remains that CIA’s detention and interrogation effort was authorized and approved by our government,” CIA Director Leon Panetta said Thursday in a statement to employees. The Obama administration and its top intelligence leaders have banned harsh interrogations while also strongly opposing investigations or penalties for employees who were following their government’s orders. The CIA dispatched personnel from its office of medical services to each secret prison and evaluated medical professionals involved in interrogations “to make sure they could stand up, psychologically handle it,” according to a former CIA official. The alleged actions of medical professionals in the secret prisons are viewed as particularly troubling by an array of groups, including the American Medical Association and the International Committee of the Red Cross. AMA policies state that physicians “must not be present when torture is used or threatened.” The guidelines allow doctors to treat detainees only “if doing so is in their [detainees’] best interest” and not merely to monitor their health “so that torture can begin or continue.” The American Psychological Association has condemned any participation by its members in interrogations involving torture, but critics of the organization faulted it for failing to censure members involved in harsh interrogations. The ICRC, which conducted the first independent interviews of CIA detainees in 2006, said the prisoners were told they would not be killed during interrogations, though one was warned that he would be brought to “the verge of death and back again,” according to a confidential ICRC report leaked to the New York Review of Books last month. “The interrogation process is contrary to international law and the participation of health personnel in such a process is contrary to international standards of medical ethics,” the ICRC report concluded….” (emphasis added)

Twenty-five years ago, the draft-manuscript that became the book Philosophy of Economics got me into much trouble in American academia. As I have said elsewhere, a gang of “inert game theorists”, similar to many (often unemployable ex-mathematicians) who had come to and still dominate what passes for academic economics in many American and European universities, did not like at all what I was saying. A handful of eminent senior economists – Frank Hahn, T W Schultz, Milton Friedman, James M Buchanan, Sidney Alexander – defended my work and but for their support over the decade 1979-1989, my book would not have seen light of day.  Eventually, I have had to battle over years in the US federal courts over it – only to find myself having to battle bribery of court officers and the suborning of perjury by government legal officers  too! (And speaking of government-paid psychologists, I was even required at one point by my corrupt opponent to undergo tests for having had the temerity of being in court at all! Fortunately for me that particular psychologist declined to participate in the nefariousness of his employer!).

I find all this poignant today as Philosophy of Economics may have, among other things, described the general theoretical problem that has been brought to light today.  I was delighted to hear from a friend in 1993 that my book had been prescribed for a course at Yale Law School and was strewn all over an alley in the bookshop.

Separately, I am also delighted to find that a person pioneering the current work is a daughter of our present PM. I have been sharply critical of Dr Singh’s economics and politics, but I have also said I have had high personal regard for him ever since 1973 when he, as a friend of my father’s, visited our then-home in Paris to advise me before I embarked on my study of economics. My salute to the ACLU’s work in this – may it be an example in defeating cases of State-tyranny in India too.

Subroto Roy,

Memo to the Election Commission of India April 14 2009, 9 AM

The Hon’ble Election Commission, Government of India
Dear Sirs,
I am glad to see the information your website has been providing to India’s public has improved slightly.    But it remains woefully inadequate as a whole.    Here is a list of the 382 constituencies for which you have, as of 0800 this morning, declared candidates.  It is a list that merely required you to use Excel worksheets in an efficient manner.   May we have a firm date by which all candidates for all 543 constituencies shall have been announced?

There are innumerable improvements to the working of our democracy that are possible to be discussed.  For example, I see no logical reason why candidates for the 16th Lok Sabha may not seek to register themselves the day after the results of the 15th Lok Sabha come to be declared.

Once your staff have checked the processed data below against the raw data  you provide, you are welcome to use my tables, preferably with acknowledgment. For convenience, a full list of all 543 constituencies follows the list of 382 constituencies you have announced as of this morning.

Sincerely

Subroto Roy

Constituency No        Poll Date    State/UT    Constituency Name
S01    1    16-Apr-09    AP    ADILABAD
S01    2    16-Apr-09    AP    PEDDAPALLE
S01    3    16-Apr-09    AP    KARIMNAGAR
S01    4    16-Apr-09    AP    NIZAMABAD
S01    5    16-Apr-09    AP    ZAHIRABAD
S01    6    16-Apr-09    AP    MEDAK
S01    7    16-Apr-09    AP    MALKAJGIRI
S01    8    16-Apr-09    AP    SECUNDRABAD
S01    9    16-Apr-09    AP    HYDERABAD
S01    10    16-Apr-09    AP    CHELVELLA
S01    11    16-Apr-09    AP    MAHBUBNAGAR
S01    12    16-Apr-09    AP    NAGARKURNOOL
S01    13    16-Apr-09    AP    NALGONDA
S01    14    16-Apr-09    AP    BHONGIR
S01    15    16-Apr-09    AP    WARANGAL
S01    16    16-Apr-09    AP    MAHABUBABAD
S01    17    16-Apr-09    AP    KHAMMAM
S01    18    16-Apr-09    AP    ARUKU
S01    19    16-Apr-09    AP    SRIKAKULAM
S01    20    16-Apr-09    AP    VIZIANAGARAM
S01    21    16-Apr-09    AP    VISAKHAPATNAM
S01    22    16-Apr-09    AP    ANAKAPALLI
S01    23    23-Apr-09    AP    KAKINADA
S01    24    23-Apr-09    AP    AMALAPURAM
S01    25    23-Apr-09    AP    RAJAHMUNDRY
S01    26    23-Apr-09    AP    NARSAPURAM
S01    27    23-Apr-09    AP    ELURU
S01    28    23-Apr-09    AP    MACHILIPATNAM
S01    29    23-Apr-09    AP    VIJAYAWADA
S01    30    23-Apr-09    AP    GUNTUR
S01    31    23-Apr-09    AP    NARASARAOPET
S01    32    23-Apr-09    AP    BAPATLA
S01    33    23-Apr-09    AP    ONGOLE
S01    34    23-Apr-09    AP    NANDYAL
S01    35    23-Apr-09    AP    KURNOOL
S01    36    23-Apr-09    AP    ANANTAPUR
S01    37    23-Apr-09    AP    HINDUPUR
S01    38    23-Apr-09    AP    KADAPA
S01    39    23-Apr-09    AP    NELLORE
S01    40    23-Apr-09    AP    TIRUPATI
S01    41    23-Apr-09    AP    RAJAMPET
S01    42    23-Apr-09    AP    CHITTOOR
S02    1    16-Apr-09    AR    ARUNACHAL WEST
S02    2    16-Apr-09    AR    ARUNACHAL EAST
S03    1    16-Apr-09    AS    KARIMGANJ
S03    2    16-Apr-09    AS    SILCHAR
S03    3    16-Apr-09    AS    AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT
S03    4    23-Apr-09    AS    DHUBRI
S03    5    23-Apr-09    AS    KOKRAJHAR
S03    6    23-Apr-09    AS    BARPETA
S03    7    23-Apr-09    AS    GAUHATI
S03    8    23-Apr-09    AS    MANGALDOI
S03    9    23-Apr-09    AS    TEZPUR
S03    10    23-Apr-09    AS    NOWGONG
S03    11    23-Apr-09    AS    KALIABOR
S03    12    23-Apr-09    AS    JORHAT
S03    13    23-Apr-09    AS    DIBRUGARH
S03    14    23-Apr-09    AS    LAKHIMPUR
S04    1    23-Apr-09    BR    VALMIKI NAGAR
S04    2    23-Apr-09    BR    PASCHIM CHAMPARAN
S04    3    23-Apr-09    BR    PURVI CHAMPARAN
S04    4    23-Apr-09    BR    SHEOHAR
S04    5    23-Apr-09    BR    SITAMARHI
S04    6    23-Apr-09    BR    MADHUBANI
S04    7    23-Apr-09    BR    JHANJHARPUR
S04    11    30-Apr-09    BR    KATIHAR
S04    12    30-Apr-09    BR    PURNIA
S04    13    30-Apr-09    BR    MADHEPURA
S04    14    23-Apr-09    BR    DARBHANGA
S04    15    23-Apr-09    BR    MUZAFFARPUR
S04    16    23-Apr-09    BR    VAISHALI
S04    17    16-Apr-09    BR    GOPALGANJ
S04    18    16-Apr-09    BR    SIWAN
S04    19    16-Apr-09    BR    MAHARAJGANJ
S04    20    16-Apr-09    BR    SARAN
S04    21    23-Apr-09    BR    HAJIPUR
S04    22    23-Apr-09    BR    UJIARPUR
S04    23    23-Apr-09    BR    SAMASTIPUR
S04    25    30-Apr-09    BR    KHAGARIA
S04    27    30-Apr-09    BR    BANKA
S04    28    30-Apr-09    BR    MUNGER
S04    32    16-Apr-09    BR    ARRAH
S04    33    16-Apr-09    BR    BUXAR
S04    34    16-Apr-09    BR    SASARAM
S04    35    16-Apr-09    BR    KARAKAT
S04    36    16-Apr-09    BR    JAHANABAD
S04    37    16-Apr-09    BR    AURANGABAD
S04    38    16-Apr-09    BR    GAYA
S04    39    16-Apr-09    BR    NAWADA
S04    40    16-Apr-09    BR    JAMUI
S05    1    23-Apr-09    GA    NORTH GOA
S05    2    23-Apr-09    GA    SOUTH GOA
S06    1    30-Apr-09    GJ    KACHCHH
S06    2    30-Apr-09    GJ    BANASKANTHA
S06    3    30-Apr-09    GJ    PATAN
S06    4    30-Apr-09    GJ    MAHESANA
S06    5    30-Apr-09    GJ    SABARKANTHA
S06    6    30-Apr-09    GJ    GANDHINAGAR
S06    7    30-Apr-09    GJ    AHMEDABAD EAST
S06    8    30-Apr-09    GJ    AHMEDABAD WEST
S06    9    30-Apr-09    GJ    SURENDRANAGAR
S06    10    30-Apr-09    GJ    RAJKOT
S06    11    30-Apr-09    GJ    PORBANDAR
S06    12    30-Apr-09    GJ    JAMNAGAR
S06    13    30-Apr-09    GJ    JUNAGADH
S06    14    30-Apr-09    GJ    AMRELI
S06    15    30-Apr-09    GJ    BHAVNAGAR
S06    16    30-Apr-09    GJ    ANAND
S06    17    30-Apr-09    GJ    KHEDA
S06    18    30-Apr-09    GJ    PANCHMAHAL
S06    19    30-Apr-09    GJ    DAHOD
S06    20    30-Apr-09    GJ    VADODARA
S06    21    30-Apr-09    GJ    CHHOTA UDAIPUR
S06    22    30-Apr-09    GJ    BHARUCH
S06    23    30-Apr-09    GJ    BARDOLI
S06    24    30-Apr-09    GJ    SURAT
S06    25    30-Apr-09    GJ    NAVSARI
S06    26    30-Apr-09    GJ    VALSAD
S07    2    7-May-09    HR    KURUKSHETRA
S07    6    7-May-09    HR    SONIPAT
S07    9    7-May-09    HR    GURGAON
S07    10    7-May-09    HR    FARIDABAD
S09    5    23-Apr-09    JK    UDHAMPUR
S09    6    16-Apr-09    JK    JAMMU
S10    1    23-Apr-09    KA    CHIKKODI
S10    2    23-Apr-09    KA    BELGAUM
S10    3    30-Apr-09    KA    BAGALKOT
S10    4    23-Apr-09    KA    BIJAPUR
S10    5    23-Apr-09    KA    GULBARGA
S10    6    23-Apr-09    KA    RAICHUR
S10    7    23-Apr-09    KA    BIDAR
S10    8    23-Apr-09    KA    KOPPAL
S10    9    23-Apr-09    KA    BELLARY
S10    10    30-Apr-09    KA    HAVERI
S10    11    30-Apr-09    KA    DHARWAD
S10    12    23-Apr-09    KA    UTTARA KANNADA
S10    13    30-Apr-09    KA    DAVANAGERE
S10    14    30-Apr-09    KA    SHIMOGA
S10    15    30-Apr-09    KA    UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR
S10    16    30-Apr-09    KA    HASSAN
S10    18    23-Apr-09    KA    CHITRADURGA
S10    19    23-Apr-09    KA    TUMKUR
S10    20    30-Apr-09    KA    MANDYA
S10    21    30-Apr-09    KA    MYSORE
S10    22    30-Apr-09    KA    CHAMARAJANAGAR
S10    23    23-Apr-09    KA    BANGALORE RURAL
S10    24    23-Apr-09    KA    BANGALORE NORTH
S10    25    23-Apr-09    KA    BANGALORE CENTRAL
S10    26    23-Apr-09    KA    BANGALORE SOUTH
S10    27    23-Apr-09    KA    CHIKKBALLAPUR
S10    28    23-Apr-09    KA    KOLAR
S11    1    16-Apr-09    KL    KASARAGOD
S11    2    16-Apr-09    KL    KANNUR
S11    3    16-Apr-09    KL    VADAKARA
S11    4    16-Apr-09    KL    WAYANAD
S11    5    16-Apr-09    KL    KOZHIKODE
S11    6    16-Apr-09    KL    MALAPPURAM
S11    7    16-Apr-09    KL    PONNANI
S11    8    16-Apr-09    KL    PALAKKAD
S11    9    16-Apr-09    KL    ALATHUR
S11    10    16-Apr-09    KL    THRISSUR
S11    11    16-Apr-09    KL    CHALAKUDY
S11    12    16-Apr-09    KL    ERNAKULAM
S11    13    16-Apr-09    KL    IDUKKI
S11    14    16-Apr-09    KL    KOTTAYAM
S11    15    16-Apr-09    KL    ALAPPUZHA
S11    16    16-Apr-09    KL    MAVELIKKARA
S11    17    16-Apr-09    KL    PATHANAMTHITTA
S11    18    16-Apr-09    KL    KOLLAM
S11    19    16-Apr-09    KL    ATTINGAL
S11    20    16-Apr-09    KL    THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
S12    1    30-Apr-09    MP    MORENA
S12    2    30-Apr-09    MP    BHIND
S12    3    30-Apr-09    MP    GWALIOR
S12    4    30-Apr-09    MP    GUNA
S12    7    30-Apr-09    MP    DAMOH
S12    8    23-Apr-09    MP    KHAJURAHO
S12    9    23-Apr-09    MP    SATNA
S12    10    23-Apr-09    MP    REWA
S12    11    23-Apr-09    MP    SIDHI
S12    12    23-Apr-09    MP    SHAHDOL
S12    13    23-Apr-09    MP    JABALPUR
S12    14    23-Apr-09    MP    MANDLA
S12    15    23-Apr-09    MP    BALAGHAT
S12    16    23-Apr-09    MP    CHHINDWARA
S12    17    23-Apr-09    MP    HOSHANGABAD
S12    18    23-Apr-09    MP    VIDISHA
S12    19    23-Apr-09    MP    BHOPAL
S12    22    30-Apr-09    MP    UJJAIN
S12    23    30-Apr-09    MP    MANDSOUR
S12    25    30-Apr-09    MP    DHAR
S12    27    30-Apr-09    MP    KHARGONE
S12    29    23-Apr-09    MP    BETUL
S13    1    23-Apr-09    MH    NANDURBAR
S13    2    23-Apr-09    MH    DHULE
S13    3    23-Apr-09    MH    JALGAON
S13    4    23-Apr-09    MH    RAVER
S13    5    16-Apr-09    MH    BULDHANA
S13    6    16-Apr-09    MH    AKOLA
S13    7    16-Apr-09    MH    AMRAVATI
S13    8    16-Apr-09    MH    WARDHA
S13    9    16-Apr-09    MH    RAMTEK
S13    10    16-Apr-09    MH    NAGPUR
S13    11    16-Apr-09    MH    BHANDARA – GONDIYA
S13    12    16-Apr-09    MH    GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR
S13    13    16-Apr-09    MH    CHANDRAPUR
S13    14    16-Apr-09    MH    YAVATMAL-WASHIM
S13    15    16-Apr-09    MH    HINGOLI
S13    16    16-Apr-09    MH    NANDED
S13    17    16-Apr-09    MH    PARBHANI
S13    18    23-Apr-09    MH    JALNA
S13    19    23-Apr-09    MH    AURANGABAD
S13    20    23-Apr-09    MH    DINDORI
S13    21    23-Apr-09    MH    NASHIK
S13    22    30-Apr-09    MH    PALGHAR
S13    23    30-Apr-09    MH    BHIWANDI
S13    25    30-Apr-09    MH    THANE
S13    27    30-Apr-09    MH    MUMBAI NORTH WEST
S13    30    30-Apr-09    MH    MUMBAI SOUTH CENTRAL
S13    31    30-Apr-09    MH    MUMBAI SOUTH
S13    32    23-Apr-09    MH    RAIGAD
S13    33    23-Apr-09    MH    MAVAL
S13    34    23-Apr-09    MH    PUNE
S13    35    23-Apr-09    MH    BARAMATI
S13    36    23-Apr-09    MH    SHIRUR
S13    37    23-Apr-09    MH    AHMADNAGAR
S13    38    23-Apr-09    MH    SHIRDI
S13    39    23-Apr-09    MH    BEED
S13    40    23-Apr-09    MH    OSMANABAD
S13    41    23-Apr-09    MH    LATUR
S13    42    23-Apr-09    MH    SOLAPUR
S13    43    23-Apr-09    MH    MADHA
S13    44    23-Apr-09    MH    SANGLI
S13    45    23-Apr-09    MH    SATARA
S13    46    23-Apr-09    MH    RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG
S13    47    23-Apr-09    MH    KOLHAPUR
S13    48    23-Apr-09    MH    HATKANANGLE
S14    1    22-Apr-09    MN    INNER MANIPUR
S14    2    16-Apr-09    MN    OUTER MANIPUR
S15    1    16-Apr-09    ML    SHILLONG
S15    2    16-Apr-09    ML    TURA
S16    1    16-Apr-09    MZ    MIZORAM
S17    1    16-Apr-09    NL    NAGALAND
S18    1    16-Apr-09    OR    BARGARH
S18    2    16-Apr-09    OR    SUNDARGARH
S18    3    16-Apr-09    OR    SAMBALPUR
S18    4    23-Apr-09    OR    KEONJHAR
S18    5    23-Apr-09    OR    MAYURBHANJ
S18    6    23-Apr-09    OR    BALASORE
S18    7    23-Apr-09    OR    BHADRAK
S18    8    23-Apr-09    OR    JAJPUR
S18    9    23-Apr-09    OR    DHENKANAL
S18    10    16-Apr-09    OR    BOLANGIR
S18    11    16-Apr-09    OR    KALAHANDI
S18    12    16-Apr-09    OR    NABARANGPUR
S18    13    16-Apr-09    OR    KANDHAMAL
S18    14    23-Apr-09    OR    CUTTACK
S18    15    23-Apr-09    OR    KENDRAPARA
S18    16    23-Apr-09    OR    JAGATSINGHPUR
S18    17    23-Apr-09    OR    PURI
S18    18    23-Apr-09    OR    BHUBANESWAR
S18    19    16-Apr-09    OR    ASKA
S18    20    16-Apr-09    OR    BERHAMPUR
S18    21    16-Apr-09    OR    KORAPUT
S19    10    7-May-09    PB    FEROZPUR
S19    11    7-May-09    PB    BATHINDA
S19    12    7-May-09    PB    SANGRUR
S20    3    7-May-09    RJ    CHURU
S20    5    7-May-09    RJ    SIKAR
S20    6    7-May-09    RJ    JAIPUR RURAL
S20    7    7-May-09    RJ    JAIPUR
S20    11    7-May-09    RJ    DAUSA
S20    12    7-May-09    RJ    TONK-SAWAI MADHOPUR
S20    15    7-May-09    RJ    PALI
S20    18    7-May-09    RJ    JALORE
S20    21    7-May-09    RJ    CHITTORGARH
S20    23    7-May-09    RJ    BHILWARA
S20    25    7-May-09    RJ    JHALAWAR-BARAN
S23    1    23-Apr-09    TR    TRIPURA WEST
S23    2    23-Apr-09    TR    TRIPURA EAST
S24    2    7-May-09    UP    KAIRANA
S24    3    7-May-09    UP    MUZAFFARNAGAR
S24    15    7-May-09    UP    ALIGARH
S24    17    7-May-09    UP    MATHURA
S24    19    7-May-09    UP    FATEHPUR SIKRI
S24    21    7-May-09    UP    MAINPURI
S24    22    7-May-09    UP    ETAH
S24    30    30-Apr-09    UP    SITAPUR
S24    33    30-Apr-09    UP    UNNAO
S24    34    30-Apr-09    UP    MOHANLALGANJ
S24    35    30-Apr-09    UP    LUCKNOW
S24    37    23-Apr-09    UP    AMETHI
S24    38    23-Apr-09    UP    SULTANPUR
S24    39    23-Apr-09    UP    PRATAPGARH
S24    40    7-May-09    UP    FARRUKHABAD
S24    42    7-May-09    UP    KANNAUJ
S24    43    30-Apr-09    UP    KANPUR
S24    44    30-Apr-09    UP    AKBARPUR
S24    45    30-Apr-09    UP    JALAUN
S24    47    30-Apr-09    UP    HAMIRPUR
S24    48    23-Apr-09    UP    BANDA
S24    49    30-Apr-09    UP    FATEHPUR
S24    50    23-Apr-09    UP    KAUSHAMBI
S24    51    23-Apr-09    UP    PHULPUR
S24    52    23-Apr-09    UP    ALLAHABAD
S24    53    30-Apr-09    UP    BARABANKI
S24    54    23-Apr-09    UP    FAIZABAD
S24    55    23-Apr-09    UP    AMBEDKAR NAGAR
S24    57    23-Apr-09    UP    KAISERGANJ
S24    58    23-Apr-09    UP    SHRAWASTI
S24    59    23-Apr-09    UP    GONDA
S24    60    23-Apr-09    UP    DOMARIYAGANJ
S24    61    23-Apr-09    UP    BASTI
S24    62    23-Apr-09    UP    SANT KABIR NAGAR
S24    63    16-Apr-09    UP    MAHARAJGANJ
S24    64    16-Apr-09    UP    GORAKHPUR
S24    65    16-Apr-09    UP    KUSHI NAGAR
S24    66    16-Apr-09    UP    DEORIA
S24    67    16-Apr-09    UP    BANSGAON
S24    68    16-Apr-09    UP    LALGANJ
S24    69    16-Apr-09    UP    AZAMGARH
S24    70    16-Apr-09    UP    GHOSI
S24    71    16-Apr-09    UP    SALEMPUR
S24    72    16-Apr-09    UP    BALLIA
S24    73    23-Apr-09    UP    JAUNPUR
S24    74    16-Apr-09    UP    MACHHLISHAHR
S24    75    16-Apr-09    UP    GHAZIPUR
S24    76    16-Apr-09    UP    CHANDAULI
S24    77    16-Apr-09    UP    VARANASI
S24    78    23-Apr-09    UP    BHADOHI
S24    79    16-Apr-09    UP    MIRZAPUR
S24    80    16-Apr-09    UP    ROBERTSGANJ
S25    1    30-Apr-09    WB    COOCH BEHAR
S25    2    30-Apr-09    WB    ALIPURDUARS
S25    3    30-Apr-09    WB    JALPAIGURI
S25    4    30-Apr-09    WB    DARJEELING
S25    5    30-Apr-09    WB    RAIGANJ
S25    6    30-Apr-09    WB    BALURGHAT
S25    7    30-Apr-09    WB    MALDAHA UTTAR
S25    8    30-Apr-09    WB    MALDAHA DAKSHIN
S25    9    7-May-09    WB    JANGIPUR
S25    10    7-May-09    WB    BAHARAMPUR
S25    11    7-May-09    WB    MURSHIDABAD
S25    13    7-May-09    WB    RANAGHAT
S25    27    7-May-09    WB    SRERAMPUR
S25    29    7-May-09    WB    ARAMBAGH
S25    32    30-Apr-09    WB    GHATAL
S25    33    30-Apr-09    WB    JHARGRAM
S25    34    30-Apr-09    WB    MEDINIPUR
S25    35    30-Apr-09    WB    PURULIA
S25    36    30-Apr-09    WB    BANKURA
S25    37    30-Apr-09    WB    BISHNUPUR
S25    41    7-May-09    WB    BOLPUR
S26    1    16-Apr-09    CG    SARGUJA
S26    2    16-Apr-09    CG    RAIGARH
S26    3    16-Apr-09    CG    JANJGIR-CHAMPA
S26    4    16-Apr-09    CG    KORBA
S26    5    16-Apr-09    CG    BILASPUR
S26    6    16-Apr-09    CG    RAJNANDGAON
S26    7    16-Apr-09    CG    DURG
S26    8    16-Apr-09    CG    RAIPUR
S26    9    16-Apr-09    CG    MAHASAMUND
S26    10    16-Apr-09    CG    BASTAR
S26    11    16-Apr-09    CG    KANKER
S27    1    23-Apr-09    JH    RAJMAHAL
S27    2    23-Apr-09    JH    DUMKA
S27    3    23-Apr-09    JH    GODDA
S27    4    16-Apr-09    JH    CHATRA
S27    5    16-Apr-09    JH    KODARMA
S27    6    23-Apr-09    JH    GIRIDIH
S27    7    23-Apr-09    JH    DHANBAD
S27    8    23-Apr-09    JH    RANCHI
S27    9    23-Apr-09    JH    JAMSHEDPUR
S27    10    23-Apr-09    JH    SINGHBHUM
S27    11    16-Apr-09    JH    KHUNTI
S27    12    16-Apr-09    JH    LOHARDAGA
S27    13    16-Apr-09    JH    PALAMAU
S27    14    16-Apr-09    JH    HAZARIBAGH
U01    1    16-Apr-09    AN    ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
U03    1    30-Apr-09    DN    DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI
U04    1    30-Apr-09    DD    DAMAN & DIU
U06    1    16-Apr-09    LD    LAKSHADWEEP

Full list of all 543 Constituencies
S01 1 AP ADILABAD
S01 2 AP PEDDAPALLE
S01 3 AP KARIMNAGAR
S01 4 AP NIZAMABAD
S01 5 AP ZAHIRABAD
S01 6 AP MEDAK
S01 7 AP MALKAJGIRI
S01 8 AP SECUNDRABAD
S01 9 AP HYDERABAD
S01 10 AP CHELVELLA
S01 11 AP MAHBUBNAGAR
S01 12 AP NAGARKURNOOL
S01 13 AP NALGONDA
S01 14 AP BHONGIR
S01 15 AP WARANGAL
S01 16 AP MAHABUBABAD
S01 17 AP KHAMMAM
S01 18 AP ARUKU
S01 19 AP SRIKAKULAM
S01 20 AP VIZIANAGARAM
S01 21 AP VISAKHAPATNAM
S01 22 AP ANAKAPALLI
S01 23 AP KAKINADA
S01 24 AP AMALAPURAM
S01 25 AP RAJAHMUNDRY
S01 26 AP NARSAPURAM
S01 27 AP ELURU
S01 28 AP MACHILIPATNAM
S01 29 AP VIJAYAWADA
S01 30 AP GUNTUR
S01 31 AP NARASARAOPET
S01 32 AP BAPATLA
S01 33 AP ONGOLE
S01 34 AP NANDYAL
S01 35 AP KURNOOL
S01 36 AP ANANTAPUR
S01 37 AP HINDUPUR
S01 38 AP KADAPA
S01 39 AP NELLORE
S01 40 AP TIRUPATI
S01 41 AP RAJAMPET
S01 42 AP CHITTOOR
S02 1 AR ARUNACHAL WEST
S02 2 AR ARUNACHAL EAST
S03 1 AS KARIMGANJ
S03 2 AS SILCHAR
S03 3 AS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT
S03 4 AS DHUBRI
S03 5 AS KOKRAJHAR
S03 6 AS BARPETA
S03 7 AS GAUHATI
S03 8 AS MANGALDOI
S03 9 AS TEZPUR
S03 10 AS NOWGONG
S03 11 AS KALIABOR
S03 12 AS JORHAT
S03 13 AS DIBRUGARH
S03 14 AS LAKHIMPUR
S04 1 BR VALMIKI NAGAR
S04 2 BR PASCHIM CHAMPARAN
S04 3 BR PURVI CHAMPARAN
S04 4 BR SHEOHAR
S04 5 BR SITAMARHI
S04 6 BR MADHUBANI
S04 7 BR JHANJHARPUR
S04 8 BR SUPAUL
S04 9 BR ARARIA
S04 10 BR KISHANGANJ
S04 11 BR KATIHAR
S04 12 BR PURNIA
S04 13 BR MADHEPURA
S04 14 BR DARBHANGA
S04 15 BR MUZAFFARPUR
S04 16 BR VAISHALI
S04 17 BR GOPALGANJ
S04 18 BR SIWAN
S04 19 BR MAHARAJGANJ
S04 20 BR SARAN
S04 21 BR HAJIPUR
S04 22 BR UJIARPUR
S04 23 BR SAMASTIPUR
S04 24 BR BEGUSARAI
S04 25 BR KHAGARIA
S04 26 BR BHAGALPUR
S04 27 BR BANKA
S04 28 BR MUNGER
S04 29 BR NALANDA
S04 30 BR PATNA SAHIB
S04 31 BR PATALIPUTRA
S04 32 BR ARRAH
S04 33 BR BUXAR
S04 34 BR SASARAM
S04 35 BR KARAKAT
S04 36 BR JAHANABAD
S04 37 BR AURANGABAD
S04 38 BR GAYA
S04 39 BR NAWADA
S04 40 BR JAMUI
S05 1 GA NORTH GOA
S05 2 GA SOUTH GOA
S06 1 GJ KACHCHH
S06 2 GJ BANASKANTHA
S06 3 GJ PATAN
S06 4 GJ MAHESANA
S06 5 GJ SABARKANTHA
S06 6 GJ GANDHINAGAR
S06 7 GJ AHMEDABAD EAST
S06 8 GJ AHMEDABAD WEST
S06 9 GJ SURENDRANAGAR
S06 10 GJ RAJKOT
S06 11 GJ PORBANDAR
S06 12 GJ JAMNAGAR
S06 13 GJ JUNAGADH
S06 14 GJ AMRELI
S06 15 GJ BHAVNAGAR
S06 16 GJ ANAND
S06 17 GJ KHEDA
S06 18 GJ PANCHMAHAL
S06 19 GJ DAHOD
S06 20 GJ VADODARA
S06 21 GJ CHHOTA UDAIPUR
S06 22 GJ BHARUCH
S06 23 GJ BARDOLI
S06 24 GJ SURAT
S06 25 GJ NAVSARI
S06 26 GJ VALSAD
S07 1 HR AMBALA
S07 2 HR KURUKSHETRA
S07 3 HR SIRSA
S07 4 HR HISAR
S07 5 HR KARNAL
S07 6 HR SONIPAT
S07 7 HR ROHTAK
S07 8 HR BHIWANI-MAHENDRAGARH
S07 9 HR GURGAON
S07 10 HR FARIDABAD
S08 1 HP KANGRA
S08 2 HP MANDI
S08 3 HP HAMIRPUR
S08 4 HP SHIMLA
S09 1 JK BARAMULLA
S09 2 JK SRINAGAR
S09 3 JK ANANTNAG
S09 4 JK LADAKH
S09 5 JK UDHAMPUR
S09 6 JK JAMMU
S10 1 KA CHIKKODI
S10 2 KA BELGAUM
S10 3 KA BAGALKOT
S10 4 KA BIJAPUR
S10 5 KA GULBARGA
S10 6 KA RAICHUR
S10 7 KA BIDAR
S10 8 KA KOPPAL
S10 9 KA BELLARY
S10 10 KA HAVERI
S10 11 KA DHARWAD
S10 12 KA UTTARA KANNADA
S10 13 KA DAVANAGERE
S10 14 KA SHIMOGA
S10 15 KA UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR
S10 16 KA HASSAN
S10 17 KA DAKSHINA KANNADA
S10 18 KA CHITRADURGA
S10 19 KA TUMKUR
S10 20 KA MANDYA
S10 21 KA MYSORE
S10 22 KA CHAMARAJANAGAR
S10 23 KA BANGALORE RURAL
S10 24 KA BANGALORE NORTH
S10 25 KA BANGALORE CENTRAL
S10 26 KA BANGALORE SOUTH
S10 27 KA CHIKKBALLAPUR
S10 28 KA KOLAR
S11 1 KL KASARAGOD
S11 2 KL KANNUR
S11 3 KL VADAKARA
S11 4 KL WAYANAD
S11 5 KL KOZHIKODE
S11 6 KL MALAPPURAM
S11 7 KL PONNANI
S11 8 KL PALAKKAD
S11 9 KL ALATHUR
S11 10 KL THRISSUR
S11 11 KL CHALAKUDY
S11 12 KL ERNAKULAM
S11 13 KL IDUKKI
S11 14 KL KOTTAYAM
S11 15 KL ALAPPUZHA
S11 16 KL MAVELIKKARA
S11 17 KL PATHANAMTHITTA
S11 18 KL KOLLAM
S11 19 KL ATTINGAL
S11 20 KL THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
S12 1 MP MORENA
S12 2 MP BHIND
S12 3 MP GWALIOR
S12 4 MP GUNA
S12 5 MP SAGAR
S12 6 MP TIKAMGARH
S12 7 MP DAMOH
S12 8 MP KHAJURAHO
S12 9 MP SATNA
S12 10 MP REWA
S12 11 MP SIDHI
S12 12 MP SHAHDOL
S12 13 MP JABALPUR
S12 14 MP MANDLA
S12 15 MP BALAGHAT
S12 16 MP CHHINDWARA
S12 17 MP HOSHANGABAD
S12 18 MP VIDISHA
S12 19 MP BHOPAL
S12 20 MP RAJGARH
S12 21 MP DEWAS
S12 22 MP UJJAIN
S12 23 MP MANDSOUR
S12 24 MP RATLAM
S12 25 MP DHAR
S12 26 MP INDORE
S12 27 MP KHARGONE
S12 28 MP KHANDWA
S12 29 MP BETUL
S13 1 MH NANDURBAR
S13 2 MH DHULE
S13 3 MH JALGAON
S13 4 MH RAVER
S13 5 MH BULDHANA
S13 6 MH AKOLA
S13 7 MH AMRAVATI
S13 8 MH WARDHA
S13 9 MH RAMTEK
S13 10 MH NAGPUR
S13 11 MH BHANDARA – GONDIYA
S13 12 MH GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR
S13 13 MH CHANDRAPUR
S13 14 MH YAVATMAL-WASHIM
S13 15 MH HINGOLI
S13 16 MH NANDED
S13 17 MH PARBHANI
S13 18 MH JALNA
S13 19 MH AURANGABAD
S13 20 MH DINDORI
S13 21 MH NASHIK
S13 22 MH PALGHAR
S13 23 MH BHIWANDI
S13 24 MH KALYAN
S13 25 MH THANE
S13 26 MH MUMBAI NORTH
S13 27 MH MUMBAI NORTH WEST
S13 28 MH MUMBAI NORTH EAST
S13 29 MH MUMBAI NORTH CENTRAL
S13 30 MH MUMBAI SOUTH CENTRAL
S13 31 MH MUMBAI SOUTH
S13 32 MH RAIGAD
S13 33 MH MAVAL
S13 34 MH PUNE
S13 35 MH BARAMATI
S13 36 MH SHIRUR
S13 37 MH AHMADNAGAR
S13 38 MH SHIRDI
S13 39 MH BEED
S13 40 MH OSMANABAD
S13 41 MH LATUR
S13 42 MH SOLAPUR
S13 43 MH MADHA
S13 44 MH SANGLI
S13 45 MH SATARA
S13 46 MH RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG
S13 47 MH KOLHAPUR
S13 48 MH HATKANANGLE
S14 1 MN INNER MANIPUR
S14 2 MN OUTER MANIPUR
S15 1 ML SHILLONG
S15 2 ML TURA
S16 1 MZ MIZORAM
S17 1 NL NAGALAND
S18 1 OR BARGARH
S18 2 OR SUNDARGARH
S18 3 OR SAMBALPUR
S18 4 OR KEONJHAR
S18 5 OR MAYURBHANJ
S18 6 OR BALASORE
S18 7 OR BHADRAK
S18 8 OR JAJPUR
S18 9 OR DHENKANAL
S18 10 OR BOLANGIR
S18 11 OR KALAHANDI
S18 12 OR NABARANGPUR
S18 13 OR KANDHAMAL
S18 14 OR CUTTACK
S18 15 OR KENDRAPARA
S18 16 OR JAGATSINGHPUR
S18 17 OR PURI
S18 18 OR BHUBANESWAR
S18 19 OR ASKA
S18 20 OR BERHAMPUR
S18 21 OR KORAPUT
S19 1 PB GURDASPUR
S19 2 PB AMRITSAR
S19 3 PB KHADOOR SAHIB
S19 4 PB JALANDHAR
S19 5 PB HOSHIARPUR
S19 6 PB ANANDPUR SAHIB
S19 7 PB LUDHIANA
S19 8 PB FATEHGARH SAHIB
S19 9 PB FARIDKOT
S19 10 PB FEROZPUR
S19 11 PB BATHINDA
S19 12 PB SANGRUR
S19 13 PB PATIALA
S20 1 RJ GANGANAGAR
S20 2 RJ BIKANER
S20 3 RJ CHURU
S20 4 RJ JHUNJHUNU
S20 5 RJ SIKAR
S20 6 RJ JAIPUR RURAL
S20 7 RJ JAIPUR
S20 8 RJ ALWAR
S20 9 RJ BHARATPUR
S20 10 RJ KARAULI-DHOLPUR
S20 11 RJ DAUSA
S20 12 RJ TONK-SAWAI MADHOPUR
S20 13 RJ AJMER
S20 14 RJ NAGAUR
S20 15 RJ PALI
S20 16 RJ JODHPUR
S20 17 RJ BARMER
S20 18 RJ JALORE
S20 19 RJ UDAIPUR
S20 20 RJ BANSWARA
S20 21 RJ CHITTORGARH
S20 22 RJ RAJSAMAND
S20 23 RJ BHILWARA
S20 24 RJ KOTA
S20 25 RJ JHALAWAR-BARAN
S21 1 SK SIKKIM
S22 1 TN THIRUVALLUR
S22 2 TN CHENNAI NORTH
S22 3 TN CHENNAI SOUTH
S22 4 TN CHENNAI CENTRAL
S22 5 TN SRIPERUMBUDUR
S22 6 TN KANCHEEPURAM
S22 7 TN ARAKKONAM
S22 8 TN VELLORE
S22 9 TN KRISHNAGIRI
S22 10 TN DHARMAPURI
S22 11 TN TIRUVANNAMALAI
S22 12 TN ARANI
S22 13 TN VILUPPURAM
S22 14 TN KALLAKURICHI
S22 15 TN SALEM
S22 16 TN NAMAKKAL
S22 17 TN ERODE
S22 18 TN TIRUPPUR
S22 19 TN NILGIRIS
S22 20 TN COIMBATORE
S22 21 TN POLLACHI
S22 22 TN DINDIGUL
S22 23 TN KARUR
S22 24 TN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI
S22 25 TN PERAMBALUR
S22 26 TN CUDDALORE
S22 27 TN CHIDAMBARAM
S22 28 TN MAYILADUTHURAI
S22 29 TN NAGAPATTINAM
S22 30 TN THANJAVUR
S22 31 TN SIVAGANGA
S22 32 TN MADURAI
S22 33 TN THENI
S22 34 TN VIRUDHUNAGAR
S22 35 TN RAMANATHAPURAM
S22 36 TN THOOTHUKKUDI
S22 37 TN TENKASI
S22 38 TN TIRUNELVELI
S22 39 TN KANNIYAKUMARI
S23 1 TR TRIPURA WEST
S23 2 TR TRIPURA EAST
S24 1 UP SAHARANPUR
S24 2 UP KAIRANA
S24 3 UP MUZAFFARNAGAR
S24 4 UP BIJNOR
S24 5 UP NAGINA
S24 6 UP MORADABAD
S24 7 UP RAMPUR
S24 8 UP SAMBHAL
S24 9 UP AMROHA
S24 10 UP MEERUT
S24 11 UP BAGHPAT
S24 12 UP GHAZIABAD
S24 13 UP GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR
S24 14 UP BULANDSHAHR
S24 15 UP ALIGARH
S24 16 UP HATHRAS
S24 17 UP MATHURA
S24 18 UP AGRA
S24 19 UP FATEHPUR SIKRI
S24 20 UP FIROZABAD
S24 21 UP MAINPURI
S24 22 UP ETAH
S24 23 UP BADAUN
S24 24 UP AONLA
S24 25 UP BAREILLY
S24 26 UP PILIBHIT
S24 27 UP SHAHJAHANPUR
S24 28 UP KHERI
S24 29 UP DHAURAHRA
S24 30 UP SITAPUR
S24 31 UP HARDOI
S24 32 UP MISRIKH
S24 33 UP UNNAO
S24 34 UP MOHANLALGANJ
S24 35 UP LUCKNOW
S24 36 UP RAE BARELI
S24 37 UP AMETHI
S24 38 UP SULTANPUR
S24 39 UP PRATAPGARH
S24 40 UP FARRUKHABAD
S24 41 UP ETAWAH
S24 42 UP KANNAUJ
S24 43 UP KANPUR
S24 44 UP AKBARPUR
S24 45 UP JALAUN
S24 46 UP JHANSI
S24 47 UP HAMIRPUR
S24 48 UP BANDA
S24 49 UP FATEHPUR
S24 50 UP KAUSHAMBI
S24 51 UP PHULPUR
S24 52 UP ALLAHABAD
S24 53 UP BARABANKI
S24 54 UP FAIZABAD
S24 55 UP AMBEDKAR NAGAR
S24 56 UP BAHRAICH
S24 57 UP KAISERGANJ
S24 58 UP SHRAWASTI
S24 59 UP GONDA
S24 60 UP DOMARIYAGANJ
S24 61 UP BASTI
S24 62 UP SANT KABIR NAGAR
S24 63 UP MAHARAJGANJ
S24 64 UP GORAKHPUR
S24 65 UP KUSHI NAGAR
S24 66 UP DEORIA
S24 67 UP BANSGAON
S24 68 UP LALGANJ
S24 69 UP AZAMGARH
S24 70 UP GHOSI
S24 71 UP SALEMPUR
S24 72 UP BALLIA
S24 73 UP JAUNPUR
S24 74 UP MACHHLISHAHR
S24 75 UP GHAZIPUR
S24 76 UP CHANDAULI
S24 77 UP VARANASI
S24 78 UP BHADOHI
S24 79 UP MIRZAPUR
S24 80 UP ROBERTSGANJ
S25 1 WB COOCH BEHAR
S25 2 WB ALIPURDUARS
S25 3 WB JALPAIGURI
S25 4 WB DARJEELING
S25 5 WB RAIGANJ
S25 6 WB BALURGHAT
S25 7 WB MALDAHA UTTAR
S25 8 WB MALDAHA DAKSHIN
S25 9 WB JANGIPUR
S25 10 WB BAHARAMPUR
S25 11 WB MURSHIDABAD
S25 12 WB KRISHNANAGAR
S25 13 WB RANAGHAT
S25 14 WB BANGAON
S25 15 WB BARRACKPORE
S25 16 WB DUM DUM
S25 17 WB BARASAT
S25 18 WB BASIRHAT
S25 19 WB JOYNAGAR
S25 20 WB MATHURAPUR
S25 21 WB DIAMOND HARBOUR
S25 22 WB JADAVPUR
S25 23 WB KOLKATA DAKSHIN
S25 24 WB KOLKATA UTTAR
S25 25 WB HOWRAH
S25 26 WB ULUBERIA
S25 27 WB SRERAMPUR
S25 28 WB HOOGHLY
S25 29 WB ARAMBAGH
S25 30 WB TAMLUK
S25 31 WB KANTHI
S25 32 WB GHATAL
S25 33 WB JHARGRAM
S25 34 WB MEDINIPUR
S25 35 WB PURULIA
S25 36 WB BANKURA
S25 37 WB BISHNUPUR
S25 38 WB BARDHAMAN PURBA
S25 39 WB BURDWAN – DURGAPUR
S25 40 WB ASANSOL
S25 41 WB BOLPUR
S25 42 WB BIRBHUM
S26 1 CG SARGUJA
S26 2 CG RAIGARH
S26 3 CG JANJGIR-CHAMPA
S26 4 CG KORBA
S26 5 CG BILASPUR
S26 6 CG RAJNANDGAON
S26 7 CG DURG
S26 8 CG RAIPUR
S26 9 CG MAHASAMUND
S26 10 CG BASTAR
S26 11 CG KANKER
S27 1 JH RAJMAHAL
S27 2 JH DUMKA
S27 3 JH GODDA
S27 4 JH CHATRA
S27 5 JH KODARMA
S27 6 JH GIRIDIH
S27 7 JH DHANBAD
S27 8 JH RANCHI
S27 9 JH JAMSHEDPUR
S27 10 JH SINGHBHUM
S27 11 JH KHUNTI
S27 12 JH LOHARDAGA
S27 13 JH PALAMAU
S27 14 JH HAZARIBAGH
S28 1 UK TEHRI GARHWAL
S28 2 UK GARHWAL
S28 3 UK ALMORA
S28 4 UK NAINITAL-UDHAMSINGH NAGAR
S28 5 UK HARDWAR
U01 1 AN ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
U02 1 CH CHANDIGARH
U03 1 DN DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI
U04 1 DD DAMAN & DIU
U05 1 DL CHANDNI CHOWK
U05 2 DL NORTH EAST DELHI
U05 3 DL EAST DELHI
U05 4 DL NEW DELHI
U05 5 DL NORTH WEST DELHI
U05 6 DL WEST DELHI
U05 7 DL SOUTH DELHI
U06 1 LD LAKSHADWEEP
U07 1 PY PUDUCHERRY

Democracy Database for the Largest Electorate Ever Seen in World History

In four days, on April 16 2009, one thousand seven hundred and seven officially recognized candidates, representing 161 political parties and including 770 Independents, are contesting the polls in 124 constituencies (out of a total of 543 constituencies), across 15 States and two Union Territories  in Phase 1 of the General Election to India’s 15th Lok Sabha.   Between 16 April and 7 May in Phases 2, 3 and 4, that number of candidates contesting  India’s  General Elections rises to at least 4,637, average age 46.1, from 261 political parties, including 291 women and 2118  Independents across more than 150 further constituencies.  By 13 May, Phase 5 will be over and all 543 constituencies shall have been covered.  The size of the registered electorate of potential voters under adult franchise is 383,566,479, the largest in human history.

Did you know that? Of course not. None of our juvenile TV stations and only-slightly-less-juvenile newspapers would have been able to give you such numbers even if they had tried to; they would barely know where to begin. Besides, our Election Commission too has become a  sclerotic bureaucracy like everything else to do with India’s governance; its website — now updated and improving slightly every day — provides a lot of irrelevancies along with providing  the very least modicum of  raw data logically necessary for the conduct of the election.

Ten years ago, just prior to the 13th Lok Sabha Elections, I, as part of my academic research as a “full professor” at an “Institution of National Importance”, created an Excel spreadsheet containing every single Lok Sabha constituency at the time. I later sent it on to the EC for its free use and distribution. (Some of my academic colleagues were surprised and suspicious as one of their principal goals in life was to obtain lucrative government “consulting” contracts wherever possible — doing things for free set a worrisome example despite the slogan of being supposedly “dedicated to the service of the nation”!). Nothing happened because the EC in particular and the Government of India in general did not then and have not now appeared keen to know how to use spreadsheets  like Excel properly, despite our claims of  India  being  an information-technology powerhouse!

I have now had to re-create that 1999 spreadsheet again for the 15th Lok Sabha Elections because there has been a major parliamentary exercise of what is called “redistricting” in some countries and “delimitation” here in India. Many constituencies have been merged or have disappeared while new ones have appeared.  Plus  numerous innovative techniques  and formulae have had to be used by me with vital free help from Excel Forum users as well as providers of free add-ins around the world, to whom grateful acknowledgment is made.

The processed data below is based entirely on the raw data available from the EC as of April 11 2009.  As the EC updates its raw data, so shall I seek to update this processed data.   There are definite errors in the EC data (e.g. one Independent candidate has been listed 3 times, while 19 people have been listed as being99 years old; more significantly there seems to be at least one constituency in which there is only one candidate, etc etc.)   Whatever errors exist in the raw data must be carried over to these data here, I am afraid.  But I will as I have said update this as the EC updates its raw data.  If there are errors in my processing, I do not know of them, so please check and recheck against the EC’s data if you wish to use these data operationally.  [Update 1800 hours Sunday April 12: the EC has reduced the number of candidates from 4637 to 4631 which presumably means some obvious slight errors have been corrected; it is still far short of having announced all candidates for all 543 constituencies, so the overall number is destined to rise and drastically quite soon — I hope before the first polls open on Thursday!].

The first two indicators are the EC’s way of identifying a constituency; then there is the name of the State or Union Territory in a two-digit code followed by the name of the constituency  in capitals, the date that polling is due to take place, and the list of the candidates and their parties.   I have made every effort to see no error has been added by me in addition to any errors that might exist in the EC’s data.  But please check and double check yourself, and I cannot  take responsibility for the accuracy of the information, especially as it is being done in “real time”.

This is being provided as a free public service for India’s ordinary people, citizens, candidates, students, observers etc.   Any broadcast or republication or academic use must acknowledge it appeared first at this site in my work: just link to this post or quote “Democracy Database for the Largest Electorate Ever Seen in World History by Dr Subroto Roy”, and use away.

Why do I think it is important for every candidate in every constituency in India’s 2009 General Elections to have his/her name known and to receive due respect and a small salute in HTML even for a brief moment?

Because that is what democracy in a free republic is supposed to be about. India is not a monarchy or a mansabdari of some sort, no matter what the many corrupt people inhabiting our Government and our capital cities might have made themselves believe.

Our juvenile, sensationalist, irresponsible  Delhi-centred media might realize someday that there are thousands of real people all over  this country that is India contesting these elections  seriously and trying to thus participate in the political process as best they can.  The Delhi-centred media  remain focused on the few dozen fake celebrities that they flatter,  cultivate and pander to. (We must wait to see what depths of journalistic depravity our  TV stations reach in  covering the so-called IPL in South Africa more seriously than they cover India’s 2009 General Elections!  What would MK Gandhi, who, a century ago, was still in South Africa, have said about such a twist of India’s fate?)

Here instead are India’s names and India’s lives and India’s places and India’s peoples and India’s political parties for all of us to see and understand and hence  see and understand ourselves better.

Here’s a cheer to all those party-political symbols for or  against which India’s hundreds of millions of voters will make their decisions:

A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head,

Aeroplane,

Almirah

Arrow

Axe

Balloon

Banana

Basket

Bat

Batsman

Battery Torch

Bead Necklace

Bell

Bicycle

Black Board

Boat

Book

Bow & Arrow

Boy & Girl

Bread

Brick

Bridge

Brief Case

Brush

Bungalow

Bus

Cake

Camera

Candles

Car

Carrot

Cart

Ceiling Fan

Chair

Clock

Coat

Cock

Coconut

Comb

Conch

Cot

Cup & Saucer

Diesel Pump

Dolli

Drum

Ears of Corn And Sickle

Electric Pole

Elephant

Flag with Three Stars

Flowers and Grass

Fork

Frock

Frying Pan

Gas Cylinder

Gas Stove

Glass Tumbler

Haldhar Within Wheel (Chakra Haldhar)

Hammer, Sickle and Star

Hand

Hand Pump

Harmonium

Hat

Hurricane Lamp

Hut

Ice Cream

Ink Pot & Pen

Iron

Jug

Kettle

Kite

Ladder

Lady Purse

Letter Box

Lion

Lock and Key

Lotus

Maize

Nagara

Not Alloted

Pressure Cooker

Railway Engine

Ring

Rising Sun

Road Roller

Saw

Scissors

Sewing Machine

Shuttle

Slate

Spade & Stoker

Spoon

Stool

Table

Table Lamp

Television

Tent

Two Daos Intersecting

Two Leaves

Violin

Walking Stick

Whistle….

Here’s a cheer then to all the thousands of candidates, average age 46.1, including those Independents, and the hundreds of political parties who go to the contest  beginning  April 16:

Aadivasi Sena Party

A-Chik National Congress(Democratic)

Adarsh Lok Dal

Advait Ishwasyam Congress

Ajeya Bharat Party

AJSU Party

Akhand Bharti

Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena

Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)

Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party

Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

Akhil Bhartiya Manavata Paksha

Akhil Bhartiya Sindhu Samajwadi Party

Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

All India Forward Bloc

All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen

All India Minorities Front

All India Trinamool Congress

All Jharkhand Students Union

Alpjan Samaj Party

Ambedkar National Congress

Ambedkar Samaj Party

Ambedkarist Republican Party

Amra Bangalee

Apna Dal

Arunachal Congress

Asom Gana Parishad

Assam United Democratic Front

Autonomous State Demand Committee

Awami Party

B. C. United Front

Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K

Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch

Bahujan Samaj Party

Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)

Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)

Bahujan Shakty

Bahujan Uday Manch

Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

Bharat Punarnirman Dal

Bharat Vikas Morcha

Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

Bharatiya Bahujan Party

Bharatiya Eklavya Party

Bharatiya Grameen Dal

Bharatiya Jagaran Party

Bharatiya Jan Berojgar Chhatra Dal

Bharatiya Jan Shakti

Bharatiya Janata Party

Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

Bharatiya Lok Kalyan Dal

Bharatiya Loktantrik Party(Gandhi-Lohiawadi)

Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh

Bharatiya Momin Front

Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal

Bharatiya Peoples Party

Bharatiya Pichhra Dal

Bharatiya Praja Paksha

Bharatiya Rashtriya Bahujan Samaj Vikas Party

Bharatiya Republican Paksha

Bharatiya Sadbhawna Samaj Party

Bharatiya Samaj Dal

Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party

Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party

Bharatiya Subhash Sena

Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

Biju Janata Dal

Bira Oriya Party

Bodaland Peoples Front

Buddhiviveki Vikas Party

Chandigarh Vikas Party

Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party

Communist Party of India

Communist Party of India (Marxist)

Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

Democratic Party of India

Democratic Secular Party

Dharam Nirpeksh Dal

Duggar Pradesh Party

Eklavya Samaj Party

Gondvana Gantantra Party

Gondwana Mukti Sena

Great India Party

Hill State People’s Democratic Party

Hindustan Janta Party

Indian Christian Secular Party

Indian Justice Party

Indian National Congress

Indian Peace Party

Indian Peoples Forward Block

Indian Union Muslim League

Jaganmay Nari Sangathan

Jago Party

Jai Bharat Samanta Party

Jai Chhattisgarh Party

Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party

Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party

Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party

Jan Samanta Party

Jan Surajya Shakti

Jana Hitkari Party

Janata Dal (Secular)

Janata Dal (United)

Janata Party

Janvadi Party(Socialist)

Jawan Kisan Morcha

Jharkhand Disom Party

Jharkhand Jan Morcha

Jharkhand Janadikhar Manch

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

Jharkhand Party

Jharkhand Party (Naren)

Jharkhand PeopleÂ’S Party

Jharkhand Vikas Dal

Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

Kalinga Sena

Kamtapur Progressive Party

Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha

Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha

Karnataka Thamizhar Munnetra Kazhagam

Kerala Congress

Kerala Congress (M)

Kosal Kranti Dal

Kosi Vikas Party

Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

Krantikari Samyavadi Party

Krantisena Maharashtra

Laghujan Samaj Vikas Party

Lal Morcha

Lok Bharati

Lok Dal

Lok Jan Shakti Party

Lok Jan Vikas Morcha

Lok Satta Party

Lok Vikas Party

Lokpriya Samaj Party

Loksangram

Loktanrik Sarkar Party

Loktantrik Samajwadi Party

Loktantrik Samata Dal

Mahagujarat Janta Party

Maharashtra Navnirman sena

Maharashtrawadi Gomantak

Mahila Adhikar Party

Mana Party

Manav Mukti Morcha

Manipur People’s Party

Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

Marxist Co-Ordination

Maulik Adhikar Party

Meghalaya Democratic Party

Moderate Party

Momin Conference

Muslim League Kerala State Committee

Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh

Nagaland Peoples Front

National Development Party

National Lokhind Party

National Loktantrik Party

National Secular Party

National Youth Party

Nationalist Congress Party

Navbharat Nirman Party

Nelopa(United)

Orissa Mukti Morcha

Party for Democratic Socialism

Paschim Banga Rajya Muslim League

Peace Party

Peoples Democratic Alliance

Peoples Democratic Forum

People’s Democratic Front

Peoples Guardian

People’s Party of Arunachal

Peoples Republican Party

Prabuddha Republican Party

Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

Praja Bharath Party

Praja Rajyam Party

Prajatantrik Samadhan Party

Proutist Sarva Samaj

Proutist Sarva Samaj Party

Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal

Pyramid Party of India

Rajyadhikara Party

Rashtra Sewa Dal

Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

Rashtravadi Communist Party

Rashtravadi Janata Party

Rashtrawadi Sena

Rashtriya Agraniye Dal

Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party

Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

Rashtriya Gondvana Party

Rashtriya Janata Dal

Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha

Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)

Rashtriya Kranti Party

Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party

Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

Rashtriya Lok Dal

Rashtriya Lokhit Party

Rashtriya Lokwadi Party

Rashtriya Machhua Samaj Party

Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party

Rashtriya Pragati Party

Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)

Rashtriya Raksha Dal

Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (United)

Rashtriya Samanta Dal

Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi

Republican Paksha (Khoripa)

Republican Party of India

Republican Party of India (A)

Republican Party of India (Democratic )

Republican Party of India (Khobragade)

Republican Presidium Party of India

Republician Party of India Ektawadi

Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)

Revolutionary Socialist Party

Samajik Jantantrik Party

Samajtantric Party of India

Samajwadi Jan Parishad

Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

Samajwadi Party

Samata Party

Samruddha Odisha

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party

Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha

Sarvodaya Party

Savarn Samaj Party

Save Goa Front

Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)

Shivrajya Party

Shivsena

Shoshit Samaj Dal

Socialist Party (Lohia)

Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

Sunder Samaj Party

Swabhimani Paksha

Swarajya Party Of India

Swatantra Bharat Paksha

Telangana Rashtra Samithi

Telugu Desam

The Humanist Party of India

Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

United Communist Party of India

United Democratic Party

United Goans Democratic Party

United Women Front

Uttar Pradesh Republican Party

Vanchit Jamat Party

Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katch

Vikas Party

Vishva Hindustani Sangathan

Yuva Vikas Party … and many many more….

S01    1    AP    ADILABAD    16-Apr-09    1    ADE TUKARAM    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    KOTNAK RAMESH    M    39    Indian National Congress

3    RATHOD RAMESH    M    43    Telugu Desam

4    RATHOD SADASHIV NAIK    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    MESRAM NAGO RAO    M    59    Praja Rajyam Party

6    ATHRAM LAXMAN RAO    M    47    Independent

7    GANTA PENTANNA    M    36    Independent

8    NETHAVAT RAMDAS    M    39    Independent

9    BANKA SAHADEVU    M    55    Independent

S01    2    AP    PEDDAPALLE    16-Apr-09    1    GAJJELA SWAMY    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    GOMASA SRINIVAS    M    41    Telangana Rashtra Samithi

3    MATHANGI NARSIAH    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    DR.G.VIVEKANAND    M    51    Indian National Congress

5    AREPELLI DAVID RAJU    M    36    Praja Rajyam Party

6    KRISHNA SABBALI    M    39    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

7    AMBALA MAHENDAR    M    38    Independent

8    A. KAMALAMMA    F    36    Independent

9    GORRE RAMESH    M    42    Independent

10    NALLALA KANUKAIAH    M    39    Independent

11    B. MALLAIAH    M    32    Independent

12    K. RAJASWARI    F    38    Independent

13    D. RAMULU    M    51    Independent

14    G.VINAY KUMAR    M    51    Independent

15    S.LAXMAIAH    M    33    Independent

S01    3    AP    KARIMNAGAR    16-Apr-09    1    CHANDUPATLA JANGA REDDY    M    75    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    PONNAM PRABHAKAR    M    41    Indian National Congress

3    VINOD KUMAR BOINAPALLY    M    49    Telangana Rashtra Samithi

4    VIRESHAM NALIMELA    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    RAGULA RAMULU    M    40    Republican Party of India (A)

6    LINGAMPALLI SRINIVAS REDDY    M    39    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

7    VELICHALA RAJENDER RAO    M    46    Praja Rajyam Party

8    T. SRIMANNARAYANA    M    68    Pyramid Party of India

9    K. PRABHAKAR    M    43    Independent

10    KORIVI VENUGOPAL    M    46    Independent

11    BARIGE GATTAIAH YADAV    M    32    Independent

12    GADDAM RAJI REDDY    M    48    Independent

13    PANAKANTI SATISH KUMAR    M    46    Independent

14    PEDDI RAVINDER    M    29    Independent

15    B. SURESH    M    32    Independent

S01    4    AP    NIZAMABAD    16-Apr-09    1    DR. BAPU REDDY    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    BIGALA GANESH GUPTA    M    39    Telangana Rashtra Samithi

3    MADHU YASKHI GOUD    M    50    Indian National Congress

4    YEDLA RAMU    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    DUDDEMPUDI SAMBASIVA RAO CHOUDARY    M    62    Lok Satta Party

6    P.VINAY KUMAR    M    51    Praja Rajyam Party

7    DR. V.SATHYANARAYANA MURTHY    M    51    Pyramid Party of India

8    S. SUJATHA    F    43    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

9    AARIS MOHAMMED    M    46    Independent

10    KANDEM PRABHAKAR    M    44    Independent

11    GADDAM SRINIVAS    M    47    Independent

12    RAPELLY SRINIVAS    M    34    Independent

S01    5    AP    ZAHIRABAD    16-Apr-09    1    CHENGAL BAGANNA    M    66    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    M.VISHNU MUDIRAJ    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SYED YOUSUF ALI    M    54    Telangana Rashtra Samithi

4    SURESH KUMAR SHETKAR    M    46    Indian National Congress

5    BENJAMIN RAJU    M    39    Indian Justice Party

6    MALKAPURAM SHIVA KUMAR    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party

7    MALLESH RAVINDER REDDY    M    39    Lok Satta Party

8    CHITTA RAJESHWAR RAO    M    45    Independent

9    POWAR SINGH HATTI SINGH    M    36    Independent

10    BASAVA RAJ PATIL    M    39    Independent

S01    6    AP    MEDAK    16-Apr-09    1    NARENDRANATH .C    M    45    Indian National Congress

2    P. NIROOP REDDY    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    VIJAYA SHANTHI .M    F    43    Telangana Rashtra Samithi

4    Y. SHANKAR GOUD    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    KOVURI PRABHAKAR    M    51    Pyramid Party of India

6    KHAJA QUAYUM ANWAR    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party

7    D. YADESHWAR    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)

8    K. SUDHEER REDDY    M    37    Lok Satta Party

9    KUNDETI RAVI    M    32    Independent

S01    7    AP    MALKAJGIRI    16-Apr-09    1    NALLU INDRASENA REDDY    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    M.BABU RAO PADMA SALE    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    BHEEMSEN.T    M    60    Telugu Desam

4    SARVEY SATYANARAYANA    M    54    Indian National Congress

5    S.D.KRISHNA MURTHY    M    51    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

6    T.DEVENDER GOUD    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party

7    NARENDER KUMBALA    M    39    Bharat Punarnirman Dal

8    PRATHANI RAMAKRISHNA    M    42    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

9    LION C FRANCIS MJF    M    56    Samajwadi Party

10    N V RAMA REDDY    M    54    Pyramid Party of India

11    DR.LAVU RATHAIAH    M    56    Lok Satta Party

12    KANTE KANAKAIAH GANGAPUTHRA    M    63    Independent

13    KOYAL KAR BHOJARAJ    M    35    Independent

14    CHENURU VENKATA SUBBA RAO    M    52    Independent

15    JAJULA BHASKAR    M    34    Independent

16    LT.COL. (RETD). DUSERLA PAPARAIDU    M    62    Independent

17    MD.MANSOORALI    M    31    Independent

18    S.VICTOR    M    40    Independent

19    K.SRINIVASA RAJU    M    44    Independent

S01    8    AP    SECUNDRABAD    16-Apr-09    1    ANJAN KUMAR YADAV M    M    47    Indian National Congress

2    BANDARU DATTATREYA    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    M. D. MAHMOOD ALI    M    55    Telangana Rashtra Samithi

4    M. VENKATESH    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    SRINIVASA SUDHISH RAMBHOTLA    M    40    Telugu Desam

6    ABDUS SATTAR MUJAHED    M    41    Muslim League Kerala State Committee

7    IMDAD JAH    M    64    Ambedkar National Congress

8    P. DAMODER REDDY    M    48    Pyramid Party of India

9    DR. DASOJU SRAVAN KUMAR    M    41    Praja Rajyam Party

10    S. DEVAIAH    M    59    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

11    C.V.L. NARASIMHA RAO    M    51    Lok Satta Party

12    DR .POLISHETTY RAM MOHAN    M    57    Samata Party

13    MOHD. OSMAN QURESHEE    M    35    Ajeya Bharat Party

14    SHIRAZ KHAN    F    39    United Women Front

15    ASEERVADAM LELLAPALLI    M    51    Independent

16    AMBATI KRISHNA MURTHY    M    50    Independent

17    B. GOPALA KRISHNA    M    42    Independent

18    DEVI DAS RAO GHODKE    M    63    Independent

19    BABER ALI KHAN    M    51    Independent

20    M. BHAGYA MATHA    F    38    Independent

21    CH. MURAHARI    M    49    Independent

22    G. RAJAIAH    M    48    Independent

23    K. SRINIVASA CHARI    M    49    Independent

S01    9    AP    HYDERABAD    16-Apr-09    1    ZAHID ALI KHAN    M    66    Telugu Desam

2    P. LAXMAN RAO GOUD    M    55    Indian National Congress

3    SATISH AGARWAL    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    SAMY MOHAMMED    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    ASADUDDIN OWAISI    M    41    All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen

6    S. GOPAL SINGH    M    34    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

7    TAHER KAMAL KHUNDMIRI    M    52    Janata Dal (Secular)

8    FATIMA .A    F    41    Praja Rajyam Party

9    P. VENKATESWARA RAO    M    58    Pyramid Party of India

10    D. SURENDER    M    36    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

11    AL-KASARY MOULLIM MOHSIN HUSSAIN    M    33    Independent

12    ALTAF AHMED KHAN    M    43    Independent

13    M.A. QUDDUS GHORI    M    43    Independent

14    ZAHID ALI KHAN    M    26    Independent

15    M.A. BASITH    M    55    Independent

16    MD. OSMAN    M    43    Independent

17    B. RAVI YADAV    M    33    Independent

18    N.L. SRINIVAS    M    31    Independent

19    M.A. SATTAR    M    29    Independent

20    D. SADANAND    M    45    Independent

21    SYED ABDUL GAFFTER    M    51    Independent

22    SARDAR SINGH    M    62    Independent

23    M.A. HABEEB    M    31    Independent

S01    10    AP    CHELVELLA    16-Apr-09    1    JAIPAL REDDY SUDINI    M    67    Indian National Congress

2    A.P.JITHENDER REDDY    M    54    Telugu Desam

3    BADDAM BAL REDDY    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    C.SRINIVAS RAO    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    KASANI GNANESHWAR    M    54    Mana Party

6    KUMMARI GIRI    M    28    Pyramid Party of India

7    DASARA SARALA DEVI    F    39    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

8    DR.B.RAGHUVEER REDDY    M    42    Lok Satta Party

9    SAMA SRINIVASULU    M    34    Great India Party

10    S.MALLA REDDY    M    43    Independent

11    G.MALLESHAM GOUD    M    32    Independent

12    RAMESHWARAM JANGAIAH    M    58    Independent

13    LAXMINARAYANA    M    27    Independent

14    VENKATRAM NAIK    M    27    Independent

15    SAYAMOOLA NARSIMULU    M    30    Independent

S01    11    AP    MAHBUBNAGAR    16-Apr-09    1    KUCHAKULLA YADAGIRI REDDY    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    K. CHANDRASEKHAR RAO    M    55    Telangana Rashtra Samithi

3    DEVARAKONDA VITTAL RAO    M    57    Indian National Congress

4    PALEM SUDARSHAN GOUD    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    ABDUL KAREEM KHAJA MOHAMMAD    M    50    Lok Satta Party

6    ASIRVADAM    M    35    Great India Party

7    KOLLA VENKATESH MADIGA    M    37    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

8    GUNDALA VIJAYALAKSHMI    F    61    Pyramid Party of India

9    B. BALRAJ GOUD    M    44    Mana Party

10    MUNISWAMY.C.R    M    32    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

11    USHAN SATHYAMMA    F    32    Independent

12    USAIN RANGAMMA    F    50    Independent

13    YETTI CHINNA YENKAIAH    M    47    Independent

14    YETTI LINGAIAH    M    52    Independent

15    KANDUR KURMAIAH    M    56    Independent

16    KARRE JANGAIAH    M    29    Independent

17    GANGAPURI RAVINDAR GOUD    M    28    Independent

18    GAJJA NARSIMULU    M    35    Independent

19    CHENNAMSETTY DASHARATHA RAMULU HOLEA DASARI    M    31    Independent

20    M.A. JABBAR    M    39    Independent

21    DEPALLY MAISAIAH    M    27    Independent

22    DEPALLY SAYANNA    M    47    Independent

23    K. NARSIMULU    M    52    Independent

24    NAGENDER REDDY. K    M    49    Independent

25    PANDU    M    29    Independent

26    BUDIGA JANGAM LAXMAMMA    F    30    Independent

27    MOHAMMAD GHOUSE MOINUDDIN    M    76    Independent

28    MALA JANGILAMMA    F    50    Independent

29    RAJESH NAIK    M    29    Independent

30    RAIKANTI RAMADAS MADIGA    M    40    Independent

31    V. VENKATESHWARLU    M    32    Independent

32    B. SEENAIAH GOUD    M    62    Independent

S01    12    AP    NAGARKURNOOL    16-Apr-09    1    GUVVALA BALARAJU    M    31    Telangana Rashtra Samithi

2    TANGIRALA PARAMJOTHI    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    DR. MANDA JAGANNATH    M    57    Indian National Congress

4    DR. T. RATNAKARA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    DEVANI SATYANARAYANA    M    39    Praja Rajyam Party

6    S.P.FERRY ROY    M    27    Pyramid Party of India

7    G. VIDYASAGAR    M    60    Lok Satta Party

8    ANAPOSALA VENKATESH    M    27    Independent

9    N. KURUMAIAH    M    27    Independent

10    BUDDULA SRINIVAS    M    35    Independent

11    A.V. SHIVA KUMAR    M    42    Independent

12    SIRIGIRI MANNEM    M    36    Independent

13    HANUMANTHU    M    28    Independent

S01    13    AP    NALGONDA    16-Apr-09    1    GUTHA SUKENDER REDDY    M    55    Indian National Congress

2    NAZEERUDDIN    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    VEDIRE SRIRAM REDDY    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    SURAVARAM SUDHAKAR REDDY    M    67    Communist Party of India

5    A. NAGESHWAR RAO    M    59    Pyramid Party of India

6    PADURI KARUNA    F    58    Praja Rajyam Party

7    DAIDA LINGAIAH    M    51    Independent

8    MD. NAZEEMUDDIN    M    40    Independent

9    BOLUSANI KRISHNAIAH    M    45    Independent

10    BOLLA KARUNAKAR    M    33    Independent

11    MARRY NEHEMIAH    M    55    Independent

12    YALAGANDULA RAMU    M    41    Independent

13    K.V.SRINIVASA CHARYULU    M    30    Independent

14    SHAIK AHMED    M    57    Independent

S01    14    AP    BHONGIR    16-Apr-09    1    KOMATIREDDY RAJ GOPAL REDDY    M    41    Indian National Congress

2    CHINTHA SAMBA MURTHY    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    NOMULA NARSIMHAIAH    M    49    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4    SIDDHARTHA PHOOLEY    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    CHANDRA MOULI GANDAM    M    48    Praja Rajyam Party

6    PALLA PRABHAKAR REDDY    M    64    Pyramid Party of India

7    RACHA SUBHADRA REDDY    F    59    Lok Satta Party

8    GUMMI BAKKA REDDY    M    75    Independent

9    POOSA BALA KISHAN BESTA    M    35    Independent

10    PERUKA ANJAIAH    M    46    Independent

11    MAMIDIGALLA JOHN BABU    M    40    Independent

12    MEDI NARSIMHA    M    31    Independent

13    RUPANI RAMESH VADDERA    M    31    Independent

14    SANGU MALLAYYA    M    66    Independent

15    SIRUPANGI RAMULU    M    55    Independent

S01    15    AP    WARANGAL    16-Apr-09    1    JAYAPAL. V    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    DOMMATI SAMBAIAH    M    45    Telugu Desam

3    RAJAIAH SIRICILLA    M    55    Indian National Congress

4    RAMAGALLA PARAMESHWAR    M    55    Telangana Rashtra Samithi

5    LALAIAH P    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party

6    ONTELA MONDAIAH    M    58    Pyramid Party of India

7    DR. CHANDRAGIRI RAJAMOULY    M    49    Praja Rajyam Party

8    BALLEPU VENKAT NARSINGA RAO    M    37    Lok Satta Party

9    KANNAM VENKANNA    M    32    Independent

10    KRISHNADHI SRILATHA    F    33    Independent

11    SOMAIAH GANAPURAM    M    39    Independent

12    DAMERA MOGILI    M    34    Independent

13    DUBASI NARSING    M    46    Independent

14    PAKALA DEVADANAM    M    74    Independent

15    D. SREEDHAR RAO    M    37    Independent

S01    16    AP    MAHABUBABAD    16-Apr-09    1    KUNJA SRINIVASA RAO    M    31    Communist Party of India

2    GUMMADI PULLAIAH    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    B. DILIP    M    35    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    P. BALRAM    M    45    Indian National Congress

5    D.T. NAIK    M    61    Praja Rajyam Party

6    PODEM SAMMAIAH    M    31    Pyramid Party of India

7    BANOTH MOLCHAND    M    60    Lok Satta Party

8    KALTHI VEERASWAMY    M    52    Independent

9    KECHELA RANGA REDDY    M    44    Independent

10    DATLA NAGESWAR RAO    M    42    Independent

11    PADIGA YERRAIAH    M    64    Independent

12    P. SATYANARAYANA    M    32    Independent

S01    17    AP    KHAMMAM    16-Apr-09    1    KAPILAVAI RAVINDER    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    THONDAPU VENKATESWARA RAO    M    30    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    NAMA NAGESWARA RAO    M    50    Telugu Desam

4    RENUKA CHOWDHURY    F    54    Indian National Congress

5    JALAGAM HEMAMALINI    F    40    Praja Rajyam Party

6    JUPELLI SATYANARAYANA    M    61    Lok Satta Party

7    MANUKONDA RAGHURAM PRASAD    M    55    Pyramid Party of India

8    SHAIK MADAR SAHEB    M    40    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

9    AVULA VENKATESWARLU    M    45    Independent

10    CHANDA LINGAIAH    M    58    Independent

11    DANDA LINGAIAH    M    59    Independent

12    BANOTH LAXMA NAIK    M    52    Independent

13    MALLAVARAPU JEREMIAH    M    63    Independent

S01    18    AP    ARUKU    16-Apr-09    1    KISHORE CHANDRA SURYANARAYANA DEO VYRICHERLA    M    62    Indian National Congress

2    KURUSA BOJJAIAH    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    GADUGU BALLAYYA DORA    M    38    Rashtriya Janata Dal

4    MIDIYAM BABU RAO    M    58    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5    LAKE RAJA RAO    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

6    MEENAKA SIMHACHALAM    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party

7    VADIGALA PENTAYYA    M    56    Lok Satta Party

8    APPA RAO KINJEDI    M    48    Independent

9    ARIKA GUMPA SWAMY    M    60    Independent

10    ILLA RAMI REDDY    M    54    Independent

11    JAYALAKSHMI SHAMBUDU    F    39    Independent

S01    19    AP    SRIKAKULAM    16-Apr-09    1    YERRNNAIDU KINJARAPU    M    50    Telugu Desam

2    KILLI KRUPA RANI    F    47    Indian National Congress

3    TANKALA SUDHAKARA RAO    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    DUPPALA RAVINDARA BABU    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    KALYANI VARUDU    F    29    Praja Rajyam Party

6    NANDA PRASADA RAO    M    37    Pyramid Party of India

S01    20    AP    VIZIANAGARAM    16-Apr-09    1    APPALA NAIDU KONDAPALLI    M    41    Telugu Desam

2    GOTTAPU CHINAMNAIDU    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    JHANSI LAXMI BOTCHA    F    45    Indian National Congress

4    SANYASI RAJU PAKALAPATI    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    KIMIDI GANAPATHI RAO    M    52    Praja Rajyam Party

6    LUNKARAN JAIN    M    60    Pyramid Party of India

7    DATTLA SATYA APPALA SIVANANDA RAJU    M    34    Lok Satta Party

8    VENKATA SATYA NARAYANA RAGHUMANDA    M    28    Bharatiya Sadbhawna Samaj Party

9    MAHESWARA RAO VARRI    M    35    Independent

S01    21    AP    VISAKHAPATNAM    16-Apr-09    1    I.M.AHMED    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    DAGGUBATI PURANDESWARI    F    49    Indian National Congress

3    DR.M.V.V.S.MURTHI    M    70    Telugu Desam

4    D.V.SUBBARAO    M    76    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    PALLA SRINIVASA RAO    M    40    Praja Rajyam Party

6    BETHALA KEGIYA RANI    F    26    Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)

7    D.BHARATHI    F    53    Pyramid Party of India

8    D.V.RAMANA (VASU MASTER)    M    37    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

9    RAMESH LANKA    M    49    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

10    M.T.VENKATESWARALU    M    42    Lok Satta Party

11    APPARAO GOLAGANA    M    46    Independent

12    BANDAM VENKATA RAO YADAV    M    32    Independent

13    YADDANAPUDI RANGARAO    M    78    Independent

14    YALAMANCHILI PRASAD    M    54    Independent

15    RANGARAJU KALIDINDI    M    46    Independent

S01    22    AP    ANAKAPALLI    16-Apr-09    1    APPA RAO KIRLA    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    NOOKARAPU SURYA PRAKASA RAO    M    50    Telugu Desam

3    BHEEMISETTI NAGESWARARAO    M    41    Rashtriya Janata Dal

4    VENKATA RAMANA BABU PILLA    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    SABBAM HARI    M    55    Indian National Congress

6    ALLU ARAVIND    M    62    Praja Rajyam Party

7    PULAMARASETTI VENKATA RAMANA    M    28    Pyramid Party of India

8    BOYINA NAGESWARA RAO    M    52    Janata Dal (United)

9    NANDA GOPAL GANDHAM    M    60    Independent

10    PATHALA SATYA RAO    M    46    Independent

S02    1    AR    ARUNACHAL WEST    16-Apr-09    1    KIREN RIJIJU    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    TAKAM SANJOY    M    42    Indian National Congress

3    TABA TAKU    M    25    Lok Bharati

4    SUBU KECHI    M    36    Independent

S02    2    AR    ARUNACHAL EAST    16-Apr-09    1    LOWANGCHA WANGLAT    M    66    Arunachal Congress

2    NINONG ERING    M    50    Indian National Congress

3    TAPIR GAO    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    DR. SAMSON BORANG    M    33    People’s Party of Arunachal

S03    1    AS    KARIMGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    RAJESH MALLAH    M    43    Assam United Democratic Front

2    LALIT MOHAN SUKLABAIDYA    M    68    Indian National Congress

3    SUDHANGSHU DAS    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    UTTAM NOMOSUDRA    M    34    Independent

5    JOY DAS    M    37    Independent

6    DEBASISH DAS    M    36    Independent

7    PROBHASH CH. SARKAR    M    36    Independent

8    BIJON ROY    M    35    Independent

9    BIJOY MALAKAR    M    42    Independent

10    MALATI ROY    F    42    Independent

11    MILON SINGHA    M    42    Independent

12    RANJAN NAMASUDRA    M    41    Independent

13    RAJESH CHANDRA ROY    M    29    Independent

14    SITAL PRASAD DUSAD    M    55    Independent

15    HIMANGSHU KUMAR DAS    M    28    Independent

S03    2    AS    SILCHAR    16-Apr-09    1    KABINDRA PURKAYASTHA    M    74    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    DIPAK BHATTACHARJEE    M    69    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3    BADRUDDIN AJMAL    M    54    Assam United Democratic Front

4    SONTOSH MOHAN DEV    M    75    Indian National Congress

5    KANTIMOY DEB    M    60    Independent

6    CHANDAN RABIDAS    M    34    Independent

7    JAYANTA MALLICK    M    36    Independent

8    JOY SUNDAR DAS    M    38    Independent

9    NAGENDRA CHANDRA DAS    M    28    Independent

10    NAZRUL HAQUE MAZARBHUIYAN    M    36    Independent

11    NABADWIP DAS    M    58    Independent

12    PIJUSH KANTI DAS    M    38    Independent

13    MANISH BHATTACHARJEE    M    62    Independent

14    YOGENDRA KUMAR SINGH    M    40    Independent

15    SUBIR DEB    M    41    Independent

16    SUMIT ROY    M    33    Independent

S03    3    AS    AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT    16-Apr-09    1    KULENDRA DAULAGUPU    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    BIREN SINGH ENGTI    M    64    Indian National Congress

3    HIDDHINATH RONGPI    M    45    Nationalist Congress Party

4    ELWIN TERON    M    48    Autonomous State Demand Committee

5    DR. JAYANTA RONGPI    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6    KABON TIMUNGPI    F    56    Independent

S04    17    BR    GOPALGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    ANIL KUMAR    M    41    Rashtriya Janata Dal

2    JANAK RAM    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    PURNMASI RAM    M    52    Janata Dal (United)

4    RAMAI RAM    M    66    Indian National Congress

5    MADHU BHARTI    F    39    Loktantrik Samata Dal

6    RAM KUMAR MANJHI    M    30    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

7    RAMASHANKAR RAM    M    43    Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha

8    SATYADEO RAM    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

9    ASHA DEVI    F    46    Independent

10    DINANATH MANJHI    M    31    Independent

11    DHARMENDRA KUMAR HAZRA    M    41    Independent

12    BANITHA BAITHA    F    25    Independent

13    RAJESH KUMAR RAM    M    28    Independent

14    RAM SURAT RAM    M    42    Independent

15    SHAMBHU DOM    M    41    Independent

16    SURENDRA PASWAN    M    28    Independent

S04    18    BR    SIWAN    16-Apr-09    1    PARASH NATH PATHAK    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    BRISHIN PATEL    M    60    Janata Dal (United)

3    VIJAY SHANKER DUBEY    M    60    Indian National Congress

4    HENA SHAHAB    F    36    Rashtriya Janata Dal

5    AMAR NATH YADAV    M    44    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6    ASWANI KR. VERMA    M    28    Indian Justice Party

7    MADHURI PANDAY    F    35    Samajik Jantantrik Party

8    LAL BABU TIWARI    M    55    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

9    UMESH TIWARY    M    30    Independent

10    OM PRAKASH YADAV    M    43    Independent

11    NIDHI KIRTI    F    26    Independent

12    PRABHU NATH MALI    M    26    Independent

13    DR. MUNESHWAR PRASAD    M    68    Independent

14    RAJENDRA KUMAR    M    36    Independent

15    SHAMBHU NATH PRASAD    M    60    Independent

S04    19    BR    MAHARAJGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    UMA SHANAKER SINGH    M    61    Rashtriya Janata Dal

2    TARKESHWAR SINGH    M    51    Indian National Congress

3    PRABHU NATH SINGH    M    56    Janata Dal (United)

4    RAVINDRA NATH MISHRA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    RAMESH SINGH KUSHWAHA    M    59    Loktantrik Samata Dal

6    SATYENDRA KR. SAHANI    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7    GAUTAM PRASAD    M    30    Independent

8    DHURENDRA RAM    M    47    Independent

9    NAYAN PRASAD    M    53    Independent

10    PRADEEP MANJHI    M    32    Independent

11    BANKE BIHARI SINGH    M    25    Independent

12    RAJESH KUMAR SINGH    M    26    Independent

13    BREENDA PATHAK    M    63    Independent

S04    20    BR    SARAN    16-Apr-09    1    RAJIV PRATAP RUDY    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    LALU PRASAD    M    60    Rashtriya Janata Dal

3    SALIM PERWEZ    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SANTOSH PATEL    M    39    Loktantrik Samata Dal

5    SOHEL AKHATAR    M    33    Bharatiya Momin Front

6    KUMAR BALRAM SINGH    M    56    Independent

7    DHUPENDRA SINGH    M    33    Independent

8    RAJKUMAR RAI    M    33    Independent

9    RAJAN HRISHIKESH CHANDRA    M    25    Independent

10    RAJARAM SAHANI    M    49    Independent

11    LAL BABU RAY    M    46    Independent

12    SHEO DAS SINGH    M    74    Independent

S04    32    BR    ARRAH    16-Apr-09    1    MEENA SINGH    F    44    Janata Dal (United)

2    RAMA KISHORE SINGH    M    46    Lok Jan Shakti Party

3    REETA SINGH    F    40    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    HARIDWAR PRASAD SINGH    M    64    Indian National Congress

5    AJIT PRASAD MEHTA    M    43    Jawan Kisan Morcha

6    ARUN SINGH    M    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7    BHARAT BHUSAN PANDEY    M    35    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

8    RAMADHAR SINGH    M    48    Shivsena

9    SAMBHU PRASAD SHARMA    M    57    All India Forward Bloc

10    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

11    SATYA NARAYAN YADAV    M    67    Rashtra Sewa Dal

12    SAIYAD GANIUDDIN HAIDER    M    42    Ambedkar National Congress

13    ASHOK KUMAR SINGH    M    38    Independent

14    BHARAT SINGH SAHYOGI    M    45    Independent

15    MAHESH RAM    M    45    Independent

16    SOBH NATH SINGH    M    39    Independent

S04    33    BR    BUXAR    16-Apr-09    1    KAMLA KANT TIWARY    M    67    Indian National Congress

2    JAGADA NAND SINGH    M    65    Rashtriya Janata Dal

3    LAL MUNI CHOUBEY    M    71    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    SHYAM LAL SINGH KUSHWAHA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    MOKARRAM HUSSAIN    M    57    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

6    MOHAN SAH    M    33    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

7    RAJENDRA SINGH MAURYA    M    32    Loktantrik Samata Dal

8    DR. VIJENDRA NATH UPADHYAY    M    37    Shivsena

9    SHYAM BIHARI BIND    M    46    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

10    SATYENDRA OJHA    M    27    Apna Dal

11    SUDAMA PRASAD    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

12    SURESH WADEKAR    M    38    Republican Party of India

13    KAMLESH CHOUDHARY    M    35    Independent

14    JAI SINGH YADAV    M    34    Independent

15    DADAN SINGH    M    45    Independent

16    PRATIBHA DEVI    F    40    Independent

17    PHULAN PANDIT    M    44    Independent

18    RAJENDRA PASWAN    M    33    Independent

19    LALLAN RUPNARAIN PATHAK    M    65    Independent

20    SHIV CHARAN YADAV    M    55    Independent

21    SUNIL KUMAR DUBEY    M    32    Independent

22    SURENDRA KUMAR BHARTI    M    38    Independent

S04    34    BR    SASARAM    16-Apr-09    1    GANDHI AZAD    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    MEIRA KUMAR    F    63    Indian National Congress

3    MUNI LAL    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    LALAN PASWAN    M    45    Rashtriya Janata Dal

5    DUKHI RAM    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6    BABBAN CHAUDHARY    M    39    Loktantrik Samata Dal

7    BALIRAM RAM    M    43    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

8    BHOLA PRASAD    M    38    Indian Justice Party

9    RADHA DEBI    F    28    Apna Dal

10    RAM NAGINA RAM    M    41    Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party

11    RAM YADI RAM    M    72    Republican Party of India

12    PRAMOD KUMAR    M    26    Independent

13    BHARAT RAM    M    33    Independent

14    MUNIYA DEBI    F    41    Independent

15    RAM PRAVESH RAM    M    47    Independent

16    SURENDRA RAM    M    39    Independent

S04    35    BR    KARAKAT    16-Apr-09    1    AWADHESH KUMAR SINGH    M    53    Indian National Congress

2    UPENDRA KUMAR SHARMA    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    KANTI SINGH    F    54    Rashtriya Janata Dal

4    MAHABALI SINGH    M    54    Janata Dal (United)

5    AJAY KUMAR    M    32    Republican Party of India (A)

6    JYOTI RASHMI    F    30    Rashtra Sewa Dal

7    MUDREEKA YADAV    M    59    Apna Dal

8    RAJ KISHOR MISRA    M    30    Alpjan Samaj Party

9    RAJA RAM SINGH    M    53    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

10    MD.SHAMIULLAH MANSOORI    M    62    Shoshit Samaj Dal

11    ER.ABDUL SATAR    M    62    Independent

12    AMAVAS RAM    M    50    Independent

13    PRO. KAMTA PRASAD YADAV    M    46    Independent

14    GIRISH NARAYAN SINGH    M    48    Independent

15    SATISH PANDEY    M    27    Independent

16    HARI PRASAD SINGH    M    63    Independent

S04    36    BR    JAHANABAD    16-Apr-09    1    DR. ARUN KUMAR    M    49    Indian National Congress

2    JAGDISH SHARMA    M    58    Janata Dal (United)

3    RAMADHAR SHARMA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SURENDRA PRASAD YADAV    M    51    Rashtriya Janata Dal

5    AYASHA KHATUN    F    28    Loktantrik Samata Dal

6    PROF. JAI RAM PRASAD SINGH    M    70    Shoshit Samaj Dal

7    TARA GUPTA    F    62    Rashtriya Pragati Party

8    MAHANAND PRASAD    M    41    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

9    RAMASRAY PRASAD SINGH    M    83    Rashtriya Lok Dal

10    MD. SAHABUDDIN JAHAN    M    36    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party

11    SHRAVAN KUMAR    M    32    Lal Morcha

12    SADHU SINHA    M    68    All India Forward Bloc

13    SYED AKBAR IMAM    M    49    Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena

14    AJAY KUMAR VERMA    M    41    Independent

15    ABHAY KUMAR ANIL    M    41    Independent

16    DR. ARBIND KUMAR    M    52    Independent

17    ARVIND PRASAD SINGH    M    43    Independent

18    UPENDRA PRASAD    M    31    Independent

19    JAGDISH YADAV    M    40    Independent

20    PRIKSHIT SINGH    M    36    Independent

21    PRABHAT KUMAR RANJAN    M    32    Independent

22    RANJIT SHARMA    M    28    Independent

23    RAKESHWAR KISHOR    M    35    Independent

24    SIYA RAM PRASAD    M    40    Independent

25    SUMIRAK SINGH    M    50    Independent

S04    37    BR    AURANGABAD    16-Apr-09    1    ARCHANA CHANDRA    F    32    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    NIKHIL KUMAR    M    67    Indian National Congress

3    SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN    M    61    Rashtriya Janata Dal

4    SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH    M    43    Janata Dal (United)

5    ANIL KUMAR SINGH    M    36    Rashtra Sewa Dal

6    AMERIKA MAHTO    M    48    Shoshit Samaj Dal

7    RAM KUMAR MEHTA    M    37    Loktantrik Samata Dal

8    VIJAY PASWAN    M    48    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party

9    ASLAM ANSARI    M    38    Independent

10    INDRA DEO RAM    M    58    Independent

11    UDAY PASWAN    M    41    Independent

12    PUNA DAS    M    34    Independent

13    RANJEET KUMAR    M    48    Independent

14    RAJENDRA YADAV    M    42    Independent

15    RAMSWARUP PRASAD YADAV    M    72    Independent

16    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    40    Independent

S04    38    BR    GAYA    16-Apr-09    1    KALAWATI DEVI    F    27    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    RAMJI MANJHI    M    49    Rashtriya Janata Dal

3    SANJIV PRASAD TONI    M    52    Indian National Congress

4    HARI MANJHI    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    DILIP PASWAN    M    41    Navbharat Nirman Party

6    NIRANJAN KUMAR    M    35    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7    RAJESH KUMAR    M    27    Loktantrik Samata Dal

8    RAMDEV ARYA PAAN    M    67    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

9    AMAR NATH PRASAD    M    35    Independent

10    KRISHNA CHOUDHARY    M    26    Independent

11    KAIL DAS    M    66    Independent

12    DIPAK PASWAN    M    27    Independent

13    RAM KISHORE PASWAN    M    36    Independent

14    RAMU PASWAN    M    29    Independent

15    SHIV SHANKAR KUMAR    M    33    Independent

16    SHYAM LAL MANJHI    M    50    Independent

S04    39    BR    NAWADA    16-Apr-09    1    GANESH SHANKAR VIDYARTHI    M    85    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    BHOLA SINGH    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    MASIH UDDIN    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    VEENA DEVI    F    36    Lok Jan Shakti Party

5    SUNILA DEVI    F    38    Indian National Congress

6    UMAKANT RAHI    M    37    Shoshit Samaj Dal

7    KAILASH PAL    M    48    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party

8    VIDHYAPATI SINGH    M    46    Loktantrik Samata Dal

9    SURENDRA KUMAR CHAUDHARY    M    45    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

10    AKHILESH SINGH    M    38    Independent

11    ANIL MEHTA    M    36    Independent

12    KAUSHAL YADAV    M    39    Independent

13    CHANCHALA DEVI    F    33    Independent

14    DURGA PRASAD DHAR    M    29    Independent

15    NAVIN KUMAR VERMA    M    38    Independent

16    RAJ KISHOR RAJ    M    43    Independent

17    RAJ BALLABH PRASAD    M    46    Independent

18    RAJENDRA VISHAL    M    44    Independent

19    RAJENDRA SINGH    M    60    Independent

20    SHAMBHU PRASAD    M    41    Independent

21    SUNIL KUMAR    M    28    Independent

S04    40    BR    JAMUI    16-Apr-09    1    ASHOK CHOUDHARY    M    42    Indian National Congress

2    GAJADHAR RAJAK    M    63    Communist Party of India

3    BHAGWAN DAS    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    BHUDEO CHOUDHARY    M    46    Janata Dal (United)

5    SHYAM RAJAK    M    56    Rashtriya Janata Dal

6    ARJUN MANJHI    M    45    Jago Party

7    UPENDRA RAVIDAS    M    30    Samata Party

8    OM PRAKASH PASWAN    M    62    Loktantrik Samata Dal

9    GULAB CHANDRA PASWAN    M    58    Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party

10    NUNDEO MANJHI    M    54    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

11    PRASADI PASWAN    M    37    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

12    SUBHASH PASWAN    M    36    Samajtantric Party of India

13    KAPILDEO DAS    M    55    Independent

14    JAY SEKHAR MANJHI    M    48    Independent

15    PAPPU RAJAK    M    40    Independent

16    YOGENDRA PASWAN    M    37    Independent

17    VIJAY PASWAN    M    29    Independent

18    BILAKSHAN RAVIDAS    M    51    Independent

19    SARYUG PASWAN    M    65    Independent

S09    6    JK    JAMMU    16-Apr-09    1    S.TARLOK SINGH    M    59    Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party

2    HUSSAIN ALI    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    LILA KARAN SHARMA    M    68    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    MADAN LAL SHARMA    M    56    Indian National Congress

5    UDAY CHAND    M    55    Duggar Pradesh Party

6    SURJIT SINGH ‘G’ SITARA    M    58    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

7    SANT RAM    M    73    Bharatiya Bahujan Party

8    SANJEEV KUMAR MANMOTRA    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party

9    QARI ZAHIR ABBAS BHATTI    M    39    All India Forward Bloc

10    ABDUL MAJEED MALIK    M    37    Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K

11    ASHOK KUMAR    M    45    Independent

12    BALWAN SINGH    M    35    Independent

13    PARAS RAM POONCHI    M    56    Independent

14    RAMESH CHANDER SHARMA    M    36    Independent

15    SATISH POONCHI    M    60    Independent

16    SANJAY KUMAR    M    39    Independent

17    SHAKEELA BANO    F    32    Independent

18    LABHA RAM GANDHI    M    46    Independent

19    CH. MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN CHOUHAN    M    38    Independent

20    NARESH DOGRA    M    40    Independent

21    HILAL AHMED BAIG    M    29    Independent

S11    1    KL    KASARAGOD    16-Apr-09    1    P KARUNAKARAN    M    64    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    K.H.MADHAVI    F    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SHAHIDA KAMAL    F    40    Indian National Congress

4    K. SURENDRAN    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    ABBAS MUTHALAPPARA    M    47    Independent

6    MOHAN NAYAK    M    73    Independent

7    P.K. RAMAN    M    48    Independent

S11    2    KL    KANNUR    16-Apr-09    1    P.P KARUNAKARAN MASTER    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    K.K BALAKRISHNAN NAMBIAR    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    K.K RAGESH    M    38    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4    K. SUDHAKARAN    M    60    Indian National Congress

5    P.I. CHANDRASEKHARAN    M    53    The Humanist Party of India

6    JOHNSON ALIAS SUNNY AMBATT    M    48    Independent

7    K. RAGESH S/O. JANARDHANAN    M    33    Independent

8    PATTATHIL RAGHAVAN    M    82    Independent

9    K. SUDHAKARAN KAVINTE ARIKATH    M    39    Independent

S11    3    KL    VADAKARA    16-Apr-09    1    ADV.K. NOORUDHEEN MUSALIAR    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    MULLAPPALLY RAMACHANDRAN    M    64    Indian National Congress

3    K.P SREESAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    ADV. P. SATHEEDEVI    F    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5    T.P CHANDRASEKHARAN    M    47    Independent

6    NAROTH RAMACHANDRAN    M    58    Independent

7    P.SATHIDEVI PALLIKKAL    F    36    Independent

8    SATHEEDEVI    F    42    Independent

S11    4    KL    WAYANAD    16-Apr-09    1    K. MURALEEDHARAN    M    51    Nationalist Congress Party

2    RAJEEV JOSEPH    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    C. VASUDEVAN MASTER    M    65    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    M.I. SHANAVAS    M    57    Indian National Congress

5    ADVOCATE. M. RAHMATHULLA    M    48    Communist Party of India

6    KALLANGODAN ABDUL LATHEEF    M    46    Independent

7    CLETUS    M    52    Independent

8    DR. NALLA THAMPY THERA    M    75    Independent

9    ADVOCATE. SHANAVAS MALAPPURAM    M    36    Independent

10    SHANAVAS MANAKULANGARA PARAMBIL    M    29    Independent

11    SUNNY PONNAMATTOM    M    58    Independent

12    M.P. RAHMATH    M    30    Independent

13    RAHMATHULLA POOLADAN    M    36    Independent

S11    5    KL    KOZHIKODE    16-Apr-09    1    A.K. ABDUL NASAR    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    ADV. P.A. MOHAMED RIYAS    M    33    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3    V. MURALEEDHARAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    M.K. RAGHAVAN    M    57    Indian National Congress

5    ADV. P. KUMARANKUTTY    M    64    Independent

6    K. MUHAMMED RIYAS    M    27    Independent

7    P. MUHAMMED RIYAS    M    28    Independent

8    P.A. MOHAMMED RIYAS    M    37    Independent

9    MUDOOR MUHAMMED HAJI    M    44    Independent

10    K. RAGHAVAN    M    44    Independent

11    P. RAMACHANDRAN NAIR    M    63    Independent

12    M. RAGHAVAN    M    65    Independent

13    VINOD K.    M    33    Independent

14    ADV. SABI JOSEPH    M    60    Independent

15    DR. D.SURENDRANATH    M    60    Independent

16    RIYAS    M    31    Independent

S11    6    KL    MALAPPURAM    16-Apr-09    1    ADV.E.A. ABOOBACKER    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    ADV. N. ARAVINDAN    M    43    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    E. AHAMED    M    70    Muslim League Kerala State Committee

4    T.K. HAMSA    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

S11    7    KL    PONNANI    16-Apr-09    1    K. JANACHANDRAN MASTER    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    P.K. MUHAMMED    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    E.T. MUHAMMED BASHEER    M    62    Muslim League Kerala State Committee

4    ABDUREHMAN    M    32    Independent

5    DR. AZAD    M    45    Independent

6    PULLANI GOVINDAN    M    64    Independent

7    DR. HUSSAIN RANTATHANI    M    51    Independent

8    HUSSAIN EDAYATH    M    29    Independent

9    HUSSAIN KADAIKKAL    M    37    Independent

10    HUSSAIN PERICHAYIL    M    42    Independent

11    HUSSAIN    M    29    Independent

12    DR. HUSSAIN    M    40    Independent

13    K. SADANANDAN    M    62    Independent

S11    8    KL    PALAKKAD    16-Apr-09    1    ABDUL RAZAK MOULAVI    M    47    Nationalist Congress Party

2    CHANDRAN. V    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    C.K. PADMANABHAN    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    M.B. RAJESH    M    34    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5    SATHEESAN PACHENI    M    41    Indian National Congress

6    A. AROKIASAMY    M    61    Independent

7    M.R. MURALI    M    43    Independent

8    N.V. RAJESH    M    35    Independent

9    VIJAYAN AMBALAKKAD    M    42    Independent

10    SATHEESAN. E.V    M    37    Independent

S11    9    KL    ALATHUR    16-Apr-09    1    P.K BIJU    M    34    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    M. BINDU TEACHER    F    35    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    DR. G SUDEVAN    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    N.K SUDHEER    M    44    Indian National Congress

5    K. GOPALAKRISHNAN    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6    BIJU K.K    M    38    Independent

7    P.C BIJU    M    36    Independent

8    C.K RAMAKRISHNAN    M    43    Independent

9    K.K SUDHIR    M    44    Independent

S11    10    KL    THRISSUR    16-Apr-09    1    P C CHACKO    M    62    Indian National Congress

2    C N JAYADEVAN    M    58    Communist Party of India

3    ADV. JOSHY THARAKAN    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    REMA REGUNANDAN    F    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    AJAYAN KUTTIKAT    M    36    Janata Dal (United)

6    K ARUN KUMAR    M    39    Independent

7    KUNJAN PULAYAN    M    52    Independent

8    E A JOSEPH    M    49    Independent

9    N K RAVI    M    46    Independent

10    P C SAJU    M    35    Independent

11    ADV. N HARIHARAN NAIR    M    63    Independent

S11    11    KL    CHALAKUDY    16-Apr-09    1    ADV. U.P JOSEPH    M    45    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    K.P. DHANAPALAN    M    59    Indian National Congress

3    MUTTAM ABDULLA    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    ADV.K.V. SABU    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    HAMSA KALAPARAMBATH    M    47    Lok Jan Shakti Party

6    JOHNNY K CHEEKU    M    47    Independent

7    JOSE MAVELI    M    58    Independent

8    U.P JOSE    M    45    Independent

9    DR. P.S. BABU    M    42    Independent

10    T.S NARAYANAN MASTER    M    67    Independent

11    C.A. HASEENA    F    36    Independent

S11    12    KL    ERNAKULAM    16-Apr-09    1    PROF. K V THOMAS    M    61    Indian National Congress

2    A.N. RADHAKRISHNAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    SHERIF MOHAMMED    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SINDHU JOY    F    32    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5    SAJU THOMAS    M    43    Lok Jan Shakti Party

6    MARY FRANCIS MOOLAMPILLY    F    59    Independent

7    VISWAMBARAN    M    59    Independent

8    SAJI THURUTHIKUNNEL    M    37    Independent

9    SINDHU K.S    F    36    Independent

10    SINDHU JAYAN    F    38    Independent

S11    13    KL    IDUKKI    16-Apr-09    1    ADV. P.T THOMAS    M    59    Indian National Congress

2    ADV. K. FRANCIS GEORGE    M    54    Kerala Congress

3    ADV. BIJU M JOHN    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SREENAGARI RAJAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    VASUDEVAN    M    39    Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katch

6    ADV. CHITTOOR RAJAMANNAR    M    50    Independent

7    JOSE KUTTIYANY    M    69    Independent

8    KANCHIYAR PEETHAMBARAN    M    45    Independent

9    BABY    M    51    Independent

10    M A SOOSAI    M    45    Independent

S11    14    KL    KOTTAYAM    16-Apr-09    1    JOSE K.MANI    M    44    Kerala Congress (M)

2    ADV. NARAYANAN NAMBOOTHIRI    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    ADV. SURESH KURUP    M    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4    SPENCER MARKS    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    ADV. JAIMON THANKACHAN    M    39    Samajwadi Jan Parishad

6    ANTO P JOHN    M    41    Independent

7    JUNO JOHN BABY    M    34    Independent

8    JOSE    M    45    Independent

9    JOSE MATHEW    M    32    Independent

10    JOSE K. MANI    M    32    Independent

11    BABU    M    41    Independent

12    K.T MATHEW    M    50    Independent

13    MINI K PHILIP    F    41    Independent

14    M.S RAVEENDRAN    M    49    Independent

15    K. RAJAPPAN    M    57    Independent

16    SASIKUTTAN VAKATHANAM    M    53    Independent

17    SURESH N.B KURUP    M    26    Independent

18    SURESHKUMAR K    M    33    Independent

19    SURESHKUMAR T.R    M    36    Independent

20    SURESH KURUMBAN    M    36    Independent

S11    15    KL    ALAPPUZHA    16-Apr-09    1    DR. K.S MANOJ    M    43    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    K.C VENUGOPAL    M    46    Indian National Congress

3    K.S PRASAD    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    P.J KURIAN    M    63    Janata Dal (United)

5    S. SEETHILAL    M    45    Independent

6    SONY J. KALYANKUMAR    M    51    Independent

S11    16    KL    MAVELIKKARA    16-Apr-09    1    R.S ANIL    M    34    Communist Party of India

2    KODIKKUNNIL SURESH    M    46    Indian National Congress

3    DR. N.D MOHAN    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    P.M VELAYUDHAN    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    ANIL KUMAR    M    26    Independent

6    K.S SASIKALA    F    40    Independent

7    SOORANAD SUKUMARAN    M    60    Independent

S11    17    KL    PATHANAMTHITTA    16-Apr-09    1    ANANTHA GOPAN    M    61    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    ANTO ANTONY    M    52    Indian National Congress

3    KARUNAKARAN NAIR    M    78    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    MANI C.KAPPEN    M    51    Nationalist Congress Party

5    RADHAKRISHNA MENON    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party

6    KUNJU PILLAI    M    60    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7    ANTO    M    33    Independent

8    JYOTHISH M.R    M    37    Independent

9    THAMBI    M    40    Independent

10    NIRANAM RAJAN    M    47    Independent

11    PUSHPANGADAN    M    40    Independent

12    MATHEW PAREY    M    26    Independent

S11    18    KL    KOLLAM    16-Apr-09    1    ADVT. K M JAYANANDAN    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    N.PEETHAMBARAKURUP    M    66    Indian National Congress

3    VAYAKKAL MADHU    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    P.RAJENDRAN    M    58    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5    ADV.ANU SASI    M    28    Independent

6    KRISHNAMMAL    F    59    Independent

7    K A JOHN    M    55    Independent

8    N.PEETHAMBARAKURUP    M    61    Independent

9    S.PRADEEP KUMAR    M    30    Independent

10    S.RADHAKRISHNAN    M    47    Independent

11    R.ZAKIEER HUSSAIN    M    37    Independent

S11    19    KL    ATTINGAL    16-Apr-09    1    PROF.G BALACHANDRAN    M    63    Indian National Congress

2    THOTTAKKADU SASI    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    ADV. A SAMPATH    M    46    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4    J SUDHAKARAN    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    SREENATH    M    53    Shivsena

6    JAYAKUMAR    M    56    Independent

7    BALACHANDRAN    M    51    Independent

8    BALACHNDRAN C P    M    59    Independent

9    MURALI KUMAR    M    43    Independent

10    J VIJAYAKUMAR    M    49    Independent

11    VIVEKANANDAN    M    59    Independent

12    SHAMSUDEEN    M    56    Independent

13    SAJIMON    M    25    Independent

14    SAIFUDEEN M    M    55    Independent

S11    20    KL    THIRUVANANTHAPURAM    16-Apr-09    1    P K KRISHNA DAS    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    M.P.GANGADHARAN    M    74    Nationalist Congress Party

3    DR.A NEELALOHITHADASAN NADAR    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    ADV. P RAMACHANDRAN NAIR    M    57    Communist Party of India

5    SHASHI THAROOR    M    53    Indian National Congress

6    AJITHKUMAR.K    M    41    All India Trinamool Congress

7    JAIN WILSON    M    41    Bahujan Shakty

8    G ASHOKAN    M    47    Independent

9    T.GEORGE    M    40    Independent

10    DILEEP    M    28    Independent

11    U.NAHURMIRAN PEERU MOHAMMED    M    49    Independent

12    PRATHAPAN    M    54    Independent

13    MOHANAN JOSHWA    M    49    Independent

14    SASI – JANAKI SADAN    M    39    Independent

15    SASI – KALAPURAKKAL    M    51    Independent

16    SHAJAR KHAN    M    38    Independent

S13    5    MH    BULDHANA    16-Apr-09    1    JADHAV PRATAPRAO GANPATRAO    M    49    Shivsena

2    DANDGE VASANTRAO SUGDEO    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SHINGNE DR.RAJENDRA BHASKARRAO    M    48    Nationalist Congress Party

4    AMARDEEP BALASAHEB DESHMUKH    M    27    Krantisena Maharashtra

5    QURRASHI SK.SIKANDAR SK. SHAUKAT    M    33    Democratic Secular Party

6    GAJANAN RAJARAM SIRSAT    M    27    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7    DHOKNE RAVINDRA TULSHRAMJI    M    44    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

8    FERAN CHADRAHAS JAGDEO    M    54    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

9    GANESH ARJUN ZORE    M    25    Independent

10    TAYDE VITTHAL PANDHARI    M    56    Independent

11    DEVIDAS PIRAJI SARKATE    M    35    Independent

12    SY. BILAL SY. USMAN    M    38    Independent

13    BHARAT PUNJAJI SHINGANE    M    40    Independent

14    RAJESH NIKANTHRAO TATHE    M    52    Independent

15    RATHOD CHHAGAN BABULAL    M    29    Independent

S13    6    MH    AKOLA    16-Apr-09    1    DHOTRE SANJAY SHAMRAO    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    BABASAHEB DHABEKAR    M    78    Indian National Congress

3    ATIK AHAMAD GU. JILANI    M    34    Democratic Secular Party

4    AMBEDKAR PRAKASH YASHWANT    M    56    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5    GANESH TULSHIRAM TATHE    M    49    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

6    DIPAK SHRIRAM TIRAKE    M    33    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7    AJABRAO UTTAMRAO BHONGADE    M    36    Independent

8    THAKURDAS GOVIND CHOUDHARI    M    39    Independent

9    MUJAHID KHAN CHAND KHAN    M    42    Independent

10    RAUT DEVIDAS ANANDRAO    M    45    Independent

11    WASUDEORAO KHADE GURUJI    M    68    Independent

S13    7    MH    AMRAVATI    16-Apr-09    1    ADSUL ANANDRAO VITHOBA    M    61    Shivsena

2    GANGADHAR GADE    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    UGLE SUNIL NAMDEV    M    32    Peoples Republican Party

4    UBALE SHRIKRISHNA CHAMPATRAO    M    62    Ambedkarist Republican Party

5    KESHAV DASHARATH WANKHADE    M    38    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

6    GAWAI RAJENDRA RAMKRUSHNA    M    46    Republican Party of India

7    PRINCIPAL GOPICHAND SURYABHAN MESHRAM    M    52    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)

8    BARSE MANOHAR DAULATRAO    M    53    Indian Union Muslim League

9    SAU MAMATA VINAYAK KANDALKAR    F    31    Assam United Democratic Front

10    DR. HEMANTKUMAR RAMBHAU MAHURE    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

11    AMOL DEVIDASRAO JADHAV    M    25    Independent

12    UMAK SHRIKRUSHNA SHYAMRAO    M    57    Independent

13    BANDU SAMPATRAO SANE (BANDYA L.S.)    M    43    Independent

14    BHAURAO SHRIRAM CHHAPANE    M    38    Independent

15    MITHUN HIRAMAN GAIKWAD    M    51    Independent

16    PROF. MUKUND VITTHALRAO KHAIRE    M    51    Independent

17    DR. RAJIV GULABRAO JAMTHE    M    53    Independent

18    RAJU MAHADEVRAO SONONE    M    38    Independent

19    VISHWANATH GOTUJI JAMNEKAR    M    60    Independent

20    SUDHAKAR VYANKAT RAMTEKE (MAJI SAINIK)    M    25    Independent

21    ADV. SUDHIR HIRAMAN TAYADE    M    42    Independent

22    SUNIL PRABHU RAMTEKE    M    37    Independent

S13    8    MH    WARDHA    16-Apr-09    1    KANGALE BIPIN BABASAHEB    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    DATTA MEGHE    M    72    Indian National Congress

3    SURESH GANPATRAO WAGHMARE    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    DIWATE RAMESH MADHAORAO    M    46    Krantisena Maharashtra

5    NARAYANRAO RAMJI CHIDAM    M    68    Gondvana Gantantra Party

6    DR. NITIN KESHORAO CHAVAN    M    46    Peoples Republican Party

7    PYARE SAHAB SHEIKH KARIM    M    41    Democratic Secular Party

8    BHOSE KAILAS VISHWASRAO    M    36    Gondwana Mukti Sena

9    ADV. SURESH SHINDE    M    42    Indian Justice Party

10    SANGITA SUNIL ALIAS SONU KAMBLE    F    33    Ambedkarist Republican Party

11    ISHWARKUMAR SHANKARRAO GHARPURE    M    50    Independent

12    GUNWANT TUKARAMJI DAWANDE    M    70    Independent

13    JAGANNATH NILKANTHRAO RAUT    M    54    Independent

14    TAGADE VISHWESHWAR AWADHUTRAO    M    47    Independent

15    RAMTEKE PRAKASH BAKARAM    M    60    Independent

16    SARANG PRAKASHRAO YAWALKAR    M    31    Independent

S13    9    MH    RAMTEK    16-Apr-09    1    TUMANE KRUPAL BALAJI    M    43    Shivsena

2    PRAKASHBHAU KISHAN TEMBHURNE    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    WASNIK MUKUL BALKRISHNA    M    49    Indian National Congress

4    KUMBHARE SULEKHA NARAYAN    F    49    Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch

5    DESHPANDE SANJAY SAOJI    M    44    Hindustan Janta Party

6    NAGARKAR PRASHANT HANSRAJ    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

7    NANDKISHOR SADHUJI DONGRE    M    34    Gondvana Gantantra Party

8    BAGDE SUJEET WASUDEORAO    M    43    Janata Dal (Secular)

9    PROF. BORKAR PRADIP DARYAV    M    48    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)

10    MAYATAI CHAWRE (UTWAL)    F    37    Samajwadi Party

11    VISKAS RAJARAM DAMLE    M    41    Republican Party of India (Khobragade)

12    SEEMA JEEVAN RAMTEKE    F    36    Democratic Secular Party

13    SANDIP SHESHRAO GAJBHIYE    M    36    Gondwana Mukti Sena

14    ASHISH ARUN NAGARARE    M    28    Independent

15    KHUSHAL UDARAMJI TUMANE    M    53    Independent

16    DHONE ANIL    M    43    Independent

17    ADV. DUPARE ULHAS SHALIKRAM    M    42    Independent

18    BARWE MADHUKAR DOMAJI    M    43    Independent

19    ADV. YUVRAJ ANANDRAOJI BAGDE    M    34    Independent

20    RURESH MANGALDAS BORKAR    M    33    Independent

S13    10    MH    NAGPUR    16-Apr-09    1    PUROHIT BANWARILAL BHAGWANDAS    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    ENGINEER MANIKRAO VAIDYA    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    MUTTEMWAR VILASRAO BABURAOJI    M    60    Indian National Congress

4    ARUN SHAMRAO JOSHI    M    58    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

5    KUMBHARE SULEKHA NARAYAN    F    49    Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch

6    ADV. GAJANAN SADASHIV KAWALE    M    51    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)

7    DILIP MANGAL MADAVI    M    44    Gondvana Gantantra Party

8    MEHMOOD KHAN RAHEEM KHAN    M    27    Democratic Secular Party

9    DR. YASHWANT MANOHAR    M    66    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

10    RAUT RAMESHCHANDRA    M    56    Prabuddha Republican Party

11    RAJESH SUKHDEV GAIKWAD    M    32    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

12    ADV. VASANTA UMRE    M    50    Democratic Party of India

13    SOMKUWAR VIJAY SITARAM    M    41    Ambedkarist Republican Party

14    AZIZUR REHMAN SHEIKH    M    46    Independent

15    ASHISH ARUN NAGRARE    M    28    Independent

16    ADV. UPASHA BANSI TAYWADE    M    67    Independent

17    JAGDISH RAGHUNATH AMBADE    M    44    Independent

18    PRATIBHA UDAY KHAPARDE    F    35    Independent

19    PREMDAS RAMCHANDRA RAMTEKE    M    48    Independent

20    BARPATRE CHANDRABHAN SOMAJI    M    48    Independent

21    BLASAHEB ALIAS PRAMOD RAMAJI SHAMBHARKAR    M    40    Independent

22    MOHAMAD HABIB REEZAVI    M    50    Independent

23    RAJESHKUMAR MOHANLAL PUGALIA    M    37    Independent

24    RAHUL MADHUKAR DESHMUKH    M    34    Independent

25    VIJAY DEVRAO DHAKATE    M    26    Independent

26    SUNIL GAYAPRASAD MISHRA    M    41    Independent

27    PROF. DNYANESH WAKUDKAR    M    52    Independent

S13    11    MH    BHANDARA – GONDIYA    16-Apr-09    1    GANVIR SHIVKUMAR NAGARCHI    M    56    Communist Party of India

2    JAISWAL VIRENDRAKUMAR KASTURCHAND    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    PATLE SHISHUPAL NATTHUJI    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    PATEL PRAFUL MANOHARBHAI    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party

5    UNDIRWADE HEMANT JAGIVAN    M    45    Prabuddha Republican Party

6    JAMAIWAR SUNIL PARASRAM    M    38    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7    PATHAN MUSHTAK LATIF    M    32    Democratic Secular Party

8    PRATIBHA VASANT PIMPALKAR    F    38    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

9    WASNIK SUNIL MANIRAM    M    38    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)

10    UKEY CHINDHUJI LAKHAJI    M    50    Independent

11    GAJBHIYE BRAMHASWARUP BABURAO    M    33    Independent

12    GAJBHIYE RAJENDRA MAHADEO    M    35    Independent

13    ADV. DHANANJAY SHAMLALJI RAJABHOJ    M    50    Independent

14    NANABHAU FALGUNRAO PATOLE    M    47    Independent

15    PATLE AKARSING SITARAM    M    36    Independent

16    PROF. DR. BHASKARRAO MAHADEORAO JIBHAKATE    M    63    Independent

17    MIRZA WAHIDBEG AHAMADBEG    M    33    Independent

18    YELE GANESHRAM SUKHRAM    M    54    Independent

19    RAHANGADALE MULCHAND OLGAN    M    56    Independent

20    DR. RAMSAJIVAN KAWDU LILHARE    M    60    Independent

21    SADANAND SHRAWANJI GANVIR    M    40    Independent

S13    12    MH    GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR    16-Apr-09    1    ASHOK MAHADEORAO NETE    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    ATRAM RAJE SATYAWANRAO    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    KOWASE MAROTRAO SAINUJI    M    59    Indian National Congress

4    NAMDEO ANANDRAO KANNAKE    M    50    Communist Party of India

5    PROFFESOR KHANDALE KAWDU TULSHIRAM    M    69    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

6    ADV. DADMAL PRABHAKAR MAHAGUJI    M    54    Peoples Republican Party

7    PENDAM DIWAKAR GULAB    M    38    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

8    PENDAM PURUSHOTTAM ZITUJI    M    35    Democratic Secular Party

9    VIJAY SURAJSING MADAVI    M    39    Gondvana Gantantra Party

10    JAMBHULE NARAYAN DINABAJI    M    54    Independent

11    DINESH TUKARAM MADAVI    M    28    Independent

S13    13    MH    CHANDRAPUR    16-Apr-09    1    AHIR HANSARAJ GANGARAM    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    PUGALIA NARESH    M    60    Indian National Congress

3    ADV. HAZARE DATTABHAU KRUSHNARAO    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    KHARTAD LOMESH MAROTI    M    55    Rashtrawadi Sena

5    KHOBRAGADE DESHAK GIRISHBABU    M    38    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6    CHATAP WAMAN SADASHIVRAO    M    58    Swatantra Bharat Paksha

7    JAWED ABDUL KURESHI ALIAS PROF. JAWED PASHA    M    47    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

8    JITENDRA ADAKU RAUT    M    32    Akhil Bhartiya Manavata Paksha

9    DANGE NATTHU BHAURAO    M    41    Ambedkarist Republican Party

10    PATHAN A. RAZZAK KHAN HAYAT KHAN    M    44    Samajwadi Party

11    MASRAM NIRANJAN SHIVRAM    M    42    Gondvana Gantantra Party

12    KALE DAMODHAR LAXMAN    M    85    Independent

13    QURESHI IKHALAQ MOHD. YUSUF    M    51    Independent

14    GODE NARAYAN SHAHUJI    M    42    Independent

15    DEKATE BHASKAR PARASHRAM    M    55    Independent

16    MADHUKAR VITTHALRAO NISTANE    M    43    Independent

17    MESHRAM CHARANDAS JANGLUJI    M    65    Independent

18    RAMESH RAGHOBAJI TAJNE    M    45    Independent

19    VINOD DINANATH MESHRAM    M    34    Independent

20    VIRENDRA TARACHANDJI PUGLIA    M    53    Independent

21    SHATRUGHN VYANKATRAO SONPIMPLE    M    37    Independent

22    SANJAY NILKANTH GAWANDE    M    45    Independent

23    HIWARKAR SUDHIR MOTIRAMJI    M    43    Independent

S13    14    MH    YAVATMAL-WASHIM    16-Apr-09    1    YEDATKAR DILIP LAXMANRAO    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    BHAVANA GAWALI (PATIL)    F    36    Shivsena

3    HARISING RATHOD    M    54    Indian National Congress

4    UTTAM BHAGAJI KAMBLE    M    41    Prabuddha Republican Party

5    KURESHI SK. MEHBUB SK.FATTU    M    44    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6    KWAJA NASIRODDINE KHAN    M    29    Democratic Secular Party

7    GAJANAN KASHIRAM PATIL (HEMBADE)    M    26    Krantisena Maharashtra

8    DHAGE VITTHAL MAHADEV    M    45    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

9    MANIYAR YUNUS MAHMOOD ZAHMI    M    50    Assam United Democratic Front

10    MOHMMAD KHAN AZIZ KHAN    M    43    Samajwadi Party

11    ATHAWALE SADANAND PRALHADRAO    M    39    Independent

12    GAJANAN BURMAL DODWADE    M    36    Independent

13    NETAJI SITARAMJI KINAKE    M    58    Independent

14    NANDKISHOR NARAYANRAO THAKARE    M    34    Independent

15    PAWAR RAMESH GORSING    M    53    Independent

16    PURUSHOTTAM DOMAJI BHAJGAWRE    M    48    Independent

17    MADHUKAR SHIVDASPPA GORATE    M    67    Independent

18    MANOJ JANARDAN PATIL    M    38    Independent

19    MUKHADE SAU. LALITARAI SUBHASHRAO    F    32    Independent

20    MESHRAM BANDU GANPAT    M    40    Independent

21    MOHD. INAMURRAHIM MOHD. MUSA    M    51    Independent

22    RAVINDRA ALIAS RAVIPAL MADHUKARRAO GANDHE    M    32    Independent

23    RAJKUMAR NARAYAN BHUJADALE    M    35    Independent

24    RATHOD DEVISING RAMA    M    56    Independent

25    SD. VHIDODDIN SD. KRIMODDIN    M    44    Independent

26    VISHNU KASINATH TAWKAR    M    47    Independent

27    SURESH BABAN PEDEKAR    M    33    Independent

28    SURESH BHIVA TARAL    M    29    Independent

S13    15    MH    HINGOLI    16-Apr-09    1    DR. B.D. CHAVHAN    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    SUBHASH BAPURAO WANDHEDE    M    46    Shivsena

3    SURYAKANTA JAIWANTRAO PATIL    F    63    Nationalist Congress Party

4    UTTAMRAO DAGADUJI BHAGAT    M    65    Prabuddha Republican Party

5    AJAS NOORMINYA    M    32    Democratic Secular Party

6    NAIK MADHAVRAO BAHENARAO    M    65    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

7    VINAYAK SHRIRAM BHISE    M    27    Krantisena Maharashtra

8    GUNDEKAR SANJAY ADELU    M    35    Independent

9    PATHAN SATTAR KASIMKHAN    M    38    Independent

10    PACHPUTE RAMPRASAD KISHANRAO    M    41    Independent

11    MD. A. MUJIM ANSARI A.    M    33    Independent

S13    16    MH    NANDED    16-Apr-09    1    KHATGAONK PATIL BHASKARRAO BAPURAO    M    65    Indian National Congress

2    MD. MAKBUL SALIM HAJI MD. KHAJA    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SAMBHAJI PAWAR    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    ALTAF AHMAD EAKBAL AHMAD    M    43    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5    KHADE SANJAY WAMANRAO    M    29    Prabuddha Republican Party

6    TIWARI RAMA BHAGIRAT    F    40    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7    ADV. C.S. BAHETI    M    56    Janata Party

8    MORE RAJESH EKNATHRAO    M    34    Krantisena Maharashtra

9    A. RAEES A. JABBAR    M    36    Ambedkar National Congress

10    SHINDE PREETI MADHUKAR    F    27    Jan Surajya Shakti

11    SHUDHIR YASHWANT SURVE    M    40    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

12    COM. ASHOK NAGORAO GHAYALE    M    40    Independent

13    ANAND JADHAV HOTALKAR    M    42    Independent

14    KOREWAR BALAJI NARSING    M    38    Independent

15    JADHAV VISHNU MAROTI    M    35    Independent

16    NAVGHARE ANAND PANDURANG    M    48    Independent

17    NARAYAN SURYAVANSHI DOANGONKAR    M    63    Independent

18    PATHAN ZAFAR ALI KHAN MAHEMUD ALI KHAN    M    63    Independent

19    ‘AIDS MAN’ PRAKASH TATERAO LANDGE    M    40    Independent

20    BHARANDE RAMCHANDRA GANGARAM    M    31    Independent

21    ADV. RAMRAO PANDURANG WAGHMARE    M    52    Independent

22    HANMANTE VIJAY CHANDRAO    M    35    Independent

S13    17    MH    PARBHANI    16-Apr-09    1    ADV. DUDHGAONKAR GANESHRAO NAGORAO    M    64    Shivsena

2    RAJSHRI BABASAHEB JAMAGE    F    46    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    WARPUDKAR SURESH AMBADASRAO    M    60    Nationalist Congress Party

4    AJIM AHMED KHAN AJIJ KHAN    M    32    Democratic Secular Party

5    ASHOKRAO BABARAO AMBHORE    M    46    Ambedkar National Congress

6    KACHOLE MANAVENDRA SAWALARAM    M    65    Swatantra Bharat Paksha

7    KALE VYANKATRAO BHIMRAO    M    31    Krantisena Maharashtra

8    NAMDEV LIMBAJI KACHAVE    M    68    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

9    BHAND GANGADHAR SAKHARAM    M    70    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

10    MULE BABAN DATTARAO    M    41    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

11    RUMALE TUKARAM DHONDIBA    M    51    Prabuddha Republican Party

12    SAYYAD EKRAMODDIN SAYYAD MUNIRODDIN    M    58    Lok Vikas Party

13    ASAD BIN ABDULLAHA BIN    M    43    Independent

14    JAMEEL AHMED SK. AHMED    M    44    Independent

15    DR. DESHMUKH KISHANRAO JANARDHANRAO (EX-SERVICEMAN)    M    74    Independent

16    RATHOD RAMRAO DHANSING SIR    M    58    Independent

17    SHINDE LAXMAN EKANATH    M    36    Independent

18    SAMAR GORAKHNATH PAWAR    M    41    Independent

19    SALVE SUDHAKAR UMAJI    M    47    Independent

S14    2    MN    OUTER MANIPUR    16-Apr-09    1    THANGSO BAITE    M    56    Indian National Congress

2    D. LOLI ADANEE    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    L.B. SONA    M    58    Nationalist Congress Party

4    M. JAMKHONGAM @ M. YAMKHONGAM HAOKIP    M    49    Rashtriya Janata Dal

5    THANGKHANGIN    M    53    Lok Jan Shakti Party

6    MANI CHARENAMEI    M    50    Peoples Democratic Alliance

7    VALLEY ROSE HUNGYO    F    53    Independent

8    MANGSHI (ROSE MANGSHI HAOKIP)    F    63    Independent

9    LAMLALMOI GANGTE    M    33    Independent

S15    1    ML    SHILLONG    16-Apr-09    1    DALINGTON DYMPEP    M    78    Communist Party of India

2    JOHN FILMORE KHARSHIING    M    46    United Democratic Party

3    VINCENT H PALA    M    41    Indian National Congress

4    P. B. M. BASAIAWMOIT    M    60    Hill State People’s Democratic Party

5    MARTLE N.MUKHIM    M    59    Meghalaya Democratic Party

6    DENIS SIANGSHAI    M    44    Independent

7    TIEROD PASSAH    M    45    Independent

S15    2    ML    TURA    16-Apr-09    1    AGATHA K. SANGMA    F    28    Nationalist Congress Party

2    DEBORA C. MARAK    F    43    Indian National Congress

3    BOSTON MARAK    M    28    A-Chik National Congress(Democratic)

4    ARLENE N. SANGMA    F    53    Independent

S16    1    MZ    MIZORAM    16-Apr-09    1    LALAWMPUIA CHHANGTE    M    42    Nationalist Congress Party

2    C.L.RUALA    M    72    Indian National Congress

3    DR. H. LALLUNGMUANA    M    65    Independent

4    RUALPAWLA    M    54    Independent

S17    1    NL    NAGALAND    16-Apr-09    1    K. ASUNGBA SANGTAM    M    62    Indian National Congress

2    C.M. CHANG    M    65    Nagaland Peoples Front

3    DR. RILANTHUNG ODYUO    M    39    All India Trinamool Congress

S18    1    OR    BARGARH    16-Apr-09    1    RADHARANI PANDA    F    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    SANJAY BHOI    M    35    Indian National Congress

3    SUNIL KUMAR AGRAWAL    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    DR. HAMID HUSSAIN    M    54    Biju Janata Dal

5    NILADRI BEHARI PANDA    M    29    Kosal Kranti Dal

6    SURENDRA KUMAR AGRAWAL    M    37    Independent

S18    2    OR    SUNDARGARH    16-Apr-09    1    JUAL ORAM    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    JEROM DUNGDUNG    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    LIVNUS KINDO    M    64    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

4    SALOMI MINZ    F    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5    HEMANANDA BISWAL    M    67    Indian National Congress

6    RAMA CHANDRA EKKA    M    61    Jharkhand Disom Party

7    SAGAR SING MANKEE    M    60    Kosal Kranti Dal

8    DALESWAR MAJHI    M    58    Independent

9    MANSID EKKA    M    63    Independent

S18    3    OR    SAMBALPUR    16-Apr-09    1    AMARNATH PRADHAN    M    51    Indian National Congress

2    GOBINDA RAM AGARWAL    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    ROHIT PUJARI    M    35    Biju Janata Dal

4    SURENDRA LATH    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    ASHOK KUMAR NAIK    M    53    Kosal Kranti Dal

6    BIJAYA KUMAR MAHANANDA    M    35    Republican Party of India

7    MD. ALI HUSSAIN    M    37    Independent

S18    10    OR    BOLANGIR    16-Apr-09    1    KALIKESH NARAYAN SINGH DEO    M    34    Biju Janata Dal

2    NARASINGHA MISHRA    M    68    Indian National Congress

3    BALHAN SAGAR    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SANGITA KUMARI SINGH DEO    F    47    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    DINGAR KUMBHAR    M    41    Samruddha Odisha

S18    11    OR    KALAHANDI    16-Apr-09    1    NAKULA MAJHI    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    BIKRAM KESHARI DEO    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    BHAKTA CHARAN DAS    M    52    Indian National Congress

4    SUBASH CHANDRA NAYAK    M    62    Biju Janata Dal

5    PARAMESWAR KAND    M    47    Samajwadi Party

6    BALARAM HOTA    M    33    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7    DAMBARUDHARA SUNANI    M    34    Independent

8    MAHESWAR BHOI    M    36    Independent

S18    12    OR    NABARANGPUR    16-Apr-09    1    CHANDRADHWAJ MAJHI    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    DOMBURU MAJHI    M    68    Biju Janata Dal

3    PARSURAM MAJHI    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    PRADEEP KUMAR MAJHI    M    33    Indian National Congress

S18    13    OR    KANDHAMAL    16-Apr-09    1    ASHOK SAHU    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    PAULA BALIARSING    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    RUDRAMADHAB RAY    M    71    Biju Janata Dal

4    SUZIT KUMAR PADHI    M    49    Indian National Congress

5    NAKUL NAYAK    M    46    Samajwadi Party

6    AJIT KUMAR NAYAK    M    26    Independent

7    KAMALA KANTA PANDEY    M    64    Independent

8    GHORABANA BEHERA    M    42    Independent

9    DEENABANDHU NAIK    M    45    Independent

S18    19    OR    ASKA    16-Apr-09    1    NITYANANDA PRADHAN    M    65    Biju Janata Dal

2    RAMACHANDRA RATH    M    63    Indian National Congress

3    SHANTI DEVI    F    71    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    KRISHNA DALABEHERA    M    43    Kalinga Sena

5    BIJAYA KUMAR MAHAPATRO    M    56    Revolutionary Socialist Party

6    SURJYA NARAYAN SAHU    M    37    Samruddha Odisha

7    KALICHARAN NAYAK    M    53    Independent

8    DEBASIS MISRA    M    48    Independent

9    K. SHYAM BABU SUBUDHI    M    73    Independent

S18    20    OR    BERHAMPUR    16-Apr-09    1    CHANDRA SEKHAR SAHU    M    58    Indian National Congress

2    PABITRA GAMANGO    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    BHARAT PAIK    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    SIDHANT MAHAPATRA    M    42    Biju Janata Dal

5    NIRAKAR BEHERA    M    35    Kalinga Sena

6    ALI RAZA ZIADI    M    30    Independent

7    KISHORE CHANDRA MAHARANA    M    61    Independent

8    A. RAGHUNATH VARMA    M    71    Independent

9    K. SHYAM BABU SUBUDHI    M    73    Independent

S18    21    OR    KORAPUT    16-Apr-09    1    UPENDRA MAJHI    M    29    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    GIRIDHAR GAMANG    M    56    Indian National Congress

3    JAYARAM PANGI    M    53    Biju Janata Dal

4    PAPANNA MUTIKA    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    KUMUDINI DISARI    F    34    Samruddha Odisha

6    MEGHANADA SABAR    M    40    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

S24    63    UP    MAHARAJGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    AJEET MANI    M    41    Samajwadi Party

2    GANESH SHANKER PANDEY    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    PANKAJ CHAUDHARY    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    HARSH VARDHAN    M    61    Indian National Congress

5    ABDWURRUF ANSARI    M    45    National Lokhind Party

6    PAWAN KUMAR    M    39    Republican Party of India (A)

7    RAM KISHUN NISHAD    M    52    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

8    SATYA NARAYAN URF SATNARAYAN    M    58    Bharatiya Eklavya Party

9    OMPRAKASH CHATURVEDI    M    63    Independent

10    DILIP KUMAR    M    28    Independent

11    RAM NIVAS    M    37    Independent

12    LAL BIHARI    M    42    Independent

13    CHAUDHARY SANJAY SINGH PATEL    M    29    Independent

14    SHYAM SUNDER DAS CHAURASIA    M    28    Independent

15    HANUMAN    M    51    Independent

S24    64    UP    GORAKHPUR    16-Apr-09    1    ADITYANATH    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    MANOJ TIWARI MRIDUL    M    39    Samajwadi Party

3    LALCHAND NISHAD    M    67    Indian National Congress

4    VINAY SHANKAR TIWARI    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    AMAN    M    35    Ambedkar Samaj Party

6    JOKHAN PRASAD    M    46    Eklavya Samaj Party

7    DAYASHANKAR NISHAD    M    38    Apna Dal

8    RAJBAHADUR    M    28    Indian Justice Party

9    RAJMANI    M    46    Bharatiya Eklavya Party

10    RAJESH SAHANI    M    44    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

11    SRINATH    M    29    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

12    AJAY KUMAR    M    40    Independent

13    AWADHESH SINGH    M    32    Independent

14    OMPRAKASH SINGH    M    43    Independent

15    GOVIND    M    43    Independent

16    CHHEDILAL    M    59    Independent

17    NIRANJAN PRASAD    M    35    Independent

18    NEERAJ YADAV    M    31    Independent

19    DR. BRIJESH MANI TRIPATHI    M    44    Independent

20    MANOJ TIWARI    M    30    Independent

21    RAKESH KUMAR    M    38    Independent

22    RAJAN YADAV M.B.A.    M    31    Independent

23    RAMHIT NISHAD    M    53    Independent

24    LAL BAHADUR    M    68    Independent

25    VINOD SHUKLA    M    29    Independent

26    HARISHCHANDRA    M    42    Independent

S24    65    UP    KUSHI NAGAR    16-Apr-09    1    BRAMHA SHANKER    M    56    Samajwadi Party

2    KU. RATANJEET PRATAP NARAYAN SINGH    M    45    Indian National Congress

3    VIJAY DUBEY    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    SWAMI PRASAD MAURYA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    ANIL    M    43    Republican Party of India (A)

6    KISHOR KUMAR    M    40    Indian Peace Party

7    K KUMAR    M    56    Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal

8    JANGI    M    55    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

9    DHEERAJ SHEKHAR SHRIWASTAWA    M    49    Rashtriya Lokwadi Party

10    BABU LAL    M    40    Bharatiya Republican Paksha

11    MATIULLAH    M    43    National Lokhind Party

12    MADAN LAL    M    46    Maulik Adhikar Party

13    AMEERUDDIN    M    31    Independent

14    JAGDISH    M    57    Independent

15    JAI GOVIND    M    35    Independent

16    DAROGA    M    37    Independent

17    RAMESH    M    35    Independent

18    RAM BRIKSH    M    54    Independent

S24    66    UP    DEORIA    16-Apr-09    1    GORAKH PRASAD JAISWAL    M    72    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    BALESHWAR YADAV    M    55    Indian National Congress

