Did Jagdish Bhagwati “originate”, “pioneer”, “intellectually father” India’s 1991 economic reform? Did Manmohan Singh? Or did I, through my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi, just as Siddhartha Shankar Ray told Manmohan & his aides in Sep 1993 in Washington? Judge the evidence for yourself. And why has Amartya Sen misdescribed his work? India’s right path forward today remains what I said in my 3 Dec 2012 Delhi lecture!

August 23, 2013 — drsubrotoroy

Did Jagdish Bhagwati “originate”, “pioneer”, “intellectually father” India’s 1991 economic reform? Did Manmohan Singh? Or did I, through my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi, just as Siddhartha Shankar Ray told Manmohan & his aides in Sep 1993 in Washington? Judge the evidence for yourself. And why has Amartya Sen misdescribed his work? India’s right path forward today remains what I said in my 3 Dec 2012 Delhi lecture!

[See also “I’m on my way out”: Siddhartha Shankar Ray (1920-2010)…An Economist’s Tribute”; “Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform”; “Three Memoranda to Rajiv Gandhi 1990-1991″

Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s edited by Subroto Roy & William E James, 1986-1992… pdf copy uploaded 2021

Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s, edited by William E James & Subroto Roy, 1986-1993… pdf copy uploaded 2021

Critique of Amartya Sen: A Tragedy of Plagiarism, Fake News, Dissimulation

Part I: Facts vs Fiction, Flattery, Falsification, etc

1. Problem

2. Rajiv Gandhi, Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Milton Friedman & Myself

3. Jagdish Bhagwati & Manmohan Singh? That just don’t fly!

4. Amartya Sen’s Half-Baked Communism: “To each according to his need”?

Part II: India’s Right Road Forward Now: Some Thoughtful Analysis for Grown Ups

5. Transcending a Left-Right/Congress-BJP Divide in Indian Politics

6. Budgeting Military & Foreign Policy

7. Solving the Kashmir Problem & Relations with Pakistan

8. Dealing with Communist China

9. Towards Coherence in Public Accounting, Public Finance & Public Decision-Making

10. India’s Money: Towards Currency Integrity at Home & Abroad

Part I: Facts vs Fiction, Flattery, Falsification, etc

1. Problem

Arvind Panagariya says in the Times of India of 27 July 2013

“…if in 1991 India embraced many of the Track-I reforms, writings by Sen played no role in it… The intellectual origins of the reforms are to be found instead in the writings of Bhagwati, both solely and jointly with Padma Desai and T N Srinivasan….”

Now Amartya Sen has not claimed involvement in the 1991 economic reforms so we are left with Panagariya claiming

“The intellectual origins of the reforms are to be found instead in the writings of Bhagwati…”

Should we suppose Professor Panagariya’s master and co-author Jagdish Bhagwati himself substantially believes and claims the same? Three recent statements from Professor Bhagwati suffice by way of evidence:

(A) Bhagwati said to parliamentarians in the Lok Sabha on 2 December 2010 about the pre-1991 situation:

“This policy framework had been questioned, and its total overhaul advocated, by me and Padma Desai in writings through the late 1960s which culminated in our book, India: Planning for Industrialization (Oxford University Press: 1970) with a huge blowback at the time from virtually all the other leading economists and policymakers who were unable to think outside the box. In the end, our views prevailed and the changes which would transform the economy began, after an external payments crisis in 1991, under the forceful leadership of Prime Minister Manmohan Singh who was the Finance Minister at the time….”

**(B) Bhagwati said to Economic Times on 28 July 2013:**

“When finance minister Manmohan Singh was in New York in 1992, he had a lunch for many big CEOs whom he was trying to seduce to come to India. He also invited me and my wife, Padma Desai, to the lunch. As we came in, the FM introduced us to the invitees and said: ‘These friends of mine wrote almost a quarter century ago [India: Planning for Industrialisation was published in 1970 by Oxford] recommending all the reforms we are now undertaking. If we had accepted the advice then, we would not be having this lunch as you would already be in India’.”

**(C) And Bhagwati said in Business Standard of 9 August 2013:**

“… I was among the intellectual pioneers of the Track I reforms that transformed our economy and reduced poverty, and witness to that is provided by the Prime Minister’s many pronouncements and by noted economists like Deena Khatkhate.. I believe no one has accused Mr. Sen of being the intellectual father of these reforms. So, the fact is that this huge event in the economic life of India passed him by…”

From these pronouncements it seems fair to conclude Professors Bhagwati and Panagariya are claiming Bhagwati has been the principal author of “the intellectual origins” of India’s 1991 reforms, has been their “intellectual father” or at the very least has been “among the intellectual pioneers” of the reform (“among” his own collaborators and friends, since none else is mentioned). Bhagwati has said too his friend Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister participated in the process while quoting Manmohan as having said Bhagwati was the principal author.

Bhagwati’s opponent in current debate, Amartya Sen, has been in agreement with him that Manmohan, their common friend during college days at Cambridge in the 1950s, was a principal originating the 1991 reforms, saying to Forbes in 2006:

“When Manmohan Singh came to office in the early 1990s as the newly appointed finance minister, in a government led by the Congress Party, he knew these problems well enough, as someone who had been strongly involved in government administration for a long time.”

In my experience, such sorts of claims, even in their weakest form, have been, at best, scientifically sloppy and unscholarly, at worst mendacious suppressio veri/suggestio falsi, and in between these best and worst interpretations, examples of academic self-delusion and mutual flattery. We shall see Bhagwati’s opponent, Amartya Sen, has denied academic paternity of recent policies he has spawned while appearing to claim academic paternity of things he has not! Everyone may have reasonably expected greater self-knowledge, wisdom and scholarly values of such eminent academics. Their current spat has instead seemed to reveal something rather dismal and self-serving.

You can decide for yourself where the truth, ever such an elusive and fragile thing, happens to be and what is best done about it. Here is some evidence.

2. Rajiv Gandhi, Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Milton Friedman & Myself

Professor Arvind Panagariya is evidently an American economics professor of Indian national origin who holds the Jagdish Bhagwati Chair of Indian Political Economy at Columbia University. I am afraid I had not known his name until he mentioned my name in Economic Times of 24 October 2001. He said

In mentioning the volume “edited by Subroto Roy and William E James”, Professor Panagariya did not appear to find the normal scientific civility to identify our work by name, date or publisher. So here that is now:

This was a book published in 1992 by the late Tejeshwar Singh for Sage. It resulted from the University of Hawaii Manoa perestroika-for-India project, that I and Ted James created and led between 1986 and 1992/93. (Yes, Hawaii — not Stanford, Harvard, Yale, Columbia or even Penn, whose India-policy programs were Johnny-come-latelies a decade or more later…) There is a sister-volume too on Pakistan, created by a parallel project Ted and I had led at the same time (both now in pdf):

In 2004 from Britain, I wrote to the 9/11 Commission saying if our plan to study Afghanistan after India and Pakistan had not been thwarted by malign local forces among our sponsors themselves, we, a decade before the September 11 2001 attacks on the USA, may just have come up with a pre-emptive academic analysis. It was not to be.

Milton Friedman’s chapter that we published for the first time was a memorandum he wrote in November 1955 for the Government of India which the GoI had effectively suppressed. I came to know of it while a doctoral student at Cambridge under Frank Hahn, when at a conference at Oxford about 1979-1980, Peter Tamas Bauer sat me down beside him and told me the story. Later in Blacksburg about 1981, N. Georgescu-Roegen on a visit from Vanderbilt University told me the same thing. Specifically, Georgescu-Roegen told me that leading Indian academics had almost insulted Milton in public which Milton had borne gamely; that after Milton had given a talk in Delhi to VKRV Rao’s graduate-students, a talk Georgescu-Roegen had been present at, VKRV Rao had addressed the students and told them in all seriousness “You have heard what Professor Friedman has to say, if you repeat what he has said in your exams, you will fail”.

In 1981-1982 my doctoral thesis emerged, titled “On liberty & economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”,

My late great master in economic theory, Frank Hahn (1925-2013), found what I had written to be a “good thesis” bringing “a good knowledge of economics and of philosophy to bear on the literature on economic planning”, saying I had shown “a good knowledge of economic theory” and my “critique of Development Economics was powerful not only on methodological but also on economic theory grounds”.

I myself said about it decades later “My original doctoral topic in 1976 ‘A monetary theory for India’ had to be altered not only due to paucity of monetary data at the time but because the problems of India’s political economy and allocation of resources in the real economy were far more pressing. The thesis that emerged in 1982 … was a full frontal assault from the point of view of microeconomic theory on the “development planning” to which everyone routinely declared their fidelity, from New Delhi’s bureaucrats and Oxford’s “development” school to McNamara’s World Bank with its Indian staffers. Frank Hahn protected my inchoate liberal arguments for India; and when no internal examiner could be found, Cambridge showed its greatness by appointing two externals, Bliss at Oxford and Hutchison at Birmingham, both Cambridge men. “Economic Theory and Development Economics” was presented to the American Economic Association in December 1982 in company of Solow, Chenery, Streeten, and other eminences…” How I landed on that eminent AEA panel in December 1982 was because its convener Professor George Rosen of the University of Illinois recruited me overnight — as a replacement for Jagdish Bhagwati, who had had to return to India suddenly because of a parental death. The results were published in 1983 in World Development.

Soon afterwards, London’s Institute of Economic Affairs published Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India. This slim work (now in pdf) was the first classical liberal critique of post-Mahalonobis Indian economic thought since BR Shenoy’s original criticism decades earlier. It became the subject of The Times’ lead editorial on its day of publication 29 May 1984 — provoking the Indian High Commission in London to send copies to the Finance Ministry in Delhi where it apparently caused a stir, or so I was told years later by Amaresh Bagchi who was a recipient of it at the Ministry.

The Times had said

“When Mr. Dennis Healey in the Commons recently stated that Hongkong, with one per cent of the population of India has twice India’s trade, he was making an important point about Hongkong but an equally important point about India. If Hongkong with one per cent of its population and less than 0.03 per cert of India’s land area (without even water as a natural resource) can so outpace India, there must be something terribly wrong with the way Indian governments have managed their affairs, and there is. A paper by an Indian economist published today (Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India by Subroto Roy, IEA £1.80) shows how Asia’s largest democracy is gradually being stifled by the imposition of economic policies whose woeful effect and rhetorical unreality find their echo all over the Third World. As with many of Britain’s former imperial possessions, the rot set in long before independence. But as with most of the other former dependencies, the instrument of economic regulation and bureaucratic control set up by the British has been used decisively and expansively to consolidate a statist regime which inhibits free enterprise, minimizes economic success and consolidates the power of government in all spheres of the economy. We hear little of this side of things when India rattles the borrowing bowl or denigrates her creditors for want of further munificence. How could Indian officials explain their poor performance relative to Hongkong? Dr Roy has the answers for them. He lists the causes as a large and heavily subsidized public sector, labyrinthine control over private enterprise, forcibly depressed agricultural prices, massive import substitution, government monopoly of foreign exchange transactions, artificially overvalued currency and the extensive politicization of the labour market, not to mention the corruption which is an inevitable side effect of an economy which depends on the arbitrament of bureaucrats. The first Indian government under Nehru took its cue from Nehru’s admiration of the Soviet economy, which led him to believe that the only policy for India was socialism in which there would be “no private property except in a restricted sense and the replacement of the private profit system by a higher ideal of cooperative service.” Consequently, the Indian government has now either a full monopoly or is one of a few oligipolists in banking, insurance, railways, airlines, cement, steel, chemicals, fertilizers, ship-building, breweries, telephones and wrist-watches. No businessman can expand his operation while there is any surplus capacity anywhere in that sector. He needs government approval to modernize, alter his price-structure, or change his labour shift. It is not surprising that a recent study of those developing countries which account for most manufactured exports from the Third World shows that India’s share fell from 65 percent in 1953 to 10 per cent in 1973; nor, with the numerous restrictions on inter-state movement of grains, that India has over the years suffered more from an inability to cope with famine than during the Raj when famine drill was centrally organized and skillfully executed without restriction. Nehru’s attraction for the Soviet model has been inherited by his daughter, Mrs. Gandhi. Her policies have clearly positioned India more towards the Soviet Union than the West. The consequences of this, as Dr Roy states, is that a bias can be seen in “the antipathy and pessimism towards market institutions found among the urban public, and sympathy and optimism to be found for collectivist or statist ones.” All that India has to show for it is the delivery of thousands of tanks in exchange for bartered goods, and the erection of steel mills and other heavy industry which help to perpetuate the unfortunate obsession with industrial performance at the expense of agricultural growth and the relief of rural poverty.”…..

**I felt there were inaccuracies in this and so replied dated 4 June which The Times published on 16 June 1984:**

Milton and I met for the first time in the Fall of 1984 at the Mont Pelerin Society meetings at Cambridge when I gave him a copy of the IEA monograph, which he came to think extremely well of. I told him I had heard of his 1955 document and asked him for it; he sent me the original blue/purple version of this soon thereafter.

[That original document was, incidentally, in my professorial office among all my books, papers, theses and other academic items including my gown when I was attacked in 2003 by a corrupt gang at IIT Kharagpur — all yet to be returned to me by IIT despite a High Court order during my present ongoing battle against corruption there over a USD 1.9 million scam !… Without having ever wished to, I have had to battle India’s notorious corruption first hand for a decade!]

I published Milton’s document for the first time on 21 May 1989 at the conference of the Hawaii project over the loud objection of assorted leftists…

Amartya Sen, Jagdish Bhagwati, Manmohan Singh or any of their acolytes will not be seen in this group photograph dated 21 May 1989 at the UH President’s House, because they were not there. The Government of India was represented by the Ambassador to Washington, PK Kaul, as well as the Consul General in San Francisco, KS Rana (later Ambassador to Germany), besides the founding head of ICRIER who had invited himself.

Manmohan Singh was not there as he precisely represented the Indian economic policy establishment I had been determined to reform! In any case, he had left India about 1987 on his last assignment before retirement, with Julius Nyerere of Tanzania relating to the “South-South Commission”.

I have said over more than a half dozen years now that there is no evidence whatsoever of Manmohan Singh having been a liberal economist in any sense of that word at any time before 1991, and scant evidence that he originated any liberal economic ideas since. The widespread worldwide notion that he is to be credited for originating a sudden transformation of India from a path of pseudo-socialism to one of pseudo-liberalism has been without basis in evidence — almost entirely a political fiction, though an explicable one and one which has served, as such political fictions do, the purposes of those who invent them.

Jagdish Bhagwati and Amartya Sen were in their mid 50s and were two of the three senior-most Indians in US academic economics at the time. I and Ted James, both in our 30s, decided to invite both Bhagwati and Sen to the Hawaii project-conference as distinguished guests but to do so somewhat insincerely late in the day, predicting they would decline, which is what they did, yet they had come to be formally informed of what we were doing. We had a very serious attitude that was inspired a bit, I might say, by Oppenheimer’s secret “Manhattan project” and we wanted neither press-publicity nor anyone to become the star who ended up hogging the microphone or the limelight.

Besides, and most important of all, neither Bhagwati nor Sen had done work in the areas we were centrally interested in, namely, India’s macroeconomic and foreign trade framework and fiscal and monetary policies.

Bhagwati, after his excellent 1970 work with Padma Desai for the OECD on Indian industry and trade, also co-authored with TN Srinivasan a fine 1975 volume for the NBER Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: India.

TN Srinivasan was the third of the three senior-most Indian economists at the time in US academia; his work made us want to invite him as one of our main economic authors, and we charged him with writing the excellent chapter in Foundations that he came to do titled “Planning and Foreign Trade Reconsidered”.

The other main economist author we had hoped for was Sukhamoy Chakravarty from Delhi University and the Government of India’s Planning Commission, whom I had known since 1977 when I had been given his office at the Delhi School of Economics as a Visiting Assistant Professor while he was on sabbatical; despite my pleading he would not come due to ill health; he strongly recommended C Rangarajan, telling me Rangarajan had been the main author with him of the crucial 1985 RBI report on monetary policy; and he signed and gave me his last personal copy of that report dating it 14 July 1987. Rangarajan said he could not come and recommended the head of the NIPFP, Amaresh Bagchi, promising to write jointly with him the chapter on monetary policy and public finance.

Along with Milton Friedman’s suppressed 1955 memorandum which I was publishing for the first time in 1989, TN Srinivasan and Amaresh Bagchi authored the three main economic policy chapters that we felt we wanted.

Other chapters we commissioned had to do with the state of governance (James Manor), federalism (Bhagwan Dua), Punjab and similar problems (PR Brass), agriculture (K Subbarao, as proposed by CH Hanumantha Rao), health (Anil Deolalikar, through open advertisement), and a historical assessment of the roots of economic policy (BR Tomlinson, as proposed by Anil Seal). On the vital subject of education we failed to agree with the expert we wanted very much (JBG Tilak, as proposed by George Psacharopolous) and so we had to cover the subject cursorily in our introduction mentioning his work. And decades later, I apologised to Professor Dietmar Rothermund of Heidelberg University for having been so blinkered in the Anglo-American tradition at the time as to not having obtained his participation in the project.

[The sister-volume we commissioned in parallel on Pakistan’s political economy had among its authors Francis Robinson, Akbar Ahmed, Shirin Tahir-Kehli, Robert La Porte, Shahid Javed Burki, Mohsin Khan, Mahmood Hasan Khan, Naved Hamid, John Adams and Shahrukh Khan; this book came to be published in Pakistan in 1993 to good reviews but apparently was then lost by its publisher and is yet to be found; the military and religious clergy had been deliberately not invited by us though the name of Pervez Musharraf had I think arisen, and the military and religious clergy in fact came to rule the roost through the 1990s in Pakistan; the volume, two decades old, takes on fresh relevance with the new civilian governments of recent years.] [Postscript 27 November 2015: See my strident critique at Twitter of KM Kasuri, P Musharraf et al e.g. at https://independentindian.com/2011/11/22/pakistans-point-of-view-or-points-of-view-on-kashmir-my-as-yet-undelivered-lahore-lecture-part-i/ passing off ideas they have taken from this volume without acknowledgement, ideas which have in any case become defunct to their author, myself.]

Milton himself said this about his experience with me in his memoirs:

And Milton wrote on my behalf when I came to be attacked, being Indian, at the very University that had sponsored us:

My obituary notice at his passing in 2006 said: “My association with Milton has been the zenith of my engagement with academic economics…. I was a doctoral student of his bitter enemy yet for over two decades he not only treated me with unfailing courtesy and affection, he supported me in lonely righteous battles: doing for me what he said he had never done before, which was to stand as an expert witness in a United States Federal Court. I will miss him much though I know that he, as a man of reason, would not have wished me to….”

In August 1990 in Delhi I came to tell Siddhartha Shankar Ray about the unpublished India-manuscript resulting from the Hawaii project that was in my possession as it headed to its publisher.

Ray was a family-friend whose maternal grandfather CR Das led the Congress Party before MK Gandhi and had been a friend and colleague of my great grandfather SN Roy in Bengal’s politics in the 1920s; Ray had also consented to stand on my behalf as Senior Counsel in a matter in the Supreme Court of India.

Ray was involved in daily political parlays at his Delhi home with other Congress Party personages led by PV Narasimha Rao. These senior regional figures seemed to me to be keeping their national leader, Rajiv Gandhi, aloof in splendid isolation at 10 Jan Path.

Ray told me he and his wife had been in London in May 1984 on the day The Times had written its lead editorial on my work and they had seen it with excitement. Upon hearing of the Hawaii project and the manuscript I had with me, Ray immediately insisted of his own accord that I must meet Rajiv Gandhi, and that he would be arranging a meeting.

Hence it came to be a month later that a copy of the manuscript of the completed Hawaii project was be given by my hand on 18 September 1990 to Rajiv Gandhi, then Leader of the Opposition and Congress President, an encounter I have quite fully described elsewhere. I offered to get a copy to the PM, VP Singh, too but a key aide of his showed no interest in receiving it.

Rajiv made me a senior adviser, and I have claimed principal authorship of the 22 March 1991 draft of the Congress manifesto that actually shook and changed the political thinking of the Congress on economic matters in the direction Rajiv had desired and as I had advised him at our initial 18 September 1990 meeting.

“… He began by talking about how important he felt panchayati raj was, and said he had been on the verge of passing major legislation on it but then lost the election. He asked me if I could spend some time thinking about it, and that he would get the papers sent to me. I said I would and remarked panchayati raj might be seen as decentralized provision of public goods, and gave the economist’s definition of public goods as those essential for the functioning of the market economy, like the Rule of Law, roads, fresh water, and sanitation, but which were unlikely to appear through competitive forces.

I distinguished between federal, state and local levels and said many of the most significant public goods were best provided locally. Rajiv had not heard the term “public goods” before, and he beamed a smile and his eyes lit up as he voiced the words slowly, seeming to like the concept immensely. It occurred to me he had been by choice a pilot of commercial aircraft. Now he seemed intrigued to find there could be systematic ways of thinking about navigating a country’s governance by common pursuit of reasonable judgement. I said the public sector’s wastefulness had drained scarce resources that should have gone instead to provide public goods. Since the public sector was owned by the public, it could be privatised by giving away its shares to the public, preferably to panchayats of the poorest villages. The shares would become tradable, drawing out black money, and inducing a historic redistribution of wealth while at the same time achieving greater efficiency by transferring the public sector to private hands. Rajiv seemed to like that idea too, and said he tried to follow a maxim of Indira Gandhi’s that every policy should be seen in terms of how it affected the common man. I wryly said the common man often spent away his money on alcohol, to which he said at once it might be better to think of the common woman instead. (This remark of Rajiv’s may have influenced the “aam admi” slogan of the 2004 election, as all Congress Lok Sabha MPs of the previous Parliament came to receive a previous version of the present narrative.)

Our project had identified the Congress’s lack of internal elections as a problem; when I raised it, Rajiv spoke of how he, as Congress President, had been trying to tackle the issue of bogus electoral rolls. I said the judiciary seemed to be in a mess due to the backlog of cases; many of which seemed related to land or rent control, and it may be risky to move towards a free economy without a properly functioning judicial system or at least a viable system of contractual enforcement. I said a lot of problems which should be handled by the law in the courts in India were instead getting politicised and decided on the streets. Rajiv had seen the problems of the judiciary and said he had good relations with the Chief Justice’s office, which could be put to use to improve the working of the judiciary.

The project had worked on Pakistan as well, and I went on to say we should solve the problem with Pakistan in a definitive manner. Rajiv spoke of how close his government had been in 1988 to a mutual withdrawal from Siachen. But Zia-ul-Haq was then killed and it became more difficult to implement the same thing with Benazir Bhutto, because, he said, as a democrat, she was playing to anti-Indian sentiments while he had found it somewhat easier to deal with the military. I pressed him on the long-term future relationship between the countries and he agreed a common market was the only real long-term solution. I wondered if he could find himself in a position to make a bold move like offering to go to Pakistan and addressing their Parliament to break the impasse. He did not say anything but seemed to think about the idea. Rajiv mentioned a recent Time magazine cover of Indian naval potential, which had caused an excessive stir in Delhi. He then talked about his visit to China, which seemed to him an important step towards normalization. He said he had not seen (or been shown) any absolute poverty in China of the sort we have in India. He talked about the Gulf situation, saying he did not disagree with the embargo of Iraq except he wished the ships enforcing the embargo had been under the U.N. flag. The meeting seemed to go on and on, and I was embarrassed at perhaps having taken too much time and that he was being too polite to get me to go. V. George had interrupted with news that Sheila Dixit (as I recall) had just been arrested by the U. P. Government, and there were evidently people waiting. Just before we finally stood up I expressed a hope that he was looking to the future of India with an eye to a modern political and economic agenda for the next election, rather than getting bogged down with domestic political events of the moment. That was the kind of hopefulness that had attracted many of my generation in 1985. I said I would happily work in any way to help define a long-term agenda. His eyes lit up and as we shook hands to say goodbye, he said he would be in touch with me again…. The next day I was called and asked to stay in Delhi for a few days, as Mr. Gandhi wanted me to meet some people…..

… That night Krishna Rao dropped me at Tughlak Road where I used to stay with friends. In the car I told him, as he was a military man with heavy security cover for himself as a former Governor of J&K, that it seemed to me Rajiv’s security was being unprofessionally handled, that he was vulnerable to a professional assassin. Krishna Rao asked me if I had seen anything specific by way of vulnerability. With John Kennedy and De Gaulle in mind, I said I feared Rajiv was open to a long-distance sniper, especially when he was on his campaign trips around the country. This was one of several attempts I made since October 1990 to convey my clear impression to whomever I thought might have an effect that Rajiv seemed to me extremely vulnerable. Rajiv had been on sadhbhavana journeys, back and forth into and out of Delhi. I had heard he was fed up with his security apparatus, and I was not surprised given it seemed at the time rather bureaucratized. It would not have been appropriate for me to tell him directly that he seemed to me to be vulnerable, since I was a newcomer and a complete amateur about security issues, and besides if he agreed he might seem to himself to be cowardly or have to get even closer to his security apparatus. Instead I pressed the subject relentlessly with whomever I could. I suggested specifically two things: (a) that the system in place at Rajiv’s residence and on his itineraries be tested, preferably by some internationally recognized specialists in counter-terrorism; (b) that Rajiv be encouraged to announce a shadow-cabinet. The first would increase the cost of terrorism, the second would reduce the potential political benefit expected by terrorists out to kill him. On the former, it was pleaded that security was a matter being run by the V. P. Singh and then Chandrashekhar Governments at the time. On the latter, it was said that appointing a shadow cabinet might give the appointees the wrong idea, and lead to a challenge to Rajiv’s leadership. This seemed to me wrong, as there was nothing to fear from healthy internal contests for power so long as they were conducted in a structured democratic framework. I pressed to know how public Rajiv’s itinerary was when he travelled. I was told it was known to everyone and that was the only way it could be since Rajiv wanted to be close to the people waiting to see him and had been criticized for being too aloof. This seemed to me totally wrong and I suggested that if Rajiv wanted to be seen as meeting the crowds waiting for him then that should be done by planning to make random stops on the road that his entourage would take. This would at least add some confusion to the planning of potential terrorists out to kill him. When I pressed relentlessly, it was said I should probably speak to “Madame”, i.e. to Mrs. Rajiv Gandhi. That seemed to me highly inappropriate, as I could not be said to be known to her and I should not want to unduly concern her in the event it was I who was completely wrong in my assessment of the danger. The response that it was not in Congress’s hands, that it was the responsibility of the VP Singh and later the Chandrashekhar Governments, seemed to me completely irrelevant since Congress in its own interests had a grave responsibility to protect Rajiv Gandhi irrespective of what the Government’s security people were doing or not doing. Rajiv was at the apex of the power structure of the party, and a key symbol of secularism and progress for the entire country. Losing him would be quite irreparable to the party and the country. It shocked me that the assumption was not being made that there were almost certainly professional killers actively out to kill Rajiv Gandhi — this loving family man and hapless pilot of India’s ship of state who did not seem to have wished to make enemies among India’s terrorists but whom the fates had conspired to make a target. The most bizarre and frustrating response I got from several respondents was that I should not mention the matter at all as otherwise the threat would become enlarged and the prospect made more likely! This I later realized was a primitive superstitious response of the same sort as wearing amulets and believing in Ptolemaic astrological charts that assume the Sun goes around the Earth — centuries after Kepler and Copernicus. Perhaps the entry of scientific causality and rationality is where we must begin in the reform of India’s governance and economy. What was especially repugnant after Rajiv’s assassination was to hear it said by his enemies that it marked an end to “dynastic” politics in India. This struck me as being devoid of all sense because the unanswerable reason for protecting Rajiv Gandhi was that we in India, if we are to have any pretensions at all to being a civilized and open democratic society, cannot tolerate terrorism and assassination as means of political change. Either we are constitutional democrats willing to fight for the privileges of a liberal social order, or ours is truly a primitive and savage anarchy concealed beneath a veneer of fake Westernization….. Proceedings began when Rajiv arrived. This elite audience mobbed him just as the farmers had mobbed him earlier. He saw me and beamed a smile in recognition, and I smiled back but made no attempt to draw near him in the crush. He gave a short very apt speech on the role the United Nations might have in the new post-Gulf War world. Then he launched the book, and left for an investiture at Rashtrapati Bhavan. We waited for our meeting with him, which finally happened in the afternoon. Rajiv was plainly at the point of exhaustion and still hard-pressed for time. He seemed pleased to see me and apologized for not talking in the morning. Regarding the March 22 draft, he said he had not read it but that he would be doing so. He said he expected the central focus of the manifesto to be on economic reform, and an economic point of view in foreign policy, and in addition an emphasis on justice and the law courts. I remembered our September 18 conversation and had tried to put in justice and the courts into our draft but had been over-ruled by others. I now said the social returns of investment in the judiciary were high but was drowned out again. Rajiv was clearly agitated that day by the BJP and blurted out he did not really feel he understood what on earth they were on about. He said about his own family, “We’re not religious or anything like that, we don’t pray every day.” I felt again what I had felt before, that here was a tragic hero of India who had not really wished to be more than a happy family man until he reluctantly was made into a national leader against his will. We were with him for an hour or so. As we were leaving, he said quickly at the end of the meeting he wished to see me on my own and would be arranging a meeting. One of our group was staying back to ask him a favour. Just before we left, I managed to say to him what I felt was imperative: “The Iraq situation isn’t as it seems, it’s a lot deeper than it’s been made out to be.” He looked at me with a serious look and said “Yes I know, I know.” It was decided Pitroda would be in touch with each of us in the next 24 hours. During this time Narasimha Rao’s manifesto committee would read the draft and any questions they had would be sent to us. We were supposed to be on call for 24 hours. The call never came. Given the near total lack of system and organization I had seen over the months, I was not surprised. Krishna Rao and I waited another 48 hours, and then each of us left Delhi. Before going I dropped by to see Krishnamurty, and we talked at length. He talked especially about the lack of the idea of teamwork in India. Krishnamurty said he had read everything I had written for the group and learned a lot. I said that managing the economic reform would be a critical job and the difference between success and failure was thin….”

“… I got the afternoon train to Calcutta and before long left for America to bring my son home for his summer holidays with me. In Singapore, the news suddenly said Rajiv Gandhi had been killed. All India wept. What killed him was not merely a singular act of criminal terrorism, but the system of humbug, incompetence and sycophancy that surrounds politics in India and elsewhere. I was numbed by rage and sorrow, and did not return to Delhi….”

In December 1991, I visited Rajiv’s widow at 10 Jan Path to express my condolences, the only time I have met her, and I gave her for her records a taped copy of Rajiv’s long-distance telephone conversations with me during the Gulf War earlier that year. She seemed an extremely shy taciturn figure in deep mourning, and I do not think the little I said to her about her late husband’s relationship with me was comprehended. Nor was it the time or place for more to be said.

In September 1993, at a special luncheon at the Indian Ambassador’s Residence in Washington, Siddhartha Shankar Ray, then the Ambassador to Washington, pointed at me and declared to Manmohan Singh, then Finance Minister, in presence of Manmohan’s key aides accompanying him including MS Ahluwalia, NK Singh, C Rangarajan and others,

“Congress manifesto was written on his computer”.

This was accurate enough to the extent that the 22 March 1991 draft as asked for by Rajiv and that came to explicitly affect policy had been and remains on my then-new NEC laptop.

At the Ambassador’s luncheon, I gave Manmohan Singh a copy of the Foundations book as a gift. My father who knew him in the early 1970s through MG Kaul, ICS, had sent him a copy of my 1984 IEA monograph which Manmohan had acknowledged. And back in 1973, he had visited our then-home at 14 Rue Eugene Manuel in Paris to advise me about economics at my father’s request, and he and I had ended up in a fierce private debate for about forty minutes over the demerits (as I saw them) and merits (as he saw them) of the Soviet influence on Indian economic policy-making. But in 1993 we had both forgotten the 1973 meeting.

In May 2002, the Congress passed an official party resolution moved by Digvijay Singh in presence of PV Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh that the 1991 reforms had originated with Rajiv Gandhi and not with either Narasimha Rao or Manmohan; no one dissented. It was intended to flatter Sonia Gandhi as the Congress President, but there was truth in it too which all Congress MPs of the 13th Lok Sabha had come to know in a publication of mine they had received from me at IIT Kharagpur where since 1996 I had become Professor.

Manmohan Singh himself, to his credit, has not at any point, except once during his failed Lok Sabha bid, claimed the reforms as his own invention and has said always he had followed what his Prime Minister had told him. However, he has not been averse to being attributed with all the credit by his flatterers, by the media, by businessmen and many many others around the world, and certainly he did not respond to Ambassador Siddhartha Shankar Ray telling him and his key aides how the Congress-led reform had come about through my work except to tell me at the 1993 luncheon that when Arjun Singh criticised the reforms in Cabinet, he, Manmohan, would mention the manifesto.

On 28 December 2009, Rajiv’s widow in an official Congress Party statement finally declared her late husband

“left his personal imprint on the (Congress) party’s manifesto of 1991.″

How Sonia Gandhi, who has never had pretensions to knowledge of economics or political economy or political science or governance or history, came to place Manmohan Singh as her prime ministerial candidate and the font of economic and political wisdom along with Pranab Mukherjee, when both men hardly had been favourites of her late husband, would be a story in its own right. And how Amartya Sen’s European-origin naturalised Indian co-author Jean Drèze later came to have policy influence from a different direction upon Sonia Gandhi, also a naturalised Indian of European origin, may be yet another story in its own right, perhaps best told by themselves.

I would surmise the same elderly behind-the-scenes figure, now in his late 80s, had a hand in setting up both sets of influences — directly in the first case (from back in 1990-1991), and indirectly in the second case (starting in 2004) . This was a man who in a November 2007 newspaper article literally erased my name and inserted that of Manmohan Singh as part of the group that Rajiv created on 25 September following his 18 September meeting with me! Reluctantly, I had to call this very elderly man a liar; he has not denied it and knows he has not been libeled.

One should never forget the two traditional powers interested in the subcontinent, Russia and Britain, have been never far from influence in Delhi. In 1990-1991 what worried vested bureaucratic and business interests and foreign powers through their friends and agents was that they could see change was coming to India but they wanted to be able to control it themselves to their advantage, which they then broadly proceeded to do over the next two decades. The foreign weapons’ contracts had to be preserved, as did other big-ticket imports that India ends up buying needlessly on credit it hardly has in world markets. There are similarities to what happened in Russia and Eastern Europe where many apparatchiks and fellow-travellers became freedom-loving liberals overnight; in the Indian case more than one badly compromised pro-USSR senior bureaucrat promptly exported his children and savings to America and wrapped themselves in the American flag.

The stubborn unalterable fact remains that Manmohan Singh was not physically present in India and was still with the Nyerere project on 18 September 1990 when I met Rajiv for the first time and gave him the unpublished results of the UH-Manoa project. This simple straightforward fact is something the Congress Party, given its own myths and self-deception and disinformation, has not been able to cope with in its recently published history. For myself, I have remained loyal to my memory of my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi, and my understanding of him. The Rajiv Gandhi I knew had been enthused by me in 1990-1991 carrying the UH-Manoa perestroika-for-India project that I had led since 1986, and he had loved my advice to him on 18 September 1990 that he needed to modernise the party by preparing a coherent agenda (as other successful reformers had done) while still in Opposition waiting for elections, and to base that agenda on commitments to improving the judiciary and rule of law, stopping the debauching of money, and focusing on the provision of public goods instead. Rajiv I am sure wanted a modern and modern-minded Congress — not one which depended on him let aside his family, but one which reduced that dependence and let him and his family alone.

As for Manmohan Singh being a liberal or liberalising economist, there is no evidence publicly available of that being so from his years before or during the Nyerere project, or after he returned and joined the Chandrashekhar PMO and the UGC until becoming, to his own surprise as he told Mark Tully, PV Narasimha Rao’s Finance Minister. Some of his actions qua Finance Minister were liberalising in nature but he did not originate any basic idea of a change in a liberal direction of economic policy, and he has, with utmost honesty honestly, not claimed otherwise. Innumerable flatterers and other self-interested parties have made out differently, creating what they have found to be a politically useful fiction; he has yet to deny them.

Siddhartha Shankar Ray and I met last in July 2009, when I gave him a copy of this 2005 volume I had created, which pleased him much.

I said to him Bengal’s public finances were in abysmal condition, calling for emergency measures financially, and that Mamata Banerjee seemed to me to be someone who knew how to and would dislodge the Communists from their entrenched misgovernance of decades but she did not seem quite aware that dislodging a bad government politically was not the same thing as knowing how to govern properly oneself. He, again of his own accord, said immediately,

“I will call her and her people to a meeting here so you can meet them and tell them that directly”.

It never transpired. In our last phone conversation I mentioned to him my plans of creating a Public Policy Institute — an idea he immediately and fully endorsed as being essential though adding “I can’t be part of it, I’m on my way out”.

“I’m on my way out”. That was Siddhartha Shankar Ray — always intelligent, always good-humoured, always public-spirited, always a great Indian, my only friend among politicians other than the late Rajiv Gandhi himself.

In March February 2010, my father and I called upon the new Bengal Governor, MK Narayanan and gave him a copy of the Thatcher volume for the Raj Bhavan Library; I told him the story about my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi thanks to Siddhartha Shankar Ray and its result; Narayanan within a few days made a visit to Ray’s hospital-bed, and when he emerged after several hours he made a statement, which in substance he repeated again when Ray died in November 2010:

“There are few people in post-Independence India who could equal his magnificent contribution to India’s growth and progress”.

To what facts did MK Narayanan, a former Intelligence Bureau chief, mean to refer with this extravagant praise of Ray? Was Narayanan referring to Ray’s politics for Indira Gandhi? To Ray’s Chief Ministership of Bengal? To Ray’s Governorship of Punjab? You will have to ask him but I doubt that was what he meant: I surmise Narayanan’s eulogy could only have resulted after he confirmed with Ray on his hospital-bed the story I had told him, and that he was referring to the economic and political results that followed for the country once Ray had introduced me in September 1990 to Rajiv Gandhi. But I say again, you will have to ask MK Narayanan himself what he and Ray talked about in hospital and what was the factual basis of Narayanan’s precise words of praise. To what facts exactly was MK Narayanan, former intelligence chief, meaning to refer when he stated Siddhartha Shankar Ray had made a “magnificent contribution to India’s growth and progress”?

3. Jagdish Bhagwati & Manmohan Singh? That just don’t fly!

Now returning to the apparent desire of Professor Panagariya, the Jagdish Bhagwati Professor of Indian Political Economy at Columbia, to attribute to Jagdish Bhagwati momentous change for the better in India as of 1991, even if Panagariya had not the scientific curiosity to look into our 1992 book titled Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s or into Milton Friedman’s own 1998 memoirs, we may have expected him to at least turn to his co-author and Columbia colleague, Jagdish Bhagwati himself, and ask, “Master, have you heard of this fellow Subroto Roy by any chance?”