3    MOHAN SINGH    M    58    Samajwadi Party

4    SHRI PRAKASH MANI TRIPATHI    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    GANGA PRASAD KUSHWAHA    M    70    Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal

6    JAGDISH KUMAR VERMA    M    36    Lokpriya Samaj Party

7    DHARMENDRA KUMAR    M    33    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

8    MOTI LAL KUSHWAHA SHASTRI    M    59    Rashtriya Samanta Dal

9    SAFAYAT ALI    M    51    Peace Party

10    SARITA    F    27    Ambedkar Samaj Party

11    RAM KISHOR YADAV ALIAS VIDHAYAK    M    51    Independent

12    VIJAY JUAATHA    M    42    Independent

S24    67    UP    BANSGAON    16-Apr-09    1    KAMLESH PASWAN    M    33    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    MAHA BEER PRASAD    M    66    Indian National Congress

3    SHARADA DEVI    F    59    Samajwadi Party

4    SHREE NATH JI    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    CHANDRIKA    M    29    Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)

6    RAMA SHANKER    M    37    Peace Party

7    RAM PRAVESH PRASAD    M    37    Eklavya Samaj Party

8    HARILAL    M    32    Bahujan Uday Manch

9    KU. KUNJAWATI    F    36    Independent

10    MANOJ KUMAR    M    29    Independent

11    RADHEYSHYAM    M    35    Independent

12    RAMKAWAL    M    56    Independent

13    RAMSAKAL    M    32    Independent

14    RAMA PASWAN    M    33    Independent

15    VINAI KUMAR    M    33    Independent

S24    68    UP    LALGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    DAROGA PRASAD SAROJ    M    60    Samajwadi Party

2    NEELAM SONKAR    F    33    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    DR. BALIRAM    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    HAREE PRASAD SONKER    M    50    Communist Party of India

5    MANBHAWAN    M    32    Bharatiya Republican Paksha

6    RAM DAYAL ALIAS MOHAN    M    32    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

7    ACHCHHELAL    M    42    Independent

8    URMILA DEVI    F    27    Independent

9    CHANDRA RAM ALIAS CHANDU SAROJ    M    36    Independent

10    DHARMRAJ    M    55    Independent

11    SUKHNAYAN    M    29    Independent

S24    69    UP    AZAMGARH    16-Apr-09    1    AKBAR AHMAD DUMPY    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    ARUN KUMAR SINGH    M    63    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3    DURGA PRASAD YADAV    M    56    Samajwadi Party

4    RAMAKANT YADAV    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH    M    49    Indian National Congress

6    JAI JAI RAM PRAJAPATI    M    36    Lokpriya Samaj Party

7    RAM BHAROS    M    34    Bahujan Uday Manch

8    VINOD    M    33    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

9    USMANA FARUQEE    F    27    Independent

10    KEDAR NATH GIRI    M    49    Independent

11    KHAIRUL BASHAR    M    56    Independent

12    DR. JAVED AKHTAR    M    54    Independent

13    DAAN BAHADUR YADAV    M    54    Independent

14    YADUNATH    M    31    Independent

15    RAM UJAGIR    M    45    Independent

16    RAM SINGH    M    35    Independent

S24    70    UP    GHOSI    16-Apr-09    1    ATUL KUMAR SINGH ANJAN    M    55    Communist Party of India

2    ARSHAD JAMAL ANSARI    M    43    Samajwadi Party

3    DARA SINGH CHAUHAN    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    RAM IQBAL    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    SUDHA RAI    F    54    Indian National Congress

6    AKHILESH    M    43    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

7    KAILASH YADAV    M    46    Peace Party

8    RAMESH ALIAS RAJU SINGH    M    41    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

9    RAM BADAN KAUL    M    60    Bahujan Shakty

10    LALJI RAJBHAR    M    44    Bharatiya Samaj Dal

11    HARISH CHANDRA    M    62    Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)

12    ASHOK KUMAR    M    27    Independent

13    ZAKIR HUSSAIN    M    45    Independent

14    PALAKDHARI    M    41    Independent

15    RAKESH    M    34    Independent

16    SUJIT KUMAR    M    34    Independent

S24    71    UP    SALEMPUR    16-Apr-09    1    DR. BHOLA PANDEY    M    55    Indian National Congress

2    RAMASHANKAR RAJBHAR    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    HARIKEWAL    M    71    Samajwadi Party

4    IZHAR    M    48    Peace Party

5    ZUBAIR    M    39    Nelopa(United)

6    JANG BAHADUR    M    50    Bharatiya Samaj Dal

7    FATE BAHADUR    M    35    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

8    RAVISHANKAR SINGH “PAPPU”    M    38    Janata Dal (United)

9    RAMCHARAN    M    72    People’s Democratic Front

10    RAMDAYAL    M    57    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

11    RAMNAWAMI YADAV    M    37    Samajwadi Jan Parishad

12    RAMASHRAY CHAUHAN    M    55    Moderate Party

13    SRIRAM    M    50    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

14    HARISHCHAND    M    48    Eklavya Samaj Party

15    AMEER    M    53    Independent

16    PARASURAM    M    56    Independent

17    FULENDRA    M    40    Independent

18    MAN JI    M    50    Independent

19    MAHESH    M    70    Independent

20    RAJENDRA ALIAS RAJAN    M    33    Independent

21    VINDHACHAL    M    44    Independent

22    SHAILENDRA    M    36    Independent

23    SATISH    M    37    Independent

24    SARVDAMAN    M    26    Independent

25    SANJAY    M    36    Independent

S24    72    UP    BALLIA    16-Apr-09    1    NEERAJ SHEKHAR    M    40    Samajwadi Party

2    MANOJ SINHA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    SANGRAM SINGH YADAV    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    ARVIND KUMAR GOND    M    30    Gondvana Gantantra Party

5    KANHAIYA PRAJAPATI    M    44    Rashtriya Samanta Dal

6    NARAYAN RAJBHAR    M    32    Bharatiya Samaj Dal

7    RAJESH    M    40    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

8    RAMSAKAL    M    48    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

9    ANANT    M    36    Independent

10    GANGADYAL    M    48    Independent

11    DIWAKAR    M    38    Independent

12    RAMJI    M    49    Independent

13    LALBABU    M    36    Independent

14    SHESHNATH    M    40    Independent

15    SHANKER RAM RAWAT    M    43    Independent

16    HARIHAR    M    73    Independent

S24    74    UP    MACHHLISHAHR    16-Apr-09    1    KAMLA KANT GAUTAM (K.K. GAUTAM)    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    TUFANI SAROJ    M    48    Samajwadi Party

3    RAJ BAHADUR    M    66    Indian National Congress

4    VIDYASAGAR SONKER    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    KRISHNA SEWAK SONKER    M    48    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

6    RAM CHARITRA    M    41    Apna Dal

7    VIJAYEE RAM    M    38    Ambedkar Samaj Party

8    SHEOMURAT RAM    M    71    Gondvana Gantantra Party

9    SUKHRAJ DINKAR    M    51    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

10    SUSHMA    F    29    Rashtriya Agraniye Dal

11    DINESH KUMAR    M    31    Independent

12    BALJIT    M    59    Independent

13    RAM DAWAR GAUTAM    M    41    Independent

14    VINOD KUMAR    M    40    Independent

15    SHYAM BIHARI KANNAUJIYA    M    39    Independent

16    SOHAN    M    46    Independent

S24    75    UP    GHAZIPUR    16-Apr-09    1    AFZAL ANSARI    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    PRABHUNATH    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RADHEY MOHAN SINGH    M    43    Samajwadi Party

4    SURAJ RAM BAGI    M    52    Communist Party of India

5    ISHWARI PRASAD KUSHAWAHA    M    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6    DINESH    M    42    Rashtriya Samanta Dal

7    NANDLAL    M    67    Ambedkar Samaj Party

8    SHYAM NARAYAN    M    54    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

9    SATISH SHANKAR JAISAWAL    M    28    National Lokhind Party

10    SARAJU    M    67    Lok Dal

11    SURENDRA    M    43    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

12    ANIL    M    32    Independent

13    ASHOK (DR.ASHOK KUMAR SRIVASTAVA)    M    54    Independent

14    BRAJENDRA NATH URF BIJENDRA    M    66    Independent

15    RAJESH    M    37    Independent

S24    76    UP    CHANDAULI    16-Apr-09    1    KAILASH NATH SINGH YADAV    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    JAWAHAR LAL JAISAWAL    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RAMKISHUN    M    49    Samajwadi Party

4    SHAILENDRA KUMAR    M    40    Indian National Congress

5    CHANDRASHEKHAR    M    34    Republican Party of India

6    JAWAHIR    M    48    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

7    JOKHU    M    45    Peoples Democratic Forum

8    TULASI    M    42    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

9    RAJNATH    M    35    Bharatiya Republican Paksha

10    RAJESH SINGH    M    27    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

11    RAMAWATAR SHARMA ADVOCATE    M    38    Maulik Adhikar Party

12    RAMSEWAK YADAV    M    46    Rashtriya Lokhit Party

13    LALLAN    M    49    Indian Justice Party

14    SURENDRA PRATAP    M    36    Jai Bharat Samanta Party

15    DEVAROO    M    40    Independent

16    MUNNI LAL    M    66    Independent

17    SURAFARAJ AHMAD    M    29    Independent

18    HARI LAL    M    52    Independent

S24    77    UP    VARANASI    16-Apr-09    1    AJAY RAI    M    36    Samajwadi Party

2    MUKHTAR ANSARI    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    DR. MURLI MANOHAR JOSHI    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    DR. RAJESH KUMAR MISHRA    M    48    Indian National Congress

5    AWADHESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA    M    43    Rashtriya Samanta Dal

6    USHA SINGH    F    45    Rashtriya Agraniye Dal

7    KISHUN LAL    M    59    Indian Justice Party

8    VIJAY PRAKASH JAISWAL    M    43    Apna Dal

9    ER. SHYAM LAL VISHWAKARMA    M    61    Maulik Adhikar Party

10    ANAND KUMAR AMBASTHA    M    36    Independent

11    NARENDRA NATH DUBEY ADIG    M    36    Independent

12    PARVEZ QUADIR KHAN    M    38    Independent

13    PUSHP RAJ SAHU    M    47    Independent

14    RAJESH BHARTI    M    33    Independent

15    SATYA PRAKASH SRIVASTAVA    M    37    Independent

S24    79    UP    MIRZAPUR    16-Apr-09    1    ANIL KUMAR MAURYA    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    ANURAG SINGH    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    BAL KUMAR PATEL    M    48    Samajwadi Party

4    RAMESH DUBEY    M    66    Indian National Congress

5    AJAY SHANKER    M    33    Gondwana Mukti Sena

6    KAILASH    M    48    Bahujan Shakty

7    KHELADI    M    58    Gondvana Gantantra Party

8    JAGDISH    M    49    Apna Dal

9    PREM CHAND    M    45    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

10    RADHE SHYAM    M    58    Bharatiya Republican Paksha

11    LALJI    M    48    Rashtriya Agraniye Dal

12    LALTI DEVI    F    54    Vikas Party

13    SHANKAR    M    38    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

14    SHYAM LAL    M    41    Eklavya Samaj Party

15    MOHD. SAGIR    M    41    National Loktantrik Party

16    TRILOK NATH VERMA    M    61    Indian Justice Party

17    ANOOP KUMAR    M    34    Independent

18    KRISHNA CHAND    M    40    Independent

19    KRISHNA CHAND SHUKLA    M    40    Independent

20    CHHABEELE    M    41    Independent

21    DANGAR    M    52    Independent

22    DULARI    F    61    Independent

23    MANIK CHAND    M    37    Independent

24    MUNNA LAL    M    34    Independent

25    RAM GOPAL    M    53    Independent

26    RAM RAJ    M    37    Independent

27    HANS KUMAR    M    37    Independent

S24    80    UP    ROBERTSGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    PAKAURI LAL    M    57    Samajwadi Party

2    RAM ADHAR JOSEPH    M    43    Indian National Congress

3    RAM CHANDRA TYAGI    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    RAM SHAKAL    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    GULAB    M    31    Peoples Democratic Forum

6    CHANDRA SHEKHAR    M    34    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

7    MUNNI DEVI    F    42    Rashtriya Samanta Dal

8    RAMESH KUMAR    M    31    Apna Dal

9    SHRAWAN KUMAR    M    41    Rashtrawadi Sena

10    RAMBRIKSHA    M    39    Independent

S26    1    CG    SARGUJA    16-Apr-09    1    DHAN SINGH DHURVE    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    BAL SINGH    M    38    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3    BHANU PRATAP SINGH    M    42    Indian National Congress

4    MURARILAL SINGH    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    ANOOP MINJ    M    28    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

6    KUMAIT B.D.O.    M    64    Janata Dal (United)

7    BHUPNATH SINGH MARAVI    M    43    Gondvana Gantantra Party

8    RAMDEO LAKRA    M    32    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

9    RAMNATH CHERWA    M    36    Shoshit Samaj Dal

10    SOMNATH BHAGAT    M    46    Lok Jan Shakti Party

11    AMRIT SINGH MARAVI    M    35    Independent

12    JUGESHWAR    M    29    Independent

13    DHANESHWAR SINGH    M    39    Independent

14    SARJU XESS ORANW    M    43    Independent

15    SUNIL KUMAR SINGH KANHARE    M    27    Independent

16    SURAJ DEO SINGH KHAIRWAR    M    35    Independent

S26    2    CG    RAIGARH    16-Apr-09    1    BAHADUR SINGH RATHIA    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    VISHNU DEO SAI    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    HRIDAYARAM RATHIYA    M    43    Indian National Congress

4    DARSHAN SIDAR    M    32    Gondvana Gantantra Party

5    MEERA DEVI SINGH TIRKEY    F    39    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

6    SHIRACHAND EKKA    M    29    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

7    AMRIT TIRKEY    M    30    Independent

8    KAMRISH SINGH GOND    M    59    Independent

9    SANJAY TIRKEY    M    29    Independent

10    HALDHAR RAM SIDAR    M    42    Independent

S26    3    CG    JANJGIR-CHAMPA    16-Apr-09    1    SHRIMATI KAMLA DEVI PATLE    F    43    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    DAURAM RATNAKAR    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    DR.SHIVKUMAR DAHARIYA    M    45    Indian National Congress

4    B.R. CHAUHAN    M    59    Republican Party of India (A)

5    NEELKANTH WARE    M    59    Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party

6    PREM SHANKAR MAHILANGE URF PREM INDIA    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party

7    SANJEEV KUMAR KHARE    M    26    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

8    ANANDRAM GILHARE    M    35    Independent

9    CHAITRAM SURYAVANSHI    M    62    Independent

10    DR.CHHAVILAL RATRE    M    55    Independent

11    MAYARAM NAT    M    50    Independent

12    RAMCHARAN PRADHAN ADHIWAKTA    M    51    Independent

S26    4    CG    KORBA    16-Apr-09    1    KARUNA SHUKLA    F    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    CHARANDAS MAHANT    M    54    Indian National Congress

3    VIJAY LAXMI SHARMA    F    41    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    KEDARNATH RAJWADE    M    28    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5    CHAITI DEVI MAHANT    F    49    Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party

6    BUDHWAR SINGH UIKEY    M    34    Rashtriya Gondvana Party

7    DR. VIPIN SINHA    M    40    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

8    SANGEETA NIRMALKAR    F    32    Bharatiya Pichhra Dal

9    HIRASINGH MARKAAM    M    74    Gondvana Gantantra Party

10    GEND DAS MAHANT    M    35    Independent

11    CHARAN DAS    M    25    Independent

12    PAWAN KUMAR    M    38    Independent

13    FULESHWAR PRASAD SURJAIHA    M    75    Independent

14    RAMDAYAL ORAON    M    49    Independent

15    RAMLAKHAN KASHI    M    68    Independent

16    SHAMBHU PRASAD SHARMA ADHIWAKTA    M    62    Independent

17    SATRUPA    F    37    Independent

18    SANTOSH BANJARE    M    25    Independent

S26    5    CG    BILASPUR    16-Apr-09    1    DILIP SINGH JUDEV    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    ADVOCATE T.R.NIRALA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    DR.RENU JOGI    F    56    Indian National Congress

4    UTTAM PRASAD DANSENA    M    27    Sunder Samaj Party

5    DR.GOJU PAUL    M    40    Republican Party of India (A)

6    DR.BALMUKUND SINGH MARAVI    M    41    Gondvana Gantantra Party

7    BALARAM SAHU    M    46    Bharatiya Pichhra Dal

8    MUKESH KUMAR SAHU    M    32    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

9    SAPNA CHAKRABORTY    F    37    Lok Jan Shakti Party

10    ARJUN SHRIVAS GANGUAA    M    63    Independent

11    ANUJ DHRITLAHRE    M    34    Independent

12    ABDUL HAMID SIDDIQUE    M    43    Independent

13    ASHOK SHRIVASTAVA    M    37    Independent

14    UMESH SINGH    M    31    Independent

15    TUKLAL GARG    M    40    Independent

16    DAYA DAS LAHRE    M    65    Independent

17    DR.DAYA RAM DAYAL    M    60    Independent

18    DILIP KUMAR    M    30    Independent

19    DILIP GUPTA    M    38    Independent

20    DILIP SINGH    M    41    Independent

21    MANOJ KUMAR BIRKO    M    34    Independent

22    RAMESH AHUJA    M    43    Independent

23    RAMESH KUMAR LAHARE    M    36    Independent

24    RAJENDRA SAHU    M    29    Independent

25    RAJESH PRATAP    M    32    Independent

26    RAMBILAS SHARMA    M    52    Independent

27    B.P.VISWAKARMA    M    57    Independent

28    SHYAM BIHARI TRIVEDI    M    56    Independent

S26    6    CG    RAJNANDGAON    16-Apr-09    1    DEVWRAT SINGH    M    39    Indian National Congress

2    PRADHUMAN NETAM    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    MADHUSUDAN YADAV    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    GANGARAM NISHAD    M    48    Eklavya Samaj Party

5    NARAD KHOTHALIYA    M    48    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

6    AJAY JAISWAL    M    35    Independent

7    AJAY PALI    M    32    Independent

8    JALAL MOHAMMAD QURESHI    M    45    Independent

9    DERHARAM LODHI    M    37    Independent

10    DILIP RATHOR SAMPADAK    M    40    Independent

11    BHAG CHAND VAIDHYA    M    48    Independent

12    MADAN YADAV    M    34    Independent

13    MANGAL DAS BANGARE    M    52    Independent

14    D.R.YADAV PRACHARYA    M    66    Independent

S26    7    CG    DURG    16-Apr-09    1    PRADEEP CHOUBEY    M    55    Indian National Congress

2    RAGHUNANDAN SAHU    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SAROJ PANDEY    F    40    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    DEVIDAS KURRE    M    43    Chandigarh Vikas Party

5    DR. PANKAJ GOSOMI (PANDIT)    M    37    Republican Party of India

6    ANAND GAUTAM    M    35    Independent

7    TARACHAND SAHU    M    30    Independent

8    TARACHAND SAHU    M    66    Independent

9    TARACHAND SAHU    M    62    Independent

10    MASOOD KHAN    M    43    Independent

11    RATAN KUMAR KSHETRAPAL    M    61    Independent

12    RAJENDRA KUMAR SAHU    M    38    Independent

13    LAXMAN PRASAD    M    31    Independent

14    GURU DADA LOKESH MAHARAJ    M    56    Independent

15    SHITKARAN MHILWAR    M    40    Independent

S26    8    CG    RAIPUR    16-Apr-09    1    BHUPESH BAGHEL    M    47    Indian National Congress

2    RAMESH BAIS    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    VIDHYADEVI SAHU    F    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    ER. ASHOK TAMRAKAR    M    56    Jai Chhattisgarh Party

5    IMRRAN PASHA    M    33    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party

6    P.R. KHUNTE    M    54    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

7    MADHUSUDAN MISHRA    M    49    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

8    SHAILENDRA BANJARE (SHAKTIPUTRA)    M    34    Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)

9    SHANKAR LAL VARANDANI    M    45    Pyramid Party of India

10    HARGUN MEGHWANI    M    56    Akhil Bhartiya Sindhu Samajwadi Party

11    ARUN HARPAL    M    35    Independent

12    JAFAR HUSSAIN, BABABHAI (PURVA MUTVALLI)    M    57    Independent

13    MOH. JILANI ALIAS TANI    M    30    Independent

14    NAND KISHOR DEEP    M    48    Independent

15    NARESH BHISHMDEV DHIDHI    M    31    Independent

16    NAVIN GUPTA    M    35    Independent

17    NARAD NISHAD    M    33    Independent

18    PRAVEEN JAIN    M    44    Independent

19    BHARAT BHUSHAN PANDEY    M    45    Independent

20    MATHURA PRASAD TANDON    M    42    Independent

21    YASHWANT SAHU    M    35    Independent

22    RAJENDRA KUMAR SAHU    M    38    Independent

23    RAJENDRA SINGH THAKUR (ADVOCATE)    M    34    Independent

24    RAMKRISHNA VERMA    M    49    Independent

25    RAMCHARAN YADAV    M    33    Independent

26    SHOBHARAM GILHARE    M    38    Independent

27    SIYARAM DHRITLAHARE    M    34    Independent

28    SMT. SUSIL BAI BANJARE    F    36    Independent

29    SYED RASHID ALI    M    62    Independent

30    SANJAY BAGHEL    M    29    Independent

31    HAIDAR BHATI    M    38    Independent

32    SHRIKANT KASER    M    41    Independent

S26    9    CG    MAHASAMUND    16-Apr-09    1    CHANDULAL SAHU (CHANDU BHAIYA)    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    MOTILAL    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    MOTILAL SAHU    M    44    Indian National Congress

4    DR. ANAND MATAWALE (GURUJI)    M    38    Lok Bharati

5    KIRAN KUMAR DHRUW    M    44    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

6    BAUDDH KUMAR KAUSHIK    M    37    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

7    DR. LATA MARKAM    F    26    Republican Party of India (A)

8    SHRIDHAR CHANDRAKAR (PATEL)    M    40    Apna Dal

9    KHEDUBHARTI “SATYESH”    M    33    Independent

10    CHAMPA LAL PATEL    M    43    Independent

11    NARENDRA BHISHMDEV DHIDHI    M    34    Independent

12    NARAYANDAS INQALAB GANDHI    M    63    Independent

13    BHARAT DIWAN    M    29    Independent

14    RAMPRASAD CHAUHAN    M    46    Independent

15    SULTANSINGH SATNAM    M    58    Independent

S26    10    CG    BASTAR    16-Apr-09    1    AYTU RAM MANDAVI    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    BALIRAM KASHYAP    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    MANISH KUNJAM    M    42    Communist Party of India

4    SHANKAR SODI    M    44    Indian National Congress

5    CHANDRA SHEKHAR DHRUV (SHEKHAR)    M    42    Independent

6    MAYARAM NETAM ALIAS (FULSING SILADAR)    M    60    Independent

7    SUBHASH CHANDRA MOURYA    M    35    Independent

S26    11    CG    KANKER    16-Apr-09    1    SMT. PHOOLO DEVI NETAM    F    35    Indian National Congress

2    MIRA SALAM    F    32    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SOHAN POTAI    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    JALSINGH SHORI    M    30    Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party

5    N. R. BHUARYA    M    50    Gondwana Mukti Sena

6    BHOM LAL    M    59    Apna Dal

7    MAYARAM NAGWANSHI    M    48    Gondvana Gantantra Party

8    G. R. RANA    M    62    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

9    DEVCHAND MATLAM    M    31    Independent

10    PRAFUL MANDAVI    M    35    Independent

11    MAYARAM NETAM (FULSINGH SILEDAR)    M    60    Independent

S27    4    JH    CHATRA    16-Apr-09    1    ARUN KUMAR YADAV    M    41    Janata Dal (United)

2    DHIRAJ PRASAD SAHU    M    50    Indian National Congress

3    NAGMANI    M    46    Rashtriya Janata Dal

4    SUGAN MAHTO    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    KESHWAR YADAV    M    47    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6    PARAS NATH MANJHI    M    58    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

7    K.P. SHARMA    M    62    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

8    SURENDRA YADAV    M    36    Jharkhand Party

9    INDER SINGH NAMDHARI    M    62    Independent

10    DHIRENDRA AGRAWAL    M    53    Independent

11    RATNESH KUMAR GUPTA    M    47    Independent

S27    5    JH    KODARMA    16-Apr-09    1    TILAKDHARI PD. SINGH    M    65    Indian National Congress

2    PRANAV KUMAR VERMA    M    29    Rashtriya Janata Dal

3    LAXAMAN SAWARNKAR    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    BISHNU PRASAD BHAIYA    M    47    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5    SABHAPATI KUSHWAHA    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party

6    UMESH CHANDRA TRIVEDI    M    41    Jharkhand Party

7    PRAMESHWAR YADAV    M    49    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

8    BABULAL MARANDI    M    51    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

9    RAJKISHOR PRASAD MODI    M    54    Jharkhand Vikas Dal

10    RAJ KUMAR YADAV    M    37    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

11    HADTAL DAS    M    43    Bahujan Shakty

12    ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA    M    35    Independent

13    KAMAL DAS    M    35    Independent

14    CHANDRA DHARI MAHTO    M    28    Independent

15    MANJOOR ALAM ANSARI    M    45    Independent

16    LAXAMAN DAS    M    37    Independent

S27    11    JH    KHUNTI    16-Apr-09    1    KARIYA MUNDA    M    72    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    NEIL TIRKEY    M    55    Indian National Congress

3    MARSHAL BARLA    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    THEODORE KIRO    M    58    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

5    NITIMA BODRA BARI    F    41    Jharkhand Party (Naren)

6    NISHIKANT HORO    M    55    Jharkhand Party

7    ANAND KUJUR    M    27    Independent

8    UMBULAN TOPNO    M    49    Independent

9    KARLUS BHENGRA    M    41    Independent

S27    12    JH    LOHARDAGA    16-Apr-09    1    JOKHAN BHAGAT    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    RAMESHWAR ORAON    M    63    Indian National Congress

3    SUDARSHAN BHAGAT    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    DEOSHARAN BHAGAT    M    45    All Jharkhand Students Union

5    BAHURA EKKA    M    61    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

6    BHUNESHWAR LOHRA    M    42    Lok Jan Vikas Morcha

7    RAMA KHALKHO    F    38    Jharkhand Janadikhar Manch

8    ARJUN BHAGAT    M    60    Independent

9    ETWA ORAON    M    45    Independent

10    GOPAL ORAON    M    56    Independent

11    CHAMRA LINDA    M    39    Independent

12    JAI PRAKASH BHAGAT    M    36    Independent

13    NAWAL KISHOR SINGH    M    51    Independent

14    PADMA BARAIK    F    25    Independent

15    SUKHDEO LOHRA    M    69    Independent

S27    13    JH    PALAMAU    16-Apr-09    1    KAMESHWAR BAITHA    M    56    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

2    GHURAN RAM    M    42    Rashtriya Janata Dal

3    RADHA KRISHNA KISHORE    M    52    Janata Dal (United)

4    HIRA RAM TUPHANI    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    GANESH RAM    M    56    Jharkhand Party

6    JAWAHAR PASWAN    M    48    AJSU Party

7    NANDDEV RAM    M    70    Jharkhand Party (Naren)

8    PARVATI DEVI    F    34    Manav Mukti Morcha

9    PRABHAT KUMAR    M    31    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

10    RAJU GUIDE MAJHI    M    30    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

11    RAM NARESH RAM    M    36    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

12    BIRBAL RAM    M    28    Rashtriya Lok Dal

13    SATYENDRA KUMAR PASWAN    M    30    Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party

14    SUSHMA MEHTA    F    31    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

15    JITENDRA RAM    M    31    Independent

16    NARESH KUMAR PASWAN    M    29    Independent

17    BRAJMOHAN RAM    M    48    Independent

18    BHOLA RAM    M    32    Independent

19    MUNESHWAR RAM    M    58    Independent

20    RAM PRASAD RAM    M    58    Independent

21    SUNESHWAR BAITHA    M    54    Independent

S27    14    JH    HAZARIBAGH    16-Apr-09    1    KISHOR KUMAR PANDEY    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    BHUVNESHWAR PRASAD MEHTA    M    64    Communist Party of India

3    YASHWANT SINHA    M    71    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    SHIVLAL MAHTO    M    34    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5    SAURABH NARAIN SINGH    M    34    Indian National Congress

6    CHANDRA PRAKASH CHOUDHARY    M    40    All Jharkhand Students Union

7    DIGAMBER KU. MEHTA    M    42    Samajwadi Party

8    BRAJ KISHORE JAISWAL    M    67    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

9    DEONATH MAHTO    M    29    Independent

10    MAHENDRA KISHORE MEHTA    M    38    Independent

11    MD. MOINUDDIN AHMED    M    32    Independent

12    LALAN PRASAD    M    34    Independent

13    SNEHLATA DEVI    F    49    Independent

U01    1    AN    ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS    16-Apr-09    1    SMTI. R. S. UMA BHARATHY    F    44    Nationalist Congress Party

2    SHRI. KULDEEP RAI SHARMA    M    41    Indian National Congress

3    SHRI. P. R. GANESHAN    M    71    Rashtriya Janata Dal

4    SHRI TAPAN KUMAR BEPARI    M    51    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5    SHRI. BISHNU PADA RAY    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

6    SHRI. M. S. MOHAN    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

7    SHRI. N. K. P. NAIR    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

8    SHRI. PRADEEP KUMAR EKKA    M    37    Jharkhand Disom Party

9    SHRI. T. ALI    M    37    Independent

10    DR. THANKACHAN    M    50    Independent

11    SHRI. VAKIATH VALAPPIL KHALID    M    40    Independent

U06    1    LD    LAKSHADWEEP    16-Apr-09    1    MUHAMMED HAMDULLA SAYEED A.B    M    26    Indian National Congress

2    DR. P. POOKUNHIKOYA    M    60    Nationalist Congress Party

3    DR. K P MUTHUKOYA    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    LUKMANUL HAKEEM    M    32    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

S14    1    MN    INNER MANIPUR    22-Apr-09    1    DR. THOKCHOM MEINYA    M    58    Indian National Congress

2    THOUNAOJAM CHAOBA    M    70    Manipur People’s Party

3    MOIRANGTHEM NARA    M    58    Communist Party of India

4    WAHENGBAM NIPAMACHA SINGH    M    78    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    L. KSHETRANI DEVI    F    50    Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party

6    ABDUL RAHMAN    M    58    Independent

7    NONGMAITHEM HOMENDRO SINGH    M    45    Independent

S01    23    AP    KAKINADA    23-Apr-09    1    DOMMETI SUDHAKAR    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    M.M.PALLAMRAJU    M    46    Indian National Congress

3    BIKKINA VISWESWARA RAO    M    34    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    VASAMSETTY SATYA    M    44    Telugu Desam

5    ALURI VIJAYA LAKSHMI    F    64    Lok Satta Party

6    UDAYA KUMAR KONDEPUDI    M    36    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

7    GALI SATYAVATHI    F    40    Republican Party of India

8    GIDLA SIMHACHALAM    M    50    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

9    CHALAMALASETTY SUNIL    M    39    Praja Rajyam Party

10    NAMALA SATYANARAYANA    M    45    Rajyadhikara Party

11    N.PALLAMRAJU    M    52    Ajeya Bharat Party

12    BUGATHA BANGARRAO    M    48    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

13    AKAY SURYANARAYANA    M    50    Independent

14    CHAGANTI SURYA NARAYANA MURTHY    M    44    Independent

15    DANAM LAZAR BABU    M    42    Independent

16    BADAMPUDI BABURAO    M    51    Independent

S01    24    AP    AMALAPURAM    23-Apr-09    1    KOMMABATTULA UMA MAHESWARA RAO    M    65    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    GEDDAM SAMPADA RAO    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    DOCTOR GEDELA VARALAKSHMI    F    55    Telugu Desam

4    G.V.HARSHA KUMAR    M    50    Indian National Congress

5    AKUMARTHI SURYANARAYANA    M    50    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

6    KIRAN KUMAR BINEPE    M    43    Praja Bharath Party

7    P.V.CHAKRAVARTHI    M    54    Republican Party of India (Khobragade)

8    POTHULA PRAMEELA DEVI    F    55    Praja Rajyam Party

9    BHEEMARAO RAMJI MUTHABATHULA    M    39    Pyramid Party of India

10    MASA RAMADASU    M    46    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

11    YALANGI RAMESH    M    45    Independent

S01    25    AP    RAJAHMUNDRY    23-Apr-09    1    ARUNA KUMAR VUNDAVALLI    M    54    Indian National Congress

2    M. MURALI MOHAN    M    68    Telugu Desam

3    VAJRAPU KOTESWARA RAO    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SOMU VEERRAJU    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    UPPALAPATI VENKATA KRISHNAM RAJU    M    69    Praja Rajyam Party

6    DATLA RAYA JAGAPATHI RAJU    M    50    Pyramid Party of India

7    DR. PALADUGU CHANDRA MOULI    M    69    Lok Satta Party

8    MEDAPATI PAPIREDDY    M    30    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

9    MEDA SRINIVAS    M    39    Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)

10    PARAMATA GANESWARA RAO    M    46    Independent

11    MUSHINI RAMAKRISHNA RAO    M    51    Independent

12    VASAMSETTY NAGESWARA RAO    M    46    Independent

13    SANABOINA SUBHALAKSHMI    F    44    Independent

S01    26    AP    NARSAPURAM    23-Apr-09    1    KALIDINDI VISWANADHA RAJU    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    THOTA SITA RAMA LAKSHMI    F    59    Telugu Desam

3    BAPIRAJU KANUMURU    M    61    Indian National Congress

4    BHUPATHIRAJU SRINIVASA VARMA    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    ALLURI YUGANDHARA RAJU    M    44    Pyramid Party of India

6    GUBBALA TAMMAIAH    M    61    Praja Rajyam Party

7    NAVUNDRU RAJENDRA PRASAD    M    44    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

8    MANORAMA SANKU    F    62    Lok Satta Party

9    M V R RAJU    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

10    KALIDINDI BHIMARAJU    M    73    Independent

S01    27    AP    ELURU    23-Apr-09    1    KAVURI SAMBASIVA RAO    M    65    Indian National Congress

2    KODURI VENKATA SUBBA RAJU    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    PILLELLLI SUNIL    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    MAGANTI VENKATESWARA RAO(BABU)    M    49    Telugu Desam

5    Y.V.S.V. PRASADA RAO (YERNENI PRASADA RAO)    M    61    Pyramid Party of India

6    KOLUSU PEDA REDDAIAH YADAV    M    67    Praja Rajyam Party

7    SAVANAPUDI NAGARAJU    M    48    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

8    SIRIKI SRINIVAS    M    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

9    KASI NAIDU KAMMILI    M    39    Independent

10    TANUKU SEKHAR    M    45    Independent

11    DODDA KAMESWARA RAO    M    54    Independent

12    DOWLURI GOVARDHAN    M    32    Independent

S01    28    AP    MACHILIPATNAM    23-Apr-09    1    KONAKALLA NARAYANA RAO    M    59    Telugu Desam

2    CHIGURUPATI RAMALINGESWARA RAO    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    BADIGA RAMAKRISHNA    M    66    Indian National Congress

4    BHOGADI RAMA DEVI    F    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    KOPPULA VENKATESWARA RAO    M    45    Lok Satta Party

6    CHENNAMSETTI RAMACHANDRAIAH    M    60    Praja Rajyam Party

7    YARLAGADDA RAMAMOHANA RAO    M    44    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

8    VARA LAKSHMI KONERU    F    59    Pyramid Party of India

9    G.V. NAGESWARA RAO    M    25    Independent

10    YENDURI SUBRAMANYESWA RAO ( MANI )    M    50    Independent

S01    29    AP    VIJAYAWADA    23-Apr-09    1    LAGADAPATI RAJA GOPAL    M    45    Indian National Congress

2    LAKA VENGALA RAO    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    VAMSI MOHAN VALLABHANENI    M    38    Telugu Desam

4    SISTLA NARASIMHA MURTHY    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    DEVINENI KISHORE KUMAR    M    59    Lok Satta Party

6    RAGHAVA RAO JAKKA    M    60    Pyramid Party of India

7    RAJIV CHANUMOLU    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party

8    APPIKATLA JAWAHAR    M    44    Independent

9    KRISHNA MURTHY SUNKARA    M    46    Independent

10    JAKKA TARAKA MALLIKHARJUNA RAO    M    42    Independent

11    DEVERASETTY RAVINDRA BABU    M    35    Independent

12    DEVIREDDY RAVINDRANATHA REDDY    M    36    Independent

13    PERUPOGU VENKATESWARA RAO    M    41    Independent

14    BAIPUDI NAGESWARA RAO    M    30    Independent

15    BOPPA VENKATESWARA RAO    M    42    Independent

16    BOLISETTY HARIBABU    M    46    Independent

17    VEERLA SANJEEVA RAO    M    44    Independent

18    VENKATA RAO P.    M    44    Independent

19    SENAPATHI CHIRANJEEVI    M    36    Independent

20    SHAIK MASTAN    M    28    Independent

S01    30    AP    GUNTUR    23-Apr-09    1    MALLELA BABU RAO    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    YADLAPATI SWARUPARANI    F    51    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    RAJENDRA MADALA    M    42    Telugu Desam

7    SAMBASIVA RAO RAYAPATI    M    65    Indian National Congress

8    AMANULLA KHAN    M    37    Lok Satta Party

9    KOMMANABOINA LAKSHMAIAH    M    39    Rajyadhikara Party

11    THOTA CHANDRA SEKHAR    M    47    Praja Rajyam Party

12    YARRAKULA TULASI RAM YADAV    M    29    Samajwadi Party

13    VELAGAPUDI LAKSHMANA RAO    M    59    Pyramid Party of India

14    SRINIVASA RAO THOTAKURA    M    34    Ajeya Bharat Party

S01    31    AP    NARASARAOPET    23-Apr-09    1    BALASHOWRY VALLABHANENI    M    43    Indian National Congress

2    BEJJAM RATNAKARA RAO    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    VALLEPU KRUPA RAO    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    VENUGOPALA REDDY MODUGULA    M    42    Telugu Desam

7    GANUGAPENTA UTTAMA REDDY    M    30    Lok Satta Party

8    S.G. MASTAN VALI    M    31    Pyramid Party of India

9    RAMADUGU VENKATA SUBBA RAO    M    45    Samajwadi Party

11    SHAIK SYED SAHEB    M    65    Praja Rajyam Party

13    SAI PRASAD EDARA    M    42    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

14    ATCHALA NARASIMHA RAO    M    39    Independent

15    ANNAMRAJU VENUGOPALA MADHAVA RAO    M    37    Independent

17    KATAMARAJU NALAGORLA    M    61    Independent

19    YAMPATI VEERANJANEYA REDDY    M    38    Independent

21    SRINIVASA REDDY KESARI    M    40    Independent

S01    32    AP    BAPATLA    23-Apr-09    1    DARA SAMBAIAH    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    PANABAKA LAKSHMI    F    50    Indian National Congress

3    BATTULA ROSAYYA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    MALYADRI SRIRAM    M    55    Telugu Desam

5    GARIKAPATI SUDHAKAR    M    37    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

6    NUTHAKKI RAMA RAO    M    61    Praja Rajyam Party

7    GUDIPALLI SATHYA BABUJI    M    40    Independent

8    GORREMUCHU CHINNA RAO    M    42    Independent

9    GOLLA BABU RAO    M    34    Independent

10    DEVARAPALLI BUJJI BABU    M    34    Independent

S01    33    AP    ONGOLE    23-Apr-09    1    MANDAVA VASUDEVA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    MADDULURI MALAKONDAIAH YADAV    M    47    Telugu Desam

3    MAGUNTA SRINIVASULU REDDY    M    55    Indian National Congress

4    CHALUVADI SRINIVASARAO    M    38    Pyramid Party of India

5    DR,NARAYANAM RADHA DEVI    F    57    Lok Satta Party

6    PIDATHALA SAI KALPANA    F    50    Praja Rajyam Party

7    SHAIK SHAJAHAN    M    49    United Women Front

8    GARRE RAMAKRISHNA    M    34    Independent

9    DAMA MOHANA RAO    M    53    Independent

10    NALAMALAPU LAKSHMINARASAREDDY    M    40    Independent

11    YATHAPU KONDAREDDY    M    28    Independent

S01    34    AP    NANDYAL    23-Apr-09    1    NASYAM MOHAMMED FAROOK    M    57    Telugu Desam

2    S.MOHAMMED ISMAIL    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    S.P.Y.REDDY    M    59    Indian National Congress

4    ABDUL SATTAR . G    M    26    B. C. United Front

5    PICHHIKE NARENDRA DEV    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

6    BHUMA VENKATA NAGI REDDY    M    45    Praja Rajyam Party

7    RAMA JAGANNADHA REDDY TAMIDELA    M    34    Lok Satta Party

8    SADHU VEERA VENKATA RAMANAIAH    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

9    AMBATI RAMESWARA REDDY    M    35    Independent

10    K.ARTHER PANCHARATNAM    M    44    Independent

11    B.P.KAMBAGIRI SWAMY    M    36    Independent

12    GALI RAMA SUBBA REDDY    M    33    Independent

13    A.U.FAROOQ    M    25    Independent

14    G.BALASWAMY    M    37    Independent

15    T.MAHESH NAIDU    M    28    Independent

16    B.V.RAMI REDDY    M    47    Independent

17    B.R.L.REDDY    M    40    Independent

18    VENNUPUSA VENKATESHWARA REDDY    M    35    Independent

19    SINGAM VENKATESHWARA REDDY    M    35    Independent

20    T.SRINUVASULU    M    38    Independent

21    V.SESHI REDDY    M    33    Independent

S01    35    AP    KURNOOL    23-Apr-09    1    KOTLA JAYA SURYA PRAKASH REDDY    M    57    Indian National Congress

2    GADDAM RAMAKRISHNA    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    B.T.NAIDU    M    36    Telugu Desam

4    RAVI SUBRAMANYAM K.A.    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    JALLI VENKATESH    M    38    Lok Satta Party

6    DR.DANDIYA KHAJA PEERA    M    55    Praja Rajyam Party

7    B.NAGA JAYA CHANDRA REDDY    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

8    DR.P.R.PARAMESWAR REDDY    M    36    Pyramid Party of India

9    DEVI RAMALINGAPPA    M    44    Independent

10    V.V. RAMANA    M    38    Independent

11    RAJU    M    45    Independent

S01    36    AP    ANANTAPUR    23-Apr-09    1    ANANTHA VENKATA RAMI REDDY    M    52    Indian National Congress

2    AMBATI RAMA KRISHNA REDDY    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    KALAVA SRINIVASULU    M    44    Telugu Desam

4    GADDALA NAGABHUSHANAM    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    AMARNATH    M    32    Lok Satta Party

6    KRUSHNAPURAM GAYATHRI DEVI    F    36    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

7    MANSOOR    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party

8    G HARI    M    29    Pyramid Party of India

9    T CHANDRA SEKHAR    M    30    Independent

10    DEVELLA MURALI    M    44    Independent

11    K P NARAYANA SWAMY    M    41    Independent

12    J C RAMANUJULA REDDY    M    52    Independent

S01    37    AP    HINDUPUR    23-Apr-09    1    KRISTAPPA NIMMALA    M    52    Telugu Desam

2    P KHASIM KHAN    M    53    Indian National Congress

3    NARESH CINE ACTOR    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    B.S.P.SREERAMULU    M    30    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    KADAPALA SREEKANTA REDDY    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party

6    NIRANJAN BABU. K    M    30    Lok Satta Party

7    S. MUSKIN VALI    M    26    Pyramid Party of India

8    K. JAKEER    M    40    Independent

9    B. NAGABHUSHANA RAO    M    76    Independent

10    P. PRASAD (PEETLA PRASAD)    M    32    Independent

S01    38    AP    KADAPA    23-Apr-09    1    JAMBAPURAM MUNI REDDY    M    31    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    Y.S. JAGAN MOHAN REDDY    M    36    Indian National Congress

3    PALEM SRIKANTH REDDY    M    45    Telugu Desam

4    VANGALA SHASHI BHUSHAN REDDY    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    KASIBHATLA SAINATH SARMA    M    38    Rajyadhikara Party

6    N. KISHORE KUMAR REDDY    M    38    Janata Dal (Secular)

7    KUNCHAM VENKATA SUBBA REDDY    M    42    Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi

8    DR. KHALEEL BASHA    M    60    Praja Rajyam Party

9    GAJJALA RAMA SUBBA REDDY    M    57    Pyramid Party of India

10    GUDIPATI. PRASANNA KUMAR    M    55    Lok Satta Party

11    C. GOPI NARASIMHA REDDY    M    31    Janata Dal (United)

12    CHINNAPA REDDY KOMMA    M    41    Bharatiya Jan Shakti

13    Y. SEKHARA REDDY    M    47    Republican Party of India (A)

14    S. ALI SHER    M    47    Independent

15    THIMMAPPAGARI VENKATA SIVA REDDY    M    47    Independent

16    V. NARENDRA    M    39    Independent

17    S. RAJA MADIGA    M    46    Independent

18    YELLIPALAM RAMESH REDDY    M    35    Independent

19    SIVANARAYANA REDDY CHADIPIRALLA    M    39    Independent

20    J. SUBBARAYUDU    M    51    Independent

S01    39    AP    NELLORE    23-Apr-09    1    S. PADMA NAGESWARA RAO    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    BATHINA NARASIMHA RAO    M    65    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    MEKAPATI RAJAMOHAN REDDY    M    64    Indian National Congress

4    VANTERU VENU GOPALA REDDY    M    59    Telugu Desam

5    JANA RAMACHANDRAIAH    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party

6    VEMURI BHASKARA RAO    M    36    Lok Satta Party

7    SIDDIRAJU SATYANARAYANA    M    43    Pyramid Party of India

8    KARIMULLA    M    42    Independent

9    MUCHAKALA CHANDRA SEKHAR YADAV    M    40    Independent

10    VENKATA BHASKAR REDDY DIRISALA    M    37    Independent

11    SYED HAMZA HUSSAINY    M    46    Independent

S01    40    AP    TIRUPATI    23-Apr-09    1    CHINTA MOHAN    M    54    Indian National Congress

2    VARLA RAMAIAH    M    57    Telugu Desam

3    N.VENKATASWAMY    M    77    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    JUVVIGUNTA VENKATESWARLU    M    37    Lok Satta Party

5    DEGALA SURYANARAYANA    M    34    Pyramid Party of India

6    DHANASEKHAR GUNDLURU    M    41    Republican Party of India (A)

7    VARAPRASADA RAO. V    M    55    Praja Rajyam Party

8    OREPALLI VENKATA KRISHNA PRASAD    M    43    Independent

9    KATTAMANCHI PRABAKHAR    M    40    Independent

10    YALAVADI MUNIKRISHNAIAH    M    64    Independent

S01    41    AP    RAJAMPET    23-Apr-09    1    ANNAYYAGARI SAI PRATHAP    M    64    Indian National Congress

2    ALLAPUREDDY. HARINATHA REDDY    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RAMESH KUMAR REDDY REDDAPPAGARI    M    44    Telugu Desam

4    SUNKARA SREENIVAS    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    DR. ARAVA. VENKATA SUBBA REDDY    M    38    Pyramid Party of India

6    ADI NARAYANA REDDY .V    M    40    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

7    NAGESWARA RAO EDAGOTTU    M    38    Lok Satta Party

8    D.A. SRINIVAS    M    36    Praja Rajyam Party

9    SHAIK AMEEN PEERAN    M    39    Ambedkar National Congress

10    ASADI VENKATADRI    M    41    Independent

11    INDRA PRAKASH    M    32    Independent

12    KASTHURI OBAIAH NAIDU    M    55    Independent

13    B. KRISHNAPPA    M    32    Independent

14    PULA RAGHU    M    44    Independent

15    HAJI MOHAMMAD AZAM    M    82    Independent

S01    42    AP    CHITTOOR    23-Apr-09    1    JAYARAM DUGGANI    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    THIPPESWAMY M    M    55    Indian National Congress

3    NARAMALLI SIVAPRASAD    M    57    Telugu Desam

4    B.SIVAKUMAR    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    A. AMARNADH    M    37    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

6    TALARI MANOHAR    M    54    Praja Rajyam Party

7    G. VENKATACHALAM    M    29    Lok Satta Party

S03    4    AS    DHUBRI    23-Apr-09    1    ANWAR HUSSAIN    M    62    Indian National Congress

2    BADRUDDIN AJMAL    M    54    Assam United Democratic Front

3    ARUN DAS    M    39    Rashtrawadi Sena

4    ALOK SEN    M    37    Samajwadi Party

5    SOLEMAN ALI    M    45    Independent

6    SHAHJAHAN ALI    M    39    Independent

7    SOLEMAN KHANDAKER    M    53    Independent

8    TRIPTI KANA MAZUMDAR CHOUDHURY    F    45    Independent

9    NUR MAHAMMAD    M    61    Independent

10    MINHAR ALI MANDAL    M    61    Independent

S03    5    AS    KOKRAJHAR    23-Apr-09    1    SABDA RAM RABHA    M    39    Asom Gana Parishad

2    SANSUMA KHUNGGUR BWISWMUTHIARY    M    49    Bodaland Peoples Front

3    URKHAO GWRA BRAHMA    M    45    Independent

S03    6    AS    BARPETA    23-Apr-09    1    ABDUS SAMAD AHMED    M    41    Assam United Democratic Front

2    MD. AMIR ALI    M    42    Rashtriya Janata Dal

3    ISMAIL HUSSAIN    M    55    Indian National Congress

4    DURGESWAR DEKA    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5    BHUPEN RAY    M    49    Asom Gana Parishad

6    ABU CHAND MAHMMAD    M    63    Republican Party of India (A)

7    ABDUL KADDUS    M    35    Samajwadi Party

8    KANDARPA LAHKAR    M    53    Rashtravadi Janata Party

9    MD. DILIR KHAN    M    42    Muslim League Kerala State Committee

10    MUIJ UDDIN MAHMUD    M    51    Lok Jan Shakti Party

11    ABDUL KADER    M    41    Independent

12    GOLAP HUSSAIN MAZUMDER    M    35    Independent

13    DEWAN JOYNAL ABEDIN    M    65    Independent

14    BHADRESWAR DAS    M    40    Independent

S03    7    AS    GAUHATI    23-Apr-09    1    AKSHAY RAJKHOWA    M    49    Nationalist Congress Party

2    BIJOYA CHAKRAVARTY    F    70    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    CAPT. ROBIN BORDOLOI    M    67    Indian National Congress

4    SONABOR ALI    M    58    Assam United Democratic Front

5    AMBU BORA    M    78    Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)

6    DEEPAK KALITA    M    34    Samajwadi Party

7    SHIMANTA BRAHMA    M    48    Rashtrawadi Sena

8    AMIT BARUA    M    42    Independent

9    KAZI NEKIB AHMED    M    51    Independent

10    DEVA KANTA RAMCHIARY    M    46    Independent

11    BRIJESH ROY    M    30    Independent

12    RINA GAYARY DAS    F    41    Independent

S03    8    AS    MANGALDOI    23-Apr-09    1    BADIUJ ZAMAL    M    33    Assam United Democratic Front

2    MADHAB RAJBANGSHI    M    53    Indian National Congress

3    RAMEN DEKA    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    DINA NATH DAS    M    65    Bodaland Peoples Front

5    PARVEEN SULTANA    F    42    All India Minorities Front

6    RABINDRA NATH HAZARIKA    M    72    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

7    RATUL KUMAR CHOUDHURY    M    38    Samajwadi Party

8    LANKESWAR ACHARJYA    M    45    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

9    LUCYMAI BASUMATARI    F    58    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

10    AROON BAROOA    M    53    Independent

11    PRODEEP KUMAR DAIMARY    M    42    Independent

12    BHUPENDRA NATH KAKATI    M    62    Independent

13    MANOJ KUMAR DEKA    M    55    Independent

S03    9    AS    TEZPUR    23-Apr-09    1    JITEN SUNDI    M    64    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    DEBA ORANG    M    54    Assam United Democratic Front

3    MONI KUMAR SUBBA    M    51    Indian National Congress

4    JOSEPH TOPPO    M    60    Asom Gana Parishad

5    ARUN KUMAR MURMOO    M    33    Bharat Vikas Morcha

6    PARASHMONI SINHA    M    33    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

7    JUGANANDA HAZARIKA    M    42    Samajwadi Party

8    RUBUL SARMA    M    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

9    REGINOLD V. JOHNSON    M    45    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

10    KALYAN KUMAR DEORI BHARALI    M    69    Independent

11    DANIEL DAVID JESUDAS    M    66    Independent

12    MD. NAZIR AHMED    M    56    Independent

13    DR. PRANAB KR. DAS    M    41    Independent

14    PRASANTA BORO    M    32    Independent

15    RUDRA PARAJULI    M    52    Independent

S03    10    AS    NOWGONG    23-Apr-09    1    ANIL RAJA    M    51    Indian National Congress

2    RAJEN GOHAIN    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    SIRAJ UDDIN AJMAL    M    52    Assam United Democratic Front

4    PHEIROIJAM IBOMCHA SINGH    M    60    All India Forward Bloc

5    BIPIN SAIKIA    M    55    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

6    BIREN DAS    M    48    Rashtrawadi Sena

7    BHUPEN CHANDRA MUDOI    M    55    Republican Party of India (A)

8    LIAQAT HUSSAIN    M    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party

9    ASHIT DUTTA    M    47    Independent

10    NAZRUL HAQUE MAZARBHUIYAN    M    55    Independent

11    PUSPA KANTA BORA    M    49    Independent

12    BIMALA PRASAD TALUKDAR    M    46    Independent

13    HERAMBA MOHAN PANDIT    M    45    Independent

S03    11    AS    KALIABOR    23-Apr-09    1    GUNIN HAZARIKA    M    61    Asom Gana Parishad

2    DIP GOGOI    M    57    Indian National Congress

3    SIRAJ UDDIN AJMAL    M    52    Assam United Democratic Front

4    KAMAL HAZARIKA    M    48    Independent

5    PAUL NAYAK    M    40    Independent

6    PRADEEP DUTTA    M    42    Independent

7    BINOD GOGOI    M    38    Independent

8    MRIDUL BARUAH    M    37    Independent

S03    12    AS    JORHAT    23-Apr-09    1    KAMAKHYA TASA    M    34    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    DRUPAD BORGOHAIN    M    68    Communist Party of India

3    BIJOY KRISHNA HANDIQUE    M    77    Indian National Congress

4    ABINASH KISHORE BORAH    M    30    Rashtrawadi Sena

5    BIREN NANDA    M    48    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

6    NAVAPROKASH SONOWAL    M    36    Independent

7    RAJ KUMAR DOWARAH    M    43    Independent

8    SUJIT SAHU    M    38    Independent

S03    13    AS    DIBRUGARH    23-Apr-09    1    SRI PABAN SINGH GHATOWAR    M    60    Indian National Congress

2    SRI ROMEN CH. BORTHAKUR    M    48    Nationalist Congress Party

3    SRI RATUL GOGOI    M    31    Communist Party of India

4    SRI SARBANANDA SONOWAL    M    47    Asom Gana Parishad

5    SRI GONGARAM KAUL    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6    NIHARIKA BORPATRA GOHAIN GOGOI    F    30    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

7    IMTIAZ HUSSAIN    M    31    Independent

8    FRANCIS DHAN    M    40    Independent

9    LAKHI CHARAN SWANSI    M    34    Independent

10    SIMA GHOSH    F    40    Independent

S03    14    AS    LAKHIMPUR    23-Apr-09    1    DR. ARUN KR. SARMA    M    52    Asom Gana Parishad

2    BHOGESWAR DUTTA    M    63    Communist Party of India

3    RANEE NARAH    F    45    Indian National Congress

4    GANGADHAR DUTTA    M    39    Shivsena

5    DEBNATH MAJHI    M    30    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

6    PRAN JYOTI BORPATRA GOHAIN    M    26    Rashtrawadi Sena

7    MINU BURAGOHAIN    F    50    Samajwadi Party

8    RATNESWAR GOGOI    M    63    All India Forward Bloc

9    LALIT MILI    M    53    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

10    SONAMONI DAS    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party

11    ASAP SUNDIGURIA    M    62    Independent

12    PRASHANTA GOGOI    M    35    Independent

13    BHUMIDHAR HAZARIKA    M    38    Independent

14    RANOJ PEGU    M    45    Independent

15    RABIN DEKA    M    54    Independent

S04    1    BR    VALMIKI NAGAR    23-Apr-09    1    DILIP VERMA    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party

2    BAIDYANATH PRASAD MAHTO    M    51    Janata Dal (United)

3    MANAN MISHRA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    MOHAMMAD SHAMIM AKHTAR    M    37    Indian National Congress

5    RAGHUNATH JHA    M    63    Rashtriya Janata Dal

6    BIRENDRA PRASAD GUPTA    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7    SHAILENDRA KUMAR GARHWAL    M    38    Loktantrik Samata Dal

8    AMBIKA SINGH    M    53    Independent

9    UMESH    M    36    Independent

10    DEORAJ RAM    M    31    Independent

11    FAKHRUDDIN    M    37    Independent

12    MAGISTER YADAV    M    42    Independent

13    MANOHAR MANOJ    M    40    Independent

14    RAMASHANKAR PRASAD    M    35    Independent

15    RAKESH KUMAR PANDEY    M    51    Independent

16    SATYANARAIN YADAV    M    28    Independent

S04    2    BR    PASCHIM CHAMPARAN    23-Apr-09    1    ANIRUDH PRASAD ALIAS SADHU YADAV    M    46    Indian National Congress

2    PRAKASH JHA    M    55    Lok Jan Shakti Party

3    RAMASHRAY SINGH    M    65    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4    SHAMBHU PRASAD GUPTA    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    DR. SANJAY JAISWAL    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party

6    FAIYAZUL AZAM    M    71    Janata Dal (Secular)

7    MANOJ KUMAR    M    44    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

8    SYED SHAMIM AKHTAR    M    48    Loktantrik Samata Dal

9    NAFIS AHAMAD    M    35    Independent

10    SHRIMAN MISHRA    M    41    Independent

11    SYED IRSHAD AKHTER    M    32    Independent

S04    3    BR    PURVI CHAMPARAN    23-Apr-09    1    AKHILESH PD. SINGH    M    40    Rashtriya Janata Dal

2    ARVIND KR. GUPTA    M    29    Indian National Congress

3    GAGANDEO YADAV    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    RADHA MOHAN SINGH    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    RAMCHANDRA PD.    M    51    Communist Party of India

6    UMESH KR. SINGH    M    43    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

7    NAGENDRA SAHANI    M    33    Loktantrik Samata Dal

8    SURESH KR. RAJAK    M    45    Indian Justice Party

9    SURESH KR. RAI    M    41    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

10    JHAGARU MAHATO    M    48    Independent

11    PARASNATH PANDEY    M    48    Independent

12    MD. MURTAZA ANSARI(DR. LAL)    M    40    Independent

S04    4    BR    SHEOHAR    23-Apr-09    1    MD. ANWARUL HAQUE    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    MD. TANVEER ZAFER    M    33    Communist Party of India

3    RAMA DEVI    F    60    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    LOVELY ANAND    M    35    Indian National Congress

5    SITARAM SINGH    M    60    Rashtriya Janata Dal

6    ARUN SAH    M    30    Bharatiya Loktantrik Party(Gandhi-Lohiawadi)

7    BASDEO SAH    M    36    Indian Justice Party

8    SHATRUGHANA SAHU    M    38    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

9    AJAY KUMAR PANDEY    M    36    Independent

10    CHANDRIKA PRASAD    M    34    Independent

11    MOHAMMAD FIROZ AHAMAD    M    28    Independent

12    MOHSIN    M    29    Independent

13    YOGENDRA RAM    M    38    Independent

14    RAM ASHISH, MAHTO    M    64    Independent

15    SUNIL SINGH    M    44    Independent

S04    5    BR    SITAMARHI    23-Apr-09    1    ARJUN ROY    M    37    Janata Dal (United)

2    MAYA SHANKAR SHARAN    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SAMIR KUMAR MAHASETH    M    49    Indian National Congress

4    SITARAM YADAV    M    61    Rashtriya Janata Dal

5    S. ABU DAUJANA    M    41    Loktantrik Samata Dal

6    CHITARANJAN GIRI    M    42    Rashtriya Pragati Party

7    MOHAMMAD AFZAL PAINTHER    M    44    Ambedkar National Congress

8    SHANKAR SINHA    M    51    Revolutionary Socialist Party

9    CHANDRIKA PRASAD    M    34    Independent

10    ZAHID    M    30    Independent

11    DINESH PRASAD    M    40    Independent

12    PAPPU KUMAR MISHRA    M    30    Independent

13    MUKESH KUMAR GUPTA    M    39    Independent

14    RAVINDRA KUMAR    M    36    Independent

15    RAM KISHORE PRASAD    M    71    Independent

16    SONE LAL SAH    M    61    Independent

S04    6    BR    MADHUBANI    23-Apr-09    1    ABDULBARI SIDDIKI    M    62    Rashtriya Janata Dal

2    LAXMANKANT MISHRA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    DR SHAKEEL AHAMAD    M    52    Indian National Congress

4    HUKM DEO NARAYAN YADAV    M    72    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    DR HEMCHANDRA JHA    M    48    Communist Party of India

6    MINTU KUMAR SINGH    M    30    Jago Party

7    MISHRI LAL YADAV    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party

8    RAMCHANDRA YADAV    M    65    Krantikari Samyavadi Party

9    RAM SAGAR SAHANI    M    51    Indian Justice Party

10    MD ZINNUR    M    47    Independent

11    RAVINDRA THAKUR    M    40    Independent

12    RAJESHWAR YADAV    M    37    Independent

13    SANJAY KUMAR MAHTO    M    36    Independent

14    HARIBHUSHAN THAKUR “BACHOL”    M    44    Independent

S04    7    BR    JHANJHARPUR    23-Apr-09    1    KRIPANATH PATHAK    M    65    Indian National Congress

2    GAURI SHANKAR YADAV    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    DEVENDRA PRASAD YADAV    M    53    Rashtriya Janata Dal

4    MANGANI LAL MANDAL    M    60    Janata Dal (United)

5    DR KIRTAN PRASAD SINGH    M    50    Loktantrik Samata Dal

6    YOGNATH MANDAL    M    36    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7    OM PRAKASH    M    27    Independent

8    NATHUNI YADAV    M    57    Independent

9    FIROZ ALAM    M    38    Independent

10    VIVEKA NAND JHA    M    33    Independent

11    SHANKAR PRASAD    M    26    Independent

S04    14    BR    DARBHANGA    23-Apr-09    1    AJAY KUMAR JALAN    M    49    Indian National Congress

2    MD. ALI ASHRAF FATMI    M    53    Rashtriya Janata Dal

3    KIRTI AZAD    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    YUGESHWAR SAHNI    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    KUMARI SURESHWARI    F    60    Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party

6    MD. KHURSHID ALAM    M    46    Apna Dal

7    DURGANAND MAHAVIR NAYAK    M    37    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

8    MD. NIZAMUDDIN    M    36    Indian Justice Party

9    SATYANARAYAN MUKHIA    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

10    ABDUR RAHIM    M    49    Independent

11    GOVIND ACHARAY    M    27    Independent

12    BHARAT YADAV    M    54    Independent

13    LALBAHADUR YADAV    M    35    Independent

14    PROF. HARERAM ACHARAY    M    49    Independent

S04    15    BR    MUZAFFARPUR    23-Apr-09    1    CAPTAIN JAI NARAYAN PRASAD NISHAD    M    78    Janata Dal (United)

2    BHAGWANLAL SAHNI    M    57    Lok Jan Shakti Party

3    VINITA VIJAY    F    41    Indian National Congress

4    SAMEER KUMAR    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    JITENDRA YADAV    M    35    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6    DINESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA    M    32    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

7    DEVENDRA RAKESH    M    49    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

8    NEELU SINGH    F    36    Proutist Sarva Samaj

9    MAHENDRA PRASAD    M    63    Rashtriya Pragati Party

10    MITHILESH KUMAR    M    40    Rashtra Sewa Dal

11    MOHAMMAD SHAMIM    M    31    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

12    MD. RAHAMTULLAHA    M    37    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

13    RAM DAYAL RAM    M    48    All India Forward Bloc

14    REYAJ AHMAD ATISH    M    62    Jago Party

15    MD. SALEEM    M    36    Rashtravadi Janata Party

16    ASHOK KUMAR LALAN    M    37    Independent

17    AHMAD RAZA    M    31    Independent

18    GEORGE FERNANDES    M    78    Independent

19    TARKESHWAR PASWAN    M    38    Independent

20    VIJENDRA CHAUDHARY    M    42    Independent

21    VINOD PASWAN    M    35    Independent

22    SHAMBHU SAHNI    M    37    Independent

23    SADANAND KISHORE THAKUR    M    38    Independent

24    SYED ALAMDAR HUSSAIN    M    27    Independent

S04    16    BR    VAISHALI    23-Apr-09    1    RAGHUVANSH PRASAD SINGH    M    62    Rashtriya Janata Dal

2    VIJAY KUMAR SHUKLA    M    38    Janata Dal (United)

3    SHANKAR MAHTO    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    HIND KESRI YADAV    M    58    Indian National Congress

5    PUNAMRI DEVI    F    37    United Women Front

6    PRAMOD KUMAR SHARMA    M    27    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

7    BADRI PASWAN    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

8    BALAK NATH SAHANI    M    39    Indian Justice Party

9    LALJI KUMAR RAKESH    M    35    Rashtra Sewa Dal

10    BINOD PANDIT    M    29    Lokpriya Samaj Party

11    INDARDEO RAI    M    46    Independent

12    JITENDRA PRASAD    M    34    Independent

S04    21    BR    HAJIPUR    23-Apr-09    1    DASAI CHOWDHARY    M    52    Indian National Congress

2    MAHESHWAR DAS    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    RAM VILAS PASWAN    M    61    Lok Jan Shakti Party

4    RAM SUNDAR DAS    M    88    Janata Dal (United)

5    DINESH CHANDRA BHUSHAN    M    36    Loktantrik Samata Dal

6    NAND LAL PASWAN    M    47    Independent

7    PRATIMA KUMARI    F    33    Independent

8    RAJENDRA KUMAR PASWAN    M    54    Independent

9    RAM TIRTH PASWAN    M    59    Independent

10    VISHWA VIJAY KUMAR VIDHYARTHI    M    30    Independent

11    SANJAY PASHWAN    M    30    Independent

S04    22    BR    UJIARPUR    23-Apr-09    1    ASWAMEDH DEVI    F    40    Janata Dal (United)

2    ALOK KUMAR MEHTA    M    40    Rashtriya Janata Dal

3    RAMDEO VERMA    M    62    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4    VIJAYWANT KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    SHEEL KUMAR ROY    M    40    Indian National Congress

6    CHANDRA DEO ROY    M    48    Socialist Party (Lohia)

7    JAI NARAYAN SAH    M    53    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

8    JITENDRA KUMAR ROY    M    32    Shivsena

9    TOSHAN SAH    M    62    Rashtriya Pragati Party

10    MD. TAUKIR    M    40    Samata Party

11    MASSOD HASSAN    M    29    Muslim League Kerala State Committee

12    RAMNATH SINGH    M    36    Rashtra Sewa Dal

13    ARJUN SAHNI    M    28    Independent

14    PRADEEP KUMAR    M    41    Independent

15    BRAJESH KUMAR NIRALA    M    51    Independent

16    MANSOOR    M    42    Independent

17    MOHAN PAUL    M    47    Independent

18    MOHAMMAD KURBAN    M    43    Independent

19    RATAN SAHNI    M    46    Independent

20    RAM SAGAR MAHTO    M    45    Independent

21    SANJAY KUMAR JHA    M    36    Independent

22    SUJIT KUMAR BHAGAT    M    29    Independent

S04    23    BR    SAMASTIPUR    23-Apr-09    1    DR. ASHOK KUMAR    M    54    Indian National Congress

2    MAHESWER HAZARI    M    38    Janata Dal (United)

3    RAM CHANDRA PASWAN    M    47    Lok Jan Shakti Party

4    BINDESHWAR PASWAN    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    UPENDRA PASWAN    M    42    Loktantrik Samata Dal

6    JEEBACHH PASWAN    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7    RANDHIR PASWAN    M    27    Independent

8    RAJA RAM DAS    M    56    Independent

9    REKHA KUMARI    F    29    Independent

10    SHIVCHANDRA PASWAN    M    31    Independent

11    SATISH MAHTO    M    33    Independent

S05    1    GA    NORTH GOA    23-Apr-09    1    CHRISTOPHER FONSECA    M    55    Communist Party of India

2    JITENDRA RAGHURAJ DESHPRABHU    M    53    Nationalist Congress Party

3    RAUT PANDURANG DATTARAM    M    62    Maharashtrawadi Gomantak

4    SHRIPAD YESSO NAIK    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    UPENDRA CHANDRU GAONKAR    M    48    Shivsena

6    NARACINVA SURYA SALGAONKAR    M    51    Independent

7    MARTHA D’ SOUZA    F    55    Independent

S05    2    GA    SOUTH GOA    23-Apr-09    1    COSME FRANCISCO CAITANO SARDINHA    M    62    Indian National Congress

2    ADV. NARENDRA KESHAV SAWAIKAR    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    ADV. RAJU MANGESHKAR ALIAS RAJENDRA NAIK    M    52    Communist Party of India

4    ROHIDAS HARICHANDRA BORKAR    M    63    Save Goa Front

5    MATANHY SALDANHA    M    60    United Goans Democratic Party

6    DIAS JAWAHAR    M    53    Independent

7    DERICK DIAS    M    41    Independent

8    FRANCISCO ANTONIO JOAO DE PHILOMENO FERNANDES    M    66    Independent

9    MULLA SALIM    M    25    Independent

10    SALUNKE SMITA PRAVEEN    F    38    Independent

11    HAMZA KHAN    M    57    Independent

S09    5    JK    UDHAMPUR    23-Apr-09    1    ADREES AHMAD TABBASUM    M    45    Communist Party of India

2    BALBIR SINGH    M    53    Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party

3    PROF. BHIM SINGH    M    69    Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party

4    RAKESH WAZIR    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    CH. LAL SINGH    M    50    Indian National Congress

6    DR. NIRMAL SINGH    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

7    BODH RAJ    M    42    Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K

8    RAJESH MANCHANDA    M    40    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

9    KANCHAN SHARMA    F    40    Bharatiya Bahujan Party

10    MASTER WILLIAM GILL    M    60    All India Forward Bloc

11    ATUL SHARMA    M    30    Independent

12    DEV RAJ    M    57    Independent

13    MOHD. YOUSUF    M    46    Independent

14    NARESH DOGRA    M    40    Independent

S10    1    KA    CHIKKODI    23-Apr-09    1    KATTI RAMESH VISHWANATH    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    PRAKASH BABANNA HUKKERI    M    62    Indian National Congress

3    SHIVANAND WANTAMURI SIDDAMALLAPPA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    BANASHANKARI BHIMAPPA ITTAPPA    M    32    Independent

5    MALLAPPA MARUTI KHATANVE    M    60    Independent

6    YASHWANT MANOHAR SUTAR    M    32    Independent

7    SHAILA SURESH KOLI    F    37    Independent

S10    2    KA    BELGAUM    23-Apr-09    1    AMARSINH VASANTRAO PATIL    M    49    Indian National Congress

2    ANGADI SURESH CHANNABASAPPA    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    A. B. PATIL    M    56    Janata Dal (Secular)

4    RAMANAGOUDA SIDDANGOUDA PATIL    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    ALLAPPA RAMAPPA PATIL    M    31    Independent

6    KASTURI BASANAGOUDA BHAVI    F    40    Independent

7    MOHAN. H. GADIWADDAR    M    29    Independent

8    RAMCHANDRA MAREPPA TORGAL(CHALAWADI)    M    66    Independent

9    VIJAYKUMAR JEENDATTA UPADHYE    M    47    Independent

10    HANAJI ASHOK PANDU    M    28    Independent

S10    4    KA    BIJAPUR    23-Apr-09    1    ALMELKAR VILASABABU BASALINGAPPA    M    46    Janata Dal (Secular)

2    KANAMADI SUDHAKAR MALLESH    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    PRAKASH KUBASING RATHOD    M    48    Indian National Congress

4    RAMESH CHANDAPPA JIGAJINAGI    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    NARASAPPA TIPPANNA BANDIWADDAR    M    48    Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha

6    LAMANI CHANDRAKANT RUPASING    M    38    Lok Jan Shakti Party

7    ARAKERI NIRMALA SRINIVAS    F    35    Independent

8    CHALAWADI RAMANNA    M    54    Independent

9    SEVALAL SOMASHEKAR PURAPPA    M    46    Independent

10    HARIJAN AMBANNA TUKARAM    M    33    Independent

S10    5    KA    GULBARGA    23-Apr-09    1    BABU HONNA NAIK    M    55    Janata Dal (Secular)

2    MALLIKARJUN KHARGE    M    67    Indian National Congress

3    MAHADEV. B. DHANNI    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    REVUNAIK BELAMGI    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    DR. K. T. PALUSKAR    M    53    Prabuddha Republican Party

6    RAVIKUMAR SHALIMANI SEDAM    M    34    Ambedkar National Congress

7    SHANKER KODLA    M    73    Janata Dal (United)

8    SHANKAR JADHAV    M    48    Bharatiya Peoples Party

9    H.V. DIWAKAR    M    46    Independent

10    SHIVAKUMAR . KOLLUR    M    44    Independent

S10    6    KA    RAICHUR    23-Apr-09    1    K.DEVANNA NAIK    M    56    Janata Dal (Secular)

2    PAKKIRAPPA.S.    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RAJA VENKATAPPA NAIK    M    52    Indian National Congress

4    SHIVAKUMAR    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    COM II. V.H.MASTER    M    73    Independent

6    COMRADE V.MUDUKAPPA NAYAK    M    36    Independent

7    R.MUDUKAPPA NAYAK    M    44    Independent

8    K.SOMASHEKHAR    M    43    Independent

S10    7    KA    BIDAR    23-Apr-09    1    GURUPADAPPA NAGMARPALLI    M    25    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    JAGANNATH.R.JAMADAR    M    25    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    N.DHARAM SINGH    M    25    Indian National Congress

4    SUBHASH TIPPANNA NELGE    M    25    Janata Dal (Secular)

5    ADVOCATE MOULVI ZAMEERUDDIN    M    25    National Development Party

6    BHASKAR BABU PATERPALLI    M    25    Indian Christian Secular Party

7    SHRAVAN SANGONDA BHANDE    M    25    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

8    SUBHASH CHANDRA G.KHAPATE    M    25    Laghujan Samaj Vikas Party

9    AMRUTHAPPA.M.D    M    25    Independent

10    MD ARSHAD AHMED ANSARI    M    25    Independent

11    KHAJA SAMEEUDDIN KHAJA MOINUDDIN    M    25    Independent

12    JADHAV VENKAT RAO GYANOBA RAO    M    25    Independent

13    DONGAPURE SHANT KUMAR    M    25    Independent

14    DEVENDRAPPA SANGRAMAPPA PATIL    M    25    Independent

15    NARSAPPA MUTHANGI    M    25    Independent

16    PARMESHWAR RAMCHANDRA    M    25    Independent

17    PASHAMIYA ESMAIL SAB    M    25    Independent

18    BASWARAJ PAILWAN OKALLI    M    25    Independent

19    MANJILE MIYYA PEER SAB QURESH    M    25    Independent

20    MD OSMAN ALI LAKHPATI    M    25    Independent

21    MUFTI SHAIKH ABDUL GAFFAR QASMI    M    25    Independent

22    YEVATE PATIL SHRIMANT    M    25    Independent

23    YASHWANTH NARSING    M    25    Independent

24    SHIVARAJ TIMMANNA BOKKE    M    25    Independent

25    SAMEEUDDIN BANDELI    M    25    Independent

26    SURESH SWAMY TALGHATKER    M    25    Independent

27    SYED QUBUL ULLA HUSSIANI SAJID    M    25    Independent

S10    8    KA    KOPPAL    23-Apr-09    1    ANSARI IQBAL    M    50    Janata Dal (Secular)

2    BASAVARAJ RAYAREDDY    M    53    Indian National Congress

3    SHIVAPUTRAPPA GUMAGERA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SHIVARAMAGOUDA SHIVANAGOUDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    ZAKEER    M    30    Lok Jan Shakti Party

6    BASAVARAJ KARADI WADDARAHATTI    M    27    Janata Dal (United)

7    BHARADWAJ    M    63    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

8    ISHWARAPPA J    M    52    Independent

9    UPPARA HANUMANTAPPA    M    33    Independent

10    GOUSIA BEGUM    F    31    Independent

11    CHAKRAVARTI NAYAK T    M    70    Independent

12    CHANDRASHEKAR    M    37    Independent

13    NAJEER HUSAIN    M    41    Independent

14    PUJAR D.H    M    42    Independent

15    MAREMMA YANKAPPA    F    40    Independent

16    SHARABHAYYA HIREMATH    M    27    Independent

17    SHIVAKUMAR NAVALI SIDDAPPA TONTAPUR    M    44    Independent

18    HANDI RAFIQSAB    M    53    Independent

S10    9    KA    BELLARY    23-Apr-09    1    T. NAGENDRA    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    J. SHANTHA    F    35    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    N.Y. HANUMANTHAPPA    M    69    Indian National Congress

4    CHOWDAPPA    M    29    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

5    D. GANGANNA    M    59    Independent

6    B. RAMAIAH    M    60    Independent

7    A. RAMANJANAPPA    M    41    Independent

S10    12    KA    UTTARA KANNADA    23-Apr-09    1    ANANTKUMAR HEGDE    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    ALVA MARGARET    F    67    Indian National Congress

3    HADAPAD BASAVARAJ DUNDAPPA    M    28    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    V D HEGADE    M    68    Janata Dal (Secular)

5    ELISH KOTIYAL    M    44    Janata Dal (United)

6    D M GURAV    M    49    Shivsena

7    ABDUL RASHEED SHAIKH    M    44    Independent

8    UDAY BABU KHALVADEKAR    M    57    Independent

9    KHAZI RAHMATULLA ABDUL WAHAB    M    60    Independent

10    L P M NAIK    M    39    Independent

11    YASHWANT TIMMANNA NIPPANIKAR    M    58    Independent

S10    18    KA    CHITRADURGA    23-Apr-09    1    JANARDHANA SWAMY    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    M JAYANNA    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    DR. B THIPPESWAMY    M    37    Indian National Congress

4    M RATHNAKAR    M    42    Janata Dal (Secular)

5    SHASHISHEKAR NAIK    M    46    Rashtriya Janata Dal

6    M KUMBAIAH    M    56    Independent

7    GANESHA    M    48    Independent

8    K H DURGASIMHA    M    61    Independent

9    RAMACHANDRA    M    49    Independent

10    B SUJATHA    F    33    Independent

11    HANUMANTHAPPA TEGNOOR    M    59    Independent

S10    19    KA    TUMKUR    23-Apr-09    1    ASHOK    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    P. KODANDARAMAIAH    M    69    Indian National Congress

3    G.S. BASAVARAJU    M    67    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    S.P. MUDDAHANUMEGOWDA    M    55    Janata Dal (Secular)

5    SREE GOWRISHANKARA SWAMIGALU    M    63    Samajwadi Party

6    D.R. NAGARAJA    M    53    Independent

7    G. NAGENDRA    M    34    Independent

8    NIRANJANA C.S    M    29    Independent

9    MOHAMED KHASIM    M    47    Independent

10    SHASIBHUSHANA    M    34    Independent

S10    23    KA    BANGALORE RURAL    23-Apr-09    1    H.D.KUMARASWAMY    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)

2    TEJASVINI GOWDA    F    42    Indian National Congress

3    MOHAMED HAFEEZ ULLAH    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    C. P. YOGEESHWARA    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    C.THOPAIAH    M    56    Janata Dal (United)

6    I VENKATESWARA REDDY    M    55    Pyramid Party of India

7    AGNISHREENIVAS    M    30    Independent

8    D.KUMARASWAMY    M    43    Independent

9    KUMARASWAMY C    M    28    Independent

10    KRISHNAPPA    M    46    Independent

11    Y.CHINNAPPA    M    33    Independent

12    A CHOWRAPPA    M    44    Independent

13    DR. K PADMARAJAN    M    50    Independent

14    K.PUTTAMADEGOWDA    M    40    Independent

15    T.M.MANCHEGOWDA    M    62    Independent

S10    24    KA    BANGALORE NORTH    23-Apr-09    1    D. B. CHANDRE GOWDA    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    C. K. JAFFER SHARIEF    M    75    Indian National Congress

3    PADMAA K. BHAT    F    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    R. SURENDRA BABU    M    48    Janata Dal (Secular)

5    M. TIPPUVARDHAN    M    39    Bharatiya Praja Paksha

6    ANCHAN KHANNA    M    34    Independent

7    KANYA KUMAR    M    36    Independent

8    G S KUMAR    M    68    Independent

9    C. KRISHNAMURTHY    M    45    Independent

10    B K CHANDRA    M    38    Independent

11    T. R. CHANDRAHASA    M    45    Independent

12    ABDUL JALEEL    M    39    Independent

13    ZAFER MOHIUDDIN    M    48    Independent

14    JOSEPH SOLOMON    M    39    Independent

15    L. NAGARAJ    M    52    Independent

16    V. PRASANNA KUMAR    M    38    Independent

17    H. PILLAIAH    M    46    Independent

18    T. B. MADWARAJA    M    33    Independent

19    MEER LAYAQ HUSSAIN    M    42    Independent

20    K. A. MOHAN    M    51    Independent

21    S. M. RAJU    M    52    Independent

22    L. LAKSHMAIAH    M    64    Independent

23    MU. VENKATESHAIAH    M    50    Independent

24    VENKATESA SETTY    M    63    Independent

25    H. A. SHIVAKUMAR    M    30    Independent

26    K. SATHYANARAYANA    M    57    Independent

27    SYED AKBAR BASHA    M    50    Independent

28    N. HARISH GOWDA    M    33    Independent

S10    25    KA    BANGALORE CENTRAL    23-Apr-09    1    ZAMEER AHMED KHAN. B.Z    M    43    Janata Dal (Secular)

2    P. C. MOHAN    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    VIJAY RAJA SINGH    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    H.T.SANGLIANA    M    67    Indian National Congress

5    IFTHAQUAR ALI BHUTTO    M    37    Ambedkar National Congress

6    J.D.ELANGOVAN    M    64    Indian Justice Party

7    S M KRISHNA    M    44    Bharatiya Praja Paksha

8    B KRISHNA PRASAD    M    55    Proutist Sarva Samaj Party

9    A.S. PAUL    M    60    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

10    D.C. PRAKASH    M    41    Karnataka Thamizhar Munnetra Kazhagam

11    K.PRABHAKARA REDDY    M    61    Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha

12    T.K.PREMKUMAR    M    45    Pyramid Party of India

13    ABHIMANI NARENDRA    M    50    Independent

14    M.A. ASHWATHA NARAYANA SETTY    M    64    Independent

15    K UMA    F    46    Independent

16    UMASHANKAR    M    42    Independent

17    K.S.S.IYENGAR    M    77    Independent

18    B.M.KRISHNAREDDY    M    64    Independent

19    S.KODANDARAM    M    50    Independent

20    C.V.GIDDAPPA    M    55    Independent

21    A.CHANDRASHEKAR    M    45    Independent

22    JAYARAMA    M    60    Independent

23    K.NARASIMHA    M    38    Independent

24    B.K NARAYANA SWAMY    M    52    Independent

25    P.PARTHIBAN    M    34    Independent

26    MEER LAYAQ HUSSAIN    M    42    Independent

27    B.MOHAN VELU    M    39    Independent

28    R. RAJ    M    49    Independent

29    E. RAMAKRISHNAIAH    M    50    Independent

30    K.H.RAMALINGAREDDY    M    41    Independent

31    VIJAYA BHASKAR N    M    61    Independent

32    DR.D. R.VENKATESH GOWDA    M    82    Independent

33    SHAFFI AHMED    M    50    Independent

34    S.N. SHARMA    M    67    Independent

35    SHASHIKUMAR A.R    M    43    Independent

36    K.SHIVARAMANNA    M    55    Independent

37    SHAIK BAHADUR    M    54    Independent

S10    26    KA    BANGALORE SOUTH    23-Apr-09    1    ANANTH KUMAR    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    KRISHNA BYRE GOWDA    M    36    Indian National Congress

3    NAHEEDA SALMA S    F    47    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    PROF.RADHAKRISHNA    M    63    Janata Dal (Secular)

5    B.M.GOVINDRAJ NAIK    M    38    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

6    P.JOHNBASCO    M    37    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

7    VATAL NAGARAJ    M    60    Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha

8    B.SHIVARAMAPPA    M    62    Pyramid Party of India

9    ABHIMAANI NARENDRA    M    50    Independent

10    KHADER ALI KHAN    M    39    Independent

11    GANESH HANUMANTARAO MOKHASHI    M    58    Independent

12    CAPT. G.R. GOPINATH    M    57    Independent

13    K.C.JANARDHAN    M    46    Independent

14    DR.JAYALAKSHMI.H.G.    F    48    Independent

15    K.M.NARAYANA    M    54    Independent

16    MADESH.C    M    40    Independent

17    MURALIDHARA.D.J.    M    44    Independent

18    RAVI KUMARA.T.    M    26    Independent

19    SUGANDHARAJE URS    M    59    Independent

20    SANTHOSH MIN.B    M    33    Independent

S10    27    KA    CHIKKBALLAPUR    23-Apr-09    1    C.ASWATHANARAYANA    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    C.R.MANOHAR    M    29    Janata Dal (Secular)

3    M.VEERAPPA MOILY    M    69    Indian National Congress

4    HENNURU LAKSHMINARAYANA    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    M.RAMAKRISHNAIAH    M    40    Pyramid Party of India

6    M.VENKATESH    M    55    Bharatiya Praja Paksha

7    H.R.SHIVAKUMAR    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party

8    KRISHNAMURTHY .T    M    70    Independent

9    K.S.CHANDRASHEKARA RAO (AZAD)    M    54    Independent

10    L.NAGARAJ    M    52    Independent

11    G.NARAYANAPPA    M    62    Independent

12    A.N.BACHEGOWDA    M    50    Independent

13    G.B.MUTHUKUMAR    M    62    Independent

14    M.MUNIVENKATAIAH    M    64    Independent

15    M.RAMESH    M    30    Independent

16    RAVI GOKRE    M    32    Independent

17    G.N. RAVI    M    45    Independent

18    K.VENKATAREDDY    M    36    Independent

19    B.SHIVARAJA    M    40    Independent

20    Y.A.SIDDALINGEGOWDA    M    42    Independent

S10    28    KA    KOLAR    23-Apr-09    1    G.CHANDRANNA    M    56    Janata Dal (Secular)

2    K.H.MUNIYAPPA    M    61    Indian National Congress

3    N.MUNISWAMY    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    LAKSHMI SHANMUGAM    F    56    Nationalist Congress Party

5    D.S.VEERAIAH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party

6    K.R.DEVARAJA    M    51    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

7    B.M.KRISHNAPPA    M    59    Independent

8    M.R.GANTAPPA    M    46    Independent

9    P.V.CHANGALARAYAPPA    M    38    Independent

10    P.CHANDRAPPA    M    42    Independent

11    V.JAYARAMA    M    59    Independent

12    JAYARAMAPPA    M    45    Independent

13    NAGARATHNA M.    F    47    Independent

14    M.NAGARAJA    M    35    Independent

15    NARAYANASWAMY    M    49    Independent

16    K.NARAYANASWAMY    M    37    Independent

17    C.K.MUNIYAPPA    M    43    Independent

18    M.RAVI KUMAR    M    36    Independent

19    M.VENKATASWAMY    M    55    Independent

20    K.VENKATESH    M    40    Independent

21    SRINIVASA T.O.    M    37    Independent

22    SRINIVASA P.    M    42    Independent

S12    8    MP    KHAJURAHO    23-Apr-09    1    JAYAWANT SINGH    M    49    Samajwadi Party

2    JEETENDRA SINGH    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RAJA PATERYA    M    49    Indian National Congress

4    SEWA LAL PATEL    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    M. SHAKIL    M    38    Gondwana Mukti Sena

6    SAROJ BACHCHAN NAYAK    F    56    Janata Dal (United)

7    SURYA BHAN SINGH ‘YADAV GURUJI’    M    75    All India Forward Bloc

8    AKEEL KHAN    M    43    Independent

9    AKANCHHA JAIN    F    34    Independent

10    KRISHNA SHARAN SINGH (RAJA BHAIYA)    M    36    Independent

11    NARENDRA KUMAR    M    54    Independent

12    RAJENDRA AHIRWAR    M    43    Independent

13    RAM NATH LODHI    M    41    Independent

14    SHABNAM (MAUSI)    F    48    Independent

15    SHUKL SITARAM    M    48    Independent

S12    9    MP    SATNA    23-Apr-09    1    GANESH SINGH    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    PT. RAJARAM TRIPATHI    M    56    Samajwadi Party

3    SUKHLAL KUSHWAHA    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SUDHIR SINGH TOMAR    M    41    Indian National Congress

5    ONKAR SINGH    M    56    Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party

6    GIRJA SINGH PATEL    M    49    Apna Dal

7    CHHOTELAL SINGH GOND    M    65    Gondwana Mukti Sena

8    PRAMILA    F    43    Republican Party of India (A)

9    B BALLABH CHARYA    M    38    Advait Ishwasyam Congress

10    RAJESH SINGH BAGHEL    M    41    Gondvana Gantantra Party

11    SHOBHNATH SEN    M    29    Lok Jan Shakti Party

12    SUNDERLAL CHAUDHARI    M    64    Indian Justice Party

13    ASHOK KUMAR KUSHWAHA    M    33    Independent

14    ASHOK KUSHWAHA    M    28    Independent

15    CHHOTELAL    M    59    Independent

16    BHAIYALAL URMALIYA    M    62    Independent

17    MANISH KUMAR JAIN    M    31    Independent

18    MUNNI KRANTI    F    44    Independent

19    RAMVISHWAS BASORE    M    38    Independent

20    RAM SAJIVAN    M    46    Independent

21    RAMAYAN CHAUDHARI    M    39    Independent

S12    10    MP    REWA    23-Apr-09    1    CHANDRA MANI TRIPATHI    M    62    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    DEORAJ SINGH PATEL    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    PUSHPRAJ SINGH    M    48    Samajwadi Party

4    SUNDER LAL TIWARI    M    51    Indian National Congress

5    BADRI PRASAD KUSHWAHA    M    47    Apna Dal

6    RAMKISHAN NIRAT (SAKET)    M    32    Republican Party of India (A)

7    RAMAYAN PRASAD PATEL    M    42    Yuva Vikas Party

8    VIMALA SONDHIA    F    53    Lok Jan Shakti Party

9    SALMA    F    33    All India Forward Bloc

10    MD. AKEEL KHAN (BACHCHA BHAI)    M    34    Independent

11    JAIKARAN SAKET    M    48    Independent

12    BRAHMDUTTMISHRA ALIAS CHHOTE MURAITHA    M    46    Independent

13    SUKHENDRA PRATAP    M    44    Independent

14    SUNDAR LAL    M    37    Independent

15    HIRALAL VISHWAKARMA    M    56    Independent

S12    11    MP    SIDHI    23-Apr-09    1    ASHOK KUMAR SHAH    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    INDRAJEET KUMAR    M    61    Indian National Congress

3    GOVIND PRASAD MISHRA    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    MANIK SINGH    M    43    Samajwadi Party

5    LOLAR SINGH URETI    M    29    Gondwana Mukti Sena

6    VEENA SINGH NETI    F    34    Gondvana Gantantra Party

7    BABOOLAL JAISWAL    M    39    Independent

8    MADAN MOHAN JAISWAL (ADVOCATE)    M    36    Independent

9    MAHENDRA BHAIYA (DIKSHIT)    M    42    Independent

10    RAMAKANT PANDEY MALAIHNA    M    63    Independent

11    VEENA SINGH (VEENA DIDI)    F    56    Independent

S12    12    MP    SHAHDOL    23-Apr-09    1    CHANDRA PRATAP SINGH (BABA SAHAB)    M    51    Samajwadi Party

2    NARENDRA SINGH MARAVI    M    29    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    MANOHAR SINGH MARAVI    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    RAJESH NANDINI SINGH    F    52    Indian National Congress

5    SADAN SINGH BHARIA    M    39    Communist Party of India

6    KRISHN PAL SINGH PAVEL    M    29    Lok Jan Shakti Party

7    GANPAT GOND    M    38    Gondwana Mukti Sena

8    RAM RATAN SINGH PAVLE    M    28    Gondvana Gantantra Party

S12    13    MP    JABALPUR    23-Apr-09    1    AZIZ QURESHI    M    64    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA    M    40    Samajwadi Party

3    RAKESH SINGH    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    ADVOCATE RAMESHWAR NEEKHRA    M    61    Indian National Congress

5    MEERCHAND PATEL (KACHHVAHA)    M    63    Republican Party of India

6    RAVI MAHOBIA (KUNDAM)    M    29    Gondvana Gantantra Party

7    RAJKUMARI SINGH    F    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party

8    HARI SINGH MARAVI    M    36    Gondwana Mukti Sena

9    DR. MUKESH MEHROTRA    M    57    Independent

10    RAKESH SONKAR (PRAMUKH DHAI AKSHAR)    M    39    Independent

11    SUNIL PATEL    M    38    Independent

S12    14    MP    MANDLA    23-Apr-09    1    JALSO DHURWEY    F    25    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    FAGGAN SINGH KULASTE    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    BASORI SINGH MASRAM    M    59    Indian National Congress

4    UDAL SINGH DHURWEY    M    35    Loktanrik Sarkar Party

5    JHANK SINGH KUSHRE    M    37    Gondvana Gantantra Party

6    PREM SINGH MARAVI    M    35    Gondwana Mukti Sena

7    BHAGAT SINGH VARKEDE    M    45    Lok Jan Shakti Party

8    MANESHWARI NAIK    F    65    Republican Party of India (A)

9    SUNITA NETI    F    33    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

10    CHANDRA SHEKHAR DHURWEY    M    46    Independent

11    CHAMBAL SING MARAWEE    M    62    Independent

12    DEV SINGH BHALAVI    M    25    Independent

13    SHIVCHARAN UIKEY    M    26    Independent

14    SAHDEO PRASAD MARAVI    M    43    Independent

S12    15    MP    BALAGHAT    23-Apr-09    1    AJAB LAL    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    KISHOR SAMRITE    M    42    Samajwadi Party

3    KANKAR MUNJARE    M    52    Rashtriya Janata Dal

4    K. D. DESHMUKH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    VISHVESHWAR BHAGAT    M    57    Indian National Congress

6    KALPANA GOPAL WASNIK    F    38    Republican Party of India (A)

7    DARBU SINGH UIKEY    M    37    Gondwana Mukti Sena

8    BHAIYA BALKRISHNA    M    53    Gondvana Gantantra Party

9    ADVOCATE AZHAR UL ALIM    M    58    Independent

10    ANJU ASHOK UIKEY    F    34    Independent

11    GOVARDHAN PATLE URF HITLAR    M    75    Independent

12    JITENDRA MESHRAM    M    37    Independent

13    DHANESHWAR LILHARE    M    40    Independent

14    NYAZMIR KHAN    M    32    Independent

15    POORANLAL LODHI    M    37    Independent

16    MANSINGH BISEN    M    59    Independent

17    SANDEEP SANTRAM    M    31    Independent

18    SHRIRAM THAKUR    M    58    Independent

S12    16    MP    CHHINDWARA    23-Apr-09    1    KAMAL NATH    M    62    Indian National Congress

2    MAROT RAO KHAVASE    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RAO SAHEB SHINDE    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    JOGILAL IRPACHI    M    48    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5    PARDHESHI HARTAPSAH TIRKAM    M    40    Gondwana Mukti Sena

6    BALVEER SINGH YADAV    M    30    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

7    RAMKISHAN PAL    M    62    Republican Party of India (A)

8    SATAP SHA UIKEY    M    35    Gondvana Gantantra Party

9    ABDUL SHAMAD KHAN    M    45    Independent

10    AMRITLAL PATHAK RAGHUVAR    M    70    Independent

11    ASHARAM DEHARIYA    M    33    Independent

12    KAMALNATH (MAYAWADI-PARASIA)    M    31    Independent

13    GANARAM UIKEY    M    53    Independent

14    AZAD CHANDRASHEKHER PANDOLE SAMAJ SEVAK    M    42    Independent

15    JAGDISH BAIS    M    35    Independent

16    TULSIRAM SURYAWANSHI    M    62    Independent

17    DUARAM UIKEY    M    40    Independent

18    DHANPAL BHALAVI    M    35    Independent

19    DHANRAJ JAMBHATKAR    M    37    Independent

20    NARESH KUMAR YUVNATI    M    33    Independent

21    NIKHILESH DHURVEY    M    30    Independent

22    PITRAM UIKEY    M    48    Independent

23    PRAVINDRA NAURATI    M    37    Independent

24    MANMOHAN SHAH BATTI    M    46    Independent

25    R.K. MARKAM    M    28    Independent

26    SHOAIB KHAN    M    44    Independent

27    SUKMAN INVATI    M    42    Independent

28    SUBHASH SHUKLA    M    40    Independent

S12    17    MP    HOSHANGABAD    23-Apr-09    1    UDAY PRATAP SINGH    M    44    Indian National Congress

2    ADV.B.M.KAUSHIK    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    HAJAEE SYID MUEEN UDDIN    M    47    Samajwadi Party

4    RAMPAL SINGH    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    DINESH KUMAR AHIRWAR    M    42    Independent

6    BHARAT KUMAR CHOUREY    M    29    Independent

7    MOHAMMD ABDULLA    M    54    Independent

8    RAKHI GUPTA    F    31    Independent

9    RAMPAL    M    62    Independent

10    SUDAMA PRASAD    M    55    Independent

S12    18    MP    VIDISHA    23-Apr-09    1    DR.PREMSHANKAR SHARMA    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    CHOUDHARY MUNABBAR SALIM    M    50    Samajwadi Party

3    SUSHMA SWARAJ    F    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    BHAI MUNSHILAL SILAWAT    M    25    Republican Party of India (A)

5    RAMGOPAL MALVIYA    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

6    HARBHAJAN JANGRE    M    33    Lok Jan Shakti Party

7    GANESHRAM LODHI    M    44    Independent

8    RAJESHWAR SINGH YADAV (RAO)    M    39    Independent

S12    19    MP    BHOPAL    23-Apr-09    1    ER. ASHOK NARAYAN SINGH    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    KAILASH JOSHI    M    79    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    MHOD. MUNAWAR KHAN KAUSAR    M    44    Samajwadi Party

4    SURENDRA SINGH THAKUR    M    55    Indian National Congress

5    ASHOK PAWAR    M    47    Prajatantrik Samadhan Party

6    AHIRWAR LAKHANLAL PURVI    M    42    Republican Party of India (A)

7    KARAN KUMAR KAROSIA URF KARAN JEEJA    M    41    Gondvana Gantantra Party

8    RADHESHYAM KULASTE    M    38    Gondwana Mukti Sena

9    RAMDAS GHOSLE    M    54    Republican Party of India (Democratic )

10    SANJEEV SINGHAL    M    42    Savarn Samaj Party

11    ANIL SINGH    M    30    Independent

12    AMAR SINGH    M    72    Independent

13    KAPIL DUBEY    M    37    Independent

14    D. C. GUJARKAR    M    52    Independent

15    DARSHAN SINGH RATHORE    M    53    Independent

16    BRAJENDRA CHATURVEDI URF GAPPU CHATURVEDI    M    35    Independent

17    DR. MAHESH YADAV ‘AMAN GANDHI’    M    40    Independent

18    MUKESH SEN    M    32    Independent

19    MEHDI SIR    M    30    Independent

20    RAJESH KUMAR YADAV    M    42    Independent

21    RAM SAHAY YATRI (SHRIVASTAVA) URF RASHTRAVADI YATRI    M    79    Independent

22    SHAHNAWAZ    M    59    Independent

23    SHIV NARAYAN SINGH BAGWARE    M    60    Independent

S12    29    MP    BETUL    23-Apr-09    1    OJHARAM EVANE    M    54    Indian National Congress

2    JYOTI DHURVE    F    43    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RAMA KAKODIA    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    DR. SUKHDEV SINGH CHOUHAN    M    42    Samajwadi Party

5    KALLUSINGH UIKEY    M    59    Gondwana Mukti Sena

6    KADMU SINGH KUMARE (K.S.KUMARE)    M    59    Gondvana Gantantra Party

7    GULABRAV    M    53    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

8    MANGAL SINGH LOKHANDE    M    51    Samajwadi Jan Parishad

9    SUSHILKUMAR ALIS BALUBHAIYYA    M    39    Republican Party of India (A)

10    IMRATLAL MARKAM    M    58    Independent

11    KAMAL SING    M    45    Independent

12    KADAKSHING VADIVA    M    27    Independent

13    KRISHNA GOPAL PARTE    M    35    Independent

14    MOTIRAM MAVASE    M    48    Independent

15    ADHIVAKTA SHANKAR PENDAM    M    66    Independent

16    SUNIL KUMAR KAWADE    M    27    Independent

S13    1    MH    NANDURBAR    23-Apr-09    1    GAVIT MANIKRAO HODLYA    M    75    Indian National Congress

2    NATAWADKAR SUHAS JYANT    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    PADVI BABITA KARMSINGH    F    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    KOKANI MANJULABAI SAKHARAM    F    59    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5    GAVIT SHARAD KRUSHNRAO    M    46    Samajwadi Party

6    ABHIJIT AATYA VASAVE    M    30    Independent

7    KOLI RAJU RAMDAS    M    34    Independent

S13    2    MH    DHULE    23-Apr-09    1    AMARISHBHAI RASIKLAL PATEL    M    56    Indian National Congress

2    RIZWAN MO.AKBAR    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SONAWANE PRATAP NARAYANRAO    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    ANIL ANNA GOTE    M    61    Loksangram

5    ANSARI MOHD. ISMAIL MOHD. IBRAHIM    M    37    Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh

6    ARIF AHMED SHAIKH JAFHAR    M    99    Navbharat Nirman Party

7    KAVAYATRI-SONKANYA THAKUR RAJANI BAGWAN    F    49    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

8    NIHAL AHMED MOLVI. MOHAMMED USMAN    M    81    Janata Dal (Secular)

9    MD. ISMAIL JUMMAN    M    49    Independent

10    KISHOR PITAMBAR AHIRE    M    28    Independent

11    GAZI ATEZAD AHMED MUBEEN AHMED KHAN    M    57    Independent

12    GAIKWAD PATIL BHUSHAN BAJIRAO    M    28    Independent

13    DADASO. PANDITRAO PATIL KOKALEKAR    M    55    Independent

14    SHEVALE PATIL SANDEEP JIBHAU    M    31    Independent

15    SONAWANE PANDIT UTTAMRAO    M    42    Independent

S13    3    MH    JALGAON    23-Apr-09    1    A.T. NANA PATIL    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    ADV. MATIN AHMED    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    ADV. VASANTRAO JIVANRAO MORE    M    63    Nationalist Congress Party

4    ATMARAM SURSING JADHAV (ENGG.)    M    33    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

5    JADHAV NATTHU SHANKAR    M    56    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6    JANGALU DEVRAM SHIRSATH    M    65    Hindustan Janta Party

7    NANNAWARE CHAITANYA PANDIT    M    33    Prabuddha Republican Party

8    LAXMAN SHIVAJI SHIRSATH (PATIL)    M    42    Krantisena Maharashtra

9    ANIL PITAMBAR WAGH (SIR)    M    38    Independent

10    KANTILAL CHHAGAN NAIK (BANJARA)    M    39    Independent

11    WAGH SUDHAKAR ATMARAM    M    26    Independent

12    SHALIGRAM SHIVRAM MAHAJAN (DEORE)    M    49    Independent

13    SALIMODDIN ISAMODDIN SHE.(MISTARI)    M    56    Independent

S13    4    MH    RAVER    23-Apr-09    1    PATIL SURESH CHINDHU    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    ADV. RAVINDRA PRALHADRAO PATIL    M    54    Nationalist Congress Party

3    HARIBHAU MADHAV JAWALE    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    TELI SHAIKH ISMAIL HAJI HASAN    M    57    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5    BAPU SAHEBRAO SONAWANE    M    45    Prabuddha Republican Party

6    MARATHE BHIMRAO PARBAT    M    51    Krantisena Maharashtra

7    SHIVAVEER DNYANESHWAR VITTHAL AMALE URPH AMALE SARKAR    M    26    Shivrajya Party

8    IQBAL ALAUDDIN TADVI    M    41    Independent

9    UTTAM KASHIRAM INGALE    M    36    Independent

10    KOLI SANTOSH GOKUL    M    25    Independent

11    FIRKE SURESH KACHARU EX ACP (CRPF)    M    58    Independent

12    MAKBUL FARID SK.    M    36    Independent

13    MOHD. MUNAWWAR MOHD. HANIF    M    45    Independent

14    MORE HIRAMAN BHONAJI    M    41    Independent

15    D.D. WANI (PHOTOGRAPHER) (DYNESHWAR DIWAKAR WANI)    M    43    Independent

16    VIVEK SHARAD PATIL    M    41    Independent

17    SHAIKH RAMJAN SHAIKH KARIM    M    40    Independent

18    SUJATA IBRAHIM TADAVI    F    45    Independent

19    SANJAY PRALADH KANDELKAR    M    34    Independent

S13    18    MH    JALNA    23-Apr-09    1    DR. KALE KALYAN VAIJINATHRAO    M    46    Indian National Congress

2    DANVE RAOSAHEB DADARAO    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RATHOD RAJPALSINH GABRUSINH    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    AAPPASAHEB RADHAKISAN KUDHEKAR    M    29    Krantisena Maharashtra

5    KISAN BALVANTA BORDE    M    61    Prabuddha Republican Party

6    KHARAT ASHOK RAMRAO    M    51    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

7    TAWAR KAILAS BHAUSAHEB    M    45    Swatantra Bharat Paksha

8    DR. DILAWAR MIRZA BAIG    M    29    Indian Union Muslim League

9    BHOJNE BABASAHEB SANGAM    M    37    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

10    MISAL TUKARAM BABURAOJI    M    48    Samajwadi Party

11    RATNAPARKHE ARCHANA SUDHAKAR    F    31    Republician Party of India Ektawadi

12    SUBHASH FAKIRA SALVE    M    43    Ambedkar National Congress

13    SAYYAD MAKSUD NOOR    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party

14    KOLTE MANOJ NEMINATH    M    26    Independent

15    KHANDU HARISHCHANDRA LAGHANE    M    30    Independent

16    NADE DNYANESHWAR DAGDU    M    41    Independent

17    BABASAHEB PATIL SHINDE    M    53    Independent

18    SONWANE ASHOK VITTHAL    M    45    Independent

19    S. HUSAIN AHEMAD    M    37    Independent

S13    19    MH    AURANGABAD    23-Apr-09    1    UTTAMSINGH RAJDHARSINGH PAWAR    M    58    Indian National Congress

2    CHANDRAKANT KHAIRE    M    57    Shivsena

3    SAYYED SALIM SAYYED YUSUF    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    JAHAGIRDAR MOHMAD AYUB GULAM    M    55    Samajwadi Party

5    JYOTI RAMCHANDRA UPADHAYAY    F    35    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6    PANDURANG WAMANRAO NARWADE    M    39    Prabuddha Republican Party

7    BHIMSEN RAMBHAU KAMBLE    M    44    Republician Party of India Ektawadi

8    MANIK RAMU SHINDE    M    34    Krantisena Maharashtra

9    SHAIKH HARUN MALIK SAHEB    M    50    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

10    UTTAM MANIK KIRTIKAR    M    30    Independent

11    EJAZ KHAN BISMILLAH KHAN    M    33    Independent

12    KAZI MUSHIRODDIN TAJODDIN    M    63    Independent

13    KRISHNA DEVIDAS JADHAV    M    25    Independent

14    JADHAV TOTARAM GANPAT    M    51    Independent

15    JADHAV VISHNU SURYABHAN    M    50    Independent

16    JADHAV SUBHASH RUPCHAND    M    33    Independent

17    BANKAR MILIND RANUJI    M    38    Independent

18    SHANTIGIRIJI MOUNGIRIJI MAHARAJ    M    50    Independent

19    SHAIKH RAFIQ SHAIKH RAZZAK    M    30    Independent

20    SHAIKH SALIM PATEL WAHEGAONKAR    M    38    Independent

21    SAYYED RAUF SAYYED ZAMIR    M    54    Independent

22    SUBHASH KISANRAO PATIL (JADHAV)    M    47    Independent

S13    20    MH    DINDORI    23-Apr-09    1    GAVIT JEEVA PANDU    M    60    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    GANGURDE DIPAK SHANKAR    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    CHAVAN HARISHCHANDRA DEORAM    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    ZIRWAL NARHARI SITARAM    M    50    Nationalist Congress Party

5    PAWAR SAMPAT WAMAN    M    30    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6    GANGURDE BALU KISAN    M    37    Independent

7    BHIKA HARISING BARDE    M    75    Independent

8    VIJAY NAMDEO PAWAR    M    45    Independent

9    SHANKAR DEORAM GANGUDE    M    51    Independent

S13    21    MH    NASHIK    23-Apr-09    1    GAIKWAD DATTA NAMDEO    M    47    Shivsena

2    SAMEER BHUJBAL    M    35    Nationalist Congress Party

3    SHRIMAHANT SUDHIRDAS MAHARAJ    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    KAILAS MADHUKAR CHAVAN    M    28    Indian Justice Party

5    GODSE HEMANT TUKARAM    M    38    Maharashtra Navnirman sena

6    JADHAV NAMDEO BHIKAJI    M    57    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

7    RAYATE VIJAY SAKHARAM ( RAYATE SIR)    M    52    Hindustan Janta Party

8    AD. GULVE RAMNATH SANTUJI    M    42    Independent

9    DATTU GONYA GAIKWAD    M    50    Independent

10    PRAVINCHANDRA DATTARAM DETHE    M    42    Independent

11    BHARAT HIRMAN PARDESHI    M    37    Independent

12    RAJENDRA SAMPATRAO KADU    M    35    Independent

S13    32    MH    RAIGAD    23-Apr-09    1    ANANT GEETE    M    58    Shivsena

2    BARRISTER A.R. ANTULAY    M    80    Indian National Congress

3    MOHITE KIRAN BABURAO    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    EKANATH ARJUN PATIL    M    48    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

5    ADV. PRAVIN MADHUKAR THAKUR    M    39    Independent

6    DR. SIDDHARTH PATIL    M    54    Independent

7    SUNIL BHASKAR NAIK    M    51    Independent

S13    33    MH    MAVAL    23-Apr-09    1    PANSARE AZAM FAKEERBHAI    M    48    Nationalist Congress Party

2    BABAR GAJANAN DHARMSHI    M    66    Shivsena

3    MISHRA UMAKANT RAMESHWAR    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    AYU. DEEPALI NIVRUTTI CHAVAN    F    35    Prabuddha Republican Party

5    PRADIP PANDURANG KOCHAREKAR    M    49    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

6    ADV.SHIVSHANKAR DATTATRAY SHINDE    M    31    Krantisena Maharashtra

7    ISHWAR DATTATRAY JADHAV    M    46    Independent

8    JAGANNATH PANDURANG KHARGE    M    38    Independent

9    DOLE BHIMRAJ NIVRUTTI    M    38    Independent

10    ADVOCATE TUKARAM WAMANRAO BANSODE    M    64    Independent

11    TANTARPALE GOPAL YASHWANTRAO    M    43    Independent

12    ADVOCATE PRAMOD MAHADEV GORE    M    56    Independent

13    BHAPKAR MARUTI SAHEBRAO    M    38    Independent

14    MAHENDRA PRABHAKAR TIWARI    M    41    Independent

15    BRO. MANUAL DESOZA    M    45    Independent

16    YASHWANT NARAYAN DESAI    M    42    Independent

17    SHAKEEL RAJBHAI SHAIKH    M    38    Independent

18    HARIBHAU DADAJI SHINDE    M    70    Independent

S13    34    MH    PUNE    23-Apr-09    1    ANIL SHIROLE    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    KALMADI SURESH    M    64    Indian National Congress

3    D S K ALIAS D.S.KULKARNI    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    ARUN BHATIA    M    66    Peoples Guardian

5    GULAB TATYA WAGHMODE    M    47    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6    BAGBAN JAVED KASIM    M    26    Indian Union Muslim League

7    VIKRAMADITYA OMPRAKASH DHIMAN    M    40    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

8    VINOD ANAND SINH    M    55    Proutist Sarva Samaj Party

9    SHIROLE RANJEET SHRIKANT    M    32    Maharashtra Navnirman sena

10    SAVITA HAJARE    F    46    Pyramid Party of India

11    SANGHARSH ARUN APTE    M    28    Prabuddha Republican Party

12    AJAY VASANT PAITHANKAR    M    49    Independent

13    ADAGALE BHAUSAHEB RAMCHANDRA    M    48    Independent

14    ASHOK GANPAT PALKHE ALIAS SUTAR    M    45    Independent

15    KAMTAM ISWAR SAMBHAYYA    M    67    Independent

16    KULKARNI KAUSTUBH SHASHIKANT    M    26    Independent

17    KHAN AMANULLA MOHMOD AL    M    55    Independent

18    KHAN NISSAR TAJ AHMAD    M    44    Independent

19    P. K. CHAVAN    M    80    Independent

20    CHOUDHARI SUNIL GULABRAO    M    41    Independent

21    CHOURE VILAS CHINTAMAN    M    45    Independent

22    TATYA ALIAS NARAYAN SHANKAR WAMBHIRE    M    51    Independent

23    TAMBOLI SHABBIR SAJJANBHAI    M    52    Independent

24    DATTATRAYA GANESH TALGERI    M    61    Independent

25    BAGADE SACHIN MARUTI    M    29    Independent

26    BALU ALIAS ANIL SHIROLE    M    28    Independent

27    BHARAT MANOHAR GAVALI    M    65    Independent

28    BHAGWAT RAGHUNATH KAMBLE    M    35    Independent

29    RAJENDRA BHAGAT ALIAS JITU BHAI    M    29    Independent

30    VIKRAM NARENDRA BOKE    M    53    Independent

31    SHINDE RAJENDRA BABURAO    M    44    Independent

32    SHAIKH ALTAF KARIM    M    48    Independent

33    SHRIKANT MADHUSUDAN JAGTAP    M    33    Independent

34    SARDESAI KISHORKUMAR RAGHUNATH    M    42    Independent

35    ADV.SUBHASH NARHAR GODSE    M    59    Independent

36    SANTOSH ALIAS SOMNATH KALU PAWAR    M    38    Independent

S13    35    MH    BARAMATI    23-Apr-09    1    KUDALEPATIL VIVEK ANANT    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    KANTA JAYSING NALAWADE    F    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    SUPRIYA SULE    F    39    Nationalist Congress Party

4    MAYAWATI AMAR CHITRE    F    31    Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh

5    SHELAR SANGEETA PANDURANG    F    33    Krantisena Maharashtra

6    SACHIN VITTHAL AHIRE    M    29    Prabuddha Republican Party

7    SAMPAT MARUTI TAKALE    M    54    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

8    GHORPADE SAVEETA ASHOK    F    29    Independent

9    TATYA ALIAS NARAYAN SHANKAR WAMBHIRE    M    51    Independent

10    TANTARPALE GOPAL YESHWANTRAO    M    43    Independent

11    DEEPAK SHANKAR BHAPKAR    M    26    Independent

12    BHIMA ANNA KADALE    M    31    Independent

13    MRUNALEENI JAYRAJ KAKADE    F    34    Independent

14    YOGESH SONABA RANDHEER    M    39    Independent

15    SHIVAJI JAYSING KOKARE    M    58    Independent

16    SURESH BABURAO VEER    M    62    Independent

17    SANGITA SHRIMAN BHUMKAR    F    30    Independent

S13    36    MH    SHIRUR    23-Apr-09    1    ADHALRAO SHIVAJI DATTATRAY    M    52    Shivsena

2    ZAGADE YASHWANT SITARAM    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    VILAS VITHOBA LANDE    M    47    Nationalist Congress Party

4    PALLAVI MOHAN HARSHE    F    27    Prabuddha Republican Party

5    SHELAR DNYANOBA SHRIPATI    M    57    Republican Presidium Party of India

6    SURESH MULCHAND KANKARIA (MAMA)    M    57    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7    ABHANG KONDIBHAU BHIMAJI    M    48    Independent

8    KARANDE CHANGDEO NAMDEO    M    43    Independent

9    KALURAM RAGHUNATH TAPKIR    M    52    Independent

10    RAM DHARMA DAMBALE    M    37    Independent

11    LANDE VILAS MHATARBA    M    37    Independent

S13    37    MH    AHMADNAGAR    23-Apr-09    1    KARDILE SHIVAJI BHANUDAS    M    50    Nationalist Congress Party

2    KARBHARI WAMAN SHIRSAT ALIAS K.V. SHIRSAT    M    65    Communist Party of India

3    GADAKH TUKARAM GANGADHAR    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    GANDHI DILIPKUMAR MANSUKHLAL    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    KAZI SAJID MUJIR    M    41    Republician Party of India Ektawadi

6    HAKE BHANUDAS KISAN    M    55    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7    HOLE BHANUDAS NAMDEO    M    48    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

8    ARUN KAHAR    M    45    Independent

9    AVINASH MALHARRAO GHODAKE    M    40    Independent

10    KHAIRE ARJUN DEORAO    M    39    Independent

11    GAIKWAD BALASAHEB RAMCHANDRA    M    35    Independent

12    NAUSHAD ANSAR SHAIKH    F    39    Independent

13    PROF. MAHENDRA DADA SHINDE    M    29    Independent

14    RAUT EKNATH BABASAHEB    M    56    Independent

15    RAJIV APPASAHEB RAJALE    M    39    Independent

S13    38    MH    SHIRDI    23-Apr-09    1    KACHARU NAGU WAGHMARE    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    WAKCHOURE BHAUSAHEB RAJARAM    M    59    Shivsena

3    ATHAWALE RAMDAS BANDU    M    52    Republican Party of India

4    DHOTRE SUCHIT CHINTAMANI    M    25    Krantisena Maharashtra

5    SATISH BALASAHEB PALGHADMAL    M    26    Prabuddha Republican Party

6    ADHAGALE RAJENDRA NAMDEV    M    39    Independent

7    KAMBALE RAMESH ANKUSH    M    32    Independent

8    GAIKWAD APPASAHEB GANGADHAR    M    64    Independent

9    BAGUL BALU DASHARATH    M    34    Independent

10    MEDHE PRAFULLAKUMAR MURLIDHAR    M    46    Independent

11    RAKSHE ANNASAHEB EKNATH    M    43    Independent

12    RUPWATE PREMANAND DAMODHAR    M    65    Independent

13    LODHE SHARAD LAXAMAN    M    42    Independent

14    WAGH GANGADHAR RADHAJI    M    60    Independent

15    VAIRAGHAR SUDHIR NATHA    M    38    Independent

16    SABALE ANIL DAMODHAR    M    40    Independent

17    SANDIP BHASKAR GOLAP    M    29    Independent

S13    39    MH    BEED    23-Apr-09    1    KOKATE RAMESH BABURAO (ADASKAR)    M    42    Nationalist Congress Party

2    MASKE MACHHINDRA BABURAO    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    MUNDE GOPINATHRAO PANDURANG    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    KHALGE KACHRU SANTRAMJI    M    48    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5    GURAV KALYAN BHANUDAS    M    62    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

6    TATE ASHOK SANTRAM    M    50    Ambedkarist Republican Party

7    NIKALJE SHEELATAI MAHENDRA    F    34    Prabuddha Republican Party

8    PRAMOD ALIAS PARMESHWAR SAKHARAM MOTE    M    32    Krantisena Maharashtra

9    BABURAO NARAYANRAO KAGADE    M    63    Ambedkar National Congress

10    DR. SHIVAJIRAO KISANRAO SHENDGE    M    39    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

11    KAMAL KONDIRAM NIMBALKAR    F    39    Independent

12    KAMBLE DEEPAK DYANOBA    M    32    Independent

13    KHAN SIKANDAR KHAN HUSSAIN KHAN    M    58    Independent

14    GUJAR KHAN MIRZA KHAN    M    28    Independent

15    ADV.NATKAR RAMRAO SHESHRAO    M    61    Independent

16    PATHAN GAFARKHAN JABBARKHAN    M    42    Independent

17    MAHAMMAD AKARAM MAHAMMAD SALIMUDDIN BAGWAN    M    34    Independent

18    RAMESH VISHVANATH KOKATE    M    32    Independent

19    SAYYED MINHAJ ALI WAJED ALI (PENDKHJUR WALE)    M    34    Independent

20    SAYYED SALIM FATTU    M    47    Independent

21    SARDAR KHAN SULTANABABA    M    26    Independent

S13    40    MH    OSMANABAD    23-Apr-09    1    GAIKWAD RAVINDRA VISHWANATH    M    49    Shivsena

2    DIVAKAR YASHWANT NAKADE    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    PATIL PADAMSINHA BAJIRAO    M    68    Nationalist Congress Party

4    JAGTAP BHAGWAN DADARAO    M    70    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5    TARKASE DHANANJAY MURLIDHAR    M    34    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

6    TAWADE PRAKASH TANAJIRAO    M    28    Krantisena Maharashtra

7    BANSODE GUNDERAO SHIVRAM    M    73    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

8    BABA FAIJODDIN SHAIKH    M    28    Nelopa(United)

9    BHOSLE REVAN VISHWANATH    M    45    Janata Dal (Secular)

10    MUJAWAR SHAHABUDDIN NABIRASUL    M    37    Prabuddha Republican Party

11    RAJENDRA RANDITRAO HIPPERGEKAR    M    38    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

12    ANGARSHA SALIM BABULAL    M    62    Independent

13    GAIKWAD UMAJI PANDURANG    M    39    Independent

14    CHAVAN BABU VITHOBA    M    40    Independent

15    CHANDANE PINTU PANDURANG    M    35    Independent

16    DADASAHEB SHANKARRAO JETITHOR    M    50    Independent

17    NITURE ARUN BHAURAO    M    38    Independent

18    PATEL HASHAM ISMAIL    M    55    Independent

19    PAWAR HARIDAS MANIKRAO    M    35    Independent

20    PATIL MAHADEO DNYANDEO    M    50    Independent

21    BALAJI BAPURAO TUPSUNDARE    M    37    Independent

22    ADV. BHAUSAHEB ANIL BELURE (BEMBLIKAR)    M    29    Independent

23    MUNDHE PATRIL PADAMSINHA VIJAYSINHA    M    29    Independent

24    YEVATE-PATIL SHRIMANT    M    55    Independent

25    SANDIPAN RAMA ZOMBADE    M    41    Independent

S13    41    MH    LATUR    23-Apr-09    1    AAWALE JAYWANT GANGARAM    M    99    Indian National Congress

2    GAIKWAD SUNIL BALIRAM    M    99    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    ADV. BABASAHEB SADSHIVRAO GAIKWAD    M    99    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    ARAK ASHOK VIKRAM    M    99    Krantisena Maharashtra

5    V.K. ACHARYA    M    99    Prabuddha Republican Party

6    T.M. KAMBLE    M    99    Republican Party of India (Democratic )

7    GANNE TUKARAM RAMBHAU    M    99    Jan Surajya Shakti

8    BANSODE RAGHUNATH WAGHOJI    M    99    Peoples Republican Party

9    BABURAO SATYAWAN POTHHARE    M    99    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

10    RAMKUMAR RAIWADIKAR    M    99    Samajwadi Jan Parishad

11    SHRIKANT RAMRAO JEDHE    M    99    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

12    SUSANE ATUL GANGARAM    M    99    Ambedkarist Republican Party

13    SAHEBRAO HARIBHAU WAGHMARE    M    99    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

14    AAWCHARE VIJAYKUMAR BABRUWAN    M    99    Independent

15    KAMBLE BANSILAL RAMCHANDRA    M    99    Independent

16    NILANGAEKAR AVINASH MADHUKARRAO    M    99    Independent

17    MANE GAJANAN PANDURANG    M    99    Independent

18    SANJAY KABIRDAS GAIKWAD    M    99    Independent

S13    42    MH    SOLAPUR    23-Apr-09    1    GAIKWAD PRAMOD RAMCHANDRA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    ADV. BANSODE SHARAD MARUTI    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    SHINDE SUSHILKUMAR SAMBHAJIRAO    M    67    Indian National Congress

4    ADV. KASABEKAR SHRIDHAR LIMBAJI    M    59    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

5    RAJGURU NARAYAN YEDU    M    60    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6    LAXMIKANT CHANDRAKANT GAIKWAD    M    37    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

7    NARAYANKAR RAJENDRA BABURAO    M    44    Independent

8    NITINKUMAR RAMCHANDRA KAMBLE ALIAS NITIN BANPURKAR    M    37    Independent

9    BANSODE UTTAM BHIMSHA    M    50    Independent

10    BANSODE RAHUL DATTU    M    33    Independent

11    MILIND MAREPPA MULE    M    49    Independent

12    VIKRAM UTTAM KASABE    M    33    Independent

13    VIJAYKUMAR BHAGWANRAO UGHADE    M    38    Independent

S13    43    MH    MADHA    23-Apr-09    1    DESHMUKH SUBHASH SURESHCHANDRA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    PAWAR SHARADCHANDRA GOVINDRAO    M    68    Nationalist Congress Party

3    RAHUL VITTHAL SARWADE    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    AYU GAIKWAD SATISH SUGRAV    M    28    Prabuddha Republican Party

5    CHAVAN SUBHASH VITTHAL    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6    MAHADEO JAGANNATH JANKAR    M    40    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7    RAMCHANDRA NARAYAN KACCHAVE    M    40    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

8    SASTE KAKASAHEB MAHADEO    M    48    Krantisena Maharashtra

9    SOU. NAGMANI KISAN JAKKAN    F    45    Independent

10    DR.M. D. PATIL    M    50    Independent

11    BANSODE BALVEER DAGADU    M    42    Independent

12    BHANUDAS BHAGAWAN DEVAKATE    M    70    Independent

13    DR. MAHADEO ABAJI POL    M    56    Independent

14    SURESH SHAMRAO GHADGE    M    36    Independent

15    DNYANESHWAR VITTHAL AMALE    M    26    Independent

S13    44    MH    SANGLI    23-Apr-09    1    PATEL M.JAVED M. YUSUF    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    PRATIK PRAKASHBAPU PATIL    M    35    Indian National Congress

3    ASHOK DNYANU MANE(BHAU)    M    37    Swatantra Bharat Paksha

4    MANOHAR BALKRISHNA KHEDKAR    M    58    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5    MAHADEV ANNA WAGHAMARE    M    65    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

6    AJITRAO SHANKARRAO GHORPADE    M    56    Independent

7    ANSARI SHABBIR AHEMED    M    61    Independent

8    GANPATI TUKARAM KAMBLE ALIAS G.T. KAMBLE    M    70    Independent

9    PANDHARE DATTATRAYA PANDURANG    M    51    Independent

10    KAVTHEKAR PRAVIN BHAGWAN KAVTHEKAR ALIAS JIVA MAHALE    M    47    Independent

11    MULANI BALEKHAN USMAN    M    46    Independent

12    VAGARE MARUTI MURA    M    34    Independent

13    SHAMRAO PIRAJI KADAM    M    64    Independent

14    SIDDESHWAR SHIVAPPA BHOSALE    M    36    Independent

S13    45    MH    SATARA    23-Apr-09    1    CHAVAN PRASHANT VASANT    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    PURUSHOTTAM BAJIRAO JADHAV    M    45    Shivsena

3    BHONSLE SHRIMANT CHH. UDYANRAJE PRATAPSINH    M    43    Nationalist Congress Party

4    BHAUSAHEB GANGARAM WAGH    M    51    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

5    ALNKRITA ABHIJIT AWADE-BICHUKALE    F    29    Independent

S13    46    MH    RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG    23-Apr-09    1    DR.NILESH NARAYAN RANE    M    28    Indian National Congress

2    PARULEKAR JAYENDRA SHRIPAD    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SURESH PRABHAKAR PRABHU    M    55    Shivsena

4    AJAY ALIAS AABA DADA JADHAV    M    28    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

5    RAJESH PUSUSHOTTAM SURVE    M    41    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

6    VILASRAO KHANVILKAR    M    54    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

7    SIRAJ ABDULLA KAUCHALI    M    60    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

8    KHALAPE AKBAR MAHAMMAD    M    55    Independent

9    SURENDRA BORKAR    M    62    Independent

S13    47    MH    KOLHAPUR    23-Apr-09    1    KAMBLE SUHAS NIVRUTI    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    CHHATRPATI SAMBHAJIRAJE SHAHU    M    38    Nationalist Congress Party

3    DEVANE VIJAY SHAMRAO    M    50    Shivsena

4    KAMBLE MARUTI RAVELU    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5    CHOUGULE BHAI P.T.    M    64    Independent

6    DR. NEELAMBARI RAMESH MANDAPE    F    49    Independent

7    S.R. TATYA PATIL    M    70    Independent

8    BAJRANG KRISHNA PATIL    M    39    Independent

9    MAHAMMADGOUS GULAB NADAF    M    57    Independent

10    SADASHIVRAO MANDLIK DADOBA    M    74    Independent

S13    48    MH    HATKANANGLE    23-Apr-09    1    KANADE ANILKUMAR MAHADEV    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    MANE NIVEDITA SAMBHAJIRAO    F    45    Nationalist Congress Party

3    RAGHUNATH RAMCHANDRA PATIL    M    58    Shivsena

4    PATIL UDAY PANDHARINATH    M    39    Krantisena Maharashtra

5    BABURAO OMANNA KAMBLE    M    61    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

6    MANE ARVIND BHIVA    M    43    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

7    SHETTI RAJU ALIAS DEVAPPA ANNA    M    41    Swabhimani Paksha

8    ARUN ALIAS SHAM BAJARNAG BUCHADE    M    28    Independent

9    THORAT ANANDRAO TUKARAM    M    46    Independent

10    SURNIKE ANANDRAO VASANTRAO (FOUJI BAPU)    M    48    Independent

S18    4    OR    KEONJHAR    23-Apr-09    1    ANANTA NAYAK    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    DHANURJAYA SIDU    M    43    Indian National Congress

3    YASHBANT NARAYAN SINGH LAGURI    M    38    Biju Janata Dal

4    LACHHAMAN MAJHI    M    42    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5    DR SUDARSHAN LOHAR    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party

6    CHITTA RANJAN MUNDA    M    37    Independent

7    DR. FAKIR MOHAN NAIK    M    34    Independent

S18    5    OR    MAYURBHANJ    23-Apr-09    1    GAMHA SINGH    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    DROUPADI MURMU    F    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    LAXMAN TUDU    M    47    Biju Janata Dal

4    LAXMAN MAJHI    M    62    Indian National Congress

5    SUDAM MARNDI    M    43    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

6    LAXMISWAR TAMUDIA    M    68    Samajwadi Party

7    SUNDAR MOHAN MAJHI    M    65    Jharkhand Disom Party

8    DEVI PRASANNA BESRA    M    61    Independent

9    NARENDRA HANSDA    M    26    Independent

10    RAMESWAR MAJHI    M    29    Independent

S18    6    OR    BALASORE    23-Apr-09    1    ARUN JENA    M    47    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

2    ARUN DEY    M    63    Nationalist Congress Party

3    MAHAMEGHA BAHAN AIRA KHARABELA SWAIN    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    SHRADHANJALI PRADHAN    F    40    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    SRIKANTA KUMAR JENA    M    58    Indian National Congress

6    DEBASISH RANJAN DASH    M    37    Samruddha Odisha

7    RAKESH RANJAN PATRA    M    27    Jana Hitkari Party

8    GHASIRAM MOHANTA    M    66    Independent

9    LAXIMIKANTA BEHERA    M    51    Independent

S18    7    OR    BHADRAK    23-Apr-09    1    ANANTA PRASAD SETHI    M    58    Indian National Congress

2    ARJUN CHARAN SETHI    M    68    Biju Janata Dal

3    NITYANANDA JENA    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    RATH DAS    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    GOLAK PRASAD MALLIK    M    60    Independent

6    SUSANTA KUMAR JENA    M    31    Independent

S18    8    OR    JAJPUR    23-Apr-09    1    AMIYA KANTA MALLIK    M    50    Indian National Congress

2    PARAMESWAR SETHI    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    MOHAN JENA    M    52    Biju Janata Dal

4    AJIT KUMAR JENA    M    42    Samruddha Odisha

5    BABULI MALLIK    M    36    Orissa Mukti Morcha

6    BHIMSEN BEHERA    M    44    Jana Hitkari Party

7    UDAYA NATH JENA    M    29    Independent

8    KALANDI MALLIK    M    28    Independent

S18    9    OR    DHENKANAL    23-Apr-09    1    KRISHNA CHANDRA SAHOO    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    CHANDRA SEKHAR TRIPATHY    M    60    Indian National Congress

3    TATHAGATA SATPATHY    M    53    Biju Janata Dal

4    RUDRANARAYAN PANY    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    PRIYABRATA GARNAIK    M    28    Kalinga Sena

S18    14    OR    CUTTACK    23-Apr-09    1    ANADI SAHU    M    68    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    GOPAL CHANDRA KAR    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    BIBHUTI BHUSAN MISHRA    M    57    Indian National Congress

4    BHARTRUHARI MAHTAB    M    51    Biju Janata Dal

5    KAPILA CHARAN MALL    M    72    Bira Oriya Party

6    PRADIP ROUTRAY    M    40    Kalinga Sena

7    DEBANANDA SINGH    M    33    Independent

S18    15    OR    KENDRAPARA    23-Apr-09    1    JNANDEV BEURA    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    RANJIB BISWAL    M    38    Indian National Congress

3    LENIN LENKA    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    BAIJAYANT PANDA    M    45    Biju Janata Dal

5    PRATAP CHANDRA JENA    M    60    Samruddha Odisha

6    PRAVAKAR NAYAK    M    48    Kalinga Sena

7    RAMA KRUSHNA DASH    M    44    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

8    SARAT CHANDRA SWAIN    M    49    Independent

S18    16    OR    JAGATSINGHPUR    23-Apr-09    1    BAIDHAR MALLICK    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    BIBHU PRASAD TARAI    M    42    Communist Party of India

3    BIBHUTI BHUSAN MAJHI    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    RABINDRA KUMAR SETHY    M    54    Indian National Congress

5    AKSHAYA KUMAR SETHI    M    25    Samruddha Odisha

S18    17    OR    PURI    23-Apr-09    1    JITENDRA KUMAR SAHOO    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    DEBENDRA NATH MANSINGH    M    59    Indian National Congress

3    PINAKI MISRA    M    49    Biju Janata Dal

4    BRAJA KISHORE TRIPATHY    M    62    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    KSHITISH BISWAL    M    80    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6    SABYASACHI MOHAPATRA    M    35    Kalinga Sena

7    PRABHAT KUMAR BADAPANDA    M    42    Independent

S18    18    OR    BHUBANESWAR    23-Apr-09    1    AKSHAYA KUMAR MOHANTY    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    ARCHANA NAYAK    F    43    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    PRASANNA KUMAR PATASANI    M    66    Biju Janata Dal

4    SANTOSH MOHANTY    M    58    Indian National Congress

5    UMA CHARANA MISHRA    M    60    Jana Hitkari Party

6    NABAGHAN PARIDA    M    66    Bira Oriya Party

7    PRAFUL KUMAR SAHOO    M    38    Republican Party of India (A)

8    BASANTA KUMAR BEHERA    M    47    Kalinga Sena

9    BIJAYANANDA MISHRA    M    51    Lok Jan Shakti Party

10    JAGANNATH PRASAD LENKA    M    75    Independent

11    DHIRENDRA SATAPATHY    M    67    Independent

12    PRAMILA BEHERA    F    33    Independent

13    SASTHI PRASAD SETHI    M    47    Independent

S23    1    TR    TRIPURA WEST    23-Apr-09    1    NILMANI DEB    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    KHAGEN DAS    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3    SUDIP ROY BARMAN    M    45    Indian National Congress

4    SANJIB DEY    M    32    Nationalist Congress Party

5    ARUN CHANDRA BHOWMIK    M    63    All India Trinamool Congress

6    RAKHAL RAJ DATTA    M    60    Amra Bangalee

7    PARTHA KARMAKAR    M    40    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

8    TITU SAHA    M    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

9    BINOY DEB BARMA    M    49    Independent

10    SUBRATA BHOWMIK    M    58    Independent

S23    2    TR    TRIPURA EAST    23-Apr-09    1    PULIN BEHARI DEWAN    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    BAJU BAN RIYAN    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3    DIBA CHANDRA HRANGKHWAL    M    52    Indian National Congress

4    RITA RANI DEBBARMA    F    51    All India Trinamool Congress

5    KARNA DHAN CHAKMA    M    37    Amra Bangalee

6    FALGUNI TRIPURA    M    42    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

7    RAJESH DEB BARMA    M    34    Independent

8    BINOY REANG    M    34    Independent

9    MEVAR KUMAR JAMATIA    M    40    Independent

S24    37    UP    AMETHI    23-Apr-09    1    ASHEESH SHUKLA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    PRADEEP KUMAR SINGH    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RAHUL GANDHI    M    38    Indian National Congress

4    BHUWAL    M    56    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

5    MOHD.HASAN LAHARI    M    35    Bharatiya Republican Paksha

6    SUNITA    F    26    Mahila Adhikar Party

7    SURYABHAN MAURYA    M    45    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

8    AAVID HUSSAIN    M    31    Independent

9    OMKAR    M    46    Independent

10    KAPIL DEO    M    30    Independent

11    DILIP    M    36    Independent

12    MIHILAL    M    52    Independent

13    MEET SINGH    M    65    Independent

14    RAMESH CHANDRA    M    30    Independent

15    RAM SHANKER    M    43    Independent

16    SWAMI NATH    M    25    Independent

S24    38    UP    SULTANPUR    23-Apr-09    1    ASHOK PANDEY    M    58    Samajwadi Party

2    MOHD.TAHIR    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SURYA BHAN SINGH    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    DR.SANJAY SINGH    M    55    Indian National Congress

5    ANIL    M    35    Republican Party of India (A)

6    CHOTELAL MAURYA    M    40    Apna Dal

7    MOHD.UMAR    M    42    Peace Party

8    RAKESH    M    25    National Youth Party

9    RAJKUMAR PANDEY    M    36    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

10    TRIVENI PRASAD BHEEM    M    52    Bharatiya Republican Paksha

11    ARVIND KUMAR    M    46    Independent

12    AWADHESH KUMAR    M    30    Independent

13    KRISHNA NARAYAN    M    33    Independent

14    JHINKURAM VISHWAKARMA    M    33    Independent

15    PRAKASH CHANDRA    M    35    Independent

16    HARI NARAYAN    M    70    Independent

S24    39    UP    PRATAPGARH    23-Apr-09    1    KUNWAR AKSHAYA PRATAP SINGH ‘GOPAL JI’    M    41    Samajwadi Party

2    RAJKUMARI RATNA SINGH    F    49    Indian National Congress

3    LAKSHMI NARAIN PANDEY ‘GURU JI’    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    PROF. SHIVAKANT OJHA    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    ATIQ AHAMAD    M    46    Apna Dal

6    ARUN KUMAR    M    48    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

7    A. RASHID ANSARI    M    54    Momin Conference

8    RAJESH    M    36    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

9    ATUL DWIVEDI    M    29    Independent

10    UDHAV RAM    M    53    Independent

11    CHHANGALAL    M    56    Independent

12    JITENDRA PRATAP SINGH    M    40    Independent

13    DINESH PANDEY ALIAS D.K. PANDEY    M    34    Independent

14    BADRI PRASAD    M    48    Independent

15    MUNEESHWAR SINGH    M    65    Independent

16    RAMESH KUMAR    M    31    Independent

17    RAVINDRA SINGH    M    33    Independent

18    RANI PAL    F    58    Independent

19    RAMMURTI MISHRA    M    36    Independent

20    RAM SAMUJH    M    60    Independent

21    VINOD    M    29    Independent

22    SHIVRAM    M    51    Independent

23    SATRAM    M    42    Independent

S24    48    UP    BANDA    23-Apr-09    1    AMITA BAJPAI    F    39    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    BHAGAWAN DEEN GARG    M    47    Indian National Congress

3    BHAIRON PRASAD MISHRA    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    54    Communist Party of India

5    R. K. SINGH PATEL    M    49    Samajwadi Party

6    ASHOK KUMAR    M    40    Indian Justice Party

7    ANAND YADAV    M    45    United Communist Party of India

8    PARASHU RAM NISHAD    M    45    Apna Dal

9    LALIT KUMAR    M    37    Ambedkar Samaj Party

10    ANSH DHARI    M    29    Independent

11    JAGAN NATH SINGH    M    62    Independent

12    PRAKASH NARAYAN    M    32    Independent

13    BALENDRA NATH    M    38    Independent

14    MANOJ KUMAR    M    30    Independent

15    SHIV KUMAR    M    43    Independent

S24    50    UP    KAUSHAMBI    23-Apr-09    1    GIRISH CHANDRA PASI    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    GAUTAM CHAUDHARY    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RAM NIHOR RAKESH    M    64    Indian National Congress

4    SHAILENDRA KUMAR    M    51    Samajwadi Party

5    UMESH CHANDRA PASI    M    40    Apna Dal

6    GULAB SONKAR    M    45    Indian Justice Party

7    GULAB CHANDRA    M    39    Independent

8    JAGDEO    M    53    Independent

9    MAN SINGH    M    28    Independent

10    RAM SARAN    M    56    Independent

S24    51    UP    PHULPUR    23-Apr-09    1    KAPIL MUNI KARWARIYA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    KARAN SINGH PATEL    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    DHARMARAJ SINGH PATEL    M    50    Indian National Congress

4    SHYAMA CHARAN GUPTA    M    63    Samajwadi Party

5    CHANDRAJEET    M    28    Lok Dal

6    DEVENDRA PRATAP SINGH    M    38    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

7    PRADEEP KUMAR SRIVASTAVA    M    49    Apna Dal

8    LALLAN SINGH    M    35    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

9    VIJAY KUMAR    M    56    Gondwana Mukti Sena

10    SATISH YADAV    M    34    Indian Justice Party

11    SANJEEV KUMAR MISHRA    M    30    Yuva Vikas Party

12    KRISHNA KUMAR    M    33    Independent

13    DR. NEERAJ    M    43    Independent

14    BHARAT LAL    M    52    Independent

15    DR. MILAN MUKHERJEE    M    67    Independent

16    MUNISHWAR SINGH MAURYA    M    65    Independent

17    RADHIKA PAL    F    34    Independent

18    RADHESHYAM SINGH YADAV    M    72    Independent

19    RAM JANM YADAV    M    31    Independent

20    RAMSHANKAR    M    47    Independent

21    VIRENDRA PAL SINGH    M    66    Independent

22    SHAILENDRA KUMAR PRAJAPATI    M    40    Independent

23    SAMAR BAHADUR SHARMA    M    40    Independent

24    DR. SONE LAL PATEL    M    59    Independent

S24    52    UP    ALLAHABAD    23-Apr-09    1    ASHOK KUMAR BAJPAI    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    YOGESH SHUKLA    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    KUNWAR REWATI RAMAN SINGH ALIAS MANI JI    M    65    Samajwadi Party

4    SHYAM KRISHNA PANDEY    M    65    Indian National Congress

5    OM PRAKASH    M    41    Rashtriya Machhua Samaj Party

6    GULAB GRAMEEN    M    47    Lok Dal

7    BIHARI LAL SHARMA    M    54    Apna Dal

8    BAIJAL KUMAR    M    48    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)

9    RAMA KANT    M    47    Indian Justice Party

10    RAJESH PASI    M    32    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

11    RAM PARIKHAN SINGH    M    59    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

12    VIJAY SHANKAR    M    45    Bahujan Shakty

13    SARFUDDIN    M    32    Nelopa(United)

14    AKBAL MOHAMMD    M    34    Independent

15    AJUG NARAIN    M    33    Independent

16    ABHAY SRIVASTAVA    M    31    Independent

17    KM. KUSUM KUMARI AD    F    45    Independent

18    GOPAL SWROOP JOSHI    M    62    Independent

19    NARENDRA KUMAR TEWARI    M    47    Independent

20    BAJRANG DUTT    M    36    Independent

21    MUNNU PRASAD    M    44    Independent

22    RAVI PRAKASH    M    41    Independent

23    RAKESH KUMAR    M    47    Independent

24    RAJ BALI    M    51    Independent

25    RAM GOVIND    M    46    Independent

26    RAM JEET    M    38    Independent

27    RAM LAL    M    46    Independent

28    KM. SHASHI PANDEY    F    45    Independent

29    DR. MOHD. SALMAN RASHIDI    M    57    Independent

30    SADHNA AGARWAL    F    47    Independent

31    HIRA LAL    M    54    Independent

S24    54    UP    FAIZABAD    23-Apr-09    1    NIRMAL KHATRI    M    58    Indian National Congress

2    BIMLENDRA MOHAN PRATAP MISRA “PAPPU BHAIYA”    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    MITRASEN    M    76    Samajwadi Party

4    LALLU SINGH    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    AJAY KUMAR    M    25    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

6    ATUL KUMAR PANDEY    M    39    The Humanist Party of India

7    AMAR NATH JAISWAL    M    44    Rashtriya Kranti Party

8    GIRISH CHANDRA VERMA    M    32    Apna Dal

9    GULAM SABIR    M    42    Navbharat Nirman Party

10    CHANDRASHEKHAR SINGH    M    36    Bharat Punarnirman Dal

11    NUSRAT QUDDUSI ALIAS BABLOO    M    41    Peace Party

12    MANISH KUMAR PANDEY    M    35    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

13    SAIYYAD MUSHEER AHMED    M    55    Awami Party

14    RAMESH KUMAR RAWAT    M    42    Maulik Adhikar Party

15    SUSHIL KUMAR    M    45    Bharatiya Lok Kalyan Dal

16    ATAURR RAHMAN ANSARI    M    52    Independent

17    AMARNATH VERMA    M    36    Independent

18    DINA NATH PANDEY    M    35    Independent

19    NASREEN BANO    F    38    Independent

20    BALAK RAM ALIAS SHIV BALAK PASI    M    34    Independent

21    RAM DHIRAJ    M    46    Independent

22    SWAMI NATH    M    29    Independent

23    SIYARAM KORI    M    50    Independent

S24    55    UP    AMBEDKAR NAGAR    23-Apr-09    1    RAKESH PANDEY    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    VINAY KATIYAR    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    SHANKHLAL MAJHI    M    54    Samajwadi Party

4    DINESH KUMAR RAJBHAR    M    33    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

5    BASANT LAL    M    53    Peace Party

6    BAL MUKUND DHURIYA    M    31    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

7    BHARTHARI    M    44    Bharatiya Republican Paksha

8    MANSHARAM    M    40    Maulik Adhikar Party

9    LALMAN    M    34    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

10    VIJAY KUMAR MAURYA    M    38    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

11    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    50    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

12    IFTEKHAR AHMAD    M    37    Independent

13    KAILASH KUMAR SHUKLA    M    60    Independent

14    GAYADEEN    M    43    Independent

15    CHANDRA BHUSHAN    M    61    Independent

16    DEO PRASAD MISHRA    M    42    Independent

17    NABAB ALI    M    55    Independent

18    PARASHU RAM    M    49    Independent

19    PATANJALI JAITALI    M    58    Independent

20    RAM SUKH SAHOO    M    50    Independent

21    DR. LAL BAHADUR    M    42    Independent

22    SRIRAM AMBESH    M    61    Independent

S24    57    UP    KAISERGANJ    23-Apr-09    1    MOHD ALEEM    M    46    Indian National Congress

2    BRIJBHUSHAN SARAN SINGH    M    52    Samajwadi Party

3    DR LALTA PRASAD MISHRA ALIS DR L P MISHRA    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    SURENDRA NATH AWASTHI    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    ZAMEER AHAMAD    M    53    Ambedkar National Congress

6    DAYA RAM    M    41    Peoples Democratic Forum

7    MANOJ KUMAR    M    33    Lok Dal

8    RAM PRAKSH    M    39    Republican Party of India (A)

9    RAMENDER DEV PATHAK    M    60    Peace Party

10    HAFEEZ    M    47    Apna Dal

11    ANOKHI LAL    M    49    Independent

12    OM PRAKASH    M    35    Independent

13    UDAI RAJ    M    52    Independent

14    CHANDRA BHAN    M    42    Independent

15    JAGDISH    M    40    Independent

16    JAGDISH PRASAD    M    38    Independent

17    JITENDRA BAHADUR    M    57    Independent

18    PARAMHANS SINGH    M    33    Independent

19    RAJ KISHORE SINGH    M    38    Independent

20    RADHEYSHYAM BOAT    M    62    Independent

21    RAMFEER ALIS CHUNTI    M    59    Independent

22    VINESH KUMAR    M    32    Independent

23    VIMAL VERMA    M    30    Independent

S24    58    UP    SHRAWASTI    23-Apr-09    1    RIZVAN ZAHEER    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    RUBAB SAIDA    F    58    Samajwadi Party

3    VINAY KUMAR ALIAS VINNU    M    45    Indian National Congress

4    SATYA DEO SINGH    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    ARUN KUMAR    M    33    Ambedkar National Congress

6    KULDEEP    M    44    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

7    RAJESHWAR MISHRA    M    28    Peace Party

8    RAM ADHAR    M    62    Republican Party of India (A)

9    TEJ BAHADUR    M    32    Independent

10    RAM SUDHI    M    38    Independent

11    VINOD KUMAR PANDEY    M    27    Independent

S24    59    UP    GONDA    23-Apr-09    1    DR ACHUTANANDDUBE    M    64    Nationalist Congress Party

2    KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH RAJA BAIYA    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    BENI PRASAD VERMA    M    68    Indian National Congress

4    RAM PRATAP SINGH    M    58    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    VINOD KUMAR SINGH ALIAS PANDIT SINGH    M    42    Samajwadi Party

6    ASHIQ ALI    M    46    Peace Party

7    OM PRAKASH SINGH    M    54    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

8    PREM KUMAR    M    26    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

9    RAJENDRA PRASAD1    M    55    Ambedkar National Congress

10    RAM KEWAL    M    41    Vanchit Jamat Party

11    RAM LOCHAN    M    46    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

12    VIDYA SAGAR    M    36    Apna Dal

13    HARSH VARDHAN PANDEY    M    33    Lok Dal

14    AKILENDRA KUMAR PATHAK    M    34    Independent

15    ANURADHA PATEL    F    42    Independent

16    OM PRAKASH    M    47    Independent

17    GAGNGA DHAR SHUKLA    M    38    Independent

18    DEEPAK    M    31    Independent

19    NARENDRA SINGH    M    34    Independent

20    BAIJNATH    M    30    Independent

21    RAJENDRA PRASAD    M    28    Independent

22    RADHEY SHYAM    M    59    Independent

23    RAM PRASAD    M    61    Independent

24    RAM LAKHAN    M    54    Independent

25    SATYA PRAKASH    M    39    Independent

S24    60    UP    DOMARIYAGANJ    23-Apr-09    1    JAGDAMBIKA PAL    M    59    Indian National Congress

2    JAI PRATAP SINGH    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    MATA PRASAD PANDEY    M    72    Samajwadi Party

4    MOHD. MUQUEEM    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    INAMULLAH CHAUDHARY    M    66    Peace Party

6    JITENDRA PRATAP SINGH    M    46    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

7    PINGAL PRASAD    M    41    Republican Party of India

8    BALKRISHNA    M    39    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)

9    MUKHDEV    M    41    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

10    RAJDEV    M    35    Bharatiya Eklavya Party

11    RAM SAMUJH    M    41    Bharatiya Jan Berojgar Chhatra Dal

12    RAHUL SANGH PRIYA BHARTI    M    36    Indian Justice Party

13    HARISHANKAR    M    45    Lok Jan Shakti Party

14    MOTILAL VIDHYARTHI    M    59    Independent

15    RAM KRIPAL    M    58    Independent

16    SIRAJ AHAMAD    M    26    Independent

S24    61    UP    BASTI    23-Apr-09    1    ARVIND KUMAR CHAUDHARY    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    BASANT CHAUDHARY    M    43    Indian National Congress

3    RAJ KISHOR SINGH    M    38    Samajwadi Party

4    DR. Y. D. SINGH    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    OM PRAKASH    M    40    Vanchit Jamat Party

6    DAYASHANKAR PATWA    M    57    Peace Party

7    DALBAG SINGH    M    50    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)

8    RAM NAYAN PATEL    M    49    Apna Dal

9    VINOD KUMAR RAJBHAR    M    33    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

10    SHIVDAS    M    50    Shoshit Samaj Dal

11    SANJEEV KUMAR NISHAD    M    27    Bahujan Uday Manch

12    SITARAM NISHAD    M    63    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

13    RAM LALAN YADAV    M    36    Independent

14    SHIV POOJAN ARYA    M    52    Independent

15    SATYADEV OJHA    M    70    Independent

16    SATISH CHANDRA SHARMA    M    40    Independent

S24    62    UP    SANT KABIR NAGAR    23-Apr-09    1    KAMLA KANT CHAUDHARY    M    41    Communist Party of India

2    FAZLEY MAHAMOOD    M    41    Indian National Congress

3    BHAL CHANDRA YADAV    M    42    Samajwadi Party

4    BHISMA SHANKAR ALIAS KUSHAL TIWARI    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    SHARAD TRIPATHI    M    35    Bharatiya Janata Party

6    INDRA KUMAR    M    37    Bahujan Uday Manch

7    KRISHNA NAND MISHRA    M    38    All India Minorities Front

8    KHELADI    M    35    Bharatiya Republican Paksha

9    JANTRI LAL    M    37    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

10    PANCHOO BELDAR    M    48    Ambedkar Samaj Party

11    RAJESH SINGH    M    37    Peace Party

12    RAM ACHAL    M    34    Maulik Adhikar Party

13    RAM AVADH NISHAD    M    62    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

14    LOTAN ALIAS LAUTAN PRASAD    M    47    Shoshit Samaj Dal

15    VINOD RAI    M    38    National Lokhind Party

16    ANJU    F    28    Independent

17    JOOGESH YADAV    M    35    Independent

18    NITYANAND MANI TRIPATHI    M    35    Independent

19    PHOOLDEO    M    49    Independent

20    RAMESH    M    26    Independent

21    VINAY PANDEY    M    31    Independent

22    SHRI BABA RAM CHANDRA    M    52    Independent

23    SUSHILA JIGYASU    F    29    Independent

24    HARISH CHANDRA    M    32    Independent

S24    73    UP    JAUNPUR    23-Apr-09    1    DHANANJAY SINGH    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    PARAS NATH YADAVA    M    54    Samajwadi Party

3    SEEMA    F    37    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    ACHHEYLAL NISHAD    M    61    Nelopa(United)

5    GIRAJA SHANKAR YADAVA    M    49    Gondvana Gantantra Party

6    GEETA SINGH    F    46    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

7    BAHADUR SONKAR    M    48    Indian Justice Party

8    RAVI SHANKAR    M    38    Lok Jan Shakti Party

9    RAJKISHUN    M    26    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

10    RAJESH S/O RAMESHCHANDRA    M    30    Apna Dal

11    RAJESH S/O RAMYAGYA    M    32    Eklavya Samaj Party

12    RAMCHANDAR    M    52    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

13    SHEETALA PRASAD    M    51    Revolutionary Socialist Party

14    AJAY KASYAP – GUDDU    M    26    Independent

15    JAGDISH CHANDRA ASTHANA    M    62    Independent

16    TASLEEM AHMED REHMANI    M    45    Independent

S24    78    UP    BHADOHI    23-Apr-09    1    DR. AKHILESH KUMAR DWIVEDI    M    41    Nationalist Congress Party

2    GORAKHNATH    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    CHHOTELAL BIND    M    53    Samajwadi Party

4    DR. MAHENDRA NATH PANDEY    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    SURYMANI TIWARI    M    60    Indian National Congress

6    JAJ LAL    M    47    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

7    NANDLAL    M    56    Vikas Party

8    RAMRATEE BIND    M    74    Apna Dal

9    THAKUR SANTOSH KUMAR    M    27    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

10    SHAHID    M    42    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

11    GAURISHANKAR    M    38    Independent

12    JEETENDRA    M    30    Independent

13    TEJ BAHADUR YADAV ADVOCATE    M    56    Independent

S27    1    JH    RAJMAHAL    23-Apr-09    1    CHANDRA SHEKHAR AZAD    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    JYOTIN SOREN    M    59    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3    THOMAS HASDA    M    58    Rashtriya Janata Dal

4    DEVIDHAN BESRA    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    HEMLAL MURMU    M    54    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

6    AAMELIYA HANSDA    F    29    Revolutionary Socialist Party

7    CHARAN MURMU    M    33    Shivsena

8    DAUD MARANDI    M    25    Samajwadi Party

9    SUKHWA URAON    M    33    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

10    SUNDAR TUDU    M    45    Bharatiya Jagaran Party

11    SOM MARANDI    M    44    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

12    STIPHEN MARANDI    M    55    Jharkhand Jan Morcha

S27    2    JH    DUMKA    23-Apr-09    1    CHURKA TUDU    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    PASHUPATI KOL    M    29    Communist Party of India

3    RAMESH TUDU    M    34    Rashtriya Janata Dal

4    SHIBU SOREN    M    64    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5    SUNIL SOREN    M    30    Bharatiya Janata Party

6    ARJUN PUJHAR    M    33    Samajwadi Party

7    NIRMALA MURMU    F    33    Revolutionary Socialist Party

8    PHATIK CHANDRA HEMBRAM    M    64    All Jharkhand Students Union

9    BITIYA MANJHI    F    53    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

10    RAMESH HEMBROM    M    39    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

11    RAMJIVAN DEHRI    M    35    Samata Party

12    KALESHWAR SOREN    M    38    Independent

13    CHARLES MURMU    M    27    Independent

14    NANDLAL SOREN    M    55    Independent

15    PULICE HEMRAM    M    31    Independent

16    BIVISAN PUJHAR    M    50    Independent

17    CYRIL HANSDA    M    63    Independent

18    SONA MURMU    F    56    Independent

19    HOPNA BASKI    M    57    Independent

S27    3    JH    GODDA    23-Apr-09    1    IQBAL DURRANI    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    DURGA SOREN    M    39    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

3    NISHIKANT DUBEY    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    FURKAN ANSARI    M    61    Indian National Congress

5    ASHOK SHARMA    M    39    Jharkhand Party

6    GEETA MANDAL    F    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7    GOVIND LAL MARANDI    M    39    Revolutionary Socialist Party

8    JAWAHAR LAL YADAV    M    31    Lok Jan Shakti Party

9    NANDLAL YADAV    M    39    Samajwadi Party

10    NIRANJAN PRASAD YADAV    M    33    Rashtrawadi Sena

11    PRADEEP YADAV    M    42    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

12    PRADEEP YADAV    M    25    Samata Party

13    BINOD MEHARIA    M    56    Bahujan Shakty

14    RAJ NARAYAN KHAWADE    M    42    AJSU Party

15    SANTOSH KUMAR RAY    M    26    All India Trinamool Congress

16    SURAJ MANDAL    M    61    Jharkhand Vikas Dal

17    JAYSWAL MANJHI    M    38    Independent

18    JAHIR MUSTAKIM    M    35    Independent

19    MANOJ KUMAR MANDAL    M    35    Independent

20    MITHILESH PASWAN    M    38    Independent

21    MD. MOAJJAM ALI CHANCHAL    M    38    Independent

22    SHANKAR PRASAD KESHARI    M    39    Independent

23    SANJEEV KUMAR    M    27    Independent

S27    6    JH    GIRIDIH    23-Apr-09    1    AKLU RAM MAHTO    M    65    Communist Party of India

2    TEKLAL MAHTO    M    57    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

3    BIJAY SINGH    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    RAVINDRA KUMAR PANDEY    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    MD. HIMAYUN ANSARI    M    72    Rashtriya Janata Dal

6    MRINAL KANTI DEV    M    61    Socialist Party (Lohia)

7    RAVINDER MAHTO    M    43    Jharkhand Party (Naren)

8    SHIVA MAHTO    M    75    Marxist Co-Ordination

9    SABA AHMAD    M    62    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

10    INDRA DEV MAHTO    M    45    Independent

11    UMESH RISHI    M    43    Independent

12    NAND KISHOR PRASAD    M    64    Independent

13    BUDDHI NATH TIWARY    M    41    Independent

14    MAHAVIR PRASAD    M    36    Independent

15    MASOOM RAJA ANSARI    M    27    Independent

16    LALOO KEWAT    M    46    Independent

17    SHANKAR RAJAK    M    38    Independent

S27    7    JH    DHANBAD    23-Apr-09    1    CHANDRASHEKHAR DUBEY    M    66    Indian National Congress

2    PASHUPATI NATH SINGH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    SAMARESH SINGH    M    68    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    INDU SINGH    F    32    Samata Party

5    JANARDAN PANDEY    M    56    All India Forward Bloc

6    DIN BANDHU SINGH    M    56    Socialist Party (Lohia)

7    PAWAN KUMAR JHA    M    28    Janata Dal (Secular)

8    PHUL CHAND MANDAL    M    66    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

9    M.K.MANDAL    M    62    Amra Bangalee

10    A.K. ROY    M    72    Marxist Co-Ordination

11    VIDESHI MAHATO    M    54    Jharkhand Vikas Dal

12    VIRENDRA PRADHAN    M    44    Lok Jan Shakti Party

13    SUNIL KUMAR    M    38    Indian Justice Party

14    MD. SULTAN    M    57    Jharkhand Party

15    HAFFIZUDDIN ANSARI    M    51    Samajwadi Party

16    ABDUL MUSTAFA    M    32    Independent

17    KARTIK MAHATO    M    44    Independent

18    JAI PRAKASH SINGH    M    39    Independent

19    JAIRAM SINGH    M    31    Independent

20    JITENDRA KUMAR SINGH    M    36    Independent

21    PHUL CHAND MAHATO    M    40    Independent

22    BAMA PADA BAURI    M    35    Independent

23    MADHUSUDAN RAJHANS    M    44    Independent

24    MANILAL MAHATO    M    27    Independent

25    MANOJ GANDHI    M    29    Independent

26    MANOJ PANDEY    M    29    Independent

27    MUNSI HEMBRAM    M    56    Independent

28    RAVI RANJAN SINHA    M    34    Independent

29    SHANKAR RAWANI    M    42    Independent

30    SALIM KHAN    M    42    Independent

31    SADHUSHARAN GOPE    M    46    Independent

32    SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH    M    57    Independent

S27    8    JH    RANCHI    23-Apr-09    1    RAJENDRA SINGH MUNDA    M    74    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    RAM TAHAL CHAUDHARY    M    66    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    MD. SARFUDDIN    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SUBODH KANT SAHAY    M    57    Indian National Congress

5    AKHTAR ANSARI    M    53    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

6    AFSAR EMAM    M    48    Jharkhand PeopleÂ’S Party

7    MD. AJAD ANSARI    M    47    National Lokhind Party

8    JIPALAL SINGH MUNDA    M    45    Jharkhand Party (Naren)

9    DAYANAND GUPTA    M    39    Jharkhand Vikas Dal

10    SURENDRA KUMAR SUMAN    M    36    Samata Party

11    ANJANI PANDEY    M    51    Independent

12    AGAM LAL MAHTO    M    34    Independent

13    AFTAB ALAM    M    42    Independent

14    ARTI BEHRA    F    32    Independent

15    UPENDRA PD. SRIVASTAVA    M    65    Independent

16    KESHAV NARAYAN BHAGAT    M    49    Independent

17    KAILASH PAHAN    M    40    Independent

18    JANARDAN TIWARI    M    42    Independent

19    JITENDRA MAHTO    M    27    Independent

20    DEVENDRA THAKUR    M    48    Independent

21    BIRSA HEMBRAM    M    31    Independent

22    RANJEET MAHTO    M    49    Independent

23    RAMPODO MAHTO    M    37    Independent

24    ROSHAN LAL MAHTO    M    28    Independent

25    ROSAN PRASAD    M    25    Independent

26    LAL BABA MASANI    M    65    Independent

S27    9    JH    JAMSHEDPUR    23-Apr-09    1    AJEET KUMAR    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    ARJUN MUNDA    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    SUMAN MAHTO    F    44    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

4    ARVIND KUMAR SINGH    M    47    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

5    ASHOK TRIPATHI    M    44    Samajwadi Party

6    KINKAR GOUR    M    41    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

7    KRISHN MURARI MISHRA    M    47    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

8    PARIKSHIT MAHATO    M    43    Lok Jan Shakti Party

9    MUBIN KHAN    M    50    Bahujan Shakty

10    RAJ KAPOOR MAHATO    M    35    Jharkhand Vikas Dal

11    SHARAT MAHATO    M    36    Jharkhand Party (Naren)

12    SHAILENDRA MAHTO    M    55    All Jharkhand Students Union

13    SHYAM NARAYAN SINGH    M    50    All India Trinamool Congress

14    SANDIP PAUL    M    43    Jharkhand Party

15    DR. SUNARAM HANSDA    M    41    Jharkhand Disom Party

16    HEMANT SINGH    M    37    Amra Bangalee

17    KRISHNA PRASAD    M    40    Independent

18    JOSAI MARDI    M    31    Independent

19    DILIP KALINDI    M    44    Independent

20    DILIP TUDU    M    41    Independent

21    PARAS NATH PRASAD    M    56    Independent

22    RAKESH KUMAR    M    30    Independent

23    RAJIV CHANDRA MAHATO    M    27    Independent

24    RAM CHANDRA PRASAD GUPTA    M    49    Independent

25    VICTOR A. LAZARUS    M    60    Independent

26    SITARAM TUDU    M    61    Independent

S27    10    JH    SINGHBHUM    23-Apr-09    1    BARKUWAR GAGRAI    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    BAGUN SUMBRUI    M    82    Indian National Congress

3    HIKIM CHANDRA TUDU    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    PREM SINGH MUNDRI    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

5    MANGAL SINGH BOBONGA    M    42    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

6    SUKH RAM JONKO    M    62    Jharkhand Disom Party

7    ASHOK KUMAR TIU    M    47    Independent

8    MADHU KORA    M    38    Independent

9    HIKIM SOREN    M    46    Independent

S04    11    BR    KATIHAR    30-Apr-09    1    NIKHIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    MUNNI DEVI    F    35    Independent

3    SHAH TARIQ ANWAR    M    58    Nationalist Congress Party

4    MADAN MOHAN NISHAD    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    MANOJ PARASAR    M    44    Jan Samanta Party

6    PHOOLO DEVI    F    40    Independent

7    AHMAD ASHFAQUE KARIM    M    53    Lok Jan Shakti Party

8    SUNIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    39    Independent

9    MOHAMMAD HAMID MUBARAK    M    33    Independent

10    SHOBHA DEVI    F    40    Independent

11    MAHBOOB ALAM    M    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

12    HIMRAJ SINGH    M    49    Independent

13    RAJESH GURNANI    M    38    Loktantrik Samata Dal

14    RAJGIRI SINGH    M    53    Independent

15    OM PRAKASH PODDAR    M    38    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

16    MANENDRA KUMAR    M    38    Independent

17    BHOLA NATH KEWAT    M    60    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

18    CHANDU MURMU    M    43    Jharkhand Disom Party

19    SHIV PUJAN PASWAN    M    31    Buddhiviveki Vikas Party

20    SHAMBHU ROY    M    38    Independent

21    NITESH KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    31    Independent

22    BABU LAL MARANDI    M    33    Independent

23    KISHAN LAL AGRAWAL    M    32    Independent

S04    13    BR    MADHEPURA    30-Apr-09    1    VINOD KUMAR JHA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    OM PRAKASH NARAYAN    M    44    Communist Party of India

3    TARA NAND SADA    M    52    Indian National Congress

4    PROF RAVINDRA CHARAN YADAV    M    49    Rashtriya Janata Dal

5    SHARAD YADAV    M    61    Janata Dal (United)

6    RAJO SAH    M    30    Loktantrik Samata Dal

7    DHANOJ KUMAR    M    26    Rashtravadi Janata Party

8    RAVINDRA KUMAR    M    33    Rashtra Sewa Dal

9    NIRMAL KUMAR SINGH    M    66    Samata Party

10    SAKAR SURESH YADAV    M    32    Independent

11    KISHOR KUMAR    M    33    Independent

12    BALWANT GADHWAL    M    29    Independent

13    TIRO SHARMA    M    59    Independent

14    KARPOORI RISHIDEO    M    29    Independent

15    AMIT ACHARYA    M    26    Independent

16    PRASANNA KUMAR    M    54    Independent

17    DHRUWA KUMAR    M    43    Independent

18    MAHADEV YADAV    M    55    Independent

19    PARMESHWARI PRASAD NIRALA    M    68    Independent

S04    25    BR    KHAGARIA    30-Apr-09    1    SATYA NARAYAN SINGH    M    66    Communist Party of India

2    PRADUMAN KUMAR    M    31    Independent

3    DINESHCHANDRA YADAV    M    50    Janata Dal (United)

4    HARI NANDAN SINGH    M    61    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

5    GULABRAJ    M    31    Independent

6    ASARFI PRASAD MEHTA    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party

7    SIKANDAR PRASAD SHARMA    M    56    Independent

8    SANGRAM KUMAR    M    27    Independent

9    SURESH PODDAR    M    47    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

10    SANJAY YADAV    M    41    Independent

11    NEHA CHAUHAN    F    27    Independent

12    MANJU KUMARI    F    31    Rashtra Sewa Dal

13    CHAUDHRY MEHBOOB ALI KAISER    M    42    Indian National Congress

14    BHARAT KUMAR YADAV    M    52    Kosi Vikas Party

15    RAM NANDAN YADAV    M    45    Independent

16    NAYEEMUDDIN4    M    42    Independent

17    LAL BAHADUR HIMALAYA    M    38    Independent

18    BABULU PASWAN    M    35    Navbharat Nirman Party

19    PAWAN KUMAR “SUMAN”    M    33    Independent

20    RAVINDRA KU. RANA    M    62    Rashtriya Janata Dal

S04    27    BR    BANKA    30-Apr-09    1    GRIDHARI YADAV    M    44    Indian National Congress

2    JAI PRAKASH NARAYAN YADAV    M    55    Rashtriya Janata Dal

3    DAMODAR RAWAT    M    47    Janata Dal (United)

4    MUKESH KUMAR SINGH    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    SANJAY KUMAR    M    45    Communist Party of India

6    ANIL KUMAR ALIAS ANIL GUPTA    M    40    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

7    AMRESHWAR KUMAR    M    29    Jago Party

8    ARBIND KUMAR SAH    M    42    Rashtriya Pragati Party

9    KEDAR PRASAD SINGH    M    61    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

10    MAHABUB ALAM ANSARI    M    50    Bharatiya Momin Front

11    RAJENDRA PANDIT NETAJI    M    57    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Ulgulan)

S06    1    GJ    KACHCHH    30-Apr-09    1    JAT POONAMBEN VELJIBHAI    F    37    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    DANICHA VALJIBHAI PUNAMCHANDRA    M    54    Indian National Congress

3    NAMORI MOHANBHAI LADHABHAI    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    CHAUHAN MOTILAL DEVJIBHA    M    49    Lokpriya Samaj Party

5    DR. TINA MAGANBHAI PARMAR    F    26    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal

6    DUNGARIYA BHARMALBHAI NARANBHAI    M    45    Samajwadi Party

7    PARMAR MUKESHBHAI MANDANBHAI    M    44    Indian Justice Party

8    BADIYA RAMESH GANGJI    M    44    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

9    KANJI ABHABHAI MAHESHWARI    M    55    Independent

10    GARVA ASMAL THAKARSHI    M    44    Independent

11    GOVIND JIVABHAI DAFADA    M    50    Independent

12    BADIA GANGJI FAKIRA    M    55    Independent

13    MAHESHWARI GANGJI DAYABHAI    M    55    Independent

14    MAHESHWARI DHANJIBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    51    Independent

15    MUNSHI BHURALAL KHIMJIBHAI    M    40    Independent

16    MANGALIYA LILBAI JIVANBHAI    F    42    Independent

17    VANZARA HIRABEN DALPATBHAI    F    35    Independent

18    SARESA NANJI BHANJIBHAI    M    42    Independent

S06    2    GJ    BANASKANTHA    30-Apr-09    1    GADHVI MUKESHKUMAR BHERAVDANJI    M    47    Indian National Congress

2    CHETANBHAI KALABHAI SOLANKI    M    28    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    CHAUDHARI HARIBHAI PARTHIBHAI    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    AMRUTBHAI LAKHUBHAI PATEL(FOSI)    M    49    Mahagujarat Janta Party

5    KATARIYA HASMUKHBHAI RAVJIBHAI    M    34    Akhand Bharti

6    NAGORI JHUBERKHAN LIYAKATKHAN    M    33    Adarsh Lok Dal

7    LODHA ISHVARBHAI MAHADEVBHAI    M    57    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

8    SAVJIBHAI PATHUBHAI RAJGOR    M    34    Vishva Hindustani Sangathan

9    KARNAVAT YOGESHKUMAR BHIKHABHAI    M    31    Independent

10    PATEL NAGJIBHAI PRAGJIBHAI    M    43    Independent

11    PARSANI MAHMAD SIKANDAR JALALBHAI    M    30    Independent

12    PUROHIT ASHOKBHAI CHHAGANBHAI    M    32    Independent

13    PANSAL KALABHAI PUNMABHAI    M    49    Independent

14    MAJIRANA BHOPAJI AASHAJI    M    68    Independent

15    MALI JAGDISHKUMAR HASTAJI    M    30    Independent

16    ROOTHAR LEBUJI PARBATJI    M    32    Independent

17    SHARDABEN BHIKHABHAI PARMAR    F    45    Independent

18    SIPAI AAIYUBBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI    M    35    Independent

19    SHRIMALI ASHOKBHAI BALCHANDBHAI    M    40    Independent

S06    3    GJ    PATAN    30-Apr-09    1    KHOKHAR MAHEBOOBKHAN RAHEMATKHAN    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    JAGDISH THAKOR    M    51    Indian National Congress

3    BAROT SANJAYBHAI MAGANBHAI    M    50    Nationalist Congress Party

4    RATHOD BHAVSINHBHAI DAHYABHAI    M    68    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    PATAVAT MAHAMMADBHAI SHARIFBHAI    M    50    Independent

6    PATEL NARANBHAI PRAGDASBHAI    M    55    Mahagujarat Janta Party

7    KANUBHAI BHURABHAI MAHESHVARI    M    60    Independent

8    CHAUDHARY KIRTIKUMAR JESANGBHAI    M    30    Independent

9    CHAUDHARY MANSINHBHAI MANABHAI    M    32    Independent

10    JUDAL GANESHBHAI MEGHRAJBHAI    M    35    Independent

11    THAKOR NATUJI HALAJI    M    48    Independent

12    THAKOR BHUPATSINH KANTIJI    M    29    Independent

13    DIVAN YASIN AHMAD MAHAMADSHAH    M    47    Independent

14    PATEL KALPESHBHAI SHANKARLAL    M    27    Independent

15    PATEL KIRITKUMAR CHIMANLAL    M    38    Independent

16    PATEL DILIPKUMAR LILACHAND    M    31    Independent

17    PATEL MANORBHAI VIRAMDAS    M    68    Independent

18    PATEL RAMESHBHAI GOVINDBHAI    M    45    Independent

19    BRAHMKSHATRIYA NIRUPABEN NATVARLAL    F    35    Independent

20    BRAHMKSHATRIYA BHAGVATIBEN KHETSINH    F    55    Independent

21    RABARI BABUBHAI LALLUBHAI    M    56    Independent

22    RAJPUT JAGATSINH SAMANTSANG    M    29    Independent

23    RAVAL BHURABHAI MOTIBHAI    M    45    Independent

24    VAGHELA SHIVUBHA RAMSING    M    53    Independent

25    SUNSARA AAMINBHAI USMANBHAI    M    35    Independent

S06    9    GJ    SURENDRANAGAR    30-Apr-09    1    BHATIYA NARANBHAI KEHARBHAI    M    45    Independent

2    VAGHELA SATUBHA KANUBHA    M    75    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

3    BHARATBHAI RAMNIKLAL MAKWANA    M    43    Independent

4    KOLI PATEL SOMABHAI    M    68    Indian National Congress

5    DEVJIBHAI GOVINDBHAI FATEPARA    M    51    Indian National Congress

6    MER LALJIBHAI CHATURBHAI    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

7    SONI PRAKASHBHAI GOVINDBHAI    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party

8    KORDIA ALTAFBHAI VALIBHAI    M    25    Independent

9    PATEL MOHANBHAI DAHYABHAI    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

10    TUNDIYA PREMJIBHAI VIRJIBHAI    M    53    Independent

11    NAYAKPRA HITSH BHAGVANGIBHAI    M    40    Independent

12    DABHI MOHANBHAI TULSHIBHAI    M    63    Independent

13    DERVALIA MEDHABHAI KALABHAI    M    51    Independent

14    PATEL KHEMABHAI ISHVARBHAI    M    43    Independent

15    RABA HARSURBHAI RAMBHAI    M    63    Independent

16    JADAV BHAGWANBHAI MATHURBHAI    M    56    Independent

17    UKABHAI AMARABHAI MAKWANA    M    40    Independent

18    JAGRUTIBEN BABULAL GADA (SHAH)    F    39    Mahagujarat Janta Party

19    PATADIYA KHIMJIBHAI HARAJIVANBHAI    M    52    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

20    SOLANKI KARSHANBHAI JIVABHAI    M    38    Independent

21    PATEL ASHOKKUMAR CHIMANLAL    M    54    Independent

22    DHAVANIYA BACHUBHAI CHHAGANBHAI    M    58    Lokpriya Samaj Party

23    CHAVDA ASHOKBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party

24    SAVUKIYA LALJIBHAI MOHANLAL    M    50    Independent

25    MER MAVJIBHAI KUKABHAI    M    63    Independent

S06    10    GJ    RAJKOT    30-Apr-09    1    MULTANI SUBHANBHAI POPATBHAI    M    52    Independent

2    GOKALBHAI KHODABHAI PARMAR    M    53    Lokpriya Samaj Party

3    KIRANKUMAR VALJIBHAI BHALODIA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    DHANSUKHBHAI CHUNIBHAI BHANDERI    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    DR. ZAKIRHUSEN MATHAKIYA    M    38    Samajwadi Party

6    ARVINDBHAI JADAVJIBHAI RATHOD    M    42    Independent

7    KUBAVAT BABUDAS CHHAGANDAS    M    63    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

8    PRAVINBHAI MEGHJIBHAI DENGADA    M    46    Independent

9    KUVARJIBHAI MOHANBHAI BAVALIA    M    54    Indian National Congress

10    JOSHI SUDHIRBHAI REVASHANKAR    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

11    JADEJA SATUBHA AMARSANG    M    41    National Secular Party

12    JADEJA NATUBHA AMARSANG    M    39    National Secular Party

13    DHEDHI DALEECHANDBHAI LIRABHAI    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

14    KHIMSURIYA BHANUBHAI RAMJIBHAI    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party

15    NARENDRASINH TAPUBHA JADEJA    M    35    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

16    HIRABHAI GORDHANBHAI CHANGELA    M    58    Independent

17    HARSODA MAHESH HIRABHAI    M    25    Independent

18    BHIKHABHAI KURJIBHAI SADADIYA    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party

19    GAR PRAKASH KHIMJIBHAI    M    40    Independent

20    DUDHATRA MUKUNDBHAI GOVINDBHAI    M    41    Independent

21    SAROLA GEETABEN MANJIBHAI    F    32    Independent

22    RABARI MOMAIYABHAI ALABHAI    M    60    Independent

23    AJITSINH HARISINH JADEJA    M    55    Independent

24    DR.RAJESHKUMAR SHANTIBHIA MANKADIA    M    35    Independent

25    RAJGURU INDRANIL SANJAYBHAI    M    43    Indian National Congress

26    NAYANBHI HASHMUKHBHAI UPADHYAY    M    42    Independent

27    KESHUBHAI DHANJIBHAI VEKARIYA    M    30    Independent

28    MATHAKIA USMAN HASAN    M    56    Independent

29    BABUBHAI DEVJIBHAI GHAVA    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party

30    PATADIA VINODBHAI KHODABHAI    M    45    Independent

31    CHAVDA LAKHMANBHAI DEVJIBHAI    M    49    Republican Party of India

32    VEKARIYA PRAGJIBHAI NATHUBHAI    M    60    Independent

33    BHIKHABHAI KURJIBHAI SADADIA    M    57    Independent

34    VEKARIA ALPESHBHAI KESHUBHAI    M    32    Mahagujarat Janta Party

35    JASVANTBHAI RANCHHODBHAI SABHAYA    M    38    Samajwadi Party

36    PIPALIA BHARATBHAI SAVJIBHAI    M    52    Mahagujarat Janta Party

37    GORI BHARTIBEN MAHENDRABHAI    F    26    Independent

S06    13    GJ    JUNAGADH    30-Apr-09    1    BARAD JASHUBHAI DHANABHAI    M    54    Indian National Congress

2    BHUVA KAMLESHBHAI LALJIBHAI    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    SOLANKI DINUBHAI BOGHABHAI    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    AKHED MAHESHBHAI VALLABHBHAI    M    48    Indian Justice Party

5    KUNJADIYA VALLABHBHAI RAMBHAI    M    46    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

6    CHANDULAL BHANUBHAI DHADUK    M    42    Mahagujarat Janta Party

7    DANGAR BRIJESH RAMBHAI    M    31    Rashtrawadi Sena

S06    15    GJ    BHAVNAGAR    30-Apr-09    1    GOHILMAHAVIRSINHBHAGIRATHSINH    M    52    Indian National Congress

2    VAGHANI PRAKSHBHAI ARJANBHAI    M    38    Indian National Congress

3    RANA RAJENDRASINH GHANSHYAMSINH    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    MANDAVIA MANSUKHBHAI LAXMANBHAI    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    BORICHA VALJIBHAI BAGHABHAI    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party

6    REVAR MANSUKHBHAI KHODIDASBHAI    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party

7    ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI    M    54    Mahagujarat Janta Party

8    ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI    M    54    Mahagujarat Janta Party

9    ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI    M    54    Mahagujarat Janta Party

10    YADAV TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI    M    67    Samajwadi Party

11    YADAV TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI    M    67    Samajwadi Party

12    YADAV TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI    M    67    Samajwadi Party

13    SAPARIA DINESHBHAI NANUBHAI    M    45    Lokpriya Samaj Party

14    SAPARIA DINESHBHAI NANUBHAI    M    45    Lokpriya Samaj Party

15    SAPARIA DINESHBHAI NANUBHAI    M    45    Lokpriya Samaj Party

16    PANDYA ATULBHAI HARSHADRAI    M    46    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal

17    PANDYA ATULBHAI HARSHADRAI    M    46    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal

18    PANDYA ATULBHAI HARSHADRAI    M    46    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal

19    GOHIL NANAJIBHAI MADHABHAI    M    38    Republican Party of India (A)

20    GOHIL NANAJIBHAI MADHABHAI    M    38    Republican Party of India (A)

21    CHAUHAN PREMJIBHAI SHAMJIBHAI    M    42    Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)

22    MAKWANA HARINBHAI RAMNIKLAL    M    37    Independent

23    MAKWANA HARINBHAI RAMNIKLAL    M    37    Independent

24    MAKWANA HARINBHAI RAMNIKLAL    M    37    Independent

25    GOHIL KISHORSINH BALAVANTSINH    M    54    Independent

26    GOHIL KISHORSINH BALAVANTSINH    M    54    Independent

27    GOHIL KISHORSINH BALAVANTSINH    M    54    Independent

28    KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI    M    49    Independent

29    KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI    M    49    Independent

30    KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI    M    49    Independent

31    PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI    M    43    Independent

32    PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI    M    43    Independent

33    PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI    M    43    Independent

34    CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    39    Independent

35    CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    39    Independent

36    CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    39    Independent

37    SONANI NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI    M    36    Independent

38    SONANI NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI    M    36    Independent

39    SONANI NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI    M    36    Independent

40    CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI    M    42    Independent

41    CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI    M    42    Independent

42    CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI    M    42    Independent

43    SOLANKI MAHAMADRAFIKBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI    M    50    Independent

44    SOLANKI MAHAMADRAFIKBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI    M    50    Independent

45    SOLANKI MAHAMADRAFIKBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI    M    50    Independent

46    DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI    M    29    Independent

47    DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI    M    29    Independent

48    DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI    M    29    Independent

49    PATEL KALPESHBHAI ASHOKBHAI    M    30    Independent

50    PATEL KALPESHBHAI ASHOKBHAI    M    30    Independent

51    PATEL KALPESHBHAI ASHOKBHAI    M    30    Independent

S06    18    GJ    PANCHMAHAL    30-Apr-09    1    MANSURI MUKHTYAR MOHAMAD    M    49    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

2    VAGHELA SHANKERSINH LAXMANSINH    M    68    Indian National Congress

3    PATEL PROSOTTAMBHAI MANGALBHAI    M    53    Indian National Congress

4    BAROT PRAKASHKUMAR MANEKLAL    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    CHAUHAN PRABHATSINH PRATAPSINH    M    67    Bharatiya Janata Party

6    MALIVAD KALUBHAI HIRABHAI    M    58    Bharatiya Janata Party

7    SHAIKH KALIM A.LATIF    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party

8    SHUKLA ARVINDKUMAR JYANTILAL    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party

9    BHABHOR RASILABEN SAMSUBHAI    F    26    Indian Justice Party

S06    19    GJ    DAHOD    30-Apr-09    1    KATARA SINGJIBHAI JALJIBHAI    M    62    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    KALARA RAMSINGBHAI NANJIBHAI    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    DAMOR SOMJIBHAI PUNJABHAI    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    TAVIYAD DR. PRABHABEN KISHORSINH    F    54    Indian National Congress

5    MEDA KALSINGBHAI TAJSINHBHAI    M    57    Nationalist Congress Party

6    PARMAR DINESHBHAI NAGJIBHAI    M    28    Indian Justice Party

7    BARIYA NAVALSINGBHAI MADIABHAI    M    39    Mahagujarat Janta Party

8    MUNIA KAMALSINH CHHAGANBHAI    M    61    Samajwadi Party

S06    20    GJ    VADODARA    30-Apr-09    1    GAEKWAD SATYAJITSINH DULIPSINH    M    46    Indian National Congress

2    PUROHIT VINAYKUMAR RAMANBHAI    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    BALKRISHNA KHANDERAO SHUKLA    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    GIRISHBHAI MADHAVLAL BHAVSAR    M    42    Independent

5    THAVARDAS AMULRAI CHOITHANI    M    63    Independent

6    DASGUPTA TAPANBHAI SHANTIMAY    M    45    Independent

7    PARMAR BHARTIBEN KISHORCHANDRA    F    36    Independent

8    MALEK MAHEBUBBHAI RAHIMBHAI    M    42    Independent

9    VASAVA HARILAL SHANABHAI    M    46    Independent

S06    21    GJ    CHHOTA UDAIPUR    30-Apr-09    1    RATHWA RAMSINGBHAI PATALBHAI    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    RATHWA NARANBHAI JEMLABHAI    M    55    Indian National Congress

3    BHIL PRAKASHBHAI SOMABHAI    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    RATHWA SATISHBHAI RAMANBHAI    M    32    Janata Dal (United)

5    VASAVA(BHIL) VITTHALBHAI VENIBHAI    M    63    Independent

S06    22    GJ    BHARUCH    30-Apr-09    1    PATEL MEHRUNNISHA VALLIBHAI    F    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party

2    PATHAN JAHANGIRKHA AHEMADKHA    M    69    Indian National Congress

3    PATHAN JAHANGIRKHA AHEMADKHA    M    69    Indian National Congress

4    MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED    M    64    Indian National Congress

6    UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED    M    64    Indian National Congress

7    UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED    M    64    Indian National Congress

8    UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED    M    64    Indian National Congress

9    MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party

10    MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party

11    MORI CHHATRASINH PUJABHAI    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

12    MORI CHHATRASINH PUJABHAI    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

13    MORI CHHATRASINH PUJABHAI    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

14    VASAVA SURESHBHAI GORDHANBHAI    M    40    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

15    VASAVA DILIPKUMAR GULSINGBHAI    M    32    Independent

16    PANDEY SANATKUMAR RAJARAMBHAI    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party

17    BASHIRBHAI MAHAMEDBHAI FOJDAR    M    44    Independent

18    VASAVA CHHOTUBHAI AMARSINHBHAI    M    62    Janata Dal (United)

19    BHAGAT ANILKUMAR CHHITUBHAI    M    44    Janata Dal (United)

20    LAD MAHIPATBHAI MAGANBHAI    M    52    Independent

21    PATEL THAKORBHAI CHANDULAL    M    58    Independent

22    HEMANTKUMAR JERAMBHAI GOHIL    M    31    Independent

23    MANGROLA KANAKSINH MOHANSINH    M    58    Samajwadi Party

24    MANGROLA VIKRAMSINH KANAKSINH    M    28    Samajwadi Party

25    PATEL NARESHKUMAR BHAGVANBHAI    M    48    Mahagujarat Janta Party

26    PATEL NARESHKUMAR BHAGVANBHAI    M    48    Mahagujarat Janta Party

27    NARENDRASINH RANDHIRSINH VASHI    M    37    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party

28    PARMAR BALVANTSINH VIJAYSINH    M    53    Nationalist Congress Party

29    PATHAN NISHARKHAN ZAHIRKHAN    M    38    Independent

30    LAKDAWALA SHAKIL AHMED    M    43    Independent

31    PATEL USMANBHAI GULAMBHAI    M    26    Independent

S06    25    GJ    NAVSARI    30-Apr-09    1    NAIK YOGESHKUMAR THAKORBHAI    M    54    Nationalist Congress Party

2    C. R. PATIL    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RAJPUT DHANSUKHABHAI BHAGVATIPRASAD    M    51    Indian National Congress

4    SHAILESHBHAI BISHESWAR SHRIVASTAV    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    AMULKUMAR DHIRUBHAI DESAI    M    46    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

6    AAZADKUMAR CHATURBHAI PATEL    M    33    Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party

7    YADAV GANGAPRASAD LALANBHAI    M    55    Mahagujarat Janta Party

8    KANUBHAI DEVJIBHAI SUKHADIA    M    47    Independent

9    JASHAVANTBHAI DALPATBHAI PANCHAL    M    48    Independent

10    TARUNBHAI CHAMPAKBHAI PATEL    M    39    Independent

11    PATEL PRAVINCHANDRA MANILAL    M    52    Independent

12    PRAKASH MANHAR SHAH    M    45    Independent

13    PRAVINBHAI RANGILDAS KAPASIYAWALA    M    71    Independent

14    YADAV RAJENDRAKUMAR RAMRAJ    M    35    Independent

15    RATHOD GOVINDBHAI LAXMANBHAI    M    52    Independent

16    VARANKAR KAMALBEN KASHIRAM    F    50    Independent

17    SHATRUDHANDAS OMKARDAS SUGAT (BAIRAGI)    M    78    Independent

18    SATYAJIT JAYANTILAL SHETH    M    41    Independent

S06    26    GJ    VALSAD    30-Apr-09    1    DHIRUBHAI CHHAGANBHAI PATEL    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    NARESHBHAI MAGANBHAI PATEL    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    LAXMANBHAI CHHAGANBHAI VARLI    M    51    Independent

4    BHOYE NAYNESHBHAI MADHUBHAI    M    31    Samajwadi Party

5    GAVLI CHHAGANBHAI PILUBHAI    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

6    PATEL PANKAJKUMAR PRABHUBHAI    M    40    Aadivasi Sena Party

7    KISHANBHAI VESTABHAI PATEL    M    46    Indian National Congress

8    JEETUBHAI HARJIBHAI CHAUDHARI    M    45    Indian National Congress

9    RAMBHAI KOYABHAI PATEL    M    59    Independent

S10    3    KA    BAGALKOT    30-Apr-09    1    SHANKAR TELI    M    33    Independent

2    MANOHAR H.AYYANNAVAR    M    51    Independent

3    MALAKAJAPPANAVAR BASAYYA    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)

4    KALLAPPA REVANASIDDAPPA KADECHUR    M    43    Independent

5    JAGADISH TIMMANAGOUDA PATIL    M    59    Indian National Congress

6    BASAVARAJ KALAKAPPA PUJAR    M    42    Nationalist Congress Party

7    HULLANAGOUDA CHANDANAGOUDA PATIL    M    70    Independent

8    GADDIGOUDAR PARVATGOUDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

9    PATIL JAGADISH    M    59    Indian National Congress

10    DANAPPA MALLAPPA ASANGI    M    38    Independent

11    CHINCHOLI SANTOSHKUMAR SAHEBGOUDA    M    25    Independent

12    GADADANNAVAR RAMANNA BHIMAPPA    M    47    Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha

13    CHANDRASHEKHAR HANAMANT BANDIWADDAR    M    29    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

14    PARASHURAM JALAGAR    M    48    Pyramid Party of India

15    PARASHURAM JALAGAR    M    48    Janata Dal (Secular)

16    KRISHNAGOUDA RANGANAGOUDA PATIL    M    56    Independent

17    R. RAMESH BABU    M    38    Janata Dal (Secular)

18    R.RAMESH BABU    M    38    Janata Dal (Secular)

19    BADASHA RAJESAB MUJAWAR    M    40    Independent

20    KRISHNAGOUDA RANGANAGOUDA PATIL    M    56    Independent

21    PATIL VIJAYKUMAR    M    46    Janata Dal (Secular)

22    PANDIT BODALI    M    33    Independent

23    GADADANNAVAR RAMANNA BHIMAPPA    M    47    Independent

24    GADADANNAVAR RAMANNA BHIMAPPA    M    47    Independent

25    R.RAMESH BABU    M    38    Independent

26    R.RAMESH BABU    M    38    Independent

27    RENUKARADHYA HIREMATH    M    29    Independent

28    SANNAGOUDAR GURURAJ SATYAPPAGOUDA    M    27    Independent

29    PAKALI FAROOQ    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party

30    SINDHUR GURUBASAVARYA    M    48    Janata Dal (Secular)

31    NAZIR DUNDASI    M    31    Independent

32    SANGMESH .G. BHAVIKATTI    M    29    Independent

S10    10    KA    HAVERI    30-Apr-09    1    RAMACHANDRAPPA GUDDAPPA BILLAL    M    59    Independent

2    CHANDRAGOUDA HANUMANTA GOUDA PATIL    M    29    Independent

3    FAKKIRESH SHAMBHU BIJAPUR    M    39    Independent

4    SHIVAKUMAR CHANNABASAPPA UDASI    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    BASAVARAJ SHANKRAPPA DESAI    M    38    Independent

6    JAGADEESH YANKAPPA DODDAMANI    M    35    Independent

7    RAJESAB RAHAMANSAB SIDNEKOPPA    M    65    Independent

8    PRABHU K PATIL    M    31    Janata Dal (United)

9    JAVALI ASHOKAPPA MALLAPPA    M    43    Nationalist Congress Party

10    RAMACHANDRASA SAHASRARJUNSA HABIB    M    26    Independent

11    IGAL DILLPPA KARIYAPPA    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party

12    KRISHNAJI RAGHAVENDRARAO OMKAR    M    32    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

13    MULLANAVAR ABDULRAJAK MODINSAB    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party

14    MEHABUB KUTUBSAB NADAF    M    47    Independent

15    SALEEM AHAMAD    M    45    Indian National Congress

16    PATIL SHIVAKUMARGOUDA    M    42    Janata Dal (Secular)

17    MANJUNATH KALAVEERAPPA PANCHANAN    M    38    Independent

18    DESAI MALLIKARJUN BASAPPA    M    61    Independent

19    SALEEM AKBAR NAIK    M    30    Independent

20    DAYANAND RAMACHANDRA RATHOD    M    35    Independent

21    ALLABAX TIMMAPUR    M    34    Independent

22    BADIGER KOTESHWAR    M    28    Independent

23    VASTRAD VEERBHADRAYYA KALAKAYYA    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party

S10    11    KA    DHARWAD    30-Apr-09    1    PRALHAD JOSHI    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    CHANNABASAPPA.S.KUSUGAL    M    48    Independent

3    RAJANNA.P.KADDLYANAVARAMATH    M    36    Independent

4    KUNNUR MANJUNATH CHANNAPPA    M    55    Indian National Congress

5    BAGWAN NASIR PAPULSAB    M    51    Janata Dal (Secular)

6    RAMACHANDRA KALINGAPPA MAHAR    M    59    Independent

7    TALAKALLAMATH MAHESH GURUPADAYYA    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party

8    ASHOK BADDI    M    38    Independent

9    KURUBAR BEERAPPA    M    38    Independent

10    BABUSAB KASHEEMNAVAR    M    61    Janata Dal (Secular)

11    PATIL GURUPADAGOUDA    M    62    Independent

12    JANUMALA BASKAR    M    39    Independent

13    BASANGOUDA HANSI    M    63    Independent

14    PANCH MAHALDAR    M    38    Independent

15    NIRJAN HANMANTSA    M    40    Janata Dal (United)

16    SHANKRAPPA YADAVANNAVAR    M    50    Independent

17    SONDUR RAGHAVENDRA SRINIVAS    M    46    Janata Dal (Secular)

18    ALLISAB SANDIMANI    M    30    Independent

19    KILLADAR ALLABAKSH    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party

20    TAKAPPA KALAL    M    59    Independent

21    MULLA KASHIMASAB    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party

22    PREMANATH KASHAPPA CHIKKTUMBAL    M    31    Bahujan Samaj Party

23    MARUTI RAMAPPA HANASI    M    40    Independent

24    DADAPEER KOPPAL    M    50    Ambedkar National Congress

25    KALLIMANI IBRAHIM    M    32    Independent

26    IMAMHUSEN KUNDAGOL    M    46    Independent

27    GADAGKAR MOHAMMAD YOOSUF    M    56    Muslim League Kerala State Committee

28    SHANKRAPPA JINNAKAR    M    63    Independent

29    HULLI MOHAMMEDALI    M    67    Independent

30    JAMIRAHMEDKHAN    M    27    Independent

31    MOHAMMED ISMAIL BHADRAPUR    M    28    Independent

32    BIJAPUR JALALSAHEB    M    78    Independent

33    BALANNAVAR BASAVARAJ    M    30    Independent

34    KASHEEMNAVAR BABUSAB    M    61    Independent

35    PATIL GURUPADAGOUDA    M    62    Janata Dal (Secular)

S10    13    KA    DAVANAGERE    30-Apr-09    1    RAMESH HULI    M    35    Independent

2    MUJEEB PATEL M.H.K.    M    25    Independent

3    DR. SRIDHARA UDUPA    M    56    Independent

4    SUBHAN KHAN    M    45    Independent

5    SIDDESWARA G.M.    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

6    DR.RAJU C.    M    44    Independent

7    MALLIKARJUN S.S.    M    42    Indian National Congress

8    IDLI RAMAPPA    M    46    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

9    NAGARAJA    M    30    Independent

10    H K KENCHVEERAPPA    M    65    Independent

11    L.H. PATIL    M    41    Independent

12    RAJASHEKHARAYYA B.    M    62    Independent

13    DR. HIDAYATHUR RAHMAN KHAN    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

14    NINGAPPA A.    M    77    Independent

15    MALLIKARJUN L.S.    M    39    Independent

16    AMANULLA KHAN J.    M    35    Independent

17    JAYANNA ITAGI    M    38    Independent

18    ALUR M.G. SWAMY    M    62    Independent

19    SATHISH B.M    M    45    Independent

20    INAYAT ALI KHAN    M    31    Independent

21    YOGESHWARA RAO SINDHE    M    42    Independent

22    RAJASHEKAR    M    44    Independent

23    HANUMANTHAPPA    M    32    Independent

24    MANJUNATH K.    M    43    Independent

25    MAHESH Y.    M    40    Independent

26    EHSANULLA PATEL H.M.    M    53    Independent

27    SUDESH G.M.    M    31    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

28    CHANDRASHEKARAPPA S.    M    59    Independent

29    VEERESH T.    M    35    Independent

30    SIDDESHI G.    M    42    Independent

31    MARUTHI H.    M    51    Independent

32    GNANA PRAKASH B.    M    30    Independent

33    ESWARAPPA H.    M    30    Independent

34    NAGARAJAPPA    M    46    Independent

35    KALLERUDRESHAPPA K.B.    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)

S10    14    KA    SHIMOGA    30-Apr-09    1    UMESHKUMAR S    M    38    Janata Dal (United)

2    N DINESH KUMAR    M    40    Independent

3    M.P. SRIDHAR. BYNDOOR    M    44    Independent

4    AKHIL AHMED    M    45    Independent

5    H.S. SHEKARAPPA    M    47    Independent

6    J. JAYAPPA    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party

7    S. BANGARAPPA    M    76    Indian National Congress

8    D.S. ESHWARAPPA    M    41    Independent

9    T. CHAKRAVARTI NAYAKA    M    70    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

10    MAINUDDIN.M.S    M    35    Independent

11    C. MURUGAN    M    29    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

12    B,Y. RAGHAVENDRA    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party

13    Y.H. NAGARAJA    M    51    Independent

14    MANJAPPA. S.    M    58    Independent

15    RANGANATHA T.L.    M    50    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

16    H.G. LOKESHA    M    47    Independent

17    V. SHAIK MEHABOOB    M    43    Independent

S10    15    KA    UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR    30-Apr-09    1    GANAPATHI SHETTIGARA    M    58    Independent

2    SRINIVASA    M    51    Independent

3    DENIAL FEDRIK RANGER    M    35    Independent

4    JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE    M    57    Indian National Congress

5    JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE    M    57    Indian National Congress

6    JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE    M    57    Indian National Congress

7    JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE    M    57    Indian National Congress

8    SMT. RADHA    F    49    Communist Party of India

9    SMT. RADHA    F    49    Communist Party of India

10    SMT. RADHA    F    49    Communist Party of India

11    DR. SRIDHAR UDUPA    M    56    Independent

12    UMESH KUMARA    M    38    Independent

13    B.VINAYAK MALLYA    M    26    Independent

14    STEVEN JOHN MENEZES    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

15    STEVEN JOHN MENEZES    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

16    ABDUL RASHEED    M    40    Independent

17    ABDUL RASHEED    M    40    Independent

18    VENKATRAMANA HEGADE.B    M    39    Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party

19    D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

20    D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

21    D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

22    D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party

S10    16    KA    HASSAN    30-Apr-09    1    KOVI BABANNA    M    47    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

2    B. C. VIJAYAKUMAR    M    43    Independent

3    A. P. AHAMED    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    B. SHIVRAMU    M    58    Indian National Congress

5    K. H. HANUME GOWDA    M    78    Bharatiya Janata Party

6    S. HARISH(S. C. S)    M    37    Independent

7    AIJAZ AHAMED FAROOQI    M    52    Republican Party of India (A)

8    H. D. DEVEGOWDA    M    76    Janata Dal (Secular)

9    KODIHALLI CHANDRASHEKAR    M    51    Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha

10    M. MAHESH URF HARSHA    M    38    Independent

11    K. SHANMUKHA    M    42    Independent

12    RAJANI NARAYANAGOWDA    M    34    Independent

13    K. REVANNA    M    34    Independent

14    G. P. SANTHOSH GUPTHA    M    28    Independent

15    B. LOHITHGOWDA KUNDURU    M    30    Bharatiya Janata Party

16    BOMMEGOWDA    M    62    Independent

17    T. R. VIJAYA KUMAR    M    33    Independent

18    DEVARAJ. P. B    M    26    Independent

19    DYAVEGOWDA    M    53    Independent

S10    17    KA    DAKSHINA KANNADA    30-Apr-09    1    SUPREETHA KUMAR POOJARY    M    31    Independent

2    JANARDHANA POOJARY    M    71    Indian National Congress

3    VASUDEVA M P    M    49    Independent

4    DR.THIRUMALA RAYA HALEMANE    M    55    Independent

5    G.MOHAMMED    M    48    Independent

6    K RAMA BHAT URIMAJALU    M    78    Independent

7    ABDUL RAZAK    M    50    Independent

8    MADHAVA B    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

9    MOHAMMED SALI    M    40    Independent

10    GIRISH A RAI    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party

11    NALIN KUMAR KATEEL    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party

12    K MONAPPA BHANDARY    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party

13    C AHAMMAD JAMAL    M    54    Muslim League Kerala State Committee

14    ANANDA GATTY    M    59    Independent

15    SUBRAHMANYA KUMAR KUNTIKANA MATA    M    36    Independent

16    DR.U.P.SHIVANANDA    M    59    Independent

S10    20    KA    MANDYA    30-Apr-09    1    SHAMBHULINGEGOWDA    M    48    Independent

2    KOWDLEY CHANNAPPA    M    60    Janata Dal (United)

3    K S NANJAPPA    M    56    Independent

4    K S PUTTANNAIAH    M    60    Sarvodaya Party

5    N NANJUNDAIAH    M    57    Independent

6    S B SHIVALINGEGOWDA    M    62    Indian National Congress

7    SUMANTH    M    60    Independent

8    M KRISHNAMURTHY    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party

9    VENKTESH R    M    37    Independent

10    T S ASHRAF    M    33    Independent

11    SHIVARAMU    M    41    Independent

12    L R SHIVARAMEGOWDA    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

13    SHAKUNTHALA    F    29    Independent

14    H S RAMANNA    M    45    Independent

15    H R CHANDRASHEKHARAIAH    M    43    Independent

16    BALASUBRAMANIAN    M    38    Independent

17    CHELUVARAYA SWAMY    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)

18    M H AMARANATH @ AMBAREESH    M    57    Indian National Congress

19    CHANDRASHEKHARAIAH    M    46    Independent

20    N J RAJESH    M    35    Independent

21    KEMPEGOWDA    M    36    Independent

22    BOREGOWDA    M    57    Independent

23    M P MUNAVAR SHARIF    M    50    Independent

24    H V MADEGOWDA    M    47    Independent

25    K SHIVANAND    M    45    Independent

26    K KEMPEGOWDA    M    47    Independent

27    JHONSON CHINNAPPAN    M    32    Independent

S10    21    KA    MYSORE    30-Apr-09    1    C.H.VIJAYASHANKAR    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    SRINATH-PATHRIKE    M    39    Independent

3    M.BASAVANNA    M    30    Independent

4    S.P.MAHADEVAPPA    M    59    Independent

5    SYED NIZAM ALI    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party

6    P.KARIGOWDA    M    63    Independent

7    P.PARASHIVAMURTHY    M    41    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

8    ADAGURU H VISHWANATH    M    59    Indian National Congress

9    M.ANWARJI    M    62    Independent

10    ARHSADULLA SHARIFF    M    40    Bharatiya Praja Paksha

11    M.V.SANTHOSHKUMAR    M    27    Independent

12    M.S.BALAJI    M    51    Ambedkar National Congress

13    SANTHOSH KUMAR.P    M    35    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

14    S.P.GEETHA    F    36    United Women Front

15    RAJU    M    54    Independent

16    B.A.JIVIJAYA    F    71    Janata Dal (Secular)

17    M.LEELAVATHI    F    51    Independent

18    RAFEEQ    M    27    Independent

19    E.RAJU    M    42    Independent

20    M.NAGENDRA    M    42    Independent

21    DR.E.KESHAMMA    F    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

22    K.P.CHIDANANDA    M    48    Janata Dal (United)

23    B.D.LINGAPPARAI    M    52    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

S24    33    UP    UNNAO    30-Apr-09    1    SHIVSHANKERKUSHWAHA    M    46    Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena

2    RAMESHKUMARSINGH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    ANNUTANDON    F    51    Indian National Congress

4    DEEPAKKUMAR    M    40    Samajwadi Party

5    SUNILKUMAR    M    35    Independent

6    RASHIDQAMAR    M    28    Muslim League Kerala State Committee

7    BASUDEVVISHARAD    M    65    Vikas Party

8    ABHICHHEDILALYADAV    M    47    Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (United)

9    RAMASHREY    M    36    Independent

10    RAJKISHORESINGH    M    36    Rashtravadi Communist Party

11    LALA    M    40    Independent

12    UMESHCHANDRA    M    25    Apna Dal

13    RAJUKASHYAP    M    40    Vanchit Jamat Party

14    RAMAOTAR    M    63    Buddhiviveki Vikas Party

15    KRISHNAPALSINGHVAIS    M    62    Independent

16    CHANDRASHEKHARTIWARI    M    43    Independent

17    ARUNSHANKARSHUKLA    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party

18    ASHOKKUMAR    M    39    Independent

19    CHHEDILAL    M    42    Republican Party of India (A)

20    RAMSEVAK    M    44    Ambedkar Samaj Party

21    UDAISHANKERTIWARI    M    64    Independent

22    JAVEDRAZA    M    39    Janata Dal (United)

23    KAILASHNATHMISHRA    M    66    Independent

24    DRCOLPRATAPSHANKARTIWARI    M    65    Rashtriya Raksha Dal

S24    34    UP    MOHANLALGANJ    30-Apr-09    1    R.K.CHAUDHARY    M    50    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

2    ASHA DEVI    F    38    Bharatiya Grameen Dal

3    JAI PRAKASH    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    SUSHILA SAROJ    F    58    Samajwadi Party

5    JAIPAL PATHIK    M    50    Rashtravadi Communist Party

6    NARENDRA KUMAR    M    38    Indian National Congress

7    DINESH KUMAR    M    38    Independent

8    SATTIDEEN    M    53    Uttar Pradesh Republican Party

9    RANJAN    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party

10    RAM DHAN    M    42    Independent

11    RAJU SONKAR    M    46    Independent

12    AMRESH KUMAR    M    27    Rashtravadi Communist Party

13    SATISH SONKAR    M    40    Dharam Nirpeksh Dal

14    BINDU DEVI    F    33    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

15    SARJU    M    52    Independent

S24    35    UP    LUCKNOW    30-Apr-09    1    RAVI SHANKAR    M    28    Bharat Punarnirman Dal

2    SUKHVEER SINGH    M    41    Independent

3    DR. AKHILESHWAR SAHAI    M    39    Independent

4    RAVI    M    32    Vikas Party

5    AMIT PANDEY    M    33    Independent

6    RAJESH KUMAR    M    25    Independent

7    PADAM CHANDRA GUPTA    M    35    Independent

8    DR. AKHILESH DAS GUPTA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party

9    SEHNAAZ SIDRAT    F    48    Independent

10    NAND KUMAR    M    44    Bharatiya Grameen Dal

11    DASHARATH    M    36    Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party

12    MOHD. IRSHAD    M    40    Navbharat Nirman Party

13    A. HAROON ALI    M    48    Independent

14    LAL JI TANDON    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party

15    ANUPAM MISHRA    M    37    Swarajya Party Of India

16    ZUBAIR AHMAD    M    32    Independent

17    PRAVEEN KUMAR MISHRA    M    32    Eklavya Samaj Party

18    RISAV KUMAR SHARMA    M    28    Maulik Adhikar Party

19    BAL MUKUND TIWARI    M    26    Independent

20    S.MD.AHAMAD    M    59    Independent

21    HARJEET SINGH    M    48    Independent

22    CHANDRA BHUSHAN PANDEY    M    60    Independent

23    S.R.DARAPURI    M    65    Independent

24    RADHEYSHYAM    M    37    Independent

25    NAFISA ALI SODHI    F    52    Samajwadi Party

26    DR.KHAN MOHMAD ATIF    M    64    Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh

27    AMBIKA PRASAD    M    49    Independent

28    MANOJ SINGH    M    37    Independent

29    VINAY PRAKASH    M    36    Independent

30    RAJESH KUMAR PANDEY    M    40    All India Trinamool Congress

31    RAJESH KUMAR NAITHANI    M    35    Independent

32    CHATURI PRASAD    M    56    Independent

33    MURLI PRASAD    M    56    Rashtriya Kranti Party

34    ASHOK KUMAR PAL    M    31    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

35    SITARAM    M    38    Uttar Pradesh Republican Party

36    NITIN DWIWEDI    M    25    Independent

37    MUSTAQ KHAN    M    38    Indian Justice Party

38    RAM KUMAR SHUKLA    M    62    Independent

39    SMT. JUGUNU RANJAN    F    47    Jaganmay Nari Sangathan

40    LT.COL.(RETD.) KUSH PRASAD MATHUR    M    55    Rashtriya Raksha Dal

41    RITA BAHUGUNA JOSHI    F    59    Indian National Congress

42    RAJIV RANJAN TIWARI    M    29    Independent

43    SUMAN LATA DIXIT    F    53    Independent

44    DHEERAJ    M    37    Independent

45    AMRESH MISHRA    M    43    Independent

46    DEVENDRA    M    25    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

47    KEDAR MAL AGRAWAL    M    55    Independent

48    AMAR SINGH YADAV    M    53    Independent

49    SAYED MOH. LADEL    M    45    Independent

50    KAMAL CHANDRA    M    39    Gondvana Gantantra Party

51    SHARAD KUMAR CHAUDHARY    M    35    Bharatiya Rashtriya Bahujan Samaj Vikas Party

52    GIRISH CHANDRA    M    62    Independent

53    C.A. RAJESH RASTOGI    M    52    Independent

54    K.C. KARDAM    M    65    Independent

55    CHAMAN BIHARI TANDON    M    66    Independent

56    LADDAN    M    49    Independent

S24    53    UP    BARABANKI    30-Apr-09    1    KAMALA PRASAD RAWAT    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    P.L.PUNIA    M    64    Indian National Congress

3    RAM NARESH RAWAT    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    RAM SAGAR    M    62    Samajwadi Party

5    VED PRAKASH RAWAT    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party

6    JEEVAN    M    26    Janvadi Party(Socialist)

7    DESHRAJ    M    49    Bharatiya Subhash Sena

8    BABADEEN    M    49    Bharatiya Republican Paksha

9    BHAGAUTI    M    54    Apna Dal

10    SANTRAM    M    40    Navbharat Nirman Party

11    KAMLESH KUMAR    M    38    Independent

12    GAYA PRASAD    M    50    Independent

13    DEPENDRA KUMAR RAWAT    M    25    Independent

14    PREM CHANDRA ARYA    M    33    Independent

15    RAM AUTAR    M    39    Independent

16    LAJJAWATI KANCHAN    F    43    Independent

17    VISHRAM DAS    M    67    Independent

S25    1    WB    COOCH BEHAR    30-Apr-09    1    ARGHYA ROY PRODHAN    M    37    All India Trinamool Congress

2    KRISHNA KANTA BARMAN    M    29    Party for Democratic Socialism

3    NIRANJAN BARMAN    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    NRIPENDRA NATH ROY    M    49    All India Forward Bloc

5    HITENDRA DAS    M    54    Independent

6    HAREKRISHNA SARKAR    M    37    Republican Party of India

7    BANGSHI BADAN BARMAN    M    41    Independent

8    BHABENDRA NATH BARMAN    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party

9    DALENDRA ROY    M    50    Amra Bangalee

10    NUBASH BARMAN    M    46    Independent

S25    2    WB    ALIPURDUARS    30-Apr-09    1    MANOHAR TIRKEY    M    54    Revolutionary Socialist Party

2    ELIAS NARJINARY    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    BILKAN BARA    M    62    Samajwadi Jan Parishad

4    JOUCHIM BAXLA    M    55    Independent

5    DWIPEN ORAON    M    30    Kamtapur Progressive Party

6    KAMAL LAMA    M    49    Independent

7    THADDEVS LAKRA    M    60    Independent

8    PABAN KUMAR LAKRA    M    56    All India Trinamool Congress

9    MANOJ TIGGA    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party

10    PAUL DEXION KHARIYA    M    55    Independent

S25    3    WB    JALPAIGURI    30-Apr-09    1    MAHENDRA KUMAR ROY    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    PRITHWIRAJ ROY    M    36    Independent

3    SHANTI KUMAR SARKAR    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    HARIBHAKTA SARDAR    M    54    Independent

5    SATYEN PRASAD ROY    M    46    Independent

6    SUKHBILAS BARMA    M    64    Indian National Congress

7    PABITRA MOITRA    M    58    Amra Bangalee

8    DR. DHIRENDRA NATH DAS    M    47    Nationalist Congress Party

9    SRI CHINMAY SARKAR    M    30    Independent

10    SRI MUNDRIKA RAM    M    51    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

11    SRI DWIPENDRA NATH PRAMANIK    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party

S25    4    WB    DARJEELING    30-Apr-09    1    JASWANT SINGH    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    JIBESH SARKAR    M    55    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3    DAWA NARBULA    M    73    Indian National Congress

4    SHANTA KUMAR SINGHA    M    40    Nationalist Congress Party

5    HARIDAS THAKUR    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party

6    ABHIJIT MAJUMDAR    M    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7    TRILOK KUMAR DEWAN    M    63    Independent

8    NIRANJAN SAHA    M    50    Amra Bangalee

9    BAIDYANATH ROY    M    55    Indian Peoples Forward Block

10    ARUN KUMAR AGARWAL    M    48    Independent

11    NITU JAI    M    35    Independent

12    RAM GANESH BARAIK    M    44    Independent

13    HELARIUS EKKA    M    50    Independent

S25    5    WB    RAIGANJ    30-Apr-09    1    ANIL BISWAS    M    49    Independent

2    GOPESH CH. SARKAR    M    66    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    SULEMAN HAFIJI    M    51    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

4    MANAS JANA    M    36    Independent

5    UPENDRA NATH DAS    M    47    Independent

6    AKHIL RANJAN MONDAL    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party

7    BIRESWAR LAHIRI    M    61    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

8    NACHHIR ALI PRAMANIK    M    64    Independent

9    ABDUL KARIM CHOUDHURY    M    62    Independent

10    DEEPA DASMUNSHI    F    48    Indian National Congress

11    MATIUR RAHMAN    M    49    Janata Dal (United)

12    FAIZ RAHAMAN    M    45    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

S25    6    WB    BALURGHAT    30-Apr-09    1    BIPLAB MITRA    M    57    All India Trinamool Congress

2    SAMU SOREN    M    48    Independent

3    PRASANTA KUMAR MAJUMDAR    M    68    Revolutionary Socialist Party

4    GOBINDA HANSDA    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party

5    PRAHALLAD BARMAN    M    32    Independent

6    MRIDUL GHOSH.    M    30    Assam United Democratic Front

7    SUBHASH CH. BARMAN    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party

8    CHAMRU ORAM    M    52    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

S25    7    WB    MALDAHA UTTAR    30-Apr-09    1    AMLAN BHADURI    M    35    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    BIKASH BISWAS    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    MAUSAM NOOR    M    27    Indian National Congress

4    SAILEN SARKAR    M    68    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5    ATUL CHANDRA MANDAL    M    39    Independent

6    MALLIKA SARKAR (NANDY)    F    50    Independent

7    MONOWARA BEGAM    F    39    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

8    ASIM KUMAR CHOWDHURY    M    47    Independent

9    AMINA KHATUN    F    29    Independent

S25    8    WB    MALDAHA DAKSHIN    30-Apr-09    1    ABDUR RAZZAQUE    M    60    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    ABU HASEM KHAN CHOUDHURY    M    65    Indian National Congress

3    BHARAT CHANDRA MANDAL    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party

4    DIPAK KUMAR CHOWDHURY    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    MOHAMMAD EJARUDDIN    M    74    Muslim League Kerala State Committee

6    MD. KAMAL BASIRUJJAMAN    M    32    Independent

7    RUSTAM ALI    M    39    Independent

8    MANIRUDDIN SAIKH    M    64    Paschim Banga Rajya Muslim League

9    MANJUR ALAHI MUNSHI    M    42    Independent

10    SHYAMAL DAS    M    38    Independent

S25    32    WB    GHATAL    30-Apr-09    1    MATILAL KHATUA    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party

2    NARAYAN CHANDRA SAMAT    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party

3    GURUDAS DASGUPTA    M    73    Communist Party of India

4    NURE ALAM CHOWDHURY    M    66    All India Trinamool Congress

5    LIYAKAT KHAN    M    31    Indian Justice Party

6    ARUN KUMAR DAS    M    40    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

7    AHITOSH MAITY    M    53    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

S25    33    WB    JHARGRAM    30-Apr-09    1    AMRIT HASNDA    M    63    Indian National Congress

2    NABENDU MAHALI    M    34    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    ADITYA KISKU    M    46    Independent

4    PULIN BIHARI BASKE    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5    SUSIL MANDI    M    28    Independent

6    CHUNIBALA HANSDA    M    44    Jharkhand Party

7    PANCHANAN HANSDA    M    70    Bahujan Samaj Party

8    SUNIL MURMU    M    30    Independent

9    DARKU MURMU    M    56    Independent

S25    34    WB    MEDINIPUR    30-Apr-09    1    DIPAK KUMAR GHOSH    M    72    All India Trinamool Congress

2    SANJAY MISHRA    M    49    Independent

3    PRADIP PATNAIK    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    PARTHA ADDHYA    M    32    Independent

5    SRI AMIT MAITRA    M    63    Independent

6    PRABODH PANDA    M    63    Communist Party of India

7    ASOK KUMAR GOLDER    M    64    Bahujan Samaj Party

9    SUKUMAR DE    M    54    Independent

10    JOYNAL ABEDIN SEKH    M    52    Independent

11    MUKUL KUMAR MAITY    M    33    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

12    NEPAL CHANDRA DAS    M    60    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

S25    35    WB    PURULIA    30-Apr-09    1    ASIT BARAN MAHATO    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    NILKAMAL MAHATO    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    RENUKA SINGH DEV    F    60    Indian National Congress

4    SHANTIRAM MAHATO    M    56    Indian National Congress

5    SAYANTAN BASU    M    32    Bharatiya Janata Party

6    NARAHARI MAHATO    M    54    All India Forward Bloc

7    AJIT PRASAD MAHATO    M    56    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

8    ABINASH SAREN    M    39    Independent

9    ABHIRAM BESRA    M    41    Jharkhand Disom Party

10    AMULYA RATAN MAHATO    M    68    Independent

11    UMACHARAN MAHATO    M    69    Independent

12    DHIREN CHANDRA MAHATO    M    48    Independent

13    DHIREN RAJAK    M    44    Jharkhand Party (Naren)

14    BISAMBAR MURA    M    42    Independent

15    MUKHES SAHU    M    36    All Jharkhand Students Union

16    MRITYUNJAY MAHATO    M    46    Independent

S25    36    WB    BANKURA    30-Apr-09    1    BASUDEB ACHARIA    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    LAKSHMI SARKAR    F    54    Independent

3    SUBRATA MUKHERJEE    M    63    Indian National Congress

4    BYASDEB CHAKRABORTTY    M    37    Janata Dal (United)

5    PARESH MARANDI    M    54    Independent

6    PRABIR BANERJEE    M    36    Independent

7    SUDHIR KUMAR MURMU    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

8    GANESH ROY    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party

9    RAHUL (BISWAJIT) SINHA    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party

10    ASWINI DULEY    M    51    Jharkhand Party (Naren)

11    TAPAN KUMAR PATHAK    M    27    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

S25    37    WB    BISHNUPUR    30-Apr-09    1    SUSMITA BAURI    F    34    Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2    UMA KANTA BHAKAT    M    62    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

3    TAPAS DAS    M    31    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

4    UTTAM BOURI    M    30    Independent

5    SEULI SAHA    F    39    All India Trinamool Congress

6    JAYANTA MONDAL    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party

7    MANIK BAURI    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party

U03    1    DN    DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI    30-Apr-09    1    DELKAR MOHANBHAI SANJIBHAI    M    46    Indian National Congress

2    PATEL SUMANBHAI THAKORBHAI    M    37    Indian National Congress

3    PATEL NATUBHAI GOMANBHAI    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    MADHA JATARIYABHAI BUDHIYABHAI    M    33    Bharatiya Janata Party

5    BIJ YOHANBHAI BHADIYABHAI    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party

6    RAJESH PRABHUBHAI PATEL    M    38    Independent

7    MISHAL LAXMANBHAI NAVSUBHAI    M    39    Independent

8    GAVIT BARAKBHAI JAURBHAI    M    38    Independent

9    KHULAT BHIKALYABHAI VANSYABHAI    M    40    Independent

S07    2    HR    KURUKSHETRA    7-May-09    1    VISHNU BHAGWAN    M    61    Independent

S07    6    HR    SONIPAT    7-May-09    1    SHIV NARAYAN    M    45    Independent

2    JITENDER SINGH    M    40    Indian National Congress

3    JITENDER SINGH    M    40    Indian National Congress

S19    10    PB    FEROZPUR    7-May-09    1    MATHRA DASS    M    73    Proutist Sarva Samaj

S19    11    PB    BATHINDA    7-May-09    1    HARDEV SINGH ARSHI    M    59    Communist Party of India

2    HARDEV SINGH ARSHI    M    59    Communist Party of India

S19    12    PB    SANGRUR    7-May-09    1    TARSEM JODHAN    M    59    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

S20    3    RJ    CHURU    7-May-09    1    SALIM GUJAR    M    39    Independent

2    RAM SINGH KASWAN    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party

3    KAMALA KASWAN    F    63    Bharatiya Janata Party

4    YUSUF KHAN    M    46    Independent

S20    15    RJ    PALI    7-May-09    1    PUSP JAIN    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party

S20    18    RJ    JALORE    7-May-09    1    SUKHRAJ    M    66    Independent

2    SHANTI PARMAR    F    48    Independent

S20    23    RJ    BHILWARA    7-May-09    1    VIJAYENDRA PAL SINGH    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party

S24    15    UP    ALIGARH    7-May-09    1    RAJ KUMARI CHAUHAN    F    46    Bahujan Samaj Party

S24    17    UP    MATHURA    7-May-09    1    UDYAN SHARMA    M    42    Samajwadi Party

2    PHAKKAD BABA    M    64    Independent

S24    40    UP    FARRUKHABAD    7-May-09    1    SWAMI SACHIDANAND HARI SAKSHI    M    53    Rashtriya Kranti Party

S24    42    UP    KANNAUJ    7-May-09    1    MAHESH CHANDRA    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party

2    AKHILESH YADAV    M    35    Samajwadi Party

S25    27    WB    SRERAMPUR    7-May-09    1    KALYAN BANERJEE    M    52    All India Trinamool Congress

A toast to each and all of you in your endeavours in these hot summer months and Jai Hind.

Subroto Roy, Kolkata

Postscript:  I shall be grateful if any inadvertent errors or ommissions are kindly brought to notice by sending in a  comment on the post.  Thanks in advance.

Alfred Lyall on Christians, Muslims, India, China, Etc, 1908

“THE STATE IN ITS RELATION TO EASTERN AND WESTERN RELIGIONS”

By Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall (1835-1911)

Delivered as President of the Congress for the History of Religions, September 1908.—Fortnightly Review, November 1908.

“In considering the subject of my address, I have been confronted by this difficulty—that in the sections which regulate the order of our proceedings, we have a list of papers that range over all the principal religions, ancient and modern, that have existed and still exist in the world. They are to be treated and discussed by experts whose scholarship, particular studies, and close research entitle them all to address you authoritatively. I have no such special qualifications; and in any case it would be most presumptuous in me to trespass upon their ground. All that I can venture to do, therefore, in the remarks which I propose to address to you to-day, is to attempt a brief general survey of the history of religions from a standpoint which may possibly not fall within the scope of these separate papers.

The four great religions now prevailing in the world, which are historical in the sense that they have been long known to history, I take to be—Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Having regard to their origin and derivation, to their history and character, I may be permitted, for my present purpose only, to class the two former as the Religions of the West, and the two latter as the Religions of the East. These are the faiths which still maintain a mighty influence over the minds of mankind. And my object is to compare the political relations, the attitude, maintained toward them, from time to time, by the States and rulers of the people over which these religions have established their spiritual dominion.

The religion of the Jews is not included, though its influence has been incalculable, because it has been caught up, so to speak, into Christianity and Islam, and cannot therefore be counted among those which have made a partition of the religious world. For this reason, perhaps, it has retained to this day its ancient denomination, derived from the tribe or country of its origin; whereas the others are named from a Faith or a Founder. The word Nazarene, denoting the birthplace of Christianity, which is said to be still used in that region, was, as we know, very speedily superseded by its wider title, as the Creed broke out of local limits and was proclaimed universal. There has evidently been a foretime, though it is prehistorical, when, so far as we know, mankind was universally polytheistic; when innumerable rites and worships prevailed without restraint, springing up and contending with each other like the trees in a primeval forest, reflecting a primitive and precarious condition of human society.

I take polytheism to have been, in this earliest stage, the wild growth of superstitious imagination, varied indefinitely by the pressure of circumstance, by accident, by popular caprice, or by the good or evil fortunes of the community. In this stage it can now be seen among barbarous tribes—as, for instance, in Central Africa. And some traces of it still survive, under different pretexts and disguises, in the lowest strata of civilised nations, where it may be said to represent the natural reluctance of the vagrant human fancy to be satisfied with higher forms and purer conceptions that are always imperfectly assimilated by the multitude. Among primitive societies the spheres of human and divine affairs were intermixed and identical; they could not be disentangled. But with the growth of political institutions came gradual separation, or at any rate the subordination of religion to the practical necessities of orderly government and public morals.

That polytheism can exist and flourish in the midst of a highly intellectual and civilised society, we know from the history of Greece and Rome. But in ancient Greece its direct influence upon political affairs seems to have been slight; though it touched at some points upon morality. The function of the State, according to Greek ideas, was to legislate for all the departments of human life and to uphold the moral standard. The law prohibited sacrilege and profanity; it punished open impiety that might bring down divine wrath upon the people at large. The philosophers taught rational ethics; they regarded the popular superstitions with indulgent contempt; but they inculcated the duty of honouring the gods, and the observance of public ceremonial. Beyond these limits the practice of local and customary worship was, I think, free and unrestrained; though I need hardly add that toleration, as understood by the States of antiquity, was a very different thing from the modern principle of religious neutrality. Under the Roman government the connection between the State and religion was much closer, as the dominion of Rome expanded and its power became centralised. The Roman State maintained a strict control and superintendence over the official rituals and worships, which were regulated as a department of the administration, to bind the people together by established rites and worships, in order to cement political and social unity. It is true that the usages of the tribes and principalities that were conquered and annexed were left undisturbed; for the Roman policy, like that of the English in India, was to avoid giving offence to religion; and undoubtedly this policy, in both instances, materially facilitated the rapid building up of a wide dominion. Nevertheless, there was a tendency to draw in the worship toward a common centre. The deities of the conquered provinces were respected and conciliated; the Roman generals even appealed to them for protection and favour, yet they became absorbed and assimilated under Roman names; they were often identified with the gods of the Roman pantheon, and were frequently superseded by the victorious divinities of the new rulers—the strange deities, in fact, were Romanised as well as the foreign tribes and cities. After this manner the Roman empire combined the tolerance of great religious diversity with the supremacy of a centralised government. Political amalgamation brought about a fusion of divine attributes; and latterly the emperor was adored as the symbol of manifest power, ruler and pontiff; he was the visible image of supreme authority. This régime was easily accepted by the simple unsophisticated paganism of Europe. The Romans, with all their statecraft, had as yet no experience of a high religious temperature, of enthusiastic devotion and divine mysteries. But as their conquest and commerce spread eastward, the invasion of Asia let in upon Europe a flood of Oriental divinities, and thus Rome came into contact with much stronger and deeper spiritual forces. The European polytheism might be utilised and administered, the Asiatic deities could not be domesticated and subjected to regulation; the Oriental orgies and strange rites broke in upon the organised State worship; the new ideas and practices came backed by a profound and fervid spiritualism. Nevertheless the Roman policy of bringing religion under authoritative control was more or less successful even in the Asiatic provinces of the empire; the privileges of the temples were restricted; the priesthoods were placed under the general superintendence of the proconsular officials; and Roman divinities gradually found their way into the Asiatic pantheon. But we all know that the religion of the Roman empire was falling into multitudinous confusion when Christianity arose—an austere exclusive faith, with its army of saints, ascetics, and unflinching martyrs, proclaiming worship to be due to one God only, and sternly refusing to acknowledge the divinity of the emperor. Against such a faith an incoherent disorderly polytheism could make no better stand than tribal levies against a disciplined army. The new religion struck directly at the sacrifices that symbolised imperial unity; the passive resistance of Christians was necessarily treated as rebellion, the State made implacable war upon them. Yet the spiritual and moral forces won the victory, and Christianity established itself throughout the empire. Universal religion, following upon universal civil dominion, completed the levelling of local and national distinctions. The Churches rapidly grew into authority superior to the State within their own jurisdiction; they called in the temporal government to enforce theological decisions and to put down heresies; they founded a powerful hierarchy. The earlier Roman constitution had made religion an instrument of administration. When one religion became universal, the churches enlisted the civil ruler into the service of orthodoxy; they converted the State into an instrument for enforcing religion. The pagan empire had issued edicts against Christianity and had suppressed Christian assemblies as tainted with disaffection; the Christian emperors enacted laws against the rites and worships of paganism, and closed temples. It was by the supreme authority of Constantine that, for the first time in the religious history of the world, uniformity of belief was defined by a creed, and sanctioned by the ruler’s assent.

Then came, in Western Europe, the time when the empire at Rome was rent asunder by the inrush of barbarians; but upon its ruins was erected the great Catholic Church of the Papacy, which preserved in the ecclesiastical domain the autocratic imperial tradition. The primacy of the Roman Church, according to Harnack, is essentially the transference to her of Rome’s central position in the religions of the heathen world; the Church united the western races, disunited politically, under the common denomination of Christianity. Yet Christianity had not long established itself throughout all the lands, in Europe and Asia, which had once been under the Roman sovereignty, when the violent irruptions of Islam upset not only the temporal but also the spiritual dominion throughout Western Asia, and along the southern shores of the Mediterranean. The Eastern empire at Constantinople had been weakened by bitter theological dissensions and heresies among the Christians; the votaries of the new, simple, unswerving faith of Mohammed were ardent and unanimous.

In Egypt and Syria the Mohammedans were speedily victorious; the Latin Church and even the Latin language were swept out of North Africa. In Persia the Sassanian dynasty was overthrown, and although there was no immediate and total conversion of the people, Mohammedanism gradually superseded the ancient Zoroastrian cultus as the religion of the Persian State. It was not long before the armies of Islam had triumphed from the Atlantic coast to the Jaxartes river in Central Asia; and conversion followed, speedily or slowly, as the direct result of conquest. Moreover, the Mohammedans invaded Europe. In the south-west they subdued almost all Spain; and in the south-east they destroyed, some centuries later, the Greek empire, though not the Greek Church, and consolidated a mighty rulership at Constantinople. With this prolonged conflict between Islam and Christianity along the borderlands of Europe and Asia began the era of those religious wars that have darkened the history of the Western nations, and have perpetuated the inveterate antipathy between Asiatic and European races, which the spread of Christianity into both continents had softened and might have healed. In the end Christianity has fixed itself permanently in Europe, while Islam is strongly established throughout half Asia. But the sharp collision between the two faiths, the clash of armies bearing the cross and the crescent, generated fierce fanaticism on both sides. The Crusades kindled a fiery militant and missionary spirit previously unknown to religions, whereby religious propagation became the mainspring and declared object of conquest and colonisation.

Finally, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the great secession from the Roman Church divided the nations of Western Europe into hostile camps, and throughout the long wars of that period political jealousies and ambitions were inflamed by religious animosities. In Eastern Europe the Greek Church fell under almost complete subordination to the State. The history of Europe and Western Asia records, therefore, a close connection and community of interests between the States and the orthodox faiths; a combination which has had a very potent influence, during many centuries, upon the course of civil affairs, upon the fortunes, or misfortunes, of nations.

Up to the sixteenth century, at least, it was universally held, by Christianity and by Islam, that the State was bound to enforce orthodoxy; conversion and the suppression or expulsion of heretics were public duties. Unity of creed was thought necessary for national unity—a government could not undertake to maintain authority, or preserve the allegiance of its subjects, in a realm divided and distracted by sectarian controversies. On these principles Christianity and Islam were consolidated, in union with the States or in close alliance with them; and the geographical boundaries of these two faiths, and of their internal divisions respectively, have not materially changed up to the present day.

Let me now turn to the history of religion in those countries of further Asia, which were never reached by Greek or Roman conquest or civilisation, where the ancient forms of worship and conceptions of divinity, which existed before Christianity and Islam, still flourish. And here I shall only deal with the relations of the State to religion in India and China and their dependencies, because these vast and populous empires contain the two great religions, Hinduism and Buddhism, of purely Asiatic origin and character, which have assimilated to a large extent, and in a certain degree elevated, the indigenous polytheism, and which still exercise a mighty influence over the spiritual and moral condition of many millions. We know what a tremendous power religion has been in the wars and politics of the West. I submit that in Eastern Asia, beyond the pale of Islam, the history of religion has been very different. Religious wars—I mean wars caused by the conflict of militant faiths contending for superiority—were, I believe, unknown on any great scale to the ancient civilisations. It seems to me that until Islam invaded India the great religious movements and changes in that region had seldom or never been the consequence of, nor had been materially affected by, wars, conquests, or political revolutions. Throughout Europe and Mohammedan Asia the indigenous deities and their temples have disappeared centuries ago; they have been swept away by the forces of Church and State combined to exterminate them; they have all yielded to the lofty overruling ideal of monotheism.

But the tide of Mohammedanism reached its limit in India; the people, though conquered, were but partly converted, and eastward of India there have been no important Mohammedan rulerships. On this side of Asia, therefore, two great religions, Buddhism and Brahmanism, have held their ground from times far anterior to Christianity; they have retained the elastic comprehensive character of polytheism, purified and elevated by higher conceptions, developed by the persistent competition of diverse ideas and forms among the people, unrestrained by attempts of superior organised faiths to obliterate the lower and weaker species. In that region political despotism has prevailed immemorially; religious despotism, in the sense of the legal establishment of one faith or worship to the exclusion of all others, of uniformity imposed by coercion, of proselytism by persecution, is unknown to history: the governments have been absolute and personal; the religions have been popular and democratic. They have never been identified so closely with the ruling power as to share its fortunes, or to be used for the consolidation of successful conquest. Nor, on the other hand, has a ruler ever found it necessary, for the security of his throne, to conform to the religion of his subjects, and to abjure all others. The political maxim, that the sovereign and his subjects should be of one and the same religion, ‘Cujus regio ejus religio’, has never prevailed in this part of the world.

And although in India, the land of their common origin, Buddhism widely displaced and overlaid Brahmanism, while it was in its turn, after several centuries, overcome and ejected by a Brahmanic revival, yet I believe that history records no violent contests or collisions between them; nor do we know that the armed force of the State played any decisive part in these spiritual revolutions. I do not maintain that Buddhism has owed nothing to State influence. It represents certain doctrines of the ancient Indian theosophy, incarnate, as one might say, in the figure of a spiritual Master, the Indian prince, Sakya Gautama, who was the type and example of ascetic quietism; it embodies the idea of salvation, or emancipation attainable by man’s own efforts, without aid from priests or divinities. Buddhism is the earliest, by many centuries, of the faiths that claim descent from a personal founder. It emerges into authentic history with the empire of Asoka, who ruled over the greater part of India some 250 years before Christ, and its propagation over his realm and the countries adjacent is undoubtedly due to the influence, example, and authority of that devout monarch.

According to Mr. Vincent Smith, from whose valuable work on the Early History of India I take the description of Asoka’s religious policy, the king, renouncing after one necessary war all further military conquest, made it the business of his life to employ his autocratic power in directing the preaching and teaching of the Law of Piety, which he had learnt from his Buddhist priesthood. All his high officers were commanded to instruct the people in the way of salvation; he sent missions to foreign countries; he issued edicts promulgating ethical doctrines, and the rules of a devout life; he made pilgrimages to the sacred places; and finally he assumed the yellow robe of a Buddhist monk.

Asoka elevated, so Mr. Smith has said, a sect of Hinduism to the rank of a world-religion. Nevertheless, I think it may be affirmed that the emperor consistently refrained from the forcible conversion of his subjects, and indeed the use of compulsion would have apparently been a breach of his own edicts, which insist on the principle of toleration, and declare the propagation of the Law of Piety to be his sole object. Asoka made no attempt to persecute Brahmanism; and it seems clear that the extraordinary success of Buddhism in India cannot be attributed to war or to conquest. To imperial influence and example much must be ascribed, yet I think Buddhism owed much more to its spiritual potency, to its superior faculty of transmuting and assimilating, instead of abolishing, the elementary instincts and worships, endowing them with a higher significance, attracting and stimulating devotion by impressive rites and ceremonies, impressing upon the people the dogma of the soul’s transmigration and its escape from the miseries of sentient existence by the operation of merits. And of all great religions it is the least political, for the practice of asceticism and quietism, of monastic seclusion from the working world, is necessarily adverse to any active connection with mundane affairs.

I do not know that the mysterious disappearance of Buddhism from India can be accounted for by any great political revolution, like that which brought Islam into India. It seems to have vanished before the Mohammedans had gained any footing in the country.

Meanwhile Buddhism is said to have penetrated into the Chinese empire by the first century of the Christian era. Before that time the doctrines of Confucius and Laotze were the dominant philosophies; rather moral than religious, though ancestral worship and the propitiation of spirits were not disallowed, and were to a certain extent enjoined. Laotze, the apostle of Taoism, appears to have preached a kind of Stoicism—the observance of the order of Nature in searching for the right way of salvation, the abhorrence of vicious sensuality—and the cultivation of humility, self-sacrifice, and simplicity of life. He condemned altogether the use of force in the sphere of religion or morality; though he admitted that it might be necessary for the purposes of civil government. The system of Confucius inculcated justice, benevolence, self-control, obedience and loyalty to the sovereign—all the civic virtues; it was a moral code without a metaphysical background; the popular worships were tolerated, reverence for ancestors conduced to edification; the gods were to be honoured, though it was well to keep aloof from them; he disliked religious fervour, and of things beyond experience he had nothing to say.

Buddhism, with its contempt for temporal affairs, treating life as a mere burden, and the soul’s liberation from existence as the end and object of meditative devotion, must have imported a new and disturbing element into the utilitarian philosophies of ancient China. For many centuries Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism are said to have contended for the patronage and recognition of the Chinese emperors. Buddhism was alternately persecuted and protected, expelled and restored by imperial decree. Priesthoods and monastic orders are institutions of which governments are naturally jealous; the monasteries were destroyed or rebuilt, sacerdotal orders and celibacy suppressed or encouraged by imperial decrees, according to the views and prepossessions of successive dynasties or emperors. Nevertheless the general policy of Chinese rulers and ministers seems not to have varied essentially. Their administrative principle was that religion must be prevented from interfering with affairs of State, that abuses and superstitious extravagances are not so much offences against orthodoxy as matters for the police, and as such must be put down by the secular arm. Upon this policy successive dynasties appear to have acted continuously up to the present day in China, where the relations of the State to religions are, I think, without parallel elsewhere in the modern world. One may find some resemblance to the attitude of the Roman emperors towards rites and worships among the population, in the Chinese emperor’s reverent observance and regulation of the rites and ceremonies performed by him as the religious chief and representative before Heaven of the great national interests. The deification of deceased emperors is a solemn rite ordained by proclamation. As the Ius sacrum, the body of rights and duties in the matter of religion, was regarded in Rome as a department of the Ius publicum, belonging to the fundamental constitution of the State, so in China the ritual code was incorporated into the statute books, and promulgated with imperial sanction. Now we know that in Rome the established ritual was legally prescribed, though otherwise strange deities and their worships were admitted indiscriminately. But the Chinese Government goes much further. It appears to regard all novel superstitions, and especially foreign worships, as the hotbed of sedition and disloyalty. Unlicensed deities and sects are put down by the police; magicians and sorcerers are arrested; and the peculiar Chinese practice of canonising deceased officials and paying sacrificial honours to local celebrities after death is strictly reserved by the Board of Ceremonies for imperial consideration and approval. The Censor, to whom any proposal of this kind must be entrusted, is admonished that he must satisfy himself by inquiry of its validity. An official who performs sacred rites in honour of a spirit or holy personage not recognised by the Ritual Code, was liable, under laws that may be still in force, to corporal punishment; and the adoration by private families of spirits whose worship is reserved for public ceremonial was a heinous offence. No such rigorous control over the multiplication of rites and deities has been instituted elsewhere. On the other hand, while in other countries the State has recognised no more than one established religion, the Chinese Government formally recognises three denominations. Buddhism has been sanctioned by various edicts and endowments, yet the State divinities belong to the Taoist pantheon, and their worship is regulated by public ordinances; while Confucianism represents official orthodoxy, and its precepts embody the latitudinarian spirit of the intellectual classes. We know that the Chinese people make use, so to speak, of all three religions indiscriminately, according to their individual whims, needs, or experience of results. So also a politic administration countenances these divisions and probably finds some interest in maintaining them. The morality of the people requires some religious sanction; and it is this element with which the State professes its chief concern. We are told on good authority that one of the functions of high officials is to deliver public lectures freely criticising and discouraging indolent monasticism and idolatry from the standpoint of rational ethics, as follies that are reluctantly tolerated. Yet the Government has never been able to keep down the fanatics, mystics, and heretical sects that are incessantly springing up in China, as elsewhere in Asia; though they are treated as pestilent rebels and law-breakers, to be exterminated by massacre and cruel punishments; and bloody repression of this kind has been the cause of serious insurrections. It is to be observed that all religious persecution is by the direct action of the State, not instigated or insisted upon by a powerful orthodox priesthood. But a despotic administration which undertakes to control and circumscribe all forms and manifestations of superstition in a vast polytheistic multitude of its subjects, is inevitably driven to repressive measures of the utmost severity. Neither Christianity nor Islam attempted to regulate polytheism, their mission was to exterminate it, and they succeeded mainly because in those countries the State was acting with the support and under the uncompromising pressure of a dominant church or faith. Some writers have noticed a certain degree of resemblance between the policy of the Roman empire and that of the Chinese empire toward religion. We may read in Gibbon that the Roman magistrates regarded the various modes of worship as equally useful, that sages and heroes were exalted to immortality and entitled to reverence and adoration, and that philosophic officials, viewing with indulgence the superstitions of the multitude, diligently practised the ceremonies of their fathers. So far, indeed, his description of the attitude of the State toward polytheism may be applicable to China; but although the Roman and Chinese emperors both assumed the rank of divinity, and were supreme in the department of worships, the Roman administration never attempted to regulate and restrain polytheism at large on the Chinese system. The religion of the Gentiles, said Hobbes, is a part of their policy; and it may be said that this is still the policy of Oriental monarchies, who admit no separation between the secular and the ecclesiastic jurisdiction. They would agree with Hobbes that temporal and spiritual government are but two words brought into the world to make men see double and mistake their lawful sovereign. But while in Mohammedan Asia the State upholds orthodox uniformity, in China and Japan the mainspring of all such administrative action is political expediency. It may be suggested that in the mind of these far-Eastern people religion has never been conceived as something quite apart from human experience and the affairs of the visible world; for Buddhism, with its metaphysical doctrines, is a foreign importation, corrupted and materialised in China and Japan. And we may observe that from among the Mongolian races, which have produced mighty conquerors and founded famous dynasties from Constantinople to Pekin, no mighty prophet, no profound spiritual teacher, has arisen. Yet in China, as throughout all the countries of the Asiatic mainland, an enthusiast may still gather together ardent proselytes, and fresh revelations may create among the people unrest that may ferment and become heated up to the degree of fanaticism, and explode against attempts made to suppress it. The Taeping insurrection, which devastated cities and provinces in China, and nearly overthrew the Manchu dynasty, is a striking example of the volcanic fires that underlie the surface of Asiatic societies. It was quenched in torrents of blood after lasting some ten years. And very recently there has been a determined revolt of the Lamas in Eastern Tibet, where the provincial administration is, as we know, sacerdotal.

The imperial troops are said to be crushing it with unrelenting severity. These are the perilous experiences of a philosophic Government that assumes charge and control over the religions of some three hundred millions of Asiatics.

I can only make a hasty reference to Japan. In that country the relations of the State to religions appear to have followed the Chinese model. Buddhism, Confucianism, Shintoism, are impartially recognised. The emperor presides over official worship as high priest of his people; the liturgical ordinances are issued by imperial rescripts not differing in form from other public edicts. The dominant article of faith is the divinity of Japan and its emperor; and Shinto, the worship of the gods of nature, is understood to be patronised chiefly with the motive of preserving the national traditions. But in Japan the advance of modern science and enlightened scepticism may have diminished the importance of the religious department. Shinto, says a recent writer, still embodies the religion of the people; yet in 1877 a decree was issued declaring it to be no more than a convenient system of State ceremonial.[ The Development of Religion in Japan, G. W. Knox, 1907] And in 1889 an article of the constitution granted freedom of belief and worship to all Japanese subjects, without prejudice to peace, order, and loyalty.

In India the religious situation is quite different. I think it is without parallel elsewhere in the world. Here we are at the fountainhead of metaphysical theology, of ideas that have flowed eastward and westward across Asia. And here, also, we find every species of primitive polytheism, unlimited and multitudinous; we can survey a confused medley of divinities, of rites and worships incessantly varied by popular whim and fancy, by accidents, and by the pressure of changing circumstances. Hinduism permits any doctrine to be taught, any sort of theory to be held regarding the divine attributes and manifestations, the forces of nature, or the mysterious functions of mind or body. Its tenets have never been circumscribed by a creed; its free play has never been checked or regulated by State authority. Now, at first sight, this is not unlike the popular polytheism of the ancient world, before the triumph of Christianity. There are passages in St. Augustine’s Civitas Dei, describing the worship of the unconverted pagans among whom he lived, that might have been written yesterday by a Christian bishop in India. And we might ask why all this polytheism was not swept out from among such a highly intellectual people as the Indians, with their restless pursuit of divine knowledge, by some superior faith, by some central idea. Undoubtedly the material and moral conditions, and the course of events which combine to stamp a particular form of religion upon any great people, are complex and manifold; but into this inquiry I cannot go. I can only point out that the institution of caste has riveted down Hindu society into innumerable divisions upon a general religious basis, and that the sacred books separated the Hindu theologians into different schools, preventing uniformity of worship or of creed. And it is to be observed that these books are not historical; they give no account of the rise and spread of a faith. The Hindu theologian would say, in the words of an early Christian father, that the objects of divine knowledge are not historical, that they can only be apprehended intellectually, that within experience there is no reality. And the fact that Brahmanism has no authentic inspired narrative, that it is the only great religion not concentrated round the life and teachings of a person, may be one reason why it has remained diffuse and incoherent. All ways of salvation are still open to the Hindus; the canon of their scripture has never been authoritatively closed. New doctrines, new sects, fresh theological controversies, are incessantly modifying and superseding the old scholastic interpretations of the mysteries, for Hindus, like Asiatics everywhere, are still in that condition of mind when a fresh spiritual message is eagerly received. Vishnu and Siva are the realistic abstractions of the understanding from objects of sense, from observation of the destructive and reproductive operations of nature; they represent among educated men separate systems of worship which, again, are parted into different schools or theories regarding the proper ways and methods of attaining to spiritual emancipation. Yet the higher philosophy and the lower polytheism are not mutually antagonistic; on the contrary, they support each other; for Brahmanism accepts and allies itself with the popular forms of idolatry, treating them as outward visible signs of an inner truth, as indications of all-pervading pantheism. The peasant and the philosopher reverence the same deity, perform the same rite; they do not mean the same thing, but they do not quarrel on this account. Nevertheless, it is certainly remarkable that this inorganic medley of ideas and worships should have resisted for so many ages the invasion and influence of the coherent faiths that have won ascendancy, complete or dominant, on either side of India, the west and the east; it has thrown off Buddhism, it has withstood the triumphant advance of Islam, it has as yet been little affected by Christianity. Probably the political history of India may account in some degree for its religious disorganisation. I may propound the theory that no religion has obtained supremacy, or at any rate definite establishment, in any great country except with the active co-operation, by force or favour, of the rulers, whether by conquest, as in Western Asia, or by patronage and protection, as in China. The direct influence and recognition of the State has been an indispensable instrument of religious consolidation. But until the nineteenth century the whole of India, from the mountains to the sea, had never been united under one stable government; the country was for ages parcelled out into separate principalities, incessantly contending for territory. And even the Moghul empire, which was always at war upon its frontiers, never acquired universal dominion. The Moghul emperors, except Aurungzeb, were by no means bigoted Mohammedans; and their obvious interest was to abstain from meddling with Hinduism. Yet the irruption of Islam into India seems rather to have stimulated religious activity among the Hindus, for during the Mohammedan period various spiritual teachers arose, new sects were formed, and theological controversies divided the intellectual classes. To these movements the Mohammedan governments must have been for a long time indifferent; and among the new sects the principle of mutual toleration was universal. Towards the close of the Moghul empire, however, Hinduism, provoked by the bigotry of the Emperor Aurungzeb, became a serious element of political disturbance. Attempts to suppress forcibly the followers of Nanak Guru, and the execution of one spiritual leader of the Sikhs, turned the Sikhs from inoffensive quietists into fanatical warriors; and by the eighteenth century they were in open revolt against the empire. They were, I think, the most formidable embodiment of militant Hinduism known to Indian history. By that time, also, the Marathas in South-West India were declaring themselves the champions of the Hindu religion against the Mohammedan oppression; and to the Sikhs and Marathas the dislocation of the Moghul empire may be very largely attributed. We have here a notable example of the dynamic power upon politics of revolts that are generated by religious fermentation, and a proof of the strength that can be exerted by a pacific inorganic polytheism in self-defence, when ambitious rebels proclaim themselves defenders of a faith. The Marathas and the Sikhs founded the only rulerships whose armies could give the English serious trouble in the field during the nineteenth century. On the whole, however, when we survey the history of India, and compare it with that of Western Asia, we may say that although the Hindus are perhaps the most intensely religious people in the world, Hinduism has never been, like Christianity, Islam, and to some extent Buddhism, a religion established by the State. Nor has it suffered much from the State’s power. It seems strange, indeed, that Mohammedanism, a compact proselytising faith, closely united with the civil rulership, should have so slightly modified, during seven centuries of dominion, this infinitely divided polytheism. Of course, Mohammedanism made many converts, and annexed a considerable number of the population—yet the effect was rather to stiffen than to loosen the bonds that held the mass of the people to their traditional divinities, and to the institution of castes. Moreover the antagonism of the two religions, the popular and the dynastic, was a perpetual element of weakness in a Mohammedan empire. In India polytheism could not be crushed, as in Western Asia, by Islam; neither could it be controlled and administered, as in Eastern Asia; yet the Moghul emperors managed to keep on good terms with it, so long as they adhered to a policy of toleration. To the Mohammedan empire has succeeded another foreign dominion, which practises not merely tolerance but complete religious neutrality.

Looking back over the period of a hundred years, from 1757 to 1857, during which the British dominion was gradually extended over India, we find that the British empire, like the Roman, met with little or no opposition from religion. Hindus and Mohammedans, divided against each other, were equally willing to form alliances with, and to fight on the side of, the foreigner who kept religion entirely outside politics. And the British Government, when established, has so carefully avoided offence to caste or creed that on one great occasion only, the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, have the smouldering fires of credulous fanaticism broken out against our rule. I believe the British-Indian position of complete religious neutrality to be unique among Asiatic governments, and almost unknown in Europe. The Anglo-Indian sovereignty does not identify itself with the interests of a single faith, as in Mohammedan kingdoms, nor does it recognise a definite ecclesiastical jurisdiction in things spiritual, as in Catholic Europe. Still less has our Government adopted the Chinese system of placing the State at the head of different rituals for the purpose of controlling them all, and proclaiming an ethical code to be binding on all denominations. The British ruler, while avowedly Christian, ignores all religions administratively, interfering only to suppress barbarous or indecent practices when the advance of civilisation has rendered them obsolete. Public instruction, so far as the State is concerned, is entirely secular; the universal law is the only authorised guardian of morals; to expound moral duties officially, as things apart from religion, has been found possible in China, but not in India. But the Chinese Government can issue edicts enjoining public morality and rationalism because the State takes part in the authorised worship of the people, and the emperor assumes pontifical office. The British Government in India, on the other hand, disowns official connection with any religion. It places all its measures on the sole ground of reasonable expediency, of efficient administration; it seeks to promote industry and commerce, and material civilisation generally; it carefully avoids giving any religious colour whatever to its public acts; and the result is that our Government, notwithstanding its sincere professions of absolute neutrality, is sometimes suspected of regarding all religion with cynical indifference, possibly even with hostility. Moreover, religious neutrality, though it is right, just, and the only policy which the English in India could possibly adopt, has certain political disadvantages. The two most potent influences which still unite and divide the Asiatic peoples, are race and religion; a Government which represents both these forces, as, for instance, in Afghanistan, has deep roots in a country. A dynasty that can rely on the support of an organised religion, and stands forth as the champion of a dominant faith, has a powerful political power at its command. The Turkish empire, weak, ill-governed, repeatedly threatened with dismemberment, embarrassed internally by the conflict of races, has been preserved for the last hundred years by its incorporation with the faith of Islam, by the Sultan’s claim to the Caliphate. To attack it is to assault a religious citadel; it is the bulwark on the west of Mohammedan Asia, as Afghanistan is the frontier fortress of Islam on the east. A leading Turkish politician has very recently said: ‘It is in Islam pure and simple that lies the strength of Turkey as an independent State; and if the Sultan’s position as religious chief were encroached upon by constitutional reforms, the whole Ottoman empire would be in danger.’ We have to remember that for ages religious enthusiasm has been, and still is in some parts of Asia, one of the strongest incentives to military ardour and fidelity to a standard on the battlefield. Identity of creed has often proved more effective, in war, than territorial patriotism; it has surmounted racial and tribal antipathies; while religious antagonism is still in many countries a standing impediment to political consolidation. When, therefore, we survey the history of religions, though this sketch is necessarily very imperfect and inadequate, we find Mohammedanism still identified with the fortunes of Mohammedan rulers; and we know that for many centuries the relations of Christianity to European States have been very close. In Europe the ardent perseverance and intellectual superiority of great theologians, of ecclesiastical statesmen supported by autocratic rulers, have hardened and beat out into form doctrines and liturgies that it was at one time criminal to disregard or deny, dogmatic articles of faith that were enforced by law. By these processes orthodoxy emerged compact, sharply defined, irresistible, out of the strife and confusion of heresies; the early record of the churches has pages spotted with tears and stained with blood. But at the present time European States seem inclined to dissolve their alliance with the churches, and to arrange a kind of judicial separation between the altar and the throne, though in very few cases has a divorce been made absolute. No State, in civilised countries, now assists in the propagation of doctrine; and ecclesiastical influence is of very little service to a Government. The civil law, indeed, makes continual encroachments on the ecclesiastical domain, questions its authority, and usurps its jurisdiction. Modern erudition criticises the historical authenticity of the scriptures, philosophy tries to undermine the foundations of belief; the governments find small interest in propping up edifices that are shaken by internal controversies. In Mohammedan Asia, on the other hand, the connection between the orthodox faith and the States is firmly maintained, for the solidarity is so close that disruptions would be dangerous, and a Mohammedan rulership over a majority of unbelievers would still be perilously unstable. I have thus endeavoured to show that the historical relations of Buddhism and Hinduism to the State have been in the past, and are still in the present time, very different from the situation in the West. There has always existed, I submit, one essential distinction of principle. Religious propagation, forcible conversion, aided and abetted by the executive power of the State, and by laws against heresy or dissent, have been defended in the West by the doctors of Islam, and formerly by Christian theologians, by the axiom that all means are justifiable for extirpating false teachers who draw souls to perdition. The right and duty of the civil magistrate to maintain truth, in regard to which Bossuet declared all Christians to be unanimous, and which is still affirmed in the Litany of our Church, is a principle from which no Government, three centuries ago, dissented in theory, though in practice it needed cautious handling. I do not think that this principle ever found its way into Hinduism or Buddhism; I doubt, that is to say, whether the civil government was at any time called in to undertake or assist propagation of those religions as part of its duty. Nor do I know that the States of Eastern Asia, beyond the pale of Islam, claim or exercise the right of insisting on conformance to particular doctrines, because they are true. The erratic manifestations of the religious spirit throughout Asia, constantly breaking out in various forms and figures, in thaumaturgy, mystical inspiration, in orgies and secret societies, have always disquieted these Asiatic States, yet, so far as I can ascertain, the employment of force to repress them has always been justified on administrative or political grounds, as distinguishable from theological motives pure and simple. Sceptics and agnostics have been often marked out for persecution in the West, but I do not think that they have been molested in India, China, or Japan, where they abound, because they seldom meddle with politics.[ ‘Atheism did never disturb States’ (Bacon)]. It may perhaps be admitted, however, that a Government which undertakes to regulate impartially all rites and worship among its subjects is at a disadvantage by comparison with a Government that acts as the representative of a great church or an exclusive faith. It bears the sole undivided responsibility for measures of repression; it cannot allege divine command or even the obligation of punishing impiety for the public good. To conclude. In Asiatic States the superintendence of religious affairs is an integral attribute of the sovereignty, which no Government, except the English in India, has yet ventured to relinquish; and even in India this is not done without some risk, for religion and politics are still intermingled throughout the world; they act and react upon each other everywhere. They are still far from being disentangled in our own country, where the theory that a Government in its collective character must profess and even propagate some religion has not been very long obsolete. It was maintained seventy years ago by a great statesman who was already rising into prominence, by Mr. Gladstone. The text of Mr. Gladstone’s argument, in his book on the relations of the State with the Church, was Hooker’s saying, that the religious duty of kings is the weightiest part of their sovereignty; while Macaulay, in criticising this position, insisted that the main, if not the only, duty of a Government, to which all other objects must be subordinate, was the protection of persons and property. These two eminent politicians were, in fact, the champions of the ancient and the modern ideas of sovereignty; for the theory that a State is bound to propagate the religion that it professes was for many centuries the accepted theory of all Christian rulerships, though I think it now survives only in Mohammedan kingdoms. As the influence of religion in the sphere of politics declines, the State becomes naturally less concerned with the superintendence of religion; and the tendency of constitutional Governments seems to be towards abandoning it. The States that have completely dissolved connection with ecclesiastical institutions are the two great republics, the United States of America and France. We can discern at this moment a movement towards constitutional reforms in Mohammedan Asia, in Turkey, and Persia, and if they succeed it will be most interesting to observe the effect which liberal reforms will produce upon the relation of Mohammedan Governments with the dominant faith, and on which side the religious teachers will be arrayed. It is certain, at any rate, that for a long time to come religion will continue to be a potent factor in Asiatic politics; and I may add that the reconciliation of civil with religious liberty is one of the most arduous of the many problems to be solved by the promoters of national unity.”

Just how much intellectual fraud can Delhi produce?

Today’s English-language newspapers report a front-page story that suggests the extent of intellectual fraud emanating from our capital-city’s English-speaking elite may be unending and limitless and uncontrollable (and this  Delhi-based elite has spread itself to other places in the country too).

Such  may be a source of our ridiculous politics, paralleled by the corruption in organized business in both public and private sectors.  Delhi was perhaps the wrong place to which to move India’s capital  one hundred years ago; the geography was such that it made ordinary survival hard or at least highly stressful, and when you have a capital-city in which the elite have to work so hard all the time merely to remain within the city-limits, it was inevitable perhaps that truthfulness and honesty would become  major casualties.

Subroto Roy

An Academic Database of Doctoral & Other Postgraduate Research Done at UK Universities on India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Other Asian Countries Over 100 Years

British universities have in the last one hundred years produced a vast and unsurpassable body of doctoral and other postgraduate research relating to India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Burma, Afghanistan, Malaysia and  other Asian countries.

The first table below contains almost 3,300 entries,  each beginning with the date of award and the degree, followed by the University (and College), followed by the title of the thesis, followed by the AUTHOR in capital letters, followed by the name of the thesis supervisor where provided.

NB: There is a second table  that follows containing a further 78 77 entries — these latter are, however, incomplete in that either the year or the degree appears not to be available.

If you are an author or thesis-supervisor or other academic representative and you are able to correct any inadvertent error or omission, please feel free to write to me promptly by email and I shall seek to account for it.  For omissions, please also identify yourself clearly and send a comment  to the post along with the necessary data that you believe should be accounted for.  Numerous typos existed in the original transcription, several of which have been corrected though many might remain.  In several cases,  it is not impossible the original transcription has mis-spelt a name but authentication could require  the original thesis to be checked.

This  database has been created from public data and is published below with the aim of encouraging further research and reflection.  It may be of special interest to notice the choice and quality of subjects in the context of particular times.

Subroto Roy

Postscript:   More than one grateful reader has called this document someone’s  “labour of love”.   I agree though I have to say it was not mine — my contribution has been merely to  transform a confused spreadsheet into HTML, editing it very slightly, removing some but not all typos yet, and publishing it.  The spreadsheet was one of a million files on my computer, which must mean I downloaded it from some public source at some time though I am afraid I have no record where, most probably in British academia.