Jagdish would have had to say yes, since not only had he received a copy of the proofs of my 1984 IEA work Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India, he was kind enough to write in a letter dated 15 May 1984 that I had

“done an excellent job of setting out the problems afflicting our economic policies, unfortunately government-made problems!”

Also Jagdish may or may not have remembered our only meeting, when he and I had had a long conversation on the sofas in the foyer of the IMF in Washington when I was a consultant there in 1993 and he had come to meet someone; he was surprisingly knowledgeable about my personal 1990 matter in the Supreme Court of India which astonished me until he told me his brother the Supreme Court judge had mentioned the case to him!

Now my 1984 work was amply scientific and scholarly in fully crediting a large number of works in the necessary bibliography, including Bhagwati’s important work with his co-authors. Specifically, Footnote 1 listed the literature saying:

“The early studies notably include: B. R. Shenoy, `A note of dissent’, Papers relating to the formulation of the Second Five-Year Plan, Government of India Planning Commission, Delhi, 1955; Indian Planning and Economic Development, Asia Publishing, Bombay, 1963, especially pp. 17-53; P. T. Bauer, Indian Economic Policy and Development, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1961; M. Friedman, unpublished memorandum to the Government of India, November 1955 (referred to in Bauer, op. cit., p. 59 ff.); and, some years later, Sudha Shenoy, India : Progress or Poverty?, Research Monograph 27, Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1971. Some of the most relevant contemporary studies are: B. Balassa, `Reforming the system of incentives in World Development, 3 (1975), pp. 365-82; `Export incentives and export performance in developing countries: a comparative analysis’, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 114 (1978), pp. 24-61; The process of industrial development and alternative development strategies, Essays in International Finance No. 141, Princeton University, 1980; J. N. Bhagwati & P. Desai, India: Planning for Industrialisation, OECD, Paris : Oxford University Press, 1970; `Socialism and Indian Economic Policy’, World Development, 3 (1975), pp. 213-21; J. N. Bhagwati & T. N. Srinivasan, Foreign-trade Regimes and Economic Development: India, National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1975; Anne O. Krueger, `Indian planning experience’, in T. Morgan et al. (eds.), Readings in Economic Development, Wadsworth, California, 1963, pp. 403-20; `The political economy of the rent-seeking society, American Economic Review, 64 (June 1974); The Benefits and Costs of Import-Substitution in India: a Microeconomic Study, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 1975; Growth, distortions and patterns of trade among many countries, Studies in International Finance, Princeton University, 1977; Uma Lele, Food grain marketing in India : private performance and public policy, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, 1971; T. W. Schultz (ed.), Distortions in agricultural incentives, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1978; V. Sukhatme, “The utilization of high-yielding rice and wheat varieties in India: an economic assessment”, University of Chicago PhD thesis, 1977….”

There were two specific references to Bhagwati’s work with Srinivasan:

“Jagdish Bhagwati and T. N. Srinivasan put it as follows : `The allocation of foreign exchange among alternative claimants and users in a direct control system . . .would presumably be with reference to a well-defined set of principles and criteria based on a system of priorities. In point of fact, however, there seem to have been few such criteria, if any, followed in practice.’”

and

“But as Bhagwati and Srinivasan report, `. . . the sheer weight of numbers made any meaningful listing of priorities extremely difficult. The problem was Orwellian: all industries had priority and how was each sponsoring authority to argue that some industries had more priority than others? It is not surprising, therefore, that the agencies involved in determining allocations by industry fell back on vague notions of “fairness”, implying pro rata allocations with reference to capacity installed or employment, or shares defined by past import allocations or similar rules of thumb’”

and one to Bhagwati and Desai:

“The best descriptions of Indian industrial policy are still to be found in Bhagwati and Desai (1970)…”

Professors Bhagwati and Panagriya have not apparently referred to anything beyond these joint works of Bhagwati’s dated 1970 with Padma Desai and 1975 with TN Srinivasan. They have not claimed Bhagwati did anything by way of either publication or political activity in relation to India’s economic policy between May 1984, when he read my soon-to-be-published-work and found I had

“done an excellent job of setting out the problems afflicting our economic policies, unfortunately government-made problems”,

and September 1990 when I gave Rajiv the University of Hawaii perestroika-for-India project results developed since 1986, which came to politically spark the 1991 reform in the Congress’s highest echelons from months before Rajiv’s assassination.

There may have been no such claim made by Bhagwati and Panagariya because there may be no such evidence. Between 1984 and 1990, Professor Bhagwati’s research interests were away from Indian economic policy while his work on India through 1970 and 1975 had been fully and reasonably accounted for as of 1984 by myself.

What is left remaining is Bhagwati’s statement :

“When finance minister Manmohan Singh was in New York in 1992, he had a lunch for many big CEOs whom he was trying to seduce to come to India. He also invited me and my wife, Padma Desai, to the lunch. As we came in, the FM introduced us to the invitees and said: ‘These friends of mine wrote almost a quarter century ago [India: Planning for Industrialisation was published in 1970 by Oxford] recommending all the reforms we are now undertaking. If we had accepted the advice then, we would not be having this lunch as you would already be in India’

Now this light self-deprecating reference by Manmohan at an investors’ lunch in New York “for many big CEOs” was an evident attempt at political humour written by his speech-writer. It was clearly, on its face, not serious history. If we test it as serious history, it falls flat so we may only hope Manmohan Singh, unlike Jagdish Bhagwati, has not himself come to believe his own reported joke as anything more than that.

The Bhagwati-Desai volume being referred to was developed from 1966-1970. India saw critical economic and political events in 1969, in 1970, in 1971, in 1972, in 1975, in 1977, etc.

Those were precisely years during which Manmohan Singh himself moved from being an academic to becoming a Government of India official, working first for MG Kaul, ICS, and then in 1971 coming to the attention of PN Haksar, Indira Gandhi’s most powerful bureaucrat between 1967 and 1974: Haksar himself was Manmohan Singh’s acknowledged mentor in the Government, as Manmohan told Mark Tully in an interview.

After Manmohan visited our Paris home in 1973 to talk to me about economics, my father — who had been himself sent to the Paris Embassy by Haksar in preparation for Indira Gandhi’s visit in November 1971 before the Bangladesh war —

had told me Manmohan was very highly regarded in government circles with economics degrees from both Cambridge and Oxford, and my father had added, to my surprise, what was probably a Haksarian governmental view that Manmohan was expected to be India’s Prime Minister some day. That was 1973.

PN Haksar had been the archetypal Nehruvian Delhi intellectual of a certain era, being both a fierce nationalist and a fierce pro-USSR leftist from long before Independence. I met him once on 23 March 1991, on the lawns of 10 Jan Path at the launch of General V Krishna Rao’s book on Indian defence which Rajiv was releasing, and Haksar gave a speech to introduce Rajiv (as if Rajiv needed introduction on the lawns of his own residence); Haksar was in poor health but he seemed completely delighted to be back in favour with Rajiv, after years of having been treated badly by Indira and her younger son.

Had Manmohan Singh in the early 1970s gone to Haksar — the architect of the nationalisation of India’s banking going on right then — and said “Sir, this OECD study by my friend Bhagwati and his wife says we should be liberalising foreign trade and domestic industry”, Haksar would have been astonished and sent him packing.

There was a war on, plus a massive problem of 10 million refugees, a new country to support called Bangladesh, a railway strike, a bad crop, repressed inflation, shortages, and heaven knows what more, besides Nixon having backed Yahya Khan, Tikka Khan et al.

Then after Bangladesh and the railway strike etc, came the rise of the politically odious younger son of Indira Gandhi and his friends (at least one of whom is today Sonia Gandhi’s gatekeeper) followed by the internal political Emergency, the grave foreign-fueled problem of Sikh separatism and its control, the assassination of Indira Gandhi by her own Sikh bodyguards, and the Rajiv Gandhi years as Prime Minister.

Certainly it was Rajiv’s arrival in office and Benazir’s initial return to Pakistan, along with the rise of Michael Gorbachev in the changing USSR, that inspired me in far away Hawaii in 1986 to design with Ted James the perestroika-projects for India and Pakistan which led to our two volumes, and which, thanks to Siddhartha Shankar Ray, came to reach Rajiv Gandhi in Opposition in September 1990 as he sat somewhat forlornly at 10 Jan Path after losing office. “There is a tide in the affairs of men, Which taken at the flood, leads on to fortune….

My friend and collaborator Ted James died of cancer in Manila in May 2010; earlier that year he came to say publicly

“Seldom are significant reforms imposed successfully by international bureaucracies. Most often they are the result of indigenous actors motivated by domestic imperatives. I believe this was the case in India in 1991. It may have been fortuitous that Dr. Roy gained an audience with a receptive Rajiv Gandhi in 1990 but it was not luck that he was prepared with a well-thought out program; this arose from years of careful thought and debate on the matter.”

Changing the direction of a ship of state is very hard, knowing in which direction it should change and to what degree is even harder; it has rarely been something that can be done without random shocks arising let aside the power of vested interests. Had Rajiv Gandhi lived to form a new Government, I have little doubt I would have led the reform that I had chalked out for him and that he had approved of; Sonia Gandhi would have remained the housewife, mother and grandmother that she had preferred to be and not been made into the Queen of India by the Congress Party; Manmohan Singh had left India in 1987 for the Nyerere project and it had been rumoured at the time that had been slightly to do with him protesting, to the extent that he ever has protested anything, the anti-Sikh pogrom that some of Rajiv’s friends had apparently unleashed after Indira’s killing; he returned in November 1990, joined Chandrashekhar in December 1990, left Chandrashekhar in March 1991 when elections were announced and was biding his time as head of the UGC; had Rajiv Gandhi lived, Manmohan Singh would have had a governor’s career path, becoming the governor of one state after another; he would not have been brought into the economic reform process which he had had nothing to do with originating; and finally Pranab Mukherjee, who left the Congress Party and formed his own when Rajiv took over, would have been likely rehabilitated slowly but would not have come to control the working of the party as he did. I said in my Lok Sabha TV interview on 5 9 December 2012 that there have been many microeconomic improvements arising from technological progress in the last 22 years but the macroeconomic and monetary situation is grim, because at root the fiscal situation remains incoherent and confused. I do not see anyone in Manmohan Singh’s entourage among all his many acolytes and flatterers and apologists who is able to get to these root problems. We shall address these issues in Part II.

What Manmohan Singh said in self-deprecating humour at an investors’ lunch in New York in 1992 is hardly serious history as Jagdish Bhagwati has seemed to wish it to be. Besides, it would have been unlike Manmohan, being the devoted student of Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor as he told Mark Tully, to have taken such a liberalising initiative at all. Furthermore, the 1969 American Economic Review published asurvey of Indian economic policy authored by his Delhi University colleagues Jagdish Bhagwati and Sukhamoy Chakravarty which made little mention of his work, and it would have been unreasonable to expect him to have been won over greatly by theirs. Perhaps there is a generous review from the 1970s by Manmohan Singh of the Bhagwati-Desai volume hidden somewhere but if so we should be told where it is. A list of Manmohan Singh’s publications as an economist do not seem easily available anywhere.

Lastly and perhaps most decisively, the 1970 Bhagwati-Desai volume, excellent study that it was, was hardly the first of its genre by way of liberal criticism of modern Indian economic policy! Bhagwati declared in his 2010 speech to the Lok Sabha

“This policy framework had been questioned, and its total overhaul advocated, by me and Padma Desai in writings through the late 1960s…”

But why has Bhagwati been forever silent about the equally if not more forceful and fundamental criticism of “the policy framework”, and advocacy of its “total overhaul”, by scholars in the 1950s, a decade and more earlier than him, when he and Manmohan and Amartya were still students? Specifically, by BR Shenoy, Milton Friedman, and Peter Bauer? The relevant bibliography from the mid 1950s is given in Footnote 1 of my 1984 work.

Peter Tamas Bauer (1915-2002) played a vital role in all this as had he himself not brought the Friedman 1955 document to my attention I would not have known of it.

As undergraduates at the LSE, we had been petrified of him and I never spoke to him while there, having believed the propaganda that floated around about him; then while a Research Student at Cambridge, I happened to be a speaker with him at a conference at Oxford; he made me sit next to him at a meal and told me for the first time about Milton Friedman’s 1955 memorandum to the Government of India which had been suppressed. I am privileged to say Peter from then on became a friend, and wrote, at my request, what became I am sure the kiss of death for me at the World Bank of 1982:

**Later he may have been responsible for the London Times writing its lead editorial of 29 May 1984 on my work.**

Now Milton had sent me in 1984, besides the original of his November 1955 memorandum to the Government of India, a confidential 1956 document also which seemed to have been written for US Government consumption. I did not publish this in Hawaii in 1989 as I was having difficulty enough publishing the 1955 memorandum. I gave it to be published on the Internet some years ago, and after Milton’s passing, I had it published in The Statesman on the same day as my obituary of him.

It makes fascinating reading, especially about Mahalanobis and Shenoy, of how what Bhagwati wishes to call “the policy framework” that, he claims, he and Desai called for a “total overhaul” of, came to be what it was in the decade earlier when he and Amartya and Manmohan were still students.

Friedman’s 1956 document said

“I met PC Mahalanobis in 1946 and again at a meeting of the International Statistical Institute in September 1947, and I know him well by reputation. He was absent during most of my stay in New Delhi, but I met him at a meeting of the Indian Planning Commission, of which he is one of the strongest and most able members. Mahalanobis began as a mathematician and is a very able one. Able mathematicians are usually recognized for their ability at a relatively early age. Realizing their own ability as they do and working in a field of absolutes, tends, in my opinion, to make them dangerous when they apply themselves to economic planning. They produce specific and detailed plans in which they have confidence, without perhaps realizing that economic planning is not the absolute science that mathematics is. This general characteristic of mathematicians is true of Mahalanobis but in spite of the tendency he is willing to discuss a problem and listen to a different point of view. Once his decision is reached, however, he has great confidence in it. Mahalanobis was unquestionably extremely influential in drafting the Indian five-year plan. There were four key steps in the plan. The first was the so-called “Plan Frame” drafted by Mahalanobis himself. The second was a tentative plan based on the “Plan Frame”. The third step was a report by a committee of economists on the first two steps, and the fourth was a minority report by BR Shenoy on the economists’ report. The economists had no intention of drafting a definitive proposal but merely meant to comment on certain aspects of the first two steps. Shenoy’s minority report, however, had the effect of making the economists’ report official. The scheme of the Five Year Plan attributed to Mahalanobis faces two problems; one, that India needs heavy industry for economic development; and two, that development of heavy industry uses up large amounts of capital while providing only small employment. Based on these facts, Mahalanobis proposed to concentrate on heavy industry development on the one hand and to subsidize the hand production cottage industries on the other. The latter course would discriminate against the smaller manufacturers. In my opinion, the plan wastes both capital and labour and the Indians get only the worst of both efforts. If left to their own devices under a free enterprise system I believe the Indians would gravitate naturally towards the production of such items as bicycles, sewing machines, and radios. This trend is already apparent without any subsidy. The Indian cottage industry is already cloaked in the same popular sort of mist as is rural life in the US. There is an idea in both places that this life is typical and the backbone of their respective countries. Politically, the Indian cottage industry problem is akin to the American farm problem. Mohandas Gandhi was a proponent of strengthening the cottage industry as a weapon against the British. This reason is now gone but the emotions engendered by Gandhi remain. Any move to strengthen the cottage industry has great political appeal and thus, Mahalanobis’ plan and its pseudo-scientific support for the industry also has great political appeal. I found many supporters for the heavy industry phase of the Plan but almost no one (among the technical Civil Servants) who really believes in the cottage industry aspects, aside from their political appeal. In its initial form, the plan was very large and ambitious with optimistic estimates. My impression is that there is a substantial trend away from this approach, however, and an attempt to cut down. The development of heavy industry has slowed except for steel and iron. I believe that the proposed development of a synthetic petroleum plant has been dropped and probably wisely so. In addition, I believe that the proposed five year plan may be extended to six years. Other than his work on the plan, I am uncertain of Mahalanobis’ influence. The gossip is that he has Nehru’s ear and potentially he could be very influential, simply because of his intellectual ability and powers of persuasion. The question that occurs to me is how much difference Mahalanobis’ plan makes. The plan does not seem the important thing to me. I believe that the new drive and enthusiasm of the Indian nation will surmount any plan, good or bad. Then too, I feel a wide diversity in what is said and what is done. I believe that much of Nehru’s socialistic talk is simply that, just talk. Nehru has been trying to undermine the Socialist Party by this means and apparently the Congress Party’s adoption of a socialistic idea for industry has been successful in this respect. One gets the impression, depending on whom one talks with, either that the Government runs business, or that two or three large businesses run the government. All that appears publicly indicates that the first is true, but a case can also be made for the latter interpretation. Favour and harassment are counterparts in the Indian economic scheme. There is no significant impairment of the willingness of Indian capitalists to invest in their industries, except in the specific industries where nationalization has been announced, but they are not always willing to invest and take the risks inherent in the free enterprise system. They want the Government to support their investment and when it refuses they back out and cry “Socialism”..”

I look forward to seeing a fundamental classical liberal critique from India’s distinguished American friends at Columbia University, Professors Jagdish Bhagwati and Padma Desai and Arvind Panagariya, if and when such a critique arises, of the “policy framework” in India as that evolved from the mid 1950s to become what exists across India in 2013 today. Specifically: Where is the criticism from Bhagwati of Mahalanobis and friends? And where is Bhagwati’s defence of Shenoy, leave aside of Milton Friedman or Peter Bauer? They seem not to exist. The most we get is a footnote again without the civility of any references, in the otherwise cogent 1975 Desai-Bhagwati paper “Socialism and Indian Economic Policy” alleging

” Of these three types of impact of the Soviet example, the Plan-formulation approach was to be enthusiastically received by most commentators and, indeed, to lead to demands on the part of aid agencies for similar efforts by other developing countries. However, the shift to heavy industry was seen as a definite mistake by economic opinion of the Chicago school variety, reflecting their basic unfamiliarity with the structural models of growth and development planning of the Feldman-Mahalanobis variety-an ignorance which probably still persists. The detailed regulation was not quite noticed at the time, except by conservative commentators whose position however was extreme and precluded governmental planning of industrial investments on any scale.”

Desai and Bhagwati naturally found no apparent desire to locate any possible scientific truth or reasonableness among

“conservative commentators”

nor among the unnamed and undescribed

“economic opinion of the Chicago school variety”.

Could Desai and Bhagwati have done anything different after all, even when talking about India to an American audience, without being at risk of losing their East Coast Limousine Liberal credentials? Bhagwati used to routinely declare his “socialist” credentials, and even the other day on Indian TV emphatically declared he was not a “conservative” and scornfully dismissed “Thatcher and Reagan” for their “trickle down economics”…

Jagdish Bhagwati has evidently wanted to have his cake and eat it too…

4. Amartya Sen’s Half-Baked Communism: “To each according to his need”?

If I have been candid or harsh in my assessments of Jagdish Bhagwati and Manmohan Singh as they relate to my personal experience with the change of direction in Indian economic policy originating in 1990-1991, I am afraid I must be equally so with Bhagwati’s current opponent in debate, Amartya Sen. Certainly I have found the current spat between Bhagwati and Sen over India’s political economy to be dismal, unscholarly, unscientific and misleading (or off-base) except for it having allowed a burst of domestic policy-discussion in circumstances when India needs it especially much.