Degree    University & College    Title    AUTHOR    Supervisor

1909    MA    Liverpool    The interaction of England and India during the early years of George III    Dorothy DUDLEY
1917    BLitt    Oxford    The history of the occupation and rural administration of Bengal by the English Company from the time of Clive to the permanent settlement under Cornwallis    W K FIRMINGER
1917    MA    Liverpool    The constitutional relations of the Marquess Wellesley with the home authorities    Beatrice L FRAZER
1917    BLitt    Oxford    Agricultural cooperation in British India    J MATTHAI
1921    BA    Cambridge    Relations between the Bombay government and the Marathi powers up to the year 1774    W S DESI
1921    MA    Manchester    The movement of opinion in England as regards Indian affairs, 1757-1773    E EMMETT    Prof Muir
1921    MA    Manchester    The relations of the Mahrattas with the British power    I Kathleen WALKER    Prof Muir
1922    BLitt    Oxford    The history of Burma to 1824    G E HARVEY
1922    PhD    London    Commercial relations between India and England, 1600-1757    B KRISHNA
1922    MSc    London    Agricultural problems and conditions in the Bombay Presidency, 1870-1914    M A TATA
1922    BLitt    Oxford    The Indian calico trade and its influence on English history    P J THOMAS
1922    MSc    London    The cotton industry in India to 1757    J N VARMA    Prof Sargeant
1922    PhD    Manchester    The administration of Bengal under Warren Hastings    Sophia WEITZMAN    Prof Muir
1923    MA    Manchester    The administrative and judicial reforms of Lord Cornwallis in Bengal (excluding the permanent settlement)    A ASPINALL    Mr Higham
1923    MA    Manchester    The Residency of Oudh during the administration of Warren Hastings    C C BRACEWELL    Prof Davis
1923    MLitt    Cambridge    Industrial evolution of India in recent times    D R GADGIL
1923    PhD    London    The Punjab as a sovereign state, 1799-1839    GULSHAM LALL    Prof Dodwell
1924    BLitt    Oxford    Development of the cotton industry in Indian from the early 19th century    S DESOUANDE
1925    MA    Liverpool    Henry Dundas and the government of India, 1784-1800    Dorothy THORNTON    Prof Veitch
1926    PhD    Cambridge    The North West Frontier of India, 1890-1909, with a survey of policy since 1849    C C DAVIES
1927    PhD    Leeds    A study of the development of agriculture in the Punjab and its economic effects    K S BAJWA
1927    BLitt    Oxford    The military system of the Mahrattas: its origin and development from the time of the Shivaji to the fall of the Mahratta empire    S SEN
1928    MA    Birmingham    The East India Company crisis, 1770-1773    R BEARD
1928    PhD    Edinburgh    A comparative study of the woollen industry in Scotland and the Punjab    J W SIRAJUDDIN    Dr Rankin
1929    PhD    London    The relations of the Governor-General and council with the Governor and council of Madras under the Regulating Act of 1773    A Das GUPTA    Prof Dodwell
1929    PhD    London, LSE    The evolution of Indian income tax, 1860-1922: a historical, critical and comparative study    J P NIYOGI
1929    PhD    London    Development of Indian ralways, 1842-1928    N SANYAL    Prof Foxwell; Dr Slater
1930    PhD    London    Financial history of Mysore, 1799-1831    M H GOPAL    Dr Slater; Prof Dodwell
1930    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s Soc    The development of political institutions in the state of Travancore, 1885-1924    V M ITTYERAH
1930    BLitt    Oxford    Sir Charles Crosthwaite and the consolidation of Burma    Mys J MAY-OUNG
1930    PhD    London, SOAS    Revenue administration of the Sirkars under the East India Company down to 1802    Lanka SUNDERAM
1930    PhD    London, LSE    Hastings’ experiments in the judicial administration    N J M YUSUF
1931    PhD    London    State policy and economic development in Mysore State since 1881    UDAYAM ABHAYAMBAL    Miss Anstey
1931    PhD    London    The origin and early history of public debt in India    P DATTA    Prof Coatman
1931    MA    London    Lord Macaulay and the Indian Legislative Council    C D DHARKAR    Prof Dodwell
1931    MA    London    The bilingual problem in Ceylon    T D JAYASURIYA
1931    PhD    London; LSE    Study of agricultural cooperation in India based upon foreign experience    H L PASRICHA    Prof Gregory
1931    PhD    London, UC    The administration of Mysore under Sir Mark Cubbon. 1834-1861    K N V SASTRI    Prof Dodwell

1931    PhD    London, SOAS    Administrative beginnings in British Burma, 1826-1843    Barbara J STEWART

1931/32    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    English social life in India in the 18th century    T G P SPEAR
1932    PhD    London    The growth and development of the Indian tea industry and trade    S M AKHTAR    Dr Anstey
1932    PhD    London    Anglo-Sikh relations, 1839-1849    K C KHANNA    Prof Dodwell
1932    PhD    London, LSE    Indian commodity market speculation    L N MISRA    Prof Coatman
1932    PhD    London, LSE    Indian foreign trade, 1870-1930    Parimal RAY    Prof Sargent
1932    PhD    London, King’s    Ceylon under the British occupation: its political and economic development, 1795-1833    C R de SILVA    Prof Newton
1932    PhD    London    Post-war labour legislation in India – a comparison with Japan    Sasadhar SINHA    Dr Anstey
1932    PhD    London    Local finance in India    G C VARMA    Prof Coatman
1933    PhD    Leeds    Historical survey of the financial policy of the government of India from 1857 to 1900 and of its economic and other consequences    H S BHAI
1933    PhD    London    The relations between the Board of Commissioners for the affairs of India and the Court of Directors, 1784-1816    P CHANDRA    Prof Coatman
1934    PhD    London    The influence of the home government on land revenue and judicial administration in the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal from 1807-1822    B S BALIGA    Prof Dodwell
1934    MSc    Leeds    A survey of the resources of tanning materials and the leather industry of Bhopal State, India    G W DOUGLAS
1934    PhD    Edinburgh    Human geography of Bengal    Arthur GEDDES
1934    BLitt    Oxford, Somerville    A study of the legal and administrative records of Dacca as illustrating the policy of Warren Hastings in East Bengal    F M SACHSE
1934    BLitt    Oxford    Biography of Maharaja DalipSingh    K S THAPER
1935    DPhil    Oxford    The development of the Indian administrative and financial system, 1858-1905, with special reference to the relations    F J THOMAS
1936    MSc    London    British Indian administration: a historical study    K R Ramaswami AIYANGAR
1936    MA    London    Lord Ellenborough’s ideas on Indian policy    Kathleen I GARRETT    Dr Morrell
1936    MA    London    British public opinion regarding Indian policy at the time of the mutiny    Jessie HOLMES    Dr Morrell
1936    PhD    London, SOAS    The rise and fall of the Rohilla power in Hindustan, 1707-1774 AD    A F M K RAHMAN
1936/37    PhD    Edinburgh    Indian foreign trade, 1900-1931, and its economic background: a study    W B RAGHAVIAH
1937    PhD    Cambridge, Gonville    The national income of British India, 1931-1932    V K R V RAO
1937    PhD    London, LSE    Culture change in South-Western India    A AIYAPPAN
1937    PhD    London, UC    Banks and industrial finance in India    R BAGCHI
1937    PhD    London    Development of social and political ideas in Bengal, 1858-1884    B C BHATTACHARYA    Prof Dodwell
1937    MSc    Leeds    An interpretation of the distribution of the population within the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh    Nora Y BOYDELL
1937    PhD    London, LSE    Rise and growth of Indian liberalism    M A BUCH
1937    PhD    London, LSE    Industrial finance and management in India    N DAS
1937    MSc    London, LSE    The effect of the breakdown of the international gold standard on India    R DORAISWAMY
1937    PhD    London, LSE    The problem of rural indebtedness in Indian economic life    B G GHATE
1937    MSc    London, LSE    Indian coal trade    J GUHATHAKURTA
1937    PhD    London SOAS    Reorganisation of the Punjab government (1847-1857)    R C LAI

1937    PhD    London, External    An economic and regional geography of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh    S M T RIZVI
1937    PhD    Wales    Purposes and methods of recording and accounting as applied to agriculture, with special reference to provision and use of economic data relating to agriculture in India    Arjan SINGH
1938    PhD    London, SOAS    The relations between Oudh and the East India Company from 1785-1801    P BASU
1938    PhD    London,  SOAS    East India Company’s relations with Assam, 1771-1826    S K BHUYAN
1938    PhD    London, LSE    Discretionary powers in the Indian Government with special reference to district administration    B CHAND
1938    MA    London, SOAS    The British conquest of Sind    K A CHISHTI
1938    PhD    Cambridge, Christ’s    The working of the Bengal legislative council under the Government of India Act, 1919    J G DRUMMOND
1938    MA    London    British relations with the Sikhs and Afghans, July 1823 to March 1840    E R KAPADIA
1938    PhD    London, SOAS    The East India interest and the British government, 1784-1833    C H PHILIPS
1938    PhD    London, LSE    The position of the Viceroy and Governor General of India    A RUDRA
1938    MA    London    British relations with the Sikhs and Afghans, July 1823 to March 1840    Charles WADE
1938/39    PhD    Edinburgh    Agricultural geography of the United Provinces    B N MUKERJI
1939    PhD    London, LSE    Industrial development of Mysore    R BALAKRISHNA
1939    MA    London, LSE    A general geographical account of the North West Frontier Province of India    M A K DURRANI
1939    PhD    Wales    The international production and exchange of rice with special reference to the production, market demand and consumption of rice in India and Burma    Ahmas KHAN
1939    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s Soc    The Governor-Generalship of Sir John Shore, 1793-1798    A W MAHMOOD
1939    PhD    London, LSE    Indian provincial finance (1919-1937) with special reference to the United Provinces    B R MISRA
1940    PhD    London, LSE    Recent economic depression in India with reference to agriculture and rural life    R K BHAN
1940    PhD    Wales    The future of agricultural cooperation in the United Provinces (with an examination of the cooperative experience)with special reference to the problems of agricultural cooperation in the United Provinces, India    H R CHATURVEDI
1940    PhD    London, LSE    An administrative study of the development of the civil service in India during the Company’s regime    A K GHOSAL
1940    PhD    Wales    The production, marketing and consumption of the chief oilseeds in India and the supply and use of oilseeds in the United Kingdom    A S KHAN
1940    PhD    Wales    Principles of agricultural planning with reference to relationships of natural resources, populations and dietaries in India and with further reference to rural development in certain provinces of India    Jaswant SINGH
1941    PhD    London, LSE    Financing of local authorities in British India    A N BANERJI
1941    PhD    London    The political and cultural history of the Punjab including the North West Frontier Province in its earliest period    L CHANDRA    Prof Barnett
1941    PhD    London, LSE    Capital development of India, 1860-1913    A KRISHNASAWMI
1941    PhD    London, LSE    Influence of European political doctrines upon the evolution of the Indian governmental institutions and practice, 1858-1938    G PRASAD
1942    MLitt    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    Economic and political relations of India with Iran and Afghanistan since 1900    T BASU
1942    PhD    Edinburgh    A study of missionary policy and methods in Bengal from 1793 to 1905    W B S DAVIS    Prof Watt; Prof Buleigh
1943    PhD    London, LSE    Development of large scale industries in India and their localisation    N S SASTRI
1944    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s    Communal representation and Indian self-government    I J BAHADOORSINGH
1944    MA    London, External    The physiographic evolution of Ceylon    K KULARATNAM
1946    MA    London, SOAS    The origins and development to 1892 of the Indian National Congress    Iris M JONES
1947    PhD    London, LSE    The agricultural geography of Bihar    P DAYAL
1947    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    Consumer expenditure in India, 1931/32 to 1940/41    R L DESAI
1947    MA    London, LSE    Power resources and utilisation in the United Provinces    P K DUTT
1947    PhD    London, LSE    Cultural change with special reference to the hill tribes of Burma and Assam    Edmund Ronald LEACH
1947    PhD    London, SOAS    The judicial administration of the East India Company in Bengal, 1765-1982    B B MISRA
1947    PhD    London, LSE    The monetary policy of the Reserve Bank of India with special reference to the structural and institutional factors in the economy    K N RAJ
1948    PhD    Wales    The principles and practice of health insurance as applied to India    J AGRAWALA
1948    MSc    London, LSE    International monetary policy since 1919 with special reference to India    D C GHOSE
1948    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    British policy on the North East Frontier of India, 1826-1886    S GUPTA
1948    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    Local self-government in the Madras Presidency, 1850-1919    K K PILLAY
1948    PhD    London, LSE    The problem of the standards of the Indian currency    A SADEQUE
1948    DPhil    Oxford, Exeter    The social function of religion in a south India community    Mysore Narasimhashar SRINIVAS
1948    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s Society    Some aspects of agricultural marketing in India with reference to developments in western marketing systems    R S SRIVASTAVA
1948    PhD    London,. SOAS    Muslims in India: a political analysis (from 1885-906)    Rafiq ZAKARIA
1949    PhD    London, LSE    Settlements in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh    E AHMAD
1949    PhD    London, SOAS    The growth of self-government in Assam, 1984-1919    A K BARKAKOTY
1949    PhD    London, SOAS    British administration in Assam (1825-1845)with special reference to the hill tribes on the frontier    H BARPUJARI
1949    MA    London    An enquiry into the development of training of teachers in the Punjab during the British period    Aquila B BERLAS
1949    PhD    London, LSE    The problem of federation in India with special reference to economic relations    J N BHAN
1949    PhD    London, LSE    A study of methods of national income measurements with special reference to the problems of India    V K CHOPRA
1949    PhD    London, LSE    An analysis of the Indian price structure from 1861    A K GHOSH
1949    DPhil    Oxford, Keble    The achievement of Christian missionaries in India, 1794-1833    Kenneth INGHAM
1949    PhD    Wales    The organization and methods of agricultural cooperation in the British Isles and the possibility of their application in the Central Province of India    N Y KHER
1949    PhD    London, LSE    Industrial geography of Bihar    S A MAJID
1949    PhD    London, LSE    Development of Indian public finance during the war, April 1939-March 1946    S MISRA
1949    PhD    London, LSE    A study of the methods of state regulation of wages with special reference to their possible applications in India    S B L NIGAM
1949    PhD    London, SOAS    The development of marriage in ancient India    B C PAUL
1949    PhD    St Andrews    The social and administrative reforms of Lord William Bentinck    G SEED
1950    PhD    London, LSE    Jails and borstals with special reference to West Bengal    B BHATTACHARYYA    Dr Mannheim
1950    PhD    London    The growth of local self-government in Assam, 1874-1919    A K BORKAKOTY    Prof C R Philips; Prof Hall
1950    DPhil    Oxford, Lady Margaret Hall    The problem of the Indian immigrant in British colonial policy after 1834    I Mary CUMPSTON
1950    PhD    London, LSE    Underemployment and industrialisation: a study of the basic problems with special reference to India    B DATTA
1950    PhD    London, UC    The agriculture of Mysore    G K GHORI
1950    PhD    London, SOAS    The influence of western, particularly English, political ideas on Indian political thought, with special reference to the political ideas of the Indian National Congress, 1885-1919    Sailesh C GHOSH
1950    PhD    London, LSE    Principles of unemployment insurance and assistance with special reference to their application to India    D GUPTA
1950    PhD    Newcastle    Anglo-Afghan relations, 1798-1878, with particular reference to British policy in Central Asia and on the North West Frontier of India    M KHAN
1950    PhD    London, LSE    The social consequences of imperialism with special reference to Ceylon    P R PIERIS
1950    PhD    London, LSE    An experiment in the estimation of national income and the in the construction of social accounts of India, 1945-1946    D N SAXENA    Mr Booker
1950    PhD    London, SOAS    The relations between the home and Indian governments, 1858-1870    Zahinuddin  Husain ZOBERI
1951    PhD    London, External    Memoir of the geology and mineral resources of the neighbourhood of Bentong, Pahang and adjoining portions of Selangor and Negri Sembilan, incorporating an account of the prospecting and mining activities of the Bentong District    J B ALEXANDER
1951    BLitt    Oxford, Exeter    The political organization of the plains Indians    Frederick George BAILEY
1951    BLitt    Oxford, Corpus    Southern India under Wellesley, 1798-1805    A S BENNELL    Mr C C Davies
1951    PhD    London, LSE    Problems of the Indian foreign exchanges since 1927    D GHOSH
1951    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    The Viceroyalty of Lord Ripon, 1880-1884    S GOPAL    Mr R C Davies
1951    MA    Wales    The problem of the Straits, 1896-1936    E W GRIFFITHS
1951    PhD    London, LSE    Sources of Indian official statistics relating to production    O P GUPTA    Dr Rhodes
1951    MA    Manchester    The administration and financial control of municipalities and district boards in the UP    N K KATHIA
1951    PhD    Glasgow    The legal and constitutional implications of the evolution of Indian independence    R KEMAL
1951    PhD    Cambridge, Jesus    An analysis of the Hindu caste system in its interactions with the total social structure in certain parts of the Malabar coast    E J MILLER    Prof Hutton
1951    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    Changes in matrilineal kinship on th Malabar coast    E K MILLER    Prof Hutton
1951    PhD    Bristol    Agriculture and horticulture in India – sundry papers    K C NAIK
1951    MA    Manchester    An economic survey of West Pakistan    A SHARIF
1951    PhD    Cambridge    The interpretation of legislative powers under the Government of India Act, 1935    S D SHARMA
1951    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s Society    Religion and society among some of the tribes of Chota Nagpur    H N C STEVENSON
1951        London, SOAS    The political development of Burma during the period 1918-1935    OHN TIN
1951    PhD    London, LSE    The working of the Donoughmore constitution of Ceylon, 1931-1947: a study of a colonial central government by executive committees    Irripitwebadalge don Samaradasa WEERAWARDANA    Mr W H Morris-Jones
1952    PhD    London SOAS    The career of Mir Jafar Khan, 1757-1765 AD    Raya ATULA-CHANDRA    Prof C H Philips
1952    PhD    London, LSE    The development of Calcutta: a study in urban geography    M GUHA    Prof L D Stamp; Prof O H K Spate
1952    PhD    London, LSE    The East India Company’s land policy and management in Bengal from 1698 to 1784    Mazharul HUQ    Dr Anstey
1952    MA    Leeds    The social accounts relating to Ceylon    E L P JAYTILAKA
1952    MSc    London, LSE    Rural industries in India: a study in rural economic development with special reference to Madras    C K KAUSUKUTTY    Dr Anstey
1952    MSc    London, LSE    India’s balance of international payments with special reference to her food and agricultural conditions    G B KULKARNI    Dr Anstey; Dr Raeburn
1952    PhD    Cambridge    Utilitarian influence and the formation of Indian policy, 1820-1840    E T STOKES
1952    PhD    London, SOAS    Local government in India and Burma, 1908-1937: a comparative study of the evolution and working of local authorities in Bombay, the United Provinces and Burma    Hugh R TINKER    Prof Hall
1953    PhD    London, LSE    Economic geography of East Pakistan    N AHMAD    Prof Stamp
1953    MSc    London, UC    the changing pattern of India’s foreign trade, with special reference to the impact of large scale industrial development since 1919    A ALAGAPPAN
1953    PhD    London, SOAS    The East India Company and the economy of Bengal from 1704 to 1740    Sukumar BHATTACHARYYA    Prof C H Philips
1953    MA    Wales    National income of Pakistan for the year 1948-49    Z ul H CHAUDRI
1953    MLitt    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    The influence of Western thought on social, educational, political and cultural development of India, 1818-1840    V DATTA    Dr T G P Spear
1953    MSc    Belfast    The growth of trade unions in India    S DAYAL
1953    PhD    London    The establishment of Dutch power in Ceylon, 1638-1658     K W GOONEWARDENA    Prof Hall
1953    PhD    London, LSE    The submontane region of North West Pakistan: a geographical study of its economic development    Maryam KARAM-ELAHI    Prof Buchanan; Prof Stamp
1953    PhD    London, LSE    A study of rhe measurement of national product and its distribution, with special reference to Pakistan    A H KHANDKER
1953    PhD    Edinburgh    A regional study of survival, mortality and disease in British India in relation to the geographic factors, 1921-1940    A T A LEARMONTH
1953    PhD    London, SOAS    Development of the Muslims of Bengal and Bihar, 1819-1856, with special reference to their education    A R MAALICK    Prof Philips
1953    DPhil    Oxford, Jesus    The study of the economy of self-subsisting rural communities: the methods of investigation, economic conditions and economic relations, with specific reference to India    P K MUKHOPADHYAY
1953    PhD    London, LSE    The relationship of land tenure to the economic modernization of Uttar Pradesh    W C NEALE
1953    PhD    London, Bedford    Social status of women during the past fifty years (1900=1950)    T N PATEL    Mrs B Wootton
1953    PhD    London, LSE    The state in relation to trade unions and trade disputes in India    Anand PRAKASH    Mr W H Morris-Jones; Mr Roberts
1953    MA    London, SOAS    The tribal village in Bihar    SACHCHIDANANDA    Prof C Haimendorf
1953    PhD    London, UC    Delegated legislation in India    V N SHULKA    Prof Keeton
1953    PhD    London, SOAS    The internal policy of the Indian government, 1885-1898    H L SINGH    Prof C H Philips
1953    PhD    London, SOAS    The internal policy of Lord Auckland in British India, 1836-1842, with special reference to education    D P SINHA    Prof C H Philips
1953/54    MA    Leeds    Demand for certain exports of Ceylon    K THARMARATNAM
1954    MA    London    The administration of Sir Henry Ward,Governor of Ceylon, 1855-1860    S V BALASINGHAM    Prof Graham
1954    PhD    London, SOAS    Social policy and social change in Western India, 1817-1830    Kenneth A BALLHATCHET    Prof C H Philips
1954    Dphil    Oxford, St Hilda’s    Lord William Bentinck in Bengal, 1828-1835    C E BARRETT    Dr C C Davies
1954    MA    London    A historical survey of the training of teachers in Bengal in the 19th and 20th centuries    S BHATTACHARYA
1954    MA    London, SOAS    Evolution of representative government in India, 1884-1909    Sasadhar CHAKRAVARTY    Prof C H Philips

1954    PhD    London, LSE    Consumption levels in India    T P CHAUDHURI
1954    PhD    London, LSE    The forests of Assam: a study in economic geography    H DAS
1954    MSc    Leeds    A study of price fixing for agricultural products with special reference to milk in Great Britain and Bombay    N K DESAI
1954    BLitt    St Andrews    Eldred Pottinger and the North West Frontier, 1838-1842    D W F GOURLAY    Sir C Ogilvie
1954    PhD    London, LSE    The Korean crisis and the Indian Union    K GUPTA
1954    MA    Manchester    Some aspects of the development of Pakistan’s financial structure    M HOSSAIN
1954    MSc    London, LSE    Financing economic development in Ceylon    A T JAYAKODDY    Prof Paish; Dr Anstey
1954    PhD    London, LSE    Measurement of profits: a study of methods with special reference to India    R K NIGAM
1954    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    A study of communal representation in constitutional systems of the British Commonwealth with specific reference to Ceylon, Kenya and Fiji    Carl Gustav ROSBERG    Mr K E Robinson
1954    PhD    London, LSE    Land utilization in Eastern Uttar Pradesh (comprising the districts of Jaunpur, Banares, Guezipur, Azamgarh and Baldea)    M SHAFI    Prof Stamp; Mr R R Rawson
1954    PhD    London, LSE    Representation and representative government in the Indian Republic    Irene C TINKER    Mr W H Morris-Jones
1954    PhD    London, SOAS    Trade and finance in the Bengal Presidency, 1793-1833    Amales TRIPATHY    Prof C H Phillips
1954    PhD    London, LSE    Some aspects of the history of the coffee industry in Ceylon with specific reference to 1823-1885    I H VAN DEN DRIESEN    Mr Fisher
1954    PhD    London, LSE    The Manning constitution of Ceylon, 1924-1931    Alfred Jeyaretnam WILSON    Mr R Bassett; Mr W H Morris-Jones
1955    MSC    London, LSE    Some aspects of the history of British investments in the private sector of the Indian economy, 1876-1914    N Z AHMED    Dr Ashworth; F J Fisher
1955    PhD    Manchester    The social organisation of a village on the Hindu frontier of Orissa    Frederick George BAILEY
1955    LLM    London, LSE    Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements in India: a comparative study    B N BANERJEE
1955    PhD    London    The administration of criminal justice in Bengal from 1773 to 1861    T K BANERJEE    S A de Smith; Prof A Gledhill
1955    MA    London    The East India Company in Madras, 1707-1744    R N BANERJI
1955    PhD    London    The factory of the English East India Company at bantam, 1602-1682    D K BASSETT    Prof D G E Hall
1955    PhD    London, LSSE    Pressure of population on land in India: a regional approach    B S BHIR
1955    MA    London, SOAS    The economic policy of the Government of India, 1898-1905    Edna BONNER    Prof C R Philips
1955    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The educational policy of the East India Company, 1781-1854    J G BOWEN    Mr C C Davies
1955    BLitt    Oxford, Magdalen    Indian labour migration to Malaya, 1867-1910    D A CALMAN    Dr A F Madden
1955    PhD    London, LSE    Consumption levels in India    T P CHOUDHURY
1955    PhD    London, LSE    The Malay family in Singapore    J DJAMOUR
1955    PhD    Edinburgh    The abolition of the East India Company’s monopoly, 1833    D EYLES    Prof Pares
1955    MLitt    Cambridge. Fitzwilliam House    The mongoloids and their contributions to the growth of Assamese culture    M C GOSWAMI    Dr J E Lindgren
1955    PhD    London, SOAS    The administration of the Delhi Territory, 1803-1832    Jessie HOLMES    Prof C H Philips
1955    MSc (Econ)    London, LSE    Taxation and saving in India    D JHA
1955    MSc    London, LSE    A comparison of the federal aspects of the Government of India Act, 1935, and the constitution of 1950    S KHAN
1955    MA    London, SOAS    Some aspects of the social history of Bengal with special reference to the Muslims, 1854-1884    L KHATOON    Prof Philips
1955    PhD    Aberdeen    Ports of the Indian ocean: an historical geography    W KIRK    A C O’Dell
1955    PhD    Cambridge, Peterhouse    British investment in Indian guaranteed railways, 1845-1875    W J MACPHERSON    Mr K E Berrill
1955    PhD    London, UC    Fundamental freedoms, with particular reference to the Indian constitution    J C MEHDI    Prof G W Keeton
1955    PhD    Birmingham    The educational ideas of Mahatma Gandhi    N P PILLAI
1955    MA    Manchester    Cottage industries in Bihar    S B SAXENA
1955    PhD    London, LSE    The Indian jute industry: a study of agricultural geography    P SENGUPTA
1955    PhD    London,  LSE    The political philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi in relation to the English liberal tradition    Bishan Sarup SHARMA
1955    LLM    London, SOAS    Distribution of legislative power under the India constitution    R P SHARMA
1955    PhD    London , SOAS    The Council of India, 1858-1919    S SINGH    Prof C H Philips
1955    PhD    London LSE    The origin and development of left wing movements and ideas in India, 1919-1947    Lalan Prasad SINHA    R Mikband; W H Morris-Jones
1955    PhD    London; SOAS    British interest in trans-Burma trade routes to China, 1826-1876    Ma THAUNG
1955    MA    London    The training of teachers in the Bombay Presidency during the British period: a historical survey    N L VAIDYA
1955    PhD    Edinburgh    Save there, eat here: a cultural study of labour migration from a Pakhtun village    Francis Philip WATKINS
1955    PhD    London, LSE    The southeast quadrant of Ceylon: a study of the geographical aspects of land use    W A R WIKKRAMATILEKE
1956    PhD    London, SOAS    The Dutch power in Ceylon, 1658-1687    S ARASARATNAM    Prof D Hall
1956    PhD    London, LSE    Land use and soil erosion problems of Bist Jullundur Doab, Punjab, India    O P BHARDWAJA
1956    PhD    London, SOAS    British rule in Assam, 1845-1858    B CHAUDHURI    Prof C R Philips
1956    PhD    London, SOAS    Sir Josiah Child and the East India Company at the end of the 17th century    A L CROWE    Prof C Philips
1956    MSc    London, LSE    Scope and method of agricultural economic surveys in India    N Y Z FARUQI    Dr Raeburn
1956    PhD    London, LSE    A study of capital taxation and its scope in India    I S GULATI
1956    PhD    London, LSE    An analysis of the monetary experience of Ceylon    H A de S GUNASEKERA    Prof Sayers; Mr Wilson
1956    PhD    London, LSE    Federal finance and economic development with special reference to Pakistan    M HOSSAIN
1956    PhD    London, LSE    The demand for Indian exports and imports: an econometric study of selected commodities    A K MUKERJI    Prof Allen; Dr Norton
1956    PhD    London, LSE    Capital development in India with special reference to recent trends in investments    Dinanath Kashinath RANGNEKAR    Prof Paish; Dr Anstey
1956    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    A study of India’s balance of payments, 1901-1913 and 1924-1936    B S RAO    Prof E A G Robinson
1956    MA    London, SOAS    The relations between the Indian central and provincial governments with special reference to the Presidencies of Madras and Bombay, 1858-1882    D N SINGH    Prof C H Philips
1957    MA    Birmingham    An examination in disposal and treatment of juvenile delinquents in Bombay State in relation to practice in England    A D ATTAR
1957    MA    London    The development and reconstruction of university education in Pakistan since 1854    S M A AZIZ
1957    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Social organisation of the Jaffna Tamils of North Ceylon with special reference to kinship, marriage and inheritance    M Y BANKS    Mr E R Leach
1957    PhD    London, LSE    West Midnapore: a study of land use    S C CHAKRABORTI
1957    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s    The place of agricultural development in India’s first two Five-Year Plans    A CORREIA-AFONSO
1957    PhD    London, SOAS    Studies in the economic and social development of Inida, 1848-1856    M N DAS    Prof C Philips
1957    MA    London, LSE    The population of Chota Nagpur    H P DEVI    Prof L D Stamp
1957    MSc    London, LSE    Small scale and cottage industries as a means of providing better opportunities for labour in India    Q H FAROOQUEE    Prof A Plant; Mr Foldes
1957    PhD    London, LSE    Fiscal policy and inflation in post-war India, 1945-1954    K V G GOWDA
1957    DPhil    Oxford    Anglo Sikh relations, 1799-1849    B J HASRAT    C C Davies
1957    MLitt    Cambridge, Girton    Indian constitutional development, 1927-1935    M B HASSEN    Dr T G P Spear
1957    PhD    London, LSE    The commitee system in British and Indian local authorities    C JHA    Prof W A Robbins
1957    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    The development of money and banking in Ceylon    J B KELEGAMA
1957    PhD    London, LSE    The civil service in independent India: the All India and Union Civil Services    B S KHANNA    Prof W A Robson
1957    PhD    London, LSE    Urbanization in West Pakistan    K KURESHY
1957    PhD    London, LSE    Hinduism and economic growth: a study of the nature of the impact of Hinduism on India’s economic growth with special emphasis on theperiod since the mid 18th century    B B MISHRA    Dr Anstey
1957    PhD    London, External    Large scale sampling surveys in agriculture in the Punjab (Pakistan)    D M QURESHI
1957    PhD    London, SOAS    British land policy in Oudh    j RAJ    Prof C H Philips
1957    DPhil    Oxford    The Dutch in Coromandel, 1605-1690    Tapan RAYCHAUDHURI
1957    PhD    London, LSE    Geomorphological evolution of the highaland of Chota Nagpur and the adjoining districts of Bihar    R P SINGH
1957    PhD    London, LSE    Credit problems of small farmers in Ceylon    Wijetunga Mudianselagadera TILAKARATNA    Mr A D Knox
1957    PhD    London    The urban geography of Agra    A R TIWARI    Prof A E Smailes
1957/58    PhD    London, SOAS    The life and career of Jonathan Duncan, 1756-1795    V NARAIN
1957/58    PhD    Manchester    A comparative study of informal relationships in a Chinese village in Malaya and north India    W H NEWELL
1957/58    PhD    Manchester    The history of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sind    M H SIDDIQI
1957/58    PhD    Manchester    An analysis of the demand for, and the supply of, food in India    R P SINHA
1958    MA    London, Inst Ed    The missionary activities of the CMS and CZEMS in Kashmir during the second half of the 19th century    S Z AHMED SAH    Prof J A Lauwerys
1958    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    The political organisation of the Swat Pathans    T F W BARTH    Mr E R Leach
1958    MA    London, Inst Ed    A historical survey of the languages problem in Bengal from the Muslim period to the end of the British period    K BHATTACHARYYA
1958    MSc    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    The financing of planned economic development in India    S R DATTA GUPTA    Dr A R Prest
1958    MA    London, LSE    Sociology of marriage rituals in India: a study of Sanskritisation and de-Sanskritisation    B DATTAGUPTA
1958    MSc    Londond, LSE    Some aspects of Indo-British trade during the 20th century with special reference to capital goods    V P DHITAL
1958    MA    London, SOAS    The political system of the Rajputs    Sylvia J DUTRA    Dr Bauley; Prof C von Furer-Haimendorf
1958    MSc    London, LSE    The economics of the tea industry in Ceylon    J M F G FERNANDO    Dr V Anstey
1958    PhD    London    The development of the Indian National Congress, 1892-1909    Pansy C GHOSH    Dr K Balhatchet
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Inflation in India, 1939-1952: a study of inflation in an underdeveloped economy    S K GHOSH    Dr Anstey; Mr Day
1958    PhD    London,SOAS    The internal administration of Lord Lytton, with special reference to social and economic policy, 1876-1880    L M GUJRAL
1958    MLitt    Cambridge, King’s    Sir Richard Jenkins and the Residency at Nagpur, 1807-1818    F A HAGAR    Dr T G P Spear
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Agrarian problems in Bihar based, primarily, on surveys in five villages    F Tomasson JANNUZI    Dr V Anstey
1958    BLitt    Oxford, Campion Hall    An economic and historical study of food grain controls in India during the second world war and after    S C JOSEPH
1958    MSc    London, LSE    Union-state administrative cooperation in India (1937-1952)    M KAMAL    Prof W A Robson
1958    MSc    London, LSE    Problems of the agricultural labourers in India    R P KAMAT
1958    MSc    Cambridge, Newnham    The employment problem in Ceylon    I KANNANGARA    Mrs J V Robinson
1958    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    The commercial and diplomatic relations between India and Tibet in the nineteenth century    H A LAMB    Dr V W W S Purcell
1958    PhD    Cambridge, St Catharine’s    The Dutch East India Company and Mysore, 1762-1790    J van LOHUIZEN    Dr T G P Spear
1958    MA    London, LSE    Social and economic geography of the Mathura District (western Uttar Pradash)    S D MISRA    Mr R R Rawson
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Economics of nutritional problems in India    R N MITRA    Dr Raeburn
1958    PhD    Cambridge, Peterhouse    The analysis of Kandyan marriage: landlords, labourers and aristocrats    OSMAN YALMAN NUR
1958    PhD    London, SOAS    Sir Elijah Impey in India, 1774-1783    Bishwa Nath PANDEY    Prof C H Philips
1958    MA    London, LSE    A geography of the Peshawar region    M Z SAHIBZADA
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Indian monetary policy and debt management since 1939    J C D SETHI    Dr V Anstey; Mr R Turvey
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Strategic aspects of India’s foreign policy    V B L SHARMA
1958    BLitt    Oxford, St Antony’s    The rise and growth of the Praja Socialist Party of India (1934-1935)    H K SINGH    Mr F G Carnell
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Allahabad: a study in urban geography    Ujaqir SINGH    Prof D L Stamp

1958 PhD London, SOAS  Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas  Romila THAPAR Prof A.L.Basham [viz., note from Prof Thapar dated 4 March 2016]

1958    MA    London, SOAS    History of the development of Rangoon    TUN THET    Prof Hall
1958    PhD    London, LSE    India’s membership of the sterling area    Jai Dev VARMA
1958    PhD    Cambridge    The present situation and the probably future of cotton in West Pakistan’s economy    S B WHITEHILL
1958    PhD    Edinburgh    The economic geography of Madhya Pradesh (formerly Central Provinces and Behar)    R H ZAIDI
1959    MSc(Econ)    London, LSE    The industrial worker in East Pakistan: a study in the adaptation of an industrial labour force    A K AHMADULLAH    Prof Phelps
1959    MA    Manchester    The recruitment of Indians into the covenanted civil service, 1853-1892    M R ANWAR
1959    PhD    Manchester    Britain and Muslim India: a study of British public opinion vis-a-vis the development of Muslim nationalism in India, 1905-1947    K K AZIZ
1959    MSc    London, LSE    Problems in corporation taxation with special reference to India    M P BHATT    Mr Turvey
1959    PhD    London, LSE    Applications of linear programming to the development plans of India    B BHATTACHARYYA
1959    MA    London    Trincocmalee and the East Indies Squadron, 1746-1844    H A COLGATE    Prof Graham
1959    PhD    London, LSE    Economic development of Assam with special reference to the 20th century    P GOSWAMI    Dr Anstey
1959    PhD    London    The nationalist movement in Ceylon betweem 1910 and 1931, with special reference to communal and elective problems    D K GREENSTREET    Dr Miliband
1959    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s    Land tenure in the Kandyan provinces of Ceylon    U A GUNASEKERA    Dr D F Pocock
1959    BLitt    Oxford, St Anne’s    The analysis of external trade and economic structure of Ceylon, 1900-1955    O E B GUNEWARDENA    Miss P H Ady
1959    PhD    London, LSE    Some problems of the organisation and administration of public enterprise with special reference to India    L N GUPTA    Prof Robson; Dr Anstey
1959    PhD    Edinburgh    The collection of agricultural statistics and the use of data in the United Kingdom and Pakistan: an objective study to explore possibilities of improvement in Pakistan    Muhammed Altaf HUSSAIN
1959    MA    London, SOAS    Social and administrative policy of the Government of Bengal, 1877-1890    Rokeya KABEER    Prof Basham
1959    PhD    London, External    Industrial relations in India    C B KUMAR
1959    PhD    London, LSE    Some aspects of the problem of implementing agricultural planning in India    Gouri NAG    Mr Knox; Mr Lancaster
1959    PhD    Edinburgh    Early English travellers in India. A study in the travel literature of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods with particular reference to India    R C PRASAD    Prof W L Renwick; Mr G A Shepperson
1959    PhD    London, LSE    Judicial review in India: a study in constitutional theory and judicial practice    V R RAVIKANTI    Mr S de Smith
1959    MA    London, LSE    The position of women in Hinayana Buddhist countries (Burma, Ceylon, Thailand)    S SEIN    Mr F Freedman
1959    PhD    London , LSE    British opinion and Indian neutralism: an analysis of India’s foreign policy in the  light of British public reactions, 1947-1957    Shri Ram SHARMA    Prof Manning
1959/60    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    The cottage industries of India: an enquiry into their economics with special reference to developmental planning    Kedarnath PRASAD
1959/60    PhD    Cambridge, Queen’s    The role of transport and foreign trade in the economic development of Burma under British rule, 1885-1914    Maung SHEIN
1959/60    PhD    London, External    North east Baluchistan, Quetta Division: a critical evaluation of the land and its resources    A H SIDDIQI
1959/60    MA    Manchester    An analysis of the principal factors affecting India’s policy toward her Himalayan border    J TOOMRE
1960    PhD    London, SOAS    Some aspects of the history of the Muslim community in Bengal, 1884-1912    Sufia AHMED    Prof C H Philips
1960    MA    London    Aspects of the economic development of the Assam valley, 1858-1884    A C BARUA    Dr K Ballhatchet
1960    PhD    Cambridge    Thomas Munro and the development of administrative policy in Madras, 1791-1818: the origins of “the Munro system”    T H BEAGLEHOLE    Dr K Ballhatchet
1960    PhD    London, LSE    Measurements of production and productivity in Indian industry with special reference to methodological aspects    G C BERI
1960    PhD    London, SOAS    The state and the cooperative movement in the Bombay Presidency, 1880-1930    I J CATANACH    Dr K Ballhatchet
1960    PhD    London, LSE    The centrally recruited services in Pakistan    M A CHAUDHURI    Prof P Robson
1960    DPhil    Oxford, Lincoln    Portuguese society in India in the sixteenth and seveteenth centuries    K J CROWTHER
1960    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    Cottage industries of Ceylon    H D DIAS    Mr B H Farmer
1960    MSc (Econ)    London    Someproblems of agriculture in the Vale of Peshawar (West Pakistan)    Lloyd Suttor EDMONDS
1960    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    Malabar in Asian trade, 1740-1800    Asin Ranjan Das GUPTA

1960    MA    Wales, Swansea    Indian international transactions 1948 to 1958    C GURUPRASAD
1960    PhD    London, SOAS    British policy on the North West Frontier Province of India, 1889-1901    L HARRIS    Prof K Ballhatchet
1960    PhD    London, External    Agricultural geography of East Pakistan    B L C JOHNSON
1960    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The Indian National Congress, 1918-1923    G KKRISHNA    Dr G F Hudson
1960    PhD    London    The growth of the idea of Commonwealth in India. 1900-1929    S R MEHROTRA    Prof Philips
1960    PhD    London    The Burma-China boundary since 1886    Khin Maung NYUNT
1960    PhD    London, Birkbeck    Colombo: a study in urban geography    D B L PANDITARATNA    Prof A L Basham
1960    PhD    London, LSE    The law and the banker in Ceylon    M J L RAJANAYAGAM    Prof Gower
1960    PhD    London, LSE    Land reforms and some allied agrarian problems in Madras State since independence    Arungiri RAMASWAMI
1960    PhD    London LSE    Economic aspects of the sugar industry in India    Saraswathi RAU    Dr Raeburn
1960    PhD    London, LSE    Industrial injuries schemes in India and Britain: a comparative study    B RAYCHAUDHURI
1960    MSc    London, LSE    Wage boards in British and the application of their proceedings in India    C J N SAXENA    Prof Phelps Brown
1960    PhD    London, LSE    Recent changes in land use in the Upper Damodar Basin, India    A SHARAN    Mr Rawson
1960    PhD    London, SOAS    English relations with Haidar Ali, 1760-1782    B SHEIK ALI
1960    MA    London, Inst Ed    A comparative study of the language problem at the university level in India    R K YADAVA
1960    PhD    London, SOAS    Anglo-Chinese diplomacy regarding Burma, 1885-1897    Nancy Iu YAN-KIT
1960/61    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    Surplus manpower in agriculture and economic development with special reference to India    P S SANGHVI    Dr M R Fisher
1960/61    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    A critique of surplus labour doctrine as applied to the Pakistan in 1947-1957    Rehana TANWIR
1961    PhD    London    Constitutional and political aspects of the public corporation in Britain and India    R S ARORA
1961    BLitt    Oxford, Exeter    Some aspects of change in the structure of the Muslim family in the Punjab under British rule    T ASAD    Dr D F Pocock
1961    PhD    London, SOAS    The structure and organisatioin of the Bengal Native Infantry with special reference to the problems of discipline (1796-1852)    Amiya BARAT    Dr K Ballhatchet
1961    PhD    London, LSE    Howrah: an urban study    A CHATTOPADHYAY    Dr E Jones
1961    PhD    Leeds    India, Britain and Russia: a study of British opinion    V K CHAVDA    Prof Briggs
1961    DPhil    Oxford, Magdalen    Muslim politics in the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent, 1858-1916    M CHUGHTAI    Dr C C Davies
1961    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    Henry Dundas and the government of India, 1773-1801    B DE    Mr Davies
1961    PhD    London, SOAS    Some aspects of the development of social policy in Ceylon, 1840-1955 with special reference to the influence of missionary organisations    K M DE SILVA    Dr K Ballhatchet
1961    MSc    London    The economics, organisation and administration of the Indian paper industry    B N DHAR
1961    PhD    London    The administration of Guntur District with special reference to local influences on revenue policy, 1837-1848    Robert Eric FRYKENBERG    Dr K Ballhatchet
1961    PhD    Cambridge    Sir Richard Temple and the government of India 1868-1880: some trends in Indian administrative policy    G R G HAMBLY
1961    PhD    London, SOAS    Tribal unrest on the south-west frontier of the Bengal Presidency, 1831-1833    J C JHA
1961    MA    London, SOAS    Changing values in the Naga Hills and Manipur State    M KALABOVA    Prof C Von Furer Haimerdorf
1961    PhD    London, External    Financial administration in Ceylon since independence    V KANESALINGHAM
1961    MSc    London, LSE    Government of India policy towards Portuguese possessions in India from 1947 to 1957    R A KHAN
1961    PhD    London, SOAS    The development of nationalist ideas and tactics and the policies of the government of India    J R McLANE
1961    PhD    London, SOAS    The Kurumas of Malabar    Richard Lionel ROOKSBY
1961    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity Hall    The Ceylon economy, 1920-1938: a national accounts study    M R P SALGADO    Dr B B Das Gupta
1961    MA    London, SOAS    The social and political organisation of the Kandyan Kingdom (Ceylon)    S B W WICKREMASEKERA
1961/62    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    The growth of agricultural labour in the Madras Presidency in the nineteenth century    Dharma KUMAR    Mr J Gallagher
1962    MA    London, LSE    Population changes in West Bengal, 1872-1951    A BHATTACHARYYA    Prof Jones
1962    MA    London, Inst Ed    Policies regarding higher education in Ceylon during the 19th and 20th centuries with special reference to the establishment of the University of Ceylon    P CHANDRASEGARAM    Mr B Holmes
1962    PhD    London    The development of the English East India Company with special reference to its trade and organization, 1600-1640    K N CHAUDHURI
1962    PhD    Edinburgh    The control of public expenditure in less-developed countries with special reference to India    usha DAR
1962    PhD    London, LSE    Investment and economic growth in Ceylon    S B D DE SILVA    Prof Paish
1962    PhD    Londond, Birkbeck    The North West frontier of West Pakistan: a study in regional geography    D DICHTER    Prof East
1962    PhD    London    Social institutions in Ceylon 5th century BC to 4th century AD    H ELLAWALLA    Prof Basham; Dr de Casparia
1962    MLitt    Durham    The political ideas of Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall    P HASSAN    Prof W H Morris Jones
1962    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Some aspects of the social and political thought of Mahatma Gandhi    Raghavan Narasimhan IYER    Mr J P Plamenatz
1962    PhD    London, SOAS    Murshid Quli Khan and his times    Abdul KARIM    Mr Harrison
1962    PhD    London    Indo-Ceylon relations since independence    Shelton Upatissa KODIKARA
1962    PhD    London    The fiscal policy of the central government of India since independence and its economic effects    J MADHAB
1962    DPhil    Oxford, Wadham    The impeachment of Warren Hastings    Peter James MARSHALL    Principal of Lady Margeret Hall
1962    PhD    London, External    Social geography of Himachal Pradesh    S D MISRA
1962    PhD    London, LSE    Public administration aspects of community development in India (with special reference to Rajasthan)    D C POTTER
1962    PhD    London, LSE    The development of the Indian capital market with special reference to the managing agent system    B PRASAD    Dr Paish; Dr Anstey
1962    PhD    London,  LSE    A study of productivity problems in the cotton textile industries of the UK (Lancashire) and India (Bombay and Ahmedabad) since the Second World War    S P S PRUTHI    Mr Roberts
1962    PhD    London    The political and constitutional evolution of Burma from 1923-1936    Asha RAM
1962    PhD    London, Inst Ed    Education in colonial Ceylon, being a research study on the history of education in Ceylon for the period 1796 to 1834    T R A RUBERU
1962    PhD    Edinburgh    Scottish experience in the impact of farm mechanisation on the employment and use of man labour with observatioins on possible Indian problems in this field    Kalyan Kumar SARKAR
1962    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity Hall    The emergence of Indian nationalism, 1885-1915    A SEAL    Mr J Gallagher
1962    PhD    Manchester    A comparative study of the central administrative organisation in India and in some other Commonwealth countries    S C SETH
1962    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    India’s export performance, 1951-1960, export prospects and policy implications    M V SINGH    Dr I M D Little
1962    PhD    Manchester    Some aspects of the administration of community projects in India    T N SRIVASTAVA
1962    PhD    London, QMC    Aspects of the urban geography of new Delhi    M P THAKORE    Prof Smailes
1962    PhD    London    Family planning in India: a field study of attitudes and behaviour in a population of Delhi compared with results of existing research in India and elsewhere    S THAPER
1962   PhD    London, SOAS    Lord Minto and the Indian nationalist movement with special reference to the political activities of the Indian Muslims, 1905-1910    S R WASTI
1962    DPhil    Oxford, New    The formation of policy in the India Office, 1858-1866, with special reference to the Political, Judicial, Revenue and Public Works Departments    D WILLIAMS    Mr C C Davies
1962/63    MA    London, Inst Ed    Education in the Roman Catholic missions in Ceylon in the second half of the 19th century (1842-1905)    C N V FERNANDO    Dr Weitzman
1962/63    PhD    London, External    Sterling tea and rubber companies in Ceylon, 1889-1958    N RAMACHANDRAN
1963    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    Land systems in the Punjab (including North West Frontier Province)as affected by British rule between 1849 and 1901    R AHMAD    Mrs U K Hicks
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    The Bengali reaction to Christian missionary activities, 1833-1957    M M ALI
1963    PhD    Manchester    Economic ideas and Indian economic policies in the nineteenth century    S AMBIRAJAN
1963    PhD    London, UC    The development of the constitution of Jammu and Kashmir    A S ANAND    Mr Holland
1963    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Private investment and partial planning in India    Amiya Kumar BAGCHI
1963    PhD    London    The law of parliamentary elections in India and the United Kingdom    R K BAHL
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    British policy towards the Panjab, 1844-1849    S S BAL    Dr K Ballhatchet
1963    PhD    London    Estimates of the current and capital accounts of the balance of payments of India, 1921/22 to 1938/39, incorporating also the estimates of the government of India    A K BANERJI
1963    MS    London    The governorship of Sir William Gregory in Ceylon    B E St J BASTIAMPILLAI    Prof G S Graham
1963    PhD    Manchester    The industrial growth and technological pluralism in India with special reference to the cotton textile industry    AS BHALLA
1963    PhD    London, LSE    Financial administration of nationalised industries in UK and India    G S BHALLA
1963    MA    London, Inst Ed    A cross-cultural study of interests and attitudes of British and Indian university students    J K BHATNAGAR
1963    MSc    London, LSE    American attitudes towards foreign aid with special reference to the Indian sub continent    E I BRODKIN    Mr Chambers
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    Lord Curzon and the Indian states. 1899-1905    I A BUTT    Dr K A Ballhatchet

1963    MsC    London, UC    A comparative study of the nature and effectiveness of selective credit controls in the UK, India and Australia since 1951    J G CHAPATWALA    Dr Cramp
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    Slavery in the Bengal Presidency under East India Company rule, 1772-1843    A K CHATTOPADHYAY    Major Harrison
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    The rice industry of Burma, 1852-1940    Siok-hwa CHENG    Prof C D Cowan
1963    MA    London, Inst Ed    The effects of diarchy upon educational developments in Bengal, 1919-1953    S K DUTTA GUPTA
1963    PhD    London, LSE    Colonisation of the dry zone of Ceylon    H N C FONSECA
1963    PhD    London    British relations with Kashmir, 1885-1893    D K GHOSE    Dr K Ballhatchet
1963    PhD    Sheffield    The Marquis of Dalhousie and education in India, 1848-1956    Kamala GHOSH
1963    PhD    Manchester    The British Conservative Party and Indian problems. 1927-1935    S C GHOSH
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    British historical writing from Alexander Dow to Mountstuart Elphinstone on Muslim India    J S GREWAL    Dr Hardy
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    Indian politics and the British right, 1914-1922    M R HASSAN    Dr K Ballhatchet
1963    PhD    London, LSE    Ritual pollution and social structure in Hindu Assam    T T S HAYLEY
1963    MSc    London, LSE    English, German, Spanish relations in the Sulu question, 1987-1877    S C HUNTER
1963    PhD    London, LSE    Rainfall, rice fields and irrigation needs in West Bengal    P HUR    Mr Rawson
1963    MSc    London, LSE    Ideological influences in the foreign policy of Pakistan    A HUSSAIN    Dr Manning
1963    MA    Sheffield    The industrial geography of Madras State    Iyer Balasubramanyan HYMA
1963    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    The supply of Sinhalese labour to Ceylon plantations, 1830-1930: a study of imperial policy in a peasant society    L R U JAYAWARDENA    Mr K E Berrill
1963    PhD    London, External    Caste and class in pre-Muslim Bengal: studies in social history of Bengal    N KUNDU
1963    DPhil    Oxford, Jesus    The role and limits of state authority in northern India in the early historical period: an empirical examination of the administration of government    Ian W MABBETT    Prof T Borrow
1963    DPhil    Oxford, Lady Margaret    Lord Minto’s administration in India (1807-1813)with special reference to his foreign policy    Amita MAJUMDAR    Mr C C Davies
1963    DPhil    Oxford, St Hugh’s    Imperial policy in India, 1905-1910    V MAZUMDAR    Dr C C Davies
1963    PhD    London, LSE    The origin, development and problems of village (“community”) projects in India    Vindhyeshwari Prasad PANDE
1963    PhD    London, LSE    Constitutional protection of property in India: a critical and comparative study    P P PANDIT
1963    DPhil    Oxford, Regent’s Park    British Baptist missions and missionaries in India, 1793-1837    E D POTTS    Mr C C Davis
1963    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    Land revenue administration in the ceded and conquered provinces and its economic background, 1819-1833    Asiya SIDDIQI    Mr C C Davis
1963    MA    London, SOAS    British administration in Upper Burma, 1885-1897    Jagjit Singh SIDHU
1963    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s    The Jats: an ethnographic survey    Gunter TIEMANN    Dr D F Pocock
1963    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    The development and significance of transport in India (1834-1882)    K E VERGHESE    Mr C C Davies
1963    PhD    London,  SOAS    Some aspects of Indian society as depicted in the Pali Canon    N K WAGLE
1963    MA    London, LSE    Magic in Malaya    W D WILDER
1963    PhD    London, UC    Basic democracies in Pakistan    M S K YOUSUFZAI    Prof Holland
1964    LlM    London, UC    The origin and nature of presidential powers in Pakistan    M ARIF    Mr Holland
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    The ideological differences between moderates and extremists in the Indian national movement with special reference to Surendranath Banerjea and Lajpat Rai, 1882-1919    D ATGOV    Prof H Tinker
1964    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The Indian Constituent Assembly and the framing of the Indian constitution    G S AUSTIN    Mr F G Carnell
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    The role of Shaikh Ahmad of Sarhind in Islam in India    M Q BAIG    Prof Basham
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    David Scott on the North East Frontier of India and in Assam    N K BAROOAH    Mr Harrison
1964    BLitt    Oxford, Somerville    An examination of marriage ritual among selected groups in South India    B E F BECK
1964    PhD    London, LSE    The mobilisation of savings and the role of financial institutions with special reference to India    M Q M S DALVI    Dr Anstey
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Producers’ rationality and technical changes in agriculture with special reference to India    S DASGUPTA    Dr Anstey; Mr Joy
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    British policy towards the Pathans and Pindaris in central India, 1805-1818    B GHOSH    Dr K Ballhatchet
1964    PhD    Cambridge. Newnham    Service centres in Southern Ceylon    K A GUNAWARDENA    Mr B H Farmer

1964 PhD London, UCL, A Comparative Study of Pakistani Bilingual and Monoglot School Children’s Performance in Verbal and Non Verbal Tests   Rafia HASAN Dr Charlotte Banks (added thanks to information of Naveed Hasan Henderson, PhD London 1995, in a comment below, and confirmed by the University of London Library)

1964    PhD    London, External    An appraisal of public investment policy in India, 1951-1961    J M HEALEY
1964    PhD    London    The formation of British land revenue policy in the ceded and conquered provinces of northern India. 1801-1833    M I HUSAIN    Dr K A Ballhatchet
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Soviet Russia’s policy towards India and its effect on Anglo-Soviet relations, 1917-1928    Z IMAM    Mr Schapiro
1964    PhD    London, Wye    Efficiency in agricultural production; its meaning, measurement and improvement in peasant agriculture with special reference to Pakistan    M S ISLAM
1964    PhD    London, LSE    The urban labour movement in Ceylon with reference to political factors, 1893-1947    V K JAYAWARDENA    Prof Roberts
1964    PhD    London, External    A study of the current trends in the industrial development of Ceylon    V KANAPATHY
1964    PhD    London, LSE    The modern Muslim political elite in Bengal    Abdul Khair Nazmul KARIM
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Iron and steel prices in India since independence    S S MENSINKAI
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    Sir Charles Wood’s Indian policy, 1953-1866    R J MOORE    Prof Basham
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    Lord Northwood’s Indian administration, 1872-1876    E C MOULTON    Dr K Ballhatchet
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Some aspects of agrarian reorganizationin India with special reference to size of holding    B MUKHERJEE    D Anstey
1964    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    British commercial interests and the expansion of the Bombay Presidency, 1784-1806    P NIGHTINGALE    Dr T G P Spear
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    The rise of the Muslim middle class as a political factor in India and Pakistan    A H M NOORUZZAMAN    Prof H Tinker
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    The rev. James Long and Protestant missionary policy in Bengal, 1840-1872    G A ODDIE    Prof K Ballhatchet
1964    PhD    London, Inst Ed    Some issues between the church and state in Ceylon in the education of the people from 1870 to 1901    A RAJAINDRAN    Dr Holmes
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Rural development in India with special reference to agriculture, education and administration    K RAJARATNAM    Dr Anstey
1964    PhD    Durham    The central legislature in British India, 1921-1947    Md RASHIDUZZAMAN    Prof W H Morris-Jones
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Land tenure as related to agricultural efficiency and rural welfare in India    Paramahansa RAY    Dr Anstey; Mr Joy
1964    PhD    London    The revenue administration of Chittagong from 1761 to1784    Alamgir Muhammad SERAJUDDIN    Mr Harrison
1964    BLitt    Oxford, St Hilda’s    A study of representation in multi-lateral communities with special reference to Ceylon and Trinidad from 1946-1961    A SPACKMAN    Dr A F Madden
1964    MSc    London, LSE    Trends in the pattern of distribution of consumer goods in India    B K VADEHRA
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    British administration in the maritime provinces of Ceylon, 1796-1802    U C WICKREMERATNE    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1964    MA    Nottingham    British policy and the defence of Asia, 1903-1905: with special reference to China and India    B WILLCOCK    Dr J A S Grenville
1964/65    PhD    Manchester    Revolution and counter-revolution: a study of British colonial policy as a factor in the growth and disintegration of national liberation movements in Burma and Malaya    F NEMENZO
1964/65    PhD    Nottingham    Impact of the size of the organization on the personnel management function: a comparative study of personnel departments in some British and Indian industrial firms    B P SINGH
1965    DPhil    Oxford, New College    Life and conditions of the people of Bengal (1765-1785)    Z AHMA    Mr C C Davies
1965    PhD    London, External    The commercial progress and administrative development of the East India company on the Coromandel coast during the first half of the 18th century    R N BANERJI
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    The minorities of Southern Asia and public policy with special reference to India (mainly since 1919)    J H BEAGLEHOLE    Prof H Tinker
1965    PhD    Manchester    Urban unemployment in India    RC BHARDWAJ
1965    DPhl    Oxford, Balliol    The governor-generalship of the Marquess of Hastings, 1813-1823, with special reference to the Supreme Council and Secretariat…Palmer Company    Richard J BINGLE    Mr C C Davies
1965    MSc    London, SOAS    Ministerial government under the dyarchical reforms with special reference to Bengal and Madras    K A CHOWDHURY
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    The idea of freedom in the political thought of Vivekananda, Aurobindo, Gandhi and Tagore    D G DALTON
1965    MA    London, LSE    Irrigation and winter crops in East Pakistan    O HUQ    Mr Rawson
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    Conditions of employment and industrial disputes in Pakistan    A HUSAIN    Prof A Gledhill
1965    PhD    London, LSE    Democratic decentralization and planning in rural India    A C S ILCHMAN    Dr Anstey; Prof Self
1965    MSc    London, King’s    A social geography of Chitral State    ISRAR-UD-DIN    Prof Jones
1965    MSc (Econ)    London, LSE    Economic problems and organisation of public enterprise in Ceylon, 1931-1963    A S JAYAWARDENE    Mr Foldes
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    The rights and liabilities of the Bengal raiyats under tenancy legislation from 1885 to 1947    L KABIR
1965    MA    Manchester    The failure of parliamentary system of government in Pakistan    M A KHAN
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    Curzon, Kitchener and the problem of India army administration, 1899-1909    J E LYDGATE    Prof Robinson
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    A study of urban centres and industries in the central provinces of the Mughal Empire between 1556 and 1803    H K NAQVI    Mr Harrison
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    Sir Charles Metcalfe’s administration and administrative ideas in India, 1806-1835    D N PANIGRAHI    Prof C H Philips
1965    PhD    Birmingham    Peasant farming past and present in the wet zone of Ceylon    P D A PERERA    Prof H Thorpe; Dr W B Morgan
1965    DPhil    Oxford, Merton    Some aspects of British economic and social policy in Ceylon, 1840-1871    M W ROBERTS    Prof J A Gallagher
1965    PhD    London    The rise of business corporations in India and their development during 1851-1900    R S RUNGTA    Prof Paish; Dr V Ansty
1965    PhF    London, SOAS    The Sultanate of Jaunpur    Mian Muhhammad SAEED    Prof Basham
1965    BLitt    Oxford, Lady Margaret    Agricultural policy and economic development in India    K N V SASTRI    Mr G R Allen
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    A comparative study of the traditional political organisation of Kerala and Punjab    S J SHAHANI    Dr Mayer
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    The joint Hindiu family: its evolution as a legal institution    Gunther-Dietz SONTHEIMER    Dr Derrett
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    Nullity of marriage in modern Hindu law    S K TEWARI    Dr J D M Derrett
1965    MA    London, Inst Ed    The social and political significance of Anglo-Indian schools in India    Rosalind TIWARI    Dr King
1965    MA    Manchester    Federalism in south-East Asia with special reference to Burma    Margaret YIYI
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    The partition of Bengal and its annulment: a survey of the schemes of territorial redistribution of Bengal, 1902-1911    S Z H ZAIDI    Prof Basham
1965/66    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Economic geography of rubber production in Ceylon    G H PEIRIS    Mr B H Farmer
1965/66    PhD    Leeds    Impact of money supply on the Indian economy, 1950/51 – 1963/64    K PRASAD
1965/66    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    The structure and working of the commercial banking system in Ceylon, 1945-1963    A J A N SILVA    Miss P M Deane
1965/66    PhD    Durham    Aspects of hte administration of the Punjab, judicial, revenue and political, 1849-1858    S K SONI
1965/66    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity House    The public finances of Ceylon, 1948-1961    G USWATTE-ARATCHI    Dr A R Prest

1966  PhD Manchester University Ramgopal AGARWALA  An econometric model of India, 1948-49 to 1960-61 Mr R.J. Ball

1966    PhD    London, LSE    Expenditure classification and investment planning with special reference to Pakistan    K U AHMAD    Dr Anstey
1966    PhD    London, LSE    The methodology of studying fertility differentials with reference to East Pakistan    M AHMAD    Prof Glass; Mr Carrier
1966    PhD    Bristol    The role of a higher civil service in Pakistan    A AHMED
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    Conditions of employment and industrial disputed in Pakistan    H AHMED
1966    MScEcon    London, SOAS    Political parties and the Labour Movement in India in the 1920s    N BEGAM
1966    MLitt    Edinburgh    Patronage and education in the East India Company civil service, 1800-1857    J T BEYER
1966    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Regional cooperation for development in South Asia with special reference to India and Pakistan    S R BOSE    Mr W B Reddaway
1966    PhD    London    The constitutional history of Malaya with special reference toe Malay states of Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan and Pahong, 1874-1914    P L BURNS    Prof C D Cowan
1966    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    The impact of planning upon federalism in India, 1951-1964    A CHATTERJI    Prof Sir Ivor Jennings
1966    PhD    London, UC    Industrial conciliation and arbitration in India    R L CHAUDHARY
1966    PhD    London, UC    Lahore: a geographical study    M M CHAUDHURY
1966    PhD    Manchester    The approach to planning in Pakistan    M K CHOWDHURY
1966    PhD    London, LSE    Jamshedpur – the growth of the city and its region    M DUTT    Prof Jones
1966    DPhil    Oxford, Campion Hall    The Tana Bhagats:a study in social change    P EKKA    Mr K O L Burridge
1966    PhD    London, LSE    The scope for wage policy as an instrument of planning in early stages of national economic development: a comparative study of the USSR, India and the UAR    M A ELLEISI    Prof Phelps Brown; Dr Ozga
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The social condition of the British community in Bengal, 1757-1800    S C GHOSH    Prof A L Basham
1966    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    The transfer of power to Pakistan and its consequences (1946-1951)    M HASAN    Prof N Mansergh
1966    PhD    London, UC    The Indian Supreme Court and the constitution    M IMAM    Dr D C Holland
1966    PhD    London, LSE    Cotton futures markets in India: some economic studies    T ISLAM    Prof Yamey
1966    PhD    London, LSE    The extensions of the franchise in Ceylon with some consideration of the their political and social consequences    K H JAYASINGHE    Mr Pickles
1966    MA    London, External    The control of education in Ceylon: the last fifty years of British rule and after (1900-1962)    C S V JAYAWAWEERA
1966    PhD    London, External    A comparative study of British and American colonial educational policy in Ceylon and the Philippines from 1900 to 1948]    S JAYAWEERA
1966    PhD    Manchester    Import substitution in relations to industrial growth and balance of payments iof Pakistan, 1965-1970    A H KADRI
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    Origins of Indian foreign policy: a study of Indian nationalist attitudes to foreign affairs, 1927-1939    T A KEENLEYSIDE    Prof H Tinker
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The transition in Bengal, 1756-1775: a study of Muhammad Reza Khan    Abdul Majed KHAN    Mr Harrison
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The British administration of Sind between 1843 and 1865: a study in social and economic development    Hamida KHUHRO    Mr Harrison
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The internal administration of Lord Elgin in India, 1984-1898    P L MALHOTRA    Mr Harrison
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    A study of Murshidabad Distrrict, 1765-1793    K M MOHSIN    Mr Harrison
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam, 1905-1911    M K U MOLLA    Dr Hardy; Dr Pandey
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The early history of the East Indian Railways, 1845-1879    Hena MUKHERJEE    Dr Chaudhuri
1966    PhD    London, King’s    British military policy and the defence of India: a study of British military policy, plans and preparations during the Russian crisis, 1876-1880    A W PRESTON    Prof M E Howard
1966    PhD    London, LSE    Changes in caste in rural Kumaon    R D SANWAL    Dr Freedman
1966    PhD    London,  SOAS    The Christian missionaries in Bengal. 1793-1833    K SENGUPTA    Prof Basham
1966    PhD    London, LSE    Central control and supervision of capital expenditure in the public sector in the UK and India    Ram Parkash SETH    Prof Greaves; Prof Self
1966    PhD    London, King’s    Surveying and charting the Indian Ocean    W A SPRAY    Prof G S Graham
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    Politics and change in the Madras Presidency, 1884-1894: a regional study of Indian nationalism    R SUNTHARALINGAM    Prof H R Tinker
1966    PhD    London, External    The law relating to directors and managing agents of companies limited by shares in Pakistan    Muhammad ZAHIR    Prof Gledhill
1966/67    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Planning and regional development: the application of a multi-sectoral programming model to inter-regional planning in Pakistan    A R KHAN    Dr J A Mirrlees
1966/67    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    The impact of the creation of Pakistan on Muslim education in Pakistan    G NABI
1966/67    PhD    Manchester    A study of fiscal policy in Pakistan, 1950-51, with special reference to its contribution to economic development    M NAYIMUDDIN
1966/67    PhD    Edinburgh    The fisheries of Pakistan: their present position and potentialities    R NIAZI
1966/67    PhD    Leeds    An evaluation of the human impact on the nature and distribution of wild plant communities in the Ceylon Highlands    N P PERERA
1966/67    PhD    Reading    Intra-party relationships and federalism: a comparative study of the Indian Congress Party and the Australian political parties    Y A RAFEEK
1966/67    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    The share of labour in value added during the inflation in the modern sector in under-developed economies: a comparative study of the experience of India, Peru and Turkey between 1939 and 1958    W M WARREN    Mr J A C Bowen
1967    LLM    Queen’s, Belfast    A comparative study of the provisions for emergency powers in the constitutions of the Indian, Australian, Nigerian and Malaysian federations with special emphasis on the Malaysian constitution    A ABIDIN
1967    PhD    Edinburgh    The peasant family and social status in East Pakistan    Nizam Uddin AHMED
1967    BLitt    Glasgow    Foreign trade policy of India    N M AMIN
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    English educated Ceylonese in the official life of Ceylon from 1865 to 1883    W M D D ANDRADI    Mr J B Harrison
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    Some aspects of the relationship of political and constitutional theories to the constitutional evolution of India and Pakistan with special reference to the period 1919-1956    B P BARUA    Prof H Tinker
1967    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    Indian education and politics,1898-1920    A BASU    Prof J A Gallagher

1967    MA    Sussex    Choice of technique: an activity analysis approach with special reference to the Indian cotton textiles industry    C L BELL
1967    PhD    Cambridge, Selwyn    Anglo-Afghan relations, 1870-1880    S CHAKRAVARTY    Dr T G Spear
1967    PhD    Cambridge, Clare    The relations of the Court of Directors, the India Board, the India Office and the Government of India, 1853-1865    P K CHATTARJI    Dr T G Spear
1967    MA    Sussex    The regulation of communal disturbances in West Bengal and East Pakistan in 1950    M CHAUDHURY
1967    MSc    London, SOAS    Political parties in the Bombay Presidency, 1920-1929    D S CHAVDA    Prof H Tinker
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    Oil prices and the Indian market, 1886-1964    Biplab Kumar DASGUPTA    Prof Penrose
1967    MPhil    London, LSE    Some aspects of stratificatioin in Indian rural communities    K S DASGUPTA    Prof Glass
1967    DPhil    Oxford, Lady Margaret    The growth of urban leadership n Western India with special reference to Bombay City, 1845-1885    C E DOBBIN    Prof J A Gallagher
1967    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Judicial control of administrative action in India and Pakistan    A FAZAL    Prof H W R Wade
1967    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre House    Patterns of investment, political stability and rates of growth: an analysis of central government expenditure of Ceylon, 1930-1963    S T G FERNANDO    Lady Hicks
1967    MA    Sussex    Development administration and Calcutta metropolitan government    R FOGEL
1967    PhD    London, QMC    Peasant production of tea in Sri Lanka    R S GUNAWARDENA    Dr Hodder; Prof Smailes
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    The policy of Sir James Fergusson as Governor of Bombay Presidency, 1880-1885    A GUPTA    Prof K Ballhatchet
1967    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney    The effect of a change in the terms of trade on the economic growth of Pakistan: a study of the third five year plan    I U HAQUE    Mr W B Reddaway
1967    PhD    London, LSE    Agricultural taxation in a newly developing country: the case of Pakistan    A HASHEM    Prof Peston
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    A price stabilisation model for Pakistan: jute    A K M S HUQ    Prof Penrose
1967    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The failure of parliamenary politics in Pakistan, 1953-1958    I HUSAIN    Prof M Beloff
1967    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    The development of Indian politics, 1888-1909    G JOHNSON    Dr A Seal
1967    MA    Sussex    Language as an issue in Indian politics    J KABANGO
1967    MA    London, LSE    The changing distribution of cash crops in East Pakistan, 1945-1962    A K M KALIMULLAH    Dr Board
1967    PhD    Aberdeen    The development of transport in East Pakistan    Abul Fazal Muhammed KAMALUDDIN
1967    MPhil    London, SOAS    The advent of the British in Ceylon, 1762-1803    V L B MENDIS    Dr Bastin
1967    MPhil    Leeds    The linguistic world of Anglo-India    K MUSA
1967    MPhil    London, SOAS    Some aspects of the Hindu-Muslim relationship in India, 1876-1892    Shamsun NAHAR    Dr B N Pandey
1967    PhD    Edinburgh    The contribution of Scottish missions to the rise and growth of responsible churches in India    James McMichael ORR    Dr H Watt; Prof A C Cheyne
1967    PhD    London, LSE    The impact of industrialisation on urban growth: a case study of Chotanagpur    P PANDEYA    Prof Jones
1967    DPhil    Oxford, Jesus    British relations with Pakistan, 1947-1962: a study of British policy towards Pakistan    M A QURESHI    Mr G Wint
1967    PhD    London    The evolution for civil procedure in Bengal from 1772 to 1806    Z RAHMAN
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    Local government services in India: a case study of Punjab, 1860-1960    D R SACHDEVA    Prof H Tinker
1967    PhD    London, UC    Judicial interpretation of the Government of India Act, 1935    H SAHARAY
1967    MA    London, SOAS    Political conflict in selected villages of India, Pakistan and Ceylon    M J SHEPPERSDSON    Prof Mayer
1967    PhD    Leicester    Some early tertiary ostracods from West Pakistan    Qadeer Ahmad SIDDIQUI
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    Evolution of the structure of civil judiciary in Bengal, 1800-1831    C SINHA    Dr Pandey
1967    PhD    London, External    The social structure of an Indian-Jewish community    S STRIZOWER
1967    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    Education and international understanding between the East and the West with special reference to the UK and Pakistan    Q J SURI    Prof Lauwery; Mr Goodings
1967    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    Education in Kerala and the missionary contribtion to it during the first half of the nineteenth century    Joseph THAIKOODAN
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    Customs and institutions connected with the domestic life of the Sinhalese in the Kandyan period:    Miniwan P TILLAKARATNE
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    Trends in and prospectsof Pakistan’s exports to the UK and the European Economic Community, 1951-1970    Z A VAINCE    Prof Penrose
1967    DPhil    Oxford, Merton    The policies of the government of Ceylon concerning education and religion, 1865-1885    L A WICKREMERATNE    Mr K A Ballhatchet
1967    BLitt    Oxford, Somerville    The sociological implications of educational policies in Ceylon since 1947    C K WICKREMESINGHE    Dr D F Pocock
1967    BLitt    Oxford, St Hilda’s    Henry Russell’s activities in Hyderabad, 1811-1820    Z YAZDANI    Mr K A Ballhatchet
1967/68    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    The causes and consequence of trade fluctuations in Ceylon, 1948-1960    M A FERNANDO    Mr H H Leisner
1967/68    PhD    London, External    British relations with Tanjore (1748-1799)    C S RAMANUJAM
1967/68    PhD    Edinburgh    The agricultural geography of Hissar District    Jasbur SINGH
1967-68    PhD    Cambridge, Christ’s    Anglo-Mughal relations in western India and the development of Bombay, 1662-1690    G Z REFAI
1968    MA    Durham    The influence of religion on politics in Pakistan, 1947-1956    S R AHMAD
1968    PhD    London, SOAS    The administration of the North West Frontier,1901-1919    L BAHA    Dr Hardy
1968    MSc    Cambridge, Christ’s    Industrial expansion and regional cooperation in South Asia: a study of selected industries    Peter Douglas BALACS
1968    MLitt    Cambridge, Trinity Hall    The working of the supreme government of India and its constitutional relations with the home authorities, 1833-1853    A G BANERJEE    Dr T G P Spear
1968    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    On price relationships in Indian agriculture    K BARDHAN    P M Deane
1968    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    Social and conceptual order in Kongu: a region of South India    B E F BECK    Dr R K Jain
1968    PhD    London    The urban geography of Lyallpur    M H BOKHARI    Prof A E Smailes
1968    PhD    Cambridge    Rohilkhand from conquest to revolt, 1774-1858: a study in the origins of the Indian Mutiny uprising    E I BRODKIN    Dr E T Stokes
1968    PhD    Cam,bridge, Girton    Gandhi in India, 1915-1920: his emergence as a leader and the transformation of politics    J M BROWN    Dr A Seal
1968    MPhil    London    The development of education in India under Lord Curzon, 1899-1905    Hamida I BUTT
1968    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Bengali political unrest (1905-1918)with special reference to terrorism    H CHAKRABARTI    Prof K Ballhatchet
1968    MPhil    London, King’s    The development of mountain warfare in India in the 19th century    S CHANDRA    Prof M E Howard
1968    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    American policy towards India, 1941-1947, with emphasis on the Phillips mission to India, 1943    F L CHASE    Prof J A Gallagher
1968    DPHil    Oxford, Linacre    The agrarian economy and agrarian relations in Bengal, 1859-1885    B B CHAUDHURI    Dr K A Ballhatchet
1968    BLitt    Oxford, Linacre    Some aspects of English Protestant missionary activities in Bengal, 1857-1885    T CHAUDHURI    Dr S Gopal
1968    DPhil    Oxford, University    British government and society in the residency of Bengal, 1858-1880: an examination of certain aspects of British policy in relation to the changing nature of society    J M COMPTON    Mr K A Ballhatchet
1968    DPhil    Oxford, Magdalen    British reform policy and Indian politics on the eve of the rise of Gandhi    R J DANZIG    Dr S Gopal
1968    PhD    Cambridge, Magdalen    Optimum investment decisions with special reference to the Indian fertilizer industry    A K DAS GUPTA    Dr J A Mirrlees
1968    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    Public opinion and Indian policy, 1872-1880    U DAS GUPTA    Dr S Gopal
1968    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    The contribution of the Wesleyan missionaries to southern India    P W DE SILVA
1968    PhD    York    The verbal piece in spoken Hindi: a morpho-syntactic study    Hans DUA
1968    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    An enquiry into the purpose and development of Catholic education in Madras. 1850-1950    M A DUNNE    Prof Lauwerys
1968    PhD    London, LSE    Some political aspects of foreign aid in India, 1947-1966    P J ELDRIDGE    Prof Goodwin
1968    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre House    The development of a new elite in Ceylon with special reference to educational and occupational background, 1910-1931    P T M FERNANDO    Dr A H Halsey
1968    BLitt    Oxford, Exeter    An historical survey and assessment of the ecclesiastical and missionary policy of the East India Company    I J GASH    Mr C C Davies
1968    MLitt    Bristol    The civil servant and contemporary government in India    B GIRI
1968    PhD    Birmingham    Consumption patterns in India: a regional analysis    D B GUPTA
1968    DPhil    Oxford, St Edmund Hall    The debts of the Nawab of Arcot, 1763-1776    J D GURNEY    Dame L Sutherland
1968    PhD    London, LSE    Econometrics of import planning in India (1947-1965): a case study of selected commodities    M L HANDA    Prof Sargan; De Desai
1968    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    Moral and religious changes in an urban village of Bangalore, South India    M N HOLSTROM    Dr D P Pocock
1968    MPhil    London SOAS    Lord Mayo’s Viceroyalty (1869-1872) with special reference to problems of external security and internal stability    M A HOSSAIN    Dr Zaidi
1968    PhD    London, LSE    British policy towards Persia and the defence of British India, 1798-1807    R INGRAM ELLIS    Miss H Lee
1968    PhD    London, LSE    Karachi: a pre-industrial city in transition    M Z KHAN    Prof Jones
1968    PhD    London, SOAS    The Dutch in Ceylon, 1743-1766    D A KOTELAWEL    Dr Bastin
1968    PhD    London, SOAS    The contribution of Christian missionaries to education in Bengal, 1793-1837    M A LAIRD    Prof K Ballhatchet

1968    PhD    London, LSE    Socio-economic determinants of infant and child mortality in Sri Lanka: an analysis of post-war experience     S A MEEGAMA    Prof Glass
1968    MPhil    London, UC    Higher judiciary in Pakistan    M Y MIRZA    Mr Holland
1968    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s    Funeral ritual in South India    M M MOFFATT    Dr R K Jain
1968    MPhil    London, LSE    Land use and nutrition in Lucknow District    I MOHIUDDIN    Mr R Rawson
1968    PhD    London, SOAS    Political relations between India and Nepal, 1877-1923    K MOJUMDAR    Prof K Ballhatchet
1968    MPhil    London, Bedford    The cities of Hyderabad-Secunderabad with special reference to their industrial development    K B MUSTAFA    Mr Mountjoy
1968    MPhil    London, LSE    Concepts of purity and pollution in Indian religion    Judith Ann OSTROW
1968    PhD    Lancaster    The evolution and history of the Buddhist monastic order with special reference to the Sangha in Ceylon    Gunaratne PANABOKKE
1968    PhD    London, SOAS    The invasion of Nepal: John Company at war, 1814-1816    J C PEMBLE    Dr Moore
1968    PhD    London, SOAS    The All-India Muslim League in Indian politics, 1906-1912    M RAHMAN    Dr Moore
1968    MPhil    London, SOAS    The reform of local self-government in India under Lord Ripon, 1880-1884: a study in the formation of policy    Q RAHMAN
1968    PhD    Wales, Bangor    An economic appraisal of agricultural marketing in Pakistan    Abdur RASHID
1968    PhD    Edinburgh    A geographical analysis of the historical development of towns in Ceylon    L K RATNAYAKE    Prof J W Watson; Dr R Jones
1968    MA    Sussex    Constitutional change and the depressed classes: the representations from the depressed classes in the United Provinces to the Indian Statutory Commission, 1928, and their outcome    L SEN-GUPTA
1968    PhD    London, External    The role of railway transport in Ceylon: present problems and future prospects    K SUNDERALINGAM
1968    PhD    London, Inst Ed    A critical study of the history and development of university education in modern India, with special reference to problems and patterns of growth since 1847    C TICKOO
1968    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    Kinship and marriage among the Jat of Haryana in northern India    Gunter TIEMANN    Dr R K Jain
1968    PhD    Edinburgh    The strategy of Christian missions to the Muslims: Anglican and reformed contributions in India and the Near East from Henry Martyn to Samuel Zwemmer, 1800-1938    Lyle L VANDER WERFF    Prof M Watt; Prof AC Cheyne
1968    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Indian historical writing in English, 1870-1920, with special reference to the influence of nationalism    Johannes H VOIGT    Mr K A Ballhatchet
1968    MPhil    London, LSE    The hierarchy of towns in Vidarbha, India, and its significance for regional planning    Sudhir Vyankatesh WANMALI.  Prof MJ Wise
1968    MA    Manchester    The relevance of land reform to economic progress in Pakistan    M A ZAMAN
1968/69    PhD    Glasgow    Planning for economic development: a comparative case study of Indian and Egyptian experience, 1946-1966, with special reference to planning strategy and effectiveness    A El- H H EL-GHAZALI
1968/69    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    Muslim politics and government policy: studies in  the development of Muslim organisation and its social background in North India and Bengal, 1885-1917    Janetr Mary RIZVI
1969    PhD    Durham    The working of district administration in Pakistan, 1947-1964    N ABEDIN    Prof W H Morris-Jones
1969    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    The formation of the Government of India Act, 1935    W AHMAD    Dr T G P Sper
1969    MPhil    London, SOAS    Ideological factors in selected fields of policy making in India    Zoe F ALLEN
1969    PhD    London, SOAS    British famine and agricultural policies in India with special reference to the administration of Lord George Hamilton    S K BANDYOPADHYAY    Dr R J Moore
1969    PhD    London, SOAS    The political and economic conditions of Indians in Burma, 1900-1941    N R CHAKRAVARTI
1969    PhD    London, SOAS    The amending process in the Indian constitution    H CHAND
1969    PhD    London    Trade and commercial organisation in Bengal with special reference to the English East India Company, 1650-1720    S CHAUDHURY    Dr K N Chaudhuri
1969    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    The Bombay political service, 1863-1924    I F S COPLAND    Prof J A Gallagher
1969    PhD    London, Birkbeck    The Colonial Office and political problems in Ceylon and Mauritius, 1907-1921    L B L CROOK    Dr I M Cumpston
1969    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    British defence policy in the Indian Ocean region between the Indian Independence Act, 1947, and the British defence review, 1966    P G C DARBY    Prof N H Gibbs
1969    DPhil    Oxford    An evaluation of the Eastern bloc assistance to India (1956-57 to 1965-66)    DATARHA
1969    PhD    London, LSE    The effect of international labour migration on trade and real income: a case study of Ceylon, 1920 to 1938    A DUTTA    Prof Johnson
1969    PhD    London, Bedford    The development of the sugar industry in Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh    A H FAROOQI
1969    PhD    London    Lord William Bentinck in Madras, 1803-1807    M GUPTA    Dr B M Pandey
1969    PhD    London, External    A study of the planning techniques in India: India’s five year plans    S GUPTA
1969    PhD    Manchester    A typical support structure of leadership in Punjab – the faction    J J M HAUDHRI
1969    PhD    Manchester    A structural study of Pakistan’s monetary sector    K A IMAN
1969    PhD    London, LSE    Regional development in Pakistan with special reference to the effects of import licensing and exchange control    A I A ISLAM
1969    PhD    London    Social aspects of the historical geography of East Pakistan, 1608-1857    Bilquis JAHAN    Miss E M J Campbell
1969    PhD    London, External    The sources and development of the customary laws of the Sinhalese up to 1835    M L S JAYASEKERA
1969    MSocSc    Birmingham    Industrial development and organization in Ceylon – a case study of the Ceylon cement industry    G W JAYSURIYA
1969    PhD    London    Dutch rule in maritime Ceylon, 1766-1796    V KAMAPATHYPILLAI    Dr J S Bastin
1969    PhD    London, LSE    Domestic instability as a factor in Pakistan’s foreign policy, 1952-1958    M KAMLIN    Dr Lyon
1969    PhD    London, LSE    A study of import control, with special reference to India    H KUSARI
1969    PhD    London, LSE    Britain and the termination of the India-China opium trade, 1905-1913    Margaret J B-C LIM    Prof Medlicott; Mr Dilks
1969    BLitt    Oxford, Linacre    Financing agricultural development with special reference to the place of agricultural credit in West Pakistan after 1947    A M MALIK    Mr R G Opie
1969    PhD    London, SOAS    Election laws in Pakistan    M D MALIK
1969    PhD    London, SOAS    The development of the jurisdiction and powers of the superior courts in Pakistan    M A MANNAN    Prof Gledhill
1969    MA    Sussex    Th Krishak Praja Party and the Bengal provincial elections, 1937    H MOMEN
1969    BPhil    St Andrews    Muslim politics in India, 1858-1918    S NAZ    D G Seed
1969    PhD    London, SOAS    Jury and police reform during the Indian Vice-Royalty of Lord Lansdowne, 1888-1894    R RAHMAN    Dr P Hardy
1969    PhD    London, LSE    Frontier problems in Pakistan’s foreign policy    S M M RAZVI    Dr P H Lyon
1969    DPhil    Oxford, Merton    The Commission of Eastern Inquiry in Ceylon, 1829-1837: a study of a Royal Commission of Colonial Inquiry    V K SAMARAWEERA    Dr A F Madden
1969    PhD    London, SOAS    Hinduism in a Kangra village    U M SHARMA    Pror Mayer
1969    PhD    London, SOAS    The reorganization of the Indian armies, 1858-1879    A H SHIBLEY    Dr Moore
1969    PhD    London, SOAS    Land resumption in Bengal, 1819-1846    A M WAHEEDUZZAMA    Dr Zaidi
1969    PhD    London, External    Methodism in north Ceylon: its history and influences, 1814-1890    D K WILSON
1969/70    PhD    Bristol    On the construction and implementation of a planning model for Ceylon    S NARAPALASINGAM
1969/70    PhD    Durham    Some aspects of central banking in Pakistan, 1948-1966    A K NIAZI
1969/70    PhD    Edinburgh    Settlement geography of the Indian desert (Rajasthan area)    Ram C SHARMA
1969/70    PhD    Bristol    The relations between central and provincial governments in Pakistan    M A TAYYEB    Prof Bromhead
1969/70    PhD    London, SOAS    Some legal aspects of agrarian reform in India    Namgi Lal UPADHYAYA
1970    MPhil    London, LSE    Production and trade in the raw cotton and cotton textile industries of Pakistan,1948-1966    Q K AHMAD    Prof H Myint
1970    PhD    Edinburgh    Regionalism and political integration in Pakistan: a case study in political geography    Masood ALI
1970    MPhil    London, SOAS    The urban geography of Kanpur    S A ALI
1970    MPhil    London, LSE    Peasant agriculture in Ceylon, 1933-1893    A C L AMEER ALI    Prof F J Fisher
1970    PhD    Edinburgh    Possible developments in building technology in relations to low cost housing in Pakistan    Mohammed M BAJWA
1970    DPhil    Oxford, St Anthony’s    The growth of political organization inthe Allahabad locality, 1880-1925    C A BAYLY    Prof J A Gallgher
1970    PhD    Cambridge, Gonville       Spatial organizationof some villages in Northern India    P M BLAIKIE    Mr B H Farmer
1970    PhD    Cambridge    British impact on the Indian cotton textile industry, 1757-1865    J G BORPUJARI    Dr W J Macpherson
1970    MPhil    London, UC    Some problems of physical planning in Ceylon    S W P BULANKULAME
1970    PhD    London, LSE    The behaviour of prices in India, 1952-1966: an empirical study    S K CHAKRABARTI    Prof Walters
1970    MSc    Bristol    The long-term outlook for the consumption of tea in India – a quantitative analysis    B M CHAMBERS
1970    MA    Manchester    Social change in Indian towns    M K CHATERJEE
1970    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall: a study of the Anglo-Indian official mind    E C T CHEW    Dr E T Stokes
1970    PhD    London, SOAS    British policy on the North East frontier of India, 1865-1914    D P CHOUDHURY    Prof K Ballhatchet
1970    MA    Kent    Recent trends in Indian federalism    S DAS
1970    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    Development of adult education in India since independence with special reference to rural reconstruction    B DUTTA
1970    BLitt    Oxford, Keble    Identity amongst Muslims in West Bengal, India, and its relationship with political, social and economic change    P J K EADE    Dr R K Jain
1970    BLitt    Oxford, St Edmund Hall    Aspects of history of the Indian National Congress with special reference to the Swarajya Party, 1919-1927    R A GORDON    Prof J A Gallagher
1970    PhD    Wales, Swansea    A study of the social and economic geography of the coastal fishing industry of Ceylon    Suniti Danissari GUNASEKERA
1970    PhD    London, SOAS    British policy and Baluchistan, 1854-1876    T A HEATHCOTE    Dr M E Yapp
1970    MPhil    London, King’s    Selected aspects of agricultural development in West Pakistan    J HUSSAIN
1970    PhD    London, SOAS    Social and political change in Ceylon, 1900-1919 with special reference to the disturbances of 1915     p v i JAYASEKERA    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1970    MSc    Edinburgh    Language and politics in modern India    P KARAT
1970    PhD    London, SOAS    Protection of minority interests under the Indian constitution    G T LUIS    Prof Derrett
1970    DPhil    Oxford, Wadham    Sociological aspects of revival and change in Buddhism in nineteenth century Ceylon    Kitsiri MALALGODA    Mr B R Wilson
1970    PhD    London, SOAS    The administration of British Burma, 1852-1885    J A MILLS    Prof C D Cowan
1970    DPhil    Oxford, St John’s    Renewable natural resources planning for regional development with special reference to Kashmir    Maharaj K MUTHOO    Mr J J Macgregor
1970    DPhil    Sussex    Labour organisation in the Bombay textile industry, 1918-1929    R NEWMAN    Dr Reeves
1970    PhD    London, QMC    Land development in the Sinharaja foothill of Ceylon    M P PERERA    Mr B W Hodder
1970    PhD    London, SOAS    Shareholders’ control of public companies in Pakistan    A K RANJHA
1970    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    The politics of U.P. Muslims    Francis Christopher Rowland ROBINSON    Dr Seal
1970    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    Urbanisation – its educational implications in India    P SAJNANI
1970    PhD    York    Predicate complement constructions in Hindi and English    Anil SINHA
1970    PhD    London, LSE    Water supply and irrigation in the dry zone of Ceylon    K U SIRINANDA    Mr P Rawson; Dr Chandler
1970    PhD    Cambridge, Jesus    Ceylon’s export trends and prospects    M P S SURIAARACHCHI    Mr H Leisner
1970    MA    London, Inst Ed    The t rainingof teachers in Bombay Province (including Gujerat) since 1947    M N UPADHYAYA
1970    MSc    Wales    Britain’s forgotten war: the British role in the confrontation of Malaysia by Indonesia    Michael R WAGSTAFF
1970    MPhil    London, SOAS    A structural analysis of myths from the North east frontier of India    James Mackie WILSON
1970    PhD    Leeds    The role of the Ceylon civil service before and after independence    Watareke Aratchchige WISWA WARNAPALA
1970/71    PhD    St Andrews    The theory, practice and administration of Waqf with special reference to the Malayan state of Kadah    M Z B H OTHMAN    Dr J Burton
1970/71    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    The politics of U P muslims    M A ROWLANDS
1970/71    PhD    London, LSHTM    Dynamics of malaria in Ceylon    C SIVAGNANASUNDRAM
1971    MPhil    London, SOAS    A comparative study of social heirarchies in selected areas of India and Pakistan    Makhdum Tasadduq AHMAD    Dr Mayer
1971    PhD    Lancaster    Technical change and economic development of agriculture: the case of Bangladesh    M ALAMGIR
1971    MPhil    London, UC    A select bibliography of periodical literature published in English, German, French, Sanskrit, Hindi, Pali and Bengali during 1951-1966 on some aspects of Indian culture (philosophy, religion, linguistics, literature)from the post-Vedic to the pre-Kalidasa era    P BISWAS
1971    MPhil    London, SOAS    Symbolic and material aspects of institutions in political process: analysis of two North Indian villages    Bengt-Erik Per Gustaf BORGSTROM
1971    MLitt    Cambridge, Firtzwilliam    Metropolitan dominance in South India    R W BRADNOCK    Mr B H Farmer
1971    PhD    London, SOAS    Social change of marriage patterns in the North Western Himalayas (Churah, Pangi and Ladakh)    Bharpur Singh BRAR
1971    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    Political alliances in rural Western Maharashtra    Anthony Thomas CARTER
1971    PhD    London, External    Culture conflicts and education in Ceylon after independence    Ida W DESILVA
1971    PhD    London, SOAS    The internal politics of the Kandyan kingdom, 1707-1760    Lorna S DEWARAJA
1971    PhD    Durham    Patterns of population structure and growth in East Pakistan    K Maudood ELAHI
1971    PhD    London, LSE    An econometric growth model for Pakistan    A FAROOQUI    Mr J M Desai
1971    DPhil    Sussex    Municipal politics in Calcutta: elite groups and the Calcutta corporation, 1875-1900     C P M FUREDY    Prof A Low
1971    BLitt    Oxford, St John’s    Statutory provisions for the settlement of collective industrial disputes in England and Australia and India    S T GOH
1971    MA    Exeter    A study of the authority structure of an industrial organisation in a transitional setting: case study of a Ceylon industrial plant    S GOONATILAKE
1971    MSc    Hull    The impact of foreign aid on India’s international trade, 1951-1965    C P HALLWOOD
1971    PhD    Nottingham    Pakistan’s external relations    A K M A HAQUE    Prof Pear
1971    PhD    Durham    The working of parliamentary government in Pakistan, 1947-1958    S C HARUN
1971    MLitt    Glasgow    Government expenditure: a study with reference to economic development in Pakistan    M HUQ
1971    PhD    London, King’s    Freedom of interstate trade in India    C K M JARIWALA
1971    DPhil    Oxford, St Hilda’s    Government policy and economic and social change in western India,1850-1875    J F M JHIRAD    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1971    MSc    Strathclyde    Administrative aspects of social security programmes for factory labourers in East Pakistan    M KABIR
1971    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Nationalism n Bengal, 1903-1911: a study of Bengali reactions to the partition of the province with special reference to the social groups involved    A P KANNANGARA    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1971    PhD    London, SOAS    Some aspects of society and politics in Bengal, 1927 to 1936    B R KHAN    Mr J B Harrison
1971    MPhil    London, SOAS    The tripartite countries [Iran, Pakistan and Turkey]of the regional cooperation for development: a geographical study of a regional grouping    Durray S KURESHI
1971    DPhil    Sussex    Administrative structures, economic change and problems of rural development in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India    Bismarck U MWANSASU
1971    PhD    London, King’s    A comparative study of the executive in Australia and India    J D OJO
1971    PhD    London, SOAS    Some aspects of the Indian Viceroyalty of Lord Elgin, 1862-1863    J A RAHMAN    Dr Harrison
1971    PhD    London, SOAS    Legal aspects of the “doctrine of pleasure” in relation to public servants in India    U R RAI
1971    MPhil    London, LSE    A comparative study of manpower in selected industries with similar technologies in India and the UK    S F RICHARDS    Prof Wise
1971    MPhil    Leeds    The military in politics in India and Pakistan since 1947    A H RIZVI    Prof Hanson; Dr O A Hartley
1971    PhD    London, SOAS    The government of India under Lord Chelmsford, 1916-1921, with special reference to the policies adopted towards constitutional change and political agitation in British India    P G ROBB    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1971    PhD    York    A generative semantic treatment of some aspects of English and Hindigrammar    Prajapati SAH
1971    PhD    London, LSE    The problem of economic holdings in the peasant agriculture of the dry zone of Ceylon    Somasundaram SELVANAYAGAM
1971    PhD    London,  SOAS    Status, power and resources: the study of a Sinhalese village    S P F SENATATNE
1971    MPhil    London. LSE    British opinion and Indian independence: a study of some British pressure groups which advanced the cause of Indian independence    Kumar Indra VIJAY
1971    MLitt    Edinburgh    David Livingstone and India    rOSINA g VISRAM    Prof G A Shepperson
1971    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    Employment incomes in Ceylon: an inquiry into the structure and determination of wage and salary earnings in Ceylon, 1949-1969    Pabawathie C WICKREMASINGHE
1971    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    A critical analysis of the problems of higher education in Pakistan since independence (1947) with special reference to student unrest    U S ZAMAN
1971/72    PhD    Liverpool    British opinion and Indian reform, 1858-1876    Nilima SAHA    Mr P J N Tuck
1972    DPhil    Oxford, Christ Church    Economic aspects of some peasant colonizations in Ceylon    G M ABAYARATNA    Miss M R Haswell
1972    PhD    Leeds    Economic, political and administrative aspects of planning for development in a divided country: a study of relationships between East Bengal and West Pakistan, 1947-1971    Shaikh Magsood ALI
1972    MSc    Bristol    Capital finance in a developing economy – Ceylon    Bernard V ANTHONISZ
1972    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    Communal conflict in Ceylon politics and the advance towards self-government    Rupasinghe A ARIYARATNE
1972    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    A comparative study of language policies and problems in Ceylon and India since independence    V ARUMUGAM
1972    MPhil    London, SOAS    Judicial control of the machinery of government in Pakistan    Chaudhary M Y ASIM
1972    PhD    Cambridge, Queens    Politics in South India. 1917-1947    Christopher J BAKER
1972    PhD    Durham    The hierarchy of central places in Northern Ceylon    P BALASUNDARAMPILLAI
1972    PhD    London, LSE    Some aspects of the strains and stresses in Indo-British relations, 1947-1965: an analysis of the causes and course of gradual decline in Britain’s importance to India    A R BANERJI    Mr J B L Mayall
1972    PhD    London, QMC    Fiscal policy in India (with reference to taxation)over three five year plans    S BHADURI    Prof M H Peston
1972    DPhil    Sussex    Political change in Rohilkhand, 1932-1952: a study of the rleationships between provincial and district level politicans    L BRENNAN
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    An examination of the development and structure of the legal profession at Allahabad, 1866-1935    Gilliam F BUCKEE
1972    MPhil    Sussex    Educational administration in Bombay Presidency, 1913-1937    J L BUTLER
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    Extra-constitutional actions in Pakistan    Z I CHOUDHURY
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    The politics and functioning of the East Bengal legislature, 1947-1958    Najma CHOWDHURY
1972    MEd    Manchester    The social and educational changes brought about in some South Indian villages by the Saruodaya movement    A G CLARK
1972    DPhil    Oxford    Decentralisation and political change in the United Provinces, 1880-1921    W F CRAWLEY
1972    PhD    Aberdeen    The development and influence of British missionary movements toward India, 1786-1830    Allan K DAVIDSON    Mr A F Walls
1972    PhD    Cambridge, Emmanuel    The official mind and the problem of agrarian indebtedness in India, 1870-1910    Clive J DEWEY
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    Juristic techniques in the Supreme Court of India (195-1971)in some selected areas of public and personal law    Rajeev DHAVAN

1972    MA    Hull    Resource allocation in the public sector in Malaysia with special reference to the Muda River irrigation scheme    CHEW CHAI DOAN
1972    PhD    Hull    Some aspects of private foreign enterprise in Ceylon    L E N FERNANDO
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    Rural money markets in India    Subrata GHATAK
1972    MA    Manchester    Traditional India and the meaning of caste    Beth GOLDBLATT
1972    DPhil    Sussex    Optimum location of paddy improvement schemes in Ceylon    J M GUNADESA
1972    MA     Exeter    Industrialization and protective tariffs in Pakistan    A M A HAKIM
1972    PhD    Cambridge,St John’s    The place of India in the strategic and political consideration of the Axis powers, 1939-1942    Milan HAUNER    Prof F H Hinsley
1972    MA    Exeter    Foreign capital and economic development: the case of Pakistan    M E HOSSAIN
1972    PhD    London, LSE    Rural society and leadership in Malaya with special reference to three selected communities    Syed HUSIN ALI
1972    BLitt    Oxford, Lady Margaret    Some aspects of religion and culture in Bengal    H K ION
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    Agricultural development of Bengal: a quantitative study, 1920-1946    M M ISLAM    Dr Chaudhuri
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    Bengali Moslem public opinion as reflected in the vernacular press between 1901 and 1930    Mustafa N ISLAM
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    The permanent settlement and the landed interests in Bengal from 1793 to 1819    M S ISLAM    Mr G B Harrison
1972    BLitt    Oxford, Somerville    A social anthropological study of Jainism in Northern India    S JAIN    Dr R G Leinhardt
1972    DPhil    Sussex    Techno-economic survey of industrial potential in Sri Lanka    N D KARUNARATNE
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    Constitutional protection of the freedom of association in Pakistan    Hamiduddin KHAN
1972    PhD    London, UC    Kowloon: a factorial study of urban land use and retail structure    Chi-sen LIANG    Prof P Wood
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    The rajas and nawabs of Bengal, 1911-1919    Pronoy Chand MEHTAB
1972    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    Income distribution and savings in Pakistan: an appraisal of development strategy    T E NULTY    Prof W B Reddaway
1972    DPhil    Oxford    The organisational basis of Indian agriculture with special reference to the development of capitalistic farming (ie based on wage-labour and following economic criteria for investment) in selected regions in recent years    U PATNAIK
1972    PhD    York    A systematic treatment of certain aspects of Telugu phonology    Vennelakanti PRAKASAM
1972    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Regional disparities in the growth of incomes and population in India, 1951-1965    Siripurapu Kesava RAO    Dr A K Bagchi
1972    PhD    Exeter    The impact of devaluation on prices and production in Pakistan    M M SHAIKH
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    The study of inflation in Pakistan, 1955-1968    Qamarul H SIDDIQI    Prof E Penrose
1972    PhD    London, UC    Functions of international conflict: a case study of Pakistan    K SIDDIQUI    Dr J W Burton
1972    PhD    London    The home government of India, 1834-1853    Robert F S TATE    Mr Harrison
1972    PhD    London, SOAS    Indian politics and the elections of 1937    D D TAYLOR    Prof H Tinker
1972    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    Economic integration and development with special reference to four Asian countries [India, Ceylon, Burma and Malaysia]    Ransit Corneille WANIGATUNGA    Prof G L Rees
1972    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    The development and function of the transport system in Ceylon: a network analysis    Poonanulkarange C H WEERASURIYA    Dr B T Robson
1972    MPhil    London, SOAS    Tribal identity among the Santals, 1770-1857    Michael Piers YORKE
1972/73    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Social conflict and political unrest in Bengal, 1875-1908    Rajat K RAY
1972/73    PhD    Reading    The applicability of linear programming to resource allocation in an irrigated agriculture with special reference to the Punjab of Pakistan    T U REHMAN
1973    BLitt    Oxford, Balliol    A study of Bengal peasants, 1765-1812    S U AHMED    Dr C C Davies
1973    PhD    London    The role of the Zamindars in Bengal, 1707-1772    Shirin AKHTAR    J B Harrison
1973    DPhil    Sussex    Political structure and economic development in rural West Pakistan    H ALAVI
1973    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    The impact of British educational thought onthe concept of university education in Sri Lanka    Chandra Lilian AMARASEKERA
1973    PhD    London, Wye    A study of economic resource use and production possibilities on settlement schemes in Sri Lanka (with special reference to the Minipe Colonisation Scheme)    Nihal St Michael Aloysius AMERASINGHE
1973    DPhil    Sussex    Nationalism and the regional politics: Tamiland, India, 1920-1937    D J ARNOLD    Prof D A Low
1973    PhD    London, QMC    Functions and status of urban settlement in West Bengal    Mira DAS
1973    DPhil    Sussex    Peasant movements in India,c.1920-1950    D N DHANAGARE
1973    PhD    London, LSE    The development of the port of Colombo, 1860-1939    K DHARMASENA    Prof F J Fisher
1973    MPhil    York    Male nurses in Ceylon: a study of the career problems of male nurses in the Ceylon health service, 1972    Malsiri K DIAS
1973    BLitt    Oxford, Campion Hall    Some aspects of agricultural policy in Ceylon since independence with special reference to youth resettlement schemes    B W DISSANAYAKE    Miss M R Haswell
1973    PhD    Exeter    Orgnisational forms in post traditional society with special reference to South Asia    P D S  GOONATILAKE
1973    PhD    London, SOAS    A study of the revenue administration of Sylhet District in Bengal, 1765-1792    Kusha HARAKSINGH    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1973    DPhil    Sussex    Revolutionary networks in Northern Indian politics, 1907-1935: a case study of the terrorist movement in Delhi, the Punjab, the United Provinces and adjacent princely states    M HARCOURT
1973    PhD    London, LSE    Indian population policy and the family planning programme    Edward C HARRIMAN
1973    BLitt    Oxford, Jesus    The role of law in the politics of Pakistan from 1947 to 1956    S F A HASSAN    Prof H W R Wade
1973    DPhil    Oxford, St Catharine’s    Foreign aid in the economic development of Ceylon    W HETTIARACHI    Miss P H Ady
1973    MSc    Lancaster    Monetary management, commercial bank credit expansion and economic development in Pakistan    Rafiqul ISLAM
1973    PhD    London, External    Economic development in Ceylon    Halwalage N S KARUNATILAKE
1973    MSocSc    Birmingham    Distribution of rate of suicide according to age and sex on the basis on caste in Gujerat State    H KAZI
1973    PhD    Hull    Some economic aspects of the oil palm industry of West Malaysia    Hacharan Singh KHERA
1973    DPhil    Oxford    Terms of trade, public policy and economic development of Ceylon, 1948-1958    W D LAKSHMAN
1973    PhD    Wales    An economic analysis of recent developments in the production and marketing of jute with particular reference to their implications for the economy of Pakistan    Saidur R LASKER
1973    PhD    London, LSE    Local government and administration in Ceylon    Genevieve R LEITAN
1973    PhD    York    Some aspects of Bhartrhari’s linguistic theory as represented in the Vakyapadiya    Kaluwachchimule MAHANAMA
1973    PhD    London, SOAS    The changing position and functions of the Rajahs and Nawabs of Bengal, 1911-1919    P C MAHTAB    Prof K Ballhatchet
1973    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    Private corporate industrial investment in India, 1947/1967: factors affecting its size, fluctuations and sectoral distribution    P PATNAIK    Mr P P Streeten
1973    PhD    London, King’s    The legal framework for the settlement of industrial disputes in Ceylon    Stanislaus Edward PULLE    Mr A Hughes
1973        London, SOAS    The minorities of Ceylon,, 1926-1931 with special reference to the Donoughmore Commission    G QUINTUS
1973    PhD    London, SOAS    The covenanted civil servant and the government of India, 1858-1883: a study of his part in the decision-making and decision implementing process in India    Muhammad A RAHIM    Mr J B Harrison
1973    MPhil    London, QMC    The markets of Calcutta: an analysis of the evolution of indigenous marketing systems and shopping facilities    Mondira Sinha RAY
1973    DPhil    Sussex    Poverty and policy: the impact of rural public works in the Kosi area of Bihar, India    Gerry RODGERS    L Joy
1973    PhD    Cambridge, Lucy     Polarization on Colombo in the economic geography of Ceylon    Liyanage Kundali Vidyamali SAMARASINGHE    Mr B H Farmer
1973    PhD    Birmingham    A quantitative analysis of the patterns of export: a case study of India    M L SETH
1973    MA    Sussex    A multisectoral model of production for Sri Lanka    Paran SIRISENA
1973    MSc    Cambridge, Girton    Underutilized industrial capacity in India    Nancy SLOCUM
1973    MPhil    London, QMC    External aspects of Pakistan’s political geography    A H SYED
1973    PhD    London, SOAS    Extradition in the light of the Indian constitution    Madan M TEWARI
1973    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    The Vice-royalty of Lord Irwin in 1926/31 with special reference to political and constitutional developments    James Frederick Caleb WATTS    Dr A F Madden
1973    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    Some aspects of prodcution and market surplus in the rice sector of Ceylon    Piyasiri WICKRAMASEKARA
1973    PhD    Exeter    A theory of multiple exchange rates and exchange rate management in Ceylon    G W P WICKRAMASINGHE
1973/74    PhD    London, Wye    The marketing of tea with special reference to India’s share of thew world market    N C NANDA
1973/74    PhD    East Anglia    Constraints on optimum resource use in an irrigated land settlement scheme in Ceylon    D H R J PERERA
1973/74    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    Locational analysis and government sponsored large-scale industries in Ceylon    Y RASANAYAGAM

1973/74    DPhil    Sussex    A multisectoral model of production for Sri Lanka    N L SIRISENA
1973/74    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    The kinship and social organization of a Roman Catholic fishing village in Ceylon    Roderick Lennox STIRRAT
1974    PhD    Brunel    Defence expenditure and economic growth with reference to India    V AGARWAL
1974    MSc    London, LSHTM    Current patterns of food administration in the West and their application to Pakistan    A AHMED
1974    DTPH    London, LSHTM    Some problems in family planning in rural Sri Lanka    E R AMARASEKERA
1974    PhD    London, Inst Comm    Trotskyism in Ceylon: a study of the development, ideology and political role of Lanka Sama Samaja Party, 1935-1964    Y R AMARASINGHE    Prof W H Morris-Jones
1974    PhD    London, SOAS    Changes in patterns and practices of wheat farming since the introduction of the new high yielding varieties. A study of six villages in the Bulandshahr District, Uttar Pradesh, Northern India    Kathleen May BAKER
1974    PhD    London    Urban society in Bengal, 1850-1872,with special reference to Calcutta    Ranu BASU    Prof K Ballhatchet
1974    MPhil    London, Wye    Some economic aspects of rubber production in Sri Lanka    Gamlath Rallage CHADRASIRI
1974    PhD    Cambridge, Pembroke    Agrarian society and British administration in Western India, 1847-1920    Neil Rex Foster CHARLESWORTH
1974    DPhil    Sussex    Innovation, inequality and rural planning: the economics of Tubewell irrigation in the Kosi region, Bihar, India    Edward J CLAY
1974    PhD    Kent    Money and monetary policy in a lerss developed economy: the case of Ceylon (Sri Lanka)1950-1970    E CONTOGIANNIS
1974    DPhil    Sussex    A study of wages of the coal miners in India (with special reference ot the Raniganj and Jharia coalfields)    A DASGUPTA
1974    MSc    Wales, Aberystwyth    The factor shares of Indian international trade, 1947-1948 to 1967-1968    Mazumdar D DATT
1974    MPhil    Nottingham    A Marxist analysis of the economic development of India    Brian DAVEY    Prof Parkinson
1974    PhD    London    The intrigues of the German government and the Ghadr Party against British rule in India, 1914-1918    T G FRASER    Mr D N Dilks
1974    DTPH    London, LSHTM    Some public health problems of the labour force in Sri Lanka    A N HANIFFA
1974    MPhil    London, SOAS    The role of “reasonable restrictions” under the Indian constitution    Tirukattupali Kalyana Krishnamurthy IYER
1974    PhD    London    Buddhist-Christian relationships in British Ceylon, 1797-1948    C W KARUNARATNA    E G S Parrinder
1974    MSc    London, LSHTM    Growth study of the preschool children of Pakistan    M M R KHAN
1974    MPhil    Edinburgh    Implementation of development plans in Pakistan    S J KHAWAJA
1974    DPhil    Oxford, St Hugh’s    The movement towards constitutional reform in Ceylon, 1880-1910    N N LABROOY
1974    DPhil    Oxford    Social and political attitudes of British expatriates in India, 1880-1920    Margaret O MACMILLAN    Prof Gallagher
1974    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    Allahabad: a study in social structure and urban morphology    L MALVIYA
1974    DPhil    Oxford    The Donoughmore Commission in Ceylon, 1927-1931    Tilaka Piyaseeli METHTHANANDA
1974    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    India’s exports and export policies in the sixties    D NAYYAR    Mr P P Streeten
1974    DPhil    Oxford    Prelude to partition: all-India moslem politics, 1920-1932    D J H PAGE
1974    PhD    London, King’s    The social background, motivation and training of missionaries to India, 1789-1858    Frederic S PIGGIN
1974    PhD    York    Some aspects of the Vanni dialect of Sinhalese as contrasted with the dialect of the western region of Sri Lanka    Pushpakumara PREMARATNE
1974    PhD    Manchester    The commercial pressure on the British government policy towards Indian nationalist movement, 1919-1935    M R PREST
1974    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    Change in Bengal agrarian society c.1760-1850: a study of selected districts    Ratnalekha RAY    Prof E G Stokes
1974    PhD    London, SOAS    Education and society in the Bombay Presidency, 1840-1858    A J ROBERTS    Prof K S Ballhatchet
1974    PhD    Bradford    Pakistani villages in a British city: the world of the Mirpuri villager in Bradford and in his village of origin    Verity J SAIFULLAH-KHAN
1974    DPhil    Oxford    Labour and industrial organization in the Indian coal-mining industry, 1900-1939    Colin P SIMMONS    Prof P Mathias
1974    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Nationalism and Indian politics: the Indian National Congress, 1934-1942    B R TOMLINSON    Dr A Seal
1974    PhD    Hull    The European plantation rubber industry in South East Asia, 1876-1921    Phin Keong VOON
1974    PhD    London, SOAS    British scholarship and Muslim rule in India: the work of William Erskine, Sir Henry Elliot, John Dowson, Edwards Thomas, J Talboys Wheeler and Henry J Keene    Tripta WAHI    Dr P Hardy
1974    PhD    Cambridge, Tinity    The society and politics of the Madras Presidency, 1880-1920    D A WASHBROOK    Dr A Seal
1974    PhD    Hull    The Saribas Malays of Sarawak: their social and economic organisation and system of values    BIN kLING ZAINAL
1974/75    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Landlords, planters and colonial rule: a study of tensions in Bengal rural society, c. 1830-1860    Chittabrata PALIT    Prof E T Stokes
1974/75    PhD    London, SOAS    The Khilafat movement in India, 1919-1924    M Naeem QURESHI    SDr Moore
1974/75    PhD    Birmingham    A multisectoral model for manpower and educational planning in Sri Lanka    T W Y RANAWEERA
1974/75    MSc    Cambridge Trinity    The extraction and use of surplus in India and China, 1950-1960    Chiranjivi Shumshere THAPA
1975    MSc    Strathclyde    Foreign indebtedness and debt servicing capacity of Pakistan, 1955-1970    M K ACHIGZAI
1975    MSc    London, LSHTM    Mortality and fertility trends in Orissa, 1951-1972    V AHMAD
1975    PhD    Edinburgh    Industrialisation and the problems of access to finance of small and medium sized forms in Ceylon    C A BALASURIYA
1975    MA    Ulster    Bangladesh: a divided Pakistan    N J BEST
1975    PhD    Manchester    Science and politics in India: accountability of scientific research policy structures, 1952-1970    B BHANEJA
1975    MSc    Salford    Factionalism and party building in India with special reference to the State of Rajasthan    R BHARGAVA
1975    MSc    Wales, Swansea    Population planning in Bangladesh    A R BHUIYAN    Mr J Whetton
1975    PhD    Lancaster    As assessment of the economic effects of a customs union among the South Asian countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka    M A R BHUYAN
1975    PhD    London    The East India Company and its army, 1600-1778    G J BRYANT    Dr P J Marshall
1975    DPhil    sussex    The effects of external assistance on economic development: the case of Sri Lanka    A CHANDRA-RANDENI
1975    PhD    Leeds    The marketing of cotton in Pakistan    I U CHAUDHRY
1975    MSc    Wales, Swansea    Social welfare services in Pakistan: the integration of state and welfare activity    A CHOUDRY    Jim Whetton
1975    PhD    Londond, Wye    Factors influencing India’s exports since 1950    Kashmir Singh DHINDSA
1975    DPhil    Oxford    The journals and memoirs of British travellers and residents in India in the late 18th century and the 19th century prior to the Mutiny    Ketaki K DYSON    Dr C M Ing
1975    PhD    London, SOAS    The structure of politics in South India, 1918-1939: conflict and adjustment in Madras City    J A ELLIS
1975    MA    Sussex    The Vidhan Sabha election, Uttar Pradash, India, of February 1974    J GOODMAN
1975    MPhil    London, UC    Problems of port development in Sri Lanka, with special reference to Colombo    Daya Somalatha GUNATILLAKE
1975    DPhil    Sussex    Peasant agitations in Kheder District, Gujerat, 1917-1934    D R HARDIMAN    Mr P K Chaudhuri
1975    MSc    Wales, Swansea    Organisation and staffing needs in four state social services departments in Malaysia    Kamariah Mohd ISMAIL    Mr C Gore
1975    MScEcon    Wales    Economic development and the problem of unemployment with special reference to Bangladesh    Halim JAHANGIR
1975    PhD    Edinburgh    Public sector investment in the direct development of urban housing in Sri Lanka (Ceylon)    M E JOACHIM
1975    DPhil    Sussex    The relation between land settlement and party politics in Uttar Pradesh, India, 1950-69, with special reference to the formulation of the Bharatiya Kranti Dal    M H JOHNSON
1975    PhD    London, SOAS    Business, labour and opposition movements in the politics of Ahmedabad City, 1960-1972    Bharti KANSARA    Prof W H Morris-Jones
1975    MLitt    Aberdeen    South Asian international relations since rthe emergence of Bangladesh    A KHAN
1975    MA    Sussex    The Congress split of 1969: a study in factional and ideological conflicts    H KINASE-LEGGETT
1975    PhD    London    Legal aspects of stage carriage licensing in India    P LEELAKRISHNAN
1975    PhD    London, SOAS    Economics of higher yielding varieties of rice with special reference to a south Indian district…West Godavari (Andhra Pradesh)    S MADHAVAN    Mr T J Byres
1975    DPhil    Sussex    Political change in an Indian state: Mysore, 1910-1952    James G MANOR    Prof A Low; Dr Reeves
1975    PhD    Leeds    Financial institutions and private investment in Pakistan, 1955/56 to 1969/70    A M M MASIH    Finance
1975    MPhil    London, UC    Self-help in Hyderabad’s urban development    Catherine Anne MEDE
1975    PhD    London, LSE    An analysis of the economy and social organisation of the the Malapantara – a south Indian hunting and gathering people    Brian MORRIS
1975    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    The Indian National Congress and political mobilization in the United Provinces, 1926-1934    G PANDEY

Mr D K Fieldhouse
1975    PhD    Edinburgh    A prototype system for the control of land use and settlements in the planned development of Bangladesh    A M A QUAZI
1975    PhD    London, Inst Comm    The emergence of Bangladesh as a sovereign state    Mizanur RAHMAN
1975    DPhil    Oxfird, Linacre House    Some aspects of the Indian government’s policy of state railways, 1869-1884    V SHANMUGASUNDARAM    Prof K Ballhatchet
1975    PhD    Edinburgh    Changing patterns of cropland use in Bist Doab, Punjab, 1951-1968    Gurjeet SINGH
1975    PhD    London, LSE    A demographic analysis of the sterilization programme in the Indian states, 1957-1973    Veena SONI    Prof D Glass
1975    MLitt    St Andrews    Tax revenue forecasting in a developing economy with special reference to India    D K SRIVASTAVA
1975    DPhil    Sussex    The British in Malabar, 1792-1806    B S W SWAI    Prof D A Low; Dr P Reeves
1975    PhD    London, SOAS    The cotton trade and the commercial development of Bombay, 1855-1875    Antonia M VICZIANY    Dr K N Chaudhuri
1975    PhD    London, SOAS    The Moplah rebellion of 1921-1922 and its genesis    Conrad WOOD
1975/76    PhD    Birmingham    Significance of size in Indian public limited companies    N P NAYAR
1975/76    DPhil    Oxford, Trinity    British policy and the political impasse in India during the viceroyalty of Lord Linlithgow    Gowher RIZVI
1976    MPhil    London, UC    Development of printing in Urdu, 1743-1857    Nazir AHMAD    Mr R Staveley
1976    PhD    London, SOAS    The beginnings of British rule in Upper Burma: the study of British policy and Burmese reaction, 1885-1890    Muhammad S ALI    Prof C D Cowan
1976    MLitt    Glasgow    Jute in the agrarian history of Bengal, 1870-1914: a study in primary production    M W ALI    Prof S Checkland; Mr J F Munro
1976    PhD    Cambridge, Queen’s    Private industrial investment in Pakistan    Rashid AMJAD    Mr M A King
1976    PhD    London, SOAS    The Tamil renaissance and Dravidian nationalism, 1905-1944, with special reference to the works of Maraimalai Atikal    K Nambi AROORAN    Prof K Ballhatchet
1976    PhD    Lancaster    Regional dualism: a case study of Pakistan, 1947/48 to 1969/70    M AZHAR-UD-DIN
1976    PhD    London, SOAS    Patterns of rural development in Tamil Nadu    Robert Wilfred BRADNOCK
1976    DPhil    Sussex    Patterns of tractorization in the major rice growing areas of Sri Lanka    M N CARR
1976    DPhil    Oxford, St John’s    Aspects of the registration and legal control of trade unions in India with some comparative observations    B K CHANDRASHEKAR
1976    MSc    Heriot-Watt    The development of tourism in Sri Lanka(Ceylon)with special reference to Nuwara Elyia    E G DHARMASIRIWARANDE
1976    MPhil    Edinburgh    Some guidelines for a spatial framework for regional planning in Sri Lnaka    N D DICKSON
1976    PhD    London, UC    Some problems relating to constitutional amendments in India    Bhubaneswar DUTTA
1976    MA    Sheffield    An examination of the letters and papers of a Wesleyan missionary (the Rev. James John Ellis of India, 1883-1962    J ELLIS    Prof J Atkinson; Dr J C G Binfield
1976    DPhil    Sussex    Caste and Christianity: a study of the development and influence of attitudes and policies concerning caste held by Protetsant Anglo-Saxon missions in India    D B FORRESTER
1976    DPhil    Sussex    Sri Lanka and the powers: an investigation into Sri Lanka’s relations with Britain, India, US, Soviet Union and China, 1948-1974    Birty GAJAMERAGEDARA    Coral Bell
1976    PhD    Cambridge, Selwyn    Bombay city businessmen and politics, 1918-1933: the politics of indigenous colonial businessmen in relation to rising nationalism and a modernising economy    A D D GORDON    Prof J A Gallagher
1976    MSc    Wales, UWIST    The impact of the Central Freight Bureau of Sri Lanka on liner conferences and trade patterns    M H GUNARATNE
1976    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    Programming for a balanced development of modern industries in Bangladesh    A K Md HABIBULLAH    Prof P N Mathur
1976    MPhil    East Anglia    Techniques and management of annual planning with reference to Bangladesh    Shamsul HAQUE
1976    MSc    Wales, Swansea    Employment planning in Sri Lanka    Nimal HETTIARATCHY
1976    PhD    Cambridge, Christ’s    Agrarian structure and land productivity in Bangladesh: an analysis of farm level data    Mahabub HOSSAIN    Mrs S Paine
1976    PhD    Glasgow    Factor price distortions in Bangladesh    M M HUQ
1976    PhD    London, SOAS    A quantitative study of price movements in Bengal during the 18th and 19th centuries    A S M A HUSSAIN    Dr K N Chaudhuri
1976    MPhil    London    A study of 19th century historical work on Muslim rule in Bengal: Charles Stewart to Henry Beveridge    Muhammad D HUSSAIN    Dr P Hardy
1976    MSc    Wales    Construction and use of new system of national accounts for Sri Lanka    Siripala IPALAWATTE    Prof P N Mathur
1976    PhD    London, LSE    Factor intensity and labour absorption in manufacturing industries: the case of Bangladesh    R ISLAM    Prof A Sen; Dr Dasgupta
1976    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    An investigation into the effect of farm structure on resource productivitiy in selected areas of Bangladesh    Md Abdul JABBAR
1976    PhD    London, Inst Comm    India in the British Commonwealth: the problem of diplomatic representation 1917-1947    James L KEMBER    Dr T Reese
1976    PhD    Aberdeen    International relations in the South Asian sub-continent since the emergence of Bangladesh: conflict or co-operation ?    Ataur Rahman KHAN
1976    MSc    Strathclyde    Indian decision making and the Sino-Indian boundary conflict    R LOUDIS
1976    PhD    Glasgow    Regional disparities and structural change in an underdeveloped economy: a case study of India    M MAJMUDAR
1976    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Radical nationalism in India, 1930-1942: the role of the All India Congress Socialist Party    Z M MASANI
1976    PhD    London, SOAS    Political leadership among the Hindu community in Calcutta, 1857-1885    John G McGUIRE    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1976    MPhil    Leeds    Public enterprise and the economic development of Pakistan: a study of the relationship between industrial finance corporations and the development of the private sector    I MEHDI
1976    PhD    Manchester    Marketing of social products: family planning in Bangladesh    M A MIYAN
1976    PhD    London, UC    History of printing in Bengali characters up to 1866    Hussain Khan MOFAKHKHAR
1976    PhD    Cambridge, Christ’s    An Indian rural society: aspects of the structure of rural society in the United Provinces, 1860-1920    P J MUSGRAVE    Prof E T Stokes
1976    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    The British in India, 1740-1763: a study in imperial expansion into Bengal    J B NICHOL    Prof E T Stokes
1976    PhD    London, LSE    Education and educated manpower in Bangladesh: a study of development after the 1947 partition    M NURUZZAMAN    Dr C M Phillips
1976    PhD    Manchester    The sensitivity of the demand for Indian exports to world prices: a study of particular commodities    N G PEERA
1976    PhD    Glasgow    Some methodological aspects of the cost benefit analysis of irrigation projcts: a case study of the Telegana region of India    Gautam PINGLE    Mr E RAdo; Dr R P Sinha
1976    DPhil    Oxford, St John’s    The role of India in imperial defence beyond its frontiers and home waters, 1919-1939    J O RAWSON    Prof N H Gibbs
1976    PhD    London, LSE    Towards a spatial strategy for Indian development    L R SATIN
1976    PhD    London, SOAS    Municipal markets of Calcutta: three case studies    Mondira SINHA RAY
1976    PhD    London, SOAS    Munda religion and social structure    Hilary STANDING
1976    PhD    London, SOAS    Pakistan: a geopolitical analysis, 1947-1974    Arif Hassan SYED
1976    MSc    Wales, Swansea    Child welfare planning in India    Kalyani Sarojini THADI
1976    PhD    Aston    Techno-economic aspects of the competitive position of natural rubber with special reference to the natural rubber industry in Sri Lanka    G VARATHUNGARAJAN
1976    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney    The impact of tariff protection on Indian industrial growth, 1918-1939, with special reference to the steel, cotton mill and sugar industries    D M WAGLE    Dr W J Macpherson
1976    DPhil    Sussex    The use of project appraisal techniques in the Indian public sector: a case study of the fertiliser industry    John WEISS
1976    PhD    London, SOAS    Decisions and analogy: political structure and discourse among the Ho tribes of India    Michael Piers YORKE
1976/77    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Living saints and their devotees: a study of guru cults in urban Orissa    Deborah Anne SWALLOW    Prof E R Leach
1977    PhD    London, LSE    The jute manufacturing industry of Bangladesh, 1947-1974    Q K AHMAD
1977    DPhil    Oxford    The Bengal Muslims, circa 1871-1906: the re-definition of identity    R AHMED
1977    PhD    Hull    The Boria: a study of a Malay theatre in its socio-cultural context    RAHMAN AZMAN
1977    PhD    London,SOAS    Guardianship in South Asia with special reference to alienation and limitation    M BADARUDDIN
1977    PhD    Lancaster    The image of Gandhi in the Indo-Anglican nove    D CHATTERJEE
1977    PhD    Cambridge, Selwyn    Lancashire cotton trade and British policy in India, 1919-1939    Basudev CHATTERJI
1977    PhD    Aberdeen    Doctrinal and exegetical issues in the Hindu-Christian debate during the nineteenth century Bengal renaissance with special reference to St Paul’s teaching on the religions of the nations    Chee Pang CHOONG
1977    PhD    Glasgow    Technological change in agriculture: the development experience of Tamil Nadu    M D’SA
1977    PhD    Cambridge, Selwyn    Indigo plantations and agrarian society in North Bihar in the 19th and early 20th centuries    C M FISHER    Prof E Stokes
1977    PhD    Edinburgh    Some aspects of the colonial administration in Ceylon, 1855-1865    Alison C FORBES    Dr T J Barron
1977    PhD    Manchester    A model of manpower planning for India    R D GAIHA
1977    PhD    East Anglia    Paddy and rice marketing in Northern Tamil Nadu, India    Barbara HARRISS
1977    PhD    East Anglia    Technological change in agriculture and agrarian social structure in Northern Tamil Nadu    John Charles HARRISS
1977    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Indian National congress and the Indian Muslims (1916-1928)    M HASAN    Dr A Seal
1977    MEd    Wales, Aberystwyth    Television strategies for health education in Pakistan    Muhammad Anwar HASSAN
1977    PhD    London, UC    The tax burden on Bangladeshi agriculture – a welfare economics approach    M HUQ
1977    PhD    Durham    Differentiation, polarisation and confrontation in rural Bangladesh    B K JAHANGIR
1977    DPhil    Oxford, St Hugh’s    Gangaguru: the public and private life of a Brahmin community of North India    A S JAMESON
1977    PhD    Edinburgh    A Bangladeshi town’s elite: a sociological study    F KHAN
1977    MPhil    London, King’s    South Asia Muslims and the ocncept of equality with reference to the 20th century    M LAHLOU    Dr P Hardy
1977    PhD    London, SOAS    Evaluation of integrated rural development project in Pakistan    W E LOVETT
1977    PhD    London    Depression kills more than a self: concepts of mental distress among Pakistanis    R MALIK
1977    PhD    London, SOAS    The origins and early years of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress, 1885-1907    Margot I MORROW    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1977    MPhil    London, SOAS    Caste, rituals and strategies    Rina NAYAR
1977    PhD    Edinburgh    The directors of the East India Company, 1754-1790    J G PARKER    Dr J N M Maclean; Prof V G Kiernan
1977    PhD    Hull    Anglo-Burmese relations, 1795-1826    Gandadharan Padmanabhan RAMACHANDRA
1977    PhD    Leicester    The development of local transport in Bangladesh    Abu REZA
1977    DPhil    Sussex    An analysis of the export performance and policies of Bangladesh since 1950 with special reference to the income and employment implications of trade in manufactures    S A L REZA
1977    DPhil    Sussex    A study of political elites in Bangladesh, 1947-1970    Rangalal SEN    Prof T B Bottomore
1977    PhD    Leeds    Organisation and leadership of industrial labour in Karachi, Pakistan    Z A SHAHEED
1977    PhD    Kent    A monetary macro-economic model for India, 1951/52-1965/66    M A SHAHI
1977    MLitt    Cambridge, Girton    The Congress ministry in Bombay, 1937-1939    Rani SHANKAREDASS    Prof J Gallagher
1977    mpHIL    Edinburgh    A comparative study of development policies in Pakistan, 1955-1970    S H SYED
1977    MPhil    London, Birkbeck    Differences between the UK and Indian management attitudes to organization development (OD) and manpower planning: a comparative study    M N THAKUR
1977    PhD    London, LSE    Anglo-Indian  economic relations, 1913-1928: with special reference to the cotton trade    James David TOMLINSON    Mr M E Falkus; Mr D E Baines
1977/78    PhD    Cambridge, Selwyn    Thje unemployment problem and development planning in Pakistan    Ghazy bin Subh-o MUHJAHID    Mr D A S Jackson
1977/78    PhD    London, LSE    Economic inequality and group welfare: theory and application in Bangladesh    S R OSMANI    Prof A Sen
1977/78    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    The interrelation of agriculture and industry in a developing country: the case of Bangladesh    A H WAHIDUDDIN MAHMUD    Dr R M Goodwin
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    The economic and social organization of selected Mohmand Pukhtun settlements    Akbar S AHMED
1978    MPhil    Leeds    Disguised unemployment in the rural sector in Bangladesh    A H W M ALAM
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    British policy towards the Indian states, 1905-1939    S R ASHTON    Dr B N Pandey
1978    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Lord Willington and India, 19192-1936    George W BERGSTROM    Dr A F Madden
1978    DPhl    Sussex    Inequality, demand, structures and employment: the case of India    R BERRY
1978    PhD    Edinburgh    The Kui people: changes in belief and practice    Barbara Mather BOAL
1978    MPhil    Sussex    Islam in India since the partition of the sub-continent: issues in self-definition    J A BOND
1978    PhD    Leicester    The civil and military patronage of the East India Company, 1784-1840    John Michael BOURNE
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    The history of Janakpurdham: a study of asceticism and the Hindu polity    Richard BURGHART
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    The Hindu family firm and its future in the light of Indian tax law    S C CHAKRABORTY
1978    PhD    Exeter    The production and trade of rice and cotton in Pakistan with special reference to exports to the European Community    M A CHOUDHRY
1978    DPhil    Oxford    The colonial police and anti-terrorism: Bengal 1930-1936, Palestine 1837-1947 and Cyprus 1955-1959    D J CLARK    Prof M E Howard
1978    DPhil    Oxford, Hertford    International trade and payments and economic policy in Ceylon during 1938/1953: a case study in the economics of independence    D C DOLAWATTA    Mr R W Bacon
1978    MPhil    Leicester    An econometric model of consumer behaviour in India, 1950/51-1972/73    A GHATAK
1978    PhD    Durham    Kinship and ritual in a South Indian micro-region    Anthony GOOD
1978    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    Pineapples from Sri Lanka: the export potential of fresh fruit in relation to some aspects of post-harvest deterioration    S J GOONERATNE    Dr P H Lowings
1978    PhD    London    The law of homicide in Pakistan    M HANIF

1978    PhD    Cranfield    Inter-urban bus operation in Bangladesh: a comparative study of the efficiency of the public and private bus sectors    M ISLAM
1978    PhD    Lancaster    Religion and moderenisation: a case study of interactions between Christianity, Hinduism and modernisation in Northern Orissa, 1947-197    A KANJAMALA
1978    PhD    Manchester    Analysis of industrial efficiency in Pakistan, 1959/60 to 1969/70    A R KEMAL
1978    PhD    Cambridge    Indian business and nationalist politics, 1931-1939: the political attitude of the indigenous capitalist class in relation to the crisis of the colonial economy    Claude MARKOVITS    Dr A Seal
1978    PhD    Lancaster    Herman Merivale and the British Empire. 1806-1874, with special reference to British North America, Southern Africa and India    D T McNAB    Dr J M MacKenzie
1978    DPhil    Oxford.     The era of civillisation: British policy for the Indians of the Canadas, 1830-1860    John Sheridan MILLOY    Dr F Madden
1978    PhD    Exeter    An analysis of the world jute economy and its implications for Bangladesh    M G MOSTAFA
1978    PhD    Surrey    Causes of educated unemployment in less developed countries: the case of Sri  Lanka    T PERERA
1978    PhD    Leeds    Public expenditure growth and its role in developing countries: the case of Bangladesh    A H PRAMANIK
1978    DPhil    Sussex    Capacity utilisation and labour employment in large scale manufacturing plant in Bangladesh    Alimur RAHMAN    B Dasgupta
1978    MPhil    Liverpool    A study in some aspects of demand and supply of food in a rapidly expanding population: the case of Bangladesh    F RAHMAN
1978    PhD    Essex    Tenancy and production behaviour in agriculture: a study of Bangladesh agriculture    K M RAHMAN
1978    MPhil    Leeds    The political economy of inflation: a case study of Bangladesh, 1959-1975    Syed Z SADEQUE
1978    PhD    Wales, InstSciTech    Spatial impact of growth poles in the context of regional development planning: a case study in the Ranchi Region (Bihar), India    Suranjit Kumar SAHA
1978    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Agrarian structure, technology and marketed surplus in the Indian economy    A SAITH
1978    MPhil    London, LSE    The Cominterm and the Communist Party of India, 1920-1929    Dushka Hyder SAIYID    Prof J Joll
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    Relations between Roman Catholics and Hindus in Jaffna, Ceylon, 1900-1926: a study of religious encounter    N M SAVERIMUTTU    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    Legal aspects of public enterprise in India and Tanzania: a comparative study    A SEN
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    The life and writings of Sir John William Kaye, 1814-1876    Nihar Nandan Prasad SING
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    Some aspects of education and educational administration in the Madras Presidency between 1870 and 1898: a study of British educational policy in India    S SRIVASTAVA    Mr J Harrison
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    Public expenditure and state accumulation in India, 1960-1970    John F J TOTE    Mr T J Byres
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    Law and order in Oudh, 1856-1877    D B TRIVEDI    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1978    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Periodic markets in south Bihar, India    Sudhir Vyankatesh WANMALI    Dr GP Chapman Mr BH Farmer
1978    PhD    Brunel    Job satisfaction and labour turnover among women workers in Sri Lanka    W T WEERAKOON
1978    PhD    London, SOAS    Gandhists and socialists: the struggle for control of the Indian National Congress, 1931-1939    James Carroll WILSON
1978    MPhil    London, Insti Comm    Political conflict and regionalism: Orissa, 1938-1948    T W WOLF    Prof W H Morris-Jones
1979    MPhil    Edinburgh    National parks planning in Malaysia    A K bin ABANG MORSHIDI
1979    PhD    Cambridge    Labour market and labour utilisation in Bangladesh agriculture: an analysis of farm level data    Iqbal AHMED
1979    PhD    London, SOAS    The history of the city of Dacca, 1840-1884    S U AHMED    Mr Harrison
1979    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Sugar cane cultivation in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh c.1890-1940: a study in the interrelations between capitalistic enterprise and a dependent peasantry    S AMIN    Dr Raychaudhuri
1979    PhD    London, UC    Occupational and spatial mobility among shanty dwellers in Poona: a study of selected settlements and implications for housing policy    M M BAPAT
1979    MLitt    Oxford, St Antony’s    The Punjab and recruitment to the Indian Army (1846-1918)    D BRIEF
1979    PhD    Keele    UN India Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM), 1965-1966    S CHAUHDRY
1979    PhD    Wales    Local government finance in Bangladesh    Amirul Islam CHOWDHURY    Mr J Eaton
1979    PhD    Warwick    Interrelationships between income redistribution and economic growth with special reference to Sri Lanka    H M A CODIPPILY
1979    MPhil    London, SOAS    The constitutional history of Sri Lanka with special reference to the judiciary    M J A COORAY
1979    PhD    London, SOAS    Local politics in Bengal, Midnapur District    Swapan DAS GUPTA
1979    PhD    Edinburgh    Government and princes: India 1918-1939    G J DOUDS
1979    PhD    Manchester    The establishment of nuclear industry in less developed countries: the cases of Argentine, Brazil and India    M DUAYER DE SOUZA
1979    DPhil    Sussex    Levels, the communication of programmes and sectional strategies in Indian politics with reference to the Bharatiya Kranti Dal and the Republican Party of India in Uttar Pradesh State and Aligarh District (UP)    R I DUNCAN
1979    DPhil    Oxford, Keble    An anthropological analysis of the identity of the educated Bengali Muslim middle class of Calcutta, India    P J K EADE    Prof M Freeman
1979    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Bombay peasants and Indian nationalism: a study of economic change and political activity in the Bombay countryside, 1919-1939    Simon J M EPSTEIN
1979    DPhil    Sussex    Bilateral trade and payments agreements as an instrument of trade policy in Ceylon, 1952-1971    L S FERNANDO    D Wall
1979    DPhil    Oxford    Military aid as a factor in Indo-Soviet relations, 1961-1971    P C GERHARDT
1979    PhD    Manchester    Image makers of Kumartuli: the transformation of a caste-based industry in a slum quarter of Calcutta    Beth GOLDBLATT
1979    PhD    Lancaster    Achieving national development in the Third World: a systems study [Sri Lanka and Venezuela]    P W GUNAWARDENA
1979    PhD    London, SOAS    Industrial development of Bengal, 1902-1939    A Z M IFTIKHAR-UL-AWWAL
1979    PhD    Cambridge    Afghanistan in British imperial strategy and diplomacy, 1919-1941    Lesley Margaret JACKMAN
1979    DPhil    Sussex    Changing production relations and population in Uttar Pradesh    Vinod K JAIRATH    S Epstein
1979    DPhil    Oxford, Merton    Religion and politics among the Sikhs in the Punjab, 1873-1925    R A KAPUR    Prof R E Robinson
1979    PhD    Aberdeen    Nationalism in Bangladesh    Ataur R KHAN
1979    MLitt    Oxford, Wolfson    Communities in Ceylon: an ethnic perspective on Sinhalese-Tamil relations    P LANGTON    Dr Schuyler-Jones
1979    PhD    London, Wye    An economic analyses of resource use with respect of farm size and tenure in an area of Bangladesh    Md Abdur Sattar MANDAL
1979    DPhil    Oxford    Hindu pilgrimage with particular reference to West Bengal, India    E Alan MORINIS
1979    MPhil    York    Sociolinguistics of language planning: a historical study of language planning in Sri Lanka    Abul Monsur Md Abu MUSA    Dr M W S De Silva
1979    PhD    London, SOAS    Chittagong Port: a study of its fortunes, 1892-1912    S H OSMANY    Mr J B Harrison
1979    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    Punjab peasants and politics: a study of the Lower Chenab Canal, 1890-1020    B J POFF    Prof E Stokes
1979    PhD    Cambridge, Clare    Agrarian structure and capital formation: a study of Bangladesh agriculture with farm level data    Atiqur RAHMAN
1979    PhD    London, SOAS    The non-official British in India, 1883-1920    R K RENFORD
1979    PhD    Aberdeen    The soils of the central Sarawak lowlands, Malaysia    I M SCOTT
1979    PhD    Durham    The socio-cultural determinants of fertility and the population policy in India    M SEKHRI
1979    PhD    St Andrews    Macroeconmic forecasting in developing countries with special reference to fiscal policy: a case study of India    Dinesh K SRIVASTAVA    Dr GK Shaw
1979    PhD    London,  SOAS    Emergency powers in the Indian constitution    Jahnavi K P SRIVASTAVA
1979    PhD    London, LSE    Democratic considerations and population policies in development planning: a survey of third world countries with case studies of Bangladesh and Pakistan    B F M STAMFORD    Prof D V Glass
1979    PhD    Edinburgh    The development of British Indology    K B SWANSON
1979    PhD    London, Royal Holloway    Anglo-French diplomacy overseas, 1935-1845, with special reference to West Africa and the Indian Ocean    Rosalind M WALLER    Prof G N Sanderson
1979/80    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Some aspects of the monetary and financial experience of a mixed economy: the case of Ceylon, 1950-1970    S W R D SARMARASINGHE    Mr M G Kuczynski
1980    MPhil/PhD    London, LSHTM    Sex differential mortality: a study of the status of women in Pakistan    A AHMAD
1980    DPhil    Sussex    Overseas aid and the transfer of technology – agricultural mechanisation in Sri Lanka    D F BURCH    E Brett
1980    PhD    Aberdeen    Aspects of population changes in British colonial Malacca: a study in social geography    Kok Eng CHAN
1980    PhD    London, SOAS    Rural power and debt in Sind in late 19th century, 1865-1901    David CHEESMAN    Dr Zaidi
1980    PhD    London, UC    Optimal development and various public policies: a case study of Bangladesh    Omar H CHOWDHURY    Mr Lal
1980    PhD    Cambridge    The agrarian economy of northern India, 1800-1880: aspects of growth and stagnation in the Doab    S J COMMANDER    Prof Stokes
1980    PhD    Leeds    Methodism and Sinhalese Buddhism: the Wesleyan-Methodist missionary encounter with Buddhism in Ceylon, 1814-1868, with special reference to the work of Robert Spencer Hardy    Barbara A R COPLANS    Dr E M Pye; Dr R C Towler
1980    PhD    London, King’s    British and Indian strategy and policy in Mesopotamia, November 1914-May 1916    P K DAVIS    Dr M L Dockrill
1980    MPhil    Edinburgh    Use of technology: rural industrialization in Sri Lanka    A DE WILDE
1980    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    The Indian Civil Service. 1919-1947    H A EWING    Dr A Seal
1980    PhD    Edinburgh    Devotional music in Mysore    Gordon GEEKIE
1980    MPhil    CNAA    An approach to the assessment and control by developing countries of the economic costs and benefits of their national fleets, with particular reference to Sri Lanka    M D H GUNATILLAKE
1980    DPhil    Sussex    Development of capitalism in agriculture in Pakistan with special reference to the Punjab Province    S A HUSSAIN
1980    PhD    Cambridge    Popular Christianity, caste and Hindu society in south India, 1800-1915: a study of Travancore and Tirunelveli    Susan Banks KAUFMANN
1980    PhD    Edinburgh    The cost and effictiveness of export incentive schemes in Pakistan, 1950-1970    Mohammad KHAYRAT
1980    PhD    London, SOAS    The city of Lucknow before 1856 and its buildings    Rosaleen M LLEWELLYN-JONES    Dr Chaudhuri
1980    PhD    Manchester    Domestic worship and the festival cycle in the south Indian city of Madurai    Penelope LOGAN
1980    PhD    Leeds    The policy of the government of India towards Afghanistan, 1919-1947    C MAPRAYIL    Prof D Dilks
1980    PhD    Strathclyde    Appropriate products, employment and income distribution in Bangladesh and Ghana: a case study of the soap industry    A K A MUBIN
1980    PhD    Manchester    Choice and transfer of technology: the case of modernization of dairying in India    S K MUKERJI
1980    DPhil    Oxford    The rebellion in Awadh, 1857-1858: a study in popular resistance    R MUKHERJEE
1980    DPhil    Sussex    The Muriya and Tallot Mutte: a study of the concept of the earth among the Muriya Gonds of Bastar District, India    Terrell POPOFF
1980    DPhil    Oxford    Saving in Pakistan, 1950-1977: estimation and analysis    M Z M QURESHI
1980    PhD    Durham    A study of the status of women in Islamic law and society with special reference to Pakistan    S F SAIFI
1980    PhD    London, SOAS    The political economy of rural poverty in Bangladesh    K U SIDDIQUI    Mr T J Byres
1980    DPhil    Sussex    Export led industrial development: the case of Sri Lanka    Upanda VIDANAPATHIRANA    Mr Godfrey
1980    PhD    London    Foreign investment law and policy of India: the control of private direct foreign investment    S L WATKINS
1980    PhD    Kent    The little businessman of Bukit Timah: a study of the economic, social and political organisation of traders in a market complex in Singapore    C W WONG
1981    PhD    London, External    An analysis of academic libraries in the Punjab (Pakistan)and proposals for their future development    Nazir AHMAD
1981    DPhil    Sussex    Institutional structure, income distribution and economic development: a case study of Pakistan    S E AHMAD    R Jolly; P Chaudhuri
1981    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    Productivity, prices and distribution in Pakistan’s manufacturing sector, 1955-1970    Meekal A AHMED    Mr Z A Silberston
1981    PhD    Birmingham    Pakistani entrepreneurs, their development, characteristics and attitudes    Zafar ALTAF
1981    MPhil    Reading    Approaches to the optimisation of calving interval in large dairy herds in Sri Lanka    V ARIYAKUMAR
1981    DPhil    Sussex    Adoption of high-yielding varieties of paddy: a case study of Bangladesh agriculture    M ASADUZZAMAN
1981    MPhil    Oxford    Alternative approaches to the analysis of Indian agriculture: an evaluation    P BALAKRISHNAN
1981    MLitt    Oxford, Balliol    The Indian state and the state of emergency    Ashis BANERJEE    Mr N Maxwell
1981    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    Migration theory with special reference to Delhi    B BANERJEE    Prof I M D Little
1981    PhD    London, SOAS    Evaluation of changes brought about by resettlement scheme in Sri Lanka    G S BETTS
1981    PhD    Newcastle    Genetic variation and structure in selected populations of India    S M S CHAHAL
1981    PhD    London, LSE    Commercial policy and industrialization with special reference to India since independence    S CHATTERJEE    Prof T Scitovsky
1981    PhD    Edinburgh    The politics and technology ofsharing  the Ganges    B CROW
1981    PhD    Hull    Karst water studies and environment in West Malaysia    J CROWTHER
1981    DPhil    Sussex    Land and politics in West Bengal: a sociological study of a multicaste village    A S DASGUPTA
1981    DPhil    Sussex    Population trends and changes in village organisation – Rampur revisited    M DASGUPTA    S Epstein; R Cassen
1981    MPhil    London, King’s    A study of female offenders in Sri Lanka and England    S S H DE SILVA
1981    MPhil    Oxford    Educated unemployment in India    D J DONALDSON
1981    DPhil    Sussex    Rules and transactions: some aspects of marriage among the Dhund Abbasi of North East Pakistan    H DONNAN
1981    PhD    London    India’s relations with developing countries: a study of the political economy of Indian investment, aid, overseas banking and insurance    S K DUTT
1981    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    Geomorphology and environmental change in South India and Sri Lanka    Rita A M GARDNER    Dr A S Goudie
1981    PhD    Aberdeen    A study of Bangladesh tea soils with particular reference to the efficiency of phosphatic fertilizers    A K M GOLAM KIBRIA
1981    MPhil    Oxford    Some early British socialists in India    N GOPAL
1981    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    The agrarian economy of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1941    Sumit GUHA
1981    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Planning for growth and structural change in an under-nourished economy: the case of India    U R GUNJAL    Dr D M Nuti
1981    PhD    Manchester    Buddism, magic and society in a southern Sri Lankan town    M C HODGE
1981    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    An investigation of the impact of British rule in India, c 1820-1860 in the context of political, social and economic continuity and change    D J HOWLETT    Dr G Johnson
1981    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The origins of the partition of India, 1936-1947    Anita INDER SINGH
1981    PhD    Cambridge    Jinnah, the Muslim League and the demand for Pakistan    A JALAL
1981    PhD    London, Imperial    Supervisory style and work group satisfaction: an empirical study in the textile industry in Sri Lanka    N W N JAYASIRI
1981    MPhil    Sussex    The effect of proximity to urban influence on rural leadership in Sri Lanka    s JAYATILAKE    R Dore
1981    MPhil    London, LSHTM    Relations between estimation biases and response errors in the analysis of a retrospective demographic survey of Bangladesh    Mokbul Ahmed KHAN    Prof W Brass
1981    MTh    Aberdeen    Salvation in a Malaysian context    Boo Wah KHOO
1981    MPhil    Edinburgh    British and Indian post-war new towns: a comparative analysis    D KUMER
1981    PhD    London, LSE    Bhutto, the People’s Pakistan Party and political development in Pakistan,1867-1977    M LODHI
1981    PhD    Bradford    The economics of railway traction with particular reference to India    J MAJUMDAR
1981    PhD    London, SOAS    Law and development in Sri Lanka: an historical perspective, 1796-1989     M L MARASINGHE
1981    PhD    Glasgow    The techno-economic development of the Indian machine tool industry, with special emphasis on aspects affecting efficiency    Ronald G MATTHEWS
1981    PhD    Durham    Spatial patterns of population growth and agricultural change in the Punjab, Pakistan, 1901-1972    M A MIAN
1981    PhD    Cambridge    Patterns of long-run agrarian change in Bombay and Punjab, 1881-1972    S C MISHRA
1981    PhD    Edinburgh    An empirical analysis of export promotion in Pakistan, 1959-1977    K MOHAMMAD
1981    DPhil    Sussex    The state and peasantry in Sri Lanka    M P MOORE
1981    PhD    Warwick    Rural factor markets in Pakistan    I NABI    Prof Stern
1981    PhD    Wales, UCNW    Basic needs fulfillment and the evaluation of land use alternatives with special reference to forestry in Kerala State, India    C T S NAIR
1981    MPhil    Oxford    The structure of Indian society: a study of some aspects of the work of Louis Dumont    S S RANDERIA
1981    DPhil    Sussex    The historical problems of agricultural productivity with special reference to the use of modern technology inputs: a case study of Meerut district in western Uttar Pradesh    Sumit ROY    B Dasgupta
1981    PhD    London, SOAS    The thakur and the goldsmith: aspects of legitimation in an Indian village    Christopher Thomas SELWYN
1981    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity Hall    The agrarian constraint to economic development: the case of India    Abhijit SEN    Mr J A Rowthorn
1981    MPhil    London, LSE    Control and regulation of cotton marketing in India, 1950-1975    J SENGUPTA    Prof B S Yamey
1981    MPhil    Kent    Patani nationalism    O bin SHEIKH AHMAD
1981    PhD    Cambridge, St Edmund’s    Canal irrigation and agrarian change under colonial rule: a study of the UP Doab, India, 1830-1930    Ian Edward STONE
1981    PhD    London    The growth of the Muslim League in the Punjab, 1937-1946    I A TALBOT
1981    MPhil    Brunel    A study of financing of small industries in UK and India    J P TEWARI
1981    DPhil    Sussex    Population, growth and labour utilisation in a rural/urban context: a Sri Lanka case study    W TILAKARATNE
1981    PhD    London, SOAS    Determinants of change in population resource relationships at village level: a study of two south Indian villages    Christopher Louis WILDE
1981    PhD    Bath    Class formation, state intervention and rural development in South Asia    G D WOOD
1981    PhD    London, LSE    The identification of developing Soviet strategy interests in the Indian Ocean, 1968-1974    Rashna Minoo WRITER    Mr P Windsor
1981    PhD    London, SOAS    The impact of canal irrigation on the rural structuresof the Punjab: the canal colony districts, 1880 to 1940    Fareeha ZAFAR
1982    DPhil    Sussex    Capital accumulation, land productivity and agrarian structure in Bangladesh agriculture    M ALAM
1982    PhD    Warwick    Effects of taxation on business in less developed countries with special reference to Sri Lanka    P BENNETT
1982    DPhil    Sussex    Agrarian structure, economic change and poverty: the experience of central Gujerat    BHANWARSINGH
1982    PhD    London, Imperial    Development of the labour process in the Indian electrical industry    B BHUSHAN
1982    PhD    Edinburgh    Energy flows in subsistence agriculture: a study of a dry zone village in Sri Lanka    Jan Roderic BIALY
1982    PhD    Cambridge    Conjugal units and single persons: an analysis of the social system of the Naiken of the Nilgirirs (South India)    Nirut BIRD
1982    PhD    Aberdeen    A sociological study of the development of social classes and social structure of Bangladesh    B M CHODWHURY
1982    PhD    Salford    Foreign aid and economic development: a case study of Pakistan with special reference to poverty and income distribution    M K CHOUDHARY
1982    PhD    Cabridge    A study of cotton-weaving in Bangladesh: the relative advantages and disadvantages of handloom weaving and factory production    Nuimuddin CHOWDHURY
1982    DPhil    Sussex    Technological innovation in agriculture in India: an analysis of economic policy and political pressures    F C CLIFT
1982    DPhil    Sussex    Open unemployment and poverty in the rural sector in Sri Lanka    I COOMARASWAMY
1982    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    The jute economy of Bengal, 1900-1947: unequal interaction between the industrial, trading and agricultural sectors    O GOSWAMI    Dr Raychaudhuri
1982    DPhil    Sussex    Changing socio-economic relations in a Kandyan countryside    P N GUNASINGHE    S Epstein
1982    MPhil    Leeds    Recovery of gemstones from river gravels in Sri Lanka    S M HERATH BANDA
1982    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The changing structure of cotton textile production in Bengal under the impact of the East India Company, 1750-1813, and the textile producers of Bengal    Hameeda HOSSAIN    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1982    MPhil    Sussex    The difference between ideological planning and service performance and the problems of differential access to agricultural credit in Bangladesh: the case of the integrated rural development programme    Sajjad HUSSAIN
1982    PhD    London, LSE    Boundary problems in South Asia    K H KAIKOBAD    Prof I Brownlie
1982    DPhil    Sussex    Spring Valley: a social, anthropological and historical enquiry into the impact of the tea estates upon a Sinhalese village in the Uva Highlands of Sri Lanka    C P KEMP
1982    DPhil    Oxford, Trinity    Pakistan’s relations with the USA, the USSR, China and India from the Sino-Indian war of 1962 to the Simla Pact    Mohamed Jameelur Rehman KHAN    Dr S Rose
1982    PhD    London    Aspects of the urban history, social, administrative and insttitutional of Dacca City, 1921-1947    Nazia KHANUM    Mr J B Harrison
1982    MPhil    Cambridge, Magdalene    The British policy of withdrawal from India: in particular with reference to its impact on the subsequent political development of India    S W KIM    Mr C Barnett
1982    DPhil    Oxford, New    The Indian coal industry after nationalisation    Rajiv KUMAR    Mr S Lall
1982    PhD    Lonon, SOAS    Industrial location and regional policy in south India    James William MACKIE    Dr Bradnock
1982    PhD    Cambridge    Women’s work and economic power in the family: a study of two villages in West Bengal    Linda Catherine MAYOUX
1982    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    Construction of capital and labour coefficient matrices for the India economy and their use in framing a development plan    Deba Kumar Datt MAZUMDAR    Prof F N Mathur
1982    PhD    Edinburgh    Relativization in Bengali    A K M MORSHED
1982    PhD    London, LSE    India and the EEC, 1962-1973    Bishakha MUKHERJEE
1982    PhD    Keele    Social aspects of production and reproduction in Bonda society    Bikram N NANDA
1982    MPhil    Reading    The evaluation and control of constraints on the development of dairying in the Jaffna District of Sri Lanka    A NAVARATNARAJAH
1982    DPhil    Sussex    Social change and class relations in rural Sri Lanka    U L PERERA    R Dore
1982    PhD    Manchester    An evaluationof the problems of measuring the profit performance of multinational enterprise in less developed countries: a case study of Bangladesh    M Z RAHMAN
1982    DPhil    Sussex    Villagers education aspirations and their relationship to rural development: a south Indian case study    Sudha V RAO    S Epstein
1982    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    On liberty and economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India    Subroto ROY    Prof F Hahn
1982    PhD    London, LSHTM    Education and fertility in Pakistan    Zeba A SATHAR
1982    PhD    London, LSE    Maintaining non-alignment: India’s political relations with the superpowers in the 1970s    Muhammad Azher Zafar SHAH    Mr C J Hill
1982    DPhil    Sussex    The process of rural change and its impact on income distribution in Gujerat    Bhanwar SINGH    R Cassen
1982    PhD    Leeds    Analytical techniques in agricultural development planning: a critical appraisal of a project for the modernization of an irrigation scheme in Sri Lanka    Nelson VITHANAGE    Mr I G Simpson
1982    PhD    Reading    A biological study of the benefits of intercropping in England and India    N VORASOOT
1982/83    PhD    Birmingham    Pakistan: the energy sector: a study in sector planning    Tariq RIAZ
1982/83    PhD    Cambridge    A study of the development of the sugar industry in Ahmednagar Diustrict, Maharashtra, (with particular reference to the harvesting and carting labourers employed in the industry    Joy RICHARDSON
1982/83    PhD    London, SOAS    Politics and the state in Pakistan, 1947-1975    Mohammad WASEEM
1983    PhD    London, LSHTM    Dimensions of intra-household food and nutrient allocation: a study of a Bangaldeshi village    M ABDULLAH    Ms Wheeler
1983    PhD    Aberdeen    Inter-religious controversy in India: the interpretation of Jesus in the works of Rammohun Roy and Sayyid Ahmad Khan    Muda Ismail bin AB-RAHMAN
1983    DPhil    Oxford    Emerson and India    S ACHARYA
1983    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    The contribution of Elphinstone College to higher education and political leadership in the Bombay Presidency. 1840-1940    Naheed AHMAD    Prof R E Robinson
1983    PhD    London, Inst Comm    The Mujib regime in Bangladesh, 1972-75: an analysis of its problems and performance    A U AHMED
1983    PhD    London, King’s    Chromite deposits of the Sakhakot-Qila ultramafic complex, Pakistan    Zulfiqar AHMED
1983    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    Rural society and politics in Bengal, 1900-1950    Sugata BOSE    Prof T E Stokes
1983    PhD    City    Conflict and communication in the Third World: a study of class and ethnic bases of conflict and relationships between these and the mass media in Pakistan and Nigeria    C M BRYNIN
1983    PhD    London, SOAS    Contemporary problems in Hindu religious endowments    Nihar Ranjan CHAKRABARTI
1983    PhD    Cambridge    Labour and society in Bombay, 1918-1940: workplace, neighbourhood and social organization    R S CHANDAVARKAR    Dr A Seal
1983    MLitt    Oxford, Trinity    The Congress ministers and the Raj, 1937-1939: a style of British policy and Indian politics    Sunil CHANDER    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1983    PhD    London, King’s    Transforming a traditional agriculture: the change from subsistence to commercial cropping in a part of Hazara District, Pakistan    K L COOK
1983    PhD    London, SOAS    Family and business in a small town of Rajasthan    C COTTAM    Dr L Caplan
1983    MPhil    Edinburgh    Towards a national human settlements strategy for Pakistan    M CRAGLIA
1983    PhD    London, SOAS    The urban demography of industrialization and its economic implications, with particular reference to a region of India from 1951 to 1971    Nigel Royden CROOK
1983    PhD    Newcastle    Agricultural export diversification and earnings instability of Sri Lanka    Maxwell Peter DE SILVA
1983    PhD    London, SOAS    British firms and the economy of Burma, with special reference to the rice and teak industries    Maria Serena Icaziano DIOKNO
1983    MPhil    London, UC    Jammu and Kashmir: a selected and annotated bibliography of manuscripts, books and articles together with a survey of its history, languages and literature from Rajatarangini, 1977/8    Ramesh Chander DOGRA
1983    PhD    London, SOAS    Trade unionism in Bengal before 1922: historical origins, development and characteristics    Stephen N GOURLAY    Dr K chaudhuri
1983    PhD    Exeter    Forms of Chhou: an investigation of an Indian theatre tradition    S J HAWKES
1983    PhD    London, Wye    Food production and food entitlement in rural Bangladesh: five year outlook for a small community in an irrigated area    Walza Md Hossaine JAIM    Mr G Allanson
1983    PhD    Cambridge    The economic and social bases of political allegiance in Sri Lanka, 1947-1982    D J JAYANNATHA    Mr G P Hawthonr
1983    PhD    London, SOAS    Domestic terms of trade and agricultural taxation policy in Pakistan, 1970-1977    Shahnaz KAZI    Mr T Byres
1983    PhD    Wales    Production technology and industrial development: India’s planning period    Edward Lawrence LYNK
1983    PhD    London, SOAS    Transport systems and urban growth in Punjab, Pakistan    M K MALIK    Dr R W Bradnock
1983    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Peasant society and agricultural development: a case study from coastal Orissa    S MITRA    Prof J A Barnes
1983    PhD    London    A general information programme for Pakistan: some problems and prospects with special reference to the promotion of cultures in the libraries and other information centres    Rafia MOHADADALLY
1983    PhD    London, UC    A general information programme for Pakistan: some problems and prospects with special reference to the promotion of culture in the libraries and other information centres    Rafia MOHAMMADALLY
1983    PhD    Cranfield    Smallholder mechanization in Pakistan    A Q A MUGHAL
1983    DPhil    Oxford    Madrasahs, scholars and saints: Muslim response to the British presence in Delhi and the Upper Doab, 1803-1857    Farhan Ahmed NIZAMI    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1983    MPhil    Edinburgh    Social consequences of rural economic change in South Asia    O NOTE
1983    PhD    London, SOAS    A study of low caste consciousness and social protest in Western India in the later 19th century    Rosalind O’HANLON    Prof K Ballhatchet
1983    PhD    Bradford    Gandhi as a political organiser; an analysis of local and national campaigns in Inda    B OVERY
1983    PhD    London, SOAS    Contact and controversy between Islam and Christianity in northern India, 1833-1857: the relations between Muslim and Protestant missionaries in the north-western provinces and Oudh    Avril Ann POWELL    Prof K Ballhatchet
1983    DPhil    Sussex    Technological capacity and production performance in the fertilizer and the paper industries in Bangladesh    H A QUAZI
1983    PhD    London, SOAS    Differrentiation of the peasantry in Bangladesh: an empirical study with micro-level data    A RAHMAN    Mr T J Byres
1983    MPhil    Edinburgh    Planning for rural development with particular reference to Bangladesh    A H S RAHMAN    Mr J B Leonard; Prof P Johnson-Marshall
1983    PhD    Birmingham    A study of small indigenous church movements in Andra Pradesh    S RAJ
1983    PhD    London, InstiComm    Problems of organisation, policies and mobilisation in the development of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League, 1936-1947    Mohammed Harun-Or RASHID    Prof W H Morris-Jones
1983    PhD    London, UC    Commodity taxes and employment policy in developing countries (with special reference to India)    B RAYCHAUDHURI
1983    PhD    Edinburgh    Responsiveness and rules: parent-child interaction in Scotland and India    V REDDY
1983    MPhil    Sueery    Alignment in Pakistan’s foreign policy, 1954-1977    Arif H SYED    Prof C Pick
1983    MLitt    Aberdeen    The 1853 Government of India Act    Jane THOMAS    Miss R M RTyzack; Dr E C Bridges
1983    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    Labour migration and economic development in an Indian hillarea    W WHITTAKER    Mr B H Farmer
1983    PhD    Warwick    Some experiments with a multisectoral intertemporal optimization model for Sri Lanka    D E WIJESINGHE
1984    PhD    Bristol    The socio-economic aspects of the population age structure of Uttar Pradesh, India    Mhammed ABUZAR    Dr Morgan
1984    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Peasant production and capitalist development: a model with reference to Bangladesh    Abu M S ADNAN
1984    PhD    London, LSE    Squatter settlements of Karachi: a comparative perspective of the culture of activism    M O L AZAM
1984    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney    Regional dependence and rural development in Central India, 1820-1930    C N BATES    Dr D A Washbrook
1984    DPhil    Oxford    Agricultural growth in Bangladesh and West Bengal    J K BOYCE
1984    PhD    Edinburgh    The Vellore Mutiny, 1806    Alan D CAMERON    Prof G Shepperson
1984    PhD    Cambridge, Jesus    Opening up the interior: the impact of railways on the north Indian economy and society, 1860-1914    Ian David DERBYSHIRE
1984    PhD    Reading    Technology, growth and distribution in Sri Lanka’s paddy sub-sector    J FARRINGTON
1984    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Non capitalist land rent: theories and the case of North India    J GHOSH    Mr T Byres
1984    PhD    Ulster    The 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava: Whig Ulster landlord and imperial statesman     A T HARRISON    Dr T G Fraser
1984    PhD    Edinburgh    The cultural determinants of fertility in a region of South India    Heather M  JACKSON
1984    PhD    London, SOAS    Human rights – the Sri Lanka experience    N JAYAWICKRAMA
1984    PhD    London, Bedford    Urban transport problems: the case of Bombay    P JOSHI    Dr D Hilling
1984    PhD    London, LSE    Caste and temple service in a Sinhalese highland village    Andrew John KENDRICK    Dr J P Perry
1984    PhD    London, SOAS    Tribal settlement and socio-economic integration: a case study of the Bannu lowlands, Pakistan    Gul Mohammad KHAN    Dr R Bradnock
1984    MPhil    Sussex    The effects of the changing patterns of leadership on succession problems and the use of ideology: a comparative study of India (1962-1969)and Japan (1929-1936)    H KINASE-LEGGETT    B D Graham
1984    PhD    London, SOAS    The British administaration of the Kandyan provinces of Sri Lanka, 1815-1833    K M P KULASEKERA    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1984    PhD    Cambridge, Clare    Studies in the development of India’s non-traditional manufactured exports, 1957-1980    A KUMAR    Prof W B Reddaway
1984    DPhil    Sussex    Implications of international mobility of labour for trade and development with particular reference to Bangladesh    Raisul MAHMOOD    Mr Godfrey
1984    MLitt    Oxford, St Antony’s    The Communist Movement in West Bengal. 1962-1980    Ross MALLICK    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1984    PhD    London, SOAS    Role and ritual in Hindu marriage    Werner F MENSKI    Prof J D M Derrott
1984    DPhil    Oxford, Magdalen    Political mobilisation and the nationalism movement in India – a study of eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, 1936-1942    Chandan S MITRA    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1984    PhD    Cambridge, Christ’s    Instability in food grain production: causes, adjustments, policies: a case study of Bangladesh    K A S MURSHID    Prof A Robinson
1984    DPhil    Sussex    Poverty and inequality in rural India: a state-wide analysis of trends since 1950    R NAYYAR    P Chaudhuri
1984    PhD    Edinburgh    Productivity and innovation in traditional agriculture: a comparative study of agricultural development in the Forth Valley, 1760-1841 and the Bengal Presidency, 1870-1914    Alastair William ORR
1984    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Alliance and elopement: economy, social order and sexual antagonism the Kalasha (Kalash Kafirs) of Chitral    Peter S C PARKES    Dr Schuyler-Jones
1984    PhD    Leicester    The structure, petrology and geochemistry of the Kohistan batholith, Gilgit, Kashmir, North Pakistan    Michael George PETTERSON
1984    PhD    Cambridgew    Respecting power: temples, resources and authority in southern Tamilnadu, India    Gordon Darge PRAIN
1984    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    The evolution of the agrarian economy of western India, 1860-1940: a case study of selected Gujerat and Deccan districts    S PRAKASH    Dr G Johnson
1984    PhD    London, LSE    Rural protest and politics: a study of peasant movements in Western Maharashtra, 1875-1947    Livi Nancy Mary RODRIGUES
1984    PhD    London, SOAS    Crime and society in the Sinhala speaking areas of Sri Lanka, 1865-1905    John D ROGERS    Prof K Ballhatchet
1984    MPhil    Nottingham    The right to property under the Indian independence constitution    J S SANGHIA    Prof Pear
1984    PhD    Cambridge    Rural organizations in Sri Lanka: official policy and institutional reform in the peasant agricultural sub-sector, 1948-1977    S SATHANANDAN
1984    PhD    London, SOAS    Muslim society and politics in the Punjab    P SCRAGG    Dr Zaidi
1984    MPhil    London, LSE    Bengal economic development, 1790-1830    P SEN    Mr M E Falkus
1984    PhD    Reading    Tropical forest monitoring using digital Landsat data in northeastern India    Ashbindu SINGH
1984    PhD    Cambridge    Temple “prostitution” and community reform: an examination of the ethnographic, historical and textual context of the devadasi of Tamil Nadu, south India    A SRINAVASAN

1984    PhD    Edinburgh    Technology transfer in the Indian and Indonesian pharmaceutical industries    A J STOKER

1984 PhD London, SOAS, British Attitudes to Indian Nationalism, 1922-1935. Pillarisetti SUDHIR. Professor Kenneth A. Ballhatchet.

1984    PhD    London,  SOAS    Ritual status in the life cycles of women in a village of central India    catherine S THOMPSON    Prof A Mayer
1984    DPhil    Sussex    Gender as a variable in the political process: a case study of women’s participation in state-level electoral politics, Andhra Pradesh, India    C WOLKOWITZ
1985    PhD    Strathclyde    The development of small-scale enterprises: a study of the agriculture-related engineering industry in Pakistan Punjab    K AFTAB
1985    PhD    London, Royal Holloway    The emergence of Muslim socialists in North India, 1917-1947    Khizar H ANSARI    Dr F C R Robinson
1985    PhD    Salford    The impact of farm mechanization on productivity and employment: a case study of Punjab, Pakistan    M ASHRAF
1985    PhD    Durham    Blue-green algal nitrogen fixation associated with deepwater rice in Bangladesh    A AZIZ
1985    PhD    London, SOAS    Indian opium and Sino-Indian trade relations    F BAKHALA    Prof K N Chaudhuri
1985    PhD    Cambridge    On the Srawacs or Jains: processes of division and cohesion among two Jain communities in India and England    M J BANKS
1985    PhD    London, SOAS    Martial law in Bangladesh, 1975-`979: a legal analysis    M E BARI
1985    PhD    London, SOAS    Thomas Munro: the decision making process in Madras, 1795-1830    H BREITMEYER    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1985    PhD    London, LSE    Political radicalism and middle class ideology in Bengal: a study of the politics of Subhas Chandra Bose, 1928-1940    B CHAKRABARTY
1985    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    The behaviour of industrial prices in India, 1947-1977    Ruchira CHATTERJI    Dr G Meeks
1985    PhD    Edinburgh    Lateritic soils and their managment in parts of West Bengal    Sandip K CHAUDHURI
1985    PhD    London, SOAS    Social change and the development of “modern” politics in Travancore from the late 19th century to 1938    James L CHIRIYANKANDATH    Dr P G Robb
1985    PhD    Manchester    The role of exchange rate policies in the balance of payments and adjustment process in a small open developing economy: a case study of Sri Lanka    S S COLOMBAGE
1985    DPhil    Sussex    Sharecropping and sharecroppers’ struggles in Bengal, 1930-1950    Adrienne J COOPER    Mr R Guha
1985    MSc    Stirling    The mechanism of distribution of marketed surplus in the models of dual economies through the Soviet, Chinese and Indian practice towards economic development    Z COTTI
1985    PhD    Sheffield    Vegetation and land use studies in the Udawalawe Basin, Sri Lanka    D S EPITAWATTA
1985    PhD    Newcastle    Analysis of the lactation curve of Pakistani dairy buffaloes    K Z GONDAL
1985    DPhil    Oxford, St Edmund Hall    The relations between Britian, India and Burma in the formulaton of imperial policy, 1890-1905    G P GUYER
1985    PhD    Lancaster    The continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogacara in Indian Mahayana Buddhism    I C HARRIS
1985    PhD    London, LSE    Women in the urban labour force in Pakistan: the case of Lahore    Emma HOOPER
1985    PhD    Strathclyde    The choice of technique in cotton textiles and its impact on employment in Bangladesh    M R ISLAM
1985    DPhil    Sussex    The impact of male outmigration on intra-village social relationships: a case study of Meharabad, a Punjabi village in Pakistan    Naveed-I-Rahat JAAFRI
1985    PhD    Edinburgh    Health and the state in India    Roger JEFFERY
1985    PhD    Oxford    Limites and renewals: transformations of belief in Kipling’s fiction    S KEMP
1985    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    The traditional tabla drumming of Lucknow in its social and cultural context    J R KIPPEN
1985    MPhil    CNAA, Kingston Poly    The rubber industry in India: a vital industry in the planned economy    P A MARS
1985    PhD    Cambridge    Economic relations between a centrally planned and a developing market economy: Indo-Soviet trade (1970-1982)and technology transfer (post 1955)    Santosh Kumar MEHROTRA    Dr P Nolan
1985    DPhil    Oxford    The Bengal Muslim intelligentsia, 1937-1977: the tension between the religious and the seccular    Tazeen Mahnaz MURSHID
1985    PhD    Kent    The impact of colonial rule in Johore: a case of social and political adjustment    M S H MUSTAJAB
1985    PhD    London, LSE    The sacred city of Anuradhapura: aspect of Sinhalese Buddhism and nationhood    Elizabeth NISSAN    Dr C J Fuller; Dr J P Parry
1985    MPhil    Manchester    Land ownership and irrigation development in the Sind region of Pakistan: institutional constraints on technical change    Meherunissa M K PANWHAR
1985    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Social and political implications of changing land and labour relations in rural Bangladesh: a village level study    Tanyal RAHMAN VIROOMAL
1985    DPhil    Oxford, Lincoln    The Naxalites and their ideology: a study in the sociology of knowledge    Rabindra RAY    Dr F Parkin
1985    PhD    Cambridge    Honour, nurture and festivity: aspects of female religiosity amongst Jain women in Jaipur    J REYNELL
1985    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    An analysis of the structure, conduct and performance of the date marketing system in Sind-Pakistan    Muneer Ali Shah RIZVI
1985    PhD    Brunel    The influence of the state in the industrial relations systems of third world countries with special reference to Bangladesh    S A SIDDIQ
1985    MPhil    London, LSHTM    Refugees, health and development: a case study of Tibetan refugees in India    Staphanie Pietre Pardoe SIMMONDS
1985    PhD    Durham    Ritual tradition of Berava caste of southern Sri Lanka    Robert SIMPSON    Mr D Brooks
1985    DPhil    Oxford, Christ Church    Some aspects of implementing appropriate technology with special reference to cotton textiles in India    Harsha Vardhana SINGH    Mrs F J Stewart
1985    PhD    Aston    Nations and organisations: a comparative study of English and Indian work-related values and attitudes in matched manufacturing firms    M H TAYEB
1985    PhD    London, SOAS    Planned language and Penang Hokkien: the socioeconomic effects of language planning on an urban Chinese community in West Malaysia    Diane Arnauld de TERRA
1985    PhD    London, Inst Ed    Education and rural development in India since independence in 1947: with special reference to Kerala    Joseph THAIKOODAN    Prof B holmes
1985    PhD    London, Queen Elizabeth    Class, nutrition education and growth: a class analysis of the impact on infant nutritional status of maternal education concerning early supplementation in Bangladesh    Katharine J WILSON    Dr C Greissler
1985    PhD    Edinburgh    Upholding the veil: Hindu women’s perceptions of gender and caste identity in rural Pakistan    Caroline Sara Lindsay YOUNG

1986    PhD    Bradford    Higher education in developing countries    M A ADEEB
1986    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    Information, uncertainty and rural credit markets in Pakistan    Irfan ALEEM    Prof J A Mirrlees
1986    MPhil    Edinburgh    Housing and the state in Lahore, Pakistan    I U BAJWA
1986    MPhil    Edinburgh    Visual patterns and the landscape of wet zone Sri Lanka    S I BALASURIYA
1986    MPhil    Ulster    Russio-Afghan boundary demarcation. 1884-1895    Anila BALI    Dr T G Fraser
1986    PhD    London, SOAS    The devolution of government in Sri Lanka: legal aspects of the relationship between central and local government: an historical and comparative study    S A BANDARANAYAKE
1986    PhD    Keele    Migrant employment in the urban formal sector: the jute industry in Dacca, Bangladesh    Salma BANU    Prof D Dwyer
1986    PhD    Sheffield    The economic impact of a regional economy: the case of Bhilai Steel Plant (India)    S BHATARA    Mr W D Watts
1986    PhD    Open    Implementation across national boundaries: implementing the Government of India Act, 1935    V BOROOAH
1986    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    British politics and the East India Company, 1767-1773    H V BOWEN    Prof P D H Thomas
1986    PhD    London, LSHTM    Evaluation of a community based oral rehydration programme in rural Bangladesh    Ahmed M R CHOWDHURY
1986    PhD    Exeter    Household, kin and community in a Bangladesh village    M A M CHOWDHURY
1986    PhD    Cranfield    Rice by-product production, disposal and utilisation in Sri Lanka    S ELIAS
1986    PhD    London    Trade, kinship and Islamisation: a comparative study of the social and economic organisation of Muslim and Hindu traders in Tirunelveli District, South India    Frank Sylvester FANSELOW
1986    PhD    Aberdeen    Inter-religious conflict in India – the dynamics of Hindu-Muslim relations in North Malabar, 1498-1947    Theodore Paul Christian GABRIEL    Prof A Walls
1986    DPhil    Sussex    Rice in Bangladesh: post harvest losses, technology and employment    M T GREELEY
1986    MSc    Cambridge    The impact of Sri Lankan land reform measures, 1972-1975, on the tea sub-sector    S A P JAYATILAKA
1986    MLitt    Oxford, Trinity    The nature of Indian state: an investigation into the interrelationship between economic and political crisis (1965-75)    A K JHA
1986    PhD    London, LSE    The functions of children in the household economy and levels of fertility: a case study of a village in Bangladesh    N KABEER    Mr C M Langford
1986    MPhil    Edinburgh    The role of incentives for paddy cultivation in developing countries with reference to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka    G A M KARUNARATNE
1986    PhD    Reading    Obstacles to the adoption of modern rice cultivation practices by small farmers in Bangaldesh    Md Abul KASHEM
1986    PhD    Glasgow    Handling of industrial disputes in the public sector industries in Bangladesh    M A A KHAN
1986    DPhil    York    The state, village society and political economy of agricultural development in Bangladesh. 1960-1985    S A KHAN
1986    DPhil    Oxford, Corpus    Instability of jute prices and supplies: the impact on and implications for jute fibre production in Bangladesh    Reza KIBRIA    Mr M F G Scott
1986    MPhil    Essex    Selected aspects of India’s foreign trade in the 1970s    S LAKRA
1986    MTh    Wales, Aberystwyth    The life of the people of north Mizoram prior to and subsequent to the advent of Christianity, up the the year of the Mizo Church’s jubilee in 1944    J M LLOYD
1986    PhD    Bradford    The modelling and analysis of national development strategies for India    P MANDAL
1986    PhD    Cambridge, Emmanuel    Financial and manpower aspects of the Dominions and India’s contribution to Britain’s war effort, 1914-1919    G W MARTIN    Dr Z S Steiner
1986    PhD    Leicester    Fulfilment theology: the Aryan race theory and the work of British Protestant missionariesin Victorian India    Martin MAW
1986    PhD    London, LSHTM    Patterns of adult energy nutrition in a south Indian village    G McNEILL
1986    PhD    Dundee    Estimates of gross domestic product by provinces in Pakistan    A M MIRZA
1986    DPhil    Oxford, New    Caste, Christianity and Hinduism: a study of social organisation and religion in rural Ramnad    C MOSSE    Dr N J Allen
1986    MPhil    East Anglia    Go plough and eat: the impact of Gandhian intervention in a Bihar village between 1954 and 1974    Ivan Charles NUTBROWN
1986    PhD    Londonb, SOAS    A history of the London Missionary Scoiety in the Straits Settlements, 1815-1847    Ronnie Leona O’SULLIVAN    Prof K Ballhatchet
1986    PhD    Aston    Investigation of relationship betrween product design and production departments in manufacturing companies (India)    K PAWAR
1986    PhD    Manchester    Landed property and dynamic of instability: Bengal: the property-power nexus: state formation under colonialism and its contemporary siginificance    H Z RAHMAN
1986    PhD    Cranfield    Appropriateness of incentives for small scale enterprise location in less developed areas: the experience of the UK, Japan and India    K RAMACHANDRAN
1986    DPhil    London, St Antony’s    Exchange rate and commercial policy in a controlled trade regime: a case study of India    Narhari RAO
1986    PhD    City    The social and economic conditions of export orientated industrialisation as a strategy of development [Sri Lanka]    K RUPESINGHE
1986    PhD    City    British press coverage and the role of the Pakistan press from independence to the emergence of Bangladesh    M SHAMSUDDIN
1986    PhD    London SOAS    Vallabhbhal Patel: his role and style in Indian politics, 1928-1947    R D SHANKARDASS
1986    PhD    Sheffield    Transport and regional development in Bangladesh: a geographical study    A H M Raihan SHARIF
1986    PhD    London, SOAS    Sri Lanka: an examination of economic and social development associated with recolonisation on an irrigation scheme    Richard Paul SLATER    Dr A Turton
1986    PhD    Leeds    Pakistan’s relations with Britain, 1947-1951: with particular reference to some problems of partition    M SOHAIL
1986    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre    Tenna: peasant, state and nation in the making of a Sinhalese rural community    Jonathan R SPENCER
1986    PhD    Salford    Rural-urban population mobility in Bangladesh: its implications for rural areas with particular reference to two villages    R M TALUKDAR
1986    PhD    London, LSE    Sacrifice and divine power: Hindu temple rituals and village festivals in a fishing village, Sri Lanka    Masakazu TANAKA
1986    DPhil    Oxford, St Peter’s    India: colonialism, nationalism and perception sof develeopment    Kevin WATKINS
1986    PhD    Manchester    Agrarian change in India: a case study of Bundwan District, West Bengal    Neil Anthony WEBSTER
1986    MLitt    Oxford, Wolfson    A critical examination of Aurobindo’s contribution to the tradition of Vedanta    Yvonne WILLIAMS    Prof B K Matilal
1986    PhD    East Anglia    Cyclone vulnerability and housing policy in the Krishna Delta, South India, 1977-83    Peter WINCHESTER    Dr P M Blaikie
1986    MPhil    East Anglia    Urban unemployment in peninsular Malaysia    S R YAHYA    Dr J T Thoburn
1986    PhD    Edinburgh    The realities of life from a Hindu Sindi perspective    John Nicol YOUNG
1986    PhD    London, LSE    Sacrifice and the sacred in a Hindu “t-irtha”: the case of Pushkar, India    Sushila Jane ZEITLYN    Dr J R Parry
1986/87    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    Surplus appropriation and accumulation by rural households in India: a case study based on fieldwork in Uttar Pradesh    Ravi Shankar SRIVASTAVA
1987    PhD    London Royal Holloway    All India Muslim League, 1906-1919    M S AHMAD
1987    PhD    Sheffield    Formulation of design criteria for industrial architecture in Bangladesh in light of the developments made in the United Kingdom and other developed countries    N AHMED
1987    MPhil    CNAA Sheffield Poly    The effects of climate on the design and location of windows for buildings in Bangladesh    Z N AHMED
1987    PhD    Nwecastle    Housing for the lower income people of Dhaka,Bangladesh: a peri-urban development approach    S AMEEN
1987    MPhil    City    Personality, leadership and subordinate satisfaction: an empirical study in the civil service of Singapore    C T ANG
1987    PhD    London, RHBNC    The Pirs of Sind and their relationship with the British, 1843-1947    Sarah Frances Deborah ANSARI    Dr F R C Robinson
1987    MPhil    Strathclyde    The development of sugar manufacturing in Pakistan    M AURANGZEB
1987    PhD    Keele    The growth and development of trade unionism in Bangladesh, 1947-1986    M Z BADIUZZAMAN
1987    PhD    Loughborough    A strategy for the integrated development of squatter settlements: a Karachi case study    Q A BAKHTEARI
1987    PhD    Edinburgh    State and indigenous medicine in nineteenth and twentieth-century Bengal, 1800-1947    Poonam BALA
1987    PhD    Cambridge    Sectoral price determination and the inflationary process in the Indian economy, 1950-1980    P BALAKRISHNAN
1987    PhD    East Anglia    Draught animal power in Bangladesh    D BARTON    Dr D P Gibbon
1987    MPhil    Manchester    The role and contribution of the Alilgarh Muslim University in modern Indian Islam, 1877-1947    G N BUDDHANI
1987    PhD    Cambridge, Magdalene    From a pre-colonial order to a princely state: Hyderabad in tranition, c.1748-1865    S CHANDER
1987    PhD    Dundee    Financial development and agricultural development in Pakistan, 1952-1982    Mohammad Jamil CHAUDHARY
1987    PhD    Leicester    Conflict and change among the Khyber Afridis: a study of British policy and tribal society on the North-West Frontier, 1839-1947    R O CHRISTENSEN
1987    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney     State, tribe and region: policy and politics in Indiaa’s Jharkhand, 1900-1980    S E CORBRIDGE    Mr B H Farmer
1987    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Communal riots in Bengal, 1905-1947    Suranjan DAS    Dr T Raychoudhuri
1987    PhD    Cambridge    Money and finance in an underdeveloped economy: some themes from Indian economic history, 1914-1917    T DATTA    Mr M G Kuczynki
1987    PhD    London, SOAS    Images and metaphor: an analysis of Iban collective representations    J DAVISON
1987    PhD    Keele    The United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), 1948-1965, with postscript on the impact of UNMOGIP on the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971    Pauline DAWSON    Prof A M James
1987    PhD    London, SOAS    The changing role of women in Bengal, c.1890-c.1930, with special reference to British and Bengali discourse on gender    Dagmar ENGELS    Prof K Ballhatchet
1987    PhD    London, SOAS    Psychiatry and colonialism: the treatment of European lunatics in British India, 1800-1858    Waltraud ERNST    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1987    PhD    Manchester    The origins of inflation in Pakistan, 1959-1982: an evaluation of alternative hypotheses    Faiz B FIROZE
1987    PhD    Cambridge    The brick trade in India: energy use, tradition and development    S GANDHI
1987    DPhil    Oxford    Money and the real economy: a study of India, 1960-1984    S E GHANI
1987    PhD    Cranfield    Computer simulation of runoff and soil erosion from small agricultural catchments in Sri Lanka    E GUNAWARDENA
1987    PhD    Exeter    Tariqah-i-Muhammadiyah movement and its contribution to creating a separatist political consciousness among the Muslims of India, 1818-1872    Ghulam Muhammad JAFFAR
1987    PhD    Salford    Agricultural marketing and agrarian relations in Pakistan: a case study of the Nawahshak districrt, Sind    M A KAMDAR    Dr C P Simmons
1987    MLitt    Cambridge, Trinity Hall    Communal politics in the United Provinces, 1935-1947    Mukul KESAVAN    Dr C A Bayley
1987    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Poverty and public policy: government intervention and levels of living in Kerala, India    Bhaskar Gopalakrishna KUMAR    Prof A K Sen
1987    DPhil    Oxford, Hertford    The rise and fall of the Indian cotton mill industry, 1900-1985: the Swadeshi movement and its political legacy    Simon Robert Bough LEADBEATER    Mr G P Williams
1987    DPhil    Oxford, Oriel    British architecture in Victorian Bombay    Christopher W LONDON    Dr R A Beddard
1987    PhD    Cambridge    West Bengal government policy, 1977–1985    Ross MALLICK
1987    PhD    London, LSE    Muslims, work and status in Aligargh    Elizabeth Ashley MANN
1987    PhD    London, SOAS    Migration and the international Goan community    Stella V MASCARENHAS-KEYES
1987    MPhil    Edinburgh    Women and the housing process: observations in a Katchi Abadi in Pakistan    F McCLUNEY
1987    PhD    Leicester    The mineralogy and geochemistry of the carbonatites, syenites and fenites of North West Frontier Province, Pakistan    Ihsanullah MIAN
1987    MPhil    Sussex    Linguistic nationalism in Pakistan (with special reference to the role and history of Urdu in the Punjab)    Yameema MITHA    Dr R I Duncan
1987    PhD    Stirling    Food retailing in Malaysia: a study of supermarket use in peninsular Malaysia    K B OTHMAN
1987    DPhil    Oxford    British rule and the Konds of Orissa: a study of tribal administration and its legitimating discourse    Felix J PADEL
1987    PhD    Reading    Extension needs of a plantation industry with special reference to the tea industry in Sri Lnaka    W A PADMASIRI WANIGASUNDARA
1987    PhD    Wales, UWIST    The role of government in the administration and management of major ports in developing countries with special reference to India    Jose PAUL
1987    PhD    London, LSE    Time, work and the gods: temporal strategies and industrislisation in central India    Christopher PINNEY
1987    DPhil    York    The political dynamics of Indo-Soviet relations, 1930-1977    S S RAI
1987    PhD    London, SOAS    Islamization of laws in Pakistan with particular reference to the status of women    Abdur RASHID
1987    PhD    Aberdeen    Availability and retention of zinc, especially in relation to the soils of Bangladesh    H M RASHID
1987    DPhil    York    Indo-Soviet relations during the period 1955-1974    S S ROY
1987    PhD    Liverpool    The role of small towns in rural development: a case study of Bangaldesh    Toufiq Mohammad SERAJ
1987    PhD    Liverpool    An analysis of squatter settlements in Dhaka, Bangladesh    M T SHAKUR
1987    PhD    London, LSE    Communism in Punjab up to 1867    Gurharpal SINGH
1987    PhD    Edinburgh    The implementation of systematic nursing in selected hospsitals in India: a chronicle of the change process    Esther SIRRA
1987    DPhil    Sussex    Sri Lankan traders: a case study of credit relations and coconut marketing in a rural economy    sARAH lLEWELLYN SOUTHWOLD
1987    PhD    Leeds    The life and influence of Shapurji Saklatvala    Michael John SQUIRES
1987    PhD    Leicester    Evolution of the southern part of the Aravalli-Delhi orogen western India    Tim J SUGDEN
1987    MSc    Aberdeen    Supply response analysis of palm oil in Malaysia, 1961-1985    B A TALIB
1987    PhD    Leicester    Communication and development in South India    Pradip Ninan THOMAS
1987    PhD    Southampton    Developing a critical success factor approach to a holistic institutional evaluation for polytechnics in the states of Gujerat and Madhya Pradesh, 1977-1984    V N TRAFFORD
1987    PhD    Cranfield    The social relevance of postgraduate management education: a case study of India    S VYAKARNAM
1988    PhD    London    Breast feeding, weaning and infant growth in rural Chandpur, Bangladesh    S AHMED
1988    PhD    London, External    Islam in contemporary Bangladesh     Umne Asman Begum Razia AKEER BANU    Dr D Taylor
1988    PhD    Bradford    The impact of public policy on the poor in Sri Lnaka, 1970-1982    Pat ALAILIMA    C Dennis; S Curry
1988    PhD    Manchester    Makran and Baluchistan from the early Islamic times to the Mongol invasion    S S M AL-HUMAIDI    Prof Bosworth
1988    PhD    Birmingham    The British iron and steel industry and India, 1919-1939    H J ANDERSEN
1988    PhD    Edinburgh    Some aspects of the political and commercial history of the Muslims of Sri Lanka with special referenmce to the British period    Mahmudu Naina Marikar Kamil ASAD
1988    MPhil    Kent    The image of women in selected Malaysian novels    Rosnah BAHARUDIN
1988    PhD    Wales, UCNW    Ecology, management and conservation of Pinus roxburghii forests in Kumaun Himalaya, India    Bhagat Singh BURFAL
1988    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    The nineteenth-century book trade in Sind    Allah Rakhio BUTT
1988    PhD    London, King’s    Soldiers of Christ: evangelicals and India, 1784-1833    Penelope S E CARSON
1988    DPhil    Oxford, Exeter    Punjab politics, 1909-1923    Amrita CHEEMA    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1988    MSc    Wales    Economic appraisal of irrigated plantations of the Punjab, Pakistan: Changa Manga case study    Faqir Ahmad CHOUDHRY
1988    PhD    Reading    State sponsrship of investment credit to promote rural development in India    J G COPESTAKE
1988    PhD    Leicester    Leucogranites of the North West Himalaya: crust-mantle interaction beneath the Karakoram and the magmatic evolution of collisional belts    Mark B CRAWFORD
1988    MPhil    Brunel    Aspects of the development of manufacturing industries of India    Parviz DABIR-ALAI
1988    MLitt    Oxford, Keble    An ecumneical episcopate: Edwin James Palmer, seventh Bishop of Bombay and the reunion of the churches, with special reference to the church of South India    R W DAVIS
1988    PhD    Cambridge    The irrigation and water supply systems of the city of Vijayanagara    D J DAVISON-JENKINS
1988    PhD    Kent    Law, nation and cosmology in Sri Lanka: deconstructioni and the failure of closure    Rochan DE SILVA    Prof F Fitzpatrick
1988    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Application of social accounting matrix framework to agricultural policy analysis in Pakistan    Shafique DHANANI    Mr G H Peters
1988    DPhil    Sussex    Rural commerce in Sri Lanka: commercialisation and farm credit in the Uva highlands    E DUE
1988    PhD    Nottingham    Environmental upgrading and intra-urban migration in Calcutta    Margaret Sylvia FOSTER    Prof J C Moughton; Dr T Oc
1988    PhD    Southampton    Catholic education in Sri Lanka during its first century as a British colony, 1796-1901    J B GNANAPRAGASAM
1988    PhD    East Anglia    Inter- and intra-household analysis in North Bihar village: implications for agricultural research    Ruth GROSVENOR-ALSOP    Dr S D Biggs
1988    PhD    Cambridge    Conservation and colonial expansion: a study of the evolution of environmental attitudes and conservation policies on St Helena, Mauritius and in India, 1660-1860    R H GROVE
1988    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Art, artists and aesthetics in Bengal, c.1850-1920: westernising trends and nationalist concerns in the making of new “Indian” art    Tapati GUHA-THAKURTA    Dr T. Raychaudhuri
1988    MSc    Manchester    Science and technology policy in developing countries of South Asia and South East Asia    K R GUPTA
1988    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    The sitar music of Calcutta: a study of two gharanas    J S HAMILTON
1988    PhD    London, UC    Inbreeding and fertility in a South Indian village population    Katherine Louise  HANN    Dr J Landers
1988    PhD    London, Inst Ed    Education and political instability in Pakistan, 1937-1971    M HAQUE
1988    PhD    Strathclyde    Tubewell irrigation and green revolution: impact on productivity and income distribution    A IKRAMULLAH
1988    MPhil    Edinburgh    Marketing problems of farmers in Punjab, Pakistan: a case study    Qamar-ul ISLAM
1988    PhD    Edinburgh    The reawakening of Islamic consciousness in Malaysia, 1970-1987    Fadzillah bin Mohd JAMIL
1988    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    Clientelism, corruption and capitalist development: an analysis of state intervention with special reference to Bangladesh    Mushtaq Husain KHAN
1988    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    External developments and policy choices facing the non-oil developing countries in the post 1973 period    Faizullah KHILJI    Mrs F J Stewart
1988    DPhil    Sussex    Political and economic organisation in a Sri Lanka market town    Colin KIRK
1988    PhD    Leicester    Media education, communications and public policy: an Indian perspective    K J KUMAR
1988    PhD    Leeds    R K Narayan and V S Naipaul: a comparative study of some Hindu aspects of their work    P LANGRAN
1988    DPhil    Oxford    Orientalism, utilitarianism and British India: James Mill’s “The history of British India” and the romantic orient    Javed MAJEED    Dr N G Shrimpton
1988    MPhil    Edinburgh    Policy issues for conservation: the case of Lahore walled city    M I MIAN
1988    PhD    Sheffield    Development of small and medium sized towns in Bangladesh: a regional planning approach    Mohammed A MOHIT
1988    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The question of nuclear weapons proliferation in the Indian sub-continent    Ziba MOSHAVER    Mr E A Roberts
1988    PhD    London, UC    The theoretical modelling and empirical measurement of the shadow economy with application to India    U MUKHERJEE
1988    MPhil    Reading    Farming systems and information needs of tea smallholders in Sri Lanka    D K NAWARATNA
1988    PhD    London, SOAS    A social history of a colonial steroetype: the “criminal tribes and castes” of Uttar Pradesh    S B L NIGAM
1988    PhD    London, LSE    Policy making in the Indian offshore oil industry with reference to the period 1974-1986    M L NORONHA    Prof D C Watt
1988    PhD    London, LSE    The Asiatic mode of production, historical materialism and Indian historiography    Denis Brendan O’LEARY
1988    PhD    Leicester    Terraces, uplift and climate, Karakoram Mountains, Northern Pakistan    Lewis Andrew OWEN
1988    MPhil    London, LSE    The tea plantation labour movement in the “Dooars” region of north Bengal, 1900-1951    Nayantara PALCHOUDHURI
1988    PhD    Oxford, St Antony’s    Decline of the Bengal zamindars: Mindapore, 1870-1920    C PANDA    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1988    PhD    London, King’s    Between Mars and Mammon: the military and the political economy of British India at the time of the first Burma war, 1824-1826    Douglas M PEERS
1988    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    British intelligence and Indian subversion: the surveillance of Indian revolutionaries in India and abroad    R J POPPLEWELL
1988    PhD    London, SOAS    Socio-economic change in Bihar (India) in the later 19th and early 20th century    Bihdeshwar RAM    Dr P Robb
1988    PhD    Kent    Figuring Naipaul: the subject of the post-colonial world    Dulluri Venkat RAO
1988    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    Aspects of the ethnoarchaeology of Adilabad (Andhra-Pradesh), India    Nandini Rameshwar RAO

1988    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    The determinants of India’s manufactured export performance: industry-level and firm-level evidence    Amit Shovon RAY
1988    DPhil    Sussex    Religion, class and function: the politics of communalism in twentieth century Punjab    Mark ROBINSON    Dr R I Duncan
1988    PhD    London, SOAS    The evolution of the printed Bengali character from 1778 -1978    Fiona Georgina Elizabeth ROSS
1988    PhD    Keele    Marginality, identity and the politicisation of the Bhangi community, Delhi    Rama SHARMA
1988    PhD    Kent    Class, kinship and ritual: Islam and the politics of change in Pakistan    S R SHERANI
1988    PhD    De Montfort    Temple architecture of the Marathas in Maharashtra    A SOHONI
1988    PhD    London, SOAS    Nalanda Mahayihara, 1812-1939: some aspects of the study of its art and archaeology    M L STEWART
1988    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    White-collar crime: a study of the nature, extent and control of income tax evasion in Pakistan    Muhammad Shoaib SUDDLE
1988    PhD    CNAA, Westminster     A critical and comparative study of the practice and theology of Christian social witness in Indonesia and India between 1974 and 1983 with special reference to the work of Wayan Mastra in the Protestant Christian Church of Bali and of Vinay Samual in the Church of South India    C M N SUGDEN
1988    PhD    Leeds    Some aspects of Muslim politics in the Pubab, 1921-1947    Qalb-i-Abid SYED    Prof D N Dilks
1988    PhD    Wales, UCNW    Utility-based social shadow pricing and its comparison with other evaluation techniques: a cost-benefit study of fuelwood plantations in Bihar, India    Satyendra Nath TRIVEDI
1988    PhD    Glasgow    Characteristics of public enterprise management in Bangladesh    Syed J UDDIN    Dr D Buchanan
1988    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity Hall    The economic and political context of Indian independence    R P WANCHOO    Dr C A Dayly
1988    PhD    Bath    In the teeth of the crocodile: class and gender in rural Bangladesh    Sarah C WHITE
1988    PhD    Nottingham    Presenting the Raj: the politics of representation in recent fiction on the British empire    R J F WILLIAMS
1988    PhD    East Anglia    Sources of growth and its beneficiaries in Pakistan’s large-scale manufacturing sector, 1955-1981    S WIZARAT
1988/89    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Household energy in rural Pakistan: a technical, environmental and socio-economic assessment    A N QAZI
1988/89    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    Administration, classification and knowledge:land revenue settlements in the Panjab at the start of British rule    R W SAUMAREZ-SMITH
1989    PhD    Cambridge    Sedimentology and structure of the Southern Kohat, Trans Indus Ranged, Pakistan    Iftikhar AHMED
1989    PhD    York    Pakistan since independence: the political role of the Ulama    Safir AKHTAR    Dr T V Sathyamurthy
1989    PhD    Strathclyde    Growth of tubewell irrigation and agricultural development in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan    M AKRAM
1989    PhD    London, Wye    A quantitative analysis of marketable surplus of paddy and food policy in Bangladesh    S AKTER
1989    MA    Leeds    Communication influences on the political socialisation of Bangladeshi adolescents    A M ALI    Prof J G Blumer; Dr T J Nossiter
1989    MPhil    London, LSE    The India League and the Indian reconciliation group as factors in Indo-British relations, 1930-1949    Keshava Chand ARORA    Prof I H Nish
1989    PhD    London, King’s    Pakistan crisis 1971: its political and strategic causes    F J AZIZ
1989    PhD    London, SOAS    Indian monetary policy and the international liquidity crisis during rthe inter-war years (1919-1939)    Gopalan BALACHANDRAN
1989    PhD    London, LSE    Communism in Tripura up to 1965    Harihar BHATTACHARYYA    Dr T J Nossiter
1989    DPhil    Oxford    The evolution of classical Indian dance literature: a study of the Sanskritic tradition    M BOSE
1989    PhD    Kent    An ethnographic account of the religious practice in a Tibetan Buddhist refugee monastery in Northern India    Catherine Mary CANTWELL    Dr J Endes
1989    MPhil    Reading    Cropping systems research in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan    E W CHARLES
1989    PhD    Glasgow    The inter-war depression in British India: aspects of its economic and social impact, 1929-36    P S COLLINS
1989    DPhil    Sussex    Paliamentary representation in Sri Lanka, 1931-1986    R COOMARASWAMY    Prof Lloyd
1989    PhD    London, LSE    Ideology and urban planning: the case of Hong Kong    A R CUTHBERT    Dr D R Diamond
1989    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney     Unfulfilled promises, popular protest, the Congress and the national movement in Bihar    V DAMODARAN
1989    PhD    London, LSE    Embodying spirits: village oracles and possession rituals in Ladakh, North India    Sophia Elizabeth DAY    Dr J P Parry
1989    PhD    London, SOAS    Discourses of ethnicity: the adivasis of Jharkhand    S B C DEVALLE
1989    MPhil    Wales, Cardiff    Rice leaffolders: natural enemies and management ractices in Sri Lanka    Malgaha Gamage DHANAPALA
1989    PhD    London, SOAS    The growth of Buddhist monastic institutions in Sri Lanka as depicted in the Brahmi inscriptions    K D M DIAS
1989    PhD    Cambridge    The socio-economic impact of a minor flood control project in rural Bangladesh    B J DODSON
1989    PhD    Bath    Water to the swamp ? Irrigation and patterns of accumulation and agrarian change in Bangladesh    M GLASER
1989    MPhil    Cranfield    Vocational training and self employment in developing countries: aspects of the design and approach of sucessful programmes    John Patrick GRIERSON    Prof M H Harper
1989    MPhil    CNAA, Poly NLondon    British women and the British empire in India, 1915-1947    Florence HAMILTON    Mr E Wilson; Dr D Judd
1989    MPhil    London, LSE    The problem of federalism and regional autonomy in Pakistan    Fayyaz Ahmad HUSSAIN    P Dawson
1989    PhD    Bradford    The monetary transmission mechanism in Sri Lanka, 1977-1985    Ranee JAYAMAHA    P Wilson; J Weiss
1989    DPhil    Sussex    The impact of international labour migration on the rural “Barani” areas of Northern Pakistan    A F KHAN
1989    PhD    Sheffield    The implementation of rural poor programmes in Bangladesh    T A KHAN
1989    PhD    Manchester    Perception and response to floods in Bangladesh    M S KHONDAKER
1989    PhD    Wales, Bangor,    Cost benefit analysis and sustained yield forestry in India    Periyapattanam Jayapal Dilip KUMAR
1989    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    Medical knowledge in rural Rajasthan: popular constructions of illness and therapeutic practice    Helen Susanna LAMBERT    Dr N J Allen
1989    MPhil    London    The expansion of the Indian Army during the Great War    I D LEASK    Prof M E Yapp
1989        Bath    Technologies and transactions: a study of the interaction between new technology and agrarian structure in Bangladesh    D J LEWIS
1989    PhD    Edinburgh    One or two sons: class, gender and fertility in north India    Andrew LYON
1989    DPhil    Sussex    Capital accumulation in agriculture in the Punjab (Pakistan)    Moazam MAHMOOD    Prof M Lipton
1989    DPhil    Oxford    The performance of selected public sector industries in Bangladesh, 1972-1985    Syed A MAHMOOD
1989    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity Hall    Missionary of the Indian Road: a study of the thought and work of E Stanley Jones between 1915 and 1948 in the light of certain issues raised by M K Gandhi for Anglo-Saxon Protestant missionaries during the period    P A J MARTIN    Dr J J Lipner
1989    PhD    Glasgow    Exchange rate regimes of less developed countries: the cxase of India    M J MELAZHAKAM
1989    PhD    London, UC    Appropriate evaluation techniques for urban planning in Sri Lanka    N S P MNEDIS
1989    PhD    Cambridge, Magdalene    The Harappan civilisation: a study in variation and regionalisssssssation in Haryana, India    V MOHAN    Dr F R Allchin
1989    PhD    Lancaster    Three Hindu philosophers: comparative philosophy and philosophy in modern India    Paul Martin MORRIS    Prof N Smart; Dr D Smith
1989    PhD    Manchester    The role of financial information in collective bargaining in a developing country: the case of Bangladesh    A J M H MURSHED
1989    PhD    East Anglia    Agrarian structure and rural poverty in Western India    Thomas PALAKUDIYIL    Dr J C Harriss
1989    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    The role of accounting in the economic development of Bangladesh    Michael John PARRY
1989    PhD    London, LSE    Household organisation and marriage in Ladakh Indian Himalaya    Maria Christina PHYLACTOU    Dr C J Fuller
1989    PhD    London, LSE    Social representations of birth control and family welfare: an Indian study    Ragini PRAKASH    Prof R Farr
1989    PhD    London, LSHTM    Household food insecurity and its implications on health, nutrition and work – a study of a dry land farming community in Sri Lanka    M K RATNAYAKE
1989    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Colonial policy, ethnic politics and the minorities in Ceylon    Nira Konjit SAMARASINGHE    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1989    PhD    Cambridge    Administration, classification and knowledge: land revenue settlements in the Panjab at the start of British rule    R S SMITH
1989    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    Inequality and economic mobility: an analysis of panel data from a south Indian village    Madhura SWAMINATHAN    Dr S Anand
1989    DPhil    Oxford    Art, artists and aesthetics in Bengal, c. 1850-1920: westernising trends and nationalist concerns in the making of a new “Indian” art    Tapati G THAKURTA
1989    PhD    Middlesex Polytechnic    The impact of flood control on agricultural development in India: a case study in north Bihar    P M THOMPSON    Prof E Penning-Rowsell
1989    MPhil    East Anglia    The state and the determinants of the fiscal process in India: an application of James O’Connor’s Theory of the Fiscal Crisis of the State    Sarah VARKKI
1989    PhD    Aberdeen    Some aspects of the chemistry and mineralogy of soil potassium in Sri Lanka acid tea soils and Scottish soils under a range of crops    G WIMALADASA
1989    PhD    Strathclyde    Marketing implications of intermediate technology in the textile industry in Pakistan    M ZAFARULLAH
1989    PhD    Edinburgh    Strategic planning: an exploratory study of its practice by agro-based public enterprises in Malaysia    M ZAINAL ABIDIN
1990    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    The politics of pollution control: the Ganges at Varanasi    Sara AHMED    Prof T O’Riordan
1990    PhD    London, LSE    The budgetary process in uncertain contexts: a study of public sector corporations in Bangladesh    Mansurai ALAM
1990    PhD    Aberdeen    Petroleum geochemistry of the tertiary sediments and oil samples from the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh    M ALAM
1990    PhD    Glasgow    Size and management characteristics in the public sector: a case of Pakistan International Airlines    A H M H H AL-ESHAIKER
1990    PhD    CNAA Birmingham Poly    The low-income housing production process in Lakore, Pakistan    M I A ALVI
1990    PhD    Aberdeen    Theological education in relation to the identificaton of the task of mission and the development of ministries in India: 1947 to 1987 with special reference to the Church of South India    Siga ARLES
1990    MPhil    London, QMW    A study of some influences on the development of Ruth Jhabvala’s Indian fiction    Jayanti BAILUR
1990    PhD    London, LSE    Pakistan and the birth of the regional pacts in Asia, 1947-1955    Farooq Naseem BAJWA    Prof I H Nish
1990    PhD    Cam,bridge, King’s    Procedural rationality in public expenditure decision making with specific reference to India    A BASU
1990    PhD    Cambridge    Inter-urban and rural-urban linkages in terms of migration and remittances    J R CHAUDHURI
1990    MPhil    Bradford    Kashmir and the partition of India: the politicians and the personalities involved in the partition of India, particularly in relation to the position of Kashmir at the moment of independence on 15th August, 1947    S CHOUDHRY    Dr M J LeLohe
1990    PhD    Aberdeen    An Indian perspective on the church in the context of poverty and religious pluralism, with special reference to the works of M M Thomas    Ashish J CHRISPAL    Prof. Terrance
1990    PhD    London, LSE    Petty-trading in Calcutta: a socio-political analysis of a third world city    Nandini DASGUPTA
1990    PhD    London, King’s    Rural Bengal: social structure and agrarian economy in the late eighteenth century    Rajat DATTA    Prof P Marshall
1990    PhD    London, SOAS    Development of Sinhala drama: a socio-cultural analysis (from Nadagama to modern theatre, up to 1922)    T R G DELA BANDARA
1990    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    Indian death rituals: the enactment of ambivalence    Gillian A  EVISON    Prof R F Gombrich
1990    PhD    Bradford    Financial reforms in Sri Lanka, 1977-1987    D J G FERNANDO
1990    PhD    London, SOAS    Discussions of polygamy and divorce by Muslim modernists in South Asia, with special reference to their treatment in Qur’an and Sunna    Rehana FIRDOUS
1990    PhD    Kent    The six-nation initiative    C FRANGONIKOLOPOULOS    Prof A J R Groom
1990    PhD    Sheffield    Man mosquito interaction: the social context of Malaria transmisson in Sri Lanka    Jayaratne Pinnikamaha GAMAGE    Ms J M M Hoogvelt; Dr R A Dixon
1990    PhD    London, LSE    Paddy fields and jumbo jets: overseas migration and village life in Sylhet district, |Bangladesh    Katherine Jane GARDNER
1990    PhD    York    The politics of British aid policy formation: the case of Bangladesh, 1972-1986    M GUHATHAKURTA
1990    DPhil    Oxford    Exports and exchange rate policy: the case of India    B D GUPTA
1990    PhD    London, SOAS    The short story in Pakistan Panjab, 1947-1980    Salim Ullah HAIDRANI
1990    PhD    London, External    The phenomenonology of religious change in Bangladesh in relation to the theology and practice of conversion    Ian McLaurin HAWLEY
1990    PhD    London, UC    The single dominant party system and political development: case studies of India and Japan    Takako HIROSE
1990    MPhil    London, External    The economy and development of education in Bangladesh with particular reference to cost and some aspects of efficiency and effectiveness of higher education for the period 1972-1985    Mohammad Tazammul HUSSAIN
1990    PhD    London    Variations in mountain front geometry across the Potwar Plateau and Hazara/Kalachitta Hill ranges, North Pakistan    C N IZATT
1990    PhD    Open    Charnockite formation in Southern India    D H JACKSON
1990    PhD    Leeds    The effects of agrarian development on class formation and production relations in Pakistan    Muhammad Siddique JAVED    Mr J V Hillard
1990    MPhil    Manchester Poly    Ethnic identity and contemporary female costumes of Sri Lanka    V R JAYASURIYA
1990    PhD    London, UC    Transfer of private external capital to LDCs with special reference to India in comparison to Brazil    Veena JHA
1990    PhD    Salford    The impact of decentralisation on development, with special reference to the experience of Bangladesh since 1982    A K M A KALAM    Prof M B Gleave; Dr B Ingham
1990    PhD    Exeter    Some statistical aspects of child health and growth modelling in Pakistan    S KAMAL
1990    MSc    Wales, Cardiff    Analysis of the provision of sites and services schemes as a solution to low income housing in Colombo, Sri Lanka    Somas Kandarajah KANDIAH
1990    PhD    London, LSE    Gender, caste and class in rural South India    Karin KAPADIA
1990    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    The consequence of economic liberalisation in Sri Lanka    Saman B KELEGAMA    Dr S Anand
1990    PhD    London, SOAS    Revenue, agriculture and warfare in North India: technical knowledge and the post-Mughal elites from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century    Iqbal Ghani KHAN
1990    PhD    Kent    Bengali elites’ perceptions of Pakistan – the road to disillusionment: uneven development or ethnicity    Alqama KHAWAJA    Prof A J R Groom
1990    PhD    Bath    Impact of irrigation upon the rural political economy in Bangladesh    David LEWIS    Dr G D Wood
1990    DPhil    Oxford, Magdalen    United States-Indian relations, 1961-1989: the pursuit and limits of accommodation    Satu P LIMAYE    Dr G Rizvi
1990    PhD    London, UC    Hydrogeology of part of South-Eastern Bangladesh    S M MAHABUB-UL-ALAM
1990    PhD    Lancaster    The atavara myth in the in the Harivamsa, the Visnupurana and the Bhagavatapurana    Freda MATCHETT    Prof N Smart; Dr D Smith
1990    PhD    Open    East India patronage and the political management of Scotland, 1720-1774    G K McGILVARY    Dr A L R Calder; Mr J Riddy
1990    PhD    London, UC    Epidemiology of coronary heart disease in Asians in Britain    Paul Matthew McKEIGUE
1990    PhD    Hull    The fiction of Ruth Prawer Jhabvala: irony within a dual philosophical framework    F F MERICAN
1990    PhD    Leicester    A thermotectonic evolution for the main central thrust and higher Himalaya, Western Garhwal, India    Richard Paul METCALFE
1990    PhD    Leeds    A history of Nandyal Diocese in Andhra Pradesh, 1947-1990    Constance Mary MILLINGTON    Prof A Hastings
1990    PhD    Newcastle    Becoming bilingual: a sociolinguistic study of the communication of young mother tongue Panjabi-speaking children    S MOFFAT
1990    PhD    Wales, BBangor    Ecology and silviculture of Malamus manan in peninsular Malaysia    A B MOHAMAD
1990    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The politics of Oriya nationalism, 1903-1936    Bishnu Narayan MOHAPATRA    Dr G Rizvi
1990    PhD    London, UC    Rural development and the problem of access: the case of the integrated rural development programme in Bangladesh    Salim MOMTAZ    Prof R J C Munton
1990    PhD    CNAA, Oxford Poly    Geology and geochemistry of the Closepet granite, Karnataka, South India    K A OAK
1990    PhD    London, SOAS    Indian Muslims and the Ottomans (1877-1914): a study of Indo Muslim attitudes to Pan-Islamism and Turkey    Azmi OZCAN
1990    PhD    London, Inst Ed    The cooperative movement in the Jaffa district of Sri Lanka from 1911 to 1970    Kanthappoo PARAMOTHAYAN
1990    PhD    Sheffield    Man-mosquito interaction: the social context of malaria transmission in Sri Lanka    J PINIKAHANAN GAMAGE
1990    PhD    London, SOAS    The mercantile community of Penang and the changing pattern of trade, 1890-1941    Chuleeporn PONGONGSUPATH    Dr I Brown
1990    PhD    Salford    Gandhi and deep ecology: experiencing the nonhuman environment    S A POWER
1990    PhD    London, External    Socio-economic and environmental aspects of under nutrition and ill health in an urban slum in Bangladesh    Jane Allison PRYER
1990    PhD    London, External    Impact of zinc supplementation on Bangladeshi children suffering from acute and persistent diarrhoea    Swapan Kumar ROY
1990    PhD    London, Wye    Persistent poverty among rice farmers in the major irrigated colonization scheme of Sri Lanka    Madar SAMAD    I Carruthers
1990    PhD    London, Wye    Persistent poverty among rice farmers in the major irrigated colonization schemes of Sri Lanka    Madar SAMAD
1990    PhD    St Andrews    Political violence in the Third World: a case study of Sri Lanka, 1971-1987    Gemini SAMARANAYAKE    Prof P Wilkinson
1990    PhD    London, QMW    The use of Hindu mythology in some novels of R K Narayan and Raja Rao    Chitra SANKARAN
1990    PhD    Liverpool    State intervention in rural development: a case study of Bangladesh    A E SARKER
1990    PhD    London, SOAS    The emergence of a Muslim “middle class” in Bengal: attitudes and rhetoric of communalism, 1880-194    Mohammad SHAH    Dr P G Robb
1990    PhD    Edinburgh    Socioeconomic planning in social forestry with particular reference to Orissa State, India    Ran Avtar SHARMA
1990    PhD    Cambridge    A “despotism of law”: a British criminal justice and public authority in north India, 1772-1837    Radhika SINGHA    Dr C A Bayley
1990    PhD    Wales, Swansea    Indian merchant communities in 19th century western India    Sheila M SMITH    Dr R K Newman
1990    PhD    London, LSHTM    The estimation of fertility from incomplete birth registration records, with application to India    Govind Singh SOMAWAT    B Brass
1990    PhD    Cranfield    The role of industrial extension for  the local production of agricultural machinery in developing countries with particular reference to Sri Lanka    K-H STEINMANN    I Crawford; F Inns
1990    PhD     North London Poly    The Viceroyalty of Lord Reading, 1921-1926, with particular reference to Indian political constitutional problems and progress    Christine TURNBULL    Dr D Judd
1990    PhD    Cambridge    Constructing difference: social categories and Girahya women: social kinship and resources in south Rajasthan    Maya UNNITHAN    Dr C Humphrey
1990    MPhil    Essex    An analysis of the effects of salinity on the growth of Sri Lankan rice cultivars    S C WANIGASURIYA
1990    PhD    London, Imperial    The structure and metamorphism of the northern margin of Indian Plate, North Pakistan    Mathew Philipps WILLIAMS
1991    MPhil    Trinity College, Bristol    Identity, Islam and Christianity in rural Bangladesh    D W ABECASSSIS
1991    MPhil    London, LSHTM    Fertility trends in Pakistan: a birth order analysis    Mohamed AFZAL    J Blacker
1991    PhD    Sheffield    Intraurban residential mobility in the city of Karachi    N AHMAD
1991    PhD    Wales, Swansea    Decentralisation and the local state under peripheral capitalism: a study in the political economy of local government in Pakistan    Tofail AHMAD
1991    PhD    Newcastle upon Tyne    The effects of price and non-price factors on the production of major crops in Bangladesh    S ALAM
1991    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    North Indian military culture in transition, 1770-1830    S ALAVE    Dr C A Bayly
1991    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Inheriting then earth: Pakistan People’s Party: popular mobilisation and political conflict in Pakistan, 1967-1971    R F ALI    Mr P G Hawthorn
1991    PhD    London, LSHTM    Anti-microbial chemotherapy of leprosy: a quantitiave theoretical basis for trial regimens with particular reference to India    J E ALMEIDA
1991    PhD    London, King’s    The international arms trade: case studies of India and Pakistan, 1947-86    I ANTHONY
1991    PhD    Manchester    The role of the housing market in the development of Jaffna City and its fringe    Krishnapillai ARUMUHAM    Prof B Robson
1991    PhD    London, SOAS    Agricultural production in six selected Qasbas in eastern Rajasthan (c. 1700-1780)    Madhavi BAJAKAL
1991    PhD    LondonSOAS    Agricultural production in six selected qasbas of eastern Rajastan (c.1700-1780)    Madhavi BAJEKAL    Prof K N Chaudhuri
1991    PhD    Salford    Some environmental implications of agricultural and agro-industrial developments in rural India    S K BARAT
1991    PhD    Newcastle upon Tyne    Swami Vivekananda’s practical vedanta    Vivienne BAUMFIELD    Dr D H Killingley
1991    PhD    Wales, Swansea    The significqance of “Ostindien” in the evolution of German colonial thought, 1840-1885    Theodore Robert Maria BOSKE    Prof M E Chamberlain
1991    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Communal politics and the partition of Bengal, 1932-1947    Joya CHATTERJI    Dr A Seal
1991    PhD    Cambridge    A study of subsistance and settlement patterns during the late prehistory of northcentral India    U C CHATTOPADHYAYA
1991    PhD    London, King’s    Indian nuclear strategy    Mohammad Zafar Iqbal CHEEMA    Prof L D Freedman
1991    MPhil    Bradford    Kashmir and the partition of India    S CHOUDRY
1991    PhD    London, UC    The social implications of thalassaemia major among Muslims of Pakistani origin: family experience and service delivery    Aamra Rashid DARR
1991    MPhil    CNAA, Architectural Assoc    The roots of power and root power: an enquiry into negotiations for the consolidation of illegal settlements in New Delhi, India    S DASAPPA
1991    PhD    London, SOAS    Strategy and structure: a case study in imperial policy and tribal society in British Baluchistan    Simanti DUTTA
1991    PhD    Loughborough    The Revd A G Fraser: his ecclesiastical, educational and political activity in Ceylon, 1904-1924    Brian EATHARD    Dr Avril Powell
1991    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    The political culture of the urban poor: the United Provinces between the two World Wars    N GOOPTU    Dr R S Chandavarkar
1991    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Azariah and Indian Christianity in the late years of the Raj    S Bharper HARPER, s b
1991    DPhil    Oxford, Green College    Public health and medical research in India, c. 1860-1914    Mark HARRISON    Miss M H Pelling; Dr P J Weindling
1991    PhD    London, King’s College    Rhizolith occurrence and formation within the quartnary coastal deposits of Tamil Nadu State, South East India    Derek Albert HENDRY    Dr R Garner
1991    PhD    London, Wye    Economic analysis of production opportunities, constraints and improvement policies in coconut-based farming systems in Sri Lanka    Mudiyanselage Anura Lokubandara HERATH
1991    MPhil    Wales    Performance, problems and potential of irrigated land settlements in Sri Lanka: an analysis of past policies    Thosapala HEWAGE
1991    PhD    Cambridge    Tax reform, public pricing and trade protection in Bangladesh    S M HOSSAIN
1991    PhD    London, SOAS    The production and use of ritual terracottas in India    Stephen Porter HUYLER
1991    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Defence production in a third world country: the case of the Indian aircraft industry 1940-1980    Shireen Karim Alimohamed JANMOHAMED    Prof E A Roberts
1991    PhD    London, LSE    Rice, work and community among the Kelabit of Sarawak, East Malaysia    Monica Rachel Hughes JANOWSKI
1991    PhD    Stirling    Fishery, population dynamics and breeding biology of Panulirus homarus (L.)on the south coast of Sri Lanka    D S JAYAKODY
1991    PhD    Stirling    The utilisation of acid sulphate on soils for shrimp (Oenaeus monodon)culture on the west coast of Sri Lanka    J JAYASINGHE
1991    PhD    Durham    Perception of, and adjustment to. drought hazard by farmers in southern Sri Lanka    N L A KARUNARATNE
1991    DPhil    Oxford, Trinity    Competing through technology and manufacturing: a study of the Indian commerical vehicles industry    Sanjay KATHURIA    Dr J L Enos
1991    PhD    Leicester    Primary geochemistry and secondary dispersion from gold prospects in the Karkoram and Hindu Kush, northern Pakistan    Abdul KHALIQ
1991    PhD    London, RHBNC    The contribution of the All India Muslim Educational Conference to the educational and cultural development of Indian Muslims, 1886-1947    Abdul Rashid KHAN    Dr F C Robinson
1991    PhD    Sheffield    Low income settlement in city fringes: a case study of eastern fringe Dhaka    R A KHAN    Dr C Choguill
1991    PhD    Edinburgh    Women’s work and rural transformation in India: a study from Gujerat    Uma KOTHARI
1991    DPhil    Sussex    The role of women in household survival strategies: a case study from an urban low-income settlement in Colombo, Sri Lanka    Chandrika KOTTEGODA    Dr K Young
1991    PhD    Warwick    Critical reflections on law and public enterprises in Bangladesh    A K MASUDAL HAQUE
1991    PhD    Sheffield    Urban services in the national cities of India: organisation, financing, planning and delivery    B MATHUR
1991    DPhil    Oxford    The ecological interaction between habitat composition, habitat quality and abundance of some wild ungulates in India    V B MATHUR
1991    PhD    Bath    Poverty and patronage: a study of credit, development and change in rural Bangladesh    James Allister McGREGOR    Dr D G Wood
1991    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Caste, nationalism and communism in Malabar, 1900-1948    D M MENON    Dr R S Chandravarkar
1991    PhD    Southampton    Municipal finance and local self government: the Indian experience    Rajalakshmi MISHRA    Dr D M Hill
1991    PhD    Durham    Industrial water pollution in a surface water system in Colombo, Sri Lanka    S K MOHAMMED-ALI    Prof I G Simmons
1991    PhD    Warwick    The migration and racialisation of doctors fromthe Indian subcontinent    P J MOSS
1991    PhD    London, LSE    India and the Middle East: constancy of policy in the context of changing perspectives, 1947-1986    Prithvi Ram MUDIAM    Dr G Sen
1991    PhD    Surrey    The impact of industrialisation and urbanisation on Patidar women in the Khada District of Gujerat    P R NATTRESS
1991    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    People and trees: gender relations and participation in social forestry in West Bengal, India    C A NESMITH    Dr T P Bayliss-Smith
1991    PhD    Nottingham    Urban lower-middle class and middle income housing: an investigation into affordability and options, Dhaka, Bangladesh    Mohammed Mahbubur RAHMAN    Prof J C Moughton; Mr S Jalloh
1991    PhD    Exeter    Location-allocation modelling for primary health provision in Bangladesh    S-U RAHMAN
1991    MSc    Kent    On the systematics and ecology of some freshwater turtles of Bangladesh    S M A RASHID
1991    PhD    London, SOAS    Structure and performance: a case study of Pakistan’s large scale manufacturing sector (1950-1987)    Shahnaz RAUF
1991    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    Inter-urban and rural-urban linkages in terms of migration and remittances: case study – Durgapur (West Bengal)    J RAY CHAUDHURI    Prof G P Chapman
1991    PhD    London, King’s    A comparison of the diet and health of pre-menopausal Indian and Caucasian vegetarian women    Sheela REDDY
1991        Cranfield, Silsoe    A case study on training and development of cooperative managers in implementing “Irrigation management programme” of Bangladesh Rural Development Board in Hossainpur Upazila, Bangladesh    M A SADEQUE
1991    PhD    Warwick    Towards a definition of Indian literary feminism: an analysis of the novels of K Markandaya, N Sahgal and A Desai    Minola K SALGADO    Ms P Dunbar
1991    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    South Asian Muslim politics, 1937-1958    Ahmad Y SAMAD    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1991    PhD    London, SOAS    Poverty, growth and stagnation in north Indian agriculture: a comparative study in the political economy of poverty generation in western and eastern Uttar Pradash in the early 1970s    Jean Diana SARGENT
1991    PhD    CNAA, Leicester Poly    Speech in Sri Lankan cleft palate subjects with delayed palatoplasty    D A SELL
1991    DPhil    Oxford, Wadham    The biology of vitex (verbenaceae)in Sri Lanka    Balangeda M P SINGHAKUMARA    Dr C Huxley-Lambrick
1991    PhD    London, King’s    Nabob, historian and orientalist: the life and writing of Robert Orme (1728-1801)    Asora SW TAMMITA-DELGODA    Prof P J Marshall
1991    PhD    London, LSE    Donors, development and dependence: some lessons from Bangladesh, 1971-1986    Peter Graeme Rugge THOMSON    Prof M Desai
1991    PhD    East Anglia    Errant males and the divided woman: melodrana and sexual difference in the Hindi social film of the 1950s    Ravi VASUDEVAN
1991    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    The uplift history of the Western Ghats in India    Mike WIDDOWSON    Dr K G Cox; Prof A S Goudie
1991    PhD    Salford    The causes and processes of rural-urban migration in 19th and early 20th century India: the case of Ratnagiri district    G M YAMIN
1992    PhD    East Anglia    Models of household behaviour in subsistence agriculture: a case study of NWFP in Pakistan    Farman ALI    Prof A Parikh
1992    PhD    London, King’s    Nation-building and the nature of conflict in South Asia: a search for patterns in the use of force as a political instrument within and between the states of the region    Syed Mahmud ALI
1992    PhD    Aberdeen    Aspects of Islamic revival and consciousness in Bangladesh, 1905 AC and 1975 AC    A N M AMIN
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Colonialism and the transformation of matriliny in Malabar, 1850-1940    G ARUNIMA    Dr R S Chandavarkar
1992    LLD    Edinburgh    Dravidian studies    Ronald ASHER
1992    PhD    Kent    The political implications of migration: a study of the British Sikh community    S BALI    Mr K Webb
1992    PhD    Manchester    A study of aspects of Indian theatre and its role: consideration and strategies for developing theatre in education in India    S N BARHANPURKAR    Dr Jackson
1992    PhD    London^hUC    The temples of the interface: a study of the relation between Buddhism and Hinduism at the Munnervaram temples, Sri Lanka    Rohan Neil BASTIN
1992    PhD    London, SOAS    Poverty and power: survival strategies of the poorest in three villages of West Bengal, India    Anthony BECK    Dr R W Bradnock
1992    DPhil    Oxford, St Anne’s    The English East India Company and Hindu laws of property in Bengal, 1765-1801: appropriation and invention of tradition    Nandini BHATTACHARYYA-PANDA    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1992    MLitt    Oxford, Magdalen     South Asian women, midwives and the maternity system: the role of cultural differences in the creation of inequality    Isobel M W BOWLER    Dr R W Dingwall
1992    PhD    London, LSE    Agricultural pricing in developing countries: Pakistan 1960-1988    David Patrick COADY    Prof N H Stern
1992    PhD    St Andrews    Alexander Dalrymple (1737-1808), hydrographer to the East India Company and to the Admiralty, as publisher: a catalogue of books and charts.    Andrew COOK    Dr B P Lenman
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Selwyn    Cross cultural conflict analysis: the “reality” of British victory in the second Anglo-Maratha War, 1803-1805    Randolf G S COOPER    Dr G Johnson
1992    DPhil    Sussex    The determinants of private consumption and the impact of fiscal policy: a study of Sri Lanka    Ginige A C DE SILVA    Prof M T Sumner
1992    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Aspects of community participation among the slum dwellers in achieving housing in Bombay    Vandana DESAI    Dr M J Banks; Dr G C K Peach
1992    DPhil    Sussex    Biomass entitlements and rural poverty in India: a village study of crop residues in south Gujerat    Priyamwada DESHINGKAR    Dr M Greeley
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    Indian thought, myth and folklore in the fiction of Rudyard Kipling and E M Forster    C R DEVADAWSON    Prof J B Beer
1992    PhD    London, UC    Residential location of low-income households in Hyderabad, India    Pothuia Jonathan DHARMARAJ
1992    PhD    London, UC    Residential location of low-income households in Hyderabad, India    J P DHARMARAT
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Religion, identity and authority among the Satnamis in colonial central India    S DUBE    Dr R O’Hanlon
1992    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson College    Continuity and recreation in the performing arts of India: a study of two artistic traditions    Anne-Marie GASTON    Mr B R Wilson
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    The institutional politics of gender in development policy for rural development in Bangladesh    A M M GOETZ    Mr G P Hawthorn
1992    PhD    CNAA, Central England    The “Karnata Dravida” tradition: development of Indian temple architecture in Karnataka 7th to 13th centuries    C A HARDY
1992    PhD    Open    State policy, liberalisation and the development of the Indian software industry    Richard Brendan HEEKS
1992    DPhil    Oxford    Entreprenurial decline and the end of Empire: British business in India, 1919-1949    A-M HISRA
1992    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    Music of Northern Pakistan    C E HUEHNS    Dr R F Davis
1992    PhD    London, SOAS    Female migrants’ adaptation in Dhaka: a case study of the processes of urban socio-economic change    Shahnaz HUQ-HUSSAIN    Dr R W Bradnock
1992    PhD    Bristol    Hindu Muslim inter group relations in Bangladesh: a cognitive inter group analysis    Mir R ISLAM    Prof M R C Hewstone
1992    MLitt    Cambridge, Christ’s    Medical choice in an urban village: a study of Zamrudpur, Delhi    R JALOTA
1992    MPhil    London, Wye    The economics of tea investments: an assessment of factors influencing the profitability of management and rehabilitation of tea establishments in Sri Lanka    Jayakodi Arachchige Maikanthi JAYAKODY
1992    MPhil    Liverpool    The response of democratic governments to armed resistance: India, Argentina, Peru, Colombia and Northern Ireland    J KARUMBIAH
1992    PhD    Leicester    Plume-lithosphere interaction: petrology of Rajmahal continental flood basalts and associated lamproites, Northeast India    Raymond William KENT
1992    PhD    Nottingham    Housing and landslides: a case study in Murree, Pakistan    Amir Nawaz KHAN    Prof J C Moughtin; Mr S Jalloh
1992    MPhil    Bradford    Investment in human capital in Pakistan    M N KHAN
1992    PhD    Strathclyde    Foreign aid, domestic saving and economic growth in retrospect: the case of Pakistan (1960-1988)    Naheed Zia KHAN    Dr E Rahim
1992    PhD    Strathclyde    Settlement processes and strategy in metropolitan areas: policy options for improvements of slums in Pakistan    Dost-Ali KHOWAJA    A Ramsey
1992    PhD    London, Wye    Irrigation systems management under diversified cropping in Sri Lanka: a multiple objective economic assessment on performance of main-water management    Hemesiri Bandara KOTAGAMA
1992    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    A description of the trade in readers for children by Longmans to British India and by Thomas Nelson to the British West Indies (1900-1939)and an examination of the structure of motifs in the readers’ texts    Wayne Barry KUBLALSINGH    Dr T F Eagleton
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill College    State power and the erosion of colonial authority in Uttar Pradesh, India, 1930-42    G KUDAISYA    Prof D A Low
1992    PhD    Cambridge    The public career of G D Birla, 1911-1947    M Mlf G S KUDAISYA    Prof D A Low
1992    PhD    London, LSE    An anthropological account of Islamic holy men in Bangladesh    Samual Peter LANDELL-MILLS    Dr A A F Gell
1992    PhD    London, LSE    Inequality, poverty and mobility: the experience of a north Indian village    Peter Frederik LANJOUW    Prof N Stern
1992    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Planning education in small dispersed island states with particular reference to the Maldives    Mohamed  LATHEEF
1992    PhD    London, LSE    The demography of Indian famines: a historical perspective    A MAHARATNA
1992    MPhil    London, King’s    The British in Bihar, 1757-81    Paramita MAHARATNA    Prof P J Marshall
1992    MPhil    London, King’s    The establishment of British rule in Bihar, 1757-1981    Paraamita MAHARATNA    Prof P J Marshall
1992    MPhil    East Anglia    Rural development in Pakistan: role and some effects of public sector    Abrar Ahmad MALIK
1992    DPhil    Sussex    A study of rural poverty in Pakistan with special reference to agricultural price policy    Shahnawaz MALIK    Mr P Chaudhuri
1992    PhD    Liverpool    Prevalence and genetics of resistance of antimicrobial agents in faecal enterobacteriaceae from children in Bangladesh    K Z MAMUM
1992    PhD    Bradford    Foreign joint ventures in Bangladesh: an empirical investigation of joint ventures in a less developed country between foreign multinational countries and local enterpirses: the case of Bangladesh    G S MAOLA    Prof P J Buckley
1992    DPhil    Oxford, St Hilda’s     Entreprenurial decline and the end of the Empire: British business in India, 1919-1949    Anna-Maria MISRA    Dr T Raychaudhuri; Dr D R Tomlinson
1992    PhD    London, Birkbeck    Languages as identity symbols: an investigation into language attitudes and behaviour amongst second-generation South Asian schoolchildren in Britain including the special case of Hindi and Urdu    M C MOBBS
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Gonville       From cattle to cane: the economic and social transformation of a Tarai village, North India    R H MONTGOMERY    Dr C Humphrey
1992    MPhil    Leicester    British newspaper coverage of Pakistan    Ahmad MUKHTAR    P Golding
1992    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Food Engel curves and equivalence scales in Sri Lanka    M MURTHI
1992    PhD    Glasgow    The institution of cooperation, credit and the process of of development in the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs    K MUSTAFA
1992    PhD    CNAA, Huddersfield    Hindu students in a further education college: an ethnographic enquiry    P OLIVER
1992    DPhil    Oxford , Hertford College    Distress sales and exchange relations in a rural area of Rayalaseema Andhra Pradesh    Wendy K OLSEN    Mrs J U Heyer
1992    PhD    Newcastle    Vulnerability, seasonality and the public distribution system in western India: a micro-level study    E A OUGHTON
1992    PhD    Warwick    Education and community in colonial Jallandhar, 1880-1935    Rajvinder S PAL    Dr D A Washbrook
1992    PhD    London, LSE    Electricity demand and pricing in India, 1947-1986    Kirtida Vimai PARIKH    Dr M S Morgan
1992    PhD    London, Wye    Micropropogation of the Sri Lankan anthurium cultivar “Crinkled Red” (Anthurium andreanum Lind)    Sriyani Edussuriya PEIRIS
1992    MPhil    CNAA, St John’s College, Nottingham    The extended family in spouse selection: a critical study and theological evaluation of the patterns of Christian family life in India (especially in the churches of South India)    P S C POTHAN
1992    PhD    Sheffield    A study of rainfall fluctuations in the homogeneous rainfall regimes in Sri Lanka    M PUVANESWARAN
1992    PhD    Stirling    Studies of filter feeding carps of commerical importance in Bangladesh with particular emphasis on the use of automated counting methods    S RAHMATULLAH
1992    PhD    Strathclyde    Solar radiation assessment in Pakistan    I A RAJA
1992    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    Forest policy in the Central Provinces, 1860-1914    Mahesh RANGARAJAN    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1992    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre College    Ecophysiology of natural regeneration of “Abies pindrow” in the moist temperate forest of Pakistan    RAZA-UL-HAQ    Mr F B Thompson; Dr P S Savill
1992    PhD    London, External    Recent Christian-Hindu dialogue with reference to Christology    Robert Arthur ROBINSON
1992    MPhil    Newcastle upon Tyne    Changing the attitudes of staff in a residential setting in India – a case study    N ROTTON
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    The effect of regular deworming on the growth, health and nutritional status of pre-school children in Bangladesh    Emily Kate ROUSHAM    Dr C G Mascie-Taylor
1992    PhD    South Bank    Effects of psycho-cultural factors on the socialization of British born Indian and indigenous British children living in England    D SACHDEV
1992    PhD    Birmingham    An ecumenical ecclesiology: an historical and systemaic theological enquiry into the Church of North India    D K SAHU
1992    PhD    Reading    A systems approach to the study of potential production of boro rice in the Haor region of Bangladesh    M U SALAM
1992    PhD    Aberdeen    Farm level approaches to tree growing in agroforestry in Haryana, India    P K SARDANA
1992    DPhil    Oxford, Green    Adoption and rejection of eucalyptus on farms in North-West India    Naresh C SAXENA    Dr B Harriss; Mr J E M Arnold
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Women workers in the Bengal jute industry, 1890-1940: migration, motherhood and militancy    S SEN    Dr R S Chandabarkar
1992    PhD    Cambridge^hTrinity    Literary representation of national identity and the rhetoric of nationalism in Raja Rao’s Kanthapura    R SETHI    Mr T J L Cribb
1992    DPhil    Sussex    The determinants of private consumption and the impact of fiscal policy: a study of Sri Lanka    G A C de SILVIA
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Gonville    A forest policy for Western India: the Dangs, 1800s-1920s    A SKARIA    Prof C A Bayly
1992    MPhil    Birmingham    The encounter between Christianity and Buddhism in Sri Lanka from the perspective of the Lausanne Movement    S F SKUCE
1992    MPhil    Birmingham    The development of Gandhi’s moral and religious philosophy from 1888-1921    G E SMITH
1992    PhD    Leicester    The geology of the roof-zone of the Kohistan Batholith, Northwestern Pakistan    Michael A SULLIVAN
1992    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    The military and the state in colonial Punjab, 1900–1939    T Yong TAN    Prof D A Low
1992    PhD    London, SOAS    Competing identities: the problem of what to wear in late colonial and contemporary India    Emma Josephine TARLO
1992    DPhil    Oxford, St John’s College    Studies in English and European writing on India, 1600-1800    Kate ( Katherine S) TELTSCHER    Prof J Carey; Mr J B Katz
1992    PhD    London, LSE    Health attitudes and personal health care decisions in Bombay, India    Bayjool THAKKER    Dr J E Stockdale
1992    PhD    London, LSE    Personal health care decisions in Bombay, India    B THAKKER
1992    PhD    East Anglia    NGOs and rural development process in India: case studies from Rayalaseema    V UMA
1992    PhD    London, SOAS    The personal pronouns and their related clitics in six Khasi dialects: a grammatical and sociolinguistic study    B WAR
1992    PhD    CNAA, North London    Sir Walter Lawrence and India, 1879-1918    Catherine Mary WILSON    Prof D Judd; Dr P Mercer
1993    PhD    Open    Women’s home-based income generation as a strategy towards poverty survival: dynamics of the “Khannawalli” (mealmaking)activity of Bombay    D ABBOTT    Mr A Thoms
1993    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    The role of communication in the rise of the Islamic movements in the Muslim world with special reference to Egypt, Kuwait, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Turkey    K ABU-ALKHAIR
1993    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    The People’s Party, the National Awami League and the political dynamics of federalism in Pakistan    S J AHMED    Mr G P Hawthorn
1993    PhD    Dundee    E M Forster at home and abroad: British and non-British elements in his fiction    A AL-HOUT
1993    PhD    Reading    Farmer-extension worker interaction and upstream information transfer in the T   V extension system in Bangladesh    Md. Mozahar ALI    Prof M J Rolls
1993    PhD    London, Ext (LSHTM)    Cultural influences on contraceptive behaviour in rural Bangaldesh    A AL-SABIR    J Simons
1993    PhD    Bradford    Agricultural credit for small farmers in Northern Pakistan: an analysis of access and productivity impact    Shehla Nasreen AMJAD    Dr Allan Low; Dr Behrooz Morvaridi
1993    PhD    East Anglia    Women’s experiences of a survival strategy: commoditisation of folk embroidery in Gujarat, India    J B ANDHARIA
1993    PhD    Liverpool    Seaweed resources in Sri Lanka: culture of Gracilaria and intertidal surveys    P ANNESTY JAYASURIYA
1993    PhD    Sheffield    A study of significant historic buildings in Lahore, leading towards the formulation of a national conservation policy for Pakistan    M Y AWAN    A Craven
1993    DPhil    York    The management of ethnic secessionist conflict with special reference to devolution of government: the external dimension and the big neighbour syndrome    Abersinghe BANDARA    Prof A Dunsire; Dr A Leftwich
1993    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    A study of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement 1930-1947, North West Frontier Province, British India    Mukulika BANERJEE    Prof J Davis
1993    MPhil    Eales, Cardiff    A survey of the Pakistani Muslim community in Cardiff    P G BATEMAN
1993    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Agrarian reforms and the politics of the Left in West Bengal    D BHATTACHARYYA    Mr G P Hawthorn
1993    PhD    Leeds    Salisbury at the India Office, 1866-67 and 1874-78    Paul R BRUMPTON    Dr E D Steele
1993    PhD    London, SOAS    Contesting the resource: the politics of forest management in colonial Burma    Raymond Leslie BRYANT
1993    PhD    London, UC    The incompatability between the the needs of low-income households and the perceptions and attitudes of architects and planners: a case study of Lahore, Pakistan    Arif Qayyum BUTT
1993    PhD    Kent    Confidence building measures in South Asia    Navnita CHADHA    Prof A J R Groom
1993    DPhil    Oxford    The changing nature of the Indian hill station    A CHATERJI
1993    MLitt    Oxford, St Hilda’s    The changing nature of the Indian Hill Station    Aditi CHATTERJI    Dr D I Scargill
1993    PhD    Keele    Paul Scott’s “Raj Quartet”: historical approaches and Bakhtinian readings    P CHILDS
1993    MPhil    Sheffield    Applicability of the CDS-ISIS package in the automation of University libraries with partciular reference to India    S CHOWDHURY
1993    PhD    London, SOAS    Colonialism and cultural identity: the making of a Hindu discourse, Bengal, 1867-1905    Indira CHOWDHURY-SENGUPTA    Prof D J Arnold
1993    MPhil    London, SOAS    The rhythmic organisation of North Indian classical music: tal, lay and laykari    Martin Richard Lawson CLAYTON
1993    PhD    London, SOAS    From Bhakti to Buddhism: early Dalit literature and ideology    Philip John CONSTABLE    Prof D J Arnold
1993    PhD    London    The relevance and feasibility of community-based production of leaf concentrate as a supplement for pre-school children in Sri Lanka    David Nicholas COX
1993    PhD    Edinburgh    Size isn’t everything: an anthropologist’s view of the cook, the potter, her engineer and his donor in appropriate technology development in Sri Lanka, Kenya and UK    Emma CREWE    Dr A Good; Dr M Noble
1993    PhD    Essex    An empirical study of technical and allocative efficiency of wheat farmers in the Indian village of Palanpur    A CROPPENSTEDT
1993    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Privilege and policy: the indigenous elite and the colonial education system in Ceylon, 1869-1948    Lakshmi K DANIEL    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1993    PhD    REading    Weed ecology studies in Sri Lanka: competition studies with maize, barley and oilseed rape    N P DISSANAYAKER
1993    M.Phil    Edinburgh    A study of the indigenous contribution to Tamil Saiva bhakti    C J EDEN
1993    PhD    Lancaster    Epic naratives inthe Hoysala temples: the Ramayana, Mahabharata and Bhagavata Purana in Halebid, Belur and Amrtapura    Kirsti Kaarina EVANS    Dr David Smith
1993    PhD    CNAA, Brighton Poly    Sport and South Asian male youth    S FLEMING
1993    PhD    Manchester    Intermarriage of Zoroastrian women in bombay    H K FRASER
1993    PhD    Brunel    TV talk in a London Punjabi peer culture    M GILLESPIE
1993    PhD    Keele    Occasions of grace: interpretations of truth in Paul Scott’s “The Raj Quartet”    P A GLOVER
1993    PhD    London, LSE    The multiplicity of agencies promoting the health of refugees, with a case study of the Afghans in Pakistan, 1978-1989    Nancy GODFREY    Prof B Abel-Smith
1993    PhD    Open    The Gujeratis of Bolton: the leaders and the led    K G HAHLO
1993    PhD    Loughborough    Acquiring foreign language materials for Pakistani libraries: a study    Syed Jalaluddin HAIDER    Prof J P Feather
1993    Phil    East Anglia    The implications of tourism for the environment: a Maldives case study    H HAMEED
1993    PhD    London, SOAS    Eurasians in British India, 1773-1833: the making of a reluctant community    Christopher John HAWES    Prof D J Arnold
1993    PhD    Aberdeen    Some aspects of the chemistry and mineralogy of soil magnesium in relation to Camellia growth on Sri Lankan acid tea soils    L HETTIARACHCHI
1993    PhD    Manchester    Management control in public sector enterprises: a case study of budgeting in the jute industry of Bangladesh    A K M Z HOQUE    Prof T Hopper
1993    PhD    Salford    Rural accessibility and agricultural development in Bangladesh    N A HUQ    Dr R D Knowles
1993    PhD    London, LSE    Decentralized resource allocation in primary health care: formal methods and their application in Britain and Pakistan    M ISHFAQ
1993    PhD    Manchester    Transnational corporations and economic development: a study of the Malaysian electronics industry    M N ISMAIL
1993    PhD    Edinburgh    Rice marketing in Pakistan: the case for liberalisation ?    Amanat Ali JALBANI
1993    DPhil    York    Language maintenance and bilingualism in Darbhanga    Shailjanand JHA    Dr C Verma
1993    PhD    Cambridge    Industrial concentration and performance: an empirical study of the structure, conduct and performance of Indian industry (1970-1985)    U S KAMBHAMPATI
1993    PhD    London    A genetic analysis of diabetes mellitus in subjects of Indian origin    Parminder Kaur KAMBO
1993    MPhil    Strathclyde    Famine and poliocy in the Central Provinces of India: the crises of 1896/97 and 1899/1900    Nicalas W KEYS    Dr P S Collins
1993    PhD    Kent    Regional conflict in South Asia: the route to intractability in the Kashmir conflict, 1947-1990    A Robert KHAN    Prof A J R Groom
1993    MPhil    Wales, Bangor    Wood production through agroforestry in Charsadda district, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan    F S KHAN
1993    DPhil    Oxford, St Hilda’s     Indian Muslim perceptions of the West during the 18th century    Gulfishan KHAN    Dr I Malik
1993    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Ex-post cost benefit analysis of village woodlots of Gujarat, India    J A KHAN
1993    PhD    London, External    The history of printing and publishing in Ceylon, with special reference to Sinhalese books, 1737-1912    Egodahettiarachchige Don Tilakapala KULARATNE
1993    MLitt    Cambridge    The security of new states, Pakistan and Singapore: a study in contrast and compulsion    A UL I LATIF
1993    MLitt    Glasgow    The imperial eye: perceptions in British photography (1850-1870)of India and the Near East    Alison J LINDSAY    Dr C A Wilson
1993    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    The role of culture in India’s international relations    V MANI
1993    PhD    London, SOAS    Caring women: power and ritual in Gujerati households in East London    Merryle Ann McDONALD    Dr N Lindisfarne
1993    PhD    Cambridge    Governance and resistance in north Indian towns, c.1860-1900    Patrick M McGINN    Prof C A Bayly
1993    PhD    City    Gamaka and Alamkara: concepts of vocal ornamentation with reference to Bara Khayal    S M McINTOCH
1993    PhD    Aston    Management role in employee participation: a comparative study of multination enterprisei n India and the UK    Santrupt MISRA    Dr R Lumley
1993    PhD    Aston    Management role in employee participation: a comparative study of multinational enterprises in India and the UK    Santrupt MISRA    Dr R Lumley
1993    PhD    London, LSE    Inside and outside: conceptual continuities from household to region in Kumaon, North India    Joanne MOLLER    Dr C Fuller
1993    MPhil    Loughborough    Performance of concrete buried pipe distribution systems of surface irrigation under farm manager’s management in Tangail, Bangladesh    Mohammed Abdul Karim MRIDHA    Mr I K Smout
1993    PhD    London, Wye    The economic evaluation of agricultural research in Sri Lanka    Jeyaluxmy NADARAJAH
1993    PhD    Cambridge, St Edmund’s    Co-option and control: the role of the colonial army in India, 1918-47    Namrata NARAIN    Dr R S Chandavarkar
1993    PhD    London, LSE    Kinship, marriage and womanhood among the Nakarattars of South India    Yuko NISHIMURA    Dr C Fuller
1993    PhD    Guildhall    The determinants of direct overseas investment from Singapore    Samual Bassey OKPOSEN    M Cowen
1993    PhD    Hull    British policy and Chinese policy in Malaya, 1942-1955    HAK CHING OONG    C J Christie
1993    PhD    London, LSE    Making hierarchy natural: the cultural construction of gender and maturity in Kerala, India    Caroline OSELLA    Dr C Fuller; Dr J P Parry
1993    PhD    London, LSE    Caste, class, power and social mobility in Kerala, India    Filippo OSELLA    Dr C Fuller; Dr J P Parry
1993    DPhil    Oxford, Christ Church    The confusions of an imperialist inheritance: the Labour Party and the Indian problem, 1940-1947    Nicholas J OWEN    Dr J G Darwin
1993    DPhil    York    Imperialism, insularity and identity: the novels of Paul Scott    G Martin PATERSON    Mr Landig White
1993    PhD    London, UC    Effects of land use policies on land prices in middle income housing, Hyderabad, India    Padmavathi PERVAR
1993    PhD    London, UC    Sir Leonard Rogers F.R.S. (1868-1962): tropical medicine in the Indian Medical Service    Helen Joy POWER    Prof WF Bynum
1993    DPhil    Oxford, Campion Hall    Satnamis: the changing status of a scheduled caste in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradash    Gnana PRAKASAM    Dr N J Allen
1993    MPhil    Wales, Aberystwyth    The career of Robert, first  baron Clive (1725-1764) with special reference to his administrative and political career    David Livett PRIOR    Prof P D G Thomas
1993    PhD    London, QMW    Belonging and not belonging: understanding India in novels by Paul Scott, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and V S Naipaul    Janet Mariana PUGH
1993    PhD    Newcastle upon Tyne    Coping strategies of domestic workers: a study of three settlements in Delhi metropolitan region, India    P RAGHURAM    Dr J D Jones
1993    MPhil    Leicester    Conceptions of health and health care among two generations of Gujerati-speaking Hindu women in Leicester    V RAJA
1993    PhD    London, LSE    The political economy of agrarian policies in Kerala: a study of state intervention in agricultural commodity markets with particular reference to dairy pmarkets    Velayudhan RAJAGOPALAN    Prof T J Nossiter
1993    PhD    Hull    Religion, politics and the secular state in India after independence    C S RANGANATHAN
1993    PhD    London, LSE    Construction of female gender in rural north India    Deborah Edith RUTTER    Dr J P Parry
1993    MPhil    Newcastle-upon-Tyne    Modelling growth of rainfed and irrigated sugarcane in the dryzone of Sri Lanka    K SANMUGANATHAN
1993    PhD    Hull    Tribes, politics and social change in India: a case study iof the Mullukurumbas of the Nilgiri Hills    S SATHIANATHAN
1993    PhD    Keele    The sources and supply of basic foods in Dhaka City    Sayeed SAYEED
1993    PhD    London, SOAS    Pollution theory and Harijan strategies among south Indian Tamils    Yasumasa SEKINE
1993    PhD    London, Inst Comm    The linkages between Pakistan’s domestic policies and its foreign policy, 1971-1991    Mehtab-Ali SHAH    Dr P H Lyon
1993    PhD    UEA    Various approaches to the measurement of inefficiency in Pakistani agriculture: an empirical investigation    M K SHAR
1993    PhD    London, SOAS    Consumer protection law in India: a socio-legal study    Gurjeet SINGH
1993    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Quarternary alluvial sedimentology in Bihar, India    Rajeev SINHA    Dr P F Friend
1993    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    On religion and renunciation: the case of the Raikas of western Rajahastan    Vinay Kumar SRIVASTAVA    Dr C Humphrey
1993    PhD    Leicester    The empire aggrandized, a study in commemorative portrait statuary exported from Britain to her colonies in South Asia, 1800-1939    M A STEGGIES
1993    MPhil    Warwick    South Asians and employment in Great Britain with particular reference to agriculture    R H G SUGGETT
1993    OhD    London, SOAS    Peasant agriculture and tenancy in Orissa (India): a study of three villages at different levels of development, with special reference to share tenancy    M SWAIN
1993    PhD    Warwick    The politics of homeland: a study of ethnic linkages and political mobilisation amongst Sikhs in Britain and North America    D S TALLA
1993    PhD    Edinburgh    Lakshmi in the market place: traders and farmers in a north Indian market    M S TOMAR    Dr P M Jeffrey; Dr R Jeffrey
1993    PhD    Hull    Nagas in the museum: an anthropological study of the material cculture of the Hill People of the Assam-Burnma border    Andrew OChristopher WEST    Mr L G Hill
1993    PhD    London, SOAS    The politics of moderation: Britain and the Indian Liberal Party, 1917-1923    Philip Graham WOODS    Prof D J Arnold
1993    PhD    Leeds    Afghanistan in the defence of India, 1903-1915    Christopher Mark WYATT    Dr K M Wilson
1993    PhD    Exeter    The correlates of contraceptive and fertility behaviour withon the framework of sociocultural ideology: a case study of two urban centres of Pakistan    M I ZAFAR
1994    PhD    Glasgow    The non-compliant behaviour of the small states of South Asia: Nepal and Bangladesh in relation to India    S AFROZE
1994    MPhil    Lancaster    The status of women and fertility: a case study of Pakistani women in Rochdale     Salma AHMAD    Dr Suzette Heald; Dr Sarah Franklin
1994    PhD    London, UC    The hydrogeology of the Dupi Tila sands acquifer of the Barind tract, NA Bangladesh    Kazi Matin Uddin AHMED    Dr W G Burgess
1994    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    Behavioural ecology of the Hoolock gibbon (Hylobates Hoolock)in Bangladesh    M F AHSAN    Dr D J Chivers
1994    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    Violence and the state in the partition of Punjab, 1947-48    Swarna AIYAR    Prof D A Low
1994    PhD    Manchester    Taxation and economic development in Bangladesh with special reference to indirect taxation    Sofia H J ALI    Ms W Olsen
1994    PhD    Salford    Environmental assessment for wetlands management in Sri Lanka    M D AMARASINGHE
1994    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    Residential land price changes in selected peripheral colonies of Lucknow City, India, 1970-1990    F AMITABH    Dr S E Corbridge
1994    PhD    Cranfield, Silsoe    Mechanisation of grain harvesting in Pakistan    Nadeem AMJAD
1994    PhD    London, SOAS    Women’s consciousness and assertion in colonial India: gender, social reform and politics in Maharashtra, c.1870-c.1920    P ANAGOL-McGINN
1994    PhD    London, SOAS    Women’s consciousness and assertion in colonial India: gender, social reform and politics in Maharashtra, c.1870-1920    Padma ANAGOL-McGINNnagol    Prof D J Arnold
1994    PhD    Strathclyde    Tourism in developing countries: a case study of Pakistan    M I ANWAR
1994    PhD    Bradford    The understanding of truth and the human person in Gandhi’s thought    C ARBER
1994    PhD    Leicester    Mineralogy, geochemistry and stable isotope studies of the ultramafic rocks from the Swat Valley ophiolite, North Western Pakistan: implications for the genesis of emerald and nickeliferous opaque phases    Mohammad ARIF
1994    PhD    Edinburgh    The understanding of pastoral care and counselling in the Church of South India, with special reference to the work of the Christian Counselling Centre, Velore    Nalini ARLES    Prof A F Walls; Dr D Lyall
1994    PhD    Birmingham    Bangladeshi community organisations in East London: a case study analysis    M A ASGHAR
1994    PhD    London, SOAS    Naqshbandi Sufis in a western setting    A T ATAY
1994    PhD    London, LSHTM    Cost effectiveness of anti-malaria activities in Sri Lanka    A M G G N K ATTANAYAKE
1994    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Is education beneficial ? A microeconomic analysis of the impact of education on the economic welfare of a developing country, Sri Lanka    D H C ATURUPANE    Dr P B Seabright
1994    PhD    Leicester    The Koga feldspathoidal syenite, North Western Pakistan: mineralogy and industrial applications    Iftikar Hussain BALOCH
1994    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Workers’ politics in Bengal, 1890-1929: mill-towns, strikes and nationalist agitations    Subho BASU    Dr R S Chandavarkar
1994    BLitt    Oxford, Lady Margaret    The famine of 1899-1900 and the government of India    M BHABA
1994    PhD    Essex    A comparative sociolinguistic study of urban and rural Sindhi    M Q BUGHIO
1994    PhD    Southampton    India, Sri Lanka and the Tamil crisis, 1976-1990    A J BULLION
1994    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Fluvial landforms and sediments in the North-Central Gangetic plain, India    S CHANDRA    Dr K S Richards
1994    PhD    London, LSE    Legislators in India: a comparison of MLAs in five states    Virender Kumar CHOPRA    Prof T J Nossiter
1994    PhD    London, King’s    The development of Singapore land law as influenced by English and Australian law    Panicker Alice CHRISTUDASON
1994    PhD    Cambridge, King’s     Urban texts: an interpretation of the architectural, textual and artefactual records of a Sri Lankan early historic city    R A E CONINGHAM    Dr F R Allchin
1994    PhD    Kent    Indias of the mind: the construction of post-colonial identity in Salman Rushdie’s fiction    C P CUNDY
1994    MLitt    Bristol    British Baptist missionary activity in Orissa, 1822-1914    P K DAS
1994    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s     The making of a Jat identity in the Southeast Punjab circa 1880-1936    Monica DATTA    Prof C A Bayly
1994    MPhil    Wales, Cardiff    An evaluation of the attractiveness to Apia cerana F. of the honeybee flora growing in the Dhaka region of Bangladesh and the socio-economic value of these plants to the local community    R J DAY
1994    DPhil    Oxford, New    Indian industry 1950-1990: growth, demand and productivity    Ranu DAYAL
1994    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    Technical change and efficiency in Sri Lanka’s manufacturing sector    Sonali D P DERANIYAGALA    Mrs F J Stewart
1994    PhD    Edinburgh    Energy resources and the role of mini and micro hydro power in Northern India    Alison DOIG
1994    PhD    London, Wye    Reaching the poor ? The identification and assessment of rural poverty by a non-governmental organisation (NGO)in Gujerat, India    Talib Baahadurail Karmali ESMAIL
1994    PhD    London, LSE    Defence industrialization in the NICs: case studies from Brazil and India    Carol Vervain EVANS
1994    PhD    London    Dying: death and bereavement in a British Hindu community    Shirley Jean FIRTH
1994    MPhil    Bristol    Pakistan: a power in central Asia     N GHUFRAN    Dr V Hewitt
1994    PhD    Hull    Construction of the European Union: implications for the developing countries: case study of India    D K GIRI
1994    PhD    London    Sufism and its development inthe Panjab    Shuja Ul HAQ
1994    PhD    Aberdeen    Export performance and marketing strategy for Malaysian palm oil    A HASHIM
1994    PhD    Bradford    Microenterprises in Pakistan: an efficiency and performance analysis of manufacturing microenterprises in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan    Syed Amjad Farid HASNU    Mr Michael Yaffey
1994    PhD    Birmingham    The quest of Ajneya: a theological appraisal of the search for meaning in his three Hindi novels    R H HOOKER
1994    PhD    Newcastle    Mechanisation of wheat production in Bangladesh based on a growth modelling approach    A H M S HOSSAIN
1994    PhD    Newcastle    Some factors affecting the performance of draught buffaloes in wetland rice cultivation in Sri Lanka    S M HULANGAMUWA
1994    PhD    Edinburgh    The scented garden in Deccani Muslim literature    S A A HUSAIN
1994    PhD    Durham    Rural-urban integration in Bangladesh: a study of linkages between villages and small urban centres    M N ISLAM    Dr P J Atkins
1994    PhD    Nottingham    Standards of safety in the underground coal mining industry of Pakistan    K G JADOON
1994    PhD    Bradford    Trade liberalization and performance: the impact of trade reform on manufacturing sector performance: Sri Lanka, 1977-89    Kangesu JAYANTHAKUMARAN    Prof C Kirkpatrick; Mr Michael Yaffey
1994    PhD    Reading    Changing patterns ofinformal and formal finance in a Rajasthan village    J Howard M JONES    Mr A Harrison
1994    PhD    London, SOAS    Polygamy and purdah in the royal households of Rajastan – 13th-19th centuries    Varsha JOSHI    Prof D J Arnold
1994    MPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    Sustainability of public debt: an application to India    Alka KACKER    Dr E V K Fitzgerald
1994    PhD    Reading    Comparison of extension provision for the smallholder and estate tea sectors in Sri Lanka    H R K K KARUNADASA    Dr C J Garforth
1994    PhD    Glasgow    Factor price distortions, underutilisation of capacity and employment in the large-scale manufacturing sector of Pakistan    R KAUSER
1994    PhD    London, SOAS    Missionaries: the Hindu state and British paramountcy in Travancore and Cochin, 1858-1936    Koji KAWASHIMA    Prof D J Arnold
1994    MPhil    Strathclyde    Famine and famine policy in the central provinces of India: the crises of 1896-7 and 1899-1900    N W KEYS
1994    PhD    Wales, Lampeter    Indian Muslims in the political process    O KHALIDI
1994    PhD    Strathclyde    Poverty, uneven development, urbanisation and economic planning policies in Pakistan: a case study of Peshawar, North West Frontier Province    Assmatullah KHAN    Prof U Wannop
1994    PhD    Strathclyde    Interlinkages between land-lease and credit markets: impact on the introduction of modern technology in the North West Frontier Province (Pakistan)    H KHAN
1994    PhD    Lancaster    Saiva priests of Tamil Nadu    G LAZAR
1994    PhD    London    Fertility transition in Malaysia: an analysis by state and ethnic group    R LEETE
1994    PhD    London, Inst Ed    A comparative study of educational disadvantage in India within the Anglo-Indian community: a historical and contemporary analysis    Antoinette Iris Grace LOBO    Mr C Jones
1994    PhD    London, SOAS    The transformation of colonial perceptions into legal norms: legislating for crime and punishment in Bengal, 1790s to 1820s    Shahdeen MALIK
1994    PhD    Central England    Housing finance in developing countries: a case study of Lahore, Pakistan    T H MALIK
1994    PhD    Open    Thermal comfort for urban housing in Bangladesh    F H MALLICK
1994    PhD    London, Bedford    Consciousness and the actors: a re-assessment of Western and Indian approaches to the actor’s emotional involvement from the perspective of Vedic psychology    Daniel MEYER-DINKGRAFE
1994    DPhil    Sussex    The comprehensive crop insurance scheme in India, 1985-1991: a study of its working with special reference to Gujerat    Pramod K MISHRA    Prof M Lipton
1994    PhD    London, SOAS    From patriarchy to gender equity: family law and its impact on women in Bangladesh    Taslima MONSOOR
1994    DPhil    Sussex    Re-reading the Raj: narrative and power in British fictions of India    P G MOREY
1994    PhD    Reading    An effective communication model for the acceptance of new agricultural technology by farmers in the Punjab, Pakistan    Sher MUHAMMAD    Dr C J Garforth
1994    DPhil    Sussex    Brother, there are only two Jatis – men and women: the construction of gender identity, women, the state and personal laws in India    M MUKHOPADHYAY
1994    PhD    London, LSHTM    Visceral leishmaniasis vectors in Pakistan    Mohammad Arif MUNIR
1994    PhD    Leeds    Ramayana and Mahabharata: contemporary theatrical experiments in English with Indic oral traditions of storytelling    V NAIDU
1994    PhD    Durham    Rural-urban interaction in Bangladesh: a study of linkages between villagers and small urban centres    M N I NAZERN
1994    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    Rukmini Devi and the Bharata Natyam – the revival of classical dance in India    K OHTANI
1994    PhD    London, SOAS    Bauls of West Bengal: with special reference to Raj Khyapa and his followers    Jeanne OPENSHAW    Dr A Cantlie
1994    DPhil     Sussex    Agrarian structure, new technology and labour absorption in Indian agriculture: an empirical investigation of Gujerat    Kirankumar Manubhai PANDYA
1994    PhD    London    Gender, discipleship and charismatic authority in the Rajneesh movement    Marie Elizabeth PUTTICK
1994    PhD    Durham    Social change and fertility transition in Sri Lanka    P PUVANARAJAN    Prof J I Clarke; Mr A R Townsend
1994    PhD    London, LSHTM    Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in northern areas of Pakistan with particular reference to the reservoir(s)    Mohammed Abdur RAB
1994    PhD    Brunel    Management education and development strategies in Bangladesh    A S M M RAHMAN
1994    PhD    Wales, Swansea    Decentralisation and rural society in Bangladesh: a study of bureaucratic restraints on access in the UPAZILA structure     Mohammed Halibur RAHMAN    Dr C Gerry
1994    DPhil    Oxford, Worcester    India and the north-south politics of global environmental issues: the case of ozone depletion, climate change and loss of biodiversity    Mukund G RAJAN    Dr A J Hurrell
1994    PhD    Kent    Causal factors and transmission mechanisms of inflationary impulses in Sri Lanka, 1970-1989    Purnima RAJAPAKSE    Prof Thirlwall
1994    MPhil    London, SOAS    Remembering Burma: Tamil migrants and memories    Audrey Beatrice Stephanie RAMAMURTHY    Dr N Lindisfarne
1994    PhD    Reading    The analysis of farmer information systems for feeding dairy cattle in two villages of Kerala State, India    S N RAMKUMAR
1994    PhD    City    Perception-production in relation to fronting of velars in Hindi and Marati speaking children    M E RAO
1994    PhD    London, UC    Socio-economic status, channels of recruitment and the rural to urban migration of labour: a case study of the squatter settlements of Delhi, India    Himmat Singh RATNOO
1994    PhD    London, UC    Haemoglobin disorders among the tribal population of Madhya Pradesh, India    P H REDDY
1994    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney    Mohajir subnationalism and the Mohajir Qaumi Movement in Sindh Province, Pakistan    J J RICHARDS    Dr S Corbridge
1994    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Conversion and catholicism in Southern Goa, India    R T ROBINSON    Dr C Humphrey
1994    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Rural labour arrangements in West Bengal, India    Benjamin N ROGALY    Dr B Harriss
1994    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    The politics of fiscal policy: some reflections on fiscal policy and state intervention in developing economies with special reference to India    R ROY
1994    PhD    Reading    The taxonomy and ecology of the genus Licuala (Palmae)in Malaya    L G SAW
1994    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    Politics in Orissa, 1900-1956: regional identity and popular movements    Jayanta SENGUPTA    Dr R S Chandavarkar
1994    MPhil    Newcastle    Public participation in the Malaysian structure plan system practice, response and impact studies    K SHAMSUDIN
1994    PhD    Aberdeen    Attitudes of tribal people towards social forestry with reference to Madhya Pradesh, India    A SHUKLA
1994    PhD    Manchester    Decentralisation, participation and rural development in Bangladesh: an analysis pf the Upazila system    N A SIDDIQUEE    Dr D Hulme
1994    PhD    Bradford    The political economy of agricultural change in India    Kalim U SIDDIQUI    Dr Carolyn Dennis; Dr Behrooz Morvaridi
1994    PhD    Leicester    Electoral campaigns and the media: the coverage of India’s 1991 general election in the Indian and the British press    Balwinder SINGH    Ms O Linne
1994    DPhil    York    Case and agreement in Hindi: a GB approach    Joga SINGH    Mr M K Verma
1994    PhD    Manchester    Historical relations: representing collective identities. Small group portraiture in eighteenth-century England, British India and America    K S STANWORTH
1994    PhD    London, SOAS    The symbolic construction of the Sri Lankan Hindu Tamil community in Britain    D A TAYLOR
1994    PhD    Leeds    The development of the Bangladesh jute industry since 1971    F TERKELSEN
1994    PhD    Reading    Exploring media non-professionals’ participation in access television: towards a participatory production model for development broadcasting in India    Korula VARGHESE    Dr P Norrish
1994    PhD    London, Goldsmiths’    What the neighbours say: gender and power in two low-income settlemets in Madras    Penny VERA-SANSO    Prof P Caplan
1994    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    Creation in Santal tribal religion and Christian faith: a study in comparative religion    W WALKER
1994    PhD    Manchester    Growth and adjustment after trade liberalisation: Sri Lanka, 1977-1992    D N WEERAKOON
1994    PhD    London, UC    The management of official records in Sri Lanka and its impact on public administration    Sarath Sisira Kumara WICKRAMANAYAKA
1994    PhD    REading    The solubility of rice straw silica and its use as a silicon source in paddy cultivation    D E WICKRAMASINGHE
1994    PhD    London    Effect of climatic factors on the growth of tea (“Camellia sinensis”)in the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka    Madawala Arachchillage WIJERATNE
1994    PhD    Leeds    Young British Hindu women’s interpretation of the images of womenhood in Hinduism    S M WILKINSON
1994    PhD    Bradford    Interlocking directorates in Hong Kong business organizations: a longitudinal study of their changing patterns    G Y-Y WONG
1994    PhD    London, SOAS    Mission-conversion-dialogue: the process of Christianization of the Richi in south-West Bangladesh    Cosimo ZENE    Dr A Cantlie
1995    PhD    London, King’s    The implications of the Falklands War for the defence of India’s island territories    Biju ABRAHAM    Prof G Till
1995    PhD    Exeter    An investigation into programme factors and providers and providers’ perceptions of family welfare centres in Faisalabad district of Pakistan    A AHMAD
1995    PhD    Exeter    An initiative into programme factors and providers’ perceptions at family welfare centres in Faisalbad district of Pakistan    Ashfaq AHMED
1995    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Aspects of influence over accounting and accounting for currency devaluation in Bangladesh    J AHMED
1995    PhD    Birmingham    Social relations and migration: a study of post-war migration with particular reference to migration from Bangladesh to Britain    F ALAM
1995    PhD    Hull    Keralites in Abu Dhabi: a study of skilled and unskilled Keralite migrant workers in the city of Abu Dhabi    S A S ALKOBAISI
1995    PhD    Reading    The effect of a prolonged release formulation of bovine somatotropin (sometribove)on milk production of Bos Taurus and dairy crossbred cows in Malaysia    A AZIZAN
1995    PhD    Stirling    Scholarly publishing in Malaysia: a study of marketing environment and influences on readership behaviour    Firdaus Ahmad AZZAM
1995    PhD    Strathclyde    The role of the private sector in the provision of sites and services schemes for low income groups: a case study of Lahore, Pakistan    Ihsan-Ullah BAJWA    P Green
1995    PhD    Open    Crustal evolution and metamorphism in the high-grade terrain of South India    J M BARTLETT
1995    PhD    Lancaster    A study of continuity within the Ramakrishna Math and Mission with reference to the practice of seva, service to humanity    G T BECKERLEGGE
1995    MPhil    Wales    Population planning and its effect upon the development of agricultural policies in India since 1947    Austin BICKERS
1995    PhD    London, SOAS    An Indian cloth painting and its art worlds: perceptions of Orissan “patta” paintings    Helle BUNDGAARD    Dr C Pinney
1995    PhD    London, LSE    Gender, exchange and person in a fishing community in Kerala, South India    Cecilia Jane BUSBY    Dr Henrietta Moore
1995    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    Britain, India and the genesis of the Colombo Plan, 1945-51    Philip J CHARRIER    Prof D A Low
1995    MPhil    Warwick    Such a long journey: the Anglo-Indian literary tradition: a study in duality    Mithu CHATTOPADHYAY
1995    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    Orientalist themes and English verse in nineteenth century India    Rosinka CHAUDHURI    Dr R Young
1995    MPhil    London, King’s College    So peculiarly formed a corps: the beginnings of Gorkha service with the British     A P (Jim) COLEMAN    Prof B J Bond
1995    PhD    London    The elites of the Maldives: sociopolitical organisation and change    Elizabeth Overton COLTON
1995    PhD    Cambridge, Gonville      Origins, development and organisation of national Antarctic programmes with special reference to the United Kingdom and India    A DEY-NUTTALL
1995    PhD    London    The control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)in cowpeas in Sri Lanka: effect of varietal resistance, conventional insecticides and locally available bontanicals    C M D DHARMASENA
1995    PhD    London, SOAS    The Gujerati lyrics of Kavi Dayarambhai    R M J DWYER
1995    PhD    Edinburgh    Community health care the NGO way: an anthropological study of a maternal-child health and family planning programme in rural Bangladesh    R V EBDON    Dr A Good; Dr M C Jedrej
1995    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Co-option and exclusion: a study of Indian MPs    Paul C R FLATHER    Dr A F Heath
1995    PhD    Strathclyde    Solar based technology for crop drying in rural Pakistan    Mohammad GHAFFAR    Dr G Zawdie
1995    PhD    Cambridge, St Edmund’s    The enforcement of the zini ordinance by the Federal Shariat Court in the period 1980-1990 and its impact on women    E GIUNCHI    Dr B F Musallam
1995    PhD    London, SOAS    Popular resistance to Zamindari oppression in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Northern India, 1920-1960    Kusum GOPAL    Prof D J Arnold
1995    PhD    London, SOAS    Geology in India, 1770-1851: a study in the methods and motivations of a colonial science    Andrew GROUT    Dr P G Robb
1995    PhD    London    Carbon dioxide abatement in an empirical model of the Indian economy: an integration of micro and macro analysis    S GUPTA
1995    DPhil    Oxford    The Kishangarh school of painting, c 1680-1850    N N HAIDAR
1995    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    The implications of resettlement on Vasava identity: a study of a community displaced by the Sardar Sarovar (Narmada)Dam project    R P HAKIM    Mr G P Hawthorn
1995    PhD    Keele    Dimensions and types of Malay family interaction in Malaysia: a humanistic approach    L M H HARUN
1995    PhD    London, LSE    Management practices and business development in Pakistan, 1950-1988    Naveed HASAN    Dr G M Austin
1995    PhD    London, Wye    Factors influencing post-harvest longevity of embul bananas    K S HEWAGE
1995    PhD    Durham    Singapore’s experience in ASEAN: the nature of trade and inward investment    M A HILEY    Dr R J A Wilson
1995    PhD    East London    Women’s right to divorce in rural Bangladesh    Naima HUQ    Mr J Roche; Dr J Cooper; Dr J Eade
1995    MPhil    Wales, Lampeter    Resistance, reformation and rejection: modernity and tradition in ninteenth century Hinduism    S B JACOBS
1995    PhD    London, LSHTM    Gynaecological and mental health of low-income urban women in India    Surinda Kaur Parmar JASWAL
1995    PhD    Edinburgh    Estate Tamil: a morphosyntactic study    Nagita KADRURGAMUWE
1995    PhD    Leeds    Provision of corporate financial information in Bangladesh    A K M Waresul KARIM    Prof P Moizer; Ms H Short
1995    PhD    East London    Changing responses to child labour: the case of female children in the Bangladesh garment industry    Sumaiya KHAIR    Dr H Lim; Prof M Freeman
1995    PhD    London, Imperial    Inclincations towards enterprise – a typology of poor, enterprising and non-enterprising women in India    U E KRAUS-HARPER
1995    PhD    London, SOAS    Metropolitan encounters: a study of Indian students in Britain, 1880-1930    Shompa LAHIRI    Dr P G Robb
1995    PhD    Exeter    How to measure default risk: an empirical study on India’s operations in the loan and bond markets    Geeta LAKSHMI    Mr J Matatko; B Pearson
1995    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    Financial development, economic growth and the effect of financial innovation on the demand for money in an open economy: an econometric analysis for Singapore    Lamin LEIGH    Dr J Muellbauer; Prof D F Hendry
1995    PhD    Kent    Structured dependency: lone mothers and social security in Hong Kong    L C LEUNG
1995    PhD    London, RHBNC    Sufism, sufi leadership and modernisation in South Asia since c.1800    Claudia LIEBESKIND    Prof F R C Robinson
1995    PhD    Wales, Swansea    Planning for the participation of vulnerable groups in communal management of forest resources: the case of the Western Ghats forestry projects    Catherine LOCKE    Prof Alan Rew
1995    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Aspects of urban design with special reference to image and identity in built form – case study of Kuala Lumpur    B S MAHBOB
1995    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Pakistan’s foreign policy, 1971-1981: the search for security    Niloufer Q MAHDI    Dr G Rizvi
1995    DPhil    Oxford, St Peter’s     Impact of highland-lowland interaction on agriculture in the Hunza Valley: the socio-economic transformation of mountain societies    Arif MAHMUD    Prof G C K Peach
1995    DPhil    Oxford, Oriel    Contractual arrangements in Pakistani agriculture : a study of share tenancy in Sindh    Nomaan MAJID    Dr B Harriss
1995    MD    Manchester    Maternal and environmental factors and the development of Pakistani children (6-18 months)    S MAQBOOL
1995    PhD    Nottingham    Resource partitioning and productivity of perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry systems in India    F M MARSHALL
1995    PhD    Essex    Social factors shaping fertility behaviour in Pakistan    Rukhsana MASOOD    Dr Joan Busfield; Mr? Sullivan
1995    PhD    Kent    Toward an integral ecotheology relevant for India    MATHEW
1995    PhD    Edinburgh    Alexander Duff and the theological and philosophical background to the General Assembly’s mission in Calcutta to 1840    Ian Douglas MAXWELL    Prof A F Walls; Dr A C Ross
1995    PhD    London, SOAS    Tibet and the British Raj, 1904-47: the influence of the Indian political department officers    Alexander Colin McKAY    Dr P G Robb
1995    PhD    Cambridge, New Hall    The politics of nationalism: the cast of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh    A A MOHSIN    Mr G P Hawthorn
1995    PhD    Leicester    Media, state and political violence: the press construction of terrorism in the Indian Pubjab    Vipul MUDGAL    Anders Hansen
1995    PhD    Leicester    Media, state and political violence: the press construction of terrorism in the Indian Punjab    Vipul MUDGAL
1995    PhD    Manchester    An analysis of factors affecting farmers’ participation in two rice irrigation schemes in Sri Lanka    S H MUDIYANSELAGE
1995    PhD    Edinburgh    Evolution of the early Himalayan Foreland Basin in North West India and its relationship to orogenesis    Y M R NAJMAN
1995    PhD    Lancaster    The Mills and Boon memsahibs: women’s romantic Indian fiction, 1877-1947    Dominic OMISSI    Prof J M MacKenzie
1995    PhD    Surrey    Consumption, fiscal policy and endogenous growth: the case of India    I PATNAIK
1995    PhD    Durham    A theological reappraisal of the mission of the Christian church in Tamilnadu in the light of the challenge presented by the Dravida Kazhagam Movement (a secular humanistic)movement    R PAULRAJ
1995    PhD    Bradford    A cointegration analysis of money demand in a developing country: a case study of Pakistan    A QAYYUM
1995    PhD    Edinburgh    A comparative study of native and Pakistani geology research articles    Mujib RAHMAN
1995    PhD    Newcastle    Eco-engineering prtactices in Malaysia    N RAHMAN
1995    PhD    Edinburgh    Activating vs. resetting functional categories in second language acquisition: the acquisition of AGR and TNS in English by Sinhalese first language speakers    Hemamala Vajira RATWATTE
1995    PhD    Edinburgh    George Orwell, the BBC and India: a critical study    Abha S RODRIGUES    Mr G D Carnell; Dr R C Craig
1995    PhD    London, LSE    Socio-cultural changes in an Indian peasant society    Arild Engelsen RUUD    Dr J Harries
1995    PhD    London, UC    Public transport in Kuala Lumpur: a model based approach    A F SADULLAH
1995    MPhil    Loughborough    The macroeconomic impact of foreign capital inflows: a case study of Pakistan    T SAEED
1995    PhD    Strathclyde    The lessons from privatization experience for privatization in Pakistan: from public sector enterprises to monopolistic utilities    Mushtaq A SAJID
1995    PhD    Leicester    Mineralogy, geochemistry and possible industrial applications of illite-smectite rich clays from Karak, Northwestern Pakistan    Akhtar Ali SALEEMI
1995    PhD    Stirling    Small enterprise development in Bangladesh: a study of the nature and effectiveness of support services    J H SARDER
1995    PhD    Cambridge    Histological techniques for estimating age at death from human bone:an Indian case study    A SAXENA
1995    MPhil    Newcastle    An analysis of prices and marketing margins for potatoes and onions in Pakistan    S SHAH
1995    MPhil    Leeds    The development of an environmentally sensitive information system in the water industry in Bangladesh    Mohammad Taslim Uddin SHARIF    Prof T Moizer
1995    PhD    Open    A comparative study of Milton Keynes (UK)and Islamabad (Pakistan)    M I H SIDDIQI    Mr R Thomas; Mr J B Harison
1995    PhD    Newcastle    The reproductive biology and histology of three species of sceractinian corals from the Republic of Maldives, India Ocean    C J SIER
1995    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Economic evaluation of agroforestry, forestry and agriculture projects in Orissa, India: with particular reference to financial profitability and basic needs fulfilment    Jitendra Prasad SINGH    Mr T H Thomas
1995    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre    The impact of migration, environment and economic conditions on the biological growth and physique of Sikhs    Lakhwinder P SINGH    Prof G A Harrison
1995    PhD    London, Inst Ed    Design and standardisation of a developmental test for Indian children: the Indian picture puzzle test    R SINGHANIA
1995    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    The stylistic development of the sculpture of Kashmir    John E C SIUDMAK    Mr G J S Sanderson
1995    MPhil    London, LSE    Auctioning the dreams: economy, community and philanthropy in a North Indian city    Roger Graham SMEDLEY    Dr C Fuller; Dr J P Parry
1995    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    The stylistic development of the sculpture of Kashmir    J E C SUIDMAK
1995    PhD    Lancaster    I see all the gods in your body: a study of religious doctrine in the Mahabharata    N SUTTON
1995    PhD    Sussex    Utilisation of industrial R & D findings in Malaysia: a case study of selected public research institutions, universities and industry    K THIRUCHELVAM
1995    PhD    Middlesex     A regional power : United States policy in the Indian Ocean and the definition of national security, 1978-1980    Paul TODD    T Putnam; Prof F Halliday
1995    PhD    London, LSE    Sacred grove (kaavu): ancestral land of “landless agricultural labourers” in Kerala, India    Yasushi UCHIYAMADA    Dr C Fuller
1995    PhD    East Anglia    Employment and the small enterprise economy in India: an inquiry into its growth and significance for development    Nalini VITTAL
1995    PhD    Edinburgh    Social control and deviance in Edinburgh’s Pakistani community    Abdul Ali WARDAK
1995    MLitt    Aberdeen    From Banff to Bengal and beyond: the list, travel and writings of a remarkable north-east loon: Robert Wilson, M D. (1787-1871)    Thelma G WATT    Prof R Bridges
1995    phD    Edinburgh    Environmental effects on the growth of broad-leaved trees introduced under pine stands in Sri Lanka    N D R WEERAWARDANE
1995    DPhil    Oxford, Magdalen    Manufactured exports, outward-orientation, and the acquisition of technological capabilities in Sri Lanka, 1997-1989    Ganeshan WIGNARAJA    Dr S Lall
1995    PhD    Birmingham    A study of recent conversion to and from Christianity in the Tamil area of South India    A D C WINGATE
1995    PhD    Bradford    The economic impact of temporary migrant workers remittances on the Pakistan economy: estimates from a macro economic model    K U ZAMAN
1996    MLitt    Oxford, Exeter    The women’s movement in Pakistan in the 1980s and 1990s    Nilofer AFRIDI-QAZI    Dr M W Lau
1996    PhD    Leicester    Paleoenvironments, diagenesis and geochemical studies of the Dungan formation (Palaocene)eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan    Nazir AHMAD
1996    PhD    Sheffield    A study of changes occurring in valuable aspects ofthe built environment of the core areas of historic settlements in Pakistan    T AHMAD    A Craven
1996    PhD    Open    Approaches to bioclimatic urban design for the tropics with special reference to Dhaka, Bangladesh    K S AHMED
1996    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre    Oral traditions in Ladakh    Monisha AHMED    Dr R Barnes Dr N J Allen
1996    PhD    London, RHBNC    The emergence of Muslim feminism in South Asia, 1920-1960    Azra Asghar ALI    Prof F R C Robinson
1996    MPhil    Liverpool    Molecular epidemiology of human and environmental enterobacteriaceae in rural Bangladesh    K S ANWAR
1996    DPhil    Sussex    The spread of technology and the level of development: a comparative study of steel mills using electric arc furnace technology in India and Britain    S S ATHREYE
1996    PhD    Londond, SOAS    A garland of razors: the life of a traditional musician in contemporary Pakistan    Khalid Manzoor BASRA
1996    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Bharat versus India: peasant politics and rural-urban relations in North West India    M J R BENTALL    Dr S E Corbridge
1996    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    Four essays on the labour market in India    Sonia R BHALOTRA    Prof S J Nickell
1996    MPhil    York    Women writing India: a study of prose fiction by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Nayantara Sahgal and Sashi Deshpanda    Shivani BHARGAVA    Dr Joe Bristow
1996    PhD    London, SOAS    A necessary weapon of war: state policies towards propaganda and information in Eastern India, 1939-1945    Sanjoy BHATTACHARYA    Dr P G Robb
1996    PhD    Birmingham    Rich pickings ? the political economy of solid waste management in Calcutta, India    A BOSE    I C Blore
1996    PhD    Glasgow    Cultural strategies of young women of south Asian origin in Glasgow, with special reference to health    H BRADBY
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    European authority and caste disputes in South India, 1650-1850    N BRIMNES    Prof C A Bayly
1996    PhD    London, SOAS    Contemporary uses of Vastu Vidya, the traditional Indian knowledge of architecture    Vibhuti CHAKRABARTI    Dr Giles Tillotson
1996    PhD    Strathclyde    Waterlogging and salinity in the Sukkur region of Sindh: causes and remedies    Mohammed Nawaz CHAND    Prof A I Clunies Ross
1996    PhD    London, SOAS    Slavery and the household in Bengal, 1770-1880    Indrani CHATTERJEE    Prof D J Arnold