None of this criticism is personal but based on objective experience and the record. My criticism of Professor Bhagwati and Dr Manmohan Singh does not diminish in the slightest my high personal regard for both of them.

Similarly, Amartya Sen and I go back, momentarily, to Hindustan Park in 1964 when there was a faint connection as family friends from World War II (as Naren Deb and Manindranath Roy were friends and neighbours, and we still have the signed copy of a book gifted by the former to the latter), and then he later knew me cursorily when I was an undergraduate at LSE and he was already a famous professor, and I greatly enjoyed his excellent lectures at the LSE on his fine book On Economic Inequality, and a few years later he wrote in tangential support of me at Cambridge for which he was thanked in the preface to my 1989 Philosophy of Economics — even though that book of mine also contained in its Chapter 10 the decisive criticism of his main contribution until that time to what used to be called “social choice theory”. Amartya Sen had also written some splendid handwritten letters, a few pages of which remain with me, which puzzled me at the time due to his expressing his aversion to what is normally called ‘price theory’, namely the Marshallian and/or Walrasian theory of value.

Professor Sen and I met briefly in 1978, and then again in 2006 when I was asked to talk to him in our philosophical conversation which came to be published nicely. In 2006 I told him of my experience with Rajiv Gandhi in initiating what became the 1991 reform on the basis of my giving Rajiv the results of the Hawaii project, and Amartya was kind enough to say that he knew I had been arguing all this “very early on”, referring presumably to the 1984 London Times editorial which he would have seen in his Oxford days before coming to Harvard.

This personal regard on my part or personal affection on his part aside, I have been appalled to find Professor Sen not taking moral and intellectual responsibility for and instead disclaiming paternity of the whole so-called “Food Security” policy which Sonia Gandhi has been prevailed upon over the years by him and his acolytes and friends and admirers to adopt, and she in her ignorance of all political economy and governance has now wished to impose upon the Congress Party and India as a whole:

“Questioner: You are being called the creator of the Food Security Bill.

Amartya Sen: Yes, I don’t know why. That is indeed a paternity suit I’m currently fighting. People are accusing me of being the father”.

Amartya Sen has repeatedly over the years gone on Indian prime-time television and declared things like

“If you don’t agree there’s hunger in the world, there’s something morally wrong with you”

besides over the decades publishing titles like Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation, Hunger and Public Action, The Political Economy of Hunger etc and ceaselessly using his immense power with the media, with book publishing houses, with US academic departments and the world development economics business, to promote his own and his acolytes’ opinions around the world, no matter how ill-considered or incoherent these may be. A passage from his latest book with Jean Drèze reportedly reads

“If development is about the expansion of freedom, it has to embrace the removal of poverty as well as paying attention to ecology as integral parts of a unified concern, aimed ultimately at the security and advancement of human freedom. Indeed, important components of human freedoms — and crucial ingredients of our quality of life — are thoroughly dependent on the integrity of the environment, involving the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the epidemiological surroundings in which we live….”

Had such a passage reached me in an undergraduate essay, I would have considered it incoherent waffle, and I am afraid I cannot see why merely because it is authored by an eminence at Harvard and his co-author, the evaluation should be any different. I am reminded of my encounter in 1976 with Joan Robinson, the great tutor in 1950s Cambridge of Amartya and Manmohan: “Joan Robinson cornered me once and took me into the office she shared with EAG… She came at me for an hour or so wishing to supervise me, I kept declining politely… saying I was with Frank Hahn and wished to work on money… “What does Frankie know about India?” she said… I said I did not know but he did know about monetary theory and that was what I needed for India; I also said I did not think much about the Indian Marxists she had supervised… and mentioned a prominent name… she said about him, “Yes most of what he does can go straight into the dustbin”…” The Indian Marxist whom I had referred to in this conversation with Joan was not Amartya but someone else much younger, yet her candid “can go straight into the dustbin” still applies to all incoherent waffle, whomsoever may produce it.

Indeed, Amartya Sen, if anyone, really should get down to writing his memoirs, and candidly so in order to explain his own thinking and deeds over the decades to himself and to the world in order that needless confusions do not arise.

Else it becomes impossible to explain how someone who was said to be proud to have been a Communist student on the run from the police in West Bengal, who was Joan Robinson’s star pupil at a time she was extolling Maoist China and who has seemingly nurtured a deep lifelong fascination and affection for Communist China despite all its misdeeds, who was feted by the Communist regime of West Bengal after winning the Bank of Sweden Prize (on the same day that same regime had tossed into jail one unfortunate young Mr Khemkha merely for having been rude to its leaders on the Internet), and who seemed to share some of those winnings on social causes like primary education at the behest of the Communist regime’s ministers, etc, how someone with that noble comradely leftist personal history as an economist allows a flattering interviewer with a Harvard connection to describe him in Business Standard of 25 July 2013 as having been all along really a

“neoclassical economist”

who also happens to be

“the greatest living scholar of the original philosopher of the free market, Adam Smith”!

Amartya Sen a neoclassical economist and a great scholar of Adam Smith? It is hilarious to suppose so. The question arises, Does Sen, having published about Adam Smith recently in a few newspapers and leftist periodicals, agree with such a description by his flattering admirer from Harvard at Business Standard? “Neoclassical” economics originated with men like Jevons, Menger, Walras, Pareto, Marshall, Wicksell, and was marked by the theory of value being explained by a demand-side too, and not, like classical economics, merely by the cost of production alone on the supply side. Indeed a striking thing about the list below published by the Scandinavian Journal of Economics of Amartya’s books following his 1998 Bank of Sweden Prize

is how consistently these works display his avoidance of all neoclassical economics, and the absence of all of what is normally called ‘price theory’, namely the Marshallian and/or Walrasian theory of value. No “neoclassical economics” anywhere here for sure!

It would be fair enough if Professor Sen says he is hardly responsible for an admirer’s ignorant misdescription of his work — except the question still arises why he has himself also evidently misdescribed his own work! For example, in his 13 July 2013 letter to The Economist in response to the criticism of Jagdish Bhagwati and Arvind Panagariya, he says he had always been keenly interested in

“the importance of economic growth as a means— not an end”

and that this

“has been one of the themes even in my earliest writings (including “Choice of Techniques” in 1960 and “Growth Economics” in 1970)”.

This is a very peculiar opinion indeed to have been expressed by Professor Sen about his own work because the 1970 volume Growth Economics listed above among his books hardly can be said at all to be one of his own “earliest writings” as he now describes it to have been!

What had happened back then was that Sen, as someone considered a brilliant or promising young Indian economist at the time, had been asked by the editors of the famous Penguin Modern Economics Readings series to edit the specific issue devoted to growth-theory — a compendium of classic already-published essays including those of Roy Harrod, Evsey Domar, Robert Solow and many others, to which young Amartya was given a chance to write an editorial Introduction. Every economist familiar with that literature knows too that the growth-theory contained in that volume and others was considered highly abstract and notoriously divorced from actual historical processes of economic growth in different countries. Everyone also knew that the individual editors in that famous Penguin Modern Economics Series were of relative unimportance as they did not commission new papers but merely collected classics already published and wrote an introduction.

This is significant presently because neither Professor Sen nor Professor Bhagwati may be objectively considered on the evidence of his life’s work as an economist to have been a major scholar of economic growth, either in theory or in historical practice. As of December 1989, Amartya Sen himself described his own interests to the American Economic Association as

“social choice theory, welfare economics, economic development”

and Jagdish Bhagwati described his interests as

“theory of international trade and policy, economic development”.

Neither Sen nor Bhagwati mentioned growth economics or economic history or even general economic theory, microeconomics, macroeconomics, monetary economics, public finance, etc. Furthermore, Sen saying in his letter to The Economist that he has been always interested in economic growth seems to be baseless in light of the list of his books above, other than the Penguin compendium already discussed.

Incidentally in the same American Economic Association volume of 1989, Padma Desai had described her interests as

“Soviet economy and comparative economic systems”;

Arvind Panagariya had described his interests as

“economies of scale and trade; smuggling; parallel markets in planned economies”;

and one Suby Roy described his interests as

“foundations of monetary economics”.

Reflecting on Amartya Sen’s works over the 40 year period that I have known them

[and again, my personal copies of his books and those of Bhagwati and Desai, were all in my professorial office at IIT Kharagpur when I was attacked by a corrupt gang there in 2003; and IIT have been under a High Court order to return them but have not done so],

I wonder in fact if it might be fairly said that Sen has been on his own subjective journey over the decades around the world seeking to reinvent economics and political economy from scratch, and inventing his own terminology like “capabilities”, “functionings” and yes “entitlements” etc. to help him do so, while trying to assiduously avoid mention of canonical works of modern world economics like Marshall’s Principles, Hicks’s Value and Capital, Debreu’s Theory of Value, or Arrow and Hahn’s General Competitive Analysis, all defining the central neoclassical tradition of the modern theory of value.

But no contemporary science, economics and political economy included, is open to be re-invented from scratch, and what Amartya Sen has ended up doing instead is seeming to be continually trying to reinvent the wheel, possibly without having had the self-knowledge to realise this. Wittgenstein once made a paradoxical statement that one may know another’s mind better than one knows one’s own…

Here is a current example. Professor Sen says

“First, unlike the process of development in Japan, China, Korea and other countries, which pursued what Jean Drèze and I have called “Asian economic development” in our book, India has not had enough focus on public spending on school education and basic healthcare, which these other countries have had….”

Does Sen really believes believe he and Drèze have now in 2013 discovered and christened an economic phenomenon named “Asian economic development”? Everyone, from Japan and Bangkok and Manila, to Hawaii and Stanford to the World Bank’s East Asia department, including especially my Hawaii colleague Ted James, and many many others including especially Gerald M Meier at Stanford, were was publishing about all that every month — in the mid 1980s! In fact, our project on India and Pakistan arose in the 1980s from precisely such a Hawaiian wave! Everyone knows all that from back then or even earlier when the Japanese were talking about the “flying geese” model. (And, incidentally, Communist China did not at the time belong in the list.) Where was Amartya Sen in the mid 1980s when all that was happening? Jean Drèze was still a student perhaps. Is Professor Sen seeking to reinvent the wheel again with “Asian Economic Development” being claimed to be invented in 2013 by him and Drèze now? Oh please! That just won’t fly either!

A second example may be taken from the year before Professor Sen was awarded the Bank of Sweden Prize when he gave a lecture on “human capital” theory which was published as a survey titled “Human Capital and Human Capability” in World Development 1997 Vol. 25, No. 12,

Can you see any reference in this 1997 survey to TW Schultz’s 1960 American Economic Association Presidential Address or to Schultz’s classic 1964 book Transforming Traditional Agriculture or to his 1979 Bank of Sweden Prize address? I could not. If one did not know better, one might have thought from Professor Sen’s 1997 survey that there was nothing done worth talking about on the subject of “human capital” from the time of Adam Smith and David Hume until Amartya Sen finally came to the subject himself.

Thirdly, one is told by Sen’s admirer and collaborator, Professor James Foster of George Washington University, that what Sen means by his notion of

“effective freedom”

is that this is something

“enhanced when a marginally nourished family now has the capability to be sufficiently nourished due to public action”…

Are Amartya and his acolytes claiming he has invented or reinvented welfare economics ab initio? That before Amartya Sen, we did not know the importance of the able-bodied members of a community assisting those who are not able-bodied?

Where have they been? Amartya needed merely to have read Marshall’s Principles evenslightly to find Marshall himself, the master of Maynard Keynes and all of Cambridge and modern world economics, declaring without any equivocation at the very start

“….the study of the causes of poverty is the study of the causes of the degradation of a large part of mankind…”

But Marshall was interested in study, serious study, of poverty and its causes and amelioration, which is not something as easy or trivial as pontification on modern television. My 1984 article “Considerations on Utility, Benevolence and Taxation” which also became a chapter of my 1989 Philosophy of Economics surveyed some of Marshall’s opinion.

“From each according to his ability, to each according to his need” was a utopian slogan around 1875 from Karl Marx, which generations of passionate undergraduates have found impressive. Amartya Sen deserves to tell us squarely about his engagement with Marx or Marxist thought from his earliest days until now. His commitment in recent decades to democracy and the open and free society is clear; but has he also at the same time all along been committed to a kind of half-baked communist utopia as represented by Marx’s 1875 slogan?

“To each according to his need” sounds to be the underlying premise that is seeing practical manifestation in the Sonia Congress’s imposition of a so-called “right to food”; “from each according to his ability” is its flip side in the so-called “rural employment guarantee”. Leave aside the limitless resource-allocation and incentive and public finance problems created by such naive ideas being made into government policy, there is a grave and fundamental issue that Amartya and other leftists have been too blinkered to see:

Do they suppose the organised business classes have been weakly cooperative and will just allow such massive redistribution to occur without getting the Indian political system to pay them off as well? And how do the organised business classes get paid off? By their getting to take the land of the inhabitants of rural India. And land in an environment of a debauching of money and other paper assets is as good as gold.

So the peasants will lose their land to the government’s businessman friends on the one hand while purportedly getting “guaranteed” employment and food from the government’s bureaucrats on the other! A landless, asset-less slave population, free to join the industrial proletariat! Is that what Amartya wants to see in India? It may become what results within a few decades from his and his acolytes’ words and deeds.

Rajiv Gandhi once gave me his private phone numbers at 10 Jan Path. I used them back in January 1991 during the Gulf war. But I cannot do so now as Rajiv is gone. Amartya can. Let him phone Sonia and prevail upon her to put the brakes on the wild food and employment schemes he and his friends have persuaded her about until he reads and reflects upon what I said in January 2007 in “On Land-Grabbing” and in my July 2007 open letter to him, reproduced below:

“At a business meet on 12 January 2005, Dr Manmohan Singh showered fulsome praise on Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee as “dynamic”, “the Nation’s Best Chief Minister”, whose “wit and wisdom”, “qualities of head and heart”, “courage of conviction and passionate commitment to the cause of the working people of India” he admired, saying “with Buddhadeb Babu at the helm of affairs it appears Bengal is once again forging ahead… If today there is a meeting of minds between Delhi and Kolkata, it is because the ideas that I and Buddhadebji represent have captured the minds of the people of India. This is the idea of growth with equity and social justice, the idea that economic liberalization and modernization have to be mindful of the needs of the poor and the marginalized.”…. Dr Singh returned to the “needs of the poor and the marginalized” at another business meet on 8 January 2007 promising to “unveil a new Rehabilitation Policy in three months to increase the pace of industrialisation” which would be “more progressive, humane and conducive to the long-term welfare of all stakeholders”, while his businessman host pointedly stated about Singur “land for industry must be made available to move the Indian manufacturing sector ahead”. The “meeting of minds between Delhi and Kolkata” seems to be that agriculture allegedly has become a relatively backward slow-growing sector deserving to yield in the purported larger national interest to industry and services: what the PM means by “long-term welfare of all stakeholders” is the same as the new CPI-M party-line that the sons of farmers should not remain farmers (but become automobile technicians or IT workers or restaurant waiters instead). It is a political viewpoint coinciding with interests of organised capital and industrial labour in India today, as represented by business lobbies like CII, FICCI and Assocham on one hand, and unions like CITU and INTUC on the other. Business Standard succinctly (and ominously) advocated this point of view in its lead editorial of 9 January as follows: “it has to be recognised that the world over capitalism has progressed only with the landed becoming landless and getting absorbed in the industrial/service sector labour force ~ indeed it is obvious that if people don’t get off the land, their incomes will rise only slowly”. Land is the first and ultimate means of production, and the attack of the powerful on land-holdings or land-rights of the unorganised or powerless has been a worldwide phenomenon ~ across both capitalism and communism. In the mid-19th Century, white North America decimated hundreds of thousands of natives in the most gargantuan land-grab of history. Defeated, Chief Red Cloud of the Sioux spoke in 1868 for the Apache, Navajo, Comanche, Cheyenne, Iroquois and hundreds of other tribes: “They made us many promises, more than I can remember, but they never kept any except one: they promised to take our land, and they took it.” Half a century later, while the collapse of grain prices contributed to the Great Depression and pauperisation of thousands of small farmers in capitalist America in the same lands that had been taken from the native tribes, Stalin’s Russia embarked on the most infamous state-sponsored land-grab in modern history: “The mass collectivisation of Soviet agriculture (was) probably the most warlike operation ever conducted by a state against its own citizens…. Hundreds of thousands and finally millions of peasants… were deported… desperate revolts in the villages were bloodily suppressed by the army and police, and the country sank into chaos, starvation and misery… The object of destroying the peasants’ independence…was to create a population of slaves, the benefit of whose labour would accrue to industry. The immediate effect was to reduce Soviet agriculture to a state of decline from which it has not yet recovered… The destruction of the Soviet peasantry, who formed three quarters of the population, was not only an economic but a moral disaster for the entire country. Tens of millions were driven into semi-servitude, and millions more were employed as executants…” (Kolakowski, Main Currents of Marxism). Why did Stalin destroy the peasants? Lenin’s wishful “alliance between the proletariat and the peasantry” in reality could lead only to the peasants being pauperised into proletarians. At least five million peasants died and (Stalin told Churchill at Yalta) another ten million in the resultant famine of 1932-1933. “Certainly it involved a struggle ~ but chiefly one between urban Communists and villagers… it enabled the regime to obtain much of the capital desired for industrialization from the defeated village… it was the decisive step in the building of Soviet totalitarianism, for it imposed on the majority of the people a subjection which only force could maintain” (Treadgold, 20th Century Russia). Mr Bhattacharjee’s CPI-M is fond of extolling Chinese communism, and the current New Delhi establishment have made Beijing and Shanghai holiday destinations of choice. Dr Singh’s Government has been eager to create hundreds of “Special Economic Zones” run by organised capital and unionised labour, and economically privileged by the State. In fact, the Singur and Nandigram experiences of police sealing off villages where protests occur are modelled on creation of “Special Economic Zones” in China in recent years. For example, Chinese police on 6 December 2005 cracked down on farmers and fishermen in the seaside village of Dongzhou, 125 miles North East of Hong Kong. Thousands of Dongzhou villagers clashed with troops and armed police protesting confiscation of their lands and corruption among officials. The police immediately sealed off the village and arrested protesters. China’s Public Security Ministry admitted the number of riots over land had risen sharply, reaching more than seventy thousand across China in 2004; police usually suppressed peasant riots without resort to firing but in Dongzhou, police firing killed 20 protesters. Such is the reality of the “emergence” of China, a totalitarian police-state since the Communist takeover in 1949, from its period of mad tyranny until Mao’s death in 1976, followed by its ideological confusion ever since. Modern India’s political economy today remains in the tight grip of metropolitan “Big Business” and “Big Labour”. Ordinary anonymous individual citizens ~ whether housewife, consumer, student, peasant, non-union worker or small businessman ~ have no real voice or representation in Indian politics. We have no normal conservative, liberal or social democratic party in this country, as found in West European democracies where the era of land-grabbing has long-ceased. If our polity had been normal, it would have known that economic development does not require business or government to pauperise the peasantry but instead to define and secure individual property rights and the Rule of Law, and establish proper conditions for the market economy. The Congress and BJP in Delhi and CPI-M in Kolkata would not have been able to distract attention from their macroeconomic misdeeds over the decades ~ indicated, for example, by increasing interest-expenditure paid annually on Government debt as a fraction of tax revenues… This macroeconomic rot originated with the Indira Gandhi-PN Haksar capriciousness and mismanagement, which coincided with the start of Dr Singh’s career as India’s best known economic bureaucrat….”