1996    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    A comparative analysis of centre-local relations in government with special reference to Pakistan and Britain    Ishtiaq Ahmed CHOUDHRY
1996    PhD    Dundee    Audit expectations gap in the public sector of Bangladesh    R R CHOWDHURY
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Gujjars in Garhwal – parallel lives: situational identity and exchange    B DALAL    Dr C Humphrey
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    The Europeans of Calcutta, 1858-1883    Damayanti DATTA    Prof C A Bayley
1996    MPhil    Reading    The effectiveness of different radio programme formats for the dissemination of information on safe use of insecticides in paddy cultivation in Mahaweli system C in Sri Lanka    N DE SILVA
1996    PhD    Cranfield    Estimating groundwater recharge with limited resources with special emphasis on spatial variability: a study in the dry zone of Sri Lanka    Roshan Priyantha DE SILVA    R C Carter
1996    PhD    London, LSE    Religion and nationalism in India: the case of Punjab, 1960-1990    Harnick DEOL    Prof A Smith
1996    MPhil    London, SOAS    Love and mysticism in the Punjabi Qissas of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries    Jeevan Singh DEOL    Prof C Shackle
1996    PhD    Lancaster    The development of Bhuddist monastic education in Sri Lanka with special reference to the modern period    Naimbala DHAMMADASSI    Prof G Samuel; Dr H Kawanami
1996    PhD    Strathclyde    Solar-based technology for crop drying in Pakistan    M G DOUGGAR
1996    PhD    Lancaster    Touring the Taj: tourist practices and narratives at the Taj Mahal and in Agra    T EDENSOR
1996    PhD    London    Indian music and the west: a critical history    GJ FARRELL
1996    PhD    Hull    Standarisation versus adaptation of marketing strategies: British multinationals in Pakistan    G GHOUS
1996    PhD    Hull    The religious and political thought of Swami Vivekananda    A HARILELA
1996    PhD    Leicester    Cross cultural interpretatioins of television: a phenomenonological hermeneutic enquiry [India]    Ramaswami HARINDRANATH    Mr R Dickinson
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    Pre-cursors to post-colonialism : Leonard Woolf, E. J. Thompson, and E. M. Forster and the rhetoric of English India    R B P HARRISON    Prof J B Beer
1996    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Farmers’ knowledge and the development of complex agroforestry practices in Sri Lanka    H HITINAYAKE
1996    PhD    Aberdeen    Effects of periodic drought on Acacia magum Willd. and Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth growing on sand tailings in Malaysia    A L HOE
1996    DPhil    Sussex    Replacing market with government: the Indian experience in credit control    R KOHLI
1996    DPhil    Oxford, Wadham    Indian civil servants, 1892-1937: an age of transition    Takehiko HONDA    Prof J M Brown; Dr M C Curthoys
1996    PhD    London, SOAS    Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, 1880-1932: the status of Muslim women in Bengal    H Y HOSSAIN
1996    PhD    East London    Born to be wed: Bangladeshi women and the Muslim marriage contract    Shahnaz HUDA    Dr K Green; Ms A Stewart
1996    PhD    Manchester    Social, psychological and economic factors in the growth of a small firm: a study of the small scale furniture and footwear firms in Pakistan    S A HUSSAIN
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Jesus    Fluvial sedimentology of the Kamial Formation (Miocene)Himalayan Foreland, Pakistan    J A HUTT    Dr P F Friend
1996    DPhil    York    Development through conservation: a sustainable development strategy with special reference to a heritage zone in Madras    R V ISIAH
1996    PhD    Reading    Improvement of Erythrina variegata L.: a multipurpose fast growing tree species in Bangladesh    S ISLAM
1996    PhD    East Anglia    Constraints to the adoption of modern rice varieties during the Aman season in Bangladesh    Md Abdul JABBER    Dr Richard Palmer-Jones
1996    PhD    London, UC    Modern agricultural production and the environment: the case of wheat production in the Indian Punjab, 1971-1988    Amballur Jospeh JAMES
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    Agro-ecological knowledges and forest managment in the Jharkhand, India: tribal development or populist impasse ?    S L JEWITT    Dr T P Bayliss-Smit
1996    PhD    Glasgow    A study of human rights organizations and issues in India    M JHA
1996    PhD    London, UC    Early iron and steel in Sri Lanka: a study of the Samanalawewa area    G JULEFF
1996    PhD    London, LSHTM    Areal variations in use of modern contraceptives in rural Bangladesh    Nashid KAMAL    A Sloggett
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    A longitudinal anthropometric study of mother-infants pairs in Dhaka, Bangladesh    E KARIM
1996    PhD    Southampton    Development of dietary assessment methods for use in the South Asian community    N A KARIM
1996    DPhil    Oxford, St Edmund Hall    Capital market liberalization in Pakistan: 1980-1992    Bashir A KHAN    Mr C J Cowton
1996    PhD    Bradford    Public sector accounting and financial reporting oractices in Bangladesh    M A S KHAN
1996    PhD    Leicester    Genesis of stratabound scheelite and stratiform Pb-Zn mineralisation, Chitral, Northern Pakistan, and its comparison with South West England tin-tungsten deposits    Mohammad Zahid KHAN
1996    PhD    Wales, Swansea    A political economy of forest resource use: case studies of social forestry in Bangladesh    Niaz Ahmed KHAN    Prof A Rew
1996    PhD    Loughborough    An analysis of risk sharing in Islamic finance with reference to Pakistan    T KHAN
1996    PhD    Leeds    Central-local government relations in Pakistan since 1979    T KHAN    Dr Owen Hartley
1996    PhD    London, UC    Economic values of resource depreciation and environmental degradation in Bangladesh    Fahmida Akter KHATUN
1996    PhD    Warwick    Analysis of tariff and tax policies in Bangladesh: a computable general equilibrium approach    B H KHONDKER
1996    PhD    London, UC    Subsistence and petty-capitalist landlords: an enquiry into the petty commodity production of rental housing in low-income settlements in Madras, India    S KUMAR
1996    PhD    London, LSE    Civil-military relationships in British and independent India, 1918-1962, and coup prediction theory    Apurba KUNDU    Prof T J Nossiter
1996    PhD    London, King’s    Marketing and economic development: a case study of maize marketing in Mardan District, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan    Teshome LEMMA    R Black; M Byron; M E Frost
1996    PhD    London, Imperial    The effects of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on Pakistan wheat (“Triticum aestivum”l.)and rice (“Oryza sativa”L) cultivars    R MAGGS
1996    PhD    Keele    The European Community and South Asia: development, economic cooperation and trade policies with India, Bangladesh and Bhutan, 1973-1993    M MARWAHA    Christopher Brewin
1996    PhD    Hull    Corporate management styles of Malaysian parent companies in managing their local subsidiaries in the manufacturing sector    N A MAZELAN
1996    PhD    Cambridge    Fertility and frailty: demographic change and the health and status of Indian women    K McNAY
1996    MPhil    Leicester    Constraints to professionalism in Sri Lankan newspaper journalism    Mahim MENDIS    Anders Hansen
1996    PhD    Wales, Bangor    The ecology and management of traditional home gardens in Bangladesh    M MILLAT-E-MUSTAFA
1996    PhD    East London    Land reform and landlessness in Bangaldesh    M A MOMEN
1996    PhD    London, King’s    Passing it on: the army in India and the development of frontier warfare, 1849-1947    Timothy Robert MOREMAN    Prof B J Bond
1996    MPhil    London, SOAS    Legal and penal institutions within a middle class perspective in colonial Bengal, 1854-1910    Anindita MUKHOPADHYAY    Prof D J Arnold
1996    DPhil    Oxford    Space, class and rhetoric in Lahore    R McG MURPHY
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity     The crisis of the Burmese State and the foundations of British colonial rule in Upper Burma (1853-1900)    T MYINT-U    Prof C A Bayly
1996    PhD    Nottingham    Open distance learning aspects of adult basic educastion in the UK and their implications for Kerala (India)    Chandrasekharan NAIR-MADHAVEN    W J Morgan
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Chidambaram – city and people in the Tamil tradition    V NANDA    Dr F R Allchin
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Chidambaram: temple and city in the Tamil tradition    Vivek NANDA    Dr F R Allchin
1996    PhD    London, Inst Ed    Manpower planning in Pakistan: a study of its assumptions concerning the education-occupation relationship    H K NIAZI
1996    PhD    Southampton    Exploring a bottom up approach to networking for open learning in India    Asad Mohd NIZAM    Dr A P Hart
1996    MPhil    East Anglia    Contradictions of organisation: a case study of a rural development NGO in Rajasthan, India    Jane Elizabeth OLIVER
1996    PhD    Reading    Studies of black pepper (Piper nigrum L)virus disease in Sri Lanka    D PADMINI DE SILVA
1996    PhD    Sheffield    The role of small towns and intermediate cities in regional development in India    A PANNEERSELVAM    C L Chogull
1996    PhD    Birmingham    The word of God is not bound: the necounter of Sikhs and Christians in India and the United Kingdom    J M PARRY
1996    DPhil    Oxford, Green College    Regeneration and sucession following shifting cultivation of dry tropical deciduous forests of Sri Lanka    Gamaralalage A D PERERA    Dr N D Brown; Dr P S Savill
1996    PhD    London    Bureaucrats, development and decentralisation in India: the bureau-shaping model applied to Panchayati in Karnataka, 1987-1991    H J PERRY
1996    PhD    London, LSHTM    Linear growth retardation (stunting)in Sri Lankan children and the role of dietary calcium    Ambegoda Geekiyanage Damayanthi PIYADASA
1996    DPhil    Sussex    English studies and the articulation of the nation in India    P K PODDAR
1996    MPhil    REading    Village organisations and extension: a case study of Balochistan rural support programme    A R QAZI
1996    PhD    Cambridge    Lactational amenorrhoea, infant feeding patterns and behaviours in Bangladeshi women    M RAHMAN
1996    PhD    Cambridge    Relation between energetics, body composition and length of post-partum amenorrhoea in Bangladeshi women    M RASHID
1996    MPhil    Leicester    Thermobarometry of the garnet bearing rocks of the Jijal complex (western Himalayas, northern Pakistan)    Lucie RINGUETTE
1996    PhD    London, SOAS    The devotional poetry of Svami Haridasa    Ludmila Lupu ROSENSTEIN    Dr R Snell
1996    PhD    London, SOAS    Local perceptions of environmental change in a tropical coastal wetland: the case of Koggala Lagoon, Galle, Sri Lnaka    V N SAMARASEKARA
1996    PhD    Newcastle    The production of seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L)tubers from stem cuttings in Sri Lanka    P W S M SAMARASINGHE
1996    PhD    London, SOAS    Mangrove ecology in Sri Lanka    V SAMARESKARA    Prof P Stott
1996    PhD    London, King’s    Agrarian impacts on manufacturing expansion in the Indian Punjab    Jagpal Kaur SANGHA    Dr L Hoggart
1996    DPhil    York    A sociolinguistic study of Panjabi Hindus in Southall: language maintenance and shift    Mukul SAXENA    C Wallace
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Political alignments, the state and industrial policy in Pakistan: a comparison of performance in the 1960s and 1980s    A U SAYEED    Dr M H Khan
1996    PhD    Manchester    The role of agriculture in the Indian economy: an analysis using a general equilibrium model based on a social accounting matrix    Sabyasachi SEN    Prof D Colman; Dr A Ozanne
1996    PhD    London, SOAS    Famine, state and society in North India, c.1800-1840    Sanjay Kumar SHARMA    Dr P G Robb
1996    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Project appraisal under risk, threat and uncertainty: a case study of the afforestation project of Bihar, India    Devendra Kumar SHUKLA    Dr C Price
1996    PhD    London    Pakistan’s arms procurement decision-making    A SIDDIQA
1996    PhD    London, SOAS    Political prisoners in India, 1920-1977    Ujjwal Kumar SINGH    Dr Taylor
1996    PhD    Liverpool    Molecular and seroepidemiological studies of rotavirus from children in Bangladesh    S TABASSUM
1996    PhD    Beradford    Environmental education and distance teaching: a case study from Pakistan    F TAHIR
1996    MPhil    Liverpool John Moores    The demand for money in Pakistan: simple-sum versis Divisia    S M TARIQ
1996    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    Property rights and the issue of power: the case of inland fisheries in Bangladesh    Kazi Ali TOUFIQUE    Dr M H Khan
1996    MPhil    Open    Gender issues and social change: evaluating programme impact in rural Bangladesh    A M VAN SWINDEREN    Mr A Thomas
1996    PhD    Cranfield    The performance in public enterprises in a developing country: Sri Lanka’s experience in perspective    Tillaka S WEERAKOON    Prof Chris Brewster
1996    PhD    Reading    Evaluation of the effectiveness of radio and television in changing the knowledge and attitudes of cinnamon growers in Sri Lanka    J WEERASINGHE
1996    PhD    Manchester    Rationales of accounting controls in a developing context: a mode of production theory anaysis of two Sri Lankan case studies    D P WICKRAMASINGHE    Prof T Hopper
1996    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    Socialist development ? Economic and political change in rural West Bengal under the Left Front    G O WILLIAMS    Dr S Corbridge
1996    PhD    Bristol    The politics of caste in India with special reference to the Dalit Christian campaign for scheduled caste reservations    Andrew K J WYATT    Dr D Turner; Dr V Hewitt
1997    PhD    Stirling    Strategic planning and strategic awareness in small enterprise: a study of small engineering firms in Bangladesh    A F M ABDUL MOYEEN
1997    PhD    Loughborough    A strategy for managing brickwork in Sri Lanka    W V K M ABEYSEKERA    Dr A Thorpe
1997    PhD    East Anglia    Sex ratio imbalances in India: a disaggregated analysis    S B AGNIHOTRI
1997    PhD    Lancaster    Gender roles and fertility: a comparative analysis of women from Britain and Pakistan    S AHMAD
1997    PhD    Nottingham    Modelling the impact of agricultural policy at the farm level in the Punjab, Pakistan    Z AHMAD
1997    PhD    London, Imperial    Particulate air pollution and respiratory morbidity in New Delhi, India    S AKBAR
1997    PhD    East London    Keeping a wife at the end of a stick: law and wife abuse in Bangladesh    Nusrat AMEEN    Dr Kate Green; Ms N Lacey
1997    PhD    Birmingham    The generation of a tool for screening the early grammatical development of Bangla-speaking children and the potential useof this instrument in classes of hearing-impaired children    N ANAM
1997    PhD    Durham    A mission for India: Dr Ellen Farrer and India, 1891-1933    Imogen S ANDERSON    A J Heesom
1997    DPhil    Sussex    Changes in poverty and inequality in Pakistan during the period of structural adjustment (1987-88 to 1990-91)    T ANWAR
1997    PhD    Cranfield    Sustainable farming systems and the role of change agents: Moneragala District, Sri Lanka    J P ATAPATTU
1997    PhD    Edinburgh    Common property resource management in Haryana State, India: analysis of the impact of participation in the management of common property resources and the relative effectiveness of common property regimes    Pasumarthy Venkata Subhash Chandra BABU
1997    MPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    Recognising minorities: a study of some aspects of the Indian Constituent Assembly debates, 1946-1949    Rochana BAJPAI    Dr N Gooptu; Prof M S Freeden
1997    PhD    London, SOAS    The transformation of domesticity as an ideology: Calcutta, 1880-1947    Sudeshna BANERJEE    Prof D J Arnold
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Decentralising forest management in India: the case of Van Panchayats in Kumaun    P C BAUMANN    Mr G P Hawthorn
1997    PhD    London, LSE    Households, livelihoods and the urban environmental social development perspectives on solid waste management in Faisalabad, Pakistan    J D BEALL
1997    PhD    London, SOAS    Tribe and state in Waziristan, 1849-83    Hugh BEATTIE    Prof M E Yapp
1997    DPhil    Sussex    A study of small-scale community tank irrigation systems in the dry zone of Sri Lanka    Saleha BEGUM    Dr M Moore
1997    PhD    Aberdeen    The “empire of the raj:” conflict and cooperation with Britain over the shape and function of the Indian sphere in Eastern Africa and the Middle East, 1850s-1930s    Robert J BLYTH    Prof R C Bridges; Ms Rosemary M Tyzack
1997    PhD    Manchester    Comparative human resource managment: a cross national study of India and Britain    P S BUDHWAR
1997    PhD    Wales, Lampeter    Decision making and idjtihad in Islamic environments: a comparative study of Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore and the United Kingdom    G L R BUNT
1997    DPhil    Oxford, St Hilda’s    A history of the trade to South Asia of Macmillan   Co and Oxford University Press, 1875-1900    Rimi B CHATTERJEE    Mr M Turner; Mr L W St Clair
1997    PhD    East Anglia    Innovation paths in developing country agriculture: true potato seed in India, Egypt and Indonesia    a CHILVER
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    From nabob to sahib: the construction of the British body in India, c.1800-1914    Elizabeth M COLLINGHAM    Prof C A Bayley
1997    PhD    London, UC    Of moths and candle flames: the aesthetics of fertility and childbearing in the Northern areas of Pakistan    Teresa Mary Helen COLLINS    Dr N Redclift; Dr Murray Last
1997    PhD    London, UC    Environmental aspects of industrial location policy in India    Mala DAMODARAN
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Pembroke    A comparative analysis of sharecropping and mudaraba business in Pakistan: a study of PLS in the context of the new theory of the firm    M H A DAR    Dr A M M McFarquhar
1997    PhD    Open    Multiple realities, multiple meanings: a reception analysis of television and nationhood in India    S DAS
1997    PhD    Portsmouth    Control of mycotoxins in major food commodities in Bangladesh    M DAWLATANA
1997    PhD    Liverpool    Evidence based decision making and managerial chaos in population displacement emergencies: a case study of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, 1992-93    P M DISKETT
1997    PhD    Hull    An investigation into effective management structure for tuna resources in the West Indian Ocean    EDALY
1997    PhD    London, External    Parasitical clinical and sero-epidemiological studies of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh    Md A EL-MASUM
1997    PhD    Manchester    Production, consumption and labour supply linkages of farm households in the rice-wheat zone of Punjab, Pakistan    U FAROOQ
1997    PhD    Aberdeen    An economic analysis of factors affecting the adoption of coconut-based intercropping systems in Sri Lanka    M T N FERNANDO
1997    PhD    Edinburgh    Varieties of pilgrimage experience: religious journeying in central Kerala    Alexander David Hanson GATH
1997    PhD    Warwick    Against purity, identity, Western feminism and Indian complications    I GEDALOF
1997    PhD    Oxford Brookes    Spatial setting for household income generation: The case of intermediate sized cities, Bangladesh    Shayer GHAFUR
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Clare    Literature, language and print in Bengal, c.1780-1900    Anindita GHOSH    Dr R O’Hanlon
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Conservation ecology of primates and human impact in North East India    A K GUPTA    Dr D J Chivers
1997    DPhil    Oxford, New College    The monetary system of Mughal India    Syed N HAIDER    Dr D A Washbrook
1997    PhD    London    Diet, exercise and CHD risk: a comparison of children in the UK and Pakistan    Rubina HAKEEM
1997    PhD    London, LSE    India’s information technology industry: adapting to globalisation and policy change in the 1990s    Gopalakrishnan HARINDRANATH
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    State and local power relations in the towns of Gujerat, Surat and Cambray, c.1572-1740    F HASAN    Dr G Johnson
1997    PhD    Exeter    The organisation, development and management of the population training programmes: a case study in Bangladesh    Md Akhter HOSSAIN    Dr A Ankomah;  C Allison
1997    PhD    Reading    Involving women in the process of rural development: a project case study from Balochistan, Pakistan    U HUBNERR
1997    MPhil    London, Goldsmith’s    Significant other: Anglo Indian female authors, 1880-1914    Karyn Marie HUENEMANN    Dr B Moore-Gilbert
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Queens’    Public housing in Hong Kong    E C M HUI    Dr B J Pearce
1997    PhD    East London    Law as a site of resistance: recourse to the law by “garments women” in Bangladesh    Farmin ISLAM    Dr Hilary Lim; Prof J Cooper
1997    PhD    Middlesex    The impact of flooding and methods of assessment in urban areas of Bangladesh    K N ISLAM
1997    DPhil    Sussex    Democratic adjustment: explaining the political sustainability of economic reform in India     Robert S JENKINS    Prof J Manor
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    Labour and nationalism in Sholapur: conflict, confrontation and control in a Deccan city, Western India, 1918-39    M N KAMAT    Dr R S Chandavakar
1997    PhD    London, LSE    Political communication in India    Kavita KARAN    Prof T J Nossiter
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    The social history of the Rajput clans in colonial North India circa 1800-1900    Malavika KASTURI    Prof C A Bayley
1997    PhD    Aberdeen    Sustainability of small-holder sugar cane based production systems in Sri Lanka    Adhikari P KEERTHIPALA
1997    PhD    Manchester    The market for local capital for small firms in Bangladesh: loan evaluation, monitoring and contracting practices    Mohammed Hassanul Abedin KHAN    P Taylor
1997    PhD    Reading    Improving precision of agricultural field experiments in Pakistan    M I KHAN
1997    PhD    London, Wye    The mango production and marketing system in Sindh Pakistan: constraints and opprtunities    A M KHUSHK
1997    PhD    Aberdeen    Factors influencing adoption of farm level tree planting in social forestry in Orissa, India    A K MAHAPATRA
1997    PhD    Bradford    The quality of higher education in Pakistan: an exploration into the quality of curriculum taught in the universities    M J MALIK
1997    PhD    Surrey    Management consultancies in developing countries: strategies for a competetive era – the case of Pakistan    S H MALLICK
1997    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Non-seccessionist regionalism in India: the demand for a separate state of Uttarakhand    E E MAWDSLEY    Dr S E Corbridge
1997    PhD    Cambridge    Sadhana and salvation: soteriology in Ramanuja and John Wesley    P R MEADOWS
1997    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    The unit head nurse in Pakistani hospitals: current and desired levels of practice    G P MILLER
1997    PhD    Edinburgh    The lunatic asylum in British India, 1857-1880: colonialism, medicine and power    James Henry MILLS    Dr C N Bates; Dr P J Bailey
1997    PhD    London, SOAS    The making of a cultural identity: language, literature and gender in Orissa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries    Pragati MOHAPATRA    Dr P G Robb
1997    PhD    Leicester    Conceptualising post-colonial policing: an analysis and application of policing public order    S C MUKHOPADHYAY
1997    DPhil    Sussex    Small firm industrial districts in Pakistan    Khalid M NADVI    Dr H Schmitz
1997    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    British and American Army counterinsurgency learning during the Malaysian emergency and the Vietnam War    J A M NAGL
1997    PhD    London, External    Constitutional breakdown and the judiciary in Pakistan    M F NASEEM
1997    PhD    Sheffield    The external environment of housing in the third world: sustainability and user satisfaction in planned and unplanned low-income housing in Lahore, Pakistan    N NAZ
1997    PhD    London, UC    Dynamics of urban spatial and formal changes of old Dhaka: a developmental influence on a historical city of the Third World    Farida NILUFAR    Alan Penn
1997    PhD    London, SOAS    The Hindi public sphere, 1920-1940    Francesca ORSINI    Dr A S Kalsi
1997    PhD    London, InstChild Health    Iodine deficiency in the Northern Pujab of Pakistan    M POULTON
1997    PhD    REading    Studies on weed management during early establishment of tea in low-country of Sri Lanka    K G PREMATILAKA
1997    PhD    Reading    The effect of defoliation of vetch, barley and their mixtures on forage yield, quality and residual effects on succeeding crops in the rainfed areas of Pakistan    I A QAMAR
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Lucy     Shifting culture in the global terrain: cultural identity constructions amongst British Hindu Punjabis    D S RAJ    Dr S N Bensen
1997    PhD    Manchester    The rural poor and technological change: an enquiry into agricultural extention in Sri Lanka    T T RANASINGHE    Dr J Mullen
1997    PhD    Bradford    Environmental education and agricultural education in Pakistan    G RASUL
1997    PhD    London, SOAS    Social history of North Bengal, c.1870-1949    Rubhajyoti RAY    Dr P G Robb
1997    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    Indian elites, urban space and the restructuring of Ahmedabad city, 1890-1947    Siddhartha RAYCHAUDHURI    Prof C A Bayly
1997    PhD    City    Military rule and the media: a study of Bangladesh     REZWAN-UL-ALAM
1997    PhD    London, LSE    The Kalbelias of Rajasthan: Jogi Nath snake charmers, an ethnography    Miriam ROBERTSON    Dr J Parry; Dr J Woodburn
1997    MPhil    Open    The role of caste in prostitution: culture and violence in the life histories of prostitutes in India    M R ROZARIO
1997    PhD    Hull    A socio-economic assessment of collective choices in the coastal trawl fishery of Malaysia    K H SALIM
1997    PhD    London, LSHTM    Contraception following birth in Bangladesh    S M SALWAY    Prof J Cleland
1997    PhD    Nottingham    People’s participation in community development and community work activities: a case study in a planned village settlement in Malaysia    Asnarulkhadi Abu SAMAH
1997    PhD    Bristol    A basket of resources: women’s resistence to domestic violence in Calcutta    P SEN
1997    MPhil    Reading    Evaluation of adoption levels of innovations in coffee in relation to technology transfer process in the Central Province of Sri Lanka    M A P K SENEVIRATNE
1997    PhD    Kent    Choice and collection of agricultural survey data in Punjab and its use in planning improved food supply    Javid SHABBIR    Mr G M Clarke
1997    DPhil    Sussex    Participatory village resource management: case study of Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP), India    Parmesh SHAH    Dr M T Howes
1997    PhD    London, SOAS    The formation of the Indo-European telegraph line: Britain, the Ottoman Empire and Persia, 1855-1865    Sulieman SHAHVAR    R M Burrell
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Emmanuel    The development of an Indian nuclear doctrine since 1980    W P S SIDHU    Dr I Clark
1997    PhD    Leeds    Gender and nation in selected contemporary writing from Sri Lanka, India and Pakistan    N M S SILVA
1997    PhD    York    Changing attitudes to design with nature: the urban Indian context    P SINGH
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Emmanuel    Pollution and environmental policy in the Ganga Basin: a case study of heavy metal pollution by tanneries near Kanpur, India    S SINHA    Dr K S Richards
1997    PhD    East Anglia    Framing the nation: languages of “modernity” in India    Ajanta SIRCAR
1997    PhD    London, UC    Islamic anthropology and religious practice among Muslims in a southern Sri Lankan town    Llyn Frances SMITH    Prof B Kapferer
1997    PhD    Sussex    The formal and informal sector of solid waste management in Hyderabad, India    Marielle SNEL    Dr T Binns
1997    PhD    London, UC    Urban development and the information technology industry: a study of Bangalore, India    Sampath SRINIVAS    Ms Julie Davila
1997    PhD    London    Land policies in Delhi: their contribution to unauthorised land development    K SRIRANGAN
1997    PhD    Southampton    Coronary heart disease, diabetes, serum lipid concentrations and lung function in relation to fetal growth in South India    C E STEIN
1997    PhD    Open    The involvement of the Church of Pakistan in development    P SULTAN
1997    PhD    Salford    Off-farm activities in India: a case stury of rural househlds in Rurka Kalan Development Block, Punjab, c. 1961-1993    S S SUPRI
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Robinson    Gandhara art in the Swat Valley, Pakistan: a study based on the Peshawar University collection    M F SWATI    Dr J R Knox
1997    PhD    Reading    The compound verb in Assamese    J TAMULI
1997    MPhil    Newcastle    Socio-economic problems of second genertion settelrs in Mahaweli irigation settlement in Sri Lanka    T M P B TENNAKOON
1997    PhD    London, SOAS    The political economy of Burma    TIN MAUNG MAUNG THAN    Prof R Taylor
1997    PhD    Warwick    Reconstructing the history of women’s participation in the nationalist movement in India, 1905-1945: a study of women activitists inUttar Prqdesh    Suruchi THAPAR-BJORKERT    Dr C Wolkowitz; Ms Joanna Liddle
1997    PhD    London, LSE    Spiritual communities in India    Dimitrios THEODOSSOPOULOS    Dr P Loizos
1997    DPhil    Oxford, New    Rajput painting in Mewar    A S TOPSFIELD
1997    PhD    Manchester    The role of management control systems in privatisation: a labour process analysis of a Bangladeshi case study    S N UDDIN
1997    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    Distribution improving development policies for Bangladesh: applying the equilibrium framework    W J A VAN DER GEEST    Prof D M G Newbery
1997    MPhil    City    Women, gender and news values: a case study of Bangladesh    F R VEENA
1997    PhD    Kingston    Miocene-aged extension within the main mantle thrust zone, Pakistan Himalaya    K J VINCE    Dr P Treloar; Dr J Grocott
1997    PhD    London, SOAS    The development of Siraiki language in Pakistan    M A WAGHA
1997    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    Worth its weight: gold, women and value in North West India    H WARD    Dr C Humphrey
1997    PhD    London, Birkbeck    Colonialism and culture in nineteenth century British India    Caroline L WEAVER
1997    PhD    Cambridge    Hedgerow intercropping for soil improvement in Sri Lanka    S M WEERASINGHE
1997    PhD    London, LSHTM    Control of anopheline vectors in a gem mining area in Sri Lanka    A M G M YAPABANDARA
1998    PhD    Liverpool    Malaria and malarial control in Jeli Peninsular Malaysia    M R ABDULLAH
1998    PhD    Reading    The management practices and organisational culture of large Malaysian construction contractors    R ABU BAKER
1998    MPhil    Aberdeen    The determination of sheep and goat prices in the markets of Balochistan – Pakistan    M AFZAL
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Litigating in the name of the people: stresses and strains of the development of public interest litigation in Bangladesh    Naim AHMED
1998    PhD    London, UC    An approach for the prevention of thalassaemia in Pakistan    S AHMED
1998    PhD    Leeds    Foreign direct investment in Pakistan    M AKHTAR    Hugo Radice
1998    PhD    Durham    Water rationality: mediating the Indus Waters Treaty    U Z ALAM    Dr J D Rigg
1998    PhD    Bath    Fish consumption behaviour in Bangladesh    Zulfiqar ALI    Prof Chris Heady; Dr J A McGregor
1998    DPhil    Oxford    Operationalizing Amartya Sen’s capability approach to human development: a framework for identifying valuable capabilities    Sabina ALKIRE
1998    PhD    Reading    The impact of Anand Pattern Cooperative Societies on the status of women in dairying households in Kerala, India    S S ANIL
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    The politics of time: “primitives” and the writing of history in colonial Bengal    Prathama BANERJEE    Prof D J Arnold
1998    PhD    Bristol    Scripture as empowerment for liberation and justice: the experience of Christian and Muslim women in Bangaldesh    Mukti BARTON    Prof U King
1998    PhD    Nottingham    The protection of human rights in Islamic Republic of Pakistan with special reference to Islamic Shari’ah under 1973 Constitution    A H BOKHARI
1998    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    A comparison of vocational schools and industrial training institutes in Malaysia    A BRAHIM
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    The Nayak temple complex: architecture and ritual in southern Tamilnadu, 1550-1700    Crispin Peter C BRANFOOT    Dr G Tillotson
1998    PhD    Bristol    Studies in early Indian Madhyamaka epistemology    David F BURTON    Dr P Williams; Dr R Gethin
1998    PhD    Cambridge    Agency, animacy and personification in “A passage to India”    R BUZZA
1998    MPhil    Birmingham    Identifying the requirements of a parent education programme for the primary prevention of child physical abuse in the Indian State of Maharashtra    M CAESAR
1998    PhD    Birmingham    Recent structural reforms in India: the role of the government    S CHATTERJEE
1998    PhD    Manchester    Gender implications of industrial reforms and adjustment in the manufacturing sector of Bangladesh    Salma  CHAUDHURI ZOHIR    Ms D Elson
1998    PhD    Wales, Swansea    Order and diversity: representing and assisting organisational learning in non government aid organisations [Bangladesh]    Richard J DAVIES    Prof A Rew
1998    PhD    Kent    Law, nation and cosmology in Sri Lanka: deconstruction and the failure of closure    B R DE SILVE WIJEYERATNE
1998    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Muslim women in colonial North India, c.1920-1947: politics, law and community identity    Karin A DEUTSCH    Dr R O’Hanlon
1998    PhD    Bath    Factors influencing the growth of sustainable people’s organisations at grassroots level: the case of Caritas DEEDS and Sangathan in Bangladesh    Benedict D’ROZARIO
1998    PhD    Aberdeen    South Asia: a case study of a subordinate internaltional system approach with a speicla reference fo India’s security policy during the Cold War    B DUSADEEISARIYAWONG
1998    PhD    London    Childhood cataract in South India: aetiology, management and outcome    M B ECKSTEIN
1998    PhD    Leeds    Neighbourhood perceptiopns of health and the value placed on health care deliverers in the slums of Mumbai    Nick EMMEL    Dr Ray Bush; J Soussan
1998    PhD    Strathclyde    Patrick Geddes, education and society in colonial India    Michael EYRE    Prof B R Tomlinson
1998    PhD    London, LSE    Migrants to citizens: changing orientations among Bangladeshis of Tower Hamlets, London    K S GAVRON
1998    PhD    Bradford    Evaluating the performance of public infrastructure: the case of electric power and telecommications in Pakistan    A G GHAFOOR
1998    PhD    Bradford    Budget deficits and the economy: the macro-economic effects of budget deficits in Sri Lanka, 1978-1996    Nandana Wijesiri GOONEWARDENA    Prof C Kirkpatrick; Mr Roland Clarke
1998    MPhil    Bradford    An assessment of the survival of dairy residues associated with archaeological and ethnographic ceramics: GC and GC/MS analysis of lipid residues extracted from archaeological (Bronze Age Harappa)and ethnographic (modern Pakistan and India)ceramic vessels    S M GRAYSON
1998    PhD    Southampton    Household structure, health and mortality in three Indian states    Paula L GRIFFITHS    Dr P Hinde
1998    PhD    London, Goldsmiths    Local politics in the Suru Valley of northern India    Nicola GRIST    Dr Sophie Day
1998    PhD    London, LSHTM    The impact of peer counsellers on breast feeding practices in Dhaka, Bangladesh    Rukhsana HAIDER

1998    PhD    Oxford Brookes    Spatial setting of manufacturing activities in the metropolitan cities of developing countries: the example of Dhaka, Bangladesh    Mahmudul HASAN
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Jesus    The Hindu Kush of Pakistan: mountain range evolution from an active margin to continent-continent collision    P R HILDEBRAND    Prof J F Dewe; Dr M P Searle
1998    PhD    London, Institute of Child Health    Iodine nutrition, cognition and school achievement of Bangladeshi schoolchildren    S N HUDA
1998    PhD    Open    Education as a missionary tool: a study in Christian missionary education by English Protestant missionaries in India with special reference to cultural change    J C INGLEBY
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Urban planning in new Bombay: physical and socio-economic growth and development of a counter-magnet in India    Alain JAQUEMIN
1998    PhD    Open    A critical and comparative study of the relationship between missionary strategy, Dalit consciousness and socio-economic transformation in the missionary work by SPG among the Nadar and Paraiya communities of Tirunelveli District between 1830 and 1930    S JAYAKUMAR
1998    PhD    Birmingham    Portfolio behaviour ofIslamic banks: case studies for Pakistan, 1974-1994, and Iran, 1984-1994    K A A KAGIGI
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Performative politics: artworks, festival praxis and nationalism with reference to Ganipatil Utsav in western India    Raminder Kaur KAHLON    Dr C Pinney
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    The Vishnu Hindu Parishad in the rise of Hindu militancy in India    Manjari KATJA    Dr Taylor
1998    PhD    Bradford    Foreign aid as a determinant of health expenditure, life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate in Pakistan, 1971-1990    S G H KAZMI
1998    PhD    Reading    Farmers’ objectives and the choice of new crops in the irrigated farming systems of Pakistan’s Punjab    M A KHAN
1998    PhD    Reading    Improving the potential for adoption of agricultural technology through enhanced use of the mass media and the religious community in disadvantaged environments in Pakistan    N KHAN
1998    MPhil    Salford    Pakistan’s and international textile and clothing trade regime    S M KHAN
1998    MPhil    Manchester    Women’s access to credit and gender relations in Bangladesh    Mubina KHONDKAR    Dr D Hulme; Dr U Kothari
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Politics of mass literacy in India; a case study of two North Indian villaages under the “Total Literacy” campaign (198-1995)    Ajay KUMAR    Dr S Kaviraj
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Contesting seclusion: the political emergence of Muslim women in Bhopal, 1901-1930    Siobhan LAMBERT-HURLEY    Dr A A Powell
1998    PhD    Cambridge, Clare    Prosodic prominence in Singapore English    E L LOW    Dr F J D Nolan
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Pativratas and Kupattis: gender, caste and identity in Punjab, 1870-1920    Anshu MALHOTRA    Dr A A Powell
1998    PhD    Warwick    Modelling macroeconomic adjustment with growth in developing economies: the case of India    Sushanta Kumar MALLICK
1998    PhD    London, UC    Religion, ritual and the pantheon amongst the Sinhalese Buddhist traders of Kandy City, Sri Lanka    Desmond MALLIKARACHCHI    Prof Bruce Kapferer; Dr Danny Miller
1998    DPhil    Sussex    Rapid credit deepening and the joint liability of credit contract: a study of Grameen Bank borrowers in Madhupur    Imran MATIN
1998    PhD    Leeds    Spatial and temporal change in the caste system: the Punjab to Bradford    D J MEDWAY
1998    DPhil    Sussex    Contexts of scarcity: the political economy of water in Kutch, India    Lyla MEHTA    Dr M Greeley
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Popular princes: kingship and social change in Travancore and Cochin, 1870-1930    Vikram MENON    Prof J M Brown; Dr D A Washbrook
1998    PhD    Manchester    Perception of adolescent problems by form four malay students in Sarawak, Malaysia    Z MERAWI
1998    DPhil    Sussex    The peculiar mission of Christian womanhood: the selection and preparation of women missionaries of the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society, 1880-1920    Jennifer MORAWIECKI    C A Dyhouse; Prof P M Thane
1998    PhD    Dundee    Approaches to the integrated management of potato cyst nematode in Pakistan    A MUNIR
1998    PhD    Wales    A study of the relation between Christianity and Khasi-Jaintia culture, 1899-1969, with particular reference to the theology and practice of the Khasi-Jaintia Presbyterian Church    L MYLLIEMNGAP
1998    PhD    London, Wye    The pineapple industry in Sri Lanka: constraints and opportunities for its future development    Arumugam NAGENDRAM
1998    PhD    Southampton    Study of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert)of Bangladesh    N S NAHAR
1998    PhD    London, LSHTM    A study of policy process and implementation of the national tuberculosis programme India    Thelma NARAYAN
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    English in the colonial university and the politics of language: the emergence of a public sphere in western India, 1830-1880    Veena NAREGAL    Dr S Kaviraj
1998    PhD    Southampton    Women in Bangladesh: a study of the effects of garment factory work on control over income and autonomy    M H NEWBY
1998    MPhil    Oxford, Hertford    Homeward bound ? the influence of the national norm on voluntary repatriation on the construction of Indian refugee policy with reference to the Bangladeshi Jumma refugees and the Sri Lanka Tamil refugees    Pia A OBEROI
1998    PhD    Southampton    Theorising nuclear weapons proliferation: understanding the nuclear policies of India, South Africa, North Korea and Ukraine    T OGILVIE-WHITE
1998    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    Credit and women’s relative well-being: a case study of the Grameen Bank, Bangladesh    L N K OSMANI
1998    PhD    Warwick    Pakistani children in Oslo: Islamic nurture in a secular context    Sissel OSTBERG

1998    PhD    London, UC    Control of childhood epilepsy in rural India    D K PAL
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    The politics of development and identity in the Jharkhand Region of Bihar (India), 1951-1991    Amit PRAKASH
1998    PhD    Bristol    The Assam Movement and the construction of Assamese identity    G PRICE
1998    PhD    Lancaster    Social access to housing: a study of low-income settlements around the walled city of Amritsar, Punjab, India    N K PUREWAL
1998    PhD    Aberdeen    An analysis of beef and bovine marketing systems in Pothwar Plateau of Punjab, Pakistan    A H QURESHI
1998    PhD    Aberdeen    An analysis of beef and bovine marketing systems in Pothwar Plateau of Punjab, Pakistan    A H QURISHI
1998    PhD    Reading    The role of the migrant moneylenders in North East India: the Kabuliwallahs of Assam    S RAFIQUE
1998    MPhil    Newcastle    Integrated crop growth modelling system for Barind in Bangladesh    M S RAHMAN
1998    PhD    Kent    Socio legal status of Bengali women in Bangladesh: implications for development    S RAHMAN
1998    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Risk, store of wealth and land use choice: a socio-economic analysis of farmer adoption of woodlots in Karnataka, India    D RAVINDRAN
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Idealizing motherhood: the brahmanical discourse on women in ancient India (c500 BCE-300CE)    Ujjayini RAY    Dr I J Leslie
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    British women writers on India between the mid-eighteenth century and 1857    Rosemary A RAZA    Prof J M Brown; Mr J M Prest
1998    PhD    London, LSE    Organisational identification of managers in multinational corporations: a quantitative case study in India and Pakistan    C E W READE
1998    PhD    London, RHBNC    Intense weathering regimes of Deccan basalts    Jennifer Lesley REEVES    Dr J N Walsh
1998    PhD    Leeds    Sedimentology and dynamics of mega-dunes, Jamuna River, Bangladesh    Julie Elizabeth RODEN    Prof P Ashworth
1998    PhD    Newcastle    Owner-occupiers’ transformation of public low-cost housing in Peninsular Malaysia    Azizah SALIM    Dr A G Tipple
1998    PhD    Strathclyde    A study in inter-sectoral relations of linkages, trade and technology: the case of Bangladesh (an application of input-output analysis)    Mohammed SALIMULLAH    Prof I McNicoll
1998    PhD    Wales, Swansea    Contraband trade between Sri Lanka and India    M SARVATHAN    Mr J Whetton
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    The transitional state: Congress and government in Uttar Pradesh, India, 1947-1955    Suhit Kumar SEN    Dr P G Robb
1998    PhD    Manchester    Gender implications of economic reforms in the education sector in India-care of Haryana abd Madhya Pradesh    Manju SENAPATY    Ms D Elson
1998    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    The creation of religious identities in the Punjab, c,1850-1920    Anil SETHI    Prof C A Bayly
1998    PhD    Reading    Relative efficiency of crop production n the cotton-wheat cropping system of Pakistan’s Punjab    M SHAFIQ
1998    PhD    Nottingham    Educational management: an exploratory study of management roles and possibilities of management development at college level in AJK, Pakistan    Saeeda Jahan Ara SHAH    Dr M Parker-Jenkins; Dr M Griffiths
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Worcester    Muslim politics in the North West Frontier Province, 1937-1947    Sayed W A SHAH    Prof J M Brown
1998    PhD    Reading    Economic and non-economic factors that influence the adoption of no-tillage technologies at farm level in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat areas of Pakistana’s Punjab    A D SHEIKH
1998    PhD    Bradford    Project performance and the impact of official development assistance: aid to agricultural development in Pakistan    M K SHEIKH
1998    MLitt    Aberdeen    Selective evaluation of the cycle of women’s status through religious and social practices with special reference to Bengal    S K SIRKAR
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Transplanting liberal education: higher education in 19th century Bombay Presidency, India    Anne H E SLIWKA    Prof J M Brown
1998    MPhil    Newcastle    The  Permatent emergency shelter cum roofing unit for Bangladesh    David SORRILL    Dr A G Tipple
1998    PhD    Cambridge, Queens’    Colonialism and linguistic knowledge: John Gilchrist and the representation of Urdu in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries    R D STEADMAN-JONES    Dr V A Law
1998    PhD    London, LSHTM    Child work and school attendance in urban India    H TAYLOR    Prof I Timaeus; N Crook (SOAS)
1998    PhD    Edinburgh    Building Christianity on Indian foundations: the theological legacy of Brahmabandav Upadhyay (1861-1907)    Timothy Craig TENNENT
1998    PhD    Leeds    Homelands and the representation of cultural and political identity in selected South Asian texts, 1857 to the present    g f h TICKELL
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Between two civilisations: history and self representation of Bangladeshi Buddhism    Paola G TINTI    Prof R F Gombrich
1998    PhD    Kent    Readings in the works of Michael Ondaatje (1963-1982)    Monica TURCI    Prof C L Innes
1998    PhD    Queens, Belfast    Formal and de facto states of emergency: the Indian experience, 1947-1997    K S VENKATESWARAN
1998    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Studies on the biology and control of Tropilaelaps clareae: Asian parasitic brood mite in Apis mellifera colonies in Islamabad, Pakistan    Camphour E S WAGHCHOURE
1998    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Studies on the biology and control or Tropilaelaps clareae: Asian parasitic brood mites in Apis mellifera colonies in Islamabad, Pakistan    Elizabeth S WAGHCHOURE-CAMPHOR
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    India’s small scale industry policy: an evaluation and a case study    Trevor L WILLIAMS
1998    PhD    Aberdeen    Studies on weed populations in sugar cane in Sri Lanka    W R G WITHARAMA
1998    PhD    Strathclyde    Industrialization and economic growth: a case study of Bangladesh    A K M ZASHEEM UDDIN AHMED    Dr M M Huq
1998    PhD    Bristol    Sangathan: the pursuit of a Hindu ideal in colonial India: the idea of organisation in the emergence of Hindu nationalism, 1870-1930    John ZAVOS    Prof U King
1998    PhD    Ulster    Groundwater pollution and its environmental impact in Karachi Region (Pakistan)    A ZUBAIR
1999    PhD    London. LSE    Banking and debt recovery: a comparative study of the law and practice in India, Sri Lanka and Malaysia    Sonil G ABEYRATNE
1999    PhD    Oxford Brookes    A micro-level view of low-income rural housing in Bangaldesh    K I AHMED
1999    PhD    Cambridge    A political economy of industrial policy and development: a comparative study of Pakistan and Malaysia    A AKHLAQUE    Industrial productivity
1999    MPhil    Newcastle    An appraisal of processes of soil degradation in the Barind Tract, Bangladesh    S M M ALAM
1999    PhD    Leeds    Urban women in households and in the labour market under structural adjustment policy and programmes: a case study of Pakistani working women    K ALI
1999    DPhil    Oxford, Magdalen    Operationalising Amartya Sen’s capability approach: a framework for identifying valuable capabilities    S M ALKIRE    Prof F J Stewart; Prof J M Finnis
1999    PhD    Manchester    Economic reform in India since 1991 with particular reference to direct foreign investment and privatisation    Thanhkom ARUN    Prof F Nixson
1999    PhD    Hull    Opium and heroin production in Pakistan    A Z ASAD
1999    DPhil    York    Biodiversity and community ecology of mangrove plants, molluscs and crustaceans in two mangrove forests in Peninsular Malaysia in relation to local management practices    E C ASHTON
1999    PhD    Southampton    A multilevel model of the impact of health services on child mortality in Bangladesh    Michael Dennis ASHTON    Dr J McDdonald
1999    PhD    Southampton    Genetic diversity of jackfruit in Bangladesh and development of propagation methods    A K AZAD
1999    PhD    London, King’s    Nuclear weapons in the Indo-Pakistan conflict    Sanjay BADRI-MAHARAJ
1999    PhD    Leicester    The growth of farm firms through production,investment and capital formation in the rice-wheat zone of the Punjab Province of Pakistan    K A BAJWA
1999    PhD    Aberdeen    An economic analysis of farm household pluriactivity in Sri Lanka    G BALASURIYA
1999    DPhil    Oxford, St Cross    This work on Oriya literature and the Jagannath cult, 1866-1936: quest for identity    Subhakanta BEHERA    Dr F A Nizami
1999    PhD    London, UC    Structure of the DP in Bangla    Tanmoy BHATTACHARYA
1999    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    The politics of religious identity in South Asia in the late nineteenth century     Torkel BREKKE    Prof R F Gombrich
1999    MSc    Stirling    Investigations to the biology and ecology of an unidentified isopod affecting the CARE CAGES aquaculture programme, Bangladesh    P BULCOCK
1999    DPhil    Sussex    The global and the local in the post-colonial: popular music in Calcutta (1992-1997)    R CHAKRAVARTY
1999    PhD    London, SOAS    Change and continuity in Naqshbandi Sufism: Mujaddidi branch and its Hindu environment    T W P DAHNHARDT    Prof C Shackle
1999    PhD    Ulster    Traveller acts: a critical ethngraphy of backpacker India    K J DAVIDSON
1999    PhD    London , LSE    Tamil warps and wefts: an anthropological study of urban weavers in South India    Geert Raymond DE NEVE    Prof C Fuller; Prof J Parry
1999    PhD    London, Wye    Amelioration of the physical conditions of sandy soils with organic amendments under tropical conditions    S H S A DE SILVA
1999    PhD    Cambridge, Jesus    Youth, gender and community change: a case study of Bangladeshi students in an inner city    Eva DEBNATH    Dr M M Arnot
1999    PhD    Bath    One foot in each boat: the macro politics and micro sociology of NGOs in Bangladesh    Joseph DEVINE    Dr G D Wood; Dr A McGregor
1999    PhD    London, RHUL    The image of the prophet in Bengali Muslim piety, 1850-1950    Amit DEY    Prof F C R Robinson
1999    PhD    London, RHBNC    Images of the Prophet in Bengali Muslim piety, 1850-1950    Amit DEY    Prof F R C Robinson
1999    PhD    London, LSE    Women and gold: gender and urbanisation in comtemporary Bengal    Fentje Henrike DONNER    Dr J F Parry; Dr C Fuller
1999    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre    A study of the origin, evolution and role in society of a group of chiselled steel Hindu arms and armour from Southern India, c.1400-1800 A D    Robert F W ELGOOD    Dr Schuyler Jones

1999    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Caste, ethnicity and nation in the politics of the Muslims of Tamil Nadu, 1930-1967    S M A K FAKHRI    Dr R S Chandravarkar
1999    PhD    Cambridge, Selwyn    The ecology and behaviour of the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca Nemestrina Leonina)in Bangladesh    M M FEEROZ
1999    PhD    Wales    At the feet of the goddess: a comparative study of local goddess worship in Khurdapur, a village settlement in Orisssa and Cholavandan, a small town in Tamil Nadu    L F FOULSTON
1999    PhD    Leeds    Socio-economic changes in the peri-urban villages in Penang, Malaysia    Suriati GHAZALI    Dr D Preston
1999    PhD    London, SOAS    The dynamics of scientific culture under a colonial state: Western India, 1823-1880    Vaswati Bidhan Chandra GHOSH    Prof P G Robb
1999    PhD    Southampton    A passage from India: British women travelling home, 1915-1947    Georgina GOWANS
1999    PhD    London, External    Solid waste management: a case study of Delhi    V I GROVER
1999    PhD    Aberdeen    A study of factors influencing participation in joint forest management in the northwest Himalayas, India    H K GUPTA
1999    PhD     Southampton    British relations with the Marathas under the Wellesley regime     William A C HALLIWELL    Dr C M Woolgar
1999    PhD    Leeds    A corpus-based study of apposition in written Malay    H A HAROON
1999    PhD    London, UC    The vulnerability of the Dupi Tila Aquifer, Daka, Bangladesh    Muhammed Kamrul HASAN    Dr W G Burgess; Dr J Dottridge
1999    PhD    London, LSHTM    The prevalence of reproductive tract infections in rural Bangladesh    Sarah Jane HAWKES
1999    PhD    Warwick    The colonial city and the challenge of modernity: urban hegemonies and civic contestations in Bombay City, 1905-1925    H HAZAREESINGH
1999    PhD    Warwick    Gandhi and the Muslim question    Sandip HAZARIESINGH    Dr D A Washbrook
1999    PhD    London    Malaria in Afghan refugee communities in North-Western Pakistan: appropriate strategies for vector control and personal protection    S E HEWITT
1999    PhD    London, SOAS    Kings, things and courtly ideal in pre-colonial south India, 1500-1800    Jennifer Anne HOWES    Dr Giles Tillitson
1999    PhD    Cambridge, Clare    The Gujerati literati and the construction of a regional identity in the late 19th century    Riho ISAKA    Dr R S Chandavarkar
1999    DPhil    Sussex    The Grameen Bank: rhetoric and reality    Sanae ITO    Dr M T Greeley
1999    PhD    Stirling    Gender and management: factors affecting career advancement of women in the federal civil service of Pakistan    N JABEEN
1999    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    Hindu identity, nationalism and globalization    S R JACOBS
1999    PhD    Reading    Residual effect of phosphate fertiliser measured using the Olsen method in Pakistani soils    Shahid JAVID
1999    PhD    Edinburgh    When horizons darken: the process and experience of religious conversion among Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in London    A W JEBANESAN
1999    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    Press and Empire: the London press, government news management and India, c.1900-1922    Chandrika KAUL    Dr J G Darwin
1999    PhD    Edinburgh    Informal Islamic leadership in a Bangladeshi village    Jeffrey William John KEMP
1999    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    The economics of milk production and marketing in the development of Pakistan with special reference to Peshawar District    M KHAN
1999    PhD    Essex    Narratives of rise and fall: family, memory and mobility in Jaipur City    Ajay K KHANDELWAL    Prof P Thompson
1999    PhD    Durham    The provision of infrastructure services in Rohtak and Bhiwani Districts, Haryana, India, 1981-1998: a geographical analysis    N KUMAR
1999    PhD    Edinburgh    From people’s theatre to people’s Eucharist: resources from popular theatre for Eucharist reform in the Church of South India, Kerala State.    George KURUVILLA
1999    PhD    Nottingham    Spectrohistory: new historicism and beyond in Salman Rushdie’s novels    C-H LAI
1999    PhD    London, SOAS    Institutional and social change among the Muslims of Malabar, with special refernce to Calicut, 1870-1947    Lakshminarayayanapuram R S LAKSHMI    Dr Avril A Powell
1999    PhD    London, LSE    India’s relationship with the non-resident Indians, 1947-1996: a missed opportunity ?    Marie-Carine LALL
1999    PhD    London, SOAS    The Islamic marble carving and architecture of Cambay in Gujerat between 1200 and 1350: a collection of merits from difference sources    E A LAMBOURN
1999    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Science and related consciousness: a study of the response to modern science in colonial Bengal. c 1870-1930    John Bosco LOURDUSAMY    Dr D A Washbrook
1999    PhD    Manchester    Runoff modelling from large glacierised basins in the Karakoram Himalayas using remote sensing of the transient snowline    A LOWE
1999    MPhil    Edinburgh    The influence of light availability on attack by the mahogany shoot-borer (Hypsipyla rubusta Moore)in Sri Lanka    M R MAHROOF
1999    PhD    Kent    The interpretation of Islam and nationalism by the elite through the English language media in Pakistan    A L MAJOR
1999    PhD    Hull    Ethnicity and politics in the Kashmir Valley    I S MALIK
1999    PhD    London, LSHTM    Undernutrition and impaired functional ability amongst elderly slum dwellers in Mumbai, India    Mary C MANANDHAR
1999    PhD    East Anglia    Cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan: molecular characterisation, diagnostics and genetically engineered virus resistance    S MANSOOR
1999    PhD    Birmingham    Some historical responses to disability in South Asia and reflections on service provision, with focus on mental retardation in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, and some consideration of blindness    M MILES
1999    PhD    Kent    Sacred anthropology: a study of nondual conceptions of man in Hinduism and Christianity    J R MILNE
1999    PhD    Hull    Perception of Islam in Indian nationalist thought    A MISRA
1999    PhD    London, Inst Comm    The politics of privatisation in Bangladesh    Mobasser MONEM    Prof J Manor
1999    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    The Kisan world abd human rights: a displaced people of eastern India    Ranjit NAYAK    Dr K J Hart
1999    PhD    Salford    An analysius of information systems development across time and space: the case of outsourcing to Infia    Brian NICHOLSON
1999    MLitt    Oxford, St Anne’s    Shaikh Mohammad Abdulllah and the movement for Muslim female education in North India (1890-1945)    Farah NIZAMI    Prof J M Brown; Prof F Robinson
1999    DPhil    Oxford, Lincoln    India, parliament and the press under George III: a study of British attitudes towards the East India Company amd empire in the later 18th and early 19th centuries    Jeremy R OSBORN    Dr D A Washbrook
1999    DPhil    Oxford, Brasenose    Identity and institutions in ethnic conflict:the Muslims of Sri Lanka    Meghan L O’SULLIVAN    Dr N Gooptu
1999    PhD    Warwick    Labour and land rights of women in rural India with particular reference to Western Orissa    Reena PATEL
1999    PhD    Edinburgh    Legislating forests in colonial India, 1800-1880    Akhileshwar PATHAK
1999    DPhil    York    An environmental Leibenstein framework: population pressure, agricultural land use and and environmental change in Orissa (India)    Lopamudra PATNAIK    Prof C Perrings
1999    PhD    Edinburgh    Social and cultural processes of healing and rehabilitation in Sri Lanka    Abigail PENNY    Dr J Spencer
1999    PhD    City    Development and international business: an application to India    M RAMAN
1999    PhD    Liverpool    Fertility in Kerala: the impacts of social development policies and gender relations    Linda REICHENFELD    Prof R I Woods; Mr W T S Gould
1999    PhD    London     Paleoclimate of South Asia over the last 80 ka: luminescent ages of sediments from former glaciations in Nepal and Pakistan    B W M RICHARDS
1999    PhD    Nottingham    Fiscal response to foreign aid: applications to Pakistan and Costa Rica    S E RODRIGUEZ

2000    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    Religion and the economics of fertility in South India    S IYER
2000    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    Privatisation and equity: the case of Pakistan urban secondary schools    B R JAMIL
2000    PhD     Exeter    The Penjdeh crisis and its impact on the Great Game and the defence of India, 1885-1897     Robert A JOHNSON    Prof J Black
2000    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    The state and the political economy of industrial development in India: the automobile industry circa 1980-1996    Indraneel KARLEKAR    Dr S E Corbridge
2000    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Gender, identity and development among the Wakhi of northern Pakistan    Sabrina KASSAM-JAN    Dr D Parkes; Dr N J Allen
2000    PhD    Exeter    Drug addiction syndrome among university students in Pakistan    W KAUSAR
2000    PhD    Bath    Struggle for survival: networks and relationships in a Bangladesh slum    M Iqbal Alam KHAN    Prof G Wood; Dr J A McGregor
2000    PhD    Cambridge, Queens’    An empirical study of human resource management in a developing country – the case of the banking industry of Pakistan    Shaista Ensan KHILJI    Mr C G Gill
2000    PhD    Cambridge. Queens    Human resource management in a developing country: the case of banking industry in Pakistan    S E KHILJI    Mr C G Gill
2000    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    A study of debates on Christian conversion in India, 1947-1999 from the perspective of Christian mission    Sebastian Chang-Hwan KIM    Dr B Stanley
2000    DPhil    Oxford, St Edmund Hall    The “domestic” world of the Mughals in the reigns of Babar, Humayan and Akbar (1500-1605)    Ruby LAL    Dr D A Washbrook;  Dr J D Gurney
2000    PhD    East Anglia    Perceiving disability and practising community-based rehabilitiation: a critical examination with case studies from south India    R P LANG
2000    PhD    Keele    The internationalisation of Malaysian business and its relevance to Malay entrepreneurs    A J MAHAJAR
2000    PhD    Birmingham    The administration of waqf, pious endowment in Islam: a critical study of the State Islamic Religious Councils as the sole trustees of awqaf assets and the implementation of istibdal in Malaysia with special reference to the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur    S M MAHAMOOD
2000    PhD    Strathclyde    Price competetitiveness and performance of manufactured exports: the case of Pakistan    Seema K MAKHDOOMI    Dr M Huq; Prof J Love
2000    MPhil    Nottingham    Levels of flat ownership by middle-income households in Dhaka, Bangladesh    Nasima MATIN    Mr S Jalloh; Prof J C Moughtin
2000    MPhil    London, LSE    European images of India before the rise of orientalism in the late eighteenth century    Kyoko MATSUKAWA    Dr G Wilson
2000    PhD    East London    Thermal comfort in havelis of Jaisalmer    Jane MATTHEWS
2000    DPhil    Sussex    Distress diversification or growth linkages ? Explaining rural non-farm employment variations in Andhra Pradesh, India    Prasado R MECHARIA    D M Hunt
2000    PhD    Bradford    Social policy in Malaysia: a study of social support for the elderly in a rural area    N MOHAMED
2000    PhD    Oxford Brookes    Seismic interpretation and sequence stratigraphy of the offshore Indus basin of Pakistan    S MOHAMMAD
2000    PhD    London    Nationalism, literature and ideology in colonial India and occupied Egypt    A A  MONDAL
2000    MPhil    Manchester    Burma and British Cold War policy, 1946-1951    Benjamin John MORRIS    Dr P C Lowe
2000    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Gender, work and familial ideology: women workers in the unorganised garment export industry, New Delhi, India    T MUKHOPADHYAY    Prof G P Hawthorn
2000    PhD    Newcastle    Supply reponse of major agricultural commodities in Pakistan    K MUSHTAQ
2000    MPhil    London, SOAS    Political economic dimensions of East Asian development: South Korea, India    Rajiv Chitazhi NARAYAN    Dr R H Taylor
2000    DPhil    Oxford, Christ Church    Conservation management of the tiger, Panthera Tigris Tigris, in Bandhavgarh National Park, India    Latika NATH    Dr D W MacDonald
2000    PhD    LSHTM    Epidemiological immunochemistry of Helicobacter pylori in Jessore, BBHangladesh    J NESSA
2000    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    An operational evaluation test of MEDLINE on CD-ROM  in Malaysia with special reference to investigating practicable relevance-based perfoormance measures    Roslina OTHMAN
2000    PhD    Hull    Changing dimensions of single European Market: implications for the non-member countries – a case study on India’s textile and clothing exports    S Gnanasekara PANDIAN
2000    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Technology and environmental leapfrogging: three case studies from India    R M PERKINS    Dr B Vira
2000    PhD    London, LSE    Legal systems as a determinant of foreign direct investment: the case of Sri Lanka    Amanda Joan PERRY    Mr P Muchlinski
2000    PhD    Lancaster    A critical ethnography on the production of the Indian MBA discourse    E PRIYADHARSHINI
2000    PhD    Nottingham Trent    Douglarisation and the politics of Indian/African relations in Trinidad writing    Sheila RAMPERSAD
2000    PhD    Edinburgh    Another member of our family: aspects of television culture and social change in Varanasi, North India    Simon William ROBERTS    Dr A Good; Dr J Spencer
2000    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Communal conflict in Bengal, 1930-1947: political parties, the Muslim intelligentsia and the Pakistan Movement    Sulagna ROY    Dr R S Chandavarkar
2000    PhD    Cambridge    Matrilineal comunities, patriarchial realities: female headship in eastern Sri Lanka – a feminist economic reading    K N RUWANPURA    Mrs S Fennell
2000    MPhil    Newcastle    Modelling privatised minor irrigation systems in Bangladesh: an economic analysis    F I M G W SARKER
2000    PhD    Durham    The influence of British political thought in China and India: the cases of Sun Yat-Sen, Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru    N A SCOTT
2000    PhD    Wales, Bangor    The influence of farmer knowledge, shade and planting density on smallholder rubber/banana intercropping in Sri Lanka    A M W K SENEVIRATHNA
2000    DPhil    Sussex    Mother/child health and health care in Pakistan    Shafqat SHEHZAD    Mr P Chaudhuri; Dr A Wagstaff
2000    PhD    Southampton    Constitutional rights relating to criminal justice in South Asia: a comparison with the European Convention on Human Rights    Kabiniyage Buddhappriya Asola SILVA
2000    PhD    Warwick    Gendered labour process and flexibility: a study of jewellery production in India    U SONI-SINHA
2000    PhD    London, SOAS    The impact of Islamization on the Christian community of Pakistan    P SOOKHDEO
2000    PhD    Southampton    The impact of rural-urban migration on child survival in India    Robert STEPHENSON    Dr J McDdonald
2000    PhD    Open    Coproducing universal primary education in a context of social exclusion: households, community organisations and state administration in a district of Karnataka, India    R SUBRAHMANIAN
2000    PhD    Edinburgh    Development of a range management decision support system (RAMDSS)for forest planning in the Banavasi Range of the Western Ghats, India    Ramanathan SUGUMARAN
2000    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Women’s political strategies to combat poverty: a study of a squatter settlement in Dhaka    S M SULTAN    Dr R S Chandavarkar
2000    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    Mapping hinduism: “Hinduism” and the study of Indian religions, 1630-1776    Barry W H  SWEETMAN    Dr J Lipner
2000    PhD    Essex    The perception of social support and the experience of depression in Pakistani women    E TAREEN
2000    PhD    Southampton    Rural poverty and the role of the non-farm sector in economic development: the Indian experience    M TIWARI
2000    PhD    Portsmouth    Illiteracy in India: a multi-level analysis    S VENKATASUBRAMANIAN
2000    PhD    Warwick    The influence of culture and politics on accounting change in India from 1947 to 1998    Shradda VERMA
2000    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    Cranial diversity and the evolutionary history of South Asians    Samanti Dineshkumari WARUSAWITHANA KULATILAKE
2000    MPhil    Wales, Aberystwyth    Britain and the Muslims: imperial perceptions of Indian Muslims, 1914-1922    R A J WHITE
2000    MPhil    Oxford, St Cross    Released on both sides ? The origin and position of formless meditation in early Indian Buddhism    Alexander WYNNE    Prof R F Gombrich
2000    PhD    Edinburgh    The forest cooks and the people eat: nature and society in Mayurbhanj, Orissa    Hannele Kirsi Aija YLO’NEN
2000    PhD    Bradford    Agriculture and pastorarlism in the late Bronze Age, North West Frontier, Pakistan    R L YOUNG
2001    MPhil    Glasgow    Colonisation and Hijab: a case study of Egypt and India    N AHMAD
2001    PhD    Stirling    Socio-economic aspects of freshwater prawn culture development in Bangladesh    N AHMED
2001    PhD    Leeds    Thalassaemia carrier testing in pregnant Pakistani women: perceptions of “information ” and “consent”    Shenaz AHMED
2001    PhD    London, SOAS    Early Indian moulded terracotta: the emergence of an iconography and variations in style, circa second century BC to first century AD    Naman Parmeshwar AHUJA
2001    PhD    Essex    Pakistan’s export performance, 1972-1998    M AKBAR
2001    PhD    Durham    Slaves of water: indigenous knowledge of fisheries on the floodplain of Bangladesh    M ALAM
2001    PhD    Aberdeen    Evaluation of environmental sustainability of forest land use policies of Bangladesh    Mohammad ALI
2001    PhD    Aberdeen    The effects of low temperature and seed quality on the germination of fifteen rice (Oryza sative L)cultivars from Bangladesh    M G  ALI
2001    PhD    Portsmouth    The rise of a service class culture in India: the software industry in Bangalore    Elaine ASSAR
2001    PhD    Portsmouth    The emergence of a new culture class: the software industry in Bangalore, India    Elain Risa ASSER    Dr P Churmer-Smit
2001    PhD    Brunel    The development of India’s crafts and their implication upon Indo-European furniture    N W BAMFORTH
2001    PhD    Strathclyde    A critique of tourism development planning: a case of Sri Lanka    H M BANDARA
2001    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Developing fodder resources on the forest grassland of tribal areas in western India    Peter George BEZKOROWAJNYI
2001    PhD    Bristol    Conceptions: an exploration of infertility and assisted conception in India    A BHARADWAJ
2001    PhD    Oxford, St Antony’s    The emergence of the Bombay film industry, 1913-1937    Kaushik BHAUMIK    Dr D A Washbrook
2001    PhD    Strathclyde    Consumer preferences and public policy: a case study of water supply and waste management in Madras (Chennai), India    A P BHAYAN KARAM
2001    PhD    Strathclyde    Contingent variation in a developing metropolis: an exploration of water and waste management in Madres    Anand Prathivadi BHAYANKARAM    Mr R Perman
2001    PhD    Kingston    The initiation and magmatic evolution of a juvenile island arc: the Kohistan arc, Pakistan Himalaya    S M BIGNOLD
2001    PhD    London, LSHTM    The rational use of blood in India: intervention to promote good transfusion practice    Timothy John BRAY
2001    PhD    Aberdeen    Chipko and crofter: land movements in northern India and the Highlands of Scotland    Nandini B CHADHA    Mr W T C Brotherstone; Dr J Forster
2001    PhD    Strathclyde    The impact of trade policy on growth in India    Ramesh CHANDRA    Prof J Love
2001    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    Colonial power and agrarian politics in Kheda District (Gujarat), c.1890-1930    Vinayak CHATURVEDI    Prof C A Bayly
2001    PhD    Leeds    Appropriate disposal of sewage in urban and suburban Sri Lanka    E J H COREA
2001    PhD    London, RHUL    Faith, unity, discipline: the making of a socio-political formation in urban India, Lahore,1935-1953    Markus DAECHSEL    Prof F C R Robinson
2001    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney     Whither urban governance ? Self-help civil society, political conflicts and environmental services in Chennai, India    S L DAHIYA    Dr B J Devereux
2001    PhD    Glasgow    The Bengal Army and the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny, 1856-1857    Julian Saul Markham DAVID    Prof H F A Strachen
2001    PhD    London    Air pollution and agricultural insect pests in urban and peri-urban areas of India    C DAVIES
2001    PhD    Essex    No time to play: social, economic and legal dimensions of child labour practices in India    Rie DEBABRATA
2001    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Sikh discourses of community and sovereignty in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries     Jeevan S DEOL    Prof C A Bayley
2001    PhD    Exeter    The effects of marital dissolution, fertility and contraceptive behaviour among men and woimen in Addu Atoll, Maldives    Aminath Mohamed DIDI    Dr N Ford; Dr A Ankomah
2001    PhD    Cambridge, Queens’    The scars of piety: Islam and the dynamics of religious dispute on Androth Island, South India    Brian John DIDIER    Dr J A Laidlaw
2001    PhD    London, RHUL    Traditional rule and western conventions: the Maharajas of Bikaner and their partnership with the Raj, 1887-1947    Paolo DURISOTTO    Prof F C R Robinson
2001    PhD    Loughborough    Venture capital financing in India: a study of venture capitalist’s valuation, structuring and monitoring practices     Mansoor DURRANI
2001    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    Commerce and diaspora: locating the business practices of Hindu Sindhis     Mark Anthony FALZON    Dr J A Laidlaw
2001    PhD    London, SOAS    Buddhist narratives in Burmese murals    Alexandra Raissa GREEN    Dr E H Moore; Dr G H R Tillitson
2001    PhD    Lancaster    A critical review of ecological impact assessment in Sri Lanka: with particular reference to the shrimp aquaculture industry    Miriya Prasanni GUNAWARDENA
2001    DrPH    London, LSHTM    Regulation of the private health care sector in Pakistan    Ajmal HAMID
2001    PhD    South Bank    Social exclusion and women’s health in Lahore, Pakistan    N A HAMID
2001    PhD    Liverpool    Identity, conflict and nationalism: the Naga and Kuki peoples of northeast India and northwest Burma    Seilen HAOKIP
2001    MPhil    London, LSE    Humanitarian assistance: the relationship between NGOs and the government of Sri Lanka    Marit HAUG    Prof C Fuller; Prof M Light
2001    PhD    Durham    The engineering behaviour of the tropical clay soils of Dhaka, Bangladesh    A S HOSSAIN
2001    PhD    London, Imperial    The nitrogen economy of rice-based cropping systems in Bangladesh    F HOSSAIN
2001    PhD    Southampton    Assessment of family planning outreach workers’ contact and contraceptive use dynamics in rural Bangladesh using multilevel modelling    M B HOSSAIN
2001    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Essays on consumption and asset mobility in rural Pakistan: a microeconomic approach    Taimur HYAT    Prof B Harriss-White
2001    PhD    Leeds    Internet implementation and strategic subsidiary context of Malaysias subsidiaries located in the UK    Azizi Ali IBRAHIM
2001    PhD    Edinburgh    The scent of jasmine: experiencing knowledge and emotion in cross cultural contextrs of South Indian classical dance    Joanna Rose JACOBSON
2001    PhD    Stirling    Fishery biology and population dynamics of shrimps (Penaeua indicus)and Metapenaeus dobsoni)in the lagoon and coastal area of Negombo, Sri Lanka    P A A T JAYAWARDANE
2001    PhD    Birmingham    A cluster randomised controlled trial of reorganising maternal health services in Sindh, Pakistan    A H JOKHIO
2001    DPhil    Oxford, St Edmund Hall    Christian and non-Christian Angami Nagas with special reference to traditional healing practices    Vibha JOSHI    Dr N J Allen
2001    PhD    London, SOAS    The making of colonial psychiatry, Bombay Presidentcy, 1849-1940    Shruti KAPILA    Prof D J Arnold
2001    PhD    London, Inst Comm.    Security, development and political accommodation in Bangladesh    Shahnaz KARIM    Prof J Manor; Prof R F Holland
2001    PhD    Southampton    Maternal health care utilisation among the urban poor of Maharashtra, India    F KAUSAR
2001    DPhil    Oxford    Echo words in Tamil    Elinor KEANE
2001    PhD    Newcastle    Enhancement of nutritional quality of straw-based diets in Pakistan by urea treatment or suppementation with protein or energy    Muhammad Aslam KHAN
2001    PhD    Nottingham    Environmental hazards, risk perception and general environmental beliefs: a cross cultural study between UK and Pakistan    N R KHAN
2001    DPhil    Oxford, Wadham    Poverty in Pakistan: a study on health, nutrition, income and consumption    Salman H KHAN    Dr C Muller
2001    DPhil    Oxford, Wadham    State, society and labour in colonial Bombay, 1893-1918    Prashant K KIDAMBI    Dr D A Washbrook
2001    PhD    Birminghm    Mission pneumatology with special reference to the Indian theologies of the holy spirit of Stanley Samartha, Vandana and Samuel Rayan    K KIM
2001    PhD    Reading    Sociolinguistic variation in urban India: a study of Marathi-speaking adolescents in Pune    Sonal KULKARNI
2001    PhD    Birmingham    British South Asian identities and the popular cultures of British Bhangra music, Bollywod films and Zee TV in Birmringham    r KUMAR DUDRAH
2001    PhD    London, External    Sarangi style in North Indian art music    Nicolas Fairchild MAGRIEL    Dr R Widdess
2001    PhD    Lancaster    Economic reforms in India: impact on savings and productivity of the manufacturing sector    Vidya MAHAMBARE    Prof V N Balasubramanyam
2001    PhD    Stirling    Small scale multispecies demersal fishery off Negombo, Sri Lanka    R R P MALDENIYA
2001    PhD    Oxford, St Antony’s    A reluctant warrior: Hong Kong in Anglo-American interactions, 1949-1957    Chi Kwan MARK    Dr R J Foot
2001    PhD    Brunel    Rushdie’s legacy: the emergence of a radical British Muslim identity    G A McROY
2001    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    African NGOs: turning knowledge and experience into power    Sarah G MICHAEL    Dr C Elliott
2001    PhD    London, SOAS    Painting awareness: a study in the use of exotic cultural traditions by the artists of the Emperor Akbar’s Khamsa of Nizami    Gregory B MINISSALE
2001    PhD    Leeds    Weak market efficiency and the determinants of share returns: a study of the listed companies on the Dhaka Stock Exchange    Asma MOBAREK    Prof K Keasey; Dr H Short
2001    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Love and marriage in Delhi    Perveez MODY SPENCER    Dr J A Laidlaw
2001    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    Dispute settlement mechanism in the ASEAN free trade area (AFTA}    Rahmat MOHAMAD
2001    PhD    Leeds    Dividend policy and behaviour and security price reaction to the announcement of dividends in an emergency market: a study of companies listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange    A Sabur MOLLAH    Prof K Keasey
2001    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Writing crime, writing empire: representing the colony in nineteenth century fiction fo crime    Upamanyu Pablo MUKHERJEE    Prof C I Donaldson
2001    PhD    Kent    On the strength of a likeness: Kipling and the analogical connections between India and Ireland    Kaori NAGAI
2001    PhD    Leeds    Perceptions of empowerment and reproductive health decisions amongst rural India women    Ann Marie NICHOLS    Dr Ray Bush; Dr Z Aydin
2001    PhD    London, LSE    The Singapore entrepreneurial state in China: a sociological study of the Suzhou industrial park, 1992-1999    Alexius A PEREIRA    Dr A Power
2001    PhD    Hull    Population biology and management of hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha)in Bangladesh    Md Jalilur RAHMAN
2001    PhD    London, LSHTM    Utilisation of primary health care services in rural Bangladesh: the population and provider perspectives    S A RAHMAN
2001    PhD    Manchester    Modelling demand and supply in Bangladesh agriculture: a computable general equilibrium approach to public policy and economic welfare    S M Osman RAHMAN    Dr N Russell
2001    PhD    City    The evolving devi: education, employment and British Hindu Gujerati women’s identity    Hasmita RAMJI
2001    DPhil    Oxford, Christ Church    Constrictions of identity and cultural translation in relation to origin and destination: a generational comparison of South Asian expatriate and immigrant writers in Britain (1937-present)    Ruvani RANASINHA    Dr J A Mee
2001    PhD    London, QMW    Public interest environmental legislation in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh    J RAZZAQUE
2001    PhD    Manchester    Participation and protected area conservation in India: ecodevelopment theory and practice    Trevor Pritchard REES    Prof D Hulme
2001    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    The making of ethnoHinduism: communalism, reservations and the Ahmedabad riot of 1985    Ornit SHANI    Dr R S Chandravarkar
2001    PhD    London, LSE    Merchants, “saints” and sailors: the social production of islamic reform in a port town of western India    Edward Lawrence SIMPSON
2001    PhD    Wales, Swansea    Gender participation and community forestry: the case of joint forest management in Madhya Pradesh, India    R SINGH
2001    PhD    Reading    International experience of plant variety protection: lessons for India    Chittur SSRINIVASAN    Prof C G Thirtle
2001    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney Sussex    Ecological institutions: joint forest management in Bihar (Jharkhand)and West Bengal, India    M TIWARY    Dr S E Corbridge
2001    PhD    Cambridge, Gonville    Contested notions of sovereignty in Bengal under British rule, 1765-1785    Thomas R TRAVERS    Prof C A Bayly
2001    MPhil    Open    The legacy of the controversies: the continuing impact on interfaith encounters in Sri Lanka of nineteenth century controversies between Buddhists and Christians     M S VASANTHAKUMAR
2001    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    The appeal of a modern god-person in contemporary India: the case of Mata Amritanandamayi and her mission    M WARRIER    Dr S B Bayley
2001    PhD    Hertfordshire    Identifying potential barriers to business process and information systems reengineering in Sri Lanka    V WEERAKKODY
2001    PhD    Southampton    Short birth intervals and infant health in India    Alison K WHITWORTH
2001    DPhil    Oxford, St Hughes    Governing property, making law: British conceptions of agrarian society and the administration of rural Bengal, c.1785-1835    Jon E WILSON    Dr D A Washbrook
2001    DPhil    Oxford, St Cross    Process analysis of a total literacy campaign in India: a case study of Udaiput District    Rie YAGI    Dr C Brock
2001    PhD    Loughborough    The globalisation of Western advertising: a case study of the impact of imported advertising on cultural values    Azizul Halim YAHYA
2001    PhD    London, SOAS    The intertextuality of women in Urdu litterature: a study of Fahmida Riaz and Kishwar Naheed    Amina YAQIN
2002    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Basic needs analysis of social forestry participants in northwest Bangladesh    S AKHTER    Prof C Price
2002    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Child labour in the Bombay Presidency, 1850-1920    Emma Catherine ALEXANDER    Dr R S Chandavarkar
2002    PhD    London, Imperial    Biological variation and chemical control of Rhizoctonia solani causing rice sheath blight disease in Bangladesh    Md Ansar ALI
2002    PhD    LSHTM    An analysis of private hospital markets in Bangladesh    M A AMIN
2002    PhD    Stirling    A question of “Chineseness”: the Chinese diaspora in Singapore, 1819-1950s    Lynn Ling-Yin ANG    Dr S Mishra
2002    MPhil    Newcastle    Trophy hunting and conservation: Himalayan Ibrex Capra Ibex sibirica in northern Pakistan    Masood ARSHAD
2002    PhD    London    The political economy of policy reform: labour market regulation in India    Roli ASTHANA
2002    PhD    Sheffield    Children’s drawings as research tool: establishing children’s environmental concepts and preferences with reference to urban openspace planning design in Johore Bahru, Malaysia    M S A BAKAR
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    Buddhism and shamanism in village Sikkim    A BALIKCI
2002    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    The other side of the Raj: representation of colonial India in the writings of Edward John Thompson    Nilanjana BANERJI    Prof R J C Young
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    An investigation into the 56 Vinayakas in Banares and their origins    Isabelle O T BERMIJN
2002    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre    Biodiversity and conservation of a cultural landscape in the Western ghats of India    Shonil A BHAGWAT    Dr N D Brown; Dr P S Savill
2002    DPhil    Oxford, St Anne’s    Stylistic features of Sanskrit in the Upanisads and Pali in early Buddhist texts with special reference to prose word order    Pathompong BODHIPRASIDDHINAND    Prof R F Gombrich
2002    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    Archaeological science as anthropology: time, space and matreriality in rural India and the ancient past    Nicole Lise BOIVIN    Dr C A French
2002    MPhil    London, Birkbeck    Religion and the experiences of Indo-Pakistani women in the fiction of Bharati Mukherjee, Bapsi Sidhwa, Hanif Kureishi and Salmon Rushdie    N H BOWEN
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    Baloch nationalism: its origin and development up to 1980    Taj Mohammad BRESEEG
2002    PhD    London    Asakta Karman in the Bhagavadgita    Simon Pearse BRODBECK
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    Indian religions    Simon Pearse BRODBECK
2002    PhD    Newcastle    The integration of poverty-focused aquaculture in large-scale irrigation systems in South Asia    Cecile D BRUGERE
2002    PhD    London    Local governance in Calcutta: bureaucratic performance and health care delivery    Indranil CHAKRABARTI
2002    MLitt    Oxford, St Antony’s    Ashraf identity in early Urdu fiction    Shardul Kumar CHATURVEDI    Dr D A Washbrook; Dr N Gooptu
2002    PhD    Bristol    Towards the socialisation of children’s learning: pupils, parents and primary education in an Indian district – an ethnographic survey    Rita CHAWLA-DUGGAN
2002    PhD    London, UC    The influence of ethnicity and beliefs on the course and outcome of schizophrenia in Singapore    J L CHUA
2002    PhD    London, LSE    Social mobility in a Chamar community in eastern Uttar Pradesh, northern Indian    Manuela CIOTTI
2002    DPhil    Sussex    Rural poverty in Bangaldesh: a comparative study of determinants of economic well-being and inequality    Maria Jose A  CORTIJO
2002    PhD    Open    Environmental impact of Deccan Trap flood basalt volcanism: assessment of regional floral responses to late Cretaceous-early Tertiary activity    Jennifer Ann CRIPPS
2002    PhD    De Montfort    Maharashtra and the cross-fertilisation of style of Brahmanical caves in India    Deepanjana DANDA
2002    PhD    London, LSHTM    The long term effect of child bearing on adult mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh    Lisa Sioned DAVIES
2002    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    British policy in Bengal: 1939-1954    Bikramjit DE    Prof J M Brown; Prof T Raychaudhuri
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    Institutionalizing education: colonial government, missionary and household education in British colonial Punjab    Jeffrey Mark DIAMOND    Dr A A Powell
2002    PhD    Oxford Brookes    The molecular basis of thalassaemia in Sri Lanka    Christopher A FISHER
2002    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Globalization and religious revival in the imperial cities of the Indian Ocean rim, 1870-1820    Mark Ravinder FROST    Dr T N Harper
2002    PhD    Durham    Indigenous knowledge, livelihood and decision -making strategies on floodplain farmers in Bangladesh    G P GHOSH
2002    PhD    Bath    Competing interests and institutional ambiguities: problems of sustainable forest management in the northern areas of Pakistan    A GOHAR
2002    PhD    Edinburgh    Untouchable citizens: an analysis of the Liberation Panthers and democratistion in Tamil Nadu    Hugh GORRINGE
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    The Sufi saints of Awrangabad: narratives, contexts and identities    Nile S GREEN
2002    PhD    Cambridge. St John’s    Mantle plumes and depositional sequences: onshore/offshore India    A R W HALKETT    Dr N J White
2002    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Famine process and famine policy: a case study of Ahmednagar District, Bombay Presidency, 1870-84    David N J HALL-MATTHEWS    Dr D A Washbrook; Dr B Harriss
2002    PhD    Leeds    Computer misuse within the organisation: an evaluation of computer misuse legislation in Britain and Malaysia    Zaiton HAMIN
2002    PhD    London, Imperial    Characterisation of Bacillus cereus strains in Bangladeshi rice    Md Anwarul HAQUE
2002    PhD    Edinburgh    Growing gods: bidayuh processes of religious change in Sarawak, Malaysia    F M A HARRIS
2002    DPhil    Sussex    British collecting of Indian art and artifacts in the 18th and 19th centuies    Lucian G HARRIS
2002    PhD    Reading    Understanding farmers’ attitudes and behaviours towards the use of pesticides on cotton crop in Pakisdtan’s Punjab    Tariq HASSAN
2002    PhD    London    The curriculum for health education in schools: issues of definition, choice and implementation: an illuminative study based on Uganda, Zambia and India    Hubert William Richmond HAWES
2002    PhD    Strathclyde    The significance of ethnic ties and entreprenurial networks in the internationalisation of the firm: case study: the internationalisation of UK Indian enterprises    Jaswinder Singh HAYER
2002    PhD    Leeds    The expression of syntax in Sri Lankan English: speech and writing    S M F HERAT
2002    PhD    Hull    US – Pakistan partnership in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979-1988: causes, dynamics and consequences    A Z A HILALI
2002    PhD    Strathclyde    An integrated performance measurement system of health care services: an empirical study of public and private hospitals in Malaysia    Abdul Razak IBRAHIM
2002    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Alternative methods and sources for measuring vaccination coverage in rural Bangladesh    MdD Shafiqul ISLAM    Dr C G N Mascie-Taylor
2002    DPhil    Sussex    Voice, responsiveness and collaboration: democratic decentralization and service delivery in two Indian cities    Jennifer JALAL    J P Gaventa
2002    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Drivers of land use change and policy analysis: the case of Bangladesh    Mohammed JASHIMUDDIN    Prof G Edwards-Jones
2002    PhD    Open    An investigation of teaching and learning biology at a distance: with special reference to Sri Lanka    B G JAYATILLEKE
2002    DPhil    York    Cultural construction of the “Sinhala woman” and women’s lives in post-independence Sri Lanka    J D JAYAWARDENA    Dr J de Groot
2002    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Greeks, Saracens and Indians: imperial builders in south India, 1800-1880    Ioma Shanti JAYEWARDENE-PILLAI    Dr D A Washbrook
2002    PhD    London, RHUL    Being Sri Lankan: three cultural geographies    Tariq JAZEEL    Dr C Nash; Prof D Gower
2002    PhD    Southampton    The rhetoric and reality of gender issues in the domestic water sector: a case study from India    Deepa JOSHI
2002    PhD    Cambridge, Selwyn    Behavioural ecology of sympatric langures in Bangladesh    Md Mofizul KABIR    Dr D J Chivers
2002    MD    Leeds    Genetic and environmental determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in South Asian patients with cerebrovascular disease and their first degree relatives    K KAIN
2002    PhD    Nottingham    The categories of Hindu nationalism: a neo-structuralist analysis of the discourse of Hindutva    Christian KARNER
2002    PhD    Manchester Metropolitan    Public participation in environmental impact assessment in the developing and developed worlds: Pakistan and UK perspectives    Amjad Ali KHAN
2002    PhD    Kent    Memory, dis-location, violence and women in the partition literature of Pakistan and India     Furrukh Abbas KHAN    Dr A S Gurnah
2002    MPhil    London, UC    Vitamin A deficiency in children in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP)of Pakistan    M A KHAN
2002    PhD    Manchester    An evaluation of the performance of small and medium enterprises in Bangladesh with special reference to finance    Md Saiful Amin KHAN    Prof F Nixson
2002    PhD    Durham    Women’s voices: the presentation of women in the fiction of South Asian women    Lisa Ee Jia LAU    Dr M A Crang; Dr E E Mawdsley
2002    PhD    London    The role of Islam in the legal system of Pakistan    Martin Wilhelm LAU
2002    PhD    Kent    Power and patronage in Pakistan    Stephen M LYON    Mr R S Edmond
2002    PhD    Reading    The role of English in higher education in Pakistan    S MANSOOR
2002    PhD    Bristol    The global regulation of marine fisheries and its impact on two developing states: Namaibia and Kerala    Leonarda Enrica Camilla MARAZZI
2002    DClinPsy    Leicester    Illness representations, coping and locus of control in breast cancer: a comparative study amongst South Asian Indian women and white indigenous women    R MARTYN
2002    PhD    Durham    Sowing new ideas; an investigation of anthropology’s contribution to rural development in south east Sri Lanka    M MARZANO
2002    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The sepoy army and colonial Madras, c1806-57    Carina Anne MONTGOMERY    Dr D A Washbrook
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    A lot of history: sexual violence, public memory and the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971    Nayanika MOOKHERJEE    Dr C Pinney; Dr C Osella
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    Hindi film songs: and the cinema    Anna Frances MORCOM    Dr R Widdess
2002    PhD    Bristol    A study of the late Madhyamaka doxography    Jundo NAGASHIMA
2002    PhD    East Anglia    Between work and school: children in rural Andhra Pradesh    Masako OTA    Prof J D Seddon; Dr R Palmer-Jones

2002    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    The fragile web of order: conflict avoidance and dispute resolution in Ladakh    Fernanda PIRIE    Dr M J Banks; Prof D Parkin
2002    PhD    Glasgow    Morphological and molecular systematic studies of Asian caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)    Bronwen PRESSWELL
2002    PhD    London, LSE    US foreign  policy to Pakistan, 1947-1960: reconstructing strategy    Saqib Iqbal QUERESHI    Dr C Coker
2002    PhD    Essex    India in the making of liberal identities: the case of Mary Carpenter and Harrier Martineau    Brenda A QUINN    Prof C M Hall
2002    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Muslims and crime: a comparative criminological study of South Asian Muslims in Britain and Pakistan    Muzammil QURAISHI    Dr J Wardhaugh
2002    PhD    London, LSE    US foreign policy to Pakistan, 1947-1960: re-constructing strategy    Saqib Iqbal QURESHI    Dr C Coker
2002    PhD    Aberdeen    Seasonal availability and utilisation of feed resources and their impact on the nutrition of livestock in an agro pastoral system of the Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalayan region of Pakistan    Abdur RAHMAN
2002    PhD    East Anglia    Standing one’s ground: gender, land and livelihoods in the Santal Parganas, Jharkhans, India    Nitya RAO    Prof C Jackson; Dr B Rogaly
2002    PhD    Bradford    Opening up spaces: engendering protracted social conflict and conflict transformation: an analysis with special reference to Sri Lanka    C REIMANN
2002    PhD    London, LSHTM    Sustaining menstrual regulation policy: a case study of the policy process in Bangladesh    Gabrielle Catherine ROSS
2002    PhD    Aberdeen    The economic viability of shrimp farming in the coastal areas of Pakistan    Nizam SABIR
2002    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Raj Bhakta Marg: the path of devotion to Srimad Rajcandra: a Jain community in the twenty first century    E K SALTER    Dr Johnson
2002    PhD    Edinburgh    Negotiations and contradictions: local perceptions of tourism on Langkawi Island, Malaysia    Nor Hafizah SELAMAT
2002    PhD    London, UC    A study to determine the effects of the status of women on child growth undertaken in the Mysore region of Karnataka, India    K SETHURAMAN
2002    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    The resolution of environmental disputes in India    D SHANNUGANATHAN
2002    PhD    Newcastle    Application of information technology to improve the design process in the construction sector in Pakistan: a case of the specification management process    B K SHAR
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    Communism in India    Shalini SHARMA    Dr S Kaviraj
2002    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    The sacred geography of Sanchi Hill: the archaeological setting of Buddhist monasteries in central India    J SHAW    Dr D K Chakrabarti
2002    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Metaphysical psychology: an analysis of Sri Aurobindo Ghose’s theory of psychological consciousness development with special reference to his concepts of integral Brahman and the psychic entity     Girija SHETTAR    Dr Johnson
2002    MPhil/PhD    Reading    Credit constraints on the growth of rural non-farm sector in India    Anchita SHUKLA (TRIPATHI)    Dr S L Wiggins
2002    PhD    Bath    Escape and “struggle”: routes to women’s liberation in Bihar    Indu B SINHA    Dr G Wood; Dr J A McGregor
2002    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Representative agent modes and macroeconomic poliocy: an application to the UK    Naveen SRINIVASAN
2002    DPhil    Oxford, Trinity    Bhuvanekabahu VII and the Portuguese: temporal and spiritual encounters in Sri Lanka, 1521-1551    Alan Leiper STRATHERN    Dr P B R Carey; Prof T F Earle
2002    PhD    Cranfield, Silsoe    An evaluation of public and private groundwater irrigation systems in Bangladesh and Pakistan    David SUTHERLAND    Dr R Carter
2002    DPhil    Oxford    Clothing culture: sex, gender and transvestism with reference to UK transvestites and the hijras of India    Charlotte SUTHRELL    Prof M Banks
2002    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    A study of consecration ritual in Indian Buddhist tantrism: a critical and annotated transslation of selected sections of the Kriyasagrahapanjika of Kuladatta    Ryugen TANEMURA    Prof A G J Sanderson
2002    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Influence of crop profitability, market, labour and land on smallholder cropping systems in rubber-growing areas of Sri Lanka    Sunethra Pushpa Kumri Thennakoon  THENNAKOON-MUDIYANSELAGE    Dr F Sinclair
2002    DPhil    Oxford, Hertford    Negotiating the boundaries of gender and empire: Lady Mary Curzon, Vicereine of India    Nicola J THOMAS    Dr P Coones; Dr J R Ryan
2002    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    The institutional responses to the water needs of peri-urban communities in Delhi, India    Kathryn Signe TOVEY    Dr B Vira
2002    PhD    Cambridge, Christ’s    Crafting discourse: mat weaving in Pattamadai, South India    S VENKATESAN    Dr D A Swallow
2002    PhD    East Anglia    Foreign aid, power and elementary education reform in Pakistan from 1992 to 1999    Michael WARD    Dr R McBride
2002    PhD    Nottingham    Salman Rushdie: imagining the other name foe Islam    Y YACOUBI
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    The Vinaya in India and China: spirit and transformation    Jing YIN    Dr T Skorupski
2002    PhD    Reading    An application of theory of planned behaviour and logistic regression models to understand farm level tree planting and its determinants in the district of Dera Ismail of Pakistan’s North West Frontier Province    Muhammad ZUBAIR
2003    PhD    Birmingham    Women empowerment and intrahousehold resource allocation through micro-finance: a comparative study of two micro-finance institutions in Bangladesh    Shahnaz Tarannum ABDULLAH
2003    PhD    Glasgow    An ethnographic study of violence experienced by Dalit Christian women in Kerala State, India, and the implications of this for feminist theology    S ABRAHAM
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Federal formation and consociational stabilisation: the politics of national identity, articulation and ethnic conflict regulation in India and Pakistan    Katharine ADENEY    Prof B O’Leary
2003    PhD    Stirling    An empirical study of employee share ownership in Malaysia    Mohmad ADNAN B ALIAS
2003    PhD    Exeter    Linking India with Britain: the Persian Gulf cable, 1864-1906    Farajollah AHMADI    Prof J Black; Dr L P Morris
2003    PhD    London, UC    Ethnicity and environment in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Bangladesh    Farid AHMED    Dr M Banerjee
2003    DPhil    Sussex    The construction of childhood in Monipur: negotiating boundaries through activities    Iftikhar AHMED
2003    PhD    Manchester    Sri Lankan export-orientated clothing manufacturing industry: a comparison of management development practices across foreign, joint venture and local companies    Vathsala AKURATIYAGAMAGE    B Cooke; A Mamman
2003    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    We are fighting for the women’s liberation also: a comparative study of female combatants in the national conflicts in Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland    M ALISON
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Dominant texts, subaltern performances: two tellings of the Ramayan in central India    S ANITHA
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    A political biography of Don Stephen Senanyake, (1931-1952): the former prime minister of Sri Lanka    Drene Terana APONSO    Dr G Johnson
2003    DPhil    Oxford, St Cross    Education reform in developing countries:decentralisation with reference to India and Pakistan    Linda F C ARTHUR    Dr C Brock
2003    PhD    London, UC    Childhood epilepsy in Bangladesh: clinical profile, predictors of outcome and randomised controlled trial of efficacy and side effects of treatment    S H BANU
2003    MPhil    Birmingham    A comparative examination of critical, religious and interreligious ingredients contributing to intercommunal harmony and disharmony in Sri Lanka: Sri Lankan Tamil Hindu dynamism, British Christian evangelism and the rise of 20th century Sinhalese Buddhist militancy    A R BECKETT
2003    PhD    Manchester    Perceptions of user education in the university libraries of Pakistan    Rubina BHATTI    T Christie; G Price
2003    PhD    Oxford Brookes    Revolution, military personnel and the war of liberation in  Banglaldesh    O A BIR BIKRAM
2003    MPhil    London, SOAS    Hindustani music in the reign of Aurangzeb    Katherine Ruth BROWN    Dr R Widdess
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    We Nelpalis: language, lliterature and the formation of a Nepali public sphere in India, 1914-1940    Rhoderick Alasdair MacDonald CHALMERS    Dr M Hutt
2003    PhD    Leeds    The relationship between knowledge and power in the work of Amitav Ghosh    C G CHAMBERS
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity Hall    Mysore: the making and unmaking of a model state, c. 1799-1834    Nigel Hugh Mosman CHANCELLOR    Prof C A Bayly
2003    PhD    Edinburgh    Rishtas: transational Pakistani marriages    Katharine CHARSLEY
2003    PhD    Sheffield    Birth for some women in Pakistan: defining and defiling    M CHESNEY
2003    PhD    Edinburgh    Admitted truths in Muslim-Christian dialogue: a study of William Muir, Sayyid Ahmad Khan and William Goldsack in 19th century India    David Otis COFFEY
2003    DPhil    Oxford, Queen’s    Marxism and middle class intelligentsia: political ideology and culture in Bengal, 1920-1950    Rajarshi DASGUPTA    Dr N Gooptu
2003    DPhil    Oxford, St Hugh’s    Bridging educational and social divides ? private school outreach for out-of-school children in India    Laura L DAY    Dr C Brock
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Local brokers: knowledge and trust and organisation in the practice of agricultural extension for small and marginal farmers in Rajasthan, India    Bina DESAI    Dr D Mosse
2003    PhD    Newcastle    The regulation of private schools for low-income families in Andrha Pradesh,India: an Austrian economic approach    P DIXON
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    Orientalism, Sanskrit scholarship and education in colonial north India, ca 1775-1875    Michael Sinclair DODSON    Prof C A Bayley
2003    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Sri Ramakrishna, Swami Vivekananda and the Ramakrishna movement: the question of continuity    Paul W EATON    Dr Johnson
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Jews and Judaism in modern Indian discourse    Yulia EGOROVA    Prof C Shackle
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    Behind the scenes at the magic house: an ethnoggraphy of the Indian Museum, Calcutta    M J ELLIOTT    Dr D A Swallow
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Jesus    A study of agricultural production at the level of household, community and region: long term trends in India and China    Shailaja FENNELL    Dr P H Nolan
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Sinhala Buddhist nationalism from revivalism to militant political ideology: the struggle to shape public culture in Sri Lanka    Yolanda FOSTER    Dr DTaylor
2003    PhD    Gloucestershire    Exiled from glory: Anglo-Indian settlement in nineteenth century Britain with special reference to Cheltenham    S FRASER    Dr C R V More; Dr J M Bourne
2003    PhD    Gloucestershire    Exiled from glory: Anglo-Indian settlement in nineteenth century Britain with special reference to Cheltenham    Stuart J FRASER    Dr C R V More; Dr J M Bourne
2003    PhD    London, LSE    From local tensions to ethnic conflict: the emergence of Hindu nationalism in a Christian/Hindu “tribal” community in Chhattisgargh, northern India    Peggy FROERER    Dr L Sklar
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    An economic perspective on resettlement of populations displaced by large dams: the case of the Sardar Sarovar Project displaced, India    Supriya GARIKIPATI
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    The origins and early development of anthropomorphic Indian iconography    Madhuvanti GHOSE    Dr G H R Tillotson
2003    DPhil    Oxford, St Edmund Hall    Subduction-related metamorphism, structure and tectonic evolution of the Kohistan arc and main mantle thrust zone, Pakistanm Himalayas    Simon J GOUGH    Dr D J Waters; Dr M P Searle
2003    PhD    Birmingham    Islamic activism in South Asia: the reasons for the electoral under-achievement of the Jama’at Islami Party of Pakistan, 1947-1977    F HAMEED
2003    PhD    Derby    A critical analysis of policy initiatives involving small and medium enterprises in  Malaysia    A B A HAMID
2003    PhD    Sunderland    Identity and the Bengal Muslims: mapping changing perspectives (1905-1971)    F HASHEM
2003    PhD    London, External    Patterns and dynamics of loan use: a study of BRAC borrowers in Bangladesh    F HASIN
2003    PhD    Durham    Arsenic toxicity in Bangladesh: health and social hazards    Md Manzarul HASSAN
2003    DPhil    Sussex    Elite public discourses of poverty and the poor in Bangladesh    Naomi T HOSSAIN    M P Moore
2003    PhD    Southampton    Quality of care in maternity services: childbirth among the urban poor of Mumbai, India    Louise A HULTON
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Effect of weekly iron supplementation and antihelminthic treatment on the physical growth and development of Bangladeshi children    Mohammad Mushtuq HUSAIN
2003    PhD    Essex    Factors limiting productivity and adoption of rubber tea intercropping in the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka    S M M IQBAL
2003    MPhil    Birmingham    A call to Christian discipleship in a situation of conflict: a study of Christian mission in the socio-ethnic conflict of Sri Lanka, with special reference to the life witness and theoleogy of Dietrich Bonhoefer    M B JEYAKUMAR
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Queens’    Novels of the South Asian diaspora in East Africa    Stephanie Jillian JONES    Mr T L J Cribb
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Governing morals: state, marriage and householfd among the Gaddis of north India    Kriti KAPILA
2003    MPhil    London, SOAS    The power behind the throne: relations between the British and Indian states, 1870-1909    Caroline J KEEN    Dr A A Powell
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    Representing children: power, policy and the discourse on child labour in the football manufacturing industry of Sialkot    Ali KHAN    Dr D Sneath
2003    PhD    Manchester    The impact of privatisation in Pakistan    Iram Anjum KHAN    Dr P Cook
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Hughes Hall    A social and political history of the telegraph in the Indian empire, circa 1850-1920    Deep Kanta LAHIRI CHOUDHURY    Prof C A Bayley
2003    PhD    Cambridge,Fitzwillliam    Colonial governmentality: spaces of inperialism and nationalism in India’s new capital, New Delh    S I LEGG    Dr J S Duncan
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Women, equality, autonomy: study of women’s rights in India    Sumi MADHOK    Dr S Kaviraj
2003    PhD    Aberdeen    The performance of agricultural institutions in disseminating new technologies: a case study of  modern rice variety BR 32 in Bangladesh’    B MAJUMDER
2003    PhD    Reading    Vegetation mapping in the north west of Pakistan    R N MALIK
2003    DPhil    Sussex    Gendered places, transnational lives: Sikh women in Tanzania, Britain and Indian Pubjab    K P K MAND
2003    PhD    Stirling    Policy transfer and policy translation: day care for people with dementia in Kerala, India    L F M McCABE
2003    PhD    Southampton    Barriers and opportunities in effective contraceptive management in Bangladesh    Juliet McEACHRAN
2003    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    Federalism in Malaysia: a constitutional study of the federal institutions established by the Federal Constitution of Malaysia and their relationships with the traditional institutions in the constitution (with special reference to the Islamic religious power and bureaucracy in the states)    K A MOKHTAR
2003    PhD    Leeds    The levels of integration of people with spinal cord lesion in Bangladesh    Abdul Khair Mohammed MOMIN
2003    PhD    Loughborough    Modelling a flow of funds and policy simulation experiments in the financial sector in India    Tomoe MOORE
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Tradition and modernity: a sociological comparison between Sri Lankan women in Colombo and in London in the late 1990s    Fathima Fatheena MUBARAK
2003    PhD    London, Goldsmiths    Doing development: voluntary agencies in the Sundarbans of West Bengal    Amites MUKHOPADHYAY    Prof P Caplan
2003    PhD    London, LSHTM    Gender and reproductive health in Pakistan: a need for reconceptualisation    Z MUMTAZ
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Romance and pleasure in a restrictive society: understanding the sexual conduct of unmarried middle class young people in Bangladesh    Lazeena MUNA    Prof J Cleland (LSHTM)
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Marxism and beyond in Indian politicval thought: J P Narayan and M N Roy’s theory of radical democrary    Eva-Maria NAG    Dr Chun Lin
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    The museum in colonial India (1770-1936): a history of collecting, exhibiting and disciplining of knowledge    Savithri Preetha NAIR    De G H R Tillotson
2003    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    Second World War Japanese atrocities and British minor war crimes trials: the issue of fair trial in four selected British war crimes trials in Malaysia and Singapore in 1946-1947    Arujanan NARAYANAN
2003    PhD    London, UC    The life cycle of clothing: recycling and the efficacy of materiality in contemporary urban India    Katherine Lucy NORRIS    Dr S Kuechler-Fogden
2003    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Refugees on the Indian sub-continent, 1947-1998: state policy and practice    Pia A OBEROI    Dr G S Goodwin-Gill
2003    PhD    Aberdeen    The classification and efficiency of use of forage resources under semi-arid conditions in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Himalayan region of Pakistan    R M OMER
2003    PhD    Birmingham    The echoes of a faded memory: a contribution to a history of the Tamil Coolie Mission    P J T PEIRIS
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    The formation of a divided public: print, language and literatuire in colonial Goa    R PINTO
2003    PhD    Greenwich    A tapestry of resistance: Afghan educated refugee women in Pakistan: “Agency” identity and resistance in war and displacement    N POURZAND
2003    PhD    Dundee    Quality assurance in undergraduate medical education: a multiple case study in Bangladesh, Thailand and Indonesia    Titi Savitri PRIHATININGSIH
2003    PhD    Reading    International joint ventures in developing economies: an analysis of Indo-British ventures in India    Raji RAJAN    Prof M Utton; Dr U Kambhampati
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Law and social change in India    Gopalan RAMAN
2003    PhD    London, LSHTM    The consequences of health insurance for the informal sector: two non-governmental, non-profit schemes in Gujerat    Michael Kent RANSON
2003    PhD    Durham    A study of land transformation in Savar Upazila, Bangladesh, 1915-2001: an integrated approach using remore sensing    Md Shahedur RASHID    Dr P J Atkins
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney Sussex    Auditing “development”: an anthropological study of “audit culture” within a “participatory rural development” project in eastern India    M J REW
2003    MPhil    Newcastle    Development and land relations in tribal India: a study of Chotanagpur    Richard ROBERTS    P W Kellett
2003    PhD    Edinburgh    William Roxburgh (1751-1815)the founding father of Indian botany    Timothy Francis ROBINSON
2003    DPhil    Sussex    Representing rebellion: visual aspects of counter-insurgency in colonial India    Daniel J RYCROFT
2003    PhD    Wawick    Malaysian pre-school children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in inclusive settings    S SAAD
2003    PhD    Bristol    Voices from an island: a reading of four Sri Lankan novelists in English    D SAIKIA
2003    PhD    Bradford    A social constructionist account of children’s rights under the conditions of globalisation: the issue of child labour in India    G SANGHERA
2003    PhD    Warwick    The knowledge and perspectives about Educational Management Information System (EIS/SMPP) of decision makers in the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MMOE): an enquiry into the implementation of an EMIS    M W SARWANI
2003    PhD    Manchester    Institutions and poverty reduction: a case study of rural Bangladesh    Md Golam SARWAR    Dr J Mullen
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Woman and communal violence in India    Atreyee SEN    Dr D Mosse
2003    PhD    Manchester    Information technology and the construction industry in Pakistan    Ali SHAR    Prof S Guy
2003    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    The making of modern Assam, 1826-1935    Jayeeta SHARMA    Prof C A Bayley
2003    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Arsenic mobility in sediments and contamination of he Bengal Basin    Darren SHAW
2003    PhD    Bradford    Microfinance and social change: a case study of household finance, development and change in gender relations in rural Bangladesh    M N I SHEKH
2003    DPhil    Sussex    Resisting stigma and interventions: situating trafficked Nepali women’s struggles for self-respect, safety and security in Mumbai and Nepal    M M SHIVADAS
2003    PhD    Leicester    Violence as non communication: the news differential of Kashmir and north east conflicts in the Indian national press    Prasun SONWALKAR    Prof A Sreberny
2003    PhD    Aberdeen    Factors affecting tree growing in traditional agriforestry systems in Werstern Himalaya, India    K K SOOD
2003    PhD    Brunel    Moral continuity: Gujerati kinship, women, children and rituals    Alison SPIRO, Mary
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Social exclusion and cohesion: the case of leprosy in South India    James STAPLES    Dr D Mosse
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Bringing the Empire back in: patterns of growth in the British imperial state, 1890-1960 (with special reference to Indian and Africa)    Gita SUBRAHMANYAM
2003    PhD    Birmingham    Imagining Hinduism: a post colonial perspective    S SUGIRTHARAJAH
2003    PhD    Manchester    A feminist analysis of “white-ness” in an Indian research context    Maria SUMMERSON    Prof L Stanley
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Prostitution and the law in Pakistan: a case study of Lahore’s Hira Mandi    R TAK
2003    PhD    Open    South Asian women and the construction of political identity    S TAKHAR
2003    PhD    Warwick    Foreign music: linguistic estrangement and its textual effects in Joyce, Beckett, Nabokov and Rushdie    J TAYLOR
2003    DPhil    Oxford, Wadham    Monetary remedy for breach of constitutional rights in the United States, India, New Zealand and the United Kingdom    Lisa Anne TORTELL    Prof P P Craig
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Literature and the politics of identity in Orissa    Lopamudra TRIPATHY    Dr S Kaviraj
2003    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    Growth empirics within a low income country: evidence from states in India,1960-1992    Kamakshya D TRIVEDI    Dr G M F Cameron
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Rebels and devotees of Jharkhand: social, religious and political transformation among the Adivasis of northern India    Barbara VERARDO
2003    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Institutional change and natural resource management: the case of forest policy reform in India    Bhaskar VIRA    Prof P H Nolan
2003    PhD    East Anglia    Embodied working lives: manual labouring in Maharashtra, India    Louise WAITE    Dr C Jackson; Dr R Palmer-Jones
2003    PhD    Warwick    Pakistan’s teaching hospitals: present measures quality and proposed quality improvement programmes    G WAJID
2003    DPhil    Oxford, St Cross    Bangladeshi pupils: experiences, identity and achievement    Sue WALTERS    Dr C W R Davies; Prof S Tomlinson
2003    PhD    East Anglia    The growth of the Indian software industry: a social history    Meera WARRIER    Dr K Sen
2003    PhD    Edinburgh    Stereotyped Scots: representations and realities of Scottish missionary and military experience in colonial and post-independence Pakistan    Jeremy WESTON
2003    PhD    Wales    Pandita Ramabai (1858-1922): a re-evaluation of her life and work    Keith J WHITE
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Lucy     The world is established through the work of existence: the performance of Gham-Khadi among Pukhtun Bibiane in northern Pakistan:    Amineh A AHMED    Dr S B Bayly
2004    PhD    Hull    Political regime change and local government in Bangladesh    Tariq AHMED    L Summers
2004    MPhil    Bradford    Community level conflict transformation for sustainable peace: a Barefoot University for peace education in Sri Lanka    Monica ALFRED
2004    MPhil    De Montfort    Arsenic speciation in foodstuffs from Bangladesh and a method for arsenic removal from water    Shaban W AL-RMAILLY
2004    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    The portfolio behaviour of the GCC islamic and conventional banks    Abdulaziz Mohammad N AL-SAEED
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre    Just a pile of stones ! The politicization of identity , indigenous knowledge and sacred landscapes among the Lepcha and the Bhutia tribes in contemporary Sikkim, India    Vibha ARORA    Prof D Parkin; Prof M J Banks
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Campion Hall    From outcaste to caste: the use of symbols and myths in the construction of identity: a study of conflict between the Paraiyars and the Vanniyars in Tamil Nadu, South India    Chockalingam Joe ARUN    Dr M J Banks
2004    PhD    Durham    Economic and structural reforms and bank efficiency: a comparative analysis of India and Pakistan, 1990-1998    A ATAULLAH
2004    PhD    Bradford    Quality assurance in the basic nurse education programme in Pakistan: a case study aimed at improving the quality assurance practices in the basic nurse education in Pakistan    A AZIZ
2004    PhD    Greenwich    A sustainable competitiveness model for strategic alliances: a study of rural entrepreneurs and commercial organisations in Malaysia with special emphasis on Malaysian farmer’s organisations    S A BAHARUM
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    The legisimating vocabulary of group rights in contemporary India    Rochana BAJPAI    Prof M S Freedom; Dr N Gooptu
2004    PhD    Reading    Farmers’ risk and uncertainty perceptions and their influence on farm level decision-making in the cotton-wheat zone of Pakistan’s Punjab    K A BAJWA    Dr T Rehman
2004    PhD    London, InstEd    An evaluation of the impact of school-based resource management and formula funding of schools and on the efficiency and equity of resource allocation in Sri Lanka    Balasooriya Mudiyanselage Jayantha BALASOORIYA    Prof A Little; Prof R Levacic
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Downing    Skill upgrading within informal training: lessons from the Indian auto mechanic    J C BARBER    Dr L Caley
2004    DBA    Strathclyde    The competitive advantage of Pakistan: empirical analysis of the textile/apparel industry    K M BARI
2004    PhD    London, Goldsmiths    In service in India: the ethics of rule and conduct of British administrators and army officers in late nineteenth and early twentieth century India    Jatinder BARN    N Rose
2004    MPhil    SOAS    The dispensary movement in Bombay Presidency: ideology and practice, 1800-1876    Jennifer BLAKE    Prof D Arnold
2004    PhD    Middlesex    The “divine heirarchy”: the social and institutional elements of vulnerability in South India    B BOSHER
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Challenging development: western discourses and Rajasthan women    Tamsin Jane BRADLEY
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Queens    Tectono-metamorphic evolution of the central and western Himalayas    M CADDICK    Dr T J B Holland
2004    PhD    Coventry    Empire and authority:  Curzon, collisions, character and the Raj, 1899-1906    M CARRINGTON
2004    DPhil    Sussex    Bringing citizens back in: public sector reform, service delivery performance and and accountability in an Indian state    Jonathan CASELEY    Dr A Joshi
2004    PhD    Sheffield    Site-formation studies and paleolithic investigations in the Siwalik Hill of northern India: reconsidering the  Soanian history    P R CHAUHAN
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Buddhist nuns in Sri Lanka and Taiwan    W-Y CHENG
2004    PhD    Warwick    Uncovering injustice: towards a Dalit feminist politics in Bangladesh    Shraddha CHIGATERI    C Wright
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    The Da’sanami-Samnyasis: the integration of ascetic lineages into an order    Matthew James CLARK
2004    PhD    Manchester    We are the kings: the children of Dhaka’s streets    Alessandro CONTICINI    D Hulme
2004    PhD    Anglia    Adaptation and change in a traditional society: sustainable development in the context of a Ladakhi village    Robert COOK
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    The Irish expatriate community in British India, c1750-1900    Barry James Conleth CROSBIE    Prof C A Bayley
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Much ado about religion: a critical and annotated translation of the Agamadambara, a satirical play by the 9th century Kashmirian philosopher Bhatta Jayanta    Csaba DEZSO    Prof J A Sanderson
2004    PhD    Manchester    Marginal Indian Punjabi Sikh men; a psychotherapeutic perspective    Kamaldeep Singh DHILLON    Dr C Bates
2004    PhD    Nottingham    Inherited factors in pre-eclampsia: molecular genetic and epidemiological studies in a Sri Lankan population    V H W DISSANAYAKE
2004    PhD    Bristol    Gender and human rights: a discursive study of “violence against women” in Mexico and Pakistan    Silvie DRESSELHAUS    Dr J Weldes; Dr V Hewitt
2004    PhD    Portsmouth    The growth and applicationof Shari’ah in India: a legislative and judicial interpretation since 1947    E EHSANULLAH
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Portugal and Portuguese India, 1870-1961    Bernard Dale ETHELL    Prof P G Robb
2004    PhD    Bradford    Ceramic specialisation and standardisation in early historic South Asia: an interdisciplinary investigation of rouletted ware, grey ware and Arikamedu Type 10    L A FORD
2004    PhD    Hull    Identity, war and the state in India:  the case of the Nagas    Mr T FRANKS
2004    PhD    London, King’s    Improving the quality management systems for pharmaceutical services in developing countries: a case study in Sri Lanka    Piyadasa Galalla GAMAGE
2004    PhD    Oxford, Blackfriars    The Vedantic cosmology of Ramanuja and its western parallels    Robindra GANERI    Prof J S K Ward
2004    PhD    Nottingham    Slavery in ancient Greek poleis and ancient Sri Lanka: a comparison    W M W GEDARA
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Queens’    Of poverty and markets: the political economy of informal waste recovery and plastic recycling in Delhi    K GILL    Dr B Vira
2004    PhD    St Hugh’s    Caitanya Vaisnava Vedanta: acintyabhedabheda of Jiva Gosvani’s Catusutri Tika    Ravi Mohar GUPTA    Dr S Gupta-Gombrich; Prof J S K Ward
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Samaj and unity: the in Bengali literati’s discourse on nationhood,  1867-1905    Swarupa GUPTA    Prof P G Robb
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    The politics of language and nation-building: the Nehruvian legacy and representations of cultural diversity in Sahgal, Rushdie and Seth    A M GUTTMAN
2004    PhD    East Anglia    Understanding gender and intra-household relations: a case study of Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives    Hala HAMEED    Prof C Jackson
2004    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The dynamics of low-caste conversion movements: rural Punjab c 1880-1935    Christopher Gerard Michael HARDING    Prof J M Brown
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Religious mobilisation and the construction of political space in the Indian North West Frontier tribal areas in the early twentieth century    Sana HAROON
2004    MPhil    Leicester    Lord Lake of Laswaree and Delhi, 1744-1808    Roger HARRIS    Dr H V Bowen
2004    PhD    Durham    Detection, monitoring and management of small water bodies: a case study of Shahjadpur Thana, Bangladesh    Khondaker Mohammod Shariful HUDA    Dr P J Atkins; Dr D Donaghue
2004    PhD    Warwick    Problem of national identity of the middle class in Bangladesh and state-satellite television    Zeenat HUDA    Dr P Mukta
2004    PhD    Essex    Initial public offerings in Pakistan    T IMTIAZ
2004    PhD    South Bank    Parental involvement, attitudes and responsibilities in educaton: a case study of parents in Britain and Pakistan    N INAYAT
2004    PhD    Cranfield    Technology catch-up actions for manufacturing companies in Pakistan    N IQBAL

2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Protestant translations of the Bible (1714-1995) and defining a Protestant Tamil identity    Hephziba ISRAEL
2004    PhD    London, LSE    People and tigers: an anthropological study of the Sundarbans of West Belgal, India    A JALAIS
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Queens’    The agency of normal food: performing normality in contemporary urban Bengal    Manpreet Kaur JANEJA    Prof C Humphrey
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    Bridging the digital divide: regulating universal access in India    Akash K KAPUR    Ms B Morgan
2004    PhD    Reading    Constraints and opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and forest management in the mountains of North West Frontier Province, Pakistan    Jahangir KHAN    Dr H M Jones
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Selwyn    Ecology and conservation of the Bengal tiger in the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangadesh    M M H KHAN    Dr D J Chivers
2004    PhD    De Montfort    Temple architecture of Bengal 9th to 16th centuries    A KHARE
2004    PhD    Keele    Reconstructing rights: an analysis of the role of rights in reconstructing gender relations in the earthquake affected area, Maharashtra, India    Jane KRISHNADAS
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Resolution and rupture: the paradox of violence in witch accusations in Chhatisgarh, India    Helen M MACDONALD    Dr D Mosse
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Resolution and rupture: the paradox of violence in witch accusations in Chhattisgarh, India    Helen M MacDONALD
2004    PhD    Edinburgh    Pious flames: changing Western interpretations of widow burning in India to 1860    Andrea MAJOR    Dr C Bates; Dr I Duffield
2004    PhD    Oxford, St John’s    Cricket in colonial India, 1850-1947    Boria MAJUMDAR    Dr D A Washbrook
2004    PhD    Nottingham    Land tax administration and compliance attitudes in Malaysia    N A A MANAF
2004    PhD    London, King’s    Countering hegemony: the geopolitics of agrobiotechnology and the regulatory role of the Indian state    Martin MANSKI    M Mulligan
2004    PhD    Birmingham    The interdependency and the relationship between the government and private sector and their changing role in the development of micro island tourism in the Maldives    Abdulla MAUSOOM
2004    PhD    Durham    Travelling knowledges: urban poverty and slum/shack dwellers international    Colin McFARLANE    Dr G Macleod
2004    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    The establishment and growth of selected pioneer tree species from disturbed tropical rainforest sites in Malaysia    H MD NOOR
2004    PhD    London, King’s    Reterritorialising transnational corporate hegemony: the geopolitics of agribiotechnology and the regulatory role of the state in India    Martin MENSKI
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Zorastrian music    Raiomond MIRZA    Prof O Wright; Dr R Widdess
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Space, borders and histories: identity in colonial Goalpura (India)    Sanghamitra MISRA    Prof P G Robb
2004    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Crystal structure of north east India and southern Tibet and a comparison with thelithosphere of the stable Indian shield    S MITRA    Dr K F Priestley
2004    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The British in India and their domiciled brethern: race and class in the colonial context, 1858-1930    Satoshi MIZUTANI    Dr D A Washbrook
2004    MPhil    Leeds    Enabling and disabling factors of community cohesion among Pakistani Muslims in Bradford    Dominic J MOGHAL    Dr K Knott
2004    PhD    London , UC    Reworking modernity: the impact of resettlement in the Narmada valley, India    Kuheli MOOKERJEE    Dr C Dwyer; Dr A Varley
2004    PhD    London, InstArch    An examination of the spatial and temporal variation of lithic technology throughout the early Bronze Age of Pakistan    Justin Collard MORRIS    K Thomas
2004    PhD    London, UC    Lithic technology and cultural change during the late prehistoric period of northwest South Asia    J C MORRIS
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Lucy     Markets, transport and the state of Bengal economy, c.1750-1800    T MUKHERJEE    Prof C A Bayley
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    The perception of the “medieval” in Indian popular films, 1920s -1960s    Urvi MUKHOPADHYAY    Dr D Ali; Dr R Dwyer
2004    PhD    Cambridge    Impact of food supplementation on pregnancy weight gain and birth weight in rural Bangladesh    Shamsun NAHAR
2004    PhD    Cambridge. Sidney    Caught in the digital divide: transforming meanings of space, gender and identity for high tech professionals in Bangalore city, India    Roopa NAIR    Prof S E Corbridge
2004    PhD    Reading    The motivation of masons in the Sri Lankan construction industry    Leyon NANAYAKKARA
2004    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    Second World War Japanese atrocities and British minor war crimes trials: the issue of fair trial in the four selected British minor war crimes trials in Malaya and Singapore    A NARAYAN
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    The Gandavyuha-sutra: a study of wealth, gender and power in an Indian Buddhist narrative    Douglas Edward OSTO
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Archaic knowledge, tradition and authenticity in colonial north India    Rakesh PANDEY    Dr D Ali
2004    PhD    West of England    Performance measurement and evaluation of supply chain: the Indian automobile industry    B PATEL
2004    PhD    Aberdeen    Emergency obstetric care: needs of poor women in Bangladesh    E PITCHFORTH
2004    PhD    London, LSE    Multinationals, local firms and economic reforms in Indian industry    Tushar PODDAR
2004    PhD    Birmingham    Mineral chemistry and metal extraction of Sri Lanka beach sands    W A P PREMARATNE
2004    PhD    London, LSE    A micro-econometric analysis of alcohol prohibition in India    L RAHMAN
2004    PhD    London, Wye    Measurement of productivity and efficiency of rice farmers in Bangladesh: an empirical study    Mohamed Mizanur RAHMAN
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    Seismic characteristics of the southern Indian and the adjacent pan-African high grade terranes of Gondwanaland    Abhishek Kumar RAI    Dr K F Priestley
2004    PhD    Leeds    Nation, celebration and selected works of Michel Ondaatje and Carol Shields    Gillian Marie ROBERTS
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Gonville    HLA-DBQ1 – reproduction and health in consanguinous and non consanguinous families in Bangladesh    S ROY CHOUDHURY    Dr L A Knapp
2004    PhD    Leeds    The Sixteenth Landers, 1822-1846: the experience of regimental soldiering in India    J H RUMSBY
2004    PhD    Newcastle    Trade reforms: total factor productivity and profitability of manufacturing sectors in Pakistan    Naveeda SALAM
2004    PhD    Open    Psychedelic whiteness: rave tourism and the materiality of race in Goa    Joseph Johannes Arun SALDANHA    Dr J D Robinson; Prof D B Massey
2004    PhD    Manchester    The effect of globalisation on the grassroots women in Bangladesh    Nasreen SATTAR    Ms S Rowbotham
2004    PhD    London, LSE    Understanding the state: an anthropological study of rural Jharkhand, India    A SHAH
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    The Balochi verb: an etymological study    Azim SHAHBAKHSH
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    State and society in: Gujerat, c.1200-1500: the making of a region    Samira SHEIKH    Dr D A Washbrook
2004    PhD    Edinburgh    Living with HIV/AIDS: turning points, transitions and transformations in the lives of women in Bombay and Edinburgh    Dina Pervez SIDHVA
2004    PhD    Cambridge    Exploring inclusive education in an Indian context    N SINGAL
2004    PhD    Birmingham    The question of method in Dalit theology: in search of a systematic approach of an Indian liberation theology    Charles SINGARAM
2004    MPhil    Wales, Swansea    Policy and practice of forest management through local institutions in Himachal Pradesh, India    M P SOOD
2004    PhD    South Bank    Health beliefs and health practices of South Asian and British white adults with and without myocardial infarction    Dooroowadave SOOKHOO
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre    Secularism in Salman Rushdie’s “Midnight’s children” and Vikram Seth’s “A suitable boy”: history, nation, language    Neelam F R SRIVASTAVA    Dr J A Mee
2004    PhD    Cardiff    Crossing boundaries: an ethnography of occupational socialization of post-diploma baccalaureate nursing students in Pakistan    Grace D STANLEY
2004    PhD    Cardiff    Crossing boundaries: an ethnography of occupational socialization of post-diploma baccalaureate student nurses in Pakistan    Grace Dianne STANLEY    M Neary; G A Donald
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Downing    From “Palestine” [poem] to India: Bishop Heber’s poetic pilgrimage    I TAKAHASHI    Dr N J Leask
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Towards a definitive grammar of Bengali: a study and critique of research on selected grammatical structures    Hanne-Ruth THOMPSON    Dr W Radice
2004    PhD    Birmingham    Support and supervision of secondary school teachers in Bangladesh    H THORNTON
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Worcester    Tectonic, metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the central Karakoram crust, northern Pakistan    aNDREW THOW    Dr D J Waters; Prof R R Parrish; Dr M P Searle
2004    DPhil    Oxford, St Cross    The grammar and poetics of Murti-Seva: Caitanya Vaisnava image worship as discourse, ritual and narrative    Kenneth R VALPEY    Dr S Gupta-Gombrich; Prof J S K Ward
2004    PhD    Birmingham    Differences in school performance between Tamil Brahmin and Malabar Muslim children in Kerala, India: a socio-cutural approach    V P VAZHALANICKAL
2004    PhD    Open    Science, technology and agency in the development of drought prone areas: a cognitive history of drought and scarcity    Linden Faith VINCENT    Prof D V Wield
2004    PhD    Coventry    Partition and locality: case studies of the impact of partition and its aftermath in the Punjab region, 1947-1961    Pritpal VIRDEE    Prof I A Talbot
2004    PhD    Cambridge, St Edmund’s    Eating and identity in the novels of V S Naipaul, Anita Desai, Timothy Mo and Salman Rushdie    Paul Matthew John VLITOS    Dr A D B Poole
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Thuggee and the “construction” of crime in early nineteenth century India    Kim Ati WAGNER    Prof C A Bayley
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Emmanuel    Between bureaucrats and beneficiaries: the implementation of eco-development:in Pench tiger reserves, India    Jo L WOODMAN    Dr B Vira
2004    PhD    Glasgow    The analysis of human mitochondrial DNA in peninsular Malaysia    Z ZAINUDDIN
2004    PhD    London, King’s    Remote sensing and GIS based assessment of El-Nino related fire activity on Borneo, 1982-1998    Athanossios ZOUMAS
2005    PhD    Loughborough    Alternative arrangements for water supply in urban areas: case studies in Karachi, Pakistan    Noman AHMED
2005    PhD    London, UC    Through “spirits”: cosmology and landscape ecology among the Nyishi tribe of upland Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India    Alexander AISHER    Dr C Pinney; Dr M Banerjee
2005    PhD    Keele    The cultural politics of production: ethnicity, gender and the labour process in Sri Lanka tea plantations    Chandana G ALAWATTAGE
2005    PhD    London, King’s    Studies on slected Malaysian plants as antidiabetic agent    H M ALI
2005    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Equality of educational opportunity and public policy in Bangladesh    Mohammad Niaz ASADULLAH    Dr R Kingdon; Dr S Dercon
2005    PhD    London, LSE    Structural changes in East Asia: factor accumulation, technological progress and economic geography    Shuvojit BANERJEE
2005    PhD    Manchester    The politics of market space in Calcutta, India: past and present    Martin BEATTIE    Prof S Guy
2005    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Missionary education knowledge and and north Indian society, c 1880- 1915    Hayden John-Andrew BELLENOIT    Dr D A Washbrook
2005    PhD    London, King’s    The changing goddess: the religious lives of Hindu women in West Bengal    Cynthia BRADLEY    Prof F Hardy
2005    PhD    London, UC    Mental illness, medical pluralism and Islamism in Sylhet, Bangladesh    Alyson Fleur CALLAN    Prof R Littlewood
2005    PhD    London, SOAS    Muzaffar Ahmad, Calcutta and socialist politics, 1913-1929    Suchetana CHATTOPADYHYAY    Prof P G Robb
2005    PhD    East Anglia    Surface tension: water and agrarian change in a rainfed village, West Bengal, India    Daniel COPPARD    Dr B Lankford
2005    PhD    Edinburgh    Sri Pada: diversity and exclusion in a sacred site in Sri Lanka    Delkandura Arachchige Premakumara DE SILVA
2005    PhD    London, LSHTM    Social capital and maternal mental health: a cross cultural comparison of four developing countries [Peru, India, Ethiopia, Vietnam]    Mary Joan DE SILVA    Ms S Huttly; Prof T Harpham
2005    PhD    Cambridge. Trinity Hall    Second language acquisition of articles and plural markings by Bengali learners of Engish    Hildegunn DIRDAL    Dr T Parodi
2005    MPhil    London, UC    The servant/employer relationship in19th century England and India    Fae Ceridwen DUSSART    Prof C M Hall
2005    PhD    London, Royal Holloway    Analysing the impact of labour and education laws on child labour in Pakistan during the 1990s    T FASIH
2005    PhD    London, Inst Ed    Ways forward to achieve school effectiveness and school improvement: a case study of school leadership and teacher professional development in Sri Lanka    B N A B FERNANDO
2005    PhD    London, SOAS    Surrendering to the earth: a feminine interpretation of Dharma worship in Bengal with special reference to ‘Sunya Purana    Fabrizio FERRARI
2005    PhD    Edinburgh    Twentieth century South Asian Christian theological engagement with religious pluralism: its challenges for pentecostalism in India    Geomon Kizhakkemalayil GEORGE
2005    MPhil    Birmingham    Sikhism and violence    P GILL
2005    PhD    Cambridge, Gonville     Inverted metamorphism in the Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalay: structural, metamorphic and numerical studies    S GOSWAMI    Prof M J Bickle
2005    MPhil    West of  England    A study of “enabling conditions” in primary schools in Negombo Education Zone in Sri Lanka with special reference to effective leadership and physical and material resources    Egodawatte Arachchige Don GUNAWARDENA
2005    DPhil    Oxford, St Cross    Discourses of religion and development: agency, empowerment and choices or Muslim women in Gujerat, India    Laila N HALANI    Dr M J Banks
2005    PhD    Reading    Farmers’ decision-making in rice pest management: implications for farmer field school approaches in Bangladesh    Mohammad Abdul HAMID    Dr D D Shepherd
2005    PhD    Manchester    A fire of tongues: narrative patterning in the Sanskrit Mahabharata    James Marcel HEGARTY
2005    PhD    London, Queen Mary    Intellectual property law and e-commerce in Sri Lanka: towards a jurisprudence based on consitution, Roman-Dutch law and Buddhist principles    T S K HEMARATNE
2005    PhD    Edinburgh    Rights based development: formal and process approaches in Pakistan    Shiona Mary HOOD
2005    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    Ecology, economy and society in the eastern Bengal delta, c.1840-1943    Khondker Iftekhar IQBAL    Prof C A Bayley
2005    PhD    Plymouth    International freight transport multimodal development in developing countries: the case of Bangladesh    Dewan Mohammad Zahurul ISLAM    Dr R Gray
2005    DPhil    Sussex    Women, employment and the family: poor informal sector women workers in Dhaka city    Farzana ISLAM    Dr H Standing
2005    PhD    London, LSE    Assessing the impact of Gujerat’s resettlement and rehabilitation policy on the livelihoods of women and their empowerment post-displacement    Anupma JAIN
2005    PhD    Open    Volcanic architecture of the Deccan Traps, western Maharashtra, India: an integrated chemostratigraphic and paleomagnetic study    Anne E JAY
2005    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    Cross cultural perspectives in contemporary Sri Lankan writing in English    Sharanya JAYAWICKRAMA    Dr P Gopal
2005    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    India divided: state and society in the aftermath of partitition: the case of Uttar Pradesh, 1946-1952    Yasmin KHAN    Prof J M Brown; Prof I A Talbot
2005    PhD    London, LSE    Soldiers’ experience of war, Burma 1942-1945    Tatjana Genoveva Ursula KRALJIC    Prof M Knox
2005    MPhil    West of England    An investigation of primary teachers’ professional attitudes in Sri Lanka with special reference to Negombo Educational Zone    Nihil Tissa Kumara LOKULIYANA
2005    DPhil    Oxford    Implications of displacement and resettlement for the Gonds of central India    Preeti MANN    Dr D Chatty; Dr M J Banks
2005    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    Women’s human rights in Islam and international human rights regime: the case of Pakistan    N MIAN
2005    PhD    London, SOAS    Merchants, markets and the monopoly of the East India Company: the salt trade in Bengal under colonial control c. 1790-1836    Sayako MIKI    Prof P G Robb
2005    PhD    London,  SOAS    The transmission and performance for khyai composition in the Gwalior gharana of India vocal music    A D MORRIS
2005    PhD    Essex    A case of interest maximisation? Military-civil bureaucratic behaviour and political outcomes in Bangladesh (1975-1990)    Khairuzzaman MOZUMDER
2005    EdD    Birmingham    Exploring the potential for educational change through participatory and democratic approaches in Pakistan    N MUHAMMAD
2005    PhD    Nottingham    United Nations charter and treaty-based international human rights monitoring in relation to the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment: a study of two states, the United Kingdom and the Republic of India    A MUKHERJEE
2005    DPhil    Sussex    Knowledge, identity, place and (cyber)space: growing up male and middle class in Bangalore    N C NISBETT
2005    PhD    Edinburgh    Case study of a health-oriented NGO in Pakistan    Madeline PATTERSON
2005    PhD    Edinburgh    From medical relief to community health care: a case study of non-governmental organisation (Frontier Primary Health Care) in North Western Province, Pakistan    Margaret Madeline PATTERSON
2005    dpHIL    Oxford, Balliol    Through district eyes: local raj and the myth of the Punjab tradition in British India, 1858-1907    Dara Milnes PRICE    Dr D A Washbrook
2005    PhD    London, SOAS    The sant traditioin and community formation in the works of Guru Nanak and Dadu Dayal    Susan Elizabeth PRILL    Dr C Shackle
2005    PhD    King’s, London    Gender disadvantage as a risk factor for common mental disorder in women residing in Rawalpindi/Islamabad    F QADIR
2005    EdD    Durham    Nurse education, foreign aid and development: a case study from Bangladesh    Patricia ROBSON
2005    DPhil    Sussex    Tamil youth: the performance of hierarchical masculinities: an anthropological study of youth groups in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India    M C ROGERS
2005    PhD    London, Insti Comm    Socio-economic rights as constitutional human rights: Canada, South Africa and India compared    Desa ROSEN    Dr M Craven (SOAS); Dr P Gready
2005    PhD    London, SOAS    Early photography in India, 1850s-1870s    Stephanie S ROY
2005    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Sentimental imperialism: British literature and India, 1770-1830    Andrew John RUDD    Dr N J Leask
2005    PhD    Edinburgh    Conversion and communication: Christian communication and indigenous agency in conversion among the Kui people of Orissa, India, 1835-1970    Jagat Ranjan SANTRA
2005    PhD    London, SOAS    The formation of Islamic community identity in medieval north India    Nilanjan SARKAR    Dr D Ali
2005    PhD    London, SOAS    The political identity of the Delhi Sultanate, 1200-1400: a study of Zia ud-din Barani’s Fatawa-i-Jahandari    Nilanjan SARKAR    Dr D Ali
2005    PhD    London, SOAS    Globalization and identity: Sikh nationalism, diaspora and international relations    Giorgiandrea SHANI
2005    PhD    Sheffield    Structure and composition of India’s exports with speial reference to India’s post- liberalisation period    Abhijit SHARMA
2005    PhD    De Montfort    Colonial intervention and urban transformation: a case studyof Shahjahanabad, Old Delhi    J P SHARMA
2005    PhD    London, SOAS    A study of the Amaravati stupa: the chronology and social contexts of an early historic Buddhist site in the Lower Krishna Valley    Akira SHIMADA    Dr D Ali
2005    DPhil    Oxford, Green    The business of schooling:the school choice processes, markets and institutions governing low-fee provate schooling for disadvantaged groups in India    Prachi SRIVASTAVA    Dr M Birbili; Prof G Walford
2005    DPhil    Oxford    The experience of four famines in NWP & O (1837-1838, 1860- 1861; 1868-1869; 1896-1897): the gainers and the losers    Seema SRIVASTAVA
2005    MPhil    Nottingham    The effects of Asean on trade flows and assessing trade flows of the candidate country (case study: India)    Puttachat SUWANKIRI
2005    PhD    Edinburgh    Prime time and prayer time: television, religion and the practices of everyday life of Marthoma Christians in Kerala, India    Sham Padinjattethil THOMAS
2005    PhD    Strathclyde    Car dependency and traffic congestion: a case of a Malaysian city in Borneo    L TSESED KONG
2005    MPhil    Dundee    Motivation and incentives in government organisations: a study of the Income Tax Department in India    Mohanish VERMA
2005    PhD    Cambridge, Jesus    Seeking cultural safety: NGO responses to HIV/AIDS among South Asians in Delhi and London    Hannah Jill WESTON    Dr G Kearns
2005    MPhil    London, King’s    Sri Lankan perceptions of health and illness: quantitative and qualitative approaches    Yapa Mudiyanselage Charitha Gothami WIJERATNE
2005    PhD    Sunderland    Women’s ordination in Theravada Buddhism:ancient evidence and modern debates    L WILLIAMS
2005    PhD    London, SOAS    Literate networks and the production of Sgaw and Pwo Karen writing in Burma, c.1830-1930    William Burgess WOMACK    Dr M Charney Professor Ian Brown
2005    PhD    Nottingham    Predictors of language learning success in Bangladeshi secondary education institutions    Feroza YASMIN    Prof Z Dornyel
2006    PhD    London, LSHTM    Quality of care for reproductive tract morbidities by rural private practitioners in north India    Meenakshi GAUTHAM
2006    DPhil    Sussex    Poor women’s experiences of marriage and love in the city of New Delhi: every day stories of Sukh and Dukh    Shalini GROVER
2006    PhD    Newcastle    Valuation techniques of protected areas: a case study of Gir, Gujarat, India    Mohan Lal SHARMA
2006    PhD    London, Imperial    Contaminated irrigaton water and food safety in India    Kerry Vivienne SWANTON

Table 2: List of theses with incomplete data, listed alphabetically by the University and College followed by the AUTHOR (in capital letters) followed by the Supervisor(s) where available and the thesis Title. The Year and/or  Degree were not available in the public database.  If you are an author or supervisor or other academic representative, please write in with these details if possible.