“Professor Amartya Sen, Harvard University, Dear Professor Sen, Everyone will be delighted that someone of your worldwide stature has joined the debate on Singur and Nandigram; The Telegraph deserves congratulations for having made it possible on July 23. I was sorry to find though that you may have missed the wood for the trees and also some of the trees themselves. Perhaps you have relied on Government statements for the facts. But the Government party in West Bengal represents official Indian communism and has been in power for 30 years at a stretch. It may be unwise to take at face-value what they say about their own deeds on this very grave issue! Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely, and there are many candid communists who privately recognise this dismal truth about themselves. To say this is not to be praising those whom you call the “Opposition” ~ after all, Bengal’s politics has seen emasculation of the Congress as an opposition because the Congress and communists are allies in Delhi. It is the Government party that must reform itself from within sua sponte for the good of everyone in the State. The comparisons and mentions of history you have made seem to me surprising. Bengal’s economy now or in the past has little or nothing similar to the economy of Northern England or the whole of England or Britain itself, and certainly Indian agriculture has little to do with agriculture in the new lands of Australia or North America. British economic history was marked by rapid technological innovations in manufacturing and rapid development of social and political institutions in context of being a major naval, maritime and mercantile power for centuries. Britain’s geography and history hardly ever permitted it to be an agricultural country of any importance whereas Bengal, to the contrary, has been among the most agriculturally fertile and hence densely populated regions of the world for millennia. Om Prakash’s brilliant pioneering book The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal 1630-1720 (Princeton 1985) records all this clearly. He reports the French traveller François Bernier saying in the 1660s “Bengal abounds with every necessary of life”, and a century before him the Italian traveller Verthema saying Bengal “abounds more in grain, flesh of every kind, in great quantity of sugar, also of ginger, and of great abundance of cotton, than any country in the world”. Om Prakash says “The premier industry in the region was the textile industry comprising manufacture from cotton, silk and mixed yarns”. Bengal’s major exports were foodstuffs, textiles, raw silk, opium, sugar and saltpetre; imports notably included metals (as Montesquieu had said would always be the case). Bengal did, as you say, have industries at the time the Europeans came but you have failed to mention these were mostly “agro-based” and, if anything, a clear indicator of our agricultural fecundity and comparative advantage. If “deindustrialization” occurred in 19th Century India, that had nothing to do with the “deindustrialization” in West Bengal from the 1960s onwards due to the influence of official communism. You remind us Fa Hiaen left from Tamralipta which is modern day Tamluk, though he went not to China but to Ceylon. You suggest that because he did so Tamluk effectively “was greater Calcutta”. I cannot see how this can be said of the 5th Century AD when no notion of Calcutta existed. Besides, modern Tamluk at 22º18’N, 87º56’E is more than 50 miles inland from the ancient port due to land-making that has occurred at the mouth of the Hooghly. I am afraid the relevance of the mention of Fa Hiaen to today’s Singur and Nandigram has thus escaped me. You say “In countries like Australia, the US or Canada where agriculture has prospered, only a very tiny population is involved in agriculture. Most people move out to industry. Industry has to be convenient, has to be absorbing”. Last January, a national daily published a similar view: “For India to become a developed country, the area under agriculture has to shrink, urban and industrial land development has to take place, and about 100 million workers have to move out from agriculture into industry and services. This is the only way forward for bringing prosperity to the rural population”. Rice is indeed grown in Arkansas or Texas as it is in Bengal but there is a world of difference between the technological and geographical situation here and that in the vast, sparsely populated New World areas with mechanized farming! Like shoe-making or a hundred other crafts, agriculture can be capital-intensive or labour-intensive ~ ours is relatively labour-intensive, theirs is relatively capital-intensive. Our economy is relatively labour-abundant and capital-scarce; their economies are relatively labour-scarce and capital-abundant (and also land-abundant). Indeed, if anything, the apt comparison is with China, and you doubtless know of the horror stories and civil war conditions erupting across China in recent years as the Communist Party and their businessman friends forcibly take over the land of peasants and agricultural workers, e.g. in Dongzhou. All plans of long-distance social engineering to “move out” 40 per cent of India’s population (at 4 persons per “worker”) from the rural hinterlands must also face FA Hayek’s fundamental question in The Road to Serfdom: “Who plans whom, who directs whom, who assigns to other people their station in life, and who is to have his due allotted by others?” Your late Harvard colleague, Robert Nozick, opened his brilliant 1974 book Anarchy, State and Utopia saying: “Individuals have rights, and there are things no person or group may do to them (without violating their rights)”. You have rightly deplored the violence seen at Singur and Nandigram. But you will agree it is a gross error to equate violence perpetrated by the Government which is supposed to be protecting all people regardless of political affiliation, and the self-defence of poor unorganised peasants seeking to protect their meagre lands and livelihoods from state-sponsored pogroms. Kitchen utensils, pitchforks or rural implements and flintlock guns can hardly match the organised firepower controlled by a modern Government. Fortunately, India is not China and the press, media and civil institutions are not totally in the hands of the ruling party alone. In China, no amount of hue and cry among the peasants could save them from the power of organised big business and the Communist Party. In India, a handful of brave women have managed to single-handedly organise mass movements of protest which the press and media have then broadcast that has shocked the whole nation to its senses. You rightly say the land pricing process has been faulty. Irrelevant historical prices have been averaged when the sum of discounted expected future values in an inflationary economy should have been used. Matters are even worse. “The fear of famine can itself cause famine. The people of Bengal are afraid of a famine. It was repeatedly charged that the famine (of 1943) was man-made.” That is what T. W. Schultz said in 1946 in the India Famine Emergency Committee led by Pearl Buck, concerned that the 1943 Bengal famine should not be repeated following dislocations after World War II. Of course since that time our agriculture has undergone a Green Revolution, at least in wheat if not in rice, and a White Revolution in milk and many other agricultural products. But catastrophic collapses in agricultural incentives may still occur as functioning farmland comes to be taken by government and industry from India’s peasantry using force, fraud or even means nominally sanctioned by law. If new famines come to be provoked because farmers’ incentives collapse, let future historians know where responsibility lay. West Bengal’s real economic problems have to do with its dismal macroeconomic and fiscal position which is what Government economists should be addressing candidly. As for land, the Government’s first task remains improving grossly inadequate systems of land-description and definition, as well as the implementation and recording of property rights. With my most respectful personal regards, I remain, Yours ever, Suby”

How does India, as a state, treat its weakest and most vulnerable citizens? Not very well at all. It is often only because families and society have not collapsed completely, as they have elsewhere, that the weakest survive. Can we solve in the 21st Century, in a practical manner appropriate to our times, the problem Buddha raised before he became the Buddha some twenty six centuries ago? Says Eliot,

“The legend represents him as carefully secluded from all disquieting sights and as learning the existence of old age, sickness and death only by chance encounters which left a profound impression”

It is to this list we add “the poor” too, especially if we want to include a slightly later and equally great reformer some miles west of the Terai in the Levant. I said some years ago “As we as infants and children need to be helped to find courage to face the start of life, we when very elderly can need to be helped to find courage to face life’s end”. Old age carries with it the fear of death, fear of the end of life and what that means, which raises the meaning of life itself, or at least of the individual life, because we can hardly grasp what the end of life is if we haven’t what it is supposed to be the end of in the first place. What the very elderly need, as do the dying and terminally ill, is to find courage within themselves to comprehend all this with as much equanimity as possible. Companionship and camaraderie — or perhaps let us call it love — go towards that courage coming to be found; something similar goes for the sick, whether a sick child missing school or the elderly infirm, courage that they are not alone and that they can and will recover and not have to face death quite yet, that life will indeed resume.

As for the poor, I said in 2009 about the bizarre Indian scheme of “interrogating, measuring, photographing and fingerprinting them against their will” that “the poor have their privacy and their dignity. They are going to refuse to waste their valuable time at the margins of survival volunteering for such gimmickry.”

“What New Delhi’s governing class fails to see is that the masses of India’s poor are not themselves a mass waiting for New Delhi’s handouts: they are individuals, free, rational, thinking individuals who know their own lives and resources and capacities and opportunities, and how to go about living their lives best. What they need is security, absence of state or other tyranny, roads, fresh water, electricity, functioning schools for their children, market opportunities for work, etc, not handouts from a monarch or aristocrats or businessmen….” Or, to put it differently in Kant’s terms, the poor need to be treated as ends in themselves, and not as the means towards the ends of others…

Part II India’s Right Road Forward Now: Some Thoughtful Analysis for Grown Ups

5. Transcending a Left-Right/Congress-BJP Divide in Indian Politics

6. Budgeting Military & Foreign Policy

7. Solving the Kashmir Problem & Relations with Pakistan

8. Dealing with Communist China

9. Towards Coherence in Public Accounting, Public Finance & Public Decision-Making

10. India’s Money: Towards Currency Integrity at Home & Abroad

Posted in Academic research, Amartya Sen, Arvind Panagariya, Asia and the West, Bengal's Public Finances, Bhagwati-Sen spat, BJP, Britain in India, Cambridge Univ Economics, Cambridge University, Columbia University, Congress Party, Congress Party History, Credit markets, Economic inequality, Economic Policy, Economic quackery, Economic Theory, Economic Theory of Growth, Economic Theory of Interest, Economic Theory of Value, Economics of Public Finance, Financial Repression, Governance, Government accounting, Government of India, India's Big Business, India's Cabinet Government, India's Government economists, India's 1991 Economic Reform, India's balance of payments, India's Budget, India's bureaucracy, India's Capital Markets, India's constitutional politics, India's corruption, India's currency history, India's Economic History, India's Economy, India's Exports, India's Foreign Exchange Reserves, India's Government Budget Constraint, India's Industry, India's inflation, India's Macroeconomics, India's Monetary & Fiscal Policy, India's Polity, India's Public Finance, India's Reserve Bank, India's State Finances, Institute of Economic Affairs, Jagdish Bhagwati, Jean Drèze, LK Advani, Manmohan Singh, Margaret Thatcher's Revolution, Mihir Kumar Roy (MKRoy), Milton Friedman, Money and banking, Padma Desai, Paper money and deposits, Political Economy, Public Choice/Public Finance, Public property waste fraud, Rajiv Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi's assassination, Reverse-Euro Model for India, Sen-Bhagwati spat, Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Sonia Gandhi, Subroto Roy, Sukhamoy Chakravarty, The Times (London), University of Hawaii, William E (Ted) James (1951-2010). Leave a Comment »

Twenty Years Ago in New Delhi March 18-23 1991: Excerpt from “Rajiv Gandhi & the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform” (2011)

March 21, 2011 — drsubrotoroy

Twenty Years Ago in New Delhi March 18-23 1991: Excerpt from https://independentindian.com/thoughts-words-deeds-my-work-1973-2010/rajiv-gandhi-and-the-origins-of-indias-1991-economic-reform/

“I returned to Delhi on Monday, March 18, 1991 as new elections had been announced. Rasgotra said I should be in touch with Krishna Rao, and the next day March 19 Krishna Rao met me for several hours. I told him what I thought were the roots and results of the Gulf war. He in turn generously told me what had happened while I had been away. He said the group had met Rajiv in December with the proposal that Rajiv better organize his time by having an “office manager” of larger political stature than George. The name of a UP Congressman of integrity had been put forward, but nothing had come of it. Rajiv had been advised to keep Chandrashekhar in power through the autumn of 1991, as Chandrashekhar was doing Rajiv’s work for him of sidelining V. P. Singh. The idea was to cooperate with Chandrashekhar until he could be pushed up to the Presidency when that fell vacant. Rajiv had been advised not to work in a Chandrashekhar cabinet, though in my opinion, had we been like the Scandinavians, it was not impossible for a former prime minister to enter another cabinet on the right terms in the national interest of providing stable government, which was imperative at the time. Things seem to have slipped out of control when Chandrashekhar resigned. At that point, Rajiv called the group together and instructed them to write a draft of the manifesto for the impending elections. I had advised readiness back in September but the lack of organization had prevented much tangible progress at the time. Our group was to now report to a political manifesto-committee of three senior party leaders who would report to Rajiv. They were Narasimha Rao, Pranab Mukherjee and Madhavsingh Solanki. Krishna Rao liased with Narasimha Rao, Krishnamurty with Mukherjee, Pitroda with Solanki. While Rajiv would obviously lead a new Congress Government, Mukherjee was the presumptive Finance Minister, while Narasimha Rao and Solanki would have major portfolios though Narasimha Rao was expected to retire before too long.

Krishna Rao said I should be in touch with Krishnamurty who was preparing the economic chapters of the draft of the manifesto. Krishnamurty told me he had brought in A. M. Khusro to the group, and there would be a 5 p.m. meeting at Khusro’s office at the Aga Khan Foundation. I arrived early and was delighted to meet Khusro, and he seemed pleased to meet me. Khusro seemed excited by my view that India and Pakistan were spending excessively on defence against each other, which resonated with his own ideas, and he remarked the fiscal disarray in India and Pakistan could start to be set right by mutually agreed cuts in military spending. (Khusro was eventually to accompany Prime Minister Vajpayee to Lahore in 1999).

Krishnamurty had prepared a draft dated March 18 of several pages of the economic aspects of the manifesto. After our discussions, Krishnamurty was hospitable enough to open the draft to improvement. That evening, the 19th, I worked through the night and the next morning to get by noon copies of a revised version with all the members of the group. At 4 p.m. on the 20th there was a meeting at Andhra Bhavan of the whole group except Pitroda, which went on until the night. The next day the 21st , Krishnamurty, Khusro and I met again at Andhra Bhavan for a few hours on the economic aspects of the draft. Then in mid-afternoon I went to Rasgotra’s home to work with him and Krishna Rao. They wanted me to produce the economic draft which they could then integrate as they wished into the material they were dictating to a typist. I offered instead to absorb their material directly on to my laptop computer where the economic draft was. Rasgotra was reluctant to let go control, and eventually I gave in and said I would get them a hard copy of the economic draft, which they then planned to re-draft via a stenographer on a typewriter. At this, Rasgotra gave in and agreed to my solution. So the work began and the three of us continued until late.

That night Krishna Rao dropped me at Tughlak Road where I used to stay with friends. In the car I told him, as he was a military man with heavy security cover for himself as a former Governor of J&K, that it seemed to me Rajiv’s security was being unprofessionally handled, that he was vulnerable to a professional assassin. Krishna Rao asked me if I had seen anything specific by way of vulnerability. With John Kennedy and De Gaulle in mind, I said I feared Rajiv was open to a long-distance sniper, especially when he was on his campaign trips around the country.

This was one of several attempts I made since October 1990 to convey my clear impression to whomever I thought might have an effect that Rajiv seemed to me extremely vulnerable. Rajiv had been on sadhbhavana journeys, back and forth into and out of Delhi. I had heard he was fed up with his security apparatus, and I was not surprised given it seemed at the time rather bureaucratized. It would not have been appropriate for me to tell him directly that he seemed to me to be vulnerable, since I was a newcomer and a complete amateur about security issues, and besides if he agreed he might seem to himself to be cowardly or have to get even closer to his security apparatus. Instead I pressed the subject relentlessly with whomever I could. I suggested specifically two things: (a) that the system in place at Rajiv’s residence and on his itineraries be tested, preferably by some internationally recognized specialists in counter-terrorism; (b) that Rajiv be encouraged to announce a shadow-cabinet. The first would increase the cost of terrorism, the second would reduce the potential political benefit expected by terrorists out to kill him. On the former, it was pleaded that security was a matter being run by the V. P. Singh and then Chandrashekhar Governments at the time. On the latter, it was said that appointing a shadow cabinet might give the appointees the wrong idea, and lead to a challenge to Rajiv’s leadership. This seemed to me wrong, as there was nothing to fear from healthy internal contests for power so long as they were conducted in a structured democratic framework. I pressed to know how public Rajiv’s itinerary was when he travelled. I was told it was known to everyone and that was the only way it could be since Rajiv wanted to be close to the people waiting to see him and had been criticized for being too aloof. This seemed to me totally wrong and I suggested that if Rajiv wanted to be seen as meeting the crowds waiting for him then that should be done by planning to make random stops on the road that his entourage would take. This would at least add some confusion to the planning of potential terrorists out to kill him. When I pressed relentlessly, it was said I should probably speak to “Madame”, i.e. to Mrs. Rajiv Gandhi. That seemed to me highly inappropriate, as I could not be said to be known to her and I should not want to unduly concern her in the event it was I who was completely wrong in my assessment of the danger. The response that it was not in Congress’s hands, that it was the responsibility of the V. P. Singh and later the Chandrashekhar Governments, seemed to me completely irrelevant since Congress in its own interests had a grave responsibility to protect Rajiv Gandhi irrespective of what the Government’s security people were doing or not doing. Rajiv was at the apex of the power structure of the party, and a key symbol of secularism and progress for the entire country. Losing him would be quite irreparable to the party and the country. It shocked me that the assumption was not being made that there were almost certainly professional killers actively out to kill Rajiv Gandhi — this loving family man and hapless pilot of India’s ship of state who did not seem to have wished to make enemies among India’s terrorists but whom the fates had conspired to make a target. The most bizarre and frustrating response I got from several respondents was that I should not mention the matter at all as otherwise the threat would become enlarged and the prospect made more likely! This I later realized was a primitive superstitious response of the same sort as wearing amulets and believing in Ptolemaic astrological charts that assume the Sun goes around the Earth — centuries after Kepler and Copernicus. Perhaps the entry of scientific causality and rationality is where we must begin in the reform of India’s governance and economy. What was especially repugnant after Rajiv’s assassination was to hear it said by his enemies that it marked an end to “dynastic” politics in India. This struck me as being devoid of all sense because the unanswerable reason for protecting Rajiv Gandhi was that we in India, if we are to have any pretensions at all to being a civilized and open democratic society, cannot tolerate terrorism and assassination as means of political change. Either we are constitutional democrats willing to fight for the privileges of a liberal social order, or ours is truly a primitive and savage anarchy concealed beneath a veneer of fake Westernization.

The next day, Friday March 22, I worked from dawn to get the penultimate draft to Krishna Rao before noon as planned the night before. Rasgotra arrived shortly, and the three of us worked until evening to finish the job. I left for an hour to print out copies for a meeting of the entire group, where the draft we were going to submit would come to be decided. When I got back I found Rasgotra had launched an extended and quite unexpected attack on what had been written on economic policy. Would someone like Manmohan Singh, Rasgotra wanted to know, agree with all this talk we were putting in about liberalization and industrial efficiency? I replied I did not know what Manmohan Singh’s response would be but I knew he had been in Africa heading something called the South-South Commission for Julius Nyrere of Tanzania. I said what was needed was a clear forceful statement designed to restore India’s credit-worthiness, and the confidence of international markets. I said that the sort of thing we should aim for was to make clear, e.g. to the IMF’s man in Delhi when that person read the manifesto, that the Congress Party at least knew its economics and was planning to make bold new steps in the direction of progress. I had argued the night before with Rasgotra that on foreign policy we should “go bilateral” with good strong ties with individual countries, and drop all the multilateral hogwash. But I did not wish to enter into a fight on foreign policy which he was writing, so long as the economic policy was left the way we said. Krishnamurty, Khusro and Pitroda came to my defence saying the draft we had done greatly improved on the March 18 draft. For a bare half hour or so with all of us present, the draft was agreed upon. Later that night at Andhra Bhavan, I gave Krishna Rao the final copy of the draft manifesto which he was going to give Narasimha Rao the next day, and sent a copy to Krishnamurty who was liaising with Pranab Mukherjee. Pitroda got a copy on a floppy disc the next day for Solanki.