Aberdeen    Sultan Ali ADIL        An economic analysis of energy use in irrigated agriculture of Punjab        PhD
Birmingham 0.365217391    S A KARUNANAYAKE        An evaluation of the present system of local government in Ceylon in the light of national needs for unity and economic and social development and proposals for appropriate changes        PhD
Birmingham 0.369264706    M G KANBUR        Spatial equilibrium analysis of trhe rice economy of South India    2000
BradfordCambridge, Trinity    Z KHAN        The development of overt nuclear weapon states in South Asia        PhD
Cambridge    Katherine Helen PRIOR        The British administration of Hinduism in India, 1780-1900        PhD
Cambridge    G CHAKRAVARTY        Imagining resistance: British historiography and popular fiction on the Indian Rebellion of 1857-1859        PhD
Cambridge 0.327375    Ajit Kumar GHOSE        Production organisation, markets and resource use in Indian agriculture        PhD
Cambridge 0.361285714    M J EGAN        A structural analysis of a Sinhalese healing ritual        PhD
Cambridge, King’s 0.301    J A LAIDLAW        The religion of Svetambar Jain merchants in Jaipur        PhD
Cambridge, Pembroke    H T  FRY    Prof E E Rich    Alexander Dalrymple, cosmographer and servant of the East India Company        PhD
Cambridge, Trinity    Magnus Murray MARSDEN    Dr S B Bayly    Islamization and globalization in Chitral, Northern Pakistan
Cambridge, Trinity Hall    C J JEFFREY    Dr S E Corbridge    Reproducing difference: the accumulation strategies of richer Jat farmers in Western Uttar Pradesh, India    2002
Cambridge, Wolfson    Gethin REES    DrD K Chakrabarti    Buddhism and trade: rock cut caves of the Western Ghats        PhD
Cranfield, Silsoe    Ariyaratne DISSANAYAKE    J Morris    Research and development and extension for agricultural mechanisation in Sri Lanka
De Montfort    S JAIN        The havelis of Rajasthan: form and identity        PhD
Durham 0.401311475    M F A KHAN        The arid zone of West Pakistan        PhD
East Anglia    John HARISS        Technological change in agricultural and agrarian social structure in Northen Tamil Nadu, India        PhD
Edinburgh    N THIN        High spirits and heteroglossia: forest festivals of the Nilgiri Irulas        PhD
Edinburgh    AKSHAY KHANNA        Sexuality as a political object in civil society: active formations in India    2003
Edinburgh    Rebecca WALKER        Concepts of peace in conflict situations in Sri Lanka        PhD
Glasgow    Sana KHOKHAR    Dr F Noorbakhsh; Dr A Paloni    An evaluation of the structural adjustment and economic reform programme: a case study of Pakistan        MPhil
Lancaster    J A BURR        Cultural stereotypes and the diagnosis of depression: women from South Asian communities and their experience of mental distress    1980
Leeds    E K TARIN        Health sector reforms: factors influencing the policy process for government initiatives in the Punjab (Pakistan) health sector, 1993-2000        PhD
Leeds 0.35375    A P A FERNANDO        Agricultural development of Ceylon since independence (1948-1968)- an investigation into some aspects of agricultural development in Ceylon and an evaluation of major agricultural policies adopted in the peasant sector        PhD
Leeds 0.35375    M S KHAN        Policies and planning for agricultural development with a high population density: a case study of East Pakistan        PhD
London    F R M HASAN        Ecology and rural class relations in Bangladesh: a study with special reference to three villages        PhD
London    B GHOSH    Dr Anstey    The Indian salt industry, trade and taxation        PhD
London    R L HATFIELD        Management reform in a centralised environment: primary education administration in Balochistan, Pakistan, 1992-1997        MSc
London    GAYAS-UD-DIN        Medical library and information system for India        PhD
London    Sarmistha PAL        Choice of casual and regular labour contracts in Indian agriculture: a theoretical and empirical analysis    2000
London,  SOAS    Pillarisetti SUDHIR    Mr Chaudhuri    British attitudes to Indian nationalism, 1922-1935    2001 (Apropos the author’s correction in the Comments section, this entry has been moved to the main list.)
London, External 0.357464789    A A KHATRI        Marriage and family relationships in Gujerati fiction        PhD
London, Imperial    Sinniah JEYALINGAWATHANI        Thr utilisation of indigenous and imported Bos indicus breeds in the dry zone of Sri Lanka    2002
London, LSE    A KUNDU    Prof Allen; Mr Booker    Statistical measures of five year plans in India    2003
London, LSE    Flora Elizabeth CORNISH    Dr C Campbell    Constructing an actionable environment: colelctive action for HIV prevention among Kolkata sex workers        MPhil
London, LSE 0.423157895    B P DUTIA        Economic aspects of production and marketing of cotton in India        PhD
London, LSHTM    Margaret J LEPPARD        Obstetric care in a Bangladeshi hospital: an organisational ethnography        PhD
London, LSHTM    Steven RUSSELL        Can households afford to be ill ? the role of the health system, maternal resources and social networks in Sri Lanka        PhD
London, LSHTM    Syed Mohd Akramuz ZAMAN        Cohort study of the effect of measles on childhood morbidity in urban Bangladesh        PhD
London, LSHTM    Mrigesh Roopchandra BHATIA        Economic evaluation od malaria control in Surat, India: bednets versus residual insecticide apray        PhD
London, SOAS    A B M MAHMOOD    Mr Harrison    The land revenue history of the Rajshahi zamindari, 1765-1793        PhD
London, SOAS    Oliver David SPRINGATE-BAGINSKY    Dr S I Jewitt    Sustainable development through particpatory forest management: an analysis of the long term role of the cooperative forest societies of Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, India        PhD
London, SOAS    Isabella NARDI    Dr G Tillotson    The Citrasutras: the Indian theory of painting    1929?    MA
London, SOAS    Angela ATKINS    Dr R Snell    The Indian novel in English and Hindi        PhD
London, SOAS    Angela C EYRE        Land, language and literary identity: a thematic comparison of Indian novels in Hindi and English        MA
London, SOAS    Rajit Kumar MAZUMDER    Prof P G Robb    The making of Punjab: colonial power, the Indian army and recruited peasants, 1849-1939        MA
London, SOAS    Lalita Nath PANIGRAHI    Prof a l Basham    The practice of female infanticide in India and its suppression in the North Western Provinces        PhD
London, SOAS 0.318795181    Terumichi KAWAI        Freedom of religion in comparative constitutional law with special reference to the UK, US, India and Japan        MPhil
London, SOAS 0.3432    W P KINNEY    Dr M Caldwell; P C Ayre    Aspects of economic development in Malaya        MA
London, SOAS 0.35375    K D GAUR        Economic crimes relating to income tax in India: a critical analysis of tax evasion and tax avoidance        PhD
London, SOAS 0.35375    A GHAFFAR        Protection of personal liberty under the Pakistan constitution        BLitt
London, SOAS 0.35375    K P MISHRA    Dr J B Harrison    The administration and economy of the Banaras region, 1738-1795        BLitt
London, SOAS 0.382153846    K M KARIM        The provinces of Bihar and Bengal under Shabjahan    2003
Manchester    A BERADLEY    Prof Muir    Settlement of the Madras Presidency, 1765-1827        MA
Manchester    W A G HARRINGTON        The theory and practice of non-formal education in developing countries with case studies from India        PhD
Manchester    Jane HAGGIS        Professional ladies and working wives: female missionaries in the London Missionary Society and its South Travancoe District, South India, 1850-1900         MPhil
Manchester 0.401311475    S T G FERNANDO        A historical and analytical account of export taxation in Ceylon, 1802-1958        PhD
Manchester 0.411864407    R L KUMAR        India’s post-war balance of payments sincce 1945-1955        DPhil
Manchester 0.417413793    T S EPSTEIN        A comparative study of economic change and differentiation in two South Indian villages        PhD
Manchester Metropolitan    S PAREKH        Relationships between children with cerebral palsy and their siblings: an ethnography in Kolkata, India
Newcastle    Alice MALPASS    Dr P Phillimore    Hibred kala: the hybrid age of choice, dissent and imagination: contract faming and genetically modified cotton in Karnataka, South India        MSC
Newcastle 0.373432836    K K KHOSLA        Conditions of labour and labour legislation of industrial workers in India since 1947    2001
North London    Jasmin ARA    Ms R Glanville    Primary health care facilities in Bangladesh: a method of planning and design taking account of limited resources, local technology, future growth and change    2000
Oxford    W M KHAN        An economic evaluation of the alternative uses of land under state forests in Baluchistan    1999
Oxford, Campion Hall    P EKKE    Dr D F Brook    An ethnogaphic survey of the Oraons and the Mundas of Chota-Nagpur    1991
Oxford, Nuffield    Alistair McMILLAN    Dr N Gooptu; Prof A F Heath    Scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and party competition in India    1991
Oxford, St Hilda’s    H Vinita TSENG    Prof R F Gombrich    The Nidanavagga of the Saratthappakasini: the first two vaggas    1993
Oxford, Wolfson    Somadeva VASUDEVA    Prof A G J S Sanderson    The yoga of the Malinivijayottaratantra    1994
Reading 0.38671875    M A KAMAL        Balances and unbalanced growth as exemplified by a decade of planning experience in India    1994
Salford    S CHOWDHURY    Mr E K Grime    Housing in Bangladesh    1998
Sheffield    RITA SAIKIA    Prof M F Lynch    The utility of object-oriented domain specification in the context of a large organisation in India    1998
Southampton 0.369264706    Mohammad A MONDAL        A suggested approach to the solution of the profit measurement and asset valuation with reference to the developing economies of India and Pakisttan    1999
Strathclyde 0.37358209    T G GEHANI        A critical review of the work of Scottish Presbyterian missions in India, 1878-1914    1999
Sussex    R G HESELTINE        The development and impact of jute cultivation in Bengal, 1870-1930    2000
Wales    Animesh HALDER        Potential diversification in India’s export pattern    2000
Wales, Swansea    S S MUKHERJEE        Urban process in Calcutta: some planning implications    2004
Wales, Swansea    Julia CLEEVES        Gender and reproductive health: issues in hormonal contraception in India    2004
Wales, University College of Swansea 0.346621622    E A KUMARASINGHE        Information for health planning in Sri Lanka    1965

The Indian Revolution

The Indian Revolution

by

Subroto Roy

 

Prefatory Note Dec 2008: This outlines what might have happened if (a) Rajiv Gandhi had not been assassinated; (b) I had known at age 36 all that I now know at age 53. Both are counterfactuals and hence this is a work of fiction. It was written long before the Mumbai massacres; the text has been left unchanged.

 

 

“India’s revolution, when it came, was indeed bloodless and non-violent but it was firm and clear-headed and inevitably upset a lot of hitherto powerful people.

 

The first thing the Revolutionary Government declared when it took over in Delhi was that the rupee would become a genuine hard currency of the world economy within 18 months.  This did not seem a very revolutionary thing to say and the people at first did not understand what was meant.  The Revolutionaries explained: “Paper money and the banks have been abused by all previous regimes ruling in Delhi since 1947 who learnt their tricks from British war-time techniques.  We will give you for the first time in free India a rupee as good as gold, an Indian currency as respectable as any other in the world, dollar, pound, yen, whatever.  What you earn with your hard work and resources will be measured by a sound standard of value, not continuously devalued in secret by government misuse”.

 

The people were intrigued but not enlightened much.  Nor did they  grasp things to come when the Revolutionary Government abolished the old Planning Commission, sending its former head as envoy to New Zealand (with a long reading-list); attached the Planning Commission as a new R&D wing to the Finance Ministry; detached the RBI from the Finance Ministry; instructed the RBI Governor to bring proper work-culture and discipline to his 75,000 staff and instructed the Monetary Policy Deputy Governor to prepare plans for becoming a constitutionally independent authority, besides a possible monetary decentralization towards the States.  India’s people did not understand all this, but  there began to be a sense that something was up in Lutyens’ Delhi faraway.

 

The Revolutionary Government started to seem a little revolutionary when it called in  police-chiefs of all States — the PM himself then signed an order routed via the Home Ministry that they were to state in writing, within a fortnight, how they intended to improve discipline and work-culture in the forces they commanded.  Each was also asked to name three reliable deputies, and left in no doubt what that meant.  State Chief Ministers murmured objections but rumours swirled about more to come and they shut up quickly.  The Revolutionary Government sent a terse note to all CMs asking their assistance in implementation of this and any further orders.  It also set up a “Prison Reform and Reconstruction Panel” with instructions to (a) survey all prisons in the country with a view to immediately reduce injustices within the prison-system; (b) enlarge capacity in the event fresh enforcement of the Rule of Law came to demand this.

 

The Revolutionary Government then asked all senior members of the judiciary to a meeting in Trivandrum.  There they declared the judiciary must remain impartial and objective, not show favoritism even to members of the Revolutionary Party itself who might be in court before them for whatever reason.  The judges were assured of carte blanche by way of resources to improve quality of all public services under them; at the same time, a new “Internal Affairs Department” was formed that would assure the public that the Bench and the Bar never forgot their noble calling.  When a former judge and a former senior counsel came to be placed in two cells of the new prison-system, the public finally felt something serious was afoot.  Late night comics on TV led the public’s mirth — “Thieves have authority when judges steal themselves”, waxed one eloquently.

 

The Revolutionary Government’s next step reached into all nooks and crannies of the country.  A large room in the new Finance Ministry was assigned to each State – a few days later, the Revolutionary Government announced it had taken over control under the Constitution’s financial emergency provision of all State budgets for a period of six months at the outset.

 

Now there was an irrepressible outcry from State Chief Ministers, loud enough for the Revolutionary Government to ask them to a national meeting, this time in Agartala.  When the Delhi CM sweetly complained she did not know how to get there, she got back two words “Get there”; and she did.

 

There the PM told the CMs they would get their budgets back some day but only after the Revolutionary Government had overseen their cleaning and restoration to financial health from their current rotten state.   “But Prime Minister, the States have had no physical assets”, one bright young CM found courage to blurt out.

 

“That is the first good question I have heard since our Revolution began,” answered the PM. “We are going to give you the Railways to start with —  Indian Railways will keep control of a few national trains and tracks but will be instructed to devolve control and ownership of all other assets to you, the States.  See that you use your new assets properly”.  There was a collective whoop of excitement.  “During the time your budgets remain with us, get your police, transport, education and hospital systems to work for the benefit of common people, confer with your oppositions about how you can get your legislatures to work at all.  Keep in mind we are committed to making the rupee a hard currency of the world and we will not stand for any waste, fraud or abuse of public moneys. We really don’t want to be tested on what we mean by that. We are doing the same with the Union Government and the whole public sector”.  The Chief Ministers went home nervous and excited.

 

Finally, the Revolutionary Government turned to Lutyens’ Delhi itself. Foreign ambassadors were called in one by one and politely informed a scale-back had been ordered in Indian diplomatic missions in their countries, and hence by due protocol, a scale-back in their New Delhi embassies was called for.  “We are pulling our staff, incidentally, from almost all international and UN agencies too because we need such high-quality administrators more at home than abroad”, the Revolutionary Foreign Minister told the startled ambassadors.

 

Palpable tension rose in the national capital when the Revolutionary Government announced that Members of Parliament would receive public housing of high quality but only in their home constituencies!  The MPs would have to vacate their Delhi bungalows and apartments! “But we are Delhi!  We must have facilities in Delhi!”, MPs cried. “Yes, rooms in nationalized hotels suffice for your legislative needs; kindly vacate the bungalows as required; we will be building national memorials, libraries and museums there”, replied the radicals in power.  Tension in the capital did not subside for weeks because the old political parties all had thrived on Delhi’s social circuit, whose epicenter swirled around a handful of such bungalows.  Now those old power-equations were all lost.  A few MPs decided to boycott Delhi and only work in their constituencies.

 

When the Pakistan envoy was called with a letter for her PM, outlining a process of détente on the USSR-USA pattern of mutual verification of demilitarization, both bloated militaries were upset to see their jobs and perks being cut but steps had been taken to ensure there was never any serious danger of a coup.  The Indian Revolution was in full swing and continued for a few years until coherence and integrity had been forced upon the public finances and currency of a thousand million people….”

see also

Some of My Works, Interviews etc on India’s Money, Public Finance, Banking, Trade, BoP, Land, etc (an incomplete list)

Of a new New Delhi myth and the success of the University of Hawaii 1986-1992 Pakistan project (with 2015 Postscript)

A leading Indian commentator says in this morning’s paper (November 15 2008) about Manmohan Singh:

“His formulation on Kashmir (“I have no mandate to change borders, but we can make borders irrelevant”), became the obvious solution once he articulated it.”

Such may be how  modern New Delhi’s myths and self-delusions  get born — since in fact there is no evidence that Manmohan Singh  or any of his acolytes had anything to do with originating the Pakistan-India peace process in recent decades, just as there has not been that Manmohan Singh or  any of his acolytes had anything to do with originating the  Congress Party’s new economic thinking in 1990-1991.

(Lest I be misunderstood I should add at the outset that I have the highest personal regard for Dr Singh, he has been  in decades past a friend of my father’s, he at my father’s request consented to discuss economics with me in Paris in 1973 when I was a callow lad of 18, he himself has not claimed the originality that has been frequently mis-attributed to him by others for whatever reason, etc.)

The origins of  the idea  about India-Pakistan and J&K expressed by Manmohan Singh’s words are to be found in the last paragraph of the Introduction by the Editors of a book which arose from the University of Hawaii’s 1986-1992 Pakistan project, which read:

“Kashmir… must be demilitarised and unified by both countries sooner or later, and it must be done without force. There has been enough needless bloodshed on the subcontinent… Modern Pakistanis and Indians are free peoples who can voluntarily agree in their own interests to alter the terms set hurriedly by Attlee or Mountbatten in the Indian Independence Act 1947. Nobody but we ourselves keeps us prisoners of superficial definitions of who we are or might be. The subcontinent could evolve its political identity over a period of time on the pattern of Western Europe, with open borders and (common) tariffs to the outside world, with the free movement of people, capital, ideas and culture. Large armed forces could be reduced and transformed in a manner that would enhance the security of each nation. The real and peaceful economic revolution of the masses of the subcontinent would then be able to begin.”

The University of Hawaii’s Pakistan project, involving Pakistani and other scholars, including one Indian, led to the volume Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s published in Karachi, New Delhi and elsewhere. The book reached Nawaz Sharif and the Islamabad elite, including the most hawkish of Islamabad’s hawks, and Pervez Musharraf’s 2006 proposal on J&K, endorsed warmly by the US State Department,  may have grown from that paragraph. The Editors of the book, as economists themselves, decried the waste of resources involved in the Pakistan-India confrontation, saying it had

“greatly impoverished the general budgets of both Pakistan and India. If it has benefited important sections of the political and military elites of  both countries, it has done so only at the expense of the general welfare of the masses.”

Such words were impossibly bold in the  late 1980s-early 1990s.  However,  as stated in  a special editorial article “What to tell Musharraf”     in The Statesman of December 16 2006, they seemed  in recent years incomplete and rather naïve even to their author, who was myself, the only Indian in that project and the one who had conceived it. Most significantly, the position in international law in the context of historical facts had been wholly neglected. So had been the manifest nature of the Pakistani state (as it had become prior to the splendid 2008 elections).

The Hawaii project had involved top Pakistani economists, political scientists and other commentators but had deliberately chosen to keep the military and the religious clergy out of its chapters.  And it was the military and religious clergy who in fact came to dominate Pakistan’s agenda in the 1990s, at least until the 9/11 attacks in America indirectly  altered the political direction of the country.

The peaceful and mundane economic agenda outlined for Pakistan in the Hawaii project  has come into its own  by way of  relevance ever since.  A few weeks ago, the first trucks filled with fruit, woolens and many other goods traversed across the “Line of Control” in J&K for the first time in sixty years.   The Pakistan project that James and I led at the University of Hawaii in the late 1980s may be now declared a success.   Among other things, our book explained to Indians that there does exist a Pakistani point of view and perhaps explained to Pakistanis that there does exist an Indian point of view.  That  is something that had not existed before our book.

pak

Postscript 18 Nov 2015:  I have made clear at Twitter that I find the K.M. Kasuri book promoted and publicized in India by MS Aiyar, S Kulkarni, B Dutt and others in Delhi and Mumbai is mendacious where it is not merely self-serving.  Its clear intent is to get India to accept the (false) ISI/Hurriyat narratives about 1947, Kashmir, Bangladesh, terrorism etc.  Its purported ideas of demilitarisation and a borderless Kashmir are essentially lifted from my earlier 1980s work in America cited above — which I myself have rejected as naive since the Pakistani aggression in Kargil in 1999.  More anon.

Become a US Supreme Court Justice! (Explorations in the Rule of Law in America)

 

For almost two decades, Since the summer of 1988 when *Philosophy of Economics* got accepted for publication, I have found myself in a saga exploring the Rule of Law, the nature of justice and freedom, and the nature of racial animosity and xenophobia in the United States. Judge it here for yourself. Files 1 and 2 marked SCOTUS are the front-matter and Petition for Writ of Mandamus as received by Circuit Justice Sandra Day O’Connor of the Supreme Court of the United States in February 1996. Files 3 to 10 constitute the Appendix of Record giving the rulings of the US District Court for the District of Hawaii and the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, including especially in File 8 the “after-discovered” evidence of how my attorney had been covertly purchased by my opponent. An example of perjured trial testimony is contained in File 2. In September 2007, I asked my opponent — the Government of one of the 50 States — to voluntarily admit its wrongdoings to the present Chief Judge of the US District Court as is required by law. Government lawyers should, after all, try to act lawfully.

file1scotuswritofmandamuspetitionfronmatter

file2scotuspetitionforwritofmandamus

file3recordcoverandcontents

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file5ninthcircuitbriefingscheduleb8tob9

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Become a US Supreme Court Justice! (Explorations in the Rule of Law in America) Preface

For almost two decades, Since the summer of 1988 when *Philosophy of Economics* got accepted for publication, I have found myself in a saga exploring the Rule of Law, the nature of justice and freedom, and the nature of racial animosity and xenophobia in the United States. Judge it here for yourself. There are 10 pdf files in a password protected post of the same name. Please send me an email identifying yourself and offering any reason, including curiosity, that you may have to want to examine the matter.

Files 1 and 2 marked SCOTUS are the front-matter and Petition for Writ of Mandamus as received by Circuit Justice Sandra Day O’Connor of the Supreme Court of the United States in February 1996. Files 3 to 10 constitute the Appendix of Record giving the rulings of the US District Court for the District of Hawaii and the US Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, including especially in File 8 the “after-discovered” evidence of how my attorney had been covertly purchased by my opponent. An example of perjured trial testimony is contained in File 2. In September 2007, I asked my opponent — the Government of one of the 50 States — to voluntarily admit its wrongdoings to the present Chief Judge of the US District Court as is required by law. Government lawyers should, after all, try to act lawfully.

For the files with the evidence please see https://independentindian.com/2008/11/09/become-a-us-supreme-court-justice-explorations-in-the-rule-of-law-in-america/

 

How the Liabilities/Assets Ratio of Indian Banks Changed from 84% in 1970 to 108% in 1998: the PurnimaMihir Graph

This graph was created by me in 2002 from Reserve Bank of India data published until 1998.

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is indiasbanks1.jpg

Although I had been “full professor” at the time for six years at something known as an “Institution of National Importance” in India, I had received not a rupee by way of any research-assistance, and had to be assisted in the creation of this graph by two very elderly lay persons, one aged 87 and another aged 77, who read out over many hours  (despite frail eyesight) long columns of RBI data which I then typed into an Excel file.

[My Research Assistants about six years after they’d helped me create the graph from RBI data…so the graph deserves to be dubbed the PurnimaMihir Graph].

The graph came to be published for the first time to accompany my two-part article “Indian Inflation” published in The Statesman April 15-16 2008,  and available elsewhere here.

The Prime Minister of India has today spoken in India’s Parliament of how sound India’s banking seems to him compared to that in the rest of the world at present.  I  trust he has available to him vast amounts of fresh data since 1998 which  the many members of  his  “Dream Team” of government and other establishment economists  in Delhi and Mumbai have analysed adequately to justify his confidence.  The data in my RBI graph end at 1998 but  they do cover all the years of the PM’s own career as  India’s top economic bureaucrat up through his tenure as Finance Minister in the Narasimha Rao Government.

As it happens, I do think India’s banks are relatively insulated from  the world economy and its present financial crisis but the reason for that insulation has nothing to do with any purportedly better bank governance in India; rather it has to do with the fact the rupee is not a hard convertible currency and therefore there has been a vast and continuing distortion of relative prices (including interest rates and wages) from world prices.

Subroto Roy, 20 October 2008


Growth of Real Income, Money & Prices in India 1869-2008

I have warned against a “monetary meltdown” in India for more than a decade and a half now.  I said it to Rajiv Gandhi (who listened with care and respect) and after he was gone I have said it to Government economists in India, to IMF/World Bank bureaucrats in Washington, to academic audiences in India and the UK and to India’s general newspaper reading public.

Obviously I hope such a meltdown does not come about.   But inflation, or the decline in the value of money, presently is in double-digits even by the Government’s own admission.  (As a general rule, I think the decline in the value of money has been higher by several percent than what the Government says at any given time.)  Hence I am publishing again some results of my macroeconomic research on India over the years.   You are free to use them and communicate with me about them but please acknowledge them properly and do not steal.

The first graph of 1869-2004 data was published in print to accompany my Growth and Government Delusion in The Statesman February 22, 2008; it had also accompanied other similar articles, e.g. The Dream Team: A Critique in January 2006.  The second graph of 1935-2008 data was published in print to accompany my article Indian Inflation in The Statesman of  April 22 2008.

Subroto Roy

John Wisdom, Renford Bambrough: Main Philosophical Works

John Wisdom (1904-1993), Main Philosophical Works:

 

Interpretation and Analysis, 1931

Problems of Mind and Matter 1934

Other Minds, 1952

Philosophy & Psychoanalysis, 1953

Paradox & Discovery, 1965

Logical Constructions (1931-1933),1969

Proof and Explanation (The Virginia Lectures 1957), 1991

Secondary literature:

Wisdom: Twelve Essays, R. Bambrough (ed) 1974

Philosophy and Life: Essays on John Wisdom, I. Dilman (ed) 1984.

(Foreword) The Structure of Metaphysics, Morris Lazerowitz, 1955

“Epilogue: John Wisdom”, The later philosophy of Wittgenstein, David Pole, 1958

 

 

Renford Bambrough (1926-1999), Main Philosophical Works:

“Socratic Paradox”, Philosophical Quarterly, 1960

“Universals and Family Resemblances”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 1960-61

“Plato’s Modern Friends and Enemies”, Philosophy 1962

The Philosophy of Aristotle, 1963

“Principia Metaphysica”, Philosophy 1964

New Essays on Plato and Aristotle (edited by R. Bambrough), 1965

“Unanswerable Questions”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society Supplement 1966

Plato, Popper and Politics (edited by R. Bambrough), 1967

Reason, Truth and God 1969

“Foundations”, Analysis, 1970

“Objectivity and Objects”, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 1971-72

“How to Read Wittgenstein”, in Understanding Wittgenstein, Royal Institute of Philosophy 1972-3

“The Shape of Ignorance”, in Lewis (ed) Contemporary British Philosophy, 1976

Introduction & Notes to Plato’s Republic (Lindsay trans.), 1976

Conflict and the Scope of Reason, 1974; also in Ratio 1978

“Intuition and the Inexpressible” in Katz (ed) Mysticism & Philosophical Analysis, 1978

Moral Scepticism and Moral Knowledge, 1979

“Thought, Word and Deed”, Proceedings of Aristotelian Society Supplement 1980

“Peirce, Wittgenstein and Systematic Philosophy”, MidWest Studies in Philosophy, 1981

“The Scope of Reason: An Epistle to the Persians”, in Objectivity and Cultural Divergence, Royal Institute of Philosophy, 1984

“Principia Metaphysica: The Scope of Reason” also known as “The Roots of Reason”; a work and manuscript mentioned several times but now unknown.

A personal note by Subroto Roy for a public lecture delivered at the University of Buckingham, August 24 2004:

“Renford Bambrough and I met once on January 31 1982, when I had returned to Cambridge from the USA for my PhD viva voce examination. He signed and gave me his last personal copy of Reason, Truth and God. Three years earlier, in 1979, I, as a 24 year old PhD student under F.H. Hahn in economics, had written to him expressing my delight at finding his works and saying these were immensely important to economics; he invited me to his weekly discussion groups at St John’s College but I could not attend. Between 1979 and 1989 we corresponded while I worked in America on my application of his and Wisdom’s work to problems in economics, which emerged in Philosophy of Economics: On the Scope of Reason in Economic Inquiry (Routledge, International Library of Philosophy 1989, 1991), a work which got me into a lot of trouble with American economists (though Milton Friedman and Theodore W. Schultz defended it). Bambrough said of it “The work is altogether well-written and admirably clear”. On another occasion he said he was “extremely pleased” at the interest I had taken in his work. The preface of my book said he was not responsible for the use I had made of his writings, which I reiterate now. Returning to Britain in 2004, I find the work of Wisdom and Bambrough unknown or forgotten, even at the great University North East of Buckingham where they had lived and worked. In my view, they played a kind of modern-day Plato and Aristotle to Wittgenstein’s Socrates; in terms of Eastern philosophy, the wisdom they achieved in their lives and have left behind for us in their work to use and apply to our own problems, make them like modern-day “Boddhisatvas” of Mahayana Buddhism. My lecture “Science, Religion, Art, and the Necessity of Freedom” purports to apply their work to current international problems of grave significance, namely the cultural conflicts made apparent since the September 11 2001 attacks on America. As I am as likely to fail as to succeed in making this application, the brief bibliography given above is intended to direct interested persons to their work first hand for themselves.”

April 2007, March 2020:

See also

Is “Cambridge Philosophy” dead, in Cambridge? Can it be resurrected, there? Case Study: Renford Bambrough (& Subroto Roy) preceded by decades Cheryl Misak’s thesis on Wittgenstein being linked with Peirce via Ramsey…

https://independentindian.com/2017/10/27/cambridge-philosophy-rest-in-peace-yes-bambrough-i-preceded-misaks-link-by-deacades/

*Philosophy of Economics: On the Scope of Reason in Economic Inquiry*, “Science, Religion, Art & the Necessity of Freedom”
*Physics and Reasoning*

 

Two cheers for Pakistan! (2008)

Two cheers for Pakistan!

by

Subroto Roy

First published in The Statesman Editorial Page Special Article

April 7, 2008

A century has passed since British rulers in India like Curzon and Minto became self-styled interlocutors between Muslims and Hindus of the subcontinent. Up through the 19th century there had been no significant national political conversation between India’s main communities. The “Chief Translator” of the High Court in Calcutta was highly prized for his knowledge of Sanskrit, Persian and English because at least three different sets of laws governed different people in the country. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad wrote of his experience in the Bankim-inspired revolutionary societies of Bengal who treated him with extreme suspicion because they could hardly believe a Muslim wanted to join them as an anti-British rebel.

Jinnah vs Azad

Then came MA Jinnah, Iqbal, Rahmat Ali and others, initial creators of Pakistan whether through greater or lesser motives. Azad, Zakir Hussain, Sheikh Abdullah and other Muslims were equally firm the Pakistan idea was not only bad for India in the world it was bad for Muslims in particular. The Azads condemned the Jinnahs as greedy megalomaniacs, the Jinnahs condemned the Azads as minions of the Hindus. Larke lenge Pakistan, marke lenge Pakistan, khoon se lenge Pakistan, dena hoga Pakistan was the mob-cry during the bloody Partition, while the British, weakened by war and economics and bereft of their imperial pretensions, made haste to leave “this beastly country” to its fate ~ rather hoping the bloodshed would be such someone might hire them to stay on.

Certainly, having used the Indian Army for imperial purposes in the War, Britain (represented locally by a series of smartly dressed blundering fools) behaved irresponsibly in not properly demobilizing that Army during a period of intense communal tension. There were no senior Indian officers ~ KM Cariappa became a Brigadier only in 1946, Ayub Khan was a Colonel under him. Then there were the fatuous “princes” the British had propped up in “Indian India”, few being more than cardboard creatures. Among them was J&K’s ruler who was a member of Churchill’s War Cabinet and had come to harbour illusions of international grandeur. Once J&K’s Muslim soldiers returned to their Mirpuri homes, Jammu and Punjab were in communal conflict, months before the decision that Pakistan would indeed be created out of designated areas of British India just before British India extinguished itself. Army-issued Bren guns came to be used by former soldiers in communal massacres of the convoys of refugees going in each direction.

Part of the problem over J&K since then has been that it seems a dialogue of the deaf. Pakistanis since Zafrullah Khan claimed it was communal violence against Muslims in Jammu and Punjab that prompted the Pashtun invasion of Srinagar Valley beginning 22 October 1947; Indians have always claimed the new (and partly British-officered) Pakistan Army organized and instigated the invasion, coinciding with the planned takeover of Gilgit.

As in all complex moral problems, there was truth on all sides though no one doubts the invasion was savage and that the Pashtuns carried off Kashmiri women, Hindu, Muslim and Sikh. J&K descended into civil war, Abdullah’s secularists backed by the new India, Ibrahim’s communalists by the new Pakistan. Field Marshall Auchinlek, who commanded both Indian and Pakistani armies, had the decency to resign when he realized his forces were at war with one another. That J&K could not be independent in international law was sealed when the 15 October 1947 telegram sent by Hari Singh’s regime went unanswered by Attlee. The tribal invasion from Pakistan caused the old State of J&K to become an ownerless entity in international law, whose territories were then carved up by force by the two new British Dominions (later republics) and the result has been the “LOC”.

ZA Bhutto was perhaps Pakistan’s only politician after that time. The years between the assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan and the rise of Bhutto saw Pakistan’s military begin its liaison with the Americans ~ from the US Ambassador’s daughter marrying the Pakistan President’s son to the leasing of Peshawar’s airfields for U-2 flights over the USSR. Yet Bhutto’s deep flaws also contributed to the loss of Bangladesh and to brutality, supported by the Shah of Iran’s American helicopters, against the Baloch.

Bhutto’s daughter now may have succeeded in death where she could not in life. Like Indira Gandhi, there seemed a shrill almost self-sacrificial air about Benazir in her last days, and, like Indira, her assassination caused all her countrymen including her enemies to undergo an existential experience. Perhaps the public death of a woman in public life touches some chivalrous chord in everyone.

Benazir’s husband was transformed from seeming a rather dubious self-seeker to becoming a national leader of some sobriety. Her old adversary Nawaz Sharif, brought to power by one Army Chief and removed by another, is now a constitutional democrat – seemingly adamant that there be the Rule of Law and not of generals. Most of all, Benazir’s death seemed to completely shut up that most loquacious of Pakistanis: Pervez Musharraf. Musharraf seemed stunned and promised free, fair and transparent elections; though no one believed he would deliver, he somehow did. He would like now to be a senior statesman though it seems as likely his countrymen will not forgive his misdeeds and instead exile him to America.

Afghanistan

Pakistan’s main international problem is not and has never been J&K. It has been and remains its unsettled western border and identity vis-à-vis Afghanistan (as India’s problem has been the eastern border with China). Dr Khan Sahib and Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan knew this but they were not allowed to speak by Pakistan’s Kashmir-obsessed elite. Zaheer Shah’s Afghanistan was the only country that voted against Pakistan joining the UN sixty years ago.

The present author has said before that Osama bin Laden may well be safely and comfortably in the deserts of North Africa while NATO and the Americans raise hell in Afghanistan and Waziristan pretending to look for him. It is not in India’s interest as it is not in Pakistan’s interest that Western militaries, who seem to have nothing better to do, brutalize Afghans of all descriptions in the name of nation-building or fighting “terrorism”. Afghan nation-building can only ultimately come from the Afghans themselves, no matter how many loya jirgas it takes. What Pakistan dislikes emerging from New Delhi is the sometimes rather supercilious and ignorant condescension that our officialdom is infamous for. Instead, with a new, seemingly clear-headed and well-intentioned Government in Pakistan elected for the first time ever, it may be time for all good people in the subcontinent to raise a glass of fruit juice and say “Two cheers for Pakistan!”

China’s India Example: Tibet, Xinjiang May Not Be Assimilated Like Inner Mongolia, Manchuria (2008)

Note: My articles on related subjects recently published in The Statesman include “Understanding China”, “China’s India Aggression”, “China’s Commonwealth”,  “Nixon & Mao vs India”, “Lessons from the 1962 War”, “China’s force & diplomacy” etc https://independentindian.com/2009/09/19/my-ten-articles-on-china-tibet-xinjiang-taiwan-in-relation-to-india/

China’s India Example: Tibet, Xinjiang May Not Be Assimilated Like Inner Mongolia And Manchuria

 by

 Subroto Roy

 

First published in The Statesman, Editorial Page Special Article March 25, 2008

 

Zhang Qingli, Tibet’s current Communist Party boss, reportedly said last year, “The Communist Party is like the parent (father and mother) of the Tibetans. The Party is the real boddhisatva of the Tibetans.” Before communism, China’s people followed three non-theistic religious cultures, Buddhism, Confucianism and Taoism, choosing whichever aspects of each they wished to see in their daily lives. Animosity towards the theism of Muslims and Christians predates the 1911 revolution. Count Witte, Russia’s top diplomatist in Czarist times, reported the wild contempt towards Islam and wholly unprovoked insult of the Emir of Bokhara by Li Hung Chang, Imperial China’s eminent Ambassador to Moscow, normally the epitome of civility and wisdom. In 1900 the slogan of the Boxer Revolts was “Protect the country, destroy the foreigner” and catholic churches and European settlers and priests were specifically targeted. The Communists have not discriminated in repression of religious belief and practice ~ monasteries, mosques, churches have all experienced desecration; monks, ulema, clergymen all expected to subserve the Party and the State.

Chinese nationalism

For Chinese officials to speak of “life and death” struggle against the Dalai Lama sitting in Dharamsala is astounding; if they are serious, it signals a deep long-term insecurity felt in Beijing. How can enormous, wealthy, strong China feel any existential threat at all from unarmed poor Tibetans riding on ponies? Is an Israeli tank-commander intimidated by stone-throwing Palestinian boys? How is it China (even a China where the Party assumes it always knows best), is psychologically defensive and unsure of itself at every turn?

The Chinese in their long history have not been a violent martial people ~ disorganized and apolitical traders and agriculturists and highly civilised artisans and scholars more than fierce warriors fighting from horseback. Like Hindus, they were far more numerous than their more aggressive warlike invading rulers. Before the 20th Century, China was dominated by Manchu Tartars and Mongol Tartars from the Northeast and Northwest ~ the Manchus forcing humiliation upon Chinese men by compelling shaved heads with pigtails. Similar Tartar hordes ruled Russia for centuries and Stalin himself, according to his biographer, might have felt Russia buffered Europe from the Tartars.

Chinese nationalism arose only in the 20th Century, first under the Christian influence of Sun Yatsen and his brother-in-law Chiang Kaishek, later under the atheism of Mao Zedong and his admiring friends, most recently Deng Xiaoping and successors. “Socialism with Chinese characteristics” is the slogan of the present Communist Party but a more realistic slogan of what Mao and friends came to represent in their last decades may be “Chinese nationalism with socialist characteristics”. Taiwan and to lesser extent Singapore and Hong Kong represent “Chinese nationalism with capitalist characteristics”. Western observers, keen always to know the safety of their Chinese investments, have focused on China’s economics, whether the regime is capitalist or socialist and to what extent ~ Indians and other Asians may be keener to identify, and indeed help the Chinese themselves to identify better, the evolving nature of Chinese nationalism and the healthy or unhealthy courses this may now take.

Just as Czarist and Soviet Russia attempted Russification in Finland, the Baltics, Poland, Ukraine etc., Imperial and Maoist China attempted “Sinification” in Manchuria and Inner Mongolia as well as Tibet and Xinjiang (Sinkiang, East Turkestan). Russification succeeded partially but backfired in general. Similarly, Sinification succeeded naturally in Manchuria and without much difficulty in Inner Mongolia. But it has backfired and backfired very badly in Tibet and Xinjiang, and may be expected to do so always.

In India, our soft state and indolent corrupt apparatus of political parties constitute nothing like the organized aggressive war-machine that China has tried to make of its state apparatus, and we have much more freedom of all sorts. India does not prohibit or control peasant farmers or agricultural labourers from migrating to or visiting large metropolitan cities; villagers are as free as anyone else to clog up all city life in India with the occasional political rally ~ in fact India probably may not even know how to ban, suppress or repress most of the things Communist China does.

 

 

Hindu traditions were such that as long as you did not preach sedition against the king, you could believe anything ~ including saying, like the Carvaka, that hedonism and materialism were good, spiritualism was bunkum and the priestly class were a bunch of crooks and idiots. Muslim and British rulers in India were not too different ~ yes the Muslims did convert millions by offering the old choice of death or conversion to vanquished people, and there were evil rulers among them but also great and tolerant ones like Zainulabidin of Kashmir and Akbar who followed his example.

 

India’s basic political ethos has remained that unless you preach sedition, you can basically say or believe anything (no matter how irrational) and also pretty much do whatever you please without being bothered too much by government officials. Pakistan’s attempts to impose Urdu on Bengali-speakers led to civil war and secession; North India’s attempts to impose Hindi on the South led to some language riots and then the three-language formula ~ Hindi spreading across India through Bollywood movies instead.

 

 

China proudly says it is not as if there are no declared non-Communists living freely in Beijing, Shanghai etc, pointing out distinguished individual academics and other professionals including government ministers who are liberals, social democrats or even Kuomintang Nationalists. There are tiny state-approved non-Communist political parties in China, some of whose members even may be in positions of influence. It is just that such (token) parties must accept the monopoly and dictatorship of the Communists and are not entitled to take state power. The only religion you are freely allowed to indulge in is the ideology of the State, as that comes to be defined or mis-defined at any time by the Communist Party’s rather sclerotic leadership processes.

 

 

Chinese passports

During China’s Civil War, the Communists apparently had promised Tibet and Xinjiang a federation of republics ~ Mao later reneged on this and introduced his notion of “autonomous” regions, provinces and districts. The current crisis in Tibet reveals that the notion of autonomy has been a complete farce. Instead of condemning the Dalai Lama and repressing his followers, a modern self-confident China can so easily resolve matters by allowing a Dalai Lama political party to function freely and responsibly, first perhaps just for Lhasa’s municipal elections and gradually in all of Tibet. Such a party and the Tibet Communist Party would be adequate for a two-party system to arise. The Dalai Lama and other Tibetan exiles also have a natural right to be issued Chinese passports enabling them to return to Tibet~ and their right to return is surely as strong as that of any Han or Hui who have been induced to migrate to Tibet from Mainland China. Such could be the very simple model of genuine autonomy for Tibet and Xinjiang whose native people clearly do not wish to be assimilated in the same way as Inner Mongolia and Manchuria. India’s federal examples, including the three-language formula, may be helpful. Once Mainland China successfully allows genuine autonomy and free societies to arise in Tibet and Xinjiang, the road to reconciliation with Taiwan would also have been opened.

India’s Budget Process (in Theory)

(This was a front-page signed editorial article in The Statesman on Budget Day 2008; it had been preceded by How to Budget: Thrift,Not Theft, Needs to Guide Our Public Finances, and by Growth & Government Delusion a few days earlier. Other related articles published over the last year in The Statesman include India’s Macroeconomics, Fiscal Instability, Fallacious Finance, Against Quackery, etc.)

Budget process, in theory

by Subroto Roy

First published in The Statesman, February 29, 2008, Front Page

India follows the British system of public finance ~ except it is very far from having followed or even being aware of numerous deep improvements the UK made in its system in recent decades.

Government accounts are divided between the “Consolidated Fund of India”, “Contingency Fund” and “Public Account”. The first is most important and credits all revenues received and all loans raised by issue of government debt, and all moneys received in repayment of loans. The second is for unforeseen expenditure pending subsequent authorisation by Parliament. The last includes “trust funds” and is where all transactions relating to debt, deposits, advances, remittances are made.

The annual financial statement of the Union government presented to Parliament is popularly known as “the Budget”. Parliament’s “Vote on Account” is to enable estimates to be considered more carefully.

There is a “Revenue” Budget referring to expenditures and receipts of an annually recurrent nature; for example, staff-salaries of a school is revenue expenditure. There is a “Capital Budget” referring to investment expenditure “incurred with the object either of increasing concrete assets of a material and permanent character or of reducing recurring liabilities”. Spending today on a new school-building or setting aside a sinking fund to reduce the stock of extant public debt is supposed to be what capital expenditure includes. Capital expenditure should be met “generally… from receipts of a capital, debt, deposit or banking character as distinguished from ordinary taxes, duties….” but the government is also allowed to meet it from ordinary current revenues when these are “sufficient”.

In addition there has been in the Indian case large outright direct annual lending undertaken by the government to chosen recipients, bypassing normal capital markets. All three types of expenditure, “Current”, “Investment” and “Loan”, are of spending decisions made at the same time about the same or a similar set of activities. Yet nowhere in the Government of India’s accounts today is to be found clear actionable data that public expenditures on e.g. the power sector in a given year happens to include “Loans for Power Projects” under Account Head 6801, current expenditure on “Power” under Account Head 2801 and capital expenditure on “Power Projects” under Account 4801. It is only when these are added can a picture emerge about total expenditure on the power sector. Government accounts remain on a cash and not accrual basis, unlike the best practices adopted internationally in recent decades.

The process includes preparation of the Budget by the Executive; its consideration and adoption by the Legislature; its implementation by the administration and government agencies; and post-evaluation of achievement and performance by the Public Accounts Committee, Estimates Committee, Committee of Public Undertakings etc of Parliament.

In addition, there is Audit. Where private sector audit systems show how much profit may be properly “put into the pockets of the proprietors”, government audit is supposed to find the least cost to taxpayers in providing necessary public goods and services “to enable Government to determine how little money it need take out of the pockets of the tax-payers in order to maintain its necessary activities at the proper standard of efficiency”. That maxim of India’s Auditor-General in 1930 captures part of the normative intent of public finance in any country at any time. The office of “Comptroller & Auditor General” is charged with independently assessing and evaluating the effectiveness of outcomes generated by the fiscal process, the “high independent statutory authority… who sees on behalf of the Legislature that… money expended was legally available for and applied to the purpose or purposes to which it has been applied….. Audit… is the main instrument to secure accountability of the Executive to the Legislature…. The fundamental object of audit is to secure real value for the taxpayer’s money”. That is the theory at least.

Similar processes on smaller scales are supposed to get carried out in our more than two dozen States, though there the role of the (extra-constitutional) “Planning Commission” has been prevailing while that of the (constitutional) Finance Commission has been diminished.

The crucial variable to look out for in Mr P Chidambaram’s speech will be how much interest expenditure the Government of India has to make on its debt already incurred. That may be nearing Rs 2 trillion (or Rs 2 lakhs of crores) – and could be more than 100% of the Gross Fiscal Deficit! It is an amount “charged” directly to the Consolidated Fund of India and not submitted to the vote of Parliament though Parliament has a right to discuss it. If you want to know who in Parliament is awake and aware of our nation’s economic and financial good, look for anyone who discusses or wants to discuss the size of that amount! It may be best to ignore all attempts at joking and poetry as distractions because the situation is grim ~ although of course there is such a thing as “gallows humour”.

How to Budget: Thrift, Not Theft, Needs to Guide Our Public Finances

How to Budget:

 

Thrift, Not Theft, Needs to Guide Our Public Finances

 

By Subroto Roy

 

First published in The Statesman, Editorial Page Special Article, http://www.thestatesman.net, February 26 2008

 

For most family households in India as elsewhere, the time for weekly or monthly budgeting and accounting is a time of sobriety ~ when reality must be faced about which goals and desires can be achieved and which cannot, about how incomings and outgoings of family resources are going to be matched. The same holds for corporations when their managements must face their boards, shareholders or workers, though individual stakeholders in large corporations may be so ignorant of the facts or so small and insignificant in size that top management can get away with a lot of bluff.

 

When it comes to entities the size of countries, the scope for feeding illusions to the general public becomes enormously large; hence there is need for scientific honesty in government accounting and finance, and when that is lacking as it often is in any country, there is need for intense public awareness and vigorous criticism of what the government of the day may be up to with the public purse.

 

‘Seignorage’

 

Mao Zedong once said “Thrift should be the guiding principle of our government expenditure”. Those who govern fiscal and monetary processes, whether autocratically or democratically, have a general duty to be frugal or economic in using resources that have been forcibly raised from the public and which could have been spent privately in other welfare-enhancing directions.

 

“One must not take from the real needs of the people for the imaginary needs of the state” said Montesquieu. National Governments “take” from the people not only via direct taxation (e.g. of income) and indirect taxation (e.g. of expenditure) but also via inflation ~ invisibly reducing the purchasing power or value of paper money and other paper assets by exploiting the government’s monopoly over currency-printing (a process that economists traditionally termed “seignorage” from the debasing of metal coins that kings historically indulged in to pay for wars).

 

In providing public goods and services, if a government does what it need not do it may end up failing to do what it must and which only it can do. “That part of the public expenditure, which is devoted to the maintenance of civil and military establishments (i.e., all except the interest of the national debt), affords, in many of its details, ample scope for retrenchment. But while much of the revenue is wasted under the mere pretence of public service, so much of the most important business of government is left undone, that whatever can be rescued from useless expenditure is urgently required for useful” (JS Mill).

 

Such an idea that “whatever can be rescued from useless expenditure is urgently required for useful” was used in Gordon Brown’s 2004 rhetoric as Britain’s Finance Minister when, for example, he said 40,000 jobs would be reduced in the UK civil services to release resources to enhance “frontline” public services like schools and hospitals.

 

From such a practical point of view, three questions must be typically addressed by any Parliament or Government trying to optimally align public expenditure and income in a budget placed before it:


(1) Is public expenditure allocated efficiently in given circumstances, in a manner that enhances the public interest to the greatest degree possible? If not, how may it be made to do so?


(2) Can income from government operations be enhanced in given circumstances? What taxation should be imposed, raised, lowered or abolished, why so, and at what least cost to the population?


(3) If government expenditure exceeds income from taxation and operations, how should the borrowing be financed at least cost? Is the government’s existing portfolio of assets and liabilities of different liquidity and term-structure efficient, or can it be improved?

 

Unfortunately, we do none of this in India and have not done so for decades. Indeed New Delhi’s establishment economists and the media have not ever even been thinking on such practical lines. Instead, each bureaucratic department tries to maintain or enlarge its own size and claims on public funds every year. What New Delhi does, in a nutshell, is to allow every Ministry (especially the military) to add a 10-20% inflation-premium to its previous year’s expenditures and assert a new claim during the Budget season. (The most accurate measure of inflation in India may be that involved in growth of nominal expenditure on Government’s bureaucracy). Organised business, organised labour, exporters, importers, farmers, women, and every sundry political lobbyist then assert their claims to subsidies and concessions as well ~ and some gargantuan number comes to be added up.

 

To that number must be added the vast annual expenditure on interest payments by Government on the public debt accumulated from previous years and decades ~ payments which keep afloat the entire banking system in India because our nationalized banks hold such debt-instruments as their main assets where customer-deposits are their main liabilities.

 

A crucial question in relation to the convertibility of the rupee has to do with international valuation of that vast public debt (hence valuation of the asset side of our banking system) in the event the rupee became freely exchangeable into gold and foreign exchange for the general public, not merely city-based super-elites and NRIs.

 

Once interest payments have been added to other government expenditures, some humongous number comes to be reached. That number, and how it breaks down between interest expenditures, military expenditures and other expenditures, is among the key variables to look out for in Mr Chidambaram’s forthcoming Budget-Speech. From it will be subtracted the total taxation and non-tax revenues of the Government ~ each after it has been subjected to its own political lobbying process by different interest groups who have managed to obtain access to the Finance Minister. The residual (government expenditure minus government income) is the “Gross Fiscal Deficit” which is how much the Government of India says it plans to newly borrow from the (mostly captive) domestic financial markets. That residual in turn will add itself to next year’s accumulating public debt on which interest payments will have to be then made. The Finance Minister and his spokesmen typically quote the Gross Fiscal Deficit as some percentage of GDP figures; a better ratio to look for may be the size of Government interest payments per head as a percentage of tax revenues per head.

 

Corruption

 

The Union Finance Ministry no longer appears to exercise effective managerial control over the budgets and accounts of the innumerable publicly funded institutions, entities and projects in the country, nor even remembers how to do so. Everyone knows that the eventual aggregate result of public financial processes will be more deficit-finance paid for by silent and unlimited money-printing. Thus, for example, we see enormous building and construction plans being requested and granted for public institutions and agencies to indulge in ~ if the private builders and developers involved in such public contracts throw in an urban apartment or two for the heads of such institutions, who are powerful enough to be making the spending decisions with their friends, what does it really matter? Deficit-finance, arising from an abysmal state of government and public sector accounting, makes government corruption quite simple and straightforward if one thinks about it.

 

It is sad to say that the principle guiding our public finances may have become theft, not thrift, because political and administrative decision-makers throughout the system, instead of being sober, remain drunk when it comes to spending India’s public resources.

Hutton and Desai: United in Error

Hutton and Desai: United in Error
Subroto Roy

In an engaging debate in Prospect Magazine about a year ago, republished at China Digital Times, Will Hutton and Meghnad Desai have made the same cardinal error: they have assumed (like almost everyone else who has considered China’s or India’s recent macroeconomics) that savings rates are some astronomical figure.

Typical official fallacies in both countries include thinking that clever bureaucratic use of such high savings rates can and does cause high growth. In fact, real growth arises not because of what politicians and bureaucrats do but because of spontaneous technological progress, improved productivity and learning-by-doing of the general population ~ mostly despite not because of an exploitative parasitic State.

Here is Hutton on this issue: “China’s economic growth is based on the state channelling vast under-priced savings into huge investment … How much longer can China’s state-owned banks carry on directing billions of dollars of savings into investments that produce tiny or even negative returns…” (italics added)

Here is Desai: “China has achieved rapid growth with a policy of under-consumption and over-saving… China… now has 10.4 per cent growth on a 44 per cent savings rate….” (italics added)

What has been mismeasured as high savings in China and India is actually the expansion of bank-deposits in a fractional reserve banking system induced by runaway government deficit-spending.

On the basis of Indian evidence, I said this in public for the first time at Patrick Minford’s seminar on monetary economics at Cardiff and a week later at the IEA London in the spring of 2005 in a lecture titled “Can India become a superpower or will there be a monetary meltdown?” My recent general articles in The Statesman “The Dream Team: A Critique”, “Fallacious Finance”, “Against Quackery” etc speak a little more of this in the Indian case. What little I have seen of Chinese evidence indicates a similar phenomenon at work.

I said in 2005:”New technological progress in a myriad of ways, as well as the discovery of new resources… are all important factors contributing to real economic growth in India today. While the real side of the economy does well, the “nominal” economy, within the Government’s control, displays disconcerting trends. Continual deficit financing for half a century has led to exponential growth of public debt and broad money. The vast growth of time-deposits in banks may have been misinterpreted as indicating a real phenomenon such as unusual savings behaviour when it is more likely to be a nominal phenomenon resulting from increasing amounts of government debt being held by the largely nationalised banking sector. (The same may be true of China).”

As for growth-rates, before anyone at all waffles on about China’s and India’s allegedly high growth-rates, it is best to bring to mind a little hard evidence from other countries eg Germany and Japan where growth was starting from devastated post-War initial conditions:

West Germany: 6.6% in 1950-1960, falling to 3.5% by 1960-1970, and 2.4% by 1970-1978. Japan: 6.8% in 1952-1960; 9.4% in 1960-1970, 3.8% in 1970-1978.

China and India sustaining 8%, 9%, 10% annual growth of per capita real GDP for years on end? Naaaaah. Or rather, if you believe that, you will believe anything.

 

see also https://independentindian.com/2009/06/12/mistaken-macroeconomics-an-open-letter-to-prime-minister-dr-manmohan-singh/

Mistaken Macroeconomics: An Open Letter to Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh 12 June 2009

Karl Georg Zinn’s 1992 Review of *Philosophy of Economics* Routledge: 1989 (English translation, 1994, by Nihar Bhattacharya).

Review of  Philosophy of Economics  by Karl Georg Zinn

Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik / Zeitschrift für Wirtschaft und Statistik. Vol. 209, Nr. 5/6 (May 1992), p 573-574

(translated from the German by Nihar Bhattacharya, 1994)

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“The author intends to discuss some of the central philosophical questions facing modern economic theory. In the foreground is a disposition of the conventional problem of value-independence. Roy sees the value-independence postulate as “Hume’s Scepticism”. He defines Hume’s First and Second Laws on the basis of two signified propositions taken from R. M. Hare.

(1) From positive empirical premises, no normative postulate can be derived; in order to establish obligatory propositions, at least one normative proposition is needed.

(2) In a specified economic context, after all empirical and formal/logical matters are resolved, little scope exists for further intersubjectively valid answers. Valuations beyond this limit are based on the subjective feelings of the economist to the concerned problem.

The scientific/theoretical attitude representative of most economists of the 20th century has been based on this characteristic Humean scepticism. To show this, the author reviews short representative quotations from some of the known names of recent economic theory: Friedman, Myrdal, Lionel Robbins, P. A. Samuelson, Hicks, Joan Robinson, Hayek, Oskar Lange, Schumpeter, Arrow, Blaug, Frank Hahn.

Subsequently, the author raises the point as to what explains this scientific-theoretical approval. A cursory survey of important real and virtual historical developments since antiquity confirms that the essential reason for the reported wide acceptance of a humean position by the economic scientist indeed could have been as a defensive posture against dogmatism and political dictatorship (“It is part of the democratic reaction against medieval authoritarianism” p.45).

Conditioned by their “disgust with the tyrannies and ideologies of the twentieth century”, these authorities tried to protect economic science and guarantee the objectivity of research by resort to moral scepticism.

Hence the author arrives at the starting position of his actual subject: After using Hume to escape from dependence on Plato e tutti quanti, has not value-free economics gotten into a fresh dependence, namely, moral scepticism and its philosophical consequence, moral indifference? Here too a contradiction is shown to arise, namely, that each argumentation against the normative can stand its ground only through normative premises. Thus ultimately something like correct standards become necessary. This however is only a marginal problem compared to a very much more important point: whether the moral scepticism permeating the strict scientific-theoretical position, is not just part of a very much more comprehensive scepticism, which includes Hume’s own criticism of induction as well. But then the same scepticism makes positive theory dubious as well: “Either all of positive economics is attacked with just as much scepticism as anything in normative economics, or we accept one and reject the other when instead there are reasons to think they share the same ultimate grounds and must be accepted or rejected together”(p.47).

The author illustrates the difficulties with radical scepticism in a continental traversal of economic theory: micro and macroeconomics, mathematical economic theory and welfare theory are stations on this tour. A solution of the problem in the strict sense is not given nor could have been expected. But Roy delivers a methodical rule which permits a more exact definition of the limits to which normative discussion can take place precisely and objectively: first, to distinguish always whether an objective answer is at all possible to certain questions, and secondly, to ask who is competent or in the best position to give an answer.

For readers interested in a new, thoroughly subtle discussion of a basic yet customary problem, this book will be profitable reading. However, the author could have argued some matters slightly more elaborately and others less redundantly, and set forth the central idea more clearly through appropriate summaries.”

See also:  https://independentindian.com/thoughts-words-deeds-my-work-1973-2010/introduction-and-some-biography/philosophy-of-economics-on-the-scope-of-reason-in-economic-inquiry-1989/apropos-philosophy-of-economics/
https://independentindian.com/2013/01/31/i-have-a-student-called-suby-roy-reflections-on-frank-hahn-1925-2013-my-master-in-economic-theory/

Fallacious Finance: Congress, BJP, CPI-M et al may be leading India to hyperinflation (2007)

Fallacious Finance: Congress, BJP, CPI-M et al may be leading India to hyperinflation

by

Subroto Roy

first published in The Statesman, 5 March 2007

Editorial Page Special Article

It seems the Dream Team of the PM, Finance Minister, Mr. Montek Ahluwalia and their acolytes may take India on a magical mystery tour of economic hallucinations, fantasies and perhaps nightmares.  I hasten to add the BJP and CPI-M have nothing better to say, and criticism of the Government or of Mr Chidambaram’s Budget does not at all imply any sympathy for their political adversaries.

It may be best to outline a few of the main fallacies permeating the entire Governing Class in Delhi, and their media and businessman friends:

1. “India’s Savings Rate is near 32%”. This is factual nonsense. Savings is indeed normally measured by adding financial and non-financial savings. Financial savings include bank-deposits. But India is not a normal country in this. Nor is China. Both have seen massive exponential growth of bank-deposits in the last few decades. Does this mean Indians and Chinese are saving phenomenally high fractions of their incomes by assiduously putting money away into their shaky nationalized banks? Sadly, it does not. What has happened is government deficit-financing has grown explosively in both countries over decades. In a “fractional reserve” banking system (i.e. a system where your bank does not keep the money you deposited there but lends out almost all of it immediately), government expenditure causes bank-lending, and bank-lending causes bank-deposits to expand. Yes there has been massive expansion of bank-deposits in India but it is a nominal paper phenomenon and does not signify superhuman savings behaviour. Indians keep their assets mostly in metals, land, property, cattle, etc., and as cash, not as bank deposits.

2. “High economic growth in India is being caused by high savings and intelligently planned government investment”. This too is nonsense. Economic growth in India as elsewhere arises not because of what politicians and bureaucrats do in capital cities, but because of spontaneous technological progress, improved productivity and learning-by-doing on part of the general population. Technological progress is a very general notion, and applies to any and every production activity or commercial transaction that now can be accomplished more easily or using fewer inputs than before. New Delhi still believes in antiquated Soviet-era savings-investment models without technological progress, and some non-sycophant must tell our top Soviet-era bureaucrat that such growth models have been long superceded and need to be scrapped from India’s policy-making too. Can politicians and bureaucrats assist India’s progress? Indeed they can: the telecom revolution in recent years was something in which they participated. But the general presumption is against them. Progress, productivity gains and hence economic growth arise from enterprise and effort of ordinary people — mostly despite not because of an exploitative, parasitic State.

3. “Agriculture is a backward sector that has been retarding India’s recent economic growth”. This is not merely nonsense it is dangerous nonsense, because it has led to land-grabbing by India’s rulers at behest of their businessman friends in so-called “SEZ” schemes. The great farm economist Theodore W. Schultz once quoted Andre and Jean Mayer: “Few scientists think of agriculture as the chief, or the model science. Many, indeed, do not consider it a science at all. Yet it was the first science – Mother of all science; it remains the science which makes human life possible”. Centuries before Europe’s Industrial Revolution, there was an Agricultural Revolution led by monks and abbots who were the scientists of the day. Thanks partly to American help, India has witnessed a Green Revolution since the 1960s, and our agriculture has been generally a calm, mature, stable and productive industry. Our farmers are peaceful hardworking people who should be paying taxes and user-fees normally but should not be otherwise disturbed or needlessly provoked by outsiders. It is the businessmen wishing to attack our farm populations who need to look hard in the mirror – to improve their accounting, audit, corporate governance, to enforce anti-embezzlement and shareholder protection laws etc.

4. “India’s foreign exchange reserves may be used for ‘infrastructure’ financing”. Mr Ahluwalia promoted this idea and now the Budget Speech mentioned how Mr Deepak Parekh and American banks may be planning to get Indian businesses to “borrow” India’s forex reserves from the RBI so they can purchase foreign assets. It is a fallacy arising among those either innocent of all economics or who have quite forgotten the little they might have been mistaught in their youth. Forex reserves are a residual in a country’s balance of payments and are not akin to tax revenues, and thus are not available to be borrowed or spent by politicians, bureaucrats or their businessman friends — no matter how tricky and shady a way comes to be devised for doing so. If anything, the Government and RBI’s priority should have been to free the Rupee so any Indian could hold gold or forex at his/her local bank. India’s vast sterling balances after the Second World War vanished quickly within a few years, and the country plunged into decades of balance of payments crisis – that may now get repeated. The idea of “infrastructure” is in any case vague and inferior to the “public goods” Adam Smith knew to be vital. Serious economists recommend transparent cost-benefit analyses before spending any public resources on any project. E.g., analysis of airport/airline industry expansion would have found the vast bulk of domestic airline costs to be forex-denominated but revenues rupee-denominated – implying an obvious massive currency-risk to the industry and all its “infrastructure”. All the PM’s men tell us nothing of any of this.

5. “HIV-AIDS is a major Indian health problem”. Government doctors privately know the scare of an AIDS epidemic is based on false assumptions and analysis. Few if any of us have met, seen or heard of an actual incontrovertible AIDS victim in India (as opposed to someone infected by hepatitis-contaminated blood supplies). Syringe-exchange by intravenous drug users is not something widely prevalent in Indian society, while the practise that caused HIV to spread in California’s Bay Area in the 1980s is not something depicted even at Khajuraho. Numerous real diseases do afflict Indians – e.g. 11 children died from encephalitis in one UP hospital on a single day in July 2006, while thousands of children suffer from “cleft lip” deformity that can be solved surgically for 20,000 rupees, allowing the child a normal life. Without any objective survey being done of India’s real health needs, Mr Chidamabaram has promised more than Rs 9.6 Billion (Rs 960 crore) to the AIDS cottage industry.

6. “Fiscal consolidation & stabilization has been underway since 1991”. There is extremely little reason to believe this. If you or I borrow Rs. 100,000 for a year, and one year later repay the sum only to borrow the same again along with another Rs 40,000, we would be said to have today a debt of Rs. 140,000 at least. Our Government has been routinely “rolling over” its domestic debt in this manner (in the asset-portfolios of the nationalised banking system) but displaying and highlighting only its new additional borrowing in a year as the “ Fiscal Deficit” (see graph, also “Fiscal Instability”, The Sunday Statesman, 4 February 2007). More than two dozen State Governments have been doing the same though, unlike the Government of India, they have no money-creating powers and their liabilities ultimately accrue to the Union as well. The stock of public debt in India may be Rs 30 trillion (Rs 30 lakh crore) at least, and portends a hyperinflation in the future. Mr Chidambaram’s announcement of a “Debt Management Office” yet to be created is hardly going to suffice to avert macroeconomic turmoil and a possible monetary collapse. The Congress, BJP, CPI-M and all their friends shall be responsible.

Of related interest: Mistaken Macroeconomics,
“The Indian Revolution”, “Against Quackery”, “The Dream Team: A Critique”, “India’s Macroeconomics”, “Indian Inflation”

Posted in Academic research, Banking, Big Business and Big Labour, BJP, China, China's macroeconomics, China's savings rate, China's Economy, Communists, Congress Party, Deposit multiplication, Economic Policy, Economic quackery, Economic Theory of Growth, Economics of exchange controls, Economics of Public Finance, Economics of real estate valuation, Finance, Financial Management, Financial markets, Financial Repression, Foreign exchange controls, Governance, Government accounting, Government Budget Constraint, Government of India, India's Big Business, India's credit markets, India's Government economists, India's interest rates, India's savings rate, India's stock and debt markets, India's agriculture, India's Agriculture & Food, India's balance of payments, India's Banking, India's Budget, India's bureaucracy, India's Capital Markets, India's corporate finance, India's corporate governance, India's currency history, India's Democracy, India's Economic History, India's Economy, India's Exports, India's farmers, India's Finance Commission, India's Foreign Exchange Reserves, India's Foreign Trade, India's Government Budget Constraint, India's Government Expenditure, India's grassroots activists, India's Health/Medicine, India's Industry, India's inflation, India's Labour Markets, India's Land, India's Macroeconomics, India's Monetary & Fiscal Policy, India's nomenclatura, India's peasants, India's political lobbyists, India's Polity, India's pork-barrel politics, India's poverty, India's Public Finance, India's Reserve Bank, India's State Finances, India's Union-State relations, Inflation, Interest group politics, Macroeconomics, Manmohan Singh, Mendacity in politics, Monetary Theory, Money and banking, Paper money and deposits, Political cynicism, Political Economy, Political mendacity, Public Choice/Public Finance, Redeposits, Unorganised capital markets. 3 Comments »

India’s Macroeconomics (2007)

(NB This is one of a set of articles that include “India in World Trade & Payments”, “Fiscal Instability”, “Fallacious Finance”, “Indian Money & Credit”, “Indian Money & Banking”, “Against Quackery”, “Indian Inflation”, “Monetary Integrity and the Rupee”, “The Dream Team: A Critique” etc., as well as “Mistaken Macroeconomics” etc. See My Recent Works, Interviews etc on India’s Money, Public Finance, Banking, Trade, BoP, Land, etc (an incomplete list) )

 

 

 

India’s Macroeconomics

Real growth has steadily occurred because India has shared the world’s technological progress. But bad fiscal, monetary policies over decades have led to monetary weakness and capital flight

by

Subroto Roy

First published in The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Special Article

January 20 2007

Government expenditure in a democracy is supposed to be representative of real public needs. But democracy is everywhere imperfect, and spending tends to follow instead the pattern of special interest groups, i.e., who has how much organised lobbying power in the polity. “Whatever can be rescued from useless expenditure is urgently required for useful”, said JS Mill. How can public spending be made more productive (or less unproductive) by cutting waste, fraud and abuse, and instead better alleviate mass ignorance, poverty and destitution? And how can there be reduced chance of a collapse of confidence in public institutions, especially currency and the banks as has happened in other countries at different times? These are central questions for serious macroeconomic policy-making in India today. In fact, it is likely the Indian people are at present both over-taxed and under-taxed: we are over-taxed by the corroded, corrupt wasteful polity that has actually arisen, while we are under-taxed relative to the fiscal and monetary needs of a robust modern democratic polity yet to exist.

India has shared the technological progress the world economy witnessed in the 20th Century. Private ingenuity, enterprise and business acumen at all scales of operation are manifest in countless examples across the country every day. Real economic growth has taken place steadily as a result, and there is no doubt average levels of health, education, and material well-being have improved almost everywhere ~ often despite government action, sometimes thanks to it. Our legendary population has grown mainly due to lowering of mortality rates via better health, nutrition and awareness, causing longer life-spans than ever before. Our village festivals, market-towns and city-streets are filled with bustling shops with busy people and merchandise, while large concrete buildings are being built everywhere by invisible builders. There is no apparent lack of a potential basis for taxation of private resources for public uses in the country.

At the same time, monumental problems of absolute poverty, ignorance, destitution and inequality remain obvious to the naked eye everywhere in India, affecting hundreds of millions of citizens. A rare candid Government study said: “It does not require clever tools of measurement to demonstrate that there are millions of children in India who are totally deprived of any education worth the name. And it is not as if they are invisible, remote, and therefore unreached. They are everywhere in the cities: on the streets, wiping cars at traffic junctions, picking rags in mounds of waste; in the roadside eateries; in small factories, as cheap labour or domestic help; at ‘home’ completing household chores. In the villages again they are everywhere, responding to the contextual demands of family work as well as bonded labour.” (India Education Report, 2002, p. 47). Such and similar children, their parents and kith and kin constitute the hundreds of anonymous millions of India today.

Less than 30 million people are employed in the “organised” sector, about 18 by government and 12 by the “organised private sector”. Even if four dependents are assumed for each, that hardly makes 15% of the whole population of one billion people today. So while there may be some 150 million people in India who in one way or another engage with the “organised sector”, there may be 850 million who do not ~ reminiscent of Disraeli’s “Two Nations” of Dickensian England.

Also, everyone’s holdings of monetary assets in India have been taxed by inflation, without people realising it except for a continual feeling or memory of the dwindling value of the rupee and other paper assets. Government debt, the quantity of money and general price-level of real goods and services (the inverse of the price of money) have been on exponential growth paths, most conspicuously since the compulsory government take-over of banks in the early 1970s, though origins reach back to the start of pseudo-socialist “planning” in the 1950s (see graph).

When transparent visible taxation cannot be proposed and voted for in the “real” economy because it needs too much political effort or insight, governments resort to invisible, undemocratic means of taxing the public’s monetary resources by the subterfuge of inflating currency and bank deposits. Inflation has everywhere raised real resources for governments too weak to administer proper tax systems or resist the onslaught of organised pressure-groups in incurring public expenditure.

These quite subtle facts remain practically unknown to the Indian public whose lives and those of future generations are deeply affected by them, though in recent decades elite elements like bureaucrats, academics, military officers, businessmen, politicians etc with better information and access to resources have sensed monetary weakness in the country and exported their adult children and savings abroad expeditiously. The sphere of knowledge and concerns of most people are so close to needs of their own survival that they make easy prey for the machinations of others with better information or access to resources. This may help explain why we, who for more than a century and a half have seen a vast political awakening take place and can take pride in having a free press and the world’s largest electorate, at the same time have had our political life and public institutions wracked by enormous corruption, fraud and venality, enfeebling the political economy by widespread cynicism and loss of confidence, and inducing capital flight abroad on the part of a vapid elite.

Milton Friedman: A Man of Reason, 1912-2006

A Man of Reason


Milton Friedman (1912-2006)

 

First published in The Statesman, Perspective Page Nov 22 2006

 

Milton Friedman, who died on 16 November 2006 in San Francisco, was without a doubt the greatest economist after John Maynard Keynes. Before Keynes, great 20th century economists included Alfred Marshall and Knut Wicksell, while Keynes’s contemporaries included Irving Fisher, AC Pigou and many others. Keynes was followed by his younger critic FA Hayek, but Hayek is remembered less for his technical economics as for his criticism of “socialist economics” and contributions to politics. Milton Friedman more than anyone else was Keynes’s successor in economics (and in applied macroeconomics in particular), in the same way David Ricardo had been the successor of Adam Smith. Ricardo disagreed with Smith and Friedman disagreed with Keynes, but the impact of each on the direction and course both of economics and of the world in which they lived was similar in size and scope.

 

Friedman’s impact on the contemporary world may have been largest through his design and advocacy as early as 1953 of the system of floating exchange-rates. In the early 1970s, when the Bretton Woods system of adjustable fixed exchange-rates collapsed and Friedman’s friend and colleague George P. Shultz was US Treasury Secretary in the Nixon Administration, the international monetary system started to become of the kind Friedman had described two decades earlier. Equally large was Friedman’s worldwide impact in re-establishing concern about the frequent cause of macroeconomic inflation being money supply growth rates well above real income growth rates. All contemporary talk of “inflation targeting” among macroeconomic policy-makers since the 1980s has its roots in Friedman’s December 1967 presidential address to the American Economic Association. His main empirical disagreement with Keynes and the Keynesians lay in his belief that people held the intrinsically worthless tokens known as “money” largely in order to expedite their transactions and not as a store of value – hence the “demand for money” was a function mostly of income and not of interest rates, contrary to what Keynes had suggested in his 1930s analysis of “Depression Economics”. It is in this sense that Friedman restored the traditional “quantity theory” as being a specific theory of the demand for money.

 

Friedman’s main descriptive work lay in the monumental Monetary History of the United States he co-authored with Anna J. Schwartz, which suggested drastic contractions of the money supply had contributed to the Great Depression in America. Friedman made innumerable smaller contributions too, the most prominent and foresighted of which had to do with advocating larger parental choice in the public finance of their children’s school education via the use of “vouchers”. The modern Friedman Foundation has that as its main focus of philanthropy. The emphasis on greater individual choice in school education exemplified Friedman’s commitments both to individual freedom and the notion of investment in human capital.

 

Friedman had significant influences upon several non-Western countries too, most prominently India and China, besides a grossly misreported episode in Chile. As described in his autobiography with his wife Rose, Two Lucky People (Chicago 1998), Friedman spent six months in India in 1955 at the Government of India’s invitation during the formulation of the Second Five Year Plan. His work done for the Government of India came to be suppressed for the next 34 years. Peter Bauer had told me during my doctoral work at Cambridge in the late 1970s of the existence of a Friedman memorandum, and N. Georgescu-Roegen told me the same in America in 1980, adding that Friedman had been almost insulted publicly by VKRV Rao at the time after giving a lecture to students on his analysis of India’s problems.

 

When Friedman and I met in 1984, I asked him for the memorandum and he sent me two documents. The main one dated November 1955 I published in Hawaii on 21 May 1989 during a project on a proposed Indian “perestroika” (which contributed to the origins of the 1991 reform through Rajiv Gandhi), and was later published in Delhi in Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s, edited by myself and WE James.

 

The other document on Mahalanobis is published in The Statesman today for the first time, though there has been an Internet copy floating around for a few years. The Friedmans’ autobiography quoted what I said in 1989 about the 1955 memorandum and may be repeated: “The aims of economic policy (in India) were to create conditions for rapid increase in levels of income and consumption for the mass of the people, and these aims were shared by everyone from PC Mahalanobis to Milton Friedman. The means recommended were different. Mahalanobis advocated a leading role for the state and an emphasis on the growth of physical capital. Friedman advocated a necessary but clearly limited role for the state, and placed on the agenda large-scale investment in the stock of human capital, encouragement of domestic competition, steady and predictable monetary growth, and a flexible exchange rate for the rupee as a convertible hard currency, which would have entailed also an open competitive position in the world economy… If such an alternative had been more thoroughly discussed at the time, the optimal role of the state in India today, as well as the optimum complementarity between human capital and physical capital, may have been more easily determined.”

 

A few months before attending my Hawaii conference on India, Friedman had been in China, and his memorandum to Communist Party General Secretary Zhao Ziyang and two-hour dialogue of 19 September 1988 with him are now classics republished in the 1998 autobiography. Also republished there are all documents relating to Friedman’s six-day academic visit to Chile in March 1975 and his correspondence with General Pinochet, which speak for themselves and make clear Friedman had nothing to do with that regime other than offer his opinion when asked about how to reduce Chile’s hyperinflation at the time.

 

My association with Milton has been the zenith of my engagement with academic economics, with e-mails exchanged as recently as September. I was a doctoral student of his bitter enemy yet for over two decades he not only treated me with unfailing courtesy and affection, he supported me in lonely righteous battles: doing for me what he said he had never done before, which was to stand as an expert witness in a United States Federal Court. I will miss him much though I know that he, as a man of reason, would not have wished me to.

Subroto Roy

Milton Friedman on the Mahalanobis-Nehru “Second Plan”

Note by Dr Subroto Roy: Milton Friedman, who died last week (obituary: page 7) , gave me this document (dated 15 February 1956) in 1984. I did not publish it in Hawaii in May 1989 in Foundations of India’s Political Economy along with his November 1955 Memorandum to the Government of India because it was rather more candid and personal in tone. The Berlin Wall had not yet fallen, and I was at the time being attacked by prominent Indian and foreign economists and political scientists for wanting to publish the 1955 Memorandum at all. Today, we in India are well on our way to making more objective studies of our intellectual and political history than was possible two decades ago. Friedman’s candid observations, from the Cold War era of Krushchev’s denunciation of Stalin, seem as fascinating as the tales of travellers from courts of olden times.

Mahalanobis’s  Plan
by Milton Friedman

First published in The Statesman front page http://www.thestatesman.net November 22 2006

“I met PC Mahalanobis in 1946 and again at a meeting of the International Statistical Institute in September 1947, and I know him well by reputation. He was absent during most of my stay in New Delhi, but I met him at a meeting of the Indian Planning Commission, of which he is one of the strongest and most able members.

Mahalanobis began as a mathematician and is a very able one. Able mathematicians are usually recognized for their ability at a relatively early age. Realizing their own ability as they do and working in a field of absolutes, tends, in my opinion, to make them dangerous when they apply themselves to economic planning. They produce specific and detailed plans in which they have confidence, without perhaps realizing that economic planning is not the absolute science that mathematics is. This general characteristic of mathematicians is true of Mahalanobis but in spite of the tendency he is willing to discuss a problem and listen to a different point of view. Once his decision is reached, however, he has great confidence in it.

Mahalanobis was unquestionably extremely influential in drafting the Indian five-year plan. There were four key steps in the plan. The first was the so-called “Plan Frame” drafted by Mahalanobis himself. The second was a tentative plan based on the “Plan Frame”. The third step was a report by a committee of economists on the first two steps, and the fourth was a minority report by BR Shenoy on the economists’ report. The economists had no intention of drafting a definitive proposal but merely meant to comment on certain aspects of the first two steps. Shenoy’s minority report, however, had the effect of making the economists’ report official.

The scheme of the Five Year Plan attributed to Mahalanobis faces two problems; one, that India needs heavy industry for economic development; and two, that development of heavy industry uses up large amounts of capital while providing only small employment.

Based on these facts, Mahalanobis proposed to concentrate on heavy industry development on the one hand and to subsidize the hand production cottage industries on the other. The latter course would discriminate against the smaller manufacturers. In my opinion, the plan wastes both capital and labour and the Indians get only the worst of both efforts. If left to their own devices under a free enterprise system I believe the Indians would gravitate naturally towards the production of such items as bicycles, sewing machines, and radios. This trend is already apparent without any subsidy.

The Indian cottage industry is already cloaked in the same popular sort of mist as is rural life in the US. There is an idea in both places that this life is typical and the backbone of their respective countries. Politically, the Indian cottage industry problem is akin to the American farm problem. Mohandas Gandhi was a proponent of strengthening the cottage industry as a weapon against the British. This reason is now gone but the emotions engendered by Gandhi remain. Any move to strengthen the cottage industry has great political appeal and thus, Mahalanobis’ plan and its pseudo-scientific support for the industry also has great political appeal.  I found many supporters for the heavy industry phase of the Plan but almost no one (among the technical Civil Servants) who really believes in the cottage industry aspects, aside from their political appeal.

In its initial form, the plan was very large and ambitious with optimistic estimates. My impression is that there is a substantial trend away from this approach, however, and an attempt to cut down. The development of heavy industry has slowed except for steel and iron. I believe that the proposed development of a synthetic petroleum plant has been dropped and probably wisely so. In addition, I believe that the proposed five year plan may be extended to six years. Other than his work on the plan, I am uncertain of Mahalanobis’ influence. The gossip is that he has Nehru’s ear and potentially he could be very influential, simply because of his intellectual ability and powers of persuasion. The question that occurs to me is how much difference Mahalanobis’ plan makes. The plan does not seem the important thing to me. I believe that the new drive and enthusiasm of the Indian nation will surmount any plan, good or bad. Then too, I feel a wide diversity in what is said and what is done. I believe that much of Nehru’s socialistic talk is simply that, just talk. Nehru has been trying to undermine the Socialist Party by this means and apparently the Congress Party’s adoption of a socialistic idea for industry has been successful in this respect.

One gets the impression, depending on whom one talks with, either that the Government runs business, or that two or three large businesses run the government. All that appears publicly indicates that the first is true, but a case can also be made for the latter interpretation. Favour and harassment are counterparts in the Indian economic scheme. There is no significant impairment of the willingness of Indian capitalists to invest in their industries, except in the specific industries where nationalization has been announced, but they are not always willing to invest and take the risks inherent in the free enterprise system. They want the Government to support their investment and when it refuses they back out and cry “Socialism”.”

 

On a Liberal Party for India

NON-EXISTENT LIBERALS

By SUBROTO ROY

First published in The Sunday Statesman October 22 2006, Editorial Page Special Article


Communists, socialists and fascists exist in the Left, Congress and BJP-RSS ~ but there is a conservative/”classical liberal” party missing in Indian democracy today

We in India have sorely needed for many years a serious “classical liberal” or “conservative” political party. Major democratic countries used to have such parties which paid lip-service at least to “classical liberal” principles. But the 2003 attack on Iraq caused Bush/McCain-Republicans to merge with Hilary-Democrats, and Blair-Labour with Tory neocons, all united in a cause of collective mendacity, self-delusion and jingoism over the so-called “war on terror”. The “classical liberal” or “libertarian” elements among the Republicans and Tories find themselves isolated today, just as do pacifist communitarian elements among the Democrats and Labour. There are no obvious international models that a new Indian Liberal Party could look at ~ any models that exist would be very hard to find, perhaps in New Zealand or somewhere in Canada or North Eastern Europe like Estonia. There have been notable individual Indian Liberals though whom it may be still possible to look to for some insight: Gokhale, Sapru, Rajagopalachari and Masani among politicians, Shenoy among economists, as well as many jurists in years and decades gone by.

What domestic political principles would a “classical liberal” or conservative party believe in and want to implement in India today? First of all, the “Rule of Law” and an “Efficient Judiciary”. Secondly, “Family Values” and “Freedom of Religious Belief”. Thirdly, “Limited Government” and a “Responsible Citizenry”. Fourthly, “Sound Money” and “Free Competitive Markets”. Fifthly, “Compassion” and a “Safety Net”. Sixthly, “Education and Health for All”. Seventhly, “Science, not Superstition”. There may be many more items but this in itself would be quite a full agenda for a new Liberal Party to define for India’s electorate of more than a half billion voters, and then win enough of a Parliamentary majority to govern with at the Union-level, besides our more than two dozen States.

The practical policies entailed by these sorts of political slogans would involve first and foremost cleaning up the budgets and accounts of every single governmental entity in the country, namely, the Union, every State, every district and municipality, every publicly funded entity or organisation. Secondly, improving public decision-making capacity so that once budgets and accounts recover from having been gravely sick for decades, there are functioning institutions for their proper future management. Thirdly, resolving J&K in the most lawful and just manner as well as military problems with Pakistan in as practical and efficacious a way as possible today. This is necessary if military budgets are ever going to be drawn down to peacetime levels from levels they have been at ever since the Second World War. How to resolve J&K justly and lawfully has been described in these pages before (The Statesman, “Solving Kashmir” 1-3 December 2005, “Law, Justice and J&K”, 2-3 July 2006).

Cleaning up public budgets and accounts would pari passu stop corruption in its tracks, as well as release resources for valuable public goods and services. A beginning may be made by, for example, tripling the resources every year for three years that are allocated to the Judiciary, School Education and Basic Health, subject to tight systems of performance-audit. Institutions for improved political and administrative decision-making are necessary throughout the country if public preferences with respect to raising and allocating common resources are to be elicited and then translated into actual delivery of public goods and services.

This means inter alia that our often dysfunctional Parliament and State Legislatures have to be inspired by political statesmen (if any such may be found to be encouraged or engendered) to do at least a little of what they have been supposed to be doing. If the Legislative Branch and the Executive it elects are to lead this country, performance-audit will have to begin with them.

The result of healthy public budgets and accounts, and an economy with functioning public goods and services, would be a macroeconomic condition for the paper-rupee to once more become a money that is as good as gold, namely, a convertible world currency again after having suffered sixty years of abuse via endless deficit finance at the hands of first the British and then numerous Governments of free India that have followed.

It may be noticed the domestic aspects of such an agenda oppose almost everything the present Sonia-Manmohan Congress and Jyoti Basu “Left” stand for — whose “politically correct” thoughts and deeds have ruined India’s money and public budgets, bloated India’s Government especially the bureaucracy and the military, starved the Judiciary and damaged the Rule of Law, and gone about overturning Family Values. While there has been endless talk from them about being “pro-poor”, the actual results of their politicization of India’s economy are available to be seen with the naked eye everywhere.

One hundred years from now if our souls returned to visit the areas known today as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh etc, we may well find 500+ million inhabitants still below the same poverty-line despite all the gaseous prime ministerial or governmental rhetoric today and projections about alleged growth-rates.

If the Congress and “Left” must oppose any real “classical liberal” or conservative agenda, we may ask if the BJP-RSS could be conceivably for it. The answer is clearly not. The BJP-RSS may pontificate much about being patriotic to the motherland and about past real or imagined glories of Indian culture and religion, but that hardly ever has translated concretely into anything besides anti-Muslim or anti-Christian rhetoric, or breeding superstitions like astrology even at supposedly top technological institutes in the country. (Why all astrology is humbug, and a pre-Copernican Western import at that, is because all horoscopes assume the Sun rotates around the Earth in a geocentric solar system; the modern West’s scientific outlook arose only after astrology had declined there thanks to Copernicus and Galileo establishing the solar system as heliocentric.)

As for a “classical liberal” economic agenda, the BJP in Government transpired to be as bad if not worse than their adversaries in fiscal and monetary profligacy, except they flattered and were flattered by the organised capital of the big business lobbies whereas their adversaries flatter and are flattered by the organised power of the big labour unions (covering a tiny privileged class among India’s massive workforce). Neither has had the slightest interest in the anonymous powerless individual Indian citizen or household. The BJP in Opposition, instead of seeking to train and educate a new modern principled conservative leadership, appear to wish to regress even further back towards their very own brand of coarse fascism. “Family Values” are why Indian school-children have become the envy of the world in their keen discipline and anxiety to learn – yet even there the BJP had nothing to say on Sonia Gandhi’s pet bill on women’s property rights, whose inevitable result will be further conflict between daughters and daughters-in-law of normal Indian families.

At the root of the malaise of our political parties may be the fact we have never had any kind of grassroots “orange” revolution. There has been also an underlying national anxiety of disintegration and disorder from which the idea of a “strong Centre” follows, which has effectively meant a Delhi bloated with power and swimming in self-delusion. The BJP and Left are prisoners of their geriatric leaderships and rather unpleasant ideologies and interest-groups, while the Congress has failed to invent or adopt any ideology besides sycophancy. Let it be remembered Sonia Gandhi had been genuinely disdainful of the idea of leading that party at Rajiv’s death; today she has allowed herself to become its necessary glue. The most salubrious thing she could do for the party (and hence for India) is to do a Michael Howard: namely, preside over a genuine leadership contest between a half-dozen ambitious people, and then withdraw with her family permanently from India’s politics, focusing instead on the legacy of her late husband. Without that happening, the Congress cannot be made a healthy political entity, and hence the other parties have no role-model to imitate. Meanwhile, a liberal political party, which necessarily would be non-geriatric and non-sycophantic, is still missing in India.

Indian Money and Credit

Indian Money & Credit
by
Subroto Roy
First published in The Sunday Statesman, August 6 2006, Editorial Page Special Article

One rural household may lend another rural household 10 kg or 100 kg of grain or seed for a short time. When it does, it expects to receive back a little more than the amount lent ~ even if that little amount is in services or in plain goodwill among friends or neighbours. That extra amount is “real interest”, and the percentage of its value relative to the whole is the “real rate of interest”. So if 10 kg of grain are lent for two weeks and 11 kg are returned, an implicit real rate of interest of 10 per cent has been paid over that short period. The future is always less valuable than the present in the sense that 10 kg of grain today is worth something more than the prospect of the same 10 kg of grain tomorrow.

But loans may be made in terms of money rather than real units of grain, thus the change in the value of money over the period of the loan becomes relevant. If a loan of Rs 100,000 is made by a bank to a borrower for one year at a simple interest rate of 13 per cent per annum, and the value of money then declines at 8 per cent over the year, the debtor is paying real interest of just about 13 per cent-8 per cent = 5 per cent. The Yale economist Irving Fisher described how this monetary rate of interest equals the real rate of interest plus the rate of monetary inflation, while the great Swedish economist Knut Wicksell predicted inflation if the monetary rate fell below the real rate, and vice versa.

And there is another consideration too. A new cycle-rickshaw costs about Rs 5,000. A rickshaw driver who does not own his own machine has to pay the owner of the rickshaw a fixed rental of about Rs 15 per day. Now a government policy may want to see more cycle-rickshaw drivers owning their own machines, and allocate bank-credit accordingly. But some fraction of the drivers are alcoholics and hence are bad credit-risks, while others are industrious, have strong family lives and are good credit-risks. If a creditor is unable to distinguish between who is an alcoholic and who is not, credit terms will tend towards subsidising the alcoholic and taxing the industrious.

On the other hand, a creditor who knows each debtor individually will also know their credit-risks, and price individual loans to them accordingly. India’s credit markets, both rural and urban, have been segmented always into “formal” and “informal”, and remain so despite (or perhaps because of) much government intervention in recent decades.

Banks and the Reserve Bank of India operate in formal financial markets, but the informal credit market is where the real action is. For example, a mosaic-machine used in the construction business costs Rs 15,000 brand new and gets to be rented out at the rate of Rs 150 per day.

Someone with access to formal sector bank loans at say 13 per cent per annum, might borrow the Rs 15,000, buy a machine, rent it out, break-even within a few months and make a whopping profit afterwards. Everyone would thus hunger after subsidised formal sector bank loans, and these would be rationed quickly and then come to be allocated to people known to bank officials (like their own friends and relatives).

Rates of return on capital, i.e. real profits, are and always have been massively high in India, and that is what is to be expected because capital, both machinery and finance, is relatively scarce as a factor of production. Rates of return on labour, i.e. real wages, are on the other hand relatively low in India thanks to our vast population. For these reasons we have had for three centuries foreigners coming to India to invest their capital in enterprise and make a profit, while Indians have emigrated all over the world from Fiji to Britain to America in search of higher wages.

Now all of this is very elementary reasoning well known to serious monetary economists, yet it seems to have always escaped India’s monetary and fiscal decision-makers. For example, just the other day, the Finance Minister said in Parliament that all rural banks had been instructed to lend farmers credit at a 7 per cent (monetary) rate of interest, and failure to do so would lead to  punishment. By the rickshaw example (in fact many cycle-rickshaw drivers are also marginal farmers), the FM did not wish to, and of course cannot in practice, distinguish between good and bad credit-risks among the recipients of such loans. If the value of money is declining by, say, 8 per cent per annum, a 7 per cent monetary rate is equivalent to a minus 1 per cent real rate. i.e., the FM would have done some Humpty Dumpty economics and caused the future prospect of holding Rs 1,000 tomorrow to be more and not less valuable than the certainty of holding Rs 1,000 today. It is inevitable there will be credit-rationing when credit is so massively subsidised, so the typical borrowing farmer will get some little fraction of his credit-needs at the official government price of 7 per cent per annum and then have to get the bulk of his credit-needs fulfilled in the informal market ~ at a price perhaps of 1 per cent-5 per cent PER DAY! The FM promising in his Budget to subsidise farm credit sounds nice on TV but may be wholly futile as a way of stopping farmers’ suicides.

The same kind of Humpty Dumpty monetary economics has been religiously pursued by the Reserve Bank of India for decades upon directions from its owner and master, the Finance Ministry ~ which in turn has always meekly followed the dictates of India’s unreasonable politicians of all parties. Formal sector interest rates in India have been for decades so artificially lowered that even if we use official figures measuring inflation, this leads to real interest rates being lower in capital-scarce India than in the capital-rich West! (See graphs).  Negative or near-zero real interest rates in India’s formal financial sector coexisting with massively high profit rates in informal credit markets point to continuous processes of low risk profits being made by arbitrage between the two. That is why the organised private and public sectors seem so pleased with official credit policies ~ while every borrower in the informal credit markets always has suicide not far from his/her mind.

Other than Dr Rangarajan who once mentioned it, we have never had an RBI Governor who has wished to see the Reserve Bank of India constitutionally independent of the Government of the day, and hence dedicated to restoring the integrity of India’s money. Playing with the repo rate or other short term monetary rates is fun and makes the RBI think it is doing something as important as the US or UK central banks. Certainly the upward trend in such short term rates over the last few months is better than the nonsensical flip-flops previously. But it is small potatoes compared to the really giant variables which are all fiscal and not monetary in India. For example, Sonia Gandhi (as advised by another naturalized Indian, Jean Drèze, disciple of the Non-Resident Amartya Sen) insisted on a massive “Rural Employment Guarantee”; Manmohan Singh and Pranab Mukherjee have insisted on massive foreign weapons’ purchases and government wage increases; Praful Patel on massive foreign aircraft purchases; Arjun Sengupta on Scandinavian welfare benefits; Montek Ahluwalia on nuclear reactor purchases (so South Delhi will be able at least to run its ACs in 20 years’ time). All this adds endlessly to the stock of government paper being held as bank-assets, while the currency remains inconvertible (See e.g. The Statesman 30 October 2005, 6-8 January, 23 April 2006).The RSS/BJP and JNU/Left have been equally bereft of serious thought.

Tell any suicidal farmer that the Government of India has been borrowing larger and larger amounts every year just to pay interest on previously incurred debts; it may make him realise there are famous and powerful people who are even more unwise than himself and amount to effective suicide-prevention therapy. But do not tell him that they unlike himself have been playing with public money ~ or you may have the opposite effect.

Understanding Pakistan

UNDERSTANDING PAKISTAN

First published in The Sunday Statesman & The Statesman Editorial Page Special Article

30-31 July, 2006

by

Subroto Roy

 

 

 

 

Pakistan’s political institutions have failed to develop properly over sixty years. Yet in the last ten years or more, its Government has acquired weapons of mass destruction and in 1998-99 its Foreign Minister half-threatened to use these against India in a first strike. As a religious and cultural phenomenon and as a putative nation-state, Pakistan needs to be sought to be understood in as unbiased and objective a manner as possible, not least by Pakistanis themselves, as well as by Afghans, Bangladeshis, Chinese, Americans,Israelis, Arabs, Iranians etc. besides ourselves in India.

 

The slogan “Islam in danger” has always had some substance since orthodox Muslims constantly face temptations in the world existing around them from materialism, scepticism, syncretism, pantheism etc. Some responded defensively to the Westernisation/modernisation of India’s Hindus, Parsees and Christians by becoming insular and separatist in outlook, and anti-individualist or communal in behaviour.

 

“We are an Arab people whose fathers have fallen in exile in the country of Hindustan, and Arabic genealogy and Arabic language are our pride,” declared Wali Allah (1703-1762), a contemporary of Nejd’s founder of Wahhabism. “We must repudiate all those Indian, Persian and Roman customs which are contrary to the Prophet’s teaching”, declared Barelvi (1786-1831), who also initiated the idea of a religious mass migration of North Indian Muslims. His movement saw “jihad as one of the basic tenets of faith… it chose as the venue of jihad the NW Frontier of the subcontinent, where it was directed against the Sikhs. Barelvi temporarily succeeded in carving out a small theocratic principality which collapsed owing to the friction between his Pathan and North Indian followers…” (A. Ahmed, in Basham (ed) Cultural History of India).

 

Political and psychological tensions between Pakistan’s Pashtun/Baloch tribal people and Punjabi/ Urdu elite continue to this day, even when many of the former have integrated into industries and vocations controlled by the latter. The highlanders were never part of Hindu societies, while the plainsmen, whether they admit it or not, ethnically were converts for the most part from India’s native religions (though here again the religious syncretism of Sindhis, both Muslim and Hindu, may be contrasted with orthodoxy). Barelvi’s theocracy, named Tariqa-yi Muhammadiya, had remnants near Sittana until the First World War, and his followers are still a major component of Pakistan’s most orthodox today.

 

Muslim separatism in North India would have been futile without British political backing. As early as 1874, the British saw their advantage: “The existence side by side of these hostile creeds (Hindu and Muslim) is one of the strong points in our political position in India. The better classes of Mohammedans are a source of strength to us and not of weakness. They constitute a comparatively small but an energetic minority of the population whose political interests are identical with ours.” When the Agha Khan’s 1906 delegation first pleaded for communal representation, Minto agreed with them, and Minto’s wife wrote in her diary the effect was “nothing less than the pulling back of sixty two millions (of Muslims) from joining the ranks of the seditious opposition.” The slogan “If you are not with us you are against us” was always widely applied by the British in India in the form “If you dare to not be with us, we definitely will be with your adversaries”.

 

One obscure ideological current of today’s Pakistan came via the enigmatic personage of Inayatullah Mashriqi (1888-1963), who, from being a Cambridge Wrangler, became a friend of Adolf Hitler in 1926, received a Renault as a gift from Hitler (possibly housed in a Lahore museum today) and claimed to have affected Hitler’s ideology. Mashriqi created the Khaksars, modelled on the Nazi SA, and was often jailed for violence.

 

But the official ideology of today’s Pakistan came from Mohammad Iqbal (1877-1938), an admirer of Friedrich Nietzsche. Indeed, “Pakistan” would have been better named “Iqbalistan” and its nationals “Iqbalians”, just as countries like Colombia, the USA, Israel, Saudi Arabia etc. have been named after an individual person. Iqbal’s 1930 Presidential Speech to the Muslim League in Allahabad conceptualised the country that exists today: “I would like to see the Punjab, NWFP, Sind and Baluchistan amalgamated into a single state…the formation of a consolidated NW Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of NW India… India is the greatest Muslim country in the world. The life of Islam as a cultural force in this living country very largely depends on its centralisation in a specified territory… “

 

Though Kashmiri himself, Iqbal was silent about J&K being any part of this new entity. Nor did he see this Muslim country being theocratic or filled with anti-Hindu bigotry: “A community which is inspired by feelings of ill-will towards other communities is low and ignoble. I entertain the highest respect for the customs, laws, religious and social institutions of other communities…. Yet I love the communal group which is the source of my life and my behaviour; and which has formed me what I am by giving me its religion, its literature, its thought, its culture,and thereby recreating its whole past, as a living operating factor, in my present consciousness… Nor should the Hindus fear that the creation of autonomous Muslim states will mean the introduction of a kind of religious rule in such states…. I therefore demand the formation of a consolidated Muslim state in the best interests of India and Islam. For India it means security and peace resulting from an internal balance of power, for Islam an opportunity to rid itself of the stamp that Arabian Imperialism was forced to give it, to mobilise its law, its education, its culture, and to bring them into closer contact with its own original spirit and the spirit of modern times.” Iqbal clearly wished to be rid of the same stamp of Arabian Imperialism that Wali Allah had extolled.

 

In 1937, Iqbal added an economic dimension referring to Shariat in order that “at least the right to subsistence is secured to everybody”. A “free Muslim state or states” was “the only way to solve the problem of bread for Muslims as well as to secure a peaceful India.”

 

Iqbal persuaded MA Jinnah (1876-1948), who had settled once again into his London law practice, to return to India in 1934. But when, following the 1935 Government of India Act, India experienced its first democratic elections in 1937, the Muslim League’s ideology promoted by Iqbal and Jinnah failed miserably in the very four provinces that Iqbal had named.

 

Three days after Hitler’s attack on Poland, the British chose to politically empower Jinnah. Until September 4 1939, the British “had had little time for Jinnah and his League. The Government’s declaration of war on Germany on 3 September, however, transformed the situation. A large part of the army was Muslim, much of the war effort was likely to rest on the two Muslim majority provinces of Punjab and Bengal. The following day, the Viceroy invited Jinnah for talks on an equal footing with Gandhi…. because the British found it convenient to take the League seriously, everyone had to as well” (F. Robinson, in James & Roy (eds) Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy). Jinnah himself was amazed: “suddenly there was a change in the attitude towards me. I was treated on the same basis as Mr Gandhi. I was wonderstruck why all of a sudden I was promoted and given a place side by side with Mr Gandhi.”

 

Britain at war was faced too with intransigence from the Congress — Gandhi, for example, rudely dismissing the 1942 Cripps offer as a “post-dated cheque on a failing bank”. It was unsurprising this would contribute to the British tilt towards Congress’s adversary. Suddenly, Rahmat Ali’s acronym “PAKSTAN” , supposedly invented on the top floor of a London bus, was becoming a credible possibility.

 

By 1946, Muslim electoral opinion had changed drastically in the League’s favour. By 1947, Iqbal’s lofty philosophical vision of a cultured Muslim state had degenerated into irrational street mobs shouting: “Larke lenge Pakistan; Marke lenge Pakistan; Khun se lenge Pakistan; Dena hoga Pakistan”.

 

Events remote from India’s history and geography, namely, Hitler’s rise and the Second World War, had contributed between 1937 and 1947 to the change of fortune of Jinnah’s League, and hence the fate of all the people of the subcontinent. Even so, thanks to AK Azad’s diplomacy, the May 1946 Cabinet Mission Plan denying Partition and Pakistan did come to be accepted by Jinnah’s Muslim League, and it was doubtless the obduracy and megalomania of Azad’s Congress colleagues which contributed equally to the failure to find a political solution ~ along with the vapid behaviour of a pompous, vacuous Mountbatten who caused infinite uncertainty until June 3 1947, as to what was going to happen to the lives of scores of millions of ordinary people within a few weeks.

 

In August 1947, the new Pakistani elite hardly felt or even wished to feel free of the British ~ they merely felt independent of what they saw as Congress domination, and had now acquired some power for themselves. Far from any nation-building taking place, Pakistan’s early years were marked by political, legal, constitutional and military chaos and trauma. Both Dominions made a grab for the Raj’s common assets, especially the armed forces.

 

Indeed, how did the Kashmir problem originate? As much as any other factor, it occurred because of the incompetent partitioning of military assets and hurried decommissioning of British Indian armies ~ causing thousands of Mirpuri soldiers to return to a communally inflamed Punjab/ Jammu region.

 

The first J&K war started within weeks of Partition and was in all but name a civil war ~ somewhat like the American Civil War. It was a civil war not merely between Kashmir’s National and Muslim Conferences but also between Army regiments who had been jointly fighting Britain’s enemies until very recently.

 

Pakistan’s leadership vacuum started at once. Jinnah was ill and died shortly. Liaquat Ali Khan was the only politician of any experience left. He faced on one side Pashtuns having no wish to be dominated by a new Karachi/ Rawalpindi elite, and on the other side, the Kashmir conflict. The most basic functions of governance never got started. Taking a Census has been one such function since Roman times, yet Pakistan has never had one. Writing a Constitution is another, but Maududi and others demanded “That the sovereignty in Pakistan belongs to God Almighty alone and that the Government of Pakistan shall administer the country as His agent”. As a result, Pakistan’s few constitutionalists have been battling impossibly ever since to overcome the ontological mistake made of assuming that any earthly government, no matter how pious, can be in communication with God Almighty as easily as it can be with foreign governments.

 

The Rule of Law is another basic function. But when Liaquat was himself assassinated in 1951, his assassin was killed on the spot yet the murder remained unsolved. Mashriqi was immediately arrested because of his hostility to the Muslim League, but later released. Because the assassin was Pashtun, Afghanistan was blamed but the Afghan Government proved otherwise. The investigating policeman was killed in an aircrash, and all documents went with him. Final suspicion pointed towards Akbar Khan, the renegade Army general who had led the attack on J&K and was in jail for the Rawalpindi conspiracy. Years later, Liaquat’s widow (the former Irene Pant of Naini Tal) rued the fact no one was ever prosecuted.

 

After Liaquat’s assassination, the period of Ghulam Mohammad, Nazimuddin, Mohammad Ali Bogra, Chaudhury Mohammad Ali, and most importantly, Iskander Mirza leading up to Ayub Khan’s Martial Law in 1958, was simply appalling in its display of the sheer irresponsibility of Pakistan’s new super-elite. Instead of domestic nation-building or fulfilling the basic functions of governance, close comprador relations came to be established with the US and British Governments ~ exemplified by Mirza’s elder son taking the American Ambassador’s daughter as his (first) wife and moving to a lifelong career with the World Bank in Washington. This comprador relationship between Washington, London and Pakistan’s super-elite flourishes and continues to this day. E.g., the current World Bank head and architect of the 2003 Bush invasion of Iraq, Paul Wolfowitz, remains in a mentoring relationship with Shaukat Aziz, a former American bank executive, who is General Musharraf’s Prime Minister. For better or worse, Pakistan’s Government will never veer from the side of Anglo-American policy while such comprador relationships remain intact.

 

Before the 1971 war, West Pakistan was in a frenzy from a propaganda campaign of “Crush India” and “Hang Mujib”. General Niazi’s surrender to General Arora in Dhaka Stadium ~ causing 90,000 PoWs whom India then protected from Bangladeshi revenge ~ shocked Pakistan and shattered the self-image of its Army. ZA Bhutto was the only populist politician of the country ever, and his few years held vanishing promise of a normal political agenda (no matter how economically misguided) finally arising. But Bhutto suppressed the new Baloch revolt with the Shah of Iran’s military help; at the same time he failed to protect his own back against Zia ul Haq’s coup, leading to his judicial murder in 1979. Zia tried to rebuild the Army’s shattered esprit de corps the only way he knew how, which was by indoctrinating the Punjabi officer corps with Sunni dogmatism. This coincided with the Afghan civil war, influx of refugees, and US-Saudi-Chinese plan to defeat the USSR. Pakistan’s super-elite in their comprador role were happy to allow themselves to be used again and be hung out to dry afterwards.

 

All normal branches of Pakistan’s polity, like the electorate,press, political parties, Legislature and Judiciary, have remained at best in ill-formed inchoate states of being. The economy remains, like India’s, one fed on endless deficit finance paid for by unlimited printing of inconvertible paper money, though Pakistan has had relatively more labour emigration and much less foreign investment and technological progress than India. Both are wracked by corruption, poverty, ignorance and superstition.

 

Over half a century, the military has acquired vast economic and political interests and agendas, on pretext of protecting Pakistan from India or gaining “Kashmeer” for it. With few and noble exceptions, academics, politicians and journalists have remained timid in face of fascistic State-power with its militarist/Islamist ideology ~ causing a transferance of the people’s anger and frustration onto an easier target, namely ourselves in India. Anti-Indianism (especially over J&K) remains the sole unifying factor of Pakistan’s super-elite, regardless of what history’s objective facts may have to say. Much political courage and understanding will be needed for that to be reversed.

 

All countries hunger for genuine national heroes who take upon themselves individual risks on behalf of ordinary people. Wali Khan stood up to his father’s jailors, and young Benazir of 1980s vintage to her father’s executioner. But Pakistan has had few such heroes,certainly none among its bemedalled generals. Why AQ Khan is seen as a hero is because he at least took some personal risks, and finally brought Pakistan a kind of respect and independence in the world with his Bomb.

The Politics of Dr Singh (2006)

Preface April 25 2009:  This article of mine has become a victim of bowdlerization on the Internet by someone who seems to support Dr Singh’s political adversaries.  I should say, therefore, as I have said before that  there is nothing personal in my critical assessment of Dr Singh’s economics and politics.  To the contrary, he has been in decades past a friend or at least a colleague of my father’s, and in the autumn of 1973 visited our then-home in Paris at the request of my father to advise me, then aged 18, before I embarked on my undergraduate studies at the London School of Economics.   My assessments in recent years like “The Politics of Dr Singh” or “Assessing Manmohan” etc need to be seen along with my “Assessing Vajpayee: Hindutva True and False”, “The Hypocrisy of the CPI-M”, “Against Quackery”, “Our Dismal Politics”, “Political Paralysis” etc.   (Also “Mistaken Macroeconomics”, June 2009). Nothing personal is intended in any of these; the purpose at hand has been to contribute to a full and vigorous discussion of the public interest in India.

Postscript 2 Sep 2013: See especially Did Jagdish Bhagwati “originate”, “pioneer”, “intellectually father” India’s 1991 economic reform?  Did Manmohan Singh? Or did I, through my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi, just as Siddhartha Shankar Ray told Manmohan & his aides in Sep 1993 in Washington?  Judge the evidence for yourself.  And why has Amartya Sen misdescribed his work? India’s right path forward today remains what I said in my 3 Dec 2012 Delhi lecture!

also from 2014: https://independentindian.com/2014/08/07/haksar-manmohan-and-sonia/

 

 

 

THE POLITICS OF DR SINGH

 

by

Subroto Roy

First published in The Sunday Statesman Editorial Page Special Article, May 21 2006

Manmohan Singh matriculated during Partition, and earned bachelor’s and master’s degrees in economics from Punjab University in 1952 and 1954. He then went to Cambridge to read for the BA over two years. The pro-communist Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor were dominant influences in Cambridge economics at the time. Mark Tully reports Dr Singh saying in 2005 he fell under their influence. “At university I first became conscious of the creative role of politics in shaping human affairs, and I owe that mostly to my teachers Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor. Joan Robinson was a brilliant teacher, but she also sought to awaken the inner conscience of her students in a manner that very few others were able to achieve. She questioned me a great deal and made me think the unthinkable. She propounded the left wing interpretation of Keynes, maintaining that the state has to play more of a role if you really want to combine development with social equity. Kaldor influenced me even more; I found him pragmatic, scintillating, stimulating. Joan Robinson was a great admirer of what was going on in China, but Kaldor used the Keynesian analysis to demonstrate that capitalism could be made to work.”

Now, in fact, what was going on in China at that time was the notorious catastrophe caused by Mao Zedong known initially as the “Little Leap Forward” (with a Stalin-like collectivization of agriculture) and then as the “Great Leap Forward”. Mao later apologised to China’s people for his ignorance of microeconomic principles, admitting he “had not realised coal and steel do not move of their own accord but have to be transported”. If what Robinson was extolling to young Indians at Cambridge like Amartya Sen and Manmohan Singh in the mid 1950s was Mao’s China, it was manifest error.

As for Kaldor, the Canadian economist Harry Johnson independently reported that “being a man who rolls with the times fairly fast”, Kaldor “decided early on that capitalism actually was working. So for him the problem was, given that it works, it cannot possibly work because the theory of it is right. It must work for some quite unsuspected reason which only people as intelligent as himself can see.” Like Robinson, Kaldor made a handful of fine contributions to economic theory. But in policy-making he exemplified the worst leftist intellectual vanity and “technocratic” arrogance.

Returning to India, Manmohan Singh was required to spend three years at Chandigarh. In 1960, he left for Nuffield College to work for an Oxford DPhil on the subject of Indian exports. He returned to Chandigarh as required by government rules for another three years, and in 1966 left again until 1969, this time as a bureaucrat at the new UNCTAD in New York run by Raul Prebisch. A book deriving from his doctoral thesis was published by Clarendon Press in 1964.

In 1969, Dr Singh returned to India becoming Professor of International Trade at the Delhi School of Economics. A technical survey of mainstream Indian economic thinking done by his colleagues Jagdish Bhagwati and Sukhamoy Chakravarty published in the American Economic Review of 1969, made footnote references to his book in context of planning and protectionism, but not in the main discussion of Indian exports which at the time had to do with exchange-rate overvaluation.

After Indira Gandhi’s March 1971 election victory, Dr Singh came to the attention of Parameshwar Narain Haksar, who launched his career in bureaucracy after inviting him to write a political paper “What to do with the victory”. Haksar had been an Allahabad lawyer married into the Sapru family. In London as a student he was a protégé of R. Palme Dutt and Krishna Menon, and openly pro-USSR. He was close to the Nehrus, and Jawaharlal placed him in the new Foreign Service. He was four years older than Indira and later knew her husband Feroze Gandhi who died in 1960. By May 1967 Haksar was Indira’s adviser, and became “probably the most influential and powerful person in the Government” until 1974, when there was a conflict with her younger son. But Haksar’s influence continued well into the 1990s. His deeds include nationalization of India’s banks, the Congress split and creation of the Congress(I), and politicisation of the bureaucracy including the intelligence services. High quality independent civil servants became politically committed pro-USSR bureaucrats instead. Professionalism ended and the “courtier culture” and “durbar” politics began.

Haksar and T. N. Kaul were key figures negotiating the August 1971 “Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation” with the USSR, which was to run 25 years except the USSR collapsed before then. Indira had hosted Richard Nixon two years previously, and the Nixon-Kissinger attempt to get close to Zhou En Lai’s China using Pakistan’s Z. A. Bhutto and Yahya Khan (coinciding with Pakistan’s civil war) were undoubtedly factors contributing to India’s Soviet alliance.

As Haksar’s protégé, Dr Singh’s rise in the economic bureaucracy was meteoric. By 1972 he was Chief Economic Adviser and by 1976 Secretary in the Finance Ministry. The newly published history of the Reserve Bank shows him conveying the Ministry’s dictates to the RBI. In 1980-1982 he was at the Planning Commission, and in 1982-1985 he was Reserve Bank Governor (when Pranab Mukherjee was Finance Minister), followed by becoming Planning Commission head, until taking his final post before retirement heading the “South-South Commission” invented by Julius Nyerere of Tanzania, from August 1987 until November 1990 in Geneva.

Dr Singh joined Chandrashekhar’s Government on 10 December 1990, when Rajiv Gandhi was Leader of the Opposition yet supporting Chandrashekhar “from the outside”, and left when new elections were announced in March 1991. The first time his name arose in context of contemporary post-Indira Congress Party politics was on 22 March 1991 when M K Rasgotra challenged the present author to answer how Manmohan Singh would respond to proposals being drafted for a planned economic liberalisation of India by the Congress Party authorised by Rajiv since September 1990 (viz., “Memos to Rajiv” The Statesman 31 July-2 August 1991 republished here as “Three Memoranda to Rajiv Gandhi”; “The Dream Team: A Critique” The Statesman 6-8 January 2006 also republished here; see also “Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform” published elsewhere here, and in abbreviated form in Freedom First, October 2001).

Rajiv was assassinated on 21 May 1991, resulting in Narasimha Rao (who had been ill and due to retire) becoming PM in June 1991. Dr Singh told Tully: “On the day (Rao) was formulating his cabinet, he sent his Principal Secretary to me saying, `The PM would like you to become the Minister of Finance’. I didn’t take it seriously. He eventually tracked me down the next morning, rather angry, and demanded that I get dressed up and come to Rashtrapati Bhavan for the swearing in. So that’s how I started in politics”. In the same conversation, however, Dr Singh also said he learnt of “the creative role of politics” from Robinson, and hence he must have realised he actually became politically committed when he began to be mentored by Haksar — Indira Gandhi’s most powerful pro-communist bureaucrat. Before 1991, Dr Singh may be fairly described as a statist anti-liberal who travelled comfortably along with the tides of the pro-USSR New Delhi political and academic establishment, following every rule in the bureaucratic book and being obedient in face of arbitrary exercise of political and economic power. There is no evidence whatsoever of him having been a liberal economist before 1991, nor indeed of having originated any liberal economic idea afterwards. The Congress Party itself in May 2002 passed a resolution saying the ideas of India’s liberalisation had originated with neither him nor Narasimha Rao.

Indeed, the 1970s and 1980s saw onset of the worst macroeconomic policies with ruination and politicisation of India’s banking system, origins of the Rs 30 trillion (Rs 30 lakh crore) public debt we have today, and the start of exponential money supply growth and inflation. Along with Pranab Mukherjee, Dr Singh, as the exemplary Haksarian bureaucrat, must accept responsibility for having presided over much of that. If they are to do anything positive for India now, it has to be first of all to undo such grave macroeconomic damage. This would inevitably mean unravelling the post-Indira New Delhi structure of power and privilege by halting deficit finance and corruption, and enforcing clean accounting and audit methods in all government organisations and institutions. Even the BJP’s Vajpayee and Advani lacked courage and understanding to begin to know how to do this, allowing themselves to be nicely co-opted by the system instead. Rajiv might have done things in a second term; but his widow and her coalition government led by Dr Singh, who exemplified India’s political economy of the 1970s and 1980s, appear clueless as to the macroeconomic facts, and more likely to enhance rather than reverse unhealthy fiscal and monetary trends.

Addendum to *Modern World History, 2006*

Subroto Roy adds  at Facebook to his 2006 essay *Modern World History* as follows:

“Throughout the 19th Century and spilling into the 20th, from the rise of Napoleon to the start of WWI, first France and then Britain were in rapid ascendancy in the world – only to decline (into near nothingness in case of France) in WWII before recovering to return to the rank of respectable powers in the second half of the 20thC. The 20th C saw rise of Germany, Japan, Communist Russia & the USA to world supremacy; Germany and Japan then vanquished themselves into near nothingness by wars they created, and Russia too, perhaps less so, by the (Leninist-Stalinist) ideology it had adopted as a cost of progress; the victor in each case was the USA and its allies Britain and France. At the close of the 20th C, the USA was unquestionably predominant in the world – only to receive a sudden and near-blinding blow in the eye by way of the 9/11 attacks from which it has taken a decade to recover. China, India and the Muslim world remain, in the main, defensive powers, not seeking foreign dominions themselves so much as seeking to prevent further foreign domination as they have suffered in the past – in this China, both Communist and Non-Communist, may be more successful than the others. Israel and Iran are indeed the new kids on the block and their unruly conflict does indeed portend the gravest risk to world tranquility in the 21st Century. Martin Buber’s statement suggesting Israel should seek to be an Asian and not a European power “pursuing the settlement effort in Palestine in agreement, nay, alliance with the peoples of the East, so as to erect with them together a great federative structure, which might learn and receive from the West whatever positive aims and means might be learnt and received from it, without, however, succumbing to the influence of its inner disarray and aimlessness”, holds an important key.

Indian Money and Banking (2006)

ON MONEY & BANKING

The deficit-finance of all public institutions flow like rivulets into the swamp that is our Public Debt, managed by the RBI

by

SUBROTO ROY

First published in The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page, Special Article

April 23 2006

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THE Reserve Bank of India, like all other public institutions, belongs to all of India’s people. There has been a tendency with every national institution, whether the ONGC or nationalised banks like SBI, or the IITs and IIMs or Air India and Indian Airlines or the Railways, Army, Navy, Air Force, IAS, IFS, Central Secretariat etc, even Parliament and State legislatures, to think that its assets, both tangible and intangible, are to serve the interests mainly of its employees, whether of Class 1, 2, 3, or 4. In fact, the assets of all such national institutions belong to all Indians: all one thousand million of us, from nameless street children and rural mendicants onwards. The body of our whole Indian citizenry own any and all such public institutions, and their employees are merely our “agents”, literally “public servants” who get paid salaries and perquisites out of public revenues. The task of managing and controlling these vast cohorts of public servants is a stupendous one of democratic politics and public administration. As a country we have never been very adept at it, indeed we often have been hopelessly incompetent. Without proper control and management, employees of national institutions have naturally tended to take over control of these assets, shifting liabilities onto the shoulders and budgets of the anonymous diffused body of citizenry who are supposed to be their masters. The public’s servants have tended to become the masters of the public’s assets and resources.

The RBI, as the nation’s Central Bank, has a unique position because its principal task is to establish and maintain the integrity of our money and banking system. The deficit-finance of all public institutions flow like rivulets into the swamp that is our Public Debt, managed by the RBI.

Money as such has no “intrinsic” worth. All the paper rupees, dollars, pounds, euros, yen in the world have less “intrinsic” usefulness than a hairpin or a button or a pair of shoelaces. Hairpins, buttons and shoelaces at least keep your hair, your shirt or your shoes together ~ the paper of paper money can be at best used to roll cigarettes perhaps. Yet paper money comes to be needed and is valued by everyone in every country ~ from street children upwards to Mr Premji, Mr Gates and Mr Mittal. Everyone accepts paper money as wages in exchange for his/her work, and then plans to use that same paper to buy food, shelter, clothing and other necessities with. I.e., we accept paper money for a short time believing we can use it to acquire useful things with. It has no intrinsic worth yet it is universally valued because everyone believes it will be accepted by everyone else in exchange for real goods and services which are in fact useful and conducive to life. The use of paper money depends on a fine and invisible web of collective trust permeating throughout the economy.

Banks arose due to the increasing complexity of modern economies in the last six hundred years. Paper currency was then supplemented in commerce by “deposits”, so that a transaction between two persons need not involve turnover of cash but can come to be accomplished by adjustment in their respective deposits with their banks. This vastly increased the quantum of trust ordinary people placed in the system of normal transactions, since they had to now believe not just in the exchangeability of paper money but also in the viability of the banks where they had placed their deposits. Currency plus Bank Deposits constitute what is called the “Money Supply”, and its controller is the RBI.

Our collective trust in money and banking is in and of itself something with economic value, which commercial banks are in a unique position to exploit. Banks can usually bet that all their customers will not demand their deposits at the same time, and so they are able to lend out as loans a very large fraction of what they have received as deposits from the public. Making such loans in turn causes the recipients of the loans to make new deposits (of what they have borrowed) in yet other banks, and this in turn acts as a signal to the receiving banks to make even more loans. Hence a process of “redeposit” or “deposit multiplication” occurs in any banking system where only a fraction of deposits is legally required to be kept as reserves by the bank. A Central Bank like the RBI then has the duty to see none of this gets out of hand: that while individual banks are acting to make profitable investments on the capital risked by a bank’s owners, they are, as a collective body, creating enough but not excessive credit to meet the needs of business.

In India, most banks came to be nationalised decades ago by Indira Gandhi on advice of P. N. Haksar, the mentor of Dr Manmohan Singh in his career as an economic bureaucrat. Whatever original capital they have had also arises from the public exchequer, and all their employees are effectively “public servants” under the Ministry of Finance. We have not been hearing from the RBI anything about the deleterious effects of this continuing state of affairs.

The RBI’s functions include managing the “Public Debt”, which stands today at perhaps Rs. 30 trillion (1 trillion= 1 lakh crore), on which interest of perhaps Rs 2-3 trillion must be paid by the Union and State Governments every year to those holding the debt (mostly the nationalised banking system under duress from the RBI). Why the stock-market has been doing so “well” is because it has been like an athlete on steroids. A stock market is supposed to be risky while a debt market is supposed to be safe. Our Government’s fiscal and monetary behaviour over decades has caused the formal debt market to yield negative returns, and so the stock-market has become relatively lucrative despite its risky nature.

It is also the RBI’s task to manage the country’s foreign exchange “reserves”, i.e. the residual balance left after all forex outgoings from purchases of imports (like petroleum or weapons) and payments of interest on or repayment of foreign loans have been subtracted from flows of incoming forex arising from export revenues, emigrants’ remittances, and new foreign loans and investments. These “reserves” do not belong to the Government or the nation in the same way tax-revenues belong to the Consolidated Fund of India. It was a shocking conceptual error of the Manmohan Singh Government’s most prominent economic bureaucrat to fail to see this and to suggest forex reserves could be used for “infrastructure” development. For the business press to get excited about forex reserves being at this or that level is also misleading, since high reserves may or may not indicate a better financial position just as a heavily indebted man may or may not be in a bad position depending on what kind of use he has made of his debts.

We have not been hearing of any of these matters from the RBI under Dr Y. V. Reddy. Instead, the one definite number we have received last week is that the RBI, under behest of its master, the Ministry of Finance, has been causing the Money Supply to grow at something like 15%. The Government’s apologists would like us to believe that this gets distributed between real economic growth in the region of 10% and inflation in the region of 5%. But for all that anybody really knows, it may be that real growth is at 5% and inflation is at 10%! Ask yourself if what you bought last year for Rs 1000 costs Rs 1050 or Rs. 1100 this year. Your guess may be as good as the Government’s.

Unaccountable Delhi: India’s Separation of Powers’ Doctrine

UNACCOUNTABLE DELHI

India’s Separation Of Powers’ Doctrine

First published in The Statesman Jan 13 2006 Editorial Page Special Article,

By Subroto Roy

The Speaker does not like the fact the High Court has issued notices questioning the procedure he followed in expelling MPs from Parliament. Sonia Gandhi’s self-styled “National Advisory Council” has demanded control over disbursement of 100,000,000,000 rupees of public money. The Manmohan Singh Government plans to quietly ignore the Supreme Court’s finding that it had breached India’s Constitution in imposing President’s Rule in Bihar.  All three issues have to do with application of India’s Separation of Powers Doctrine, i.e. the appropriate delimitation of Constitutional powers between our Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.

A constitutional crime was attempted in India during the Indira-Sanjay Gandhi political “Emergency” declared on 26 June 1975. On 10 November 1975 (a time of press censorship) a 13-judge Bench of the Supreme Court met to hear the Government plead for overrule of Kesavananda Bharati (A.I.R. 1973 S.C. 1461), a landmark Nani Palkhivala once called “the greatest contribution of the Republic of India to constitutional jurisprudence”. Within two days, the Government had failed in the Court, and Kesavananda held. What was upheld? That while India’s Parliament was sovereign and could amend the Constitution, the amending power may not be used to alter or destroy “the basic structure or framework of the Constitution”. And the Supreme Court decides for itself whether Parliament has exceeded its legitimate power to amend.

Basic structure
Palkhivala’s description of what constitutes the “basic structure or framework” of India’s Constitution is excellent enough: “the rule of law, the right to personal liberty and freedom from arbitrary arrest and imprisonment, the right to dissent which implies the freedom of speech and expression and a free press are… a part of the basic structure of a free democracy, and it is these priceless human freedoms which cannot be destroyed by Parliament in exercise of its amending power. Thus Kesavananda’s case ensures that tyranny and despotism shall not masquerade as constitutionalism.”

Palkhivala argued that, if anything, the aspects of Kesavananda that needed to be set aside were those that had over-ruled Golaknath (A.I.R. 1967 S.C. 1643) which said Parliament should not be held to have the power to abridge any fundamental right, indeed any amended article which abrogates any fundamental right is invalid.

Dicey said “In the principle of the distribution of powers which determines its form, the constitution of the United States is the exact opposite of the English constitution.” Kesavananda Bharati showed the midway point between the two in constitutional jurisprudence anywhere in the world. We are like the Americans and unlike the British first in being a Republic, and secondly in having an explicit written Constitution. We are like the British and unlike the Americans in being a parliamentary democracy where the Executive Branch of Government, namely the Prime Minister and his/her Cabinet is elected from within the Legislative Branch of Government, namely, Parliament, and must at all times retain the confidence of the latter, specifically the Lok Sabha, the House of the People.

The American Executive Branch has a directly-elected President who chooses his administration, and it is commonplace for him to not have the confidence of the Upper or Lower House of the Legislature, to the point that one recent president had to undergo impeachment proceedings and barely survived. There is no constitutional crisis in America if the Legislature loathes the President and wishes him out. The American President and his Executive Branch stay in office until the last minute of his fixed term.

PM answers to Parliament
In our system, the Prime Minister answers at all times to Parliament. Parliament in India’s democracy has normally meant the House of the People — where every member has contested and won a direct vote in his/her constituency. India’s current Lok Sabha has set a constitutional precedent not seen in more than a hundred years anywhere in electing an Executive led by someone not a member. The British Upper House used to have an aristocratic hereditary component which Mr Blair’s New Labour Government has removed, making it more like what the Rajya Sabha was supposed to be — except that by now our Rajya Sabha has tended to become a place for party worthies who have lost normal elections, superannuated cinematic personalities, perpetual bureaucrats still seeking office, and others who really should be at home helping to raise the grandchildren.  Parliament may not have fully recovered its health ever since that constitutional crime committed against the Republic known as the Indira-Sanjay “Emergency” (and at least one member of Sanjay’s coterie wields much power today).

Crimes and misdemeanours
The Supreme Court’s finding that the Government breached the Constitution by imposing President’s Rule in Bihar is a finding not of a constitutional crime but of a constitutional misdemeanour. (For reasons given already in these columns on 20 October 2005, it has nothing to do with the President, who merely embodies the sovereignty of our Republic.)  For an Executive Order or Legislative Act to be found by a competent Court as being unconstitutional means merely that it does not have to be obeyed by citizens. In the Bihar case, the Supreme Court found this consequence irrelevant because new elections were already in process, the result of which would come from the most authentic democratic voice possible, namely, the same people who elect the House of the People in the first place. India’s Executive has been found to have committed a constitutional misdemeanour, for which it needed to apologise to the Court and Parliament (who are its constitutional co-equals) and then ask the latter to renew its confidence — in which event, life goes on. If confidence was not renewed, the Government would fall and a new Government would have to be formed. But we do not have yet the idea of a backbench revolt —mainly because all the front benches themselves have tended to be in such confusion and disarray with regard to parliamentary traditions, processes and functions.

The Supreme Court as the ultimate protector of the Constitution would be well within its prerogative to oversee whether a Parliamentary Speaker has acted appropriately. Consider a hypothetical case. Once elected, a Speaker is supposed to have no party-affiliation ever more for the rest of his/her life. Suppose, hypothetically, a controlled experiment found a Speaker systematically biased in favour of his/her own former party-members and against their opponents. Where but the Courts could such arbitrariness be effectively remonstrated against? Even if the incumbent Speaker impossibly imagines himself the personal embodiment of the Legislative Branch, he is not beyond the Constitution and therefore not beyond India’s Separation of Powers’ Doctrine.

The Opposition had alleged that the Speaker failed to follow procedure which required the culprits in the expulsion case be referred to the Privileges Committee. But beyond that the Opposition was too confused and guilt-ridden to pursue the matter during the dying moments of Parliament’s Winter Session. In the clear light of day, the issue has now ended up in the Courts. If the Supreme Court eventually rules the Speaker had in fact failed to follow Parliament’s own procedures (and hence breached Constitutional practices), the Speaker would need to apologise to the Courts and the House that elected him, and perhaps offer to fall on his sword.

Finally, for the “National Advisory Council”, a wholly unelected body, to demand a say for itself over spending Rs. 100 billion in State and Union Government budget-making, would be another constitutional misdemeanour — unless its members are merely on the personal staff of the Hon’ble Member representing Rae Bareili, who may of course introduce whatever legislation on money-bills that any other Lok Sabha Member may do.

The Dream Team: A Critique (2006)

The Dream Team: A Critique

by Subroto Roy

First published in The Statesman and The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page Special Article, January 6,7,8, 2006

(Author’s Note: Within a few weeks of this article appearing, the Dream Team’s leaders appointed the so-called Tarapore 2 committee to look into convertibility — which ended up recommending what I have since called the “false convertibility” the RBI is presently engaged in. This article may be most profitably read along with other work republished here: “Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform”, “Three Memoranda to Rajiv Gandhi”, “”Indian Money & Banking”, “Indian Money & Credit” , “India’s Macroeconomics”, “Fiscal Instability”, “Fallacious Finance”, “India’s Trade and Payments”, “Our Policy Process”, “Against Quackery”, “Indian Inflation”, etc)

 

 

 1. New Delhi’s Consensus: Manmohantekidambaromics

Dr Manmohan Singh has spoken of how pleasantly surprised he was to be made Finance Minister in July 1991 by PV Narasimha Rao. Dr Singh was an academic before becoming a government economic official in the late 1960s, rising to the high office of Reserve Bank Governor in the 1980s. Mr Montek Singh Ahluwalia now refers to him as “my boss” and had been his Finance Secretary earlier. Mr Ahluwalia was a notable official in the MacNamara World Bank before being inducted a senior government official in 1984. Mr P Chidambaram was PVNR’s Commerce Minister, and later became Finance Minister in the Deve Gowda and Gujral Governments. Mr Chidamabaram is a Supreme Court advocate with an MBA from Harvard’s Business School. During 1998-2004, Dr Singh and Mr Chidambaram were in Opposition but Mr Ahluwalia was Member-Secretary of the Vajpayee Planning Commission. Since coming together again in Sonia Gandhi’s United Progressive Alliance, they have been flatteringly named the “Dream Team” by India’s pink business newspapers, a term originally referring to some top American basketball players.