In its constructive aspects, the March 22 1991 draft of the Congress manifesto went as follows with regard to economic policy: “CHAPTER V AGENDA FOR ECONOMIC ACTION 1. Control of Inflation …. The Congress believes the inflation and price-rise of essential commodities… is a grave macroeconomic problem facing the country today. It has hit worst the poorest and weakest sections of our people and those with fixed incomes like pensioners. The Congress will give highest priority to maintaining the prices of essential commodities, increasing their production and supply using all appropriate economic instruments. 2. Macroeconomic Policy Framework To control inflation of the general price-level, the Congress will provide a predictable long-term policy framework. The average Indian household and business will not have their lives and plans disrupted by sudden changes in economic policy. Coherent monetary policy measures will be defined as called for by the Report of Experts of the Reserve Bank of India in 1985. The Long-Term Fiscal Policy introduced by the Congress Government of 1984-1989 will be revived. Medium and long-term export-import policies will be defined. The basis for a strong India must be a strong economy. The Congress believes a high rate of real growth is essential for securing a strong national defence, social justice and equity, and a civilized standard of living for all. As the party of self-reliance, Congress believes resources for growth must be generated from within our own economy. This means all wasteful and unproductive Government spending has to be cut, and resources transferred from areas of low priority to areas of high national priority. Subsidies have to be rationalized and reduced, and productivity of investments already made has to be improved. The widening gap between revenue receipts and revenue expenditure must be corrected through fiscal discipline, and the growing national debt brought under control as a matter of high priority. These policies in a consistent framework will create the environment for the freeing of the rupee in due course, making it a hard currency of the world of which our nation can be proud. Public resources are not unlimited. These have to be allocated to high priority areas like essential public services, poverty-reduction, strategic sectors, and protection of the interests of the weaker sections of society. Government has to leave to the initiative and enterprise of the people what can be best done by themselves. Government can now progressively vacate some areas of activity to the private, cooperative and non-government sectors. Black money in the parallel economy has become the plague of our economic and political system. This endangers the social and moral fabric of our nation. Artificial price controls, excessive licensing, capacity restrictions, outmoded laws on rent control and urban ceiling, and many other outdated rules and regulations have contributed to pushing many honest citizens into dishonest practices. The Congress will tackle the problem of black money at its roots by attacking all outmoded and retrograde controls, and simplifying procedures in all economic spheres. At the same time, the tax-base of the economy must be increased via simplification and rationalization of tax-rates and coverage, user-fees for public goods, and reduction of taxes wherever possible to improve incentives and stimulate growth. 3. Panchayati Raj India’s farmers and khet mazdoors are the backbone of our economy. Economic development is meaningless until their villages provide them a wholesome rural life. The Congress will revitalize Panchayat Raj institutions to decentralize decision-making, so development can truly benefit local people most effectively. 4. Rural Development Basic economic infrastructure like roads, communications, fresh drinking water, and primary health and education for our children must reach all our villages. The Congress believes such a policy will also relieve pressures from migration on our towns and cities…… Through the Green Revolution which the Congress pioneered over 25 years, our farmers have prospered. Now our larger farmers must volunteer to contribute more to the national endeavour, and hence to greater equity and overall economic development. Equity demands land revenue should be mildly graduated so that small farmers holding less than one acre pay less land revenue per acre…. 9. Education and Health The long-run prosperity of our nation depends on the general state of education, health and well-being of our people. Small families give themselves more choice and control over their own lives. Improving female literacy, promoting the welfare of nursing mothers and reducing infant mortality will have a direct bearing on reducing the birth-rate and improving the health and quality of all our people. Primary and secondary education has high social returns and is the best way in the long-run for achievement of real equality. Efforts will be made to reduce the cost of education for the needy through concessional supply of books and other study materials, scholarships and assistance for transportation and residential facilities. The Congress Party pledges to dedicate itself to promoting education, especially in rural areas and especially for girls and the weaker sections of society. The next Congress Government will prepare and launch a 10-year programme for introduction of free and compulsory primary education for all children of school age. It will continue to emphasize vocational bias in education, integrating it closely with employment opportunities…. 11. Industrial Efficiency Our industrial base in the private and public sectors are the core of our economy. What we have achieved until today has been creditable, and we are self-reliant in many areas. Now the time has come for industry to provide more efficiency and better service and product-quality for the Indian consumer. The public sector has helped the Indian economy since Independence and many national goals have been achieved. Now it has become imperative that the management of public sector units is made effective, and their productivity increased. Major steps must be taken for greater accountability and market-orientation. Failure to do this will make our country lose more and more in the international economy. Budgetary support will be given only for public sector units in the core and infrastructure sectors. Emphasis will be on improving performance and productivity of existing investments, not on creating added organizations or over manning. Units not in the core sector will be privatised gradually. Even in core sectors like Telecommunications, Power, Steel and Coal, incremental needs can be taken care of by the private sector. The Government-Enterprise interface must be properly defined in a White Paper. The Congress believes privatisation must distribute the profits equitably among the people of India. In order to make our public enterprises truly public, it is essential that the shares of many such enterprises are widely held by the members of the general public and workers. Congress pledges to allot a proportion of such shares to the rural Panchayats and Nagarpalikas. This will enhance their asset-base and yield income for their development activities, as well as improve income-distribution. 12. Investment and Trade Indian industry, Government and professional managers are now experienced enough to deal with foreign companies on an equal footing, and channel direct foreign investment in desired directions. Foreign companies often bring access to advanced technological know-how, without which the nation cannot advance. The Congress Government will formulate a pragmatic policy channelling foreign investment into areas important to the national interest. Every effort must be made also to encourage Indians who are outside India to invest in the industry, trade and real estate of their homeland. Because of the protected and inflationary domestic market, Indian industry has become complacent and the incentive for industrial exports has been weakened. When all production is comfortably absorbed at home, Indian industry makes the effort to venture into exports only as a last resort. This must change. A Congress Government will liberalize and deregulate industry to make it competitive and export-oriented, keeping in mind always the interests of the Indian consumer in commercial policy. Export-oriented and predictable commercial policies will be encouraged. Existing procedural constraints and bottlenecks will be removed. Quotas and tariffs will be rationalized. Thrust areas for export-development will be identified and monitored. Efforts will be made to develop a South Asian Community. Trade and economic cooperation among South Asian countries must be increased and simplified.”

This March 22 1991 draft of the Congress’s intended economic policies got circulated and discussed, and from it rumours and opinions appeared that Congress was planning to launch a major economic reform in India. Economic Times said the manifesto “is especially notable for its economic agenda” and Business Standard said “if party manifestos decide election battles” Congress must be “considered home and dry”. A senior IMF official told me three years later the manifesto had indeed seemed a radical and bold move in the direction of progress, which had been exactly our intended effect.

When I met Manmohan Singh at the residence of S. S. Ray in September 1993 in Washington, Ray told him and his senior aides the Congress manifesto had been written on my computer. Manmohan Singh smiled and said that when Arjun Singh and other senior members of the Congress had challenged him in the cabinet, he had pointed to the manifesto. Yet, oddly enough, while the March 22 draft got discussed and circulated, and the Indian economic reform since July 1991 corresponded in fundamental ways to its contents as reproduced above, the actual published Congress manifesto in April 1991 was as tepid and rhetorical as usual, as if some party hack had before publication put in the usual nonsense about e.g. bringing down inflation via price-controls. Certainly the published manifesto was wholly undistinguished in its economic aspects, and had nothing in it to correspond to the bold change of attitude towards economic policy that actually came to be signalled by the 1991 Government.

On March 23, our group was to meet Rajiv at noon. There was to be an event in the inner lawns of Rajiv’s residence in the morning, where he would launch Krishna Rao’s book on India’s security. Krishna Rao had expressly asked me to come but I had to wait outside the building patiently, not knowing if it was a mistake or if it was deliberate. This was politics after all, and I had ruffled feathers during my short time there. While I waited, Rajiv was speaking to a farmers’ rally being held at grounds adjoining his residence, and there appeared to be thousands of country folk who had gathered to hear him. When it was over, Rajiv, smiling nervously and looking extremely uncomfortable, was hoisted atop people’s shoulders and carried back to the residence by his audience. As I watched, my spine ran cold at the thought that any killer could have assassinated him with ease in that boisterous crowd, right there in the middle of Delhi outside his own residence. It was as if plans for his security had been drawn up without any strategic thinking underlying them.

Krishna Rao arrived and graciously took me inside for his book launch. The event was attended by the Congress’s top brass, including Narasimha Rao whom I met for the first time, as well as foreign military attaches and officers of the Indian armed forces. The attaché of one great power went about shaking hands and handing out his business card to everyone. I stood aside and watched. Delhi felt to me that day like a sieve, as if little could be done without knowledge of the embassies. One side wanted to sell arms, aircraft or ships, while the other wanted trips abroad or jobs or green cards or whatever for their children. And I thought Islamabad would be worse — could India and Pakistan make peace in this fetid ether?

Proceedings began when Rajiv arrived. This elite audience mobbed him just as the farmers had mobbed him earlier. He saw me and beamed a smile in recognition, and I smiled back but made no attempt to draw near him in the crush. He gave a short very apt speech on the role the United Nations might have in the new post-Gulf War world. Then he launched the book, and left for an investiture at Rashtrapati Bhavan.

We waited for our meeting with him, which finally happened in the afternoon. Rajiv was plainly at the point of exhaustion and still hard-pressed for time. He seemed pleased to see me and apologized for not talking in the morning. Regarding the March 22 draft, he said he had not read it but that he would be doing so. He said he expected the central focus of the manifesto to be on economic reform, and an economic point of view in foreign policy, and in addition an emphasis on justice and the law courts. I remembered our September 18 conversation and had tried to put in justice and the courts into our draft but had been over-ruled by others. I now said the social returns of investment in the judiciary were high but was drowned out again. Rajiv was clearly agitated that day by the BJP and blurted out he did not really feel he understood what on earth they were on about. He said about his own family, “We’re not religious or anything like that, we don’t pray every day.” I felt again what I had felt before, that here was a tragic hero of India who had not really wished to be more than a happy family man until he reluctantly was made into a national leader against his will. We were with him for an hour or so. As we were leaving, he said quickly at the end of the meeting he wished to see me on my own and would be arranging a meeting. One of our group was staying back to ask him a favour. Just before we left, I managed to say to him what I felt was imperative: “The Iraq situation isn’t as it seems, it’s a lot deeper than it’s been made out to be.” He looked at me with a serious look and said “Yes I know, I know.” It was decided Pitroda would be in touch with each of us in the next 24 hours. During this time Narasimha Rao’s manifesto committee would read the draft and any questions they had would be sent to us. We were supposed to be on call for 24 hours. The call never came. Given the near total lack of system and organization I had seen over the months, I was not surprised. Krishna Rao and I waited another 48 hours, and then each of us left Delhi. Before going I dropped by to see Krishnamurty, and we talked at length. He talked especially about the lack of the idea of teamwork in India. Krishnamurty said he had read everything I had written for the group and learned a lot. I said that managing the economic reform would be a critical job and the difference between success and failure was thin.

I got the afternoon train to Calcutta and before long left for America to bring my son home for his summer holidays with me. In Singapore, the news suddenly said Rajiv Gandhi had been killed. All India wept. What killed him was not merely a singular act of criminal terrorism, but the system of humbug, incompetence and sycophancy that surrounds politics in India and elsewhere. I was numbed by rage and sorrow, and did not return to Delhi. Eleven years later, on 25 May 2002, press reports said “P. V. Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh lost their place in Congress history as architects of economic reforms as the Congress High command sponsored an amendment to a resolution that had laid credit at the duo’s door. The motion was moved by…. Digvijay Singh asserting that the reforms were a brainchild of the late Rajiv Gandhi and that the Rao-Singh combine had simply nudged the process forward.” Rajiv’s years in Government, like those of Indira Gandhi, were in fact marked by profligacy and the resource cost of poor macroeconomic policy since bank-nationalisation may be as high as Rs. 125 trillion measured in 1994 rupees. Certainly though it was Rajiv Gandhi as Leader of the Opposition in his last months who was the principal architect of the economic reform that came to begin after his passing.”

Rajiv Gandhi 20 August 1944- 21 May 1991

Rajiv-Gandhi-and-the-origins-of-indias-1991-economic-reform/
. See also https://independentindian.com/2013/08/23/did-jagdish-bhagwati-originate-pioneer-intellectually-father-indias-1991-economic-reform-did-manmohan-singh-or-did-i-through-my-encounter-with-rajiv-gandhi-just-as-siddhartha-shan/also

https://independentindian.com/2011/05/21/twenty-years-ago-today-march-23-1991-an-excerpt/

Posted in Congress Party, Congress Party History, History of Indian National Congress, India's 1991 Economic Reform, India's constitutional politics, India's crimes, India's Economy, India's political parties, India's Politics, Indian National Congress, Manmohan Singh, Political assassinations, Rajiv Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi's assassination, Sonia Gandhi. Leave a Comment »

Will the Telangana flare-up awaken New Delhi from its dream-world and into India’s political reality?

December 13, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

Subroto Roy thinks the flare-up of the Telangana issue has one and only one positive consequence: it brings home to New Delhi’s ruling elite that there are real political questions in India, and not everything can be left to spin-doctors and lobbyists to handle.

Important summits in the USA, Russia, Copenhagen can be attended by the Prime Minister of India as he is not a Member of the Lok Sabha

December 7, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

Subroto Roy notes that since Dr Manmohan Singh is the first Indian Prime Minister ever to have chosen with deliberation not to be a member of the Lok Sabha, he has been free to hold important summits at the White House, Kremlin, Copenhagen etc while the Lok Sabha debates mundane matters like the Liberhan Commission report, inflation etc.

Parliament is supposed to control the Government, not be bullied or intimidated by it: Will Rahul Gandhi be able to lead the Backbenches in the 15th Lok Sabha?

June 1, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

Any Lok Sabha MP who neither sits with the Opposition nor is a sworn-in member of the Government is a Backbench MP of the Government party or its coalition.

Shrimati Sonia Gandhi is the most prominent of such Backbench MPs in the 15th Lok Sabha, just as she was of the 14th Lok Sabha, and has chosen to be in a most peculiar position from the point of view of parliamentary law. As the leader of the largest parliamentary party, she could have been not merely a member of the Government but its Prime Minister. She has in fact had a decisive role in determining the composition of the Manmohan Government as well as its policies. She in fact sits on the Frontbenches in the Lok Sabha along with the Manmohan Government. But she is not a member of the Government and is, formally speaking, a Backbench MP who is choosing to sit in the Frontbenches.

(Dr Manmohan Singh himself, not being a member of the Lok Sabha, may, formally speaking, sit or speak from among the Frontbenches of his own Government only by invitation of the Lok Sabha Speaker as a courtesy – such would have been the cardinal reason why Alec Douglas-Home resigned from being Lord Home and instead stood for a House of Commons seat when he was appointed British Prime Minister.)

Sonia Gandhi’s son, Mr Rahul Gandhi, is also a Backbench MP. From all accounts, including that of Dr Singh himself, he could have been a member of Dr Singh’s Government but has specifically chosen not to be. He has appeared to have had some much lesser role than Sonia Gandhi in determining the composition of the Government and its policies but he is not a member of it. He is, formally speaking, a Backbench MP, indeed the most prominent to actually sit in the Backbenches, as he had done in the 14th Lok Sabha, which, it is to be hoped, he does in the 15th Lok Sabha too.

Now Rahul Gandhi, Sonia Gandhi and their 541 other fellow 15th Lok Sabha MPs were declared winners by May 16 2009 having won the Indian people’s vote.

(Incidentally, I predicted the outcome here two hours before polls closed on May 13 – how I did so is simply by having done the necessary work of determining that some 103 million people had voted for Congress in 2004 against some 86 million for the BJP; in my assessment Congress had done more than enough by way of political rhetoric and political reality to maintain if not extend that difference in 2009, i.e., the BJP had not done nearly enough to even begin to get enough of a net drift in its favour. I expect when the data are out it shall be seen that the margin of the raw vote between them has been much enlarged from 2004.)

As I have pointed out here over the last fortnight, there was no legal or logical reason why the whole 15th Lok Sabha could not have been sworn in latest by May 18 2009.

Instead, Dr Manmohan Singh on May 18 held a purported “Cabinet” meeting of the defunct 14th Lok Sabha – an institution that had been automatically dissolved when Elections had been first announced! The Government then went about forming itself over two weeks despite the 15th Lok Sabha, on whose confidence it depended for its political legitimacy, not having been allowed to meet. Everyone – the Congress Party’s Supreme Court advocates, the Lok Sabha Secretariat, the Election Commission, Rashtrapati Bhavan too – seems to have gotten it awfully wrong by placing the cart before the horse.

In our system it is Parliament that is sovereign, not the Executive Government. In fact the Executive is accountable to Parliament, specifically the Lok Sabha, and is supposed to be guided by it as well as hold its confidence at all times.

What has happened instead this time is that Government ministers have been busy taking oaths and entering their offices and making policy-decisons days before they have taken their oaths and their seats as Lok Sabha MPs! The Government has thus started off by diminishing Parliament’s sovereignty and this should not be allowed to happen again.

(Of course why it took place is because of the peculiarity of the victory relative to our experience in recent decades – nobody could remember parliamentary traditions from Nehru’s time in the 1950s. Even so, someone, e.g. the former Speaker, should have known and insisted upon explaining the relevant aspect of parliamentary law and hence avoided this breach.)

A central question now is whether a Government which has such a large majority, and which is led by someone in and has numerous ministers from the Rajya Sabha, is going to be adequately controlled and feel itself accountable to the Lok Sabha.

Neither of the Lok Sabha’s most prominent Backbenchers, Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi, have thus far distinguished themselves as Parliamentarians on the floor of the Lok Sabha. In the 14th Lok Sabha, Sonia Gandhi, sitting in the Frontbenches, exercised the enormous control that she did over the Government not on the floor of the House itself but from outside it.

It would be best of all if she chose in the 15th Lok Sabha to actually physically sit in the Congress’s Backbenches because that would ensure best that the Government Party’s ministers in the Frontbenches will keep having to seek to be accountable to the Backbenches!

But this seems unlikely to happen in view of the fact she herself seems to have personally influenced the choice of a Speaker for the 15th Lok Sabha and it may be instead expected that she continues to sit on the Frontbenches with the Government without being a member of it.

That leaves Rahul Gandhi. If he too comes to be persuaded by the sycophants to sit on the Frontbenches with the Government, that will not be a healthy sign.

On the other hand, if he continues to sit on the Backbenches, he may be able to have a salubrious influence on the 15th Lok Sabha fulfilling its responsibility of seeking to seriously control and hold accountable the Executive Government, and not be bullied or intimidated by it. His paternal grandfather, Feroze Gandhi, after all, may have been India’s most eminent and effective Backbench MP yet.

Subroto Roy, Kolkata

Note to Posterity: 79 Ministers in office but no 15th Lok Sabha until June 1 2009!

May 29, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

The Government of India’s 79 Ministers have taken to their offices like bees to honey yet the 15th Lok Sabha that the people of India elected a fortnight ago is still three days from being convened.

In other words, people have been taking oaths and entering offices as Ministers even before they have taken their oaths or their seats in the 15th Lok Sabha which accords the Government its political legitimacy by its confidence!

Let posterity recall that the 15th Lok Sabha was made to needlessly wait from May 16 2009 until June 1 2009 and despite this the Government formed itself and entered office during that time. It cannot be something that helps the psychology or morale of our elected representatives nor be something conducive to the smooth working of the House.

It is all a terrible constitutional muddle which I doubt the PM or his party or Government, or even the Opposition, will admit to or want to clear up on their own but shall probably have to await a Constitutional Bench of the Supreme Court of India telling them what parliamentary law is in due course.

Subroto Roy

Eleven days and counting after the 15th Lok Sabha was elected and still no Parliament of India! (But we do have 79 Ministers — might that be a world record?)

May 28, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

A lawyer friend tells me she thinks it a “technicality” that there is no Lok Sabha or Parliament in India today despite eleven long days and nights having passed since the 15th Lok Sabha came to be elected by the people of India. “At least we did not get Advani and Modi to rule”, is how she sought to justify the current circumstance. I am afraid I think she has produced a non sequitur, and also forgotten the constitutional law she would have read as a student.

The best argument that I think the Government of India shall be able to give justifying their legal error in not having the 15th Lok Sabha up and running yet 11 days after India’s people have spoken would run something like this:

(1) The President of India invites a Council of Ministers led by a PM to form the government and has done so.

(2) The President must be satisfied that the PM commands a majority in the Lok Sabha, and the President has been satisfied by the 322 “letters of support” that the PM produced.

(3) The Government of the day calls parliamentary sessions and does so at its discretion, and the Government of the day headed by this PM has announced when it shall call the 15th Lok Sabha which will be in a few days yet.

Any such argument, I am afraid, would be specious because it simply puts the cart before the horse.

Parliament is sovereign in India, to repeat what I have said several times before.

Parliament is sovereign in India — not even the President who is the symbol of that sovereignty. We do not follow the British quite exactly in this because we are a republic and not a monarchy. In Britain sovereignty rests with “The King in Parliament”. With us, Parliament is sovereign and the President is the symbol of that sovereignty. In all matters of state, our President must act in a manner that Parliament and parliamentary law says.

Parliament is sovereign in India — not the Executive Government, certainly not its largest political party or its leader.

Parliament is sovereign in India because the people of India have chosen it to be so within the Constitution of India.

Parliament is sovereign in India and the people of India have elected the 15th Lok Sabha which has still not been allowed to meet eleven days later.

To the contrary, as noted days ago, the purported “Cabinet” of the 14th Lok Sabha, a dead institution, met on May 18 2009, some 48 hours after the 15th Lok Sabha had already been declared! The 14th Lok Sabha in fact stood automatically dissolved in law when General Elections came to be announced.

Is all this merely a “technicality” as my friend believes? I think not.

Executive Government in India derives its political legitimacy from being elected by Parliament, i.e., from holding the confidence of Parliament, and that means the Lok Sabha.

The Government of the day might for sake of convenience have a prerogative of calling sessions of the 15th Lok Sabha once it has been constituted but the Government of the day cannot logically constitute a Lok Sabha after a General Election because it itself receives legitimacy from such a Lok Sabha.

If the 15th Lok Sabha has not met, confidence in any Executive has yet to be recorded, and hence any such Government has yet to receive legitimacy.

Do “322 letters of support” suffice? Hardly. They are signed after all by persons who have yet to take their seats in the Lok Sabha! (Let us leave aside the fact that the PM, not being a member of the Lok Sabha, is in this case unable to be one of those 322 himself!)

Yet we have 79 “Ministers” of this new “Government” holding press-conferences and giving out free-bees and favours etc already. As I have said before, Ambedkar, Nehru and others of their generation, plus Indira and Rajiv too, would all have been appalled.

Because the incompetence of the fascists and communists in the Opposition may continue to be expected, it will be up to ordinary citizens and voters of India to point out such simple truths whenever the Emperor is found to be naked. (Our docile juvenile ingratiating media may well remain mostly hopeless.)

Subroto Roy

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Why does India not have a Parliament ten days after the 15th Lok Sabha was elected? Nehru and Rajiv would both have been appalled (2009)

May 27, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

see too

Why has the Sonia Congress done something that the Congress under Nehru-Indira-Rajiv would not have done, namely, exaggerate the power of the Rajya Sabha and diminish the power of the Lok Sabha?

Parliament’s sovereignty has been diminished by the Executive: A record for future generations to know (2009)

Eleven days and counting after the 15th Lok Sabha was elected and still no Parliament of India! (But we do have 79 Ministers — might that be a world record?)

There are at least three Supreme Court lawyers, all highly voluble, among the higher echelons of Congress Party politicians; it is surprising that not one of them has been able to get the top Party leadership of Sonia Gandhi and Manmohan Singh to see the apparent breach of normal constitutional law in Parliament not having met more than 10 days after it was elected.

A Government has been formed, Ministers have entered their offices and have been holding press-conferences and taking executive decisions, wannabe-Ministers continue to be wrangling night-and-day for the plums of office — BUT THERE IS NO PARLIAMENT!

Today is the death-anniversary of Jawaharlal Nehru and last week was the death anniversary of Rajiv Gandhi.

Nehru, whatever his faults and infirmities, was an outstanding parliamentarian and a believer in the Westminster model in particular. He was intimately familiar with its unpoken customs and unwritten laws. He would have been completely appalled by the situation today where luminaries of the party that goes by the same name as the one he had led are paying obeisance to his memory 45 years after his death but have failed to see the absurdity in having a Government in office with no new Parliament ten days after a month-long General Election was over! (Incidentally, had he not left explicit instructions against any hero-worship taking place of himself too?)

Rajiv knew his grandfather and had acquired a sense of noblesse oblige from him. He too would have been appalled that the procedural business of government had been simply procrastinated over like this.

It surprises me that Dr Manmohan Singh, having been a post-graduate of Cambridge, having earned a doctorate from Oxford, and more recently having been awarded honorary doctorates from both Ancient Universities, should seem so unaware of the elements of the Westminster model of constitutional jurisprudence which guides our polity too.

It is too late now and the mistakes have been made. I hope his new Government will come to realise at some point and then keep in mind that our Executive receives political legitimacy from Parliament, not vice versa. An Executive can hardly be legitimately in office until the Parliament that is supposed to elect it has been sworn in.

As for our putative Opposition in the Parliament-yet-to-meet, it seems to have drawn a blank too, and eo ipso revealed its own constitutional backwardness and lethargy.

Subroto Roy

Posted in 15th Lok Sabha, Asia and the West, Britain, Britain in India, Britain's Parliament, British history, British Universities, Comparative Government, Congress Party, Constitutional law, Constitutional monarchy, Constitutional Politics, Elections, Government of India, India's 2009 General Election, India's Constitution, India's constitutional politics, India's Democracy, India's Election Commission, India's independence, India's Jurisprudence, India's Lok Sabha, India's nomenclatura, India's Parliament, India's political parties, India's Politics, India's Polity, India's Presidency, India's Rajya Sabha, India's Rule of Law, India's Supreme Court, Jawaharlal Nehru, Manmohan Singh, Parliamentary Government, Parliamentary Procedure, Political Philosophy, Political Science, Politics, Rajiv Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi's assassination, Sonia Gandhi, Westminster model. Leave a Comment »

Parliament’s sovereignty has been diminished by the Executive: A record for future generations to know (2009)

May 25, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

Sad to say, Parliament’s sovereignty has been diminished, indeed usurped, by the new Executive Government.

Here is a brief record for future generations to know.

India’s people completed their voting in the 15th General Elections on Wednesday May 13 2009.

The results of how they had spoken, what was their will, were known and declared by Saturday May 16 2009.

There was no legal or logical reason why the 543 members of the 15th Lok Sabha could not have been sworn in as new MPs by the close-of-business on Monday May 18 at the latest.

On Tuesday May 19 the 15th Lok Sabha could have and should have met to elect itself a pro tem or even a permanent Speaker.

The Speaker would have divided the new House into its Government Party and its Opposition.

There would have been a vote of confidence on the floor of the House, which in the circumstances would have been in favour of the Government Party.

Observing this to have taken place, the Hon’ble President of India as the Head of State would have sent for the leader of the Government Party and invited her to form the new Government.

In this particular case, the leader of the largest political party, namely Sonia Gandhi, would have been accompanied perhaps by the Leader of the Lok Sabha, Pranab Mukherjee, as well as her personal nominee for the position of PM, namely, Manmohan Singh.

Sonia Gandhi would have respectfully declined the invitation of the President to be the new Prime Minister, and she would have also explained that she wanted Manmohan Singh to have the position instead.

The President would have said “Very well, Dr Singh, can you please form the Government?”

He would have said, “Yes Madame President it shall be a privilege and an honour to do so”.

The President would have added, “Thank you, and I notice you are not a member of the Lok Sabha at the moment but I am sure you are taking steps towards becoming one.”

End of visit.

Manmohan Singh would have been sworn in as PM and would have gone about adding Ministers at a measured pace. Later, he would have resigned his Rajya Sabha seat and sought election to the Lok Sabha on the parliamentary precedent set by Alec Douglas-Home.

What has happened instead?

On May 18 2009, instead of 543 members of the 15th Lok Sabha taking their oaths as required by parliamentary law and custom, Dr Singh held a purported “Cabinet” meeting of the 14th Lok Sabha — a long-since dead institution!

Some of the persons attending this meeting as purported “Cabinet ministers” had even lost their seats in the elections decided a few days earlier and so had absolutely zero democratically legitimate status left. All these persons then submitted their purported resignations which Dr Singh carried to the President, stating his Government had resigned. The President then appointed him a caretaker PM and he, along with Sonia Gandhi, then went about “staking claim” to form the next Government — turning up at the President’s again with “letters of support” signed by some 322 persons who were MP-elects but were yet to become MPs formally by not having been sworn in.

The President appeared satisfied the party Sonia Gandhi and Manmohan Singh belonged to would command a majority in prospect in the Lok Sabha and invited him to be PM. Some major public wrangling then took place with at least one of his allies about cabinet berths — and that is the situation as of the present moment except that Dr Singh and several others have been sworn in as the Council of Ministers even though the new 15th Lok Sabha of 543 members has still not convened! It has been all rather sloppy and hardly uplifting.

Parliament is supposed to be sovereign in India.

Not the Executive Government or the largest political party or its leader.

The sovereignty of Parliament required Sonia Gandhi and Dr Singh to have realised

first, that the 14th Lok Sabha stood automatically dissolved when elections were announced;

secondly, that the 15th Lok Sabha could have and should have been sworn in by Monday May 18;

thirdly, that there should have been a vote of confidence in the Lok Sabha immediately which would have gone in favour of the Government Party;

fourthly, that only then should the Executive Government have been sought to be formed;

and of course fifthly, that if that Executive Government was to be led by someone who happened to be a member of the Rajya Sabha and not the Lok Sabha, parliamenary law and custom required him to follow the Douglas-Home precedent of resigning from the former and seeking election to the latter at the earliest opportunity.

Let future generations know that as of today, May 25, the 543 persons whom the people of India voted to constitute the 15th Lok Sabha still remain in limbo without having been sworn in though we already have an Executive Government appointed!

The sovereignty of Parliament, specifically that of the Lok Sabha, has come to be diminished, indeed usurped, by the Executive. It is the Executive that receives its political legitimacy from Parliament, not vice versa. Nehru and his generation knew all this intimately well and would have been appalled at where we in the present have been taking it.

Subroto Roy

Why has the Sonia Congress done something that the Congress under Nehru-Indira-Rajiv would not have done, namely, exaggerate the power of the Rajya Sabha and diminish the power of the Lok Sabha?

May 21, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

We in India did not invent the idea of Parliament, the British did. Even the British did not invent the idea of a “Premier Ministre”, the French did that, though the British came to develop its meaning most. Because these are not our own inventions, when something unusual happens in contemporary India to political entities and offices known as “Parliament”, “Prime Minister” etc, contrast and comparison is inevitable with standards and practices that have prevailed around the world in other parliamentary democracies.

Indeed we in India did not even fully invent the idea of our own Parliament though the national struggle led by the original Indian National Congress caused it to come to be invented. The Lok Sabha is the outcome of a long and distinguished constitutional and political history from the Morley-Minto reforms a century ago to the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms and Government of India Act of 1919 to the Government of India Act of 1935 and the first general elections of British India in 1937 (when Jawaharlal Nehru briefly became PM for the first time) and in due course the 1946 Constituent Assembly. Out of all this emerged the 1950 Constitution of India, drafted by that brilliant jurist BR Ambedkar as well as other sober intelligent well-educated and dedicated men and women of his time, and thence arose our first Lok Sabha following the 1951 General Elections.

About the Lok Sabha’s duties, I said in my March 30 2006 article “Logic of Democracy” in The Statesman

“What are Lok Sabha Members and State MLAs legitimately required to be doing in caring for their constituents? First of all, as a body as a whole, they need to elect the Government, i.e. the Executive Branch, and to hold it accountable in Parliament or Assembly. For example, the Comptroller and Auditor General submits his reports directly to the House, and it is the duty of individual legislators to put these to good use in controlling the Government’s waste, fraud or abuse of public resources. Secondly, MPs and MLAs are obviously supposed to literally represent their individual constituencies in the House, i.e. to bring the Government and the House’s attention to specific problems or contingencies affecting their constituents as a whole, and call for the help, funds and sympathy of the whole community on their behalf. Thirdly, MPs and MLAs are supposed to respond to pleas and petitions of individual constituents, who may need the influence associated with the dignity of their office to get things rightly done. For example, an impoverished orphan lad once needed surgery to remove a brain tumour; a family helping him was promised the free services of a top brain surgeon if a hospital bed and operating theatre could be arranged. It was only by turning to the local MLA that the family were able to get such arrangements made, and the lad had his tumour taken out at a public hospital. MPs and MLAs are supposed to vote for and create public goods and services, and to use their moral suasion to see that existing public services actually do get to reach the public.”

What about the Rajya Sabha? I said in the same article:

“Rajya Sabha Members are a different species altogether. Most if not all State Legislative Councils have been abolished, and sadly the present nature of the Rajya Sabha causes similar doubts to arise about its utility. The very idea of a Rajya Sabha was first mooted in embryo form in an 1888 book A History of the Native States of India, Vol I. Gwalior, whose author also advocated popular constitutions for the “Indian India” of the “Native States” since “where there are no popular constitutions, the personal character of the ruler becomes a most important factor in the government… evils are inherent in every government where autocracy is not tempered by a free constitution.” When Victoria was declared India’s “Empress” in 1877, a “Council of the Empire” was mooted but had remained a non-starter even until the 1887 Jubilee. An “Imperial Council” was now designed of the so-called “Native Princes”, which came to evolve into the “Chamber of Princes” which became the “Council of the States” and the Rajya Sabha. It was patterned mostly on the British and not the American upper house except in being not liable to dissolution, and compelling periodic retirement of a third of members. The American upper house is an equal if not the senior partner of the lower house. Our Rajya Sabha follows the British upper house in being a chamber which is duty-bound to oversee any exuberance in the Lok Sabha but which must ultimately yield to it if there is any dispute. Parliament in India’s democracy effectively means the Lok Sabha — where every member has contested and won a direct vote in his/her constituency. The British upper house used to have an aristocratic hereditary component which Tony Blair’s New Labour Government has now removed, so it has now been becoming more like what the Rajya Sabha was supposed to have been like.”

The Canadian upper house is similar to ours in intent: a place for “sober second thought” intended to curb the “democratic excesses” of the lower house. In the Canadian, British, Australian, Irish and our own cases, the Prime Minister, as the chief executive of the lower house has immense indirect power over the upper house, whether in appointing members or even, in the Australian case, dissolving the entire upper house if he/she wishes.

Now yesterday apparently Shrimati Sonia Gandhi, as the duly elected leader of the largest political party in the 15th Lok Sabha, accompanied by Dr Manmohan Singh, as her party’s choice for the position of Prime Minister, went to see the President of India where the Hon’ble President apparently appointed Dr Singh to be the Prime Minister of India – meaning the Prime Minister of the 15th Lok Sabha, except that Dr Singh is not a member of the Lok Sabha and apparently has had no intent of becoming one.

In 2004 Shrimati Gandhi had declined to accept an invitation to become PM and instead effectively recommended Dr Singh to be PM despite his not being a member of the Lok Sabha nor intending to be so. This exploited a constitutional loophole to the extent that the drafters of our 1950 Constitution happened not to have explicitly stated that the PM must be from the Lok Sabha. But the reason the founders of our democratic polity such as BR Ambedkar and Jawaharlal Nehru did not specify that the PM must be from the Lok Sabha was quite simply that it was a matter of complete obviousness to them and to their entire generation that this must be so — it would have been appalling to them and something beyond their wildest imagination that a later generation, namely our own, would exploit such a loophole and allow a PM to be appointed who is not a member of the Lok Sabha and intends not to be so.

Ambedkar, Nehru and all others of their time knew fully well that the history and intended purpose of the Lok Sabha was completely different from the history and intended purpose of the Rajya Sabha. They knew too fully well that Lord Curzon had been explicitly denied the leadership of Britain’s Tory Party in 1922 because that would have made him a potential PM when he was not prepared to be a member of the House of Commons. That specific precedent culminated a centuries’-old democratic trend of political power flowing from monarchs to lords to commoners, and has governed all parliamentary democracies worldwide ever since — until Dr Singh’s appointment in 2004.

When such an anomalous situation once arose in Britain, Lord Home resigned his membership of the House of Lords to contest a House of Commons seat as Sir Alec Douglas Home so that he could be PM in a manner consistent with parliamentary law.

Dr Singh instead for five years remained PM of India while not being a member of the Lok Sabha. Even if reasons and exigencies of State could have been cited for such an anomalous situation during his first term, there was really no such reason for him not to contest the 2009 General Election if he wished to be the Congress Party’s prime ministerial candidate a second time. Numerous Rajya Sabha members alongside him have contested Lok Sabha seats this time, and several have won.

As of today, Dr Singh is due to be sworn in tomorrow as Prime Minister for a second term while still having no declared intention of resigning from the Rajya Sabha and contesting a Lok Sabha seat instead. What the present-day Congress has done is elect him the leader of the “Congress Parliamentary Party” and claim that it is in such a capacity that he received the invitation to be Prime Minister of India. But surely if the question had been asked to the Congress Party under Nehru or Indira or Rajiv: “Can you foresee a circumstance ever in which the PM of India is not a member of the Lok Sabha?” their answer in each case would have been a categorical and resounding “no”.

So the question does arise why the Congress under Sonia Gandhi has with deliberation allowed such an anomalous situation to develop. Its effect is to completely distort the trends of relative political power between the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. On the one hand, the Lok Sabha’s power is deliberately made to diminish as the chief executive of the Government of India shall not be from the Lok Sabha but from “the other place” despite the Lok Sabha having greater political legitimacy by having been directly elected by India’s people. This sets a precedent that might get repeated in India in the future but which contradicts the worldwide trend in parliamentary democracies over decades and centuries in precisely the opposite direction – of power flowing in the direction of the people not away from them. On the other hand, the fact this anomalous idea has been pioneered by the elected leader of the largest political party in the Lok Sabha while her PM is in the Rajya Sabha causes a member of the lower house to have unexpected control over the upper house when the latter is supposed to be something of an independent check on the former!

It all really seems an unnecessary muddle and a jumbling up of normal constitutional law and parliamentary procedure. The Sonia-Manmohan Government at the outset of its second term should hardly want to be seen by history as having set a poor precedent using brute force. The situation can be corrected with the utmost ease by following the Alec Douglas Home example, with Dr Singh being given a relatively safe seat to contest as soon as possible, if necessary by some newly elected Congress MP resigning and allowing a bye-election to be called.