Based on pronouncements, publications and positions held, other members or associates of the “Dream Team” include Reserve Bank Governor Dr YV Reddy; his predecessor Dr Bimal Jalan; former PMO official Mr NK Singh, IAS; Chief Economic Advisers Dr Shankar Acharya and Dr Ashok Lahiri; RBI Deputy Governor Dr Rakesh Mohan; and others like Dr Arvind Virmani, Dr Isher Ahluwalia, Dr Parthasarathi Shome, Dr Vijay Khelkar, Dr Ashok Desai, Dr Suman Bery, Dr Surjit Bhalla, Dr Amaresh Bagchi, Dr Govind Rao. Honorary members include Mr Jaswant Singh, Mr Yashwant Sinha, Mr KC Pant and Dr Arun Shourie, all economic ministers during the Vajpayee premiership. Institutional members include industry chambers like CII and FICCI representing “Big Business”, and unionised “Big Labour” represented by the CPI, CPI(M) and prominent academics of JNU. Mr Mani Shankar Aiyar joins the Dream Team with his opinion that a gas pipeline is “necessary for the eradication of poverty in India”. Mr Jairam Ramesh explicitly claimed authoring the 1991 reform with Mr Pranab Mukherjee and both must be members (indeed the latter as Finance Minister once had been Dr Singh’s boss). Dr Arjun Sengupta has claimed Indira Gandhi started the reforms, and he may be a member too. External members include Dr Jagdish Bhagwati, Dr. TN Srinivasan, Dr Meghnad Desai, Dr Vijay Joshi, Mr Ian Little, Dr Anne O. Krueger, Dr John Williamson, IMF Head Dr R Rato, and many foreign bank analysts who deal in Bombay’s markets. Harvard’s Dr Larry Summers joins with his statement while US Treasury Secretary in January 2000 that a 10% economic growth rate for India was feasible. His Harvard colleague Dr Amartya Sen — through disciples like Dr Jean Dreze (adviser to Sonia Gandhi on rural employment) — must be an ex officio member; as an old friend, the Prime Minister launched Dr Sen’s recent book while the latter has marked Dr Singh at 80% as PM. Media associates of the Dream Team include editors like Mr Aroon Purie, Mr Vinod Mehta, Dr Prannoy Roy, Mr TN Ninan, Mr Vir Sanghvi and Mr Shekhar Gupta, as well as the giddy young anchors of what passes for news and financial analysis on cable TV.

This illustrious set of politicians, government officials, economists, journalists and many others have come to define what may be called the “New Delhi Consensus” on contemporary India’s economic policy. While it is unnecessary everyone agree to the same extent on every aspect — indeed on economic policy the differences between the Sonia UPA and Vajpayee NDA have had to do with emphasis on different aspects, each side urging “consensus” upon the other — the main factual and evaluative claims and policy-prescriptions of the New Delhi Consensus may be summarised as follows:

A: “The Narasimha Rao Government in July 1991 found India facing a grave balance of payments crisis with foreign exchange reserves being very low.”

B: “A major cause was the 1990-1991 Gulf War, in its impact as an exogenous shock on Indian migrant workers and oil prices.”

C: “The Dream Team averted a macroeconomic crisis through “structural adjustment” carried out with help of the IMF and World Bank; hence too, India was unaffected by the 1997 ‘Asian crisis'”.

D: “The PVNR, Deve Gowda, Gujral and Vajpayee Governments removed the notorious license-quota-permit Raj.”

E: “India’s measurable real economic growth per capita has been raised from 3% or lower to 7% or more.”

F: “Foreign direct investment has been, relative to earlier times, flooding into India, attracted by lower wages and rents, especially in new industries using information technology.”

G: “Foreign financial investment has been flooding into India too, attracted by India’s increasingly liberalised capital markets, especially a liberalised current account of the balance of payments.”

H: “The apparent boom in Bombay’s stock market and relatively large foreign exchange reserves bear witness to the confidence foreign and domestic investors place in India’s prospects.”

I: “The critical constraint to India’s future prosperity is its “infrastructure” which is far below what foreign investors are used to in other countries elsewhere in Asia.”

J: “It follows that massive, indeed gargantuan, investments in highways, ports, airports, aircraft, city-flyovers, housing-estates, power-projects, energy exploration, gas pipelines, etc, out of government and private resources, domestic and foreign, is necessary to remove remaining “bottlenecks” to further prosperity for India’s masses, and these physical constructions will cause India’s economy to finally ‘take off’.”

K: “India’s savings rate (like China’s) is exceptionally high as is observable from vast expansion of bank-deposits, and these high (presumed) savings, along with foreign savings, will absorb the gargantuan investment in “infrastructure” without inflation.”

L: “Before the gargantuan macroeconomic investments bear the fruits of prosperity, equally large direct transfer payments also must be made from the Government to prevent mass hunger and/or raise nominal incomes across rural India, while existing input or other subsidies to producers, especially farmers, also must continue.”

M: “While private sector participants may increasingly compete via imports or as new entrants in industries where the public sector has been dominant, no bankruptcy or privatisation must be allowed to occur or be seen to occur which does not provide public sector workers and officials with golden parachutes.”

Overall, the New Delhi Consensus paints a picture of India’s economy on an immensely productive trajectory as led by Government partnered by Big Business and Big Labour, with the English-speaking intellectuals of the Dream Team in the vanguard as they fly between exotic conferences and international commercial deals. An endless flow of foreign businessmen and politicians streaming through Bangalore, Hyderabad, five-star hotels or photo-opportunities with the PM, followed by official visits abroad to sign big-ticket purchases like arms or aircraft, reinforce an impression that all is fine economically, and modern India is on the move. Previously rare foreign products have become commonplace in India’s markets, streets and television-channels, and a new materialist spirit, supposedly of capitalism, is captured by the smug slogan yeh dil mange more (this heart craves more) as well as the more plaintive cry pardesi jana nahin, mujhe chhorke (foreigner, please don’t leave me).

 

 

2. Money, Convertibility, Inflationary Deficit Financing

India’s Rupee became inconvertible in 1942 when the British imposed exchange controls over the Sterling-Area. After 1947 independent India and Pakistan, in name of “planned” economic development, greatly widened this war-time regime – despite the fact they were at war now only with one another over Jammu & Kashmir and, oddly enough, formed an economic union until 1951 with their currencies remaining freely convertible with each other.

On May 29 1984, the present author’s Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India proposed in London that the Indian Rupee become a convertible hard currency again — the first time liberal economics had been suggested for India since BR Shenoy’s critique of the Second Five Year Plan (a fact attracting an editorial of The Times). The simple litmus test whether believers in the New Delhi Consensus have or have not the courage of their stated convictions – i.e., whether what they have been saying is, in its empirical fundamentals, more signal or noise, more reality or rhetorical propaganda – would be to carry through that proposal made 21 years ago. The Dream Team have had more than enough political power to undertake this, and it remains the one measure necessary for them to demonstrate to India’s people and the world that the exuberant confidence they have been promoting in their model of India’s economy and its prospects is not spurious.

What does convertibility entail?  For a decade now, India has had limited ease of availability of foreign exchange for traders, students and tourists. Indeed some senior Government monetary economists believe there is convertibility already except forex dealers are being allowed “one-way” and not “two-way” quotes! That is wrong. The Government since 1942 has requisitioned at the border all foreign exchange earned by exporters or received as loans or investment — allocating these first to pay interest and amortisation on the country’s foreign debt, then to make its own weapons and other purchases abroad, then to release by ration what remains to private traders, students, tourists et al. Current account liberalisation has meant the last of these categories has been relaxed, especially by removal of some import quotas. What a convertible Rupee would mean is far more profound. It would allow any citizen to hold and save an Indian money that was exchangeable freely (i.e. without Government hindrance) into moneys of other countries. Full convertibility would mean all the paper money, bank deposits and rupee-denominated nominal assets held by ordinary people in India becomes, overnight, exchangeable without hindrance into dollars, yens, pounds or euros held anywhere (although not of course at the “one-way” rates quoted today).

Now money is a most peculiar human institution. Paper money is intrinsically worthless but all of India’s 1,000 million people (from street children onwards) have need to hold it temporarily to expedite their individual transactions of buying and selling real goods and services. Money also acts as a repository of value over time and unit of account or measure of economic value. While demand to hold such intrinsically worthless paper is universal, its supply is a Government monopoly. Because Government accepts obligations owed to it in terms of the fiat money it has itself issued, the otherwise worthless paper comes to possess value in exchange. Because Government controls its supply, money also can be abused easily enough as a technique of invisible taxation via inflation.

With convertibility in India, the quantity of currency and other paper assets like public debt instruments representing fiscal decisions of India’s Union and State Governments, will have to start to compete with those produced by other governments. Just as India’s long-jumpers and tennis-players must compete with the world’s best if they are to establish and sustain their athletic reputations, so India’s fiscal and monetary decisions (i.e. about government spending and revenues, interest-rates and money supply growth) will have to start competing in the world’s financial markets with those of the EU, USA, Japan, Switzerland, ASEAN etc.

The average family in rural Madhya Pradesh who may wish, for whatever personal reason, to liquidate rupee-denominated assets and buy instead Canadian, Swiss or Japanese Government debt, or mutual fund shares in New York, Frankfurt or Singapore, would not be hindered by India’s Government from doing so. They would become as free as the swankiest NRI jet-setters have been for years (like many members of the New Delhi Consensus and their grown children abroad).  Scores of millions of ordinary Indians unconnected with Big Business or Big Labour, neither among the 18 million people in government nor the 12 million in the organised private sector, would become free to hold any portfolio of assets they chose in global markets (small as any given individual portfolio may be in value). Like all those glamorous NRIs, every Indian would be able to hold dollar or Swiss Franc deposit accounts at the local neighbourhood bank. Hawala operators worldwide would become redundant. Ordinary citizens could choose to hold foreign shares, real-estate or travellers’ cheques as assets just as they now choose jewellery before a wedding. The Indian Rupee, after more than 65 years, would once again become as good as all the proverbial gold in Fort Knox.

When added up, the new demand of India’s anonymous masses to hold foreign rather than Rupee-denominated assets will certainly make the Rupee decline in price in world markets. But — if the implicit model of India’s economy promoted by the Dream Team is based on correctly ascertained empirical facts — foreign and domestic investor confidence should suffice for countervailing tendencies to keep India’s financial and banking system stable under convertibility. Not only would India’s people be able to use and save a currency of integrity, the allocation of real resources would also improve in efficiency as distortions would be reduced in the signalling function of domestic relative prices compared to world relative prices. An honest Rupee freely priced in world markets at, say, 90 per dollar, would cause very different real microeconomic decisions of Government and private producers and consumers (e.g., with respect to weapons’ purchases or domestic transportation, given petroleum and jet fuel imports) than a semi-artificial Rupee at 45 per dollar which forcibly an inconvertible asset in global markets. A fully convertible Rupee will cause economic and political decisions in the country more consistent with word realities.

Why the Rupee is not going to be made convertible in the foreseeable future – or why, in India’s present fiscal circumstances if it was, it would be imprudent to do so – is because, contrary to the immense optimism promoted by the Dream Team about their own deeds since 1991, they have in fact been causing India’s monetary economy to skate on the thinnest of thin ice. Put another way, a house of cards has been constructed whose cornerstone constitutes that most unscientific anti-economic of assumptions, the “free lunch”: that something can be had for nothing, that real growth in average consumption levels of the masses of ordinary households of rural and urban India can meaningfully come about by nominal paper-money creation accompanied by verbal exhortation, hocus-pocus or abracadabra from policy-makers and their friends in Big Business, Big Labour and the media. (Lest half-remembered inanities about “orthodox economics” come to be mouthed, Maynard Keynes’s 1936 book was about specific circumstances in Western economies during the Depression and it is unwise to extend its presumptions to unintended situations.)

 

 

3. Rajiv Gandhi and Perestroika Project

On 25 May 2002, India’s newspapers reported “PV Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh lost their place in Congress history as architects of economic reforms as the Congress High Command sponsored an amendment to a resolution that had laid credit at the duo’s door. The motion was moved by…. Digvijay Singh asserting that the reforms were a brainchild of the late Rajiv Gandhi and that the Rao-Singh combine had simply nudged the process forward.”

Now Rajiv Gandhi was an airline-pilot and knew no economics. But the origins of the 1991 reform did come about because of an encounter he had, as Opposition Leader and Congress President from September 1990 onwards, with a “perestroika” project for India’s political economy occurring at an American university since 1986 (viz., The Statesman Editorial Page July 31-August 2 1991, now republished here; Freedom First October 2001). In being less than candid in acknowledging the origins of the reform, the Dream Team may have failed to describe accurately the main symptoms of illness that afflicted India before 1991, and have consequently failed to diagnose and prescribe for it correctly ever since.

The Government of India, like many others, has been sorely tempted to finance its extravagant expenditures by abusing its monopoly over paper-money creation. The British taught us how to do this, and in 1941-43 caused the highest inflation rates ever seen in India as a result. Fig. 1 shows this, and also that real growth in India follows as expected the trend-rate of technological progress (having little to do with government policy). Independent India has continually financed budget- deficits by money creation in a process similar to what the British and Americans did in wartime. This became most conspicuous after Indira Gandhi’s bank and insurance nationalisations of 1969-1970. Indeed, among current policy-makers, Pranab Mukherjee, Manmohan Singh, Arjun Sengupta, Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Bimal Jalan, NK Singh, Amaresh Bagchi and Shankar Acharya, were among those governing such macroeconomic processes before 1991 — albeit in absence of the equations that illustrate their nature. Why the Rupee cannot be made an honest, internationally convertible, stable money held with confidence by all Indians today, is because the Dream Team have continued with the same macroeconomics ever since. The personal and political ambitions of the tiniest super-elite that the New Delhi Consensus represent (both personal and political) have depended precisely on gargantuan unending deficit-financing backed by unlimited printing of paper-money, and hence the continuing destruction of the integrity of India’s banking system. A convertible Rupee would allow India’s ordinary people to choose to hold other stores of value available in the world today, like gold or monies issued by foreign governments, and thus force an end to such processes.

Two recent articles in The Statesman (Perspective Page 30 October 2005, Front Page 29 November 2005) outlined India’s financial repression and negative real interest rates (which suffice to explain the present stock market boom the way athletes perform better on steroids), and also how deficits get financed by money creation accompanied by wishful projections of economic growth in an upside down imitation of how macroeconomic policy gets done in the West.

“Narrow Money” consists mostly of hand-to-hand currency. “Broad Money” consists of Narrow Money plus bank-deposits. Modern banking is built on “fractional reserves”, i.e. a system of trust where your bank does not literally hold onto deposits you place there but lends these out again – which causes further deposit expansion because no individual banker can tell whether a new deposit received by it is being caused by the depositor having himself borrowed. As a general rule, bank lending causes further deposit expansion. Why India’s (and China’s) bank deposits have been expanding is not because Indians (or Chinese) are superhuman savers of financial assets in banks but because the Government of India (and China) has for decades compelled (the mostly nationalised) banks to hold vast sums of Government debt on the asset side of their balance-sheets. Thus there has been humongous lending by the banking system to pay for Government expenditures. The Dream Team’s macroeconomics relies entirely on this kind of unending recourse to deficit finance and money creation, causing dry rot to set into banks’ balance sheets (Figs. 2,3, 4).   If the Rupee became convertible, those vast holdings of Government debt by banks would become valued at world prices. The crucial question would be how heavily New York, London and Hong Kong financial markets discounted Indian sovereign debt. If upon convertibility, the asset sides of domestic Indian banks get discounted very heavily by world financial markets, their insolvency upon being valued at international prices could trigger catastrophic repercussions throughout India’s economy. Hence the Rupee cannot be made convertible — and all our present inefficiencies and inequities will continue for ever with New Delhi’s rhetorical propaganda alongside. The capital flight of 10 out of 1000 million Indians will continue, leaving everyone else with the internal and foreign public debts to pay.

 

 

4. A Different Strategy had Rajiv Not Been Assassinated

Had Rajiv Gandhi not been assassinated and the perestroika project allowed to take its course, a different strategy would have been chosen. Honest money first demands honest Government and political leadership. It would at the outset have been recognised by Government (and through Government by all India’s people) that the asset-liability, income-expenditure and cash-flow positions of every public entity in the country without exception — of the Union Government, every State and local Government, every public undertaking and project – is abysmal.  Due to entanglement with government financial loans, labour regulations, subsidies, price controls, protection and favouritism, the same holds for the financial positions of vast numbers of firms in the organised private sector. Superimpose on this dismal scene, the bleak situation of the Rule of Law in the country today – where Courts of Justice from highest to lowest suffer terrible abuse receiving pitiable amounts of public resources despite constituting a third and independent branch of India’s Government (while police forces, despite massive expenditure, remain incompetent, high-handed and brutal). What India has needed ever since 1991 is the Rule of Law, total transparency of public information, and the fiercest enforcement of rigorous accounting and audit standards in every government entity and public institution. It is only when budgets and financial positions become sound that ambitious goals can be achieved.

The Dream Team have instead made a fetish of physical construction of “infrastructure”, in some grandiose make-believe dreamworld which says the people of India wish the country to be a superpower. The Dream Team have failed to properly redefine for India’s masses the appropriate fiscal and monetary relationship between State and citizen – i.e. to demarcate public from private domains, and so enhance citizens’ sense of individual responsibility for their own futures, as well as explain and define what government and public institutions can and cannot do to help people’s lives. Grotesque corruption and inefficiency have thus continued to corrode practically all organs, institutions and undertakings of government. Corruption is the transmutation of publicly owned things into private property, while its mirror image, pollution, is the disposal of private wastes into the public domain. Both become vastly more prevalent where property rights between private and public domains remain ill demarcated. What belongs to the individual citizen and what to sovereign India –their rights and obligations to one another – remains fuzzy. Hence corruption and pollution run amuck. The irrational obsession with “infrastructure” is based on bad economics, and has led to profoundly wrong political and financial directions. The Rupee cannot be made an honest stable money because India’s fiscal and monetary situation remains not merely out of control but beyond New Delhi’s proper comprehension and grasp. If and when the Dream Team choose to wake up to India’s macroeconomic realities, a great deal of serious work will need to be done.

 

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Can India Become an Economic Superpower or Will There Be a Monetary Meltdown? (2005)

In 2005, I returned to Britain thanks to an invitation from Professor Patrick Minford of the Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, to deliver a lecture on India’s Money at his Economics Seminar. http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/carbs/research/seminars.html
“Wednesday 13 April 2005 Dr Subroto Roy /India’s Money/ 4.30pm, Room S01 (Economics Seminar Series)

The same lecture was delivered at the Institute of Economic Affairs, London, a fortnight later under the title “Can India Become an Economic Superpower or Will There Be a Monetary Meltdown?”. The IEA’s summary of the lecture was as follows
http://www.iea.org.uk/record.jsp?type=news&ID=263
27 April 2005

“Leading Indian economist, Dr. Subroto Roy discusses the prospects of the Indian economy and warns of dangers ahead.

Can India become an economic superpower or will there be a monetary meltdown?

Dr. Roy discussed the prospects for the Indian economy at a lecture at the IEA on 27th April. Below is a synopsis of his lecture, outlining his hopes and concerns.

New technological progress in a myriad of ways, as well as the discovery of new resources, plus a possible peace-dividend arising from reduced regional tensions and conflict, are all important factors contributing to real economic growth in India today.

While the real side of the economy does well, the “nominal” economy, within the Government’s control, displays disconcerting trends. Continual deficit financing for half a century has led to exponential growth of public debt and broad money. The vast growth of time-deposits in banks may have been misinterpreted as indicating a real phenomenon such as unusual savings behaviour when it is more likely to be a nominal phenomenon resulting from increasing amounts of government debt being held by the largely nationalised banking sector. (The same may be true of China).

Twenty-one years ago, the author’s IEA Occasional Paper No. 69, Pricing, planning and politics: a study of economic distortions in India, proposed microeconomic reforms provoking the Times‘ lead editorial of May 29 1984. Some of these came to be implemented following the author’s role as a senior adviser to Rajiv Gandhi in 1990-1991. Now, monetary and fiscal reforms of a classical liberal nature are vitally necessary if a macroeconomic meltdown is to be prevented. Important among these are complete budgetary transparency, fiscal discipline improving the social productivity of all public expenditure, and monetary and financial policies to restore the integrity of the currency at home and abroad. Dr. Roy was Wincott Professor at the Department of Economics at the University of Buckingham last year. He is editor of Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution available from the recommended books page of the IEA’s website.”

When I returned to India, I was invited to give the same lecture on May 5 2005 to the Reserve Bank of India’s Monetary Economics Seminar, chaired by Chief Economist Dr Narendra Jadav; the invitation came thanks to the intervention of Dr S. S. Tarapore. I subsequently informed a few of India’s key monetary policy decision-makers of these lectures, and I was happy to see policy talk emanating from Delhi and Bombay becoming a little less drunken and disorderly than it had been before.

Subroto Roy, April 14 2007

Science, Religion, Art & the Necessity of Freedom (2004)

Science, Religion, Art & the Necessity of Freedom: Reason’s Response to Islamism

by
Subroto Roy

PhD (Cantab.), BScEcon (London)

(A public lecture delivered as the Wincott Visiting Professor of Economics at the University of Buckingham on August 24 2004, based on a keynote address to the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats, Manila, November 16 2001.)

I am most grateful to the University of Buckingham for allowing me to refresh and carry forward my research these last several months. For some 25 years I have been learning of and reflecting upon the work of two great modern British philosophers, John Wisdom (1904-1993) and Renford Bambrough (1926-1999). In the 1980s in America, I came to apply their thinking in Philosophy of Economics (Routledge 1989), a book which got me into a lot of trouble there. Returning to Britain in 2004, I am dismayed to find their work almost forgotten or unknown today, even at the Ancient University that had been their home. “Orientalists” from the West once used to comprehend and highlight the achievements of the East for the peoples of the East who were unaware of them; I am happy to return the favour by becoming an “Occidentalist” in highlighting a little of the work of two of Britain’s finest sons of which she has become unaware. Wisdom and Bambrough played a kind of modern-day Plato and Aristotle to the Socrates played by Wittgenstein (1889-1951); the knowledge they achieved in their lives and have left behind for us to use and apply to our own problems make them, in terms of Eastern philosophy, rather like the “Boddhisatvas” of Mahayana Buddhism. I do not expect anyone to share such an extravagant view, and will be more than satisfied if I am able to suggest that we can have a grasp of the nature and scope of human reasoning thanks to their work which may help resolve the most intractable and seemingly irreconcilable of all current international problems, namely the grave cultural conflicts made apparent since September 11 2001.

2. The September 11 attacks aimed to cripple one of the world’s largest and most important countries in a new kind of act of war. The perpetrators apparently saw themselves — subjectively in their own minds — acting in the name of one of the world’s largest and most important religions. Since the attacks, the world has become an unusually bewildering place, as if notions of freedom, tolerance and the rule of law have been proven a lie overnight, as if virtues like patience, common reasoning and good humour have all become irrelevant, deserving to be flushed away in face of a resurgence of ancient savageries. The attackers and their friends taunt the West saying their love of death is greater and more powerful than the West’s love of life; the taunts and the counter-taunts of their powerful adversaries have had the effect of spraying panic, mutual fear, hatred or destruction across the surface of everyday life everywhere, so we now have bizarre scenes of people taking off their shoes and clothes and putting them on again while travelling, and of the British public being advised on how to cope with nerve gas attacks when they might have much rather been watching “reality TV” instead. An Age of Unreason appears upon us.

The very simple proposition I put forward here is this: there are, indeed there cannot be, any conflicts that are necessarily irresoluble. To put it differently, the logical scope of common reasoning is indefinite and limitless. There is no question to which there is not a right answer. If I was asked to answer in one sentence what has been the combined contribution to human thought of Wittgenstein, Wisdom and Bambrough, indeed of modern British philosophy as a whole, I would say it has been the proof that there are no unanswerable questions, that there is no question to which there is not a right answer.
By “common reasoning” I shall mean merely to refer to the structure of any conversation well-enough described by F. R. Leavis’s operators in literary criticism:

“This is so, isn’t it?,

Yes, but….”.

My “yes” to your “This is so, isn’t it?” indicates agreement with what you have said while my “but…” tells you I believe there may be something more to the matter, some further logical relation to be found, some further fact to be investigated or experiment carried out, some further reflection necessary and possible upon already known and agreed upon facts. It amounts to a new “This is so, isn’t it?” to which you may respond with your own, “Yes, but…”; and our argument would continue. Another set of operators is:

“You might as well say…”;

“Exactly so”;

“But this is different…”

This was how Wisdom encapsulated the “case-by-case” method of argument that he pioneered and practised. It requires intimate description of particular cases and marking of similarities and differences between them, yielding a powerful indefinitely productive method of objective reasoning, distinct from and logically prior to the usual methods of deduction and induction that exhaust the range of positivism. We are able to see how common reasoning may proceed in practice in subtle fields like law, psychology, politics, ethics, aesthetics and theology, just as objectively as it does in natural science and mathematics. Wittgenstein had spoken of our “craving for generality” and our “contemptuous attitude towards the particular case”. Wisdom formalised the epistemological priority of particular over general saying: “Examples are the final food of thought. Principles and laws may serve us well. They can help us to bring to bear on what is now in question what is not now in question. They help us to connect one thing with another and another and another. But at the bar of reason, always the final appeal is to cases.” And “Argument must be heard”.

In all conflicts – whether within a given science, between different sciences, between sciences and religion, within a given religion, between different religions, between sciences and arts, within the arts, between religion and the arts, between quarrelling nations, quarrelling neighbours or quarrelling spouses, whether in real relationships of actual life or hypothetical relationships of literature and drama – an approach of this kind tells us there is something further that may be said, some improvement that can be carried out, some further scope for investigation or experiment allowing discovery of new facts, some further reflection necessary or possible upon known facts. There are no conflicts that are necessarily irresoluble. Where the suicide-bombers and their powerful adversaries invite us to share their hasty and erroneous assumption that religious, political or economic cultures are becoming irreconcilable and doomed to be fights unto death, we may give to them instead John Wisdom’s “Argument must be heard.”

Parties to this or any conflict may in fact fail to find in themselves enough patience, tolerance, good humour, courage to take an argument where it leads, or they may fail to find enough of these qualities in adequate time, as Quesnay and the Physiocrats failed to find solutions in adequate time and were swept away by the French Revolution. But the failures of our practical human powers and capabilities do not signal that the logical boundaries of the scope of reason have been reached or even approached or come to be sighted.

3. The current conflict is said to be rooted in differences between religious cultures. We may however wish to first address whether any religious belief or practice can survive the devastating onslaught of natural science, the common modern adversary of all religions. What constitutes a living organism? What is the difference between plants and animals? What is the structure of a benzene ring or carbon atom or subatomic particle? What is light? Sound? Gravity? What can be said about black holes or white dwarfs? When did life begin here and when is it likely to end? Are we alone in being the only form of self-conscious life? Such questions about the world and Universe and our place in it have been asked and answered in their own way by all peoples of the world, from primitive tribes in hidden forests to sophisticated rocket scientists in hidden laboratories. Our best common understanding of them constitutes the state of scientific knowledge at a given time. Once we have accounted for all that modern science has to say, can any reasonable explanation or justification remain to be given of any religious belief or practice from any time or place?

Bambrough constructed this example. Suppose we are walking on the shore of a stormy sea along with Homer, the ancient Greek poet, who has been restored to us thanks to a time machine. We are walking along when Homer looks at the rough sea and says, “Poseidon is angry today”. We look at the waves loudly hitting the rocks and nod in agreement saying, “Yes, Poseidon is angry today”. We may be using the same words as Homer but Homer’s understanding of and expectations about the words “Poseidon is angry today” and our understanding of and expectations about the same words would be utterly different, a difference moreover we are able to understand but he may not. To us with our modern meteorology and oceanography, and the results of the television cameras of Jacques Cousteau and David Attenborough, we know for a fact there is no god-like supernatural being called Poseidon living within the ocean whose moods affect the waves. But to Homer, Poseidon not only exists in the ocean but also leaves footprints and descendants on the land, when Poseidon is angry the sea is vicious, when Poseidon is calm the seas are peaceful. We use the words “Poseidon is angry today” as an accurate description of the mood of an angry sea; Homer uses the same words to mean there was a god-like supernatural being inside the ocean whose anger was being reflected in the anger of the waves.

My second story is from 7th century AD located here in Buckingham, from a spot a few hundred yards behind the Economics Department of the University where there is St Rumbwald’s Well. In 650 AD — just a short while after The Recital of the Prophet of Islam (570-632AD) had been written down as The Q’uran, and just a little while before the Chinese pilgrim I-Ching (635-713AD) would be travelling through India recording his observations about Buddhism – here 12 miles from Buckingham was born the babe known as Rumwold or Rumbwald. England was hardly Christian at the time and the first Archbishop of Canterbury had been recently sent by the Pope to convert the Anglo-Saxons. Rumbwald’s father was a pagan prince of Northumbria; his mother the Christian daughter of the King of Mercia. St Rumbwald of Buckingham or Brackley is today the patron saint of fishermen at Folkestone, and he has been historically revered at monasteries in Mercia, Wessex and distant Sweden. Churches have been dedicated to him in Kent,Essex, Northamptonshire, Lincolnshire, Dorset and North Yorkshire. Pilgrims have washed themselves at St Rumwald’s Well over centuries and it is said Buckingham’s inns originated in catering to them. What is the legend of St Rumbwald? It is that on the day he was born he declared three times in a loud voice the words “I am a Christian, I am a Christian, I am a Christian”. After he had been baptised, he, on the second day of his life, was able to preach a sermon on the Trinity and the need for virtuous living, and foretold his imminent death, saying where he wished to be buried. On the third day of his life he died and was buried accordingly.

When we hear this story today, we might smile, wishing newborn babes we have known waking up in the middle of the night might be more coherent too. Professor John Clarke has shown Catholic hagiography over the centuries has also registered deep doubts about the Rumbwald story. We might be tempted to say the whole thing is complete nonsense. If a modern person took it at face value, we would look on it sympathetically. We know for a fact it is impossible, untrue, there has to be some error.

At the bar of reason, all religions lose to science where they try to compete on science’s home grounds, which are the natural or physical world. If a religious belief requires that a material object can be in two places at the same time, that something can be made out of nothing, that the Sun and planets go around the Earth to make Night and Day, that the Earth is flat and the sky is a ceiling which may be made to fall down upon it by Heavenly Wrath, that the rains will be on time if you offer a prayer or a sacrifice, it is destined to be falsified by experience. Natural science has done a lot of its work in the last few centuries; all the major religions pre-date this expansion so their physical premises may have remained those of the science understood in their time. In all questions where religions try to take on scientific understanding head on, they do and must lose, and numerous factual claims made by all religions will disappear in the fierce and unforgiving heat of the crucible of scientific reasoning and evidence.Yet even a slight alteration of the St Rumbwald story can make it plausible to modern ears. Just the other day Radio 4 had a programme on child prodigies who were able to speak words and begin to master language at age of one or two. It is not impossible a child prodigy of the 7th Century AD in his first or second year of life spoke the words “I’m a Christian”, or that as a toddler with a devout Christian mother, he said something or other about the Holy Trinity or about virtue or that he wished to be buried in such and such place even if he had had no real understanding of what he was talking about. If such a prodigious infant of royal blood then died from illness, we can imagine the grief of those around him, and how word about him might spread through a countryside in an era 1200 years before the discovery of electricity and invention of telecommunications, and for that information to become garbled enough to form the basis of the legend of St Rumbwald through the centuries.

The Rumbwald story is a typical religious story that has its parallels in other times and places including our own. It is impossible for it to have been factually true in the way it has come down to us, but it is completely possible for us with our better knowledge of facts and science today to reasonably explain its power over the beliefs of many generations of people. And if we are able to reasonably explain why people of a given time and place may have believed or practised what they did, we have not reason to be disdainful or scornful of them. The mere fact such religious stories, beliefs, experiences and practices of human beings over several thousand years across the globe have been expressed in widely different and far from well-translated or well-understood languages – Egyptian, Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, Latin, Sanskrit, Pali, Tibetan, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Hawaiian, Samoan, Apache, Kwa Zulu, Hausa, Swahili – let aside English, Arabic, Yiddish or a thousand others, provides more than ample explanation of how miscomprehension and misapprehension can arise and continue, of how a vast amount of mutual contempt and scorn between peoples of different cultures is able to be irrationally sustained. The scope for the reasonable “demythologisation” of all these stories in all these languages from all these religions, in the way we have sought to “demythologise” the Rumbwald story here obviously remains immense and indefinite.

Next consider religious practice in the modern world, and the universal act of praying. (Economists have not seemed to look much at this before though a lot of mankind’s energy and resources are rationally spent towards it every day across the world.) Some weeks ago, on the 60th Anniversary of D-Day, Lady Soames, the daughter of Churchill, recalled the incredible fear and tension and uncertainty felt during the buildup to the invasion of Normandy; she said that when she finally heard the roar of the aeroplanes as they started across the English Channel: “I fell to my knees and prayed as I’d never prayed before or since” (BBC 1 June 6 2004, 8.40 am). A policeman’s wife in Costa Rica in Central America is shown making the sign of the cross upon her husband before he goes to work in the morning into a crime-ridden area from which he might not return safely at the end of the day. Footballers and boxers and opening batsmen around the world say a prayer before entering the field of contest. So do stockbrokers, foreign exchange dealers, businessmen, job-candidates and students taking examinations, and of course hospital-patients entering operating theatres. Before a penalty shootout between England and Portugal or Holland and Sweden, many thousands of logically contradictory prayers went up.

All this praying is done without a second thought about the ultimate ontological character of the destination of such prayers, or even whether such a destination happens or happens not to exist at all. The universal ubiquitous act of praying might be a rational human response to fear, uncertainty, hopelessness, and despair, as also to unexpected joy or excessive happiness.

Blake said: “Excess of joy, weeps, Excess of sorrow, laughs”. When there is excess of sorrow or excess of joy, praying may contribute mental resources like courage, tranquillity and equanimity and so tend to restore emotional equilibrium in face of sudden trauma or excitement. A provisional conclusion we may then register is that religious beliefs and practices of people around the world are open to be reasonably comprehended and explained in these sorts of straightforward ways, and at the same time there is a good sense in which progress in religious understanding is possible and necessary to be made following growth and improvement of our factual understanding of the world and Universe in which we live.

We still speak of the Sun “rising in the East” and “setting in the West” despite knowing since Copernicus and Galileo and the testimony of Yuri Gagarin, John Glenn and Neil Armstrong that the Sun has in fact never done any such thing. Our understanding of the same words has changed fundamentally. Tycho Brahe thought the Sun went around Earth; his disciple Kepler the opposite; when Tycho Brahe looked East at dawn he understood something different from (and inferior to) what Kepler understood when Kepler looked East at dawn. It is similar to Homer and us with respect to whether Poseidon’s moods affect the waves of the sea. Examples of traditional religious belief and understanding may get modified by our scientific knowledge and understanding such that the same words may mean something quite different as a result and have a new significance for our consciousness.

Indeed it extends well beyond natural science to our understanding of literature, art and psychology as well. With the knowledge we have gained of ourselves — of our conscious waking minds as well as of our unconscious dreaming minds — after we have read and tried to grasp Blake, Goethe, Dostoevsky or Freud, we may quite well realise and comprehend how the thoughts and feelings residing in the constitutions of actual beings, including ourselves, are more than enough to describe and explain good and evil, and without having to refer to any beings outside ourselves residing elsewhere other than Earth. It is like the kind of progress we make in our personal religious beliefs from what we had first learned in childhood. We do not expect a person after he or she has experienced the ups and downs of adult life to keep to exactly the same religious beliefs and practises he or she had as a child at mother’s knee, and we do not expect mankind to have the same religious beliefs today as it did in its early history.

Bambrough concluded: “There is no incompatibility between a refurbished demythologised Homeric polytheism, a refurbished demythologised Christianity, and a refurbished demythologised Islam…. The Creation and the Resurrection, the Ascension and the Virgin Birth…may be very differently conceived without being differently expressed….we can still learn from the plays and poems of the ancient Greeks, although we reject the basis of the mythological structure through which they express their insight and their understanding. The myths continue to teach us something because they are attached to, and grounded in, an experience that we share. It would therefore be astonishing if the Christian religion, whether when considered as a united and comprehensive body of doctrine it is true or false, did not contain much knowledge and truth, much understanding and insight, that remain valuable and accessible even to those who reject its doctrinal foundations. In and through Christianity the thinkers and writers and painters and moralists of two thousand years have struggled to make sense of life and the world and men…. What is more, the life that they wrestled with is our life; the world they have portrayed is the world that we live in; the men that they were striving to understand are ourselves.”

Bambrough was addressing Church of England clergy forty years ago but in his reference to a refurbished demythologised Islam he might as well have been addressing Muslim clergy today — indeed his findings are quite general and apply to other theists as well as to atheists, and provide an objective basis for the justification of tolerance.

Judaism, Christianity and Islam each starts with a “religious singularity”, a single alleged moment in the history of human beings when a transcendental encounter is believed to have occurred: the Exodus of God’s Chosen People led by Moses; the Birth, Life, Death and Resurrection of God’s Only Son, Jesus Christ; the Revelation of God’s Book to His Messenger, Muhammad, Peace Be Unto Him, the Seal of the Prophets. Each speaks of a transcendental Creator, of just rewards and punishments awaiting us in a transcendental eternal life after mortal earthly death.

A different fork in the road says, however, that the wind blowing in the trees may be merely the wind blowing in the trees, nothing more; it is the path taken by Buddhism and Jainism, which deny the existence of any Creator who is to be owed our belief or reverence. It is also the path taken by Sigmund Freud the ultra-scientific rationalist of modern times: “It seems not to be true that there is a power in the universe, which watches over the well-being of every individual with parental care and brings all his concerns to a happy ending…. it is by no means the rule that virtue is rewarded and wickedness punished, but it happens often enough that the violent, the crafty and the unprincipled seize the desirable goods of the earth, while the pious go empty away. Dark, unfeeling and unloving powers determine human destiny; the system of rewards and punishments, which, according to religion, governs the world, seems to have no existence.”

We then seem to have a choice between a Universe Created or Uncreated, Something and Nothing, One and Zero, God and No God. Pascal said we have to bet on the Something not on the Nothing, bet on the One not on the Zero, bet on God being there rather than not being there. Pascal’s reasoning was clear and forms the basis of “decision theory” today: if you bet on God’s existence and God does not exist, you lose nothing; if you bet on God’s lack of existence and God exists, you’ve had it. The philosophies of my own country, India, speak of Zero and One, Nothing or Something, and almost leave it at that. Perhaps we know, or perhaps we do not says the Rg Veda’s Hymn of Creation.. Does our self-knowledge end with our mortal death or perhaps begin with it? Or perhaps just as there is an infinite continuum of numbers between 0 and 1, there is also an infinite continuum of steps on a staircase between a belief in Nothing and a belief in Something, between the atheism of Freud and the Buddhists and the theism of Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Generalising Bambrough’s findings, it would be surprising if we did not find each and every religion, whether theistic or atheistic, to contain some knowledge and truth, some understanding and insight, that remains valuable and accessible even to those who may otherwise reject the doctrinal foundations of any or all of them. In and through the religions, the thinkers, writers, painters, poets, sculptors and artists of thousands of years have struggled to make sense of our life and the world that we live in; the men and women they were striving to understand are ourselves.

4. Just after the September 11 attacks, I said in the Philippines that the perpetrators of the attacks would have been surprised to know of the respect with which the religious experience of the Prophet of Islam had been treated by the 19th Century British historian Thomas Carlyle: “The great Mystery of Existence… glared in upon (Mohammad), with its terrors, with its splendours; no hearsays could hide that unspeakable fact, ‘Here am I!’. Such sincerity… has in very truth something of divine. The word of such a man is a Voice direct from Nature’s own Heart. Men do and must listen to that as nothing else; all else is wind in comparison.” Carlyle told stories of Mohammad once not abiding by his own severe faith when he wept for an early disciple saying “You see a friend weeping over his friend”; and of how, when the young beautiful Ayesha tried to make him compare her favourably to his deceased wife and first disciple the widow Khadija, he had denied her: “She believed in me when none else would believe. In the whole world I had but one friend and she was that!” Carlyle’s choice of stories suggested the simple humanity and humility of Mohammad’s life and example, even an intersection between Islamic belief and modern science (”a Voice direct from Nature’s own Heart”). Carlyle quoted Goethe: “If this be Islam, do we not all live in Islam?”, suggesting there might be something of universal import in the message well beyond specifically Muslim ontological beliefs.

In general, the words and deeds of a spiritual leader of mankind like that of secular or scientific leaders like Darwin, Einstein, Aristotle, Adam Smith or Karl Marx, may be laid claim to by all of us whether we are explicit adherents, disciples or admirers or not. No private property rights attach upon their legacies, rather these remain open to be discussed freely and reasonably by everyone. Just as war is too important to be left to the generals, politics is too important to be left to the politicians, economics is definitely too important to be left to the economists; even science may be too important to be left to the scientists — certainly also, the religions are far too important to be left to the religious.

Yet Mr Osama Bin Laden and his friends, followers and potential followers, indeed any believing Muslims, are unlikely to be impressed with any amount of “external” praise heaped on Islam by a Carlyle or a Goethe, let aside by a President Bush or Prime Minister Blair. They may be wary of outsiders who bring so much praise of Islam, and will tell them instead “If you like Islam as much as you say you do, why not convert? It’s so easy. You have merely to say ‘God is One and Mohammad is the Seal of the Prophets’ – that’s all, you are Muslim, God is Great”.

Indeed Mr Bin Laden and friends are unlikely to be impressed with any kind of economic or carrot-and-stick policy of counter-terrorism, where incentives and disincentives are created by Western authorities like the US 9/11 Commission or the Blair Cabinet telling them: “If you are ‘moderate’ in your thoughts, words and deed you will earn this, this and this as rewards from the Government, but if you are ‘extremist’ in your thoughts, words and deeds then you shall receive that, that and that as penalties from the Government. These are your carrots and here is the stick.” It is Skinnerian behavioural psychology gone overboard. The incentives mean nothing, and the disincentives, well, they would merely have to be more careful not to end up in the modern Gulags.

We could turn from carrot-and-stick to a more sophisticated mode of negative rhetoric instead. If a doctrine C, declares itself to be resting upon prior doctrines B and A, then C’s reliability and soundness comes to depend on the reliability and soundness of B and A. If Islam declares itself to depend on references to a historical Moses or a historical Jesus, and if the last word has not been spoken by Jews, Christians, sceptics or others about the historical Moses or the historical Jesus, then the last word cannot have been spoken about something on which Islam declares itself to depend.

We can be more forceful too. Suicide-bombers combine the most sordid common crimes of theft and murder with the rare act of suicide as political protest. Suicide as political protest is a dignified and noble and awesome thing – many may remember the awful dignity in the sight of the Buddhist monks and nuns of South Vietnam immolating themselves in 1963 in protest against religious persecution by Diem’s Catholic regime, which led to the start of the American war in Vietnam. Six years and half a world away, Jan Palach, on January 19 1969, immolated himself in Wenceslas Square protesting the apathy of his countrymen to the Soviet invasion that had ended the Prague Spring. Socrates himself was forced to commit suicide for political reasons, abiding by his own injunction that it would be better to suffer wrong oneself than to come to wrong others — suicide as political protest is not something invented recently. And certainly not by Bin Laden and friends, whose greed makes their intentions and actions merely ghastly lacking all dignity: they are not satisfied like the Buddhist monks or like Jan Palach with political protest of their own suicides by self-immolation; they must add the sordid cruelty that goes with the very ordinary crimes of theft and mass murder as well.

Yet this kind of negative rhetorical attack too may not cut much ice with Mr Bin Laden and his friends. Just as they will dismiss our praise for Islam as being a suspicious trick, they will dismiss our criticism as the expected animus of an enemy.

To convict Mr Bin Laden of unreason, of contradicting himself, of holding contrary propositions x and ~x simultaneously and so talking meaninglessly and incoherently, we will have to bring out our heaviest artillery, namely, The Holy Q’uran itself, the Recital of Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon Him). We may have to show explicitly how Mr Bin Laden’s own words contradict what is in The Q’uran. He and his followers would then be guilty of maintaining x and its contrary ~x at the same time, of violating the most basic law of logical reasoning, the law of excluded middle, of contradicting themselves, and therefore of speaking meaninglessly, incoherently, nonsensically regardless of their language, culture, nationality or religion. The Q’uran is a grand document and anyone reading it must be prepared to either considering believing it or having powerful enough reasons not to do so. “The great Mystery of Existence”, Carlyle said, “glared in upon (Mohammad), with its terrors, with its splendours; no hearsays could hide that unspeakable fact, ‘Here am I!’. Such sincerity… has in very truth something of divine. The word of such a man is a Voice direct from Nature’s own Heart. Men do and must listen to that as nothing else; all else is wind in comparison.”

Certainly, as in many other religions, the believers and unbelievers are distinguished numerous times in the Prophet’s Recital; believers are promised a Paradise of wine and many luxuries, while unbelievers are promised hell-fire and many other deprivations. But who are these unbelievers? They are the immediate local adversaries of the Prophet, the pagans of Mecca, the hanifs, the local tribes and sceptics arrayed against the Prophet. It is crystal clear that these are the people being named as unbelievers in The Q’uran, and there is absolutely no explicit or implicit mention or reference in it to peoples of other places or other times. There is no mention whatsoever of Anglo-Saxons or Celts, Vikings, Goths, or Gauls, of Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, Confucians or Shintos, no mention of Aztecs, Incas, or Eskimos. There is no mention of any peoples of any other places or of any later times. Certainly there is no mention of the people of modern America or Israel or Palestine or Britain or India. Yet Mr Bin Laden evidently sent an email to the head of the Taliban on October 3 2001, in which he referred to “defending Islam and in standing up to the symbols of infidelity of this time” (Atlantic Monthly, Sep. 2004). We are then able to say to him or any of his friends: “Tell us, Sir, when you declare a war between believers and unbelievers in the name of Islam, whom do you mean to refer to as “unbelievers”? Do you mean to refer to every person in history who has not been a Muslim, even those who may have been ignorant of Islam and its Prophet? Or do you mean to refer to the opponents and enemies the Prophet actually happened to encounter in his struggles during his mission as a proselytiser, i.e., the Arabic idolaters of Mecca, the hanifs and Qureshis, this local Jewish tribe or that local Christian or pagan tribe against whom the early Muslim believers had to battle strenuously and heroically in order to survive? If it is these local enemies of the Prophet and his early disciples whom you mean to refer to as “unbelievers” destined for Hell’s fires, there is textual evidence in The Recital to support you. But if you mean by “unbelievers” an arbitrary assortment of people across all space and all time, you are challenged to show the verses that give you this authority because there are none. Certainly you may have military or political reasons for wishing to engage in conflict with A or B or C — because you feel affronted or violated by their actions — but these would be normal secular reasons open to normal discourse and resolution including the normal laws of war as known by all nations and all peoples. There may be normal moral arguments to be made by radical Muslims against the US Government or against the Israeli Government or the British or Indian or some other Government — but there are no generalised justifications possible from within The Q’uran itself against these modern political entities. We should expose Mr Bin Laden and his friends’ lack of reason in both maintaining that Prophet Muhammad is the Seal of the Prophets, and also maintaining that they can extrapolate from The Q’uran something that is not in The Q’uran. The Q’uran speaks of no unbelievers or enemies of the Prophet or the early Muslims who are not their local enemies in that time and place.

Pritchard, the distinguished Oxford philosopher, once wrote an article called “Does Moral Philosophy Rest on a Mistake?” We today may have to ask a similar question “Does Islamist Philosophy Rest on a Mistake?”

5. If all this so far has seemed too clinical and aseptic in approaching the mystical matters of the spirit, I hasten to add finally that a decisive counterattack upon natural science may be made by both religion and art together. Our small planet is a satellite of an unexceptional star in an unexceptional galaxy yet we are still the centre of the Universe in that it is only here, as far as any of us knows, that such things as reason, intelligence and consciousness have come to exist. (Finding water or even primitive life elsewhere will not change this.) We alone have had an ability to understand ourselves and be conscious of our own existence — the great galaxies, black holes and white dwarfs are all very impressive but none of them can do the same. What responsibility arises for us (or devolves upon us) because of this? That is the perfectly good question asked by art and religion on which science remains silent. Life has existed for x million years and will be extinguished in y million more years, but we do not know why it arose at all, or what responsibility falls on those beings, ourselves, who have the consciousness to ask this. Religion and art cannot battle and win on science’s home ground but they can and do win where science has nothing left to say.

That is what DH Lawrence meant when he said the novel was a greater invention than Galileo’s telescope. Other artists would say the same. Art expresses life, and human cultures can be fresh and vigorous or decadent and redolent of death. The culture that evaluates its own art and encourages new shoots of creativity will be one with a vibrant life; the culture that cannot will be vulnerable to a merger or takeover. There is and has been only one human species, no matter how infinitely variegated its specimens across space and time. All have a capacity to reason as well as a capacity to feel a range of emotions in their experience of the world, something we share to an extent with other forms of life as well. And every human society, in trying to ascertain what is good for itself, finds need to reason together about how its members may be best able to survive, grow, reproduce and flourish, and this vitally demands freedom of inquiry and expression of different points of view. The lone voice in dissent needs to be heard or at least not suppressed just in case it is the right voice counselling against a course that might lead to catastrophe for all. To reason together implies a true or right answer exists to be found, and so the enterprise of truth seeking requires freedom as a logical necessity. It takes guts to be a lone dissenter, and all societies have typically praised and encouraged the virtues of courage and integrity, and poured shame on cowardice, treachery or sycophancy. Similarly, since society is a going concern, justice and fairplay in the working of its institutions is praised and sought after while corruption, fraud or other venality is condemned and punished. Leavis spoke of the need for an educated public if there was not to be a collapse of standards in the arts, since it was only individual candour that could expose shallow but dominant coteries.

Freedom is logically necessary to keep all potential avenues to the truth open, and freedom of belief and experience and the tolerance of dissent, becomes most obvious in religion, where the stupendous task facing everyone is to unravel to the extent we can the “Mystery of Existence”. The scope of the ontological questions is so vast it is only wise to allow the widest search for answers to take place, across all possible sources of faith, wherever the possibility of an insight into any of these subtle truths may arise, and this may explain too why a few always try to experience all the great religions in their own lifetimes. A flourishing culture advances in its science, its artistic creativity and its spiritual or philosophical consciousness. It would be self-confident enough to thrive in a world of global transmissions of ideas, practices, institutions and artefacts. Even if it was small in economic size or power relative to others, it would not be fearful of its own capacity to absorb what is valuable or to reject what is worthless from the rest of the world. To absorb what is valuable from outside is to supercede what may be less valuable at home; to reject what is worthless from outside is to appreciate what may be worthwhile at home. Both require faculties of critical and self-critical judgement, and the flourishing society will be one that possesses these qualities and exercises them with confidence. Words are also deeds, and deeds may also be language.

The crimes of September 11 2001 were ones of perverse terroristic political protest, akin on a global scale to the adolescent youth in angry frustration who kills his schoolmates and his teachers with an automatic weapon. But they were not something inexplicable or sui generis, but rather signalled a collapse of the old cosmopolitan conversation with Islam, and at the same time expressed an incoherent cry of stifled people trying to return to an austere faith of the desert. Information we have about one another and ourselves has increased exponentially in recent years yet our mutual comprehension of one another and ourselves may have grossly deteriorated in quality. Reversing such atrophy in our self-knowledge and mutual comprehension requires, in my opinion, the encouragement of all societies of all sizes to flourish in their scientific knowledge, their religious and philosophical consciousness and self-discovery, and their artistic expressiveness under conditions of freedom. Ultra-modern societies like some in North America or Europe may then perhaps become more reflective during their pursuit of material advancement and prosperity, while ancient societies like those of Asia and elsewhere may perhaps become less fearful of their capacity to engage in the transition between tradition and modernity, indeed, may even affect the direction or speed of change in a positive manner. To use a metaphor of Otto Neurath, we are as if sailors on a ship, who, even while sailing on the water, have to change the old planks of the ship with new planks one by one. In due course of time, all the planks get changed one at a time, but at no time has there not been a ship existing in the process — at no time need we have lost our history or our identity.

My Two *Highly Imperfect (i.e. Defective)* Lectures On the Economics of Information Technology, Bangalore 15-16 November 2000

My Two *Highly Imperfect (i.e. Defective)* Lectures On the Economics of Information Technology, Bangalore, 15-16 November 2000

Preface March 12, 2019: These are two *highly imperfect (i.e. defective)* lectures I was invited to give to students in Bangalore almost 19 years ago. I published them in draft  in 2010 as I did not agree with the BBC’s “Virtual Revolution” programme broadcast today attributing to e.g. Woodstock and the Grateful Dead perhaps more credit than is due to them for the IT-Revolution.

This is no more than a draft survey of the area, nothing original, and it says more than I can understand myself years later.

 

On the Economics of Information Technology: Some Questions of Supply, Demand, Price & Policy

Two lectures at the Indian Institute of Information Technology, Bangalore, 15-16 November 2000

by Professor Subroto Roy, PhD(Cantab.)

Part I: Advances in Information Technology from Ancient Times to the Present Day

Advances in Information Technology through the Ages
• Before the Age of Electricity
• In the Age of Electric Power 1840-1940
• In the Transistor & IC Age, 1940-1970
• In the PC Age, 1970-1990
• In the Internet Age, 1990-2000
• Beyond 2000 in India and elsewhere

Part II: Demand and Prices, Policy

 

Part I: Advances in Information Technology from Ancient Times to the Present Day

Advances before the Age of Electricity: Textiles
• India: 5th Cent. BC, Greek descriptions of popularity of brightly coloured Indian textiles exported to Persia.
• Chinese block printing used for textiles, paper money, playing cards.

Advances before the Age of Electricity: Jacquard loom
• Jacquard loom (France 1720-1840) to which origins of computer science can be traced. Named after Joseph Marie Jacquard (1752-1834), but in fact originates in work of three others before him — an early example of how fame may not be closely related to actual effort.

• Weaving requires continual change in patterns by which longitudinal and vertical threads (‘warp’ and ‘weft’) come together in a ‘simple’.

• 1725 Basile Bouchon first to use endless band of perforated paper containing these pattern instructions.

• 1728 M. Falcon constructs machine known since as Jacquard loom; operates by perforated cards but still requires “drawboy” to manipulate it.

• 1745 Jacques de Vaucanson unites designs, invents mechanism for operating it from one centre.

• 1790s Jacquard builds on and perfects this, dispenses with ‘drawboy’.

• Jacquard loom fiercely opposed by silk-weavers but by 1812, there are 11,000 Jacquard looms in France; declared public property in 1806. Jacquard receives a State pension and royalties. A statue of him erected in Lyons in 1840 after his death. (But here today, in India in 2000, we recall the names of Bouchon, Falcon and Vaucanson too.)

• Jacquard loom quickly spreads from silk to cotton and linen. The cost of textiles with woven patterns falls.

Advances before the Age of Electricity: Printing
• Buddhist sutra 868 AD oldest printed book in existence.

• c.1440 Johan Gutenberg (Mainz, Ger), metallurgist and engraver, publishes first books mechanically. First venture capitalist was Gutenberg’s townsman, Johann Fust — who becomes impatient for a return on investment, and forecloses on Guttenberg, leaving Guttenberg penniless.

• Printing spreads rapidly across Europe. By 1500, 15-20 million volumes published of 40,000 editions, mainly religious & legal works.
• (Russia, 1563, first printing press.)
• (INDIA: 1778 Nathaniel Halhed prints Bengali grammar; 1801 William Carey produces Bengali Bible; 1817 Calcutta School Book Soc. releases many textbooks; 1819 first Indian newspaper in Bengali.)

Advances before the Age of Electricity: Calculators & Computers
• Abacus, China 4th Cent BC; sliding beads on a rack. Loses importance as use of paper & pencil spreads in Europe. But 1200 years before next major advance.

• Blaise Pascal (Fra) 1642 “Pascaline”, first calculator: brass rectangular box, 8 movable dials add sums up to eight digits long. Base 10; as one dial moves one complete revolution, the next moves one place, etc. Only addition. G. W. Leibniz (Ger) 1694 First mechanical calculator; partly by studying Pascal’s original notes and drawings, improves Pascaline to multiply. “Stepped-drum” gears and dials.

• 1820 Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar (Fra) invents “arithometer”, performs 4 arithmetic functions. Used widely up until WWI (e.g. in ballistics by artillery.)

• 1812 Charles Babbage, Cambridge mathematician, frustrated by astronomers’ errors: “I wish to God these calculations had been performed by steam!” Sees mathematics requires repetition of steps & machines are best at repetitive tasks. 1822 Difference Engine solves differential equations. Steam-powered, enormous, stored program; 1832 “Analytical Engine”. Never constructed (?) but had basic elements of modern computer. More than 50,000 components —

• Babbage adapts Jacquard loom idea of punch cards encoding machine’s instructions, so input in form of perforated cards containing operating instructions; “store” for memory of 1,000 numbers of up to 50 decimal places. (Augusta Ada King, Lady Lovelace, Byron’s daughter, instrumental in Babbage’s design; ADA high-level language named after her.)

• 1850-1900s George Boole, A. de Morgan, Gottlob Frege, C. S. Peirce et al formulate logical basis of algebra: mathematical statements expressed as either true or false; summarily “Boolean algebra”.

Advances before the Age of Electricity: Telegraph
• 1746-52 Benjamin Franklin (Amer.) among others experiments with atmospheric electricity; Franklin invents lightning rod.
• 1747 William Watson (Eng) shows current can be transmitted through wire.
• 1753 anonymous “CM” (Scot) proposes electric telegraph.

Advances in the Age of Electric Power 1840-1940: Telegraph
• 1845 (Eng) Electric Telegraph Co.; 1850 England-France submarine cable;
• 1866 first permanent trans-Atlantic cable;
• 1882, first electrical power stations, London & New York
• c. 1900 G. Marconi. First radio transmission. INDIA: Jagdish Chandra Bose works simultaneously
• 1921 (?) First commercial radio broadcasts by RCA (Amer.)
• 1930s Earth-encircling cables in place

Advances in the Age of Electric Power 1840-1940: Telephone
• c. 1874 (Amer.) Alexander Graham Bell conceives correct principle: “If I could make a current of electricity vary in intensity precisely as the air varies in density during the production of sound, I should be able to transmit speech telegraphically.” 1876 Bell patents his phone. First sentence transmitted: “Mr. Watson, come here; I want you.” Elisha Grey close on Bell’s heels; long patent battle ensues upto U. S. Supreme Court.
• 1877 (?) American Telegraph & Telephone Co. started.
• Bell conceives network principle of connecting every potential user with every other.
Advances in the Age of Electric Power 1840-1940: Television
• 1873 (Eng) Telegrapher May discovers basic principle of translating light into electrical signal.
• 1888 (Amer?) Hallwachs demonstrates photoelectic effect: electrons emitted instantaneously from illuminated surface.
• 1923 Baird (Eng), Jenkins (Amer) transmit crude black-and-white silhouettes in motion.
• 1936 BBC inaugurates first TV entertainment programme.
• (INDIA early 1960s Television broadcasts begin in New Delhi on an experimental basis; one hour every Saturday and Sunday.)

Advances in the Age of Electric Power 1840-1940: Computers
• 1889 (Amer) H. Hollerith, to find fast way to calculate U. S. Census, uses Jacquard loom idea of punch cards to store information. Each punch represents a number, combinations a letter. 80 variables on one card. Instead of 10 years, Census compiled in 6 weeks by machine mechanically. 1896 Hollerith brings his invention to the business world founding Tabulating Machine Co., which evolves after mergers into IBM in 1924. Punch cards used for data processing into the 1960’s and 1970s.
Advances in the Age of Electric Power 1840-1940: Computers (cont’d)

• 1931 (Amer) Vannevar Bush invents calculator for solving differential equations. Hundreds of gears & shafts required to represent numbers & functions.

• Simultaneous inventions of first electronic computers: 1937-40 (Amer) John V. Atanasoff & Clifford Berry, Iowa State College, seek to improve on Vannever Bush, envision and build all-electronic computer applying Boolean algebra to computer circuitry. Lose funding & their work overshadowed by others.

• 1936-45 Konrad Zuse (Ger, Swz, USA) “Z1”- “Z4” binary digital (bit) computers. Principles still in use.

Advances 1940-1960: Early Mainframes
• 1939-45 IBM Mark-I Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator for US Navy’s ballistic charts; Harvard’s Howard Aiken uses electro-magnetic relays; dozens of yards long; 500 miles wiring. Electro-magnetic signals move mechanical parts. 3-5 secs. per calculation.

• 1946 US Defense & U of Penn Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors, 5 mill soldered joints, 160 kw electrical power, dims part of Philadelphia’s lights. John Presper Eckert, John W. Mauchly. 1,000 times faster than Mark I. Vacuum tubes responsible for enormous size. Magnetic drums for data storage.
Advances 1940-60: Early Mainframes (Cont’d)

• 1945. John von Neumann joins Penn team, new design remains to present day. Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC) with memory holding not merely stored data but stored program, so instructions automated. Loops and “conditional control transfer” allow versatility; Central Processing Unit allows central coordination of all functions.

• 1950/51 UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic Computer) Remington Rand used by US Census. Early commercial product.

Advances 1940-60: Transistor Age Begins
• 1947 (Amer.) William Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, Bell Labs, invent germanium transfer resistance device, or transistor. Patented 1948.

• 1949 1 million TVs in use worldwide, 50% in America.

• 1954 First transistor radio Regency TR-1 (Amer.); followed by Sony (Japan) 1955; Sony TR-63 1957 cracks American market and launches new consumer microelectronics industry.

• Transistors replace vacuum tubes in TVs, radios, computers. Texas Instruments supplies transistors to IBM. 1959 Philco, 1960 Sony first transistor TVs

• 1959/1960 10 million TVs in use worldwide.

Advances 1940-60: The Integrated Circuit and Minicomputer
• Supercomputers: IBM Stretch; Sperry-Rand LARC.

• 1958 Jack Kilby, Texas Instruments, develops integrated circuit (Physics Nobel 2000); 3 components on small quartz rock silicon disc; reduces problem of heating, allowing further miniaturization. (1979 Margaret Thatcher as UK PM predicts silicon chip destined to change the world economy.)

• 1964 First commercial Minis. Burroughs, Control Data, Honeywell, IBM, Sperry-Rand in business, govt., univ. use. E.g. IBM-7040, 7010, 1410, 360, 602-603; Control Data 6600, G.E. 400.

Advances 1940-60: From Machine to Assembly Language
• Operating instructions made-to-order for specific task until

• 1957, 1959 Grace Hopper, Charles Phillips invent “mnemonics” assembly language, esp. COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) 1957 John Backus introduces FORTRAN (Formula Translation). 1965 John Kemeney, Thomas Kurtz, Dartmouth College, invent BASIC.

• Machine language replaced by assembly language; binary machine code replaced by words, sentences, formulae, making it easier to program. Software industry begins.

Soviet/American Rivalry &Telecom in Space
• 1957, 1958 (USSR) Sputnik 1, 2, 3 first artificial satellites. 1959/1960 Score (Amer.) First transmission of messages from space; Lunik 2, 3 (USSR). First spacecraft to Moon, circumnavigation of moon; opposite side of moon. April 12 1961 Yuri Gagarin Vostok 1 (USSR), First man in space

• 1962 Telstar 1 (Amer.) First transatlantic relay of TV signals; first colour TV relay; tests of broadband microwave communication in space.

Advances 1968: The Mouse, The Floppy & “Hypertext”
• Douglas Engelbart (Xerox? IBM?) invents “x-y position indicator”; a colleague names it “Mouse”.
• Alan Shugart (IBM) demonstrates first regular use of 8” floppy disk for magnetic storage.
• Engelbart also produces first electronically read documents. Ted Nelson calls it “Hypertext”. Linear texts generalised to non-linear structures.
• Intel started by Gordon Moore & Robert Noyce
• (Elsewhere in America: “Tet” Offensive in Vietnam War; Woodstock Festival marks high of “hippy” movement; RF Kennedy & Martin Luther King Jr assassinated.)

Advances in the PC Age, 1970-1990
• 1970 Brian Kernighan, Dennis Ritchie, Bell Labs, invent ‘C’. First systems language; no longer must an OS be tied to particular hardware. 1971 Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie begin UNIX OS. Key features reach PCs 20 years later.
• C dominant in both systems & application by 1980s. C library is the original UNIX OS.

Advances in the PC Age: Intel’s 4004 Chip
• 1971 Intel, requested to make new calculator chip, instead builds first single general microprocessor.
• 4-bit Intel 4004 clock speed 108 kHz, 2300 transistors.
• 1 Kb program memory, 4 Kb data memory. 16 4-bit general purpose registers, instruction set with 46 instructions. Intel buys back rights for $60,000..

Advances in the PC Age: IBM’s 1973 Winchester Hard Disk
• 1973 IBM, first true sealed hard disk drive. “Winchester”. Two 30 Mb platters.
• Used in mainframes, minicomputers, PCs starting with IBM XT/AT; in the 1980s, hard disks store Gbs of data.
Xerox (PARC) & Apple start the PC
• 1975 Alan Kay (Xerox Palo Alto Research Center) first (?) desk-sized PC Xerox Alto, commercialized as Xerox Star: all basic PC ideas & accessories developed at Xerox PARC: GUI interface, mouse, icons, menus, overlapping windows, to produce single-user PC driven by menu commands accessed by mouse. Star revolutionary but fails at $5,000 (?) price.
Xerox (PARC) & Apple start the PC
• 1976 Apple started by Steve Jobs, Steve Wosniak 1977 Apple II. MOS 6502 processor; built-in keybd, graphics display, BASIC in ROM; 4 Kb RAM; cost $1298; 1978 48 Kb RAM Apple II+, floppy drive.
• 1979 Jobs tours Xerox PARC, sees Alto as future; applies to Lisa, Macintosh. Xerox teams leave to join Apple.
CP/M-80; Altair PC; Microsoft; MS-DOS
• 1974 Gary Kildall (Intel) designs CP/M-80 OS for Intel 8080 and Zilog 80 micros. First OS to run on machines from different vendors. Though preferred for small systems, early PCs provide BASIC interpreter instead.
• 1974-75, First (?) commercial microcomputers: Altair 8800 by Ed Roberts & Bill Yates, IMSAI (1976). CP/M-80; Altair PC; Microsoft; MS-DOS
• 1974-75 Microsoft founded by Bill Gates & Paul Allen; supply “scaled down” minicomputer BASIC for Altair PC. First DOS for microcomputers. Bill Gates buys Q-DOS/DOS-86 from Seattle Computing for $50,000, renames it PC-DOS, and sells it to IBM. Another copy of Q-DOS/DOS-86 is renamed MS-DOS.
Word Processing & the Spreadsheet: Wordstar and VisiCalc
• 1975 Michael Schrayer, “Electric Pencil” first word processor for Altair PC
• 1978 John Barnaby, “Wordstar”. Originally developed for CP/M, later DOS.
• 1978/79 Daniel Bricklin & Robert Frankston. “VisiCalc”, first spreadsheet. Installed on Apple II, causes American public to look at PCs as business tools, not merely toys.
Commodore, Radio-Shack, bring the PC home for the American masses
• MOS 6502 processor used in Apple II 1975 at under $100; compared to $375 for Motorola 6800.
• 1977 Commodore PET also uses MOS 6502.
• 1981 Commodore VIC-20, first colour under $300. First to sell 1 mill units.
• 1982, Commodore 64 among best-selling single PCs of all time; est. 22 million units sold, more than Mac and IBM’s PC and AT. First cheap computer to have 64 Kb RAM, enough memory to allow good software, so 64 software market boomed, especially games; cost around $400.
Commodore & Radio-Shack bring the PC home in America
• 1977 Radio Shack TRS-80; thick keyboard 4 Kb RAM, 4 Kb ROM. Though Radio-Shack has enormous public goodwill, TRS-80 ultimately loses to Apple II and later Commodore 64.
• 1979 Adam Osborne, first portable 10 kg Osborne $1795. Tiny screen. Starts practice of bundling software with the computer.

• IBM PC 1981 Landmark announcement stuns computing world, especially as IBM Chairman supposed to have said PCs would never fly and mainframes would dominate forever. Despite weaknesses, PC based on open architecture permitting growth. Plus release of Lotus 1-2-3 a year later, makes business world sit up and take notice.
• PC and its clones dominate industry. PC cost $3,000, 64 Kb RAM, floppy disk drive, monochrome graphics. Also with DOS, based on CP/M. In its rush to enter the market, IBM licenses DOS from tiny Microsoft. Later regrets decision not to write its own OS at the time.
Processor Wars
• IBM PC based on Intel 8088; 16-bit proc., 8 regs, 100 instructions, unusual segmented 20-bit memory architecture capable of addressing 1 Mb memory. Clock speed 4.77 MHz in original. 8088 was the second x86 after 1978 8086 which used 16-bit external busses, while 8088 used 8-bit busses. 8088 20% slower than 8086, but 8-bit busses critical to keep down cost.
• Decision to use x86 architecture widely criticized; IBM’s own engineers wanted to use better Motorola 68000 but IBM had already obtained rights to manufacture 8086 for use in “Displaywriter” typewriter, in exchange for giving Intel rights to bubble memory technology.
Processor Wars (Cont’d)
• Also 8088 could use existing low cost 8-bit components, whereas 68000 components more expensive and not widely available.
• Thanks to PC’s open design, Intel x86 architecture goes on to completely dominate industry.
• AMD 386 first successful rival x86 processor. Intel’s original 16 MHz 386 introduced in 1985 at $299. By 1990, $171, and 33 MHz version $214. AMD’s 40 MHz 386DX released in March 1991 at $281, but within a year price fell 50% to $140. Prices of PCs followed chip prices, and fell by as much as $1000. Market for PC’s running Windows expanded by over 33%.

Lotus 1-2-3 and Windows
• 1980s Lotus 1-2-3 on IBM PC storms American business; simple elegant grid, graphics, data retrieval functions following VisiCalc. By early 1990’s, best-selling application of all time; ends only with rise of MS Windows Excel.
• 1985 Windows originally released:ugly, slow, little support from software developers. 1990 MS Windows 3.01 GUI upgrade; Microsoft paraded major software vendors with applications which ran under Windows 3: MS Word and Excel spreadsheet.
Lotus 1-2-3 and Windows
• 1992, Windows 3.1, “final” upgrade of 3.x design; TrueType, Object Linking, Embedding, new memory management, better error recovery, etc., better user interface; 640 Kb memory limit broken to allow better performance and finally let PC run large graphical applications. Multiple programs could be run simultaneously, and multitasking begins.
• 1988, 1992 Apple Sues Microsoft over MS Windows breaching copyright by being too similar to Macintosh user interface. Courts said copyright not breached..

Superminis: Digital VAX, IBM RS/600, DEC Alpha
• 1974 UNIX on Digital PDP-11; minimal cost $40,000 yet 600 in service, mostly at universities.
• 1977 Digital VAX dominant processor powering UNIX, VMS minis. (32-bit CISC architecture). VAX widely used from superminis to desktop workstations. VAX-11/780 at $200,000. Benchmarked at 1 MIPS, with IBM 370/158 but VAX-11/780 became more popular.
• 1990 IBM RS/6000 first superscalar RISC processor, speed records; many CAD, scientific applications on RS/6000 workstations running AIX (IBM’s UNIX).
• 1992 Digital’s Alpha architecture, first true 64-bit architecture, aimed to replace VAX.

“Hypertext”, anticipated and invented
• 1945: Vannevar Bush, US President Roosevelt’s scientific adviser, describes photo-electric device based on micro-film, to store vast amounts of data in single disk, with mechanical aids to find, organize, add documents. Considered by founders of World Wide Web 50 years later to be anticipation of “hypertext”.
• 1968 Douglas Engelbart, inventor of the Mouse, produces first hypertext.
• 1979 Charles Goldfarb invents SGML. Separate content structure from presentation. Thus same document can be rendered in different ways. HTML markup language of Web, is SGML application.

Prediction of Internet
• (Anon. Eng) 1970: “These computing systems will form an interlocking network of information retrieval and processing systems well able to master the information explosion and the demands of any educational set-up. With this network established, man will have passed from the industrial age into the cybernetic age, and will have to re-think his approach to education, employment, leisure and society at large. He will have to rethink his approach to education because the computer will gradually control all structured tasks, whether they be the production of goods or the carrying out of commercial procedures.” (Times Literary Supplement Jan 1)

Origins of the Internet & World Wide Web
• 1972 US Defense DARPA starts research to connect research centres for data exchange; also for military purposes; automatic routing of information packets, reducing vulnerability through failure of single transmission nodes (in case of e.g. nuclear attack).
• 1981 Ted Nelson ‘Literary Machines” describes project Xanadu: networked, world-wide system of publication.
• 1987 CERN and US labs connect to Internet as means of exchanging data beween High Energy Physics labs.
Birth of the World Wide Web 1990-1995
• 1989 Tim Berners-Lee, Robert Cailliau propose networked Hypertext system for CERN and document handling inside the lab.
• 1990 Mike Sendall buys a NeXT cube for evaluation, and gives it to Berners-Lee; prototype implementation on NeXTStep;

Birth of the World Wide Web 1990-1995
• the Portable “Line-Mode Browser”. SLAC, the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in California, becomes first Web server in USA. serves the contents of an existing, large data base of abstracts of physics papers.Distribution of software over the Internet starts. Hypertext’91 conference (San Antonio) allows CERN a “poster” presentation (but does not see any use of discussing large, networked hypertext systems…).
• 1992 portable browser is released by CERN free
• Berners-Lee and Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) of MIT start W3C Consortium in the US.
• Tim Berners-Lee leaves CERN for MIT (December).
• CERN Council approves
• Many HEP laboratories now join with servers: DESY (Hamburg), NIKHEF (Amsterdam), FNAL (Chicago).
• Interest in Internet population picks up.
• Gopher system from the U of Minn, also networked, simpler to install, but with no hypertext links, spreads rapidly.
• CERN needs Web browser for X system, but have no in-house expertise. However, Viola (O’Reilly Assoc., California) and Midas (SLAC) are wysiwyg implementations that create great interest.
• The world has 50 Web servers!
• 1993
• Viola and Midas are shown at Software Development Group of NCSA (the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Illinois).
• Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina write Mosaic from NCSA. Easy to install, robust, and allows in-line colour images. This causes an explosion in the USA.
• CERN produces Web server software with basic protection mechanisms.
• European Commission approves first WWW based project: “Wise”, for dissemination of information to small and medium enterprises (DGXIII, the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft (Darmstadt/Rostock) the CCG (Portugal) and CERN).
• We have 250 servers!
• 1994
• Jim Clark is advised to look into the Internet. He founds MCC, later Netscape.
• We have 2500 servers.
• 1995 January, CERN and the European Commission invite INRIA, the Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique, to continue European involvement. INRIA has five sites in France and is heavily involved in European projects and collaborations with similar institutes in Europe and the world.
• Sun Microsystems produces HotJava, a browser which incorporates interactive objects.
• To give individuals a voice, a user-group type organisation is needed. This leads to the founding of the Web Society in Graz (Austria).
• we register 700 new servers per day!
• W3Consortium Oct 1994 to lead Web to its full potential by developing common protocols promote its evolution and ensure interoperability. leading the technical evolution of the Web. has developed more than 20 technical specifications for Web’s infrastructure. However, the Web is still young computers, telecommunications, and multimedia technologies converge.
• Universal Access: To make the Web accessible to all by promoting technologies that take into account the vast differences in culture, education, ability, material resources, and physical limitations of users on all continents;
• Semantic Web : To develop a software environment that permits each user to make the best use of the resources available on the Web;
• Web of Trust : To guide the Web’s development with careful consideration for the novel legal, commercial, and social issues raised by this technology.
• Standardization: The Web is an application built on top of the Internet and, as such, has inherited its fundamental design principles.
• Interoperability: Specifications for the Web’s languages and protocols must be compatible with one another and allow (any) hardware and software used to access the Web to work together.
• Decentralization: Decentralization is without a doubt the newest principle and most difficult to apply. To allow the Web to “scale” to worldwide proportions while resisting errors and breakdowns, the architecture(like the Internet) must limit or eliminate dependencies on central registries.
• User Interface Domain seeks to improve user interaction with the Web. Includes work on formats and languages that will present information to users with more accuracy and a higher level of control.
• The W3C Technology and Society Domain seeks to develop Web infrastructure to address social, legal, and public policy concerns.
• HTML : Three versions of HTML have stabilized the explosion in functionalities of the Web’s primary markup language. HTML 3.2 was published in January 1997, followed by HTML 4 (first published December 1997, revised April 1998, revised as HTML 4.01 December 1999). XHTML 1.0, which features the semantics of HTML 4 using the syntax of XML, became a Recommendation in January 2000.
• By allowing the separation of structure and presentation, style sheets make site management easier and promote Web accessibility. CSS1 was published in December 1996, and CSS2 in May 1998.
• HTML : Three versions of HTML have stabilized the explosion in functionalities of the Web’s primary markup language.

Economics of Information Technology
Part II: Demand and Prices

*Information can be true or it can be false.*

Classic Example of False Information: Most Famous Newspaper Error of All Time, US Presidential Elections 1948 A victorious President Truman holds up “Dewey Defeats Truman” with a smile, US Presidential Elections 1948

That was November 1948. Almost the same thing happened two days ago — the American newsmedia announced Gore had won in Florida, only to retract it shortly afterwards, and say Bush had won Florida.
Today, right now, nobody yet knows who has won in Florida.

“DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN” did not say something logically impossible — merely something which was factually untrue.

All empirical or factual or contingent or scientific questions admit more than one possible answer — only one of which is true or correct or consonant with reality.

(By contrast, logical and mathematical questions have necessarily true answers; any false answer contradicts the question itself.)

“Demand” for False Information

• Human beings have throughout history had some demand for information they knew to be false or unreal, i.e., the demand for fiction and fantasy.

*Entertainment, Religion & Sports*

• We read Arabian Nights or A Tale of Two Cities or even Anna Karenina knowing the characters are unreal;

• We watch Bruce Willis or Anil Kapoor beat dozens of villains knowing it is unrealistic & fabricated.
• Hollywood & Bollywood thus provide us information we know beforehand to be false.
• We don’t go to a Hollywood or Bollywood movie with the idea of getting an education — we demand it for independent reasons other than literal or scientific truth, like being entertained for relaxation, or perhaps to learn some moral lesson about e.g., courage or love.
• So we allow the movie-maker some “dramatic license”.

• Religion and Sports may be somewhat similar categories of demand.

• In Religion, too, we do not expect literal, scientific, empirical truth, but perhaps some more metaphorical meaning about our life and the world.
• In Sports, harmful combat is simulated by some harmless contest or game, perhaps again telling us something about human courage or endurance.
• (Why we are angry with “match-fixers” is that they alter a genuine simulated combat into a simulated simulated combat.)

*Data Volume, Transmission Cost and “Cognitive Processing”*

In general though, when we speak of a demand for information, we mean a demand for *true* information

— this implies there is some cost in resources in finding out whether information is true or false.

I.e., whether the content of a given message is or is not true – whether it should or should not be believed or acted upon — has to be determined, proved, or established as the result of some appropriate test in each case.

Or, alternatively, in the words used by information theorists, there is some real resource cost to “filter” or “cognitively process” raw data before it becomes “information”, whether “statistical” or “pragmatic”.

(“Statistical information” alters probability distributions of states; “pragmatic information” alters courses of action.)

• Modern information technology has allowed the cost of transmission to decline and the speed and volume of transmission to increase. But the ability of human beings to “cognitively process” data into information may not have increased commensurately.

• (I.e. information is not synonymous with knowledge; information may increase but not knowledge.)

• Vannever Bush in 1945 spoke of “information overload”.

• Jacob Marshack and Roy Radner and others speak of the relative cheapness of communication compared with the high cost of cognition.

• In April 2000, I told the Reserve Bank of India’s Conference of Finance Secretaries: “Managing a process of public financial decision-making requires coincidence of the people who have the best information with the people who have the authority to act. Decision-makers need to have relevant, reliable and timely information available to them — and then they need to be considered accountable for the decisions made on that basis.”

• I said: “No matter how competent or well-meaning a Finance Commission may be, its purpose may be stymied by the overload of information and overcentralisation of authority that has come to take place.” I quoted from Justice Qureshi, a recent member: “it is humanly impossible for a person to understand the problems of the Centre and the 25 States and take a decision thereon within such a short time”.

*IntraTeam and InterTeam Information*

• Information transactions may be classified as those between
• Cooperating parties, I.e. within teams
• Competitive parties, I.e. between teams

A “Team” is a set of agents

Who have the same goal

Who know each other well enough to process information transactions between themselves at low or zero cost;

I.e., who trust the reliability of information exchanges between one another.

A New Concept Proposed: M2TM (the parent of B2B)
• Let me propose a new concept here and now: TM2TM
• TM2TM is the parent of B2B
• It refers to “Team Member to Team Member” exchanges;
• I.e. information transactions between members of the same team.

Examples of teams
Members of the same family (goal: maximise happiness of all members)
Members of the same firm (goal: e.g. maximise profits or minimise costs)
Members of two different families interconnected by marriage (goal: enhance the value of the marriage)
Members of two different firms interconnected by a supply chain (goal: enhance efficiency and value; maintain contracts with one another)
“Incentive compatibility”
• In other words, members of teams have compatible incentives to convey true information in their messages.
• Hypothesis: all successful cases of information application occur in teams e.g.
• Personal communication (like email between friends and family)
• Industrial applications like CAD CAM, MIS, Intranet

*Properties of Information as a Good*
• Economists have long identified certain peculiar characteristics of information when seen as a scarce economic good, i.e., one commanding a positive value or price.

Specifically, information unlike tangible goods:

• Is not destructible and does not deteriorate
• Travels at the speed of the signal
• Causes each new buyer to become a potential seller, making property rights hard to define.

At every moment, there are an infinity of events occurring all over the physical world, the plant and animal world and the human world. To have true information about all these events would be to be omniscient, to be conscious or aware of all of reality.

We cannot be, do not have to be, and should not be (Aristotle) concerned with more than a tiny fraction of all possible events.

In general, information is a derivative good, which always refers to some or other underlying factual or contingent event.

The value of information about an event will reflect both

the value of the underlying event;
and
the scarcity of the message itself.

*Pricing issues in Internet Economics*
• Internet Economics defines a “positive/negative network externality” when a benefit/cost accrues to one user by actions of another user.
• Fax pricing: fax usage increased due to positive network externalities.

• The key debate has been between those advocating
• Flat rate pricing
• Usage-based or “responsive” pricing
• Regulated pricing (not necessarily by government but by a collective)

Western views on The Bangalore Phenomenon:
Do Foreign Visitors Flatter Us?
• That India is or will soon become an “Information Technology Superpower” is being said publicly by every visiting foreign dignitary, Americans, Russians, Germans, Singaporeans — even the British!
• Should we believe them? Or are they flattering us, perhaps trying to sell us something or buy something from us cheap?

Western views on India as an IT competitor:
(1) Annalee Saxenian, UC Berkeley
• Bangalore is not and cannot become Silicon Valley which is rooted in semiconductor manufacturing, and is “the world’s most diversified and sophisticated centre of technology and entrepreneurship”; evolved over 50 years, now 9,000+ technology firms; 350,000 workers.
• Bangalore emerged in the late 1980s “as a source of low-wage software skills for programming tasks…could become a leading centre of high value-added design and entrepreneurship.” Times of India interview Jan 2000
Western views on India as an IT competitor:
(2) OECD Information Technology Outlook 2000
• “OECD countries still retain the major share of the software industry, but non-member economies are increasingly important in some areas. India is most often cited in the area of outsourcing software development, with an estimated USD 3.8 billion in revenue in 1998-99, and 50% annual growth in revenue over the past few years. However, India’s software industry faces a number of challenges as its labour cost advantage shrinks, and it provides an excellent case study of recent and possible future development paths in a dynamic, highly competitive industry.

(2) OECD 2000 (Cont’d)
• “Initial development of India’s software industry was closely tied to the indigenous computer hardware industry, which grew because of the availability of skilled workers and the government’s nuclear and space policy. Since the late 1980s, the industry has grown rapidly, thanks to a combination of human resource endowments, favourable government policies (including liberalisation and substantial investments in higher education) and good timing. It now focuses on exports (close to 70% of revenue), mostly of software services (85% of exports); the United States is its main export market (over one-half of exports).”

• “Growth was initially driven by the diversification of established Indian computer or general firms into software, but current market leaders are relatively new specialised firms, with the top 30 firms accounting for three-quarters of total revenue. There has been little major consolidation and few foreign acquisitions of Indian firms, as the work offers few opportunities for economies of scale and growth rates are very high. Large firms from OECD countries are using India as a platform for outsourcing, usually through long-term service agreements with local firms. In most cases,
Western views on India as an IT competitor: OECD 2000 (Cont’d)
• projects are routine work (low value added) owing to lower labour costs (between one-third and one-fifth of comparable US wage costs). The major sources of competition are other Indian firms or firms from advanced countries (e.g. US firms set up by Indian nationals). Few firms are expected to manage the transition to higher value-added segments. Compared to other countries with spectacularly growing software industries (e.g. Israel, Ireland), the nature of the service projects means that revenue per employee is low. Major challenges to be overcome include emerging skill
Western views on India as an IT competitor: OECD 2000 (Cont’d)
• shortages, with highly skilled workers being attracted to higher-paying jobs, mainly in the United States. Inadequate infrastructure is another obstacle for Indian firms trying to move up the value chain. The Indian experience suggests that governments wishing to use IT industries as part of development strategies need to address areas such as skills development, investment in infrastructure, effectiveness of the financial sector, R&D, IPR protection and procurement…..

Transparency and Economic Policy-Making

Transparency and Economic Policy-Making

An address by Professor Subroto Roy to the Asia-Pacific Public Relations Conference, (panel on Transparency chaired by C. R. Irani) January 30 1998.

This talk is dedicated to the memory of my sister Suchandra Bhattacharjee (14.02.1943-10.01.1998).
1. I would like to talk about transparency and economic policy-making in our country. For something to be transparent is, in plain language, for it to be able to be openly seen through, for it to not to be opaque, obscure or muddy, for it to be clear to the naked eye or to the reasonable mind. A clear glass of water is a transparent glass of water. Similarly, an open and easily comprehensible set of economic policies is a transparent set of economic policies.

The philosopher Karl Popper wrote a famous book after the Second World War titled The Open Society and its Enemies. It contained a passionate defence of liberal institutions and democratic freedoms and a bitter attack on totalitarian doctrines of all kinds. It generated a lot of controversy, especially over its likely misreading of the best known work of political philosophy since the 4th Century BC, namely, Plato’s Republic .[1] I shall borrow Popper’s terms ‘open society’ and ‘closed society’ and will first try to make this a useful distinction for modern times, and then apply it to the process of economic policy-making in India today.

2. An open society is one in which the ordinary citizen has reasonably easy access to any and all information relating to the public or social interest — whether the information is directly available to the citizen himself or herself, or is indirectly available to his or her elected representatives like MP’s and MLA’s. Different citizens will respond to the same factual information in different ways, and conflict and debate about the common good will result. But that would be part of the democratic process.

The assessment that any public makes about the government of the day depends on both good and bad news about the fate of the country at any given time. In an open society, both good news and bad news is out there in the pubic domain — open to be assessed, debated, rejoiced over, or wept about. If we win a cricket match or send a woman into space we rejoice. If we lose a child in a manhole or a busload of children in a river, we weep. If some tremendous fraud on the public exchequer comes to be exposed, we are appalled. And so on.

It is the hallmark of an open society that its citizens are mature enough to cope with both the good and the bad news about their country that comes to be daily placed before them. Or, perhaps more accurately, the experience of having to handle both good and bad news daily about their world causes the citizens in an open society to undergo a process of social maturation in formulating their understanding of the common good as well as their responses to problems or crises that the community may come to face. They might be thereby thought of as improving their civic capacities, as becoming better-informed and more discerning voters and decision-makers, and so becoming better citizens of the country in which they live.

The opposite of an open society is a closed society — one in which a ruling political party or a self-styled elite or nomenclatura keep publicly important information to themselves, and do not allow the ordinary citizen easy or reasonably free access to it. The reason may be merely that they are intent on accumulating assets for themselves as quickly as they can while in office, or that they are afraid of public anger and want to save their own skins from demands for accountability. Or it may be that they have the impression that the public is better off kept in the dark — that only the elite nomenclatura is in position to use the information to serve the national interest.

In a closed society it is inevitable that bad news comes to be censored or suppressed by the nomenclatura, and so the good news gets exaggerated in significance. News of economic disasters, military defeats or domestic uprisings gets suppressed. News of victories or achievements or heroics gets exaggerated. If there are no real victories, achievements or heroics, fake ones have to be invented by government hacks — although the suppressed bad news tends to silently whisper all the way through the public consciousness in any case.

Such is the way of government propaganda in almost every country, even those that pride themselves on being free and democratic societies. Dostoevsky’s cardinal advice in Brothers Karamasov was: “Above all, never lie to yourself”. Yet people in power tend to become so adept at propaganda that they start to deceive themselves and forget what is true and what is false, or worse still, cannot remember how to distinguish between true and false in the first place. In an essay thirty years ago titled Truth and Politics, the American scholar Hannah Arendt put it like this:

“Insofar as man carries within himself a partner from whom he can never win release, he will be better off not to live with a murderer or a liar; or: since thought is the silent dialogue carried out between me and myself, I must be careful to keep the integrity of this partner intact, for otherwise I shall surely lose the capacity for thought altogether.”[2]

3. Closed societies may have been the rule and open societies the exception for most of human history. The good news at the end of the 20th Century is surely that since November 7 1989, when the Berlin Wall fell, the closed society has officially ceased to be a respectable form of human social organization. The age of mass access to television and telecommunications at the end of the 20th Century may be spelling the permanent end of totalitarianism and closed societies in general. The Berlin Wall was perhaps doomed to fall the first day East Germans were able to watch West German television programs.

Other than our large and powerful neighbour China, plus perhaps North Korea, Myanmar, and some Islamic countries, declared closed societies are becoming hard to find, and China remains in two minds whether to be open or closed. No longer is Russia or Romania or Albania or South Africa closed in the way each once was for many years. There may be all sorts of problems and confusions in these countries but they are or trying to become open societies.

Under the glare of TV cameras in the 21st Century, horrors like the Holocaust or the Gulag or even an atrocity like Jalianwalla Bag or the Mai Lai massacre will simply not be able to take place anywhere in the world. Such things are not going to happen, or if they do happen, it will be random terrorism and not systematic, large scale genocide of the sort the 20th Century has experienced. The good news is that somehow, through the growth of human ingenuity that we call technical progress, we may have made some moral progress as a species as well.

4. My hypothesis, then, is that while every country finds its place on a spectrum of openness and closedness with respect to its political institutions and availability of information, a broad and permanent drift has been taking place as the 20th Century comes to an end in the direction of openness.

With this greater openness we should expect bad news not to come to be suppressed or good news not to come to be exaggerated in the old ways of propaganda. Instead we should expect more objectively accurate information to come about in the public domain — i.e., better quality and more reliable information, in other words, more truthful information. This in turn commensurately requires more candour and maturity on the part of citizens in discussions about the national or social interest. Closed society totalitarianism permitted the general masses to remain docile and unthinking while the nomenclatura make the decisions. Dostoevsky’s Grand Inquisitor said that is all that can be expected of the masses. Open society transparency and democracy defines the concept of an ordinary citizen and requires from that citizen individual rationality and individual responsibility. It is the requirement Pericles made of the Athenians:

“Here each individual is interested not only in his own affairs but in the affairs of the state as well; even those who are mostly occupied with their own business are extremely well-informed on general politics – this is a peculiarity of ours: we do not say that a man who takes no interest in politics is a man who minds his own business; we say that he has no business here at all.”[3]

5. All this being said, I am at last in a position to turn to economic policy in India today. I am sorry to have been so long-winded and pedantic but now I can state my main substantive point bluntly: in India today, there is almost zero transparency in the information needed for effective macroeconomic policy-making whether at the Union or State levels. To illustrate by some examples.

(A) Macroeconomic policy-making in any large country requires the presence of half a dozen or a dozen well-defined competing models produced by the government and private agencies, specifying plausible causal links between major economic variables, and made testable against time-series data of reasonably long duration. In India we seem to have almost none. The University Economics Departments are all owned by some government or other and can hardly speak out with any academic freedom. When the Ministry of Finance or RBI or Planning Commission, or the India teams of the World Bank or IMF, make their periodic statements they do not appear to be based on any such models or any such data-base. If any such models exist, these need to be published and placed in the public domain for thorough discussion as to their specification and their data. Otherwise, whatever is being predicted cannot be assessed as being very much more reliable than the predictions obtained from the Finance Minister’s astrologer or palmist. (NB: Horse-Manure is a polite word used in the American South for what elsewhere goes by the initials of B. S.). Furthermore, there is no follow-up or critical review to see whether what the Government said was going to happen a year ago has in fact happened, and if not, why not.

(B) The Constitution of India defines many States yet no one seems to be quite certain how many States really constitute the Union of India at any given time. We began with a dozen. Some 565 petty monarchs were successfully integrated into a unitary Republic of India, and for some years we had sixteen States. But today, do we really have 26 States? Is Delhi a State? UP with 150 million people would be the fifth or sixth largest country in the world on its own; is it really merely one State of India? Are 11 Small States de facto Union Territories in view of their heavy dependence on the Union? Suppose we agreed there are fifteen Major States of India based on sheer population size: namely, Andhra, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, MP, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, UP and West Bengal. These States account for 93% of the population of India. The average population of these 15 Major States is 58 million people each. That is the size of a major country like France or Britain. In other words, the 870 million people in India’s Major States are numerically 15 Frances or 15 Britains put together.

Yet no reliable, uniformly collected GDP figures exist for these 15 States. The RBI has the best data, and these are at least two years old, and the RBI will tell you without further explanation that the data across States are not comparable. If that is the case at State-level, I do not see how the national-level Gross Domestic Product can possibly be estimated with any meaningfulness at all.

(C) Then we hear about the Government Budget deficit as a percentage of GDP. Now any national government is able to pay for its activities only by taxation or borrowing or by using its monopoly over the domestic medium of exchange to print new money. In India today, universal money-illusion seems to prevail. It would not be widely recognised by citizens, journalists or policy-makers that, say, 100,000 Rupees nominally taxed at 10% under 20% inflation leaves less real disposable income than the same taxed at 20% with 5% inflation. This is in part because inflation figures are unknown or suspect. There is no reliable all-India or State-level consumer price index. The wholesale price index on the basis of which the Government of India makes its inflation statements, may not accurately reflect the actual decline in the purchasing power of money, as measured, say, by rises in prices of alternative stores of value like land. The index includes artificially low administered or subsidized prices for petroleum, cereals, and electricity. To the extent these prices may be expected to move towards international equilibrium prices, the index contains a strong element of deferred inflation. One urgent task for all macroeconomic research in India is construction of reliable price-data indices at both Union and State levels, or at a minimum, the testing for reliability by international standards of series currently produced by Government agencies.

Without reliable macroeconomic information being spread widely through a reasonably well-informed electorate, the Government of India has been able to wash away fiscal budget constraints by monetization and inflation without significant response from voters. The routine method of meeting deficits has become “the use of the printing press to manufacture legal tender paper money”, either directly by paying Government creditors “with new paper money specially printed for the purpose” or indirectly by paying creditors “out of loans to itself from the Central Bank”, issuing paper money to that amount. Every Budget of the Government of India, including the most recent ones of 1996 and 1997, comes to be attended by detailed Press discussion with regard to the minutae of changes in tax rates or tax-collection — yet the enormous phenomena of the automatic monetization of the Government’s deficit is ill-understood and effectively ignored. Historically, a policy of monetization started with the British Government in India during the Second World War, with a more than five-fold increase in money supply occurring between 1939 and 1945. Inflation rates never seen in India before or since were the result (Charts 0000), attended by the Great Famine of 1942/43. Though these were brought down after succession of C. D. Deshmukh as Governor of the Reserve Bank, the policy of automatic monetization did not cease and continues until the present day. Inflation “sooner or later destroys the confidence, not only of businessmen, but of the whole community, in the future value of the currency. Then comes the stage known as “the flight from the currency.” Had the Rupee been convertible during the Bretton Woods period, depreciation would have signalled and helped to adjust for disequilibrium. But exchange-controls imposed during the War were enlarged by the new Governments of India and Pakistan after the British departure to exclude convertible Sterling Area currencies as well. With the Rupee no longer convertible, internal monetization of deficits could continue without commensurate exchange-rate depreciation.

The Reserve Bank was originally supposed to be a monetary authority independent of the Government’s fiscal compulsions. It has been prevented from developing into anything more than a department of the Ministry of Finance, and as such, has become the captive creditor of the Government. The RBI in turn has utilized its supervisory role over banking to hold captive creditors, especially nationalized banks whose liabilities account for 90% of commercial bank deposits in the country. Also captive are nationalized insurance companies and pension funds. Government debt instruments show on the asset side of these balance-sheets. To the extent these may not have been held had banks been allowed to act in the interests of proper management of depositors’ liabilities and share-capital according to normal principles, these are pseudo-assets worth small fractions of their nominal values. Chart 0000 shows that in the last five years the average term structure of Government debt has been shortening rapidly, suggesting the Government is finding it increasingly difficult to find creditors, and portending higher interest rates.

General recognition of these business facts, as may be expected to come about with increasing transparency, would be a recipe for a crisis of confidence in the banking and financial system if appropriate policies were not in place beforehand.

(D) As two last examples, I offer two charts. The first shows the domestic interest burden of the Government of India growing at an alarming rate, even after it has been deflated to real terms. The second tries to show India’s foreign assets and liabilities together – we always come to know what is happening to the RBI’s reserve levels, what is less known or less understood is the structure of foreign liabilities being accumulated by the country. Very roughly speaking, in terms that everyone can understand, every man, woman and child in India today owes something like 100 US dollars to the outside world. The Ministry of Finance will tell you that this is not to be worried about because it is long-term debt and not short-term debt. Even if we take them at their word, interest payments still have to be paid on long-term debt, say at 3% per annum. That means for the stock of debt merely to be financed, every man, woman and child in India must be earning $3 every year in foreign exchange via the sale of real goods and services abroad. I.e., something like $3 billion must be newly earned every year in foreign exchange merely to finance the existing stock of debt. Quite clearly, that is not happening and it would stretch the imagination to see how it can be made to happen.

In sum, then, India, blessed with democratic political traditions which we had to take from the British against their will — remember Tilak, “Freedom is my birthright, and I shall have it” — may still be stuck with a closed society mentality when it comes to the all-important issue of economic policy. There is simply an absence in Indian public discourse of vigourous discussion of economic models and facts, whether at Union or State levels. A friendly foreign ambassador pointedly observed an absence in India of political philosophy. It may be more accurate to say that without adequate experience of a normal agenda of government being seen to be practised, widespread ignorance regarding fiscal and monetary causalities and inexperience of the technology of governance remains in the Indian electorate, as well as among public decision-makers at all levels. Our politicians seem to spend an inordinate amount of their time either garlanding one another with flowers or garlanding statues and photographs of the glorious dead. It is high time they stopped to think about the living and the future.

[1] Renford Bambrough (ed.) Plato, Popper and Politics: Some Contributions to a Modern Controversy, 1967.

[2] Philosophy, Politics and Society, 2nd Series, Peter Laslett & W. G. Runciman (eds.), 1967.

[3] Thucydides, History of the Pelopennesian War, II.40.

Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform

Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform

Subroto Roy

Author’s Note May 2008: The family of Rajiv Gandhi received a copy of this when it was first written in July 2005. An earlier abbreviated version “Encounter with Rajiv Gandhi: On the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform” was published in October 2001 in Freedom First, Bombay, a journal founded by the late Minoo Masani and now edited by S V Raju. A copy of that article was received by all Congress MPs of the 13th Lok Sabha. In May 2002, the Congress Party passed an official resolution stating Rajiv Gandhi and not Narasimha Rao or Manmohan Singh was to be credited with having originated the 1991 economic reforms. This article has now been published in print in The Statesman Festival Volume, October 2007.  It may be profitably followed by “The Dream Team: A Critique”, “Solving Kashmir”, “Law, Justice & J&K”, “What to tell Musharraf”, “India’s Macroeconomics”, “Fiscal Instability”, “India’s Trade and Payments”, “Fallacious Finance”, “Against Quackery”, etc. My original advisory memoranda to Rajiv in 1990-1991 were published in The Statesman’s Editorial Pages July 31-August 2 1991, and now have been republished elsewhere here as well. See too https://independentindian.com/thoughts-words-deeds-my-work-1973-2010/rajiv-gandhi-and-the-origins-of-indias-1991-economic-reform/did-jagdish-bhagwati-originate-pioneer-intellectually-father-indias-1991-economic-reform-did-manmohan-singh-or-did-i-through-my-e/  https://independentindian.com/2014/08/07/haksar-manmohan-and-sonia/

I met Rajiv Gandhi for the first time on 18th September 1990 thanks to an introduction by S. S. Ray (see “I’m on my way out”: Siddhartha Shankar Ray (1920-2010)… | Independent Indian: Work & Life of Professor Subroto Roy) We met a half dozen or so times until his assassination in May 1991. Yet our encounter was intense and consequential, and resulted directly in the change of the Congress Party’s economic thinking prior to the 1991 elections. I had with me results of an interdisciplinary “perestroika-for-India” project I had led at the University of Hawaii since 1986. This manuscript (later published by Sage as Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s edited by myself and W. E. James) was given by me to Rajiv, then Leader of the Opposition, and was instrumental in the change of thinking that took place. In interests of fairness, I tried to get the work to V. P. Singh too because he was Prime Minister, but a key aide of his showed no interest in receiving it.

The Hawaii project manuscript contained inter alia a memorandum by Milton Friedman done at the request of the Government of India in November 1955, which had been suppressed for 34 years until I published it in May 1989. Milton and Rose Friedman refer to this in their memoirs Two Lucky People (Chicago 1998). Peter Bauer had told me of the existence of Friedman’s document during my doctoral work at Cambridge under Frank Hahn in the late 1970s, as did N. Georgescu-Roegen in America. Those were years in which Brezhnev still ruled in the Kremlin, Gorbachev was yet to emerge, Indira Gandhi and her pro-Moscow advisers were ensconced in New Delhi, and not even the CIA had imagined the Berlin Wall would fall and the Cold War would be over within a decade. It was academic suicide at the time to argue in favour of classical liberal economics even in the West. As a 22-year-old Visiting Assistant Professor at the Delhi School of Economics in 1977, I was greeted with uproarious laughter of senior professors when I spoke of a possible free market in foreign exchange. Cambridge was a place where Indian economists went to study the exploitation of peasants in Indian agriculture before returning to their friends in the well-known bastions of such matters in Delhi and Calcutta. It was not a place where Indian (let alone Bengali) doctoral students in economics mentioned the unmentionable names of Hayek or Friedman or Buchanan, and insisted upon giving their works a hearing.

My original doctoral topic in 1976 “A monetary theory for India” had to be altered not only due to paucity of monetary data at the time but because the problems of India’s political economy and allocation of resources in the real economy were far more pressing. The thesis that emerged in 1982 “On liberty and economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India” was a full frontal assault from the point of view of microeconomic theory on the “development planning” to which everyone routinely declared their fidelity, from New Delhi’s bureaucrats and Oxford’s “development” school to McNamara’s World Bank with its Indian staffers.

Frank Hahn protected my inchoate liberal arguments for India; and when no internal examiner could be found, Cambridge showed its greatness by appointing two externals, Bliss at Oxford and Hutchison at Birmingham, both Cambridge men. “Economic Theory and Development Economics” was presented to the American Economic Association in December 1982 in company of Solow, Chenery and other eminences, and then Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India published by London’s Institute of Economic Affairs, provoking the lead editorial of The Times on May 29 1984. The Indian High Commission sent the editorial to the Finance Ministry where it caused a stir as the first classical liberal attack on post-Mahalonobis Indian economic thought since B. R. Shenoy’s original criticism decades earlier. The “perestroika-for-India” project was to follow at Hawaii starting in 1986. New Delhi was represented at the project’s conference held between May 22-27 1989 by the accredited Ambassador of India to the USA, the accredited Consul General of India to San Francisco, and by the founder-director of ICRIER (see photo).

friedman-et-al-at-uh-india-conf-19891

All this I brought into that first meeting with Rajiv Gandhi on September 18 1990. That first day he came to the door to greet me. He was a handsome tall man with the most charming smile and manner, seemed pleased to see me and put me at ease at once. I gave him my books as well as the manuscript of the “perestroika for India” project. He gave me a celebratory volume that had just been published to mark his grandfather’s centenary. He began by talking about how important he felt panchayati raj was, and said he had been on the verge of passing major legislation on it but then lost the election. He asked me if I could spend some time thinking about it, and that he would get the papers sent to me. I said I would and remarked panchayati raj might be seen as decentralized provision of public goods, and gave the economist’s definition of public goods as those essential for the functioning of the market economy, like the Rule of Law, roads, fresh water, and sanitation, but which were unlikely to appear through competitive forces.

I distinguished between federal, state and local levels and said many of the most significant public goods were best provided locally. Rajiv had not heard the term “public goods” before, and he beamed a smile and his eyes lit up as he voiced the words slowly, seeming to like the concept immensely. It occurred to me he had been by choice a pilot of commercial aircraft. Now he seemed intrigued to find there could be systematic ways of thinking about navigating a country’s governance by common pursuit of reasonable judgement. I said the public sector’s wastefulness had drained scarce resources that should have gone instead to provide public goods. Since the public sector was owned by the public, it could be privatised by giving away its shares to the public, preferably to panchayats of the poorest villages. The shares would become tradable, drawing out black money, and inducing a historic redistribution of wealth while at the same time achieving greater efficiency by transferring the public sector to private hands. Rajiv seemed to like that idea too, and said he tried to follow a maxim of Indira Gandhi’s that every policy should be seen in terms of how it affected the common man. I wryly said the common man often spent away his money on alcohol, to which he said at once it might be better to think of the common woman instead. (This remark of Rajiv’s may have influenced the “aam admi” slogan of the 2004 election, as all Congress Lok Sabha MPs of the previous Parliament came to receive a previous version of the present narrative.)

Our project had identified the Congress’s lack of internal elections as a problem; when I raised it, Rajiv spoke of how he, as Congress President, had been trying to tackle the issue of bogus electoral rolls. I said the judiciary seemed to be in a mess due to the backlog of cases; many of which seemed related to land or rent control, and it may be risky to move towards a free economy without a properly functioning judicial system or at least a viable system of contractual enforcement. I said a lot of problems which should be handled by the law in the courts in India were instead getting politicised and decided on the streets. Rajiv had seen the problems of the judiciary and said he had good relations with the Chief Justice’s office, which could be put to use to improve the working of the judiciary.

The project had worked on Pakistan as well, and I went on to say we should solve the problem with Pakistan in a definitive manner. Rajiv spoke of how close his government had been in 1988 to a mutual withdrawal from Siachen. But Zia-ul-Haq was then killed and it became more difficult to implement the same thing with Benazir Bhutto, because, he said, as a democrat, she was playing to anti-Indian sentiments while he had found it somewhat easier to deal with the military. I pressed him on the long-term future relationship between the countries and he agreed a common market was the only real long-term solution. I wondered if he could find himself in a position to make a bold move like offering to go to Pakistan and addressing their Parliament to break the impasse. He did not say anything but seemed to think about the idea. Rajiv mentioned a recent Time magazine cover of Indian naval potential, which had caused an excessive stir in Delhi. He then talked about his visit to China, which seemed to him an important step towards normalization. He said he had not seen (or been shown) any absolute poverty in China of the sort we have in India. He talked about the Gulf situation, saying he did not disagree with the embargo of Iraq except he wished the ships enforcing the embargo had been under the U.N. flag. The meeting seemed to go on and on, and I was embarrassed at perhaps having taken too much time and that he was being too polite to get me to go. V. George had interrupted with news that Sheila Dixit (as I recall) had just been arrested by the U. P. Government, and there were evidently people waiting. Just before we finally stood up I expressed a hope that he was looking to the future of India with an eye to a modern political and economic agenda for the next election, rather than getting bogged down with domestic political events of the moment. That was the kind of hopefulness that had attracted many of my generation in 1985. I said I would happily work in any way to help define a long-term agenda. His eyes lit up and as we shook hands to say goodbye, he said he would be in touch with me again.

The next day I was called and asked to stay in Delhi for a few days, as Mr. Gandhi wanted me to meet some people. I was not told whom I was to meet but that there would be a meeting on Monday, 24th September. On Saturday, the Monday meeting was postponed to Tuesday because one of the persons had not been able to get a flight into Delhi. I pressed to know what was going on, and was told I was to meet former army chief K.V. Krishna Rao, former foreign secretary M. K. Rasgotra, V. Krishnamurty and Sam Pitroda.

The group met for the first time on September 25 in the afternoon. Rasgotra did not arrive. Krishna Rao, Pitroda, Krishnamurty and I gathered in the waiting room next to George’s office. The three of them knew each other but none knew me and I was happy enough to be ignored. It seemed mysterious while we were gathering, especially when the tall well-dressed General arrived, since none of us knew why we had been called by Rajiv, and the General remarked to the others he had responded at once to the call to his home but could not get a flight into Delhi for a day.

Rajiv’s residence as Leader of the Opposition had a vast splendid meeting room, lined with high bookshelves on one or two walls, a large handsome desk on one side, two spacious comfortable sofa sets arranged in squares, and a long conference table with leather chairs occupying most of the rest of the room. The entrance to it was via a small 10 ft by 10 ft air-conditioned anteroom, where George sat, with a fax machine, typewriters and a shredding machine, plus several telephones, and a used copy of parliamentary procedures on the shelf. Getting to George’s office was the final step before reaching Rajiv. There were several chairs facing George, and almost every prospective interviewee, no matter how senior or self-important, had to move from one chair to the next, while making small talk with George, as the appointment with Rajiv drew near. Opening into George’s office was a larger and shabbier waiting room, which is where we sat, which was not air-conditioned, and which opened to the outside of the building where a plainclothes policeman sometimes stood around with a walkie-talkie. There were large photographs of Mahatma Gandhi, Nehru and Indira Gandhi on the wall, and a modern print also hung incongruously. A dozen or more plastic chairs lined the walls. There were faded torn issues of a few old magazines on the plastic coffee-table, and on one occasion there was a television playing the new sporadic domestic cable news and weather information for the entertainment of the many visitors waiting. Via this waiting room went the vast majority of people who were to meet Rajiv in his office. To reach the waiting room, one had to walk a hundred yards along a path lined by splendid high hedges from the initial reception desk at the rear-gate, manned by Congress Seva Dal volunteers in khadi wearing Gandhi-caps. These persons were in touch with George’s office by telephone, and would check with George or his assistant Balasubramaniam before sending a visitor along. The visitor would then pass through a metal-detector manned by a couple of policemen. If someone’s face came to be known and had been cleared once, or if someone acted to the policemen like a sufficiently important political personage, such a person seemed to be waved through. Outside, the front-entrance of the premises were closed unless extremely important people were entering or exiting, while at the rear-entrance there were usually two or three jeeps and several plainclothes policemen, who might or might not challenge the prospective visitor with a kind of “Who goes there?” attitude before the visitor reached the Seva Dal reception desk. The whole arrangement struck me from the first as insecure and inefficient, open to penetration by professional assassins or a terrorist squad, let aside insiders in the way Indira Gandhi had been assassinated. I could not imagine counter-terrorist commandos would suddenly appear from the high hedges in the event of an emergency.

On that Tuesday when Rajiv finally called in our group, we entered hesitantly not knowing quite what the meeting was going to be about. Rajiv introduced me to the others and then spoke of why he had gathered us together. He wanted us to come up with proposals and recommendations for the direction the country should take on an assumption the Congress Party was returned to power in the near future. He said it would help him to have an outside view from specialists who were not party functionaries, though the others obviously had been closely involved with Congress governments before. Rajiv said we were being asked to write a draft of what may enter the manifesto for the next election, which we should assume to be forthcoming by April 1991. I asked what might have become of the “perestroika” manuscript I had given him at our previous meeting. He said he had gotten it copied and bound, and that along with my 1984 monograph, it had been circulated among a few of his party colleagues who included P. Chidambaram and Mani Shankar Aiyar.

The initial meeting left us breathless and excited. Yet within a few days, the others became extremely tied up for personal causes, and I found myself alone in getting on with doing what we had been explicitly asked to do. I felt I should get done what I could in the time I had while keeping the others informed. Rajiv had said to me at our first meeting that he felt the Congress was ready for elections. This did not seem to me to be really the case. He actually seemed very isolated in his office, with George seeming to be his conduit to the outside world. I decided to start by trying to write a definite set of general principles that could guide and inform thought about the direction of policy. I spent the evening of October 26 in the offices at Rajiv’s residence, preparing an economic policy memorandum on a portable Toshiba computer of his, the first laptop I ever used. After Rajiv’s assassination, this was part of what was published in The Statesmen’s center pages July 31-August 2, 1991.

Rajiv read the work and met me on October 30 or 31, even though he was down badly with a sore throat after his sadbhavana travels around the country; he looked odd clad in khadi with a muffler and gym shoes. He said he liked very much what I had written and had given it to be read by younger Congress leaders who would discuss it for the manifesto, for an election he again said, he expected early in 1991. I said I was grateful for his kind words and inquired whom he had shown the work to. This time he said Chidambaram and also mentioned another name that made me wince. In December 1990, I was back in Hawaii when I was called on the phone to ask whether I could come to Delhi. With the rise of Chandrashekhar as Prime Minister, Rajiv had called a meeting of the group. But I could not go.

In January 1991, the Gulf War brought an odd twist to my interaction with Rajiv. On January 15, the UN deadline for the withdrawal of Iraq from Kuwait passed without Iraqi compliance, and American-led forces started the heavy aerial bombardment of Iraq. The American media had built up the impending war as one of utter devastation and mass killing, especially when the American infantry became engaged. Estimated casualties on the American side alone were being wildly exaggerated by the number of “body-bags” being ordered by the Pentagon. An even larger conflagration was being imagined if Israel entered the fighting, while Saddam Hussein had vowed to set fire to Kuwait’s oil-fields before retreating. I like everyone else erroneously believed the media’s hyperbole about the impending regional catastrophe. On January 16, just after the bombing of Iraq had begun, I called an American family friend who had retired from a senior foreign policy role and who had known me from when I was an infant. In informal conversation, I mentioned to him that since other channels had by then become closed, an informal channel might be attempted via India, specifically via Rajiv who was still Leader of the Opposition but on whom the Chandrashekhar Government depended. The sole aim would be to compel an immediate Iraqi withdrawal without further loss of life. What transpired over the next few days was that a proposal to that effect was communicated at Rajiv’s decision to a high level of the Iraqis on the one hand, and evidently received their assent, while at the same time, it was mentioned to the authorities on the American side. But nothing came of it. Rajiv initiated a correspondence with Chandrashekhar beginning January 19, demanding a coherent formulation of Indian policy in the Gulf war, and faxed me copies of this. By February 8, the Times of India led by saying Rajiv’s stand “on the Gulf War demonstrates both his experience and perspicacity … in consonance with an enlightened vision of national interest”, and urged Rajiv to “give the nation some respite from [the] non-government” of Chandrashekhar. I taped my phone conversations with Rajiv during the Gulf War because notes could not be taken at the necessary speed; in late December 1991, I was to give his widow a copy of the tape for her personal record.

I returned to Delhi on Monday, March 18, 1991 as new elections had been announced. Rasgotra said I should be in touch with Krishna Rao, and the next day March 19 Krishna Rao met me for several hours. I told him what I thought were the roots and results of the Gulf war. He in turn generously told me what had happened while I had been away. He said the group had met Rajiv in December with the proposal that Rajiv better organize his time by having an “office manager” of larger political stature than George. The name of a UP Congressman of integrity had been put forward, but nothing had come of it. Rajiv had been advised to keep Chandrashekhar in power through the autumn of 1991, as Chandrashekhar was doing Rajiv’s work for him of sidelining V. P. Singh. The idea was to cooperate with Chandrashekhar until he could be pushed up to the Presidency when that fell vacant. Rajiv had been advised not to work in a Chandrashekhar cabinet, though in my opinion, had we been like the Scandinavians, it was not impossible for a former prime minister to enter another cabinet on the right terms in the national interest of providing stable government, which was imperative at the time. Things seem to have slipped out of control when Chandrashekhar resigned. At that point, Rajiv called the group together and instructed them to write a draft of the manifesto for the impending elections. I had advised readiness back in September but the lack of organization had prevented much tangible progress at the time. Our group was to now report to a political manifesto-committee of three senior party leaders who would report to Rajiv. They were Narasimha Rao, Pranab Mukherjee and Madhavsingh Solanki. Krishna Rao liased with Narasimha Rao, Krishnamurty with Mukherjee, Pitroda with Solanki. While Rajiv would obviously lead a new Congress Government, Mukherjee was the presumptive Finance Minister, while Narasimha Rao and Solanki would have major portfolios though Narasimha Rao was expected to retire before too long.

Krishna Rao said I should be in touch with Krishnamurty who was preparing the economic chapters of the draft of the manifesto. Krishnamurty told me he had brought in A. M. Khusro to the group, and there would be a 5 p.m. meeting at Khusro’s office at the Aga Khan Foundation. I arrived early and was delighted to meet Khusro, and he seemed pleased to meet me. Khusro seemed excited by my view that India and Pakistan were spending excessively on defence against each other, which resonated with his own ideas, and he remarked the fiscal disarray in India and Pakistan could start to be set right by mutually agreed cuts in military spending. (Khusro was eventually to accompany Prime Minister Vajpayee to Lahore in 1999).

Krishnamurty had prepared a draft dated March 18 of several pages of the economic aspects of the manifesto. After our discussions, Krishnamurty was hospitable enough to open the draft to improvement. That evening, the 19th, I worked through the night and the next morning to get by noon copies of a revised version with all the members of the group. At 4 p.m. on the 20th there was a meeting at Andhra Bhavan of the whole group except Pitroda, which went on until the night. The next day the 21st , Krishnamurty, Khusro and I met again at Andhra Bhavan for a few hours on the economic aspects of the draft. Then in mid-afternoon I went to Rasgotra’s home to work with him and Krishna Rao. They wanted me to produce the economic draft which they could then integrate as they wished into the material they were dictating to a typist. I offered instead to absorb their material directly on to my laptop computer where the economic draft was. Rasgotra was reluctant to let go control, and eventually I gave in and said I would get them a hard copy of the economic draft, which they then planned to re-draft via a stenographer on a typewriter. At this, Rasgotra gave in and agreed to my solution. So the work began and the three of us continued until late.

That night Krishna Rao dropped me at Tughlak Road where I used to stay with friends. In the car I told him, as he was a military man with heavy security cover for himself as a former Governor of J&K, that it seemed to me Rajiv’s security was being unprofessionally handled, that he was vulnerable to a professional assassin. Krishna Rao asked me if I had seen anything specific by way of vulnerability. With John Kennedy and De Gaulle in mind, I said I feared Rajiv was open to a long-distance sniper, especially when he was on his campaign trips around the country.

This was one of several attempts I made since October 1990 to convey my clear impression to whomever I thought might have an effect that Rajiv seemed to me extremely vulnerable. Rajiv had been on sadhbhavana journeys, back and forth into and out of Delhi. I had heard he was fed up with his security apparatus, and I was not surprised given it seemed at the time rather bureaucratized. It would not have been appropriate for me to tell him directly that he seemed to me to be vulnerable, since I was a newcomer and a complete amateur about security issues, and besides if he agreed he might seem to himself to be cowardly or have to get even closer to his security apparatus. Instead I pressed the subject relentlessly with whomever I could. I suggested specifically two things: (a) that the system in place at Rajiv’s residence and on his itineraries be tested, preferably by some internationally recognized specialists in counter-terrorism; (b) that Rajiv be encouraged to announce a shadow-cabinet. The first would increase the cost of terrorism, the second would reduce the potential political benefit expected by terrorists out to kill him. On the former, it was pleaded that security was a matter being run by the V. P. Singh and then Chandrashekhar Governments at the time. On the latter, it was said that appointing a shadow cabinet might give the appointees the wrong idea, and lead to a challenge to Rajiv’s leadership. This seemed to me wrong, as there was nothing to fear from healthy internal contests for power so long as they were conducted in a structured democratic framework. I pressed to know how public Rajiv’s itinerary was when he travelled. I was told it was known to everyone and that was the only way it could be since Rajiv wanted to be close to the people waiting to see him and had been criticized for being too aloof. This seemed to me totally wrong and I suggested that if Rajiv wanted to be seen as meeting the crowds waiting for him then that should be done by planning to make random stops on the road that his entourage would take. This would at least add some confusion to the planning of potential terrorists out to kill him. When I pressed relentlessly, it was said I should probably speak to “Madame”, i.e. to Mrs. Rajiv Gandhi. That seemed to me highly inappropriate, as I could not be said to be known to her and I should not want to unduly concern her in the event it was I who was completely wrong in my assessment of the danger. The response that it was not in Congress’s hands, that it was the responsibility of the V. P. Singh and later the Chandrashekhar Governments, seemed to me completely irrelevant since Congress in its own interests had a grave responsibility to protect Rajiv Gandhi irrespective of what the Government’s security people were doing or not doing. Rajiv was at the apex of the power structure of the party, and a key symbol of secularism and progress for the entire country. Losing him would be quite irreparable to the party and the country. It shocked me that the assumption was not being made that there were almost certainly professional killers actively out to kill Rajiv Gandhi — this loving family man and hapless pilot of India’s ship of state who did not seem to have wished to make enemies among India’s terrorists but whom the fates had conspired to make a target. The most bizarre and frustrating response I got from several respondents was that I should not mention the matter at all as otherwise the threat would become enlarged and the prospect made more likely! This I later realized was a primitive superstitious response of the same sort as wearing amulets and believing in Ptolemaic astrological charts that assume the Sun goes around the Earth — centuries after Kepler and Copernicus. Perhaps the entry of scientific causality and rationality is where we must begin in the reform of India’s governance and economy. What was especially repugnant after Rajiv’s assassination was to hear it said by his enemies that it marked an end to “dynastic” politics in India. This struck me as being devoid of all sense because the unanswerable reason for protecting Rajiv Gandhi was that we in India, if we are to have any pretensions at all to being a civilized and open democratic society, cannot tolerate terrorism and assassination as means of political change. Either we are constitutional democrats willing to fight for the privileges of a liberal social order, or ours is truly a primitive and savage anarchy concealed beneath a veneer of fake Westernization.

The next day, Friday March 22, I worked from dawn to get the penultimate draft to Krishna Rao before noon as planned the night before. Rasgotra arrived shortly, and the three of us worked until evening to finish the job. I left for an hour to print out copies for a meeting of the entire group, where the draft we were going to submit would come to be decided. When I got back I found Rasgotra had launched an extended and quite unexpected attack on what had been written on economic policy. Would someone like Manmohan Singh, Rasgotra wanted to know, agree with all this talk we were putting in about liberalization and industrial efficiency? I replied I did not know what Manmohan Singh’s response would be but I knew he had been in Africa heading something called the South-South Commission for Julius Nyrere of Tanzania. I said what was needed was a clear forceful statement designed to restore India’s credit-worthiness, and the confidence of international markets. I said that the sort of thing we should aim for was to make clear, e.g. to the IMF’s man in Delhi when that person read the manifesto, that the Congress Party at least knew its economics and was planning to make bold new steps in the direction of progress. I had argued the night before with Rasgotra that on foreign policy we should “go bilateral” with good strong ties with individual countries, and drop all the multilateral hogwash. But I did not wish to enter into a fight on foreign policy which he was writing, so long as the economic policy was left the way we said. Krishnamurty, Khusro and Pitroda came to my defence saying the draft we had done greatly improved on the March 18 draft. For a bare half hour or so with all of us present, the draft was agreed upon. Later that night at Andhra Bhavan, I gave Krishna Rao the final copy of the draft manifesto which he was going to give Narasimha Rao the next day, and sent a copy to Krishnamurty who was liaising with Pranab Mukherjee. Pitroda got a copy on a floppy disc the next day for Solanki.

In its constructive aspects, the March 22 1991 draft of the Congress manifesto went as follows with regard to economic policy: “CHAPTER V AGENDA FOR ECONOMIC ACTION 1. Control of Inflation …. The Congress believes the inflation and price-rise of essential commodities… is a grave macroeconomic problem facing the country today. It has hit worst the poorest and weakest sections of our people and those with fixed incomes like pensioners. The Congress will give highest priority to maintaining the prices of essential commodities, increasing their production and supply using all appropriate economic instruments. 2. Macroeconomic Policy Framework To control inflation of the general price-level, the Congress will provide a predictable long-term policy framework. The average Indian household and business will not have their lives and plans disrupted by sudden changes in economic policy. Coherent monetary policy measures will be defined as called for by the Report of Experts of the Reserve Bank of India in 1985. The Long-Term Fiscal Policy introduced by the Congress Government of 1984-1989 will be revived. Medium and long-term export-import policies will be defined. The basis for a strong India must be a strong economy. The Congress believes a high rate of real growth is essential for securing a strong national defence, social justice and equity, and a civilized standard of living for all. As the party of self-reliance, Congress believes resources for growth must be generated from within our own economy. This means all wasteful and unproductive Government spending has to be cut, and resources transferred from areas of low priority to areas of high national priority. Subsidies have to be rationalized and reduced, and productivity of investments already made has to be improved. The widening gap between revenue receipts and revenue expenditure must be corrected through fiscal discipline, and the growing national debt brought under control as a matter of high priority. These policies in a consistent framework will create the environment for the freeing of the rupee in due course, making it a hard currency of the world of which our nation can be proud. Public resources are not unlimited. These have to be allocated to high priority areas like essential public services, poverty-reduction, strategic sectors, and protection of the interests of the weaker sections of society. Government has to leave to the initiative and enterprise of the people what can be best done by themselves. Government can now progressively vacate some areas of activity to the private, cooperative and non-government sectors. Black money in the parallel economy has become the plague of our economic and political system. This endangers the social and moral fabric of our nation. Artificial price controls, excessive licensing, capacity restrictions, outmoded laws on rent control and urban ceiling, and many other outdated rules and regulations have contributed to pushing many honest citizens into dishonest practices. The Congress will tackle the problem of black money at its roots by attacking all outmoded and retrograde controls, and simplifying procedures in all economic spheres. At the same time, the tax-base of the economy must be increased via simplification and rationalization of tax-rates and coverage, user-fees for public goods, and reduction of taxes wherever possible to improve incentives and stimulate growth. 3. Panchayati Raj India’s farmers and khet mazdoors are the backbone of our economy. Economic development is meaningless until their villages provide them a wholesome rural life. The Congress will revitalize Panchayat Raj institutions to decentralize decision-making, so development can truly benefit local people most effectively. 4. Rural Development Basic economic infrastructure like roads, communications, fresh drinking water, and primary health and education for our children must reach all our villages. The Congress believes such a policy will also relieve pressures from migration on our towns and cities…… Through the Green Revolution which the Congress pioneered over 25 years, our farmers have prospered. Now our larger farmers must volunteer to contribute more to the national endeavour, and hence to greater equity and overall economic development. Equity demands land revenue should be mildly graduated so that small farmers holding less than one acre pay less land revenue per acre…. 9. Education and Health The long-run prosperity of our nation depends on the general state of education, health and well-being of our people. Small families give themselves more choice and control over their own lives. Improving female literacy, promoting the welfare of nursing mothers and reducing infant mortality will have a direct bearing on reducing the birth-rate and improving the health and quality of all our people. Primary and secondary education has high social returns and is the best way in the long-run for achievement of real equality. Efforts will be made to reduce the cost of education for the needy through concessional supply of books and other study materials, scholarships and assistance for transportation and residential facilities. The Congress Party pledges to dedicate itself to promoting education, especially in rural areas and especially for girls and the weaker sections of society. The next Congress Government will prepare and launch a 10-year programme for introduction of free and compulsory primary education for all children of school age. It will continue to emphasize vocational bias in education, integrating it closely with employment opportunities…. 11. Industrial Efficiency Our industrial base in the private and public sectors are the core of our economy. What we have achieved until today has been creditable, and we are self-reliant in many areas. Now the time has come for industry to provide more efficiency and better service and product-quality for the Indian consumer. The public sector has helped the Indian economy since Independence and many national goals have been achieved. Now it has become imperative that the management of public sector units is made effective, and their productivity increased. Major steps must be taken for greater accountability and market-orientation. Failure to do this will make our country lose more and more in the international economy. Budgetary support will be given only for public sector units in the core and infrastructure sectors. Emphasis will be on improving performance and productivity of existing investments, not on creating added organizations or over manning. Units not in the core sector will be privatised gradually. Even in core sectors like Telecommunications, Power, Steel and Coal, incremental needs can be taken care of by the private sector. The Government-Enterprise interface must be properly defined in a White Paper. The Congress believes privatisation must distribute the profits equitably among the people of India. In order to make our public enterprises truly public, it is essential that the shares of many such enterprises are widely held by the members of the general public and workers. Congress pledges to allot a proportion of such shares to the rural Panchayats and Nagarpalikas. This will enhance their asset-base and yield income for their development activities, as well as improve income-distribution. 12. Investment and Trade Indian industry, Government and professional managers are now experienced enough to deal with foreign companies on an equal footing, and channel direct foreign investment in desired directions. Foreign companies often bring access to advanced technological know-how, without which the nation cannot advance. The Congress Government will formulate a pragmatic policy channelling foreign investment into areas important to the national interest. Every effort must be made also to encourage Indians who are outside India to invest in the industry, trade and real estate of their homeland. Because of the protected and inflationary domestic market, Indian industry has become complacent and the incentive for industrial exports has been weakened. When all production is comfortably absorbed at home, Indian industry makes the effort to venture into exports only as a last resort. This must change. A Congress Government will liberalize and deregulate industry to make it competitive and export-oriented, keeping in mind always the interests of the Indian consumer in commercial policy. Export-oriented and predictable commercial policies will be encouraged. Existing procedural constraints and bottlenecks will be removed. Quotas and tariffs will be rationalized. Thrust areas for export-development will be identified and monitored. Efforts will be made to develop a South Asian Community. Trade and economic cooperation among South Asian countries must be increased and simplified.”

This March 22 1991 draft of the Congress’s intended economic policies got circulated and discussed, and from it rumours and opinions appeared that Congress was planning to launch a major economic reform in India. Economic Times said the manifesto “is especially notable for its economic agenda” and Business Standard said “if party manifestos decide election battles” Congress must be “considered home and dry”. A senior IMF official told me three years later the manifesto had indeed seemed a radical and bold move in the direction of progress, which had been exactly our intended effect. When I met Manmohan Singh at the residence of S. S. Ray in September 1993 in Washington, Ray told him and his senior aides the Congress manifesto had been written on my computer. Manmohan Singh smiled and said that when Arjun Singh and other senior members of the Congress had challenged him in the cabinet, he had pointed to the manifesto. Yet, oddly enough, while the March 22 draft got discussed and circulated, and the Indian economic reform since July 1991 corresponded in fundamental ways to its contents as reproduced above, the actual published Congress manifesto in April 1991 was as tepid and rhetorical as usual, as if some party hack had before publication put in the usual nonsense about e.g. bringing down inflation via price-controls. Certainly the published manifesto was wholly undistinguished in its economic aspects, and had nothing in it to correspond to the bold change of attitude towards economic policy that actually came to be signalled by the 1991 Government.

On March 23, our group was to meet Rajiv at noon. There was to be an event in the inner lawns of Rajiv’s residence in the morning, where he would launch Krishna Rao’s book on India’s security. Krishna Rao had expressly asked me to come but I had to wait outside the building patiently, not knowing if it was a mistake or if it was deliberate. This was politics after all, and I had ruffled feathers during my short time there. While I waited, Rajiv was speaking to a farmers’ rally being held at grounds adjoining his residence, and there appeared to be thousands of country folk who had gathered to hear him. When it was over, Rajiv, smiling nervously and looking extremely uncomfortable, was hoisted atop people’s shoulders and carried back to the residence by his audience. As I watched, my spine ran cold at the thought that any killer could have assassinated him with ease in that boisterous crowd, right there in the middle of Delhi outside his own residence. It was as if plans for his security had been drawn up without any strategic thinking underlying them.

Krishna Rao arrived and graciously took me inside for his book launch. The event was attended by the Congress’s top brass, including Narasimha Rao whom I met for the first time, as well as foreign military attaches and officers of the Indian armed forces. The attaché of one great power went about shaking hands and handing out his business card to everyone. I stood aside and watched. Delhi felt to me that day like a sieve, as if little could be done without knowledge of the embassies. One side wanted to sell arms, aircraft or ships, while the other wanted trips abroad or jobs or green cards or whatever for their children. And I thought Islamabad would be worse — could India and Pakistan make peace in this fetid ether?

Proceedings began when Rajiv arrived. This elite audience mobbed him just as the farmers had mobbed him earlier. He saw me and beamed a smile in recognition, and I smiled back but made no attempt to draw near him in the crush. He gave a short very apt speech on the role the United Nations might have in the new post-Gulf War world. Then he launched the book, and left for an investiture at Rashtrapati Bhavan. We waited for our meeting with him, which finally happened in the afternoon. Rajiv was plainly at the point of exhaustion and still hard-pressed for time. He seemed pleased to see me and apologized for not talking in the morning. Regarding the March 22 draft, he said he had not read it but that he would be doing so. He said he expected the central focus of the manifesto to be on economic reform, and an economic point of view in foreign policy, and in addition an emphasis on justice and the law courts. I remembered our September 18 conversation and had tried to put in justice and the courts into our draft but had been over-ruled by others. I now said the social returns of investment in the judiciary were high but was drowned out again. Rajiv was clearly agitated that day by the BJP and blurted out he did not really feel he understood what on earth they were on about. He said about his own family, “We’re not religious or anything like that, we don’t pray every day.” I felt again what I had felt before, that here was a tragic hero of India who had not really wished to be more than a happy family man until he reluctantly was made into a national leader against his will. We were with him for an hour or so. As we were leaving, he said quickly at the end of the meeting he wished to see me on my own and would be arranging a meeting. One of our group was staying back to ask him a favour. Just before we left, I managed to say to him what I felt was imperative: “The Iraq situation isn’t as it seems, it’s a lot deeper than it’s been made out to be.” He looked at me with a serious look and said “Yes I know, I know.” It was decided Pitroda would be in touch with each of us in the next 24 hours. During this time Narasimha Rao’s manifesto committee would read the draft and any questions they had would be sent to us. We were supposed to be on call for 24 hours. The call never came. Given the near total lack of system and organization I had seen over the months, I was not surprised. Krishna Rao and I waited another 48 hours, and then each of us left Delhi. Before going I dropped by to see Krishnamurty, and we talked at length. He talked especially about the lack of the idea of teamwork in India. Krishnamurty said he had read everything I had written for the group and learned a lot. I said that managing the economic reform would be a critical job and the difference between success and failure was thin.

I got the afternoon train to Calcutta and before long left for America to bring my son home for his summer holidays with me. In Singapore, the news suddenly said Rajiv Gandhi had been killed. All India wept. What killed him was not merely a singular act of criminal terrorism, but the system of humbug, incompetence and sycophancy that surrounds politics in India and elsewhere. I was numbed by rage and sorrow, and did not return to Delhi. Eleven years later, on 25 May 2002, press reports said “P. V. Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh lost their place in Congress history as architects of economic reforms as the Congress High command sponsored an amendment to a resolution that had laid credit at the duo’s door. The motion was moved by…. Digvijay Singh asserting that the reforms were a brainchild of the late Rajiv Gandhi and that the Rao-Singh combine had simply nudged the process forward.” Rajiv’s years in Government, like those of Indira Gandhi, were in fact marked by profligacy and the resource cost of poor macroeconomic policy since bank-nationalisation may be as high as Rs. 125 trillion measured in 1994 rupees. Certainly though it was Rajiv Gandhi as Leader of the Opposition in his last months who was the principal architect of the economic reform that came to begin after his passing.

Announcement of My “Hahn Seminar”, 1976 November 17

Frank Hahn believed in throwing students in at the deep end — or so it seemed to me when, within weeks of my arrival at Cambridge as a 21 year old Research Student, he insisted I present my initial ideas on the foundations of monetary theory at his weekly seminar. I was petrified but somehow managed to give a half-decent lecture before a standing-room only audience in what used to be called the “Keynes Room” in the Cambridge Economics Department.

(It helped that a few months earlier, as a final year undergraduate at the LSE, I had been required to give a lecture at ACL Day’s Seminar on international monetary economics. It is a practice I came to follow with my students in due course, as there may be no substitute in learning how to think while standing up.)

I shall try to publish exactly what I said at my Hahn-seminar when I find the document; broadly, it had to do with the crucial problem Hahn had identified a dozen years earlier in Patinkin’s work by asking what was required for the price of money to be positive in a general equilibrium, i.e. why do people everywhere hold and use money when it is intrinsically worthless.  Patinkin’s utility function had real money balances appearing along with other goods;  Hahn’s “On Some Problems of Proving the Existence of an Equilibrium in a Monetary Economy” in Theory of Interest Rates (1965), was the decisive criticism of this, where he showed that Patinkin’s formulation could not ensure a non-zero price for money in equilibrium. Hence Patinkin’s was a model in which money might not be held and therefore failed a vital requirement of a monetary economy.

The announcement of my seminar was scribbled by a young  Cambridge lecturer named Oliver Hart, later a distingushed member of MIT and Harvard University.

 

Alfred Marshall (1842-1924)

Alfred Marshall (1842-1924), founder of modern economics, master of Maynard Keynes, concluding his 1885 Inaugural Lecture: “It will be my most cherished ambition, my highest endeavour, to do what with my poor ability and my limited strength I may, to increase the numbers of those, whom Cambridge, the great mother of strong men, sends out into the world with cool heads but warm hearts, willing to give some at least of their best powers to grappling with the social suffering around them; resolved not to rest content till they have done what in them lies to discover how far it is possible to open up to all the material means of a refined and noble life”.