Subroto Roy

Posted in 15th Lok Sabha, Academic research, Alec Douglas Home, American democracy, Asia and the West, Athenian democracy, Bengal Constitutional Politics, Bengal Legislative Council, BR Ambedkar, Britain, Britain in India, Britain's monarchy, British history, Canadian Senate, Comparative Government, Congress Party, Conservative Party Britain, Constitutional law, Constitutional monarchy, Constitutional Politics, Curzon, Democracy, Expertise and democracy, France, Freedom, Government accounting, Government of India, India's 2009 General Election, India's Constitution, India's constitutional politics, India's Democracy, India's Electorate, India's History, India's independence, India's Jurisprudence, India's Lok Sabha, India's Nationalism, India's nomenclatura, India's Parliament, India's Polity, India's Presidency, India's Rajya Sabha, India's Rule of Law, Indian National Congress Origins, Indira Gandhi, International Law, Jawaharlal Nehru, Law, Manmohan Singh, Parliamentary Government, Parliamentary Procedure, Political Philosophy, Political Science, Rajiv Gandhi, Sonia Gandhi. 2 Comments »

What’s all this business about political parties “staking a claim” to Government? Can there not be more dignified behaviour towards the President of India?

May 20, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

Press reports today say “With a comfortable majority in the Lok Sabha, UPA Chairperson Sonia Gandhi and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh will meet President Pratibha Patil to stake claim (sic) to form the new government. This was decided unanimously at a meeting of the leaders of the United Progressive Alliance in which Gandhi was re-elected its Chairperson.” (emphasis added)

“Stake claim”?

“To stake a claim” is to show that you believe something is yours or to declare that something belongs to you.

Is that what Jawaharlal Nehru did with Dr Rajendra Prasad or Dr Radhakrishnan? He went and said something like “Now look here Mr President, I would like to stake my claim to be Prime Minister of India now that this here General Election is over and I won”?

Is anyone else at present submitting any competing “claims” to the President? Of course not. Is the President unaware of the fact the General Elections are now over, or that she has a solemn duty to perform of inviting the leader of the largest political party in the new Lok Sabha to Rashtrapati Bhavan for an important chat? Why does it have to be said that someone has to “stake a claim” to be asked to form the Government when the field is open and there is no sign of any other “claimant”? Besides there has been the rush of political parties shooting off letters to the President declaring their support of Shrimati Gandhi and Dr Singh when they “stake claim” to the Government. What does the President of India do with such letter-carriers when they turn up at her doorstep uninvited? Offer each of them a cup of tea and a smile?

It is all hardly sober or uplifting — in fact, it is all rather undignified.

Perhaps a President of India might someday murmur something to the politicians like “Really, why do we need such talk about “staking claims”; I was going to invite you anyway.”

Posted in 15th Lok Sabha, Congress Party, India's Constitution, India's constitutional politics, India's Democracy, India's Jurisprudence, India's Lok Sabha, India's Parliament, India's Presidency, Manmohan Singh, Parliamentary Government, Parliamentary Procedure, Sonia Gandhi. Leave a Comment »

Starting with Procedural Error: Why has the “Cabinet” of the 14th Lok Sabha been meeting today AFTER the results of the Elections to the 15th Lok Sabha have been declared?!

May 18, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

The 14th Lok Sabha stood automatically dissolved when General Elections to the 15th Lok Sabha were first announced. A fortiori so did its Council of Ministers and its “Cabinet”.

Yet this morning Dr Manmohan Singh has held a purported “Cabinet Meeting” of the 14th Lok Sabha where its “members” (some of whom lost their seats!) purportedly submitted their “resignations” which he will then convey to the President with a request that the 14th Lok Sabha be dissolved!

Nyet!

The 14th Lok Sabha was dissolved and came to end eo ipso with the calling of the General Elections and any Council of Ministers and Cabinet that continued in existence was necessarily of a caretaker nature.

The 15th Lok Sabha has been elected as soon as the Election Commission has certified its final results. There can be no legitimate “Cabinet” of the 14th Lok Sabha subsisting alongside the 15th Lok Sabha even for one logical moment.

It is surprising we must begin perhaps with such a simple procedural error. It suggests there may be more to come. We must be sorry to see the steady corrosion of parliamentary law and custom.

Subroto Roy

Postscript: In the interregnum between the dissolution of the 14th Lok Sabha when General Elections are announced and the actual declaration of the results of the 15th, which has in fact taken a month or more, there is no functioning legislative branch of Government — though I would not disagree that if a national emergency like a war occurred during that period, the President in her wisdom would have a right to recall the 14th Lok Sabha if necessary as a kind of “caretaker” body for the duration of the emergency.

Posted in 15th Lok Sabha, Constitutional law, Constitutional Politics, Government of India, India's 2009 General Election, India's Constitution, India's constitutional politics, India's Democracy, India's Election Commission, India's Jurisprudence, India's Lok Sabha, India's Parliament, Manmohan Singh, Parliamentary Government, Parliamentary Procedure, Sonia Gandhi. Leave a Comment »

Inviting a new Prime Minister of India to form a Government: Procedure Right and Wrong (updated 2019 since 2009)

May 18, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

2019

Better Procedure:

So @LokSabhaSectt @rashtrapatibhvn here's the best timetable for #17thLokSabha:
Th 23/5 Results declared
Fri 24/5 EC certifies results
Sat Sun 25 26/5 Members sworn in
Mon 27/5 Speaker pro tem divides House; Prez invites new @PMOIndia to form a Gov't
Tue 28/5 Cabinet appointed https://t.co/d4mxufcTKX

— Dr Subroto Roy (@subyroy) May 19, 2019

So @LokSabhaSectt @rashtrapatibhvn please follow my timetable for #17thLokSabha:
Th 23/5 Results declared
Fri 24/5 EC certifies results
Sat Sun 25 26/5 Members sworn in
Mon 27/5 Speaker pro tem divides House; Prez invites new @PMOIndia to form a Gov't
Tue 28/5 Cabinet appointed https://t.co/hGwEe8mQ3J

— Dr Subroto Roy (@subyroy) May 19, 2019

So @LokSabhaSectt @rashtrapatibhvn please follow my timetable for #17thLokSabha: Th 23/5 Results declared Fri 24/5 EC certifies results Sat Sun 25 26/5 Members sworn in Mon 27/5 Speaker pro tem divides House; Prez invites new @PMOIndia to form a Gov’t Tue 28/5 Cabinet appointed

Better Procedure for #17thLokSabha.. Respected @rashtrapatibhvn @VPSecretariat @LokSabhaSectt @PMOIndia 16LS no longer exists as soon as results are certified by @ECISVEEP… Let 543 members of new #17thLokSabha be sworn in immediately one by one; let them elect a Speaker pro tem.

Let the Speaker pro tem divide the House between a putative Government & Opposition… Let @rashtrapatibhvn then invite the leader of the former side to visit him for a chat… @VPSecretariat @LokSabhaSectt @PMOIndia #17thLokSabha better then before please

Gen Chohan: Utopia not possible Prof. We can only dream IMO.

It’s the correct parliamentary logic tho.. Not hard to do… @ECISVEEP @SpokespersonECI informs @LokSabhaSectt of winning candidates; LS informs 543 new members of #17thLokSabha to turn up pronto and be sworn in; elect a Speaker pro tem, divide the House; @rashtrapatibhvn invites

It's the correct parliamentary logic tho.. Not hard to do… @ECISVEEP @SpokespersonECI informs @LokSabhaSectt of winning candidates; LS informs 543 new members of #17thLokSabha to turn up pronto and be sworn in; elect a Speaker pro tem, divide the House; @rashtrapatibhvn invites https://t.co/FUmwG3QykF

— Dr Subroto Roy (@subyroy) May 18, 2019

Worse Procedure:

Halla gulla … lists… parades of signatories… you know… Dilliwalla histrionics…

2009:

Better Procedure

The Hon’ble President of India invites the leader of the single largest political party in the 15th Lok Sabha to visit Rashtrapati Bhavan.

The leader does so, bringing with her, her own nominee for the Prime Ministership of India as she herself wishes to decline the invitation to be PM.

The President meets the leader alone and extends the invitation.

The invitation is respectfully declined with the recommendation that the Hon’ble President may perhaps consider instead the name of the person nominated by the leader.

The President agrees and extends the invitation to the latter in the presence of the leader. The latter accepts with thanks.

The President observes that since the PM-elect in this case happens not to be a member of the Lok Sabha, she hopes that he shall soon become one.

The meeting ends.

Worse Procedure

The leader of the single largest political party in the 15th Lok Sabha publicly announces her nominee for the position of Prime Minister.

The Hon’ble President of India comes to learn of this from the newspapers or television and extends an invitation to the latter.

The latter visits Rashtrapati Bhavan, receives and accepts the President’s invitation to form a Government.

Of related interest:

Parliament’s sovereignty has been diminished by the Executive

Memo to the Hon’ble President of India: It is Sonia Gandhi, not Manmohan Singh, who should be invited to our equivalent of the “Kissing Hands” Ceremony

Starting with Procedural Error: Why has the “Cabinet” of the 14th Lok Sabha been meeting today AFTER the results of the Elections to the 15th Lok Sabha have been declared?!

Memo to the Hon’ble President of India (May 16, 2009)

May 16, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

H.E. The Hon’ble Shrimati Pratibha Patil

President of India

Your Excellency,

As India is fortunately a Republic and not a Monarchy, we do not have a “Kissing Hands Ceremony” where “the monarch invites the incoming prime minister to form a government and swear allegiance to the throne”.

While we do not have such a ceremony literally, we do have its republican equivalent in the well-established constitutional custom of the President of India after a General Election inviting one person to be Prime Minister and to form the new Government.

It soon shall be your solemn duty to invite such a new Prime Minister of India to form the Government.

Given the results of the 15th General Elections to the Lok Sabha, that invitation may be extended only to the Leader of the winning coalition in the Lok Sabha, who is Shrimati Sonia Gandhi.

The outgoing Prime Minister, Dr Manmohan Singh, not having contested the Lok Sabha election, may not by you be invited to be Prime Minister at this stage.

What happened in 2004 was that Shrimati Sonia Gandhi declined to accept such an invitation and instead effectively appointed Dr Singh to be PM despite his not being a member of the Lok Sabha nor intending to be so.

This exploited a constitutional loophole to the extent that our Constitution did not explicitly state that the PM must be from the Lok Sabha.

What may have been passable as the hurried exploitation of a loophole in 2004 is surely not acceptable in 2009.

Why the founders of our democratic polity such as BR Ambedkar and Jawaharlal Nehru did not specify that the PM must be from the Lok Sabha was quite simply that it was a matter of complete obviousness to them and to their entire generation that this must be so — it would have been appalling to them and something beyond their wildest imagination that a later generation, namely our own, would exploit this loophole and allow a PM to be appointed who is not a member of the Lok Sabha and intends not to be so.

Ambedkar, Nehru and all others of their time knew fully well that Lord Curzon had been explicitly denied the leadership of Britain’s Tory Party in 1922 because that would have made him a potential PM when he was not prepared to be a member of the House of Commons.

That specific precedent (culminating a centuries-old democratic trend of political power flowing from monarchs to lords to commoners) has governed all parliamentary democracies worldwide ever since — until Dr Singh’s appointment in 2004.

In fact, when such an anomalous situation once arose in Britain, Lord Home resigned his membership of the House of Lords to contest a House of Commons seat as Sir Alec Douglas Home so that he could be PM in a manner consistent with parliamentary law.

I believe you are fully within constitutional law and precedent to invite Shrimati Sonia Gandhi to form the new Government of India after the 15th General Elections to the Lok Sabha. If she declines and instead requests again the use of the loophole to appoint Dr Singh as PM, I believe that parliamentary law and precedent requires him to resign from the Rajya Sabha and instead contest a seat in the Lok Sabha.

Respectfully submitted

Subroto Roy, PhD (Cantab.), BScEcon (London)

Citizen and Voter

Postscript: Please see also here “Inviting a new Prime Minister of India to form a Government: Procedure Right and Wrong”.

My 2009 prediction of the Sonia Congress election win

May 13, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

It is now coming up to be 3 pm Indian Standard Time on May 13, the last day of India’s 2009 General Elections, and there are two hours left for the polls to close. I am happy to predict a big victory for the Congress Party, and Sonia Gandhi and her son Rahul will deserve congratulations for it.

How the victory takes shape is, I think, by their having won the median voter on both the economic and the secular-communal axes of Indian politics. (See my 2008 published graph on the Median Voter Model in Indian politics, available elsewhere here).

I have met Sonia Gandhi once, in December 1991 at her home, where I gave her a tape of her husband’s conversations with me during the first Gulf War in 1991. Her son and I met momentarily in her husband’s office in 1990-1991 but I do not recall any conversation. I have had nothing to do with her Government. Dr Manmohan Singh and I have met twice, once in Paris in the autumn of 1973 and once in Washington in September 1993; on the latter occasion, I was introduced to him and his key aides by Siddhartha Shankar Ray as the person on whose laptop the Congress manifesto of 1991 had been composed for Rajiv, something described elsewhere here. (I also gave him then a copy of the published book that emerged from the University of Hawaii perestroika-for-India project, Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s, edited by myself and WE James.) On the former occasion, Dr Singh had kindly acceded to my father’s request to visit our then-home to advise me on economics before I started as a freshman undergraduate at the London School of Economics.

In May 2004 I was interviewed by BBC television in England and I praised the UPA in prospect — in comparison to the horrors of the Vajpayee-Advani regime (including my personal experience of it, when their Education Minister had sent an astrology-believing acolyte to supposedly run a scientific/technical institute).

Since 2005, especially in the columns of The Statesman, I have dispensed rational criticism of the UPA Government as harshly as I have criticised the BJP/RSS and the Communists. Principally, I believe they have got some (perhaps most) much of their economics (quite badly) wrong as well as their jurisprudence and foreign policy; they have also been willingly under the influence of the powerful organised lobbies and interest groups that populate our capital cities.

Even so, I think there is a large electoral victory in prospect for the Congress, and I send them my early congratulations. They have done enough by way of political rhetoric and political reality to maintain or enhance their vote-share; their oppositions on either side have both failed badly. The BJP may make some marginal gains especially in Bihar but they have generally done enough to lose the day. The CPM too will lose popularity especially in Bengal, and will never progress until they fire their JNU economists which they are never going to do.

So, Sonia-Rahul, well done!

But please try to improve your economics.

And, also, you simply must get Dr Manmohan Singh a seat in the Lok Sabha if he is to be PM — Ambedkar and Nehru and all their generation did not specify that India’s PM must be from the Lok Sabha because it was something totally OBVIOUS.

Subroto Roy

Postscript: Someone at a website has referred to my prediction above and remarked: “Perhaps the good doc is aware of the money in play”. The answer is no, I have absolutely no special information about any “money in play” on any side. My prediction is based on a layman’s observation of the campaign, as well as more specialised analysis of past voting data from the EC. In an earlier post, I pointed out the BJP had gotten some 17 million fewer votes than the Congress in 2004, and I asked if they had done enough to get enough of a net change in their favour. The answer I think is that they have not done so. To the contrary, I think there will be a quite large net change in favour of Congress thanks to a better-run and better-led campaign. Of course it is just a prediction that may be found to be incorrect.
SR

A Dozen Grown-Up Questions for Indian Politicians Dreaming of Becoming/Deciding India’s PM After the 2009 General Elections

April 28, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

The 2009 General Election campaign is supposed to elect a Parliament and a Head of Government for the Republic of India, not a Head Boy/Head Girl at an urban middle-class high school or the karta of a joint family. Unfortunately, our comprador national-level media seem to be docile and juvenile enough in face of power and privilege to want to ask only touchy-feely koochi-woochi pretty baby questions of the “candidates” for PM (several of whom are not even running as candidates for the Lok Sabha but still seem to want to be PM). Rival candidates themselves seem to want to hurl invective and innuendo at one another, as if all this was merely some public squabble between Delhi middle-class families.

So here are a set of grown-up adult questions instead:

1. Pakistan is politically and strategically our most important neighbour. Can you assure the country that a government headed by you will have a coherent policy on both war and peace with Pakistan? How would you achieve it?

2. Do you agree with the Reagan-Gorbachev opinion that “a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought”? If so, what would your Government do about it?

3. If there are Indian citizens in Jammu & Kashmir presently governed by Article 370 who wish to renounce Indian nationality and remain stateless or become Pakistani/Afghan/Iranian citizens instead, would you consider letting them do so and giving them Indian “green cards” for peaceful permanent residence in J&K and India as a whole?

4. Do you know where Chumbi Valley is? If so, would your Government consider reviving the decades-old idea with China to mutually exchange permanent leases to Aksai Chin and Chumbi Valley respectively?

5. Nuclear power presently accounts as a source of about 4% of total Indian electricity; do you agree that even if nuclear power capacity alone increased by 100% over the next ten years and all other sources of electricity remained constant, nuclear power would still account for less than 8% of the total?

6. The public debt of the country may now amount to something like Rs 30 lakh crore (Rs 30 trillion); do you find that worrisome? If so, why so? If not, why not?

7. The Government of India may be paying something like Rs 3 lakh crore (Rs 3 trillion) annually on interest payments on its debt; do you agree that tends to suck dry every public budget even before it can try to do something worthwhile?

8. If our money supply growth is near 22% per annum, and the rate of growth of real income is near 7% per annum, would you agree the decline in the value of money (i.e., the rate of inflation) could be as high as 15% per annum?

9. Do you agree that giving poor people direct income subsidies is a far better way to help them than by distorting market prices for everybody? If not, why not?

10. How would you seek to improve the working of (and reduce the corruption in) the following public institutions: (1) the Army and paramilitary; (2) the Judiciary and Police; (3) Universities and technical institutes?

11. There has never been a Prime Minister in any parliamentary democracy in the world throughout the 20th Century who was also not an elected member of the Lower House; do you agree BR Ambedkar and Jawaharlal Nehru intended that for the Republic of India as well and thought it something so obvious as not necessary to specify in the 1950 Constitution? What will your Government do to improve the working of the Presidency, the Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State Assemblies?

12. What, personally, is your vision for India after a five-year period of a Government led by you?

Subroto Roy,

Citizen & Voter

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India’s 2009 General Elections: How 4125 State Assembly Constituencies comprise the 543 new Lok Sabha Constituencies

April 23, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

We appear to have no serious academic political science or voting theory available in the public domain in India today, despite our having the world’s vastest electorate. Our rather juvenile national-level media too often passes off personal gossip and wild speculation as analytical discussion.

There has been zero mention of the fact that the 15th Lok Sabha is the result of a brand new delimitation (or redistricting) exercise. Hence an enormous amount of uncertainty must be added to all calculations and attempts at prediction. Many old Assembly constituencies have been moved to new Lok Sabha constituencies — for example, Tollygunge was part of the old Calcutta South but is not anymore; Allahabad West and Allahabad North are not part of the new Allahabad Lok Sabha constituency, etc etc. What this means is that even if the actual votes received in 2009 were identical to those in 2004, there would be different electoral outcomes marginally and hence, most probably, in aggregate as well. The only thing not to be surprised by with the results after voting in this Election may be surprise itself!

[Postscript April 25: I am glad to see that two days after this post, one national newspaper has ever so slightly begun to realise the significance of delimitation.]

Here are some data based on the EC’s raw data to allow a better picture. It is placed here in the public interest; please check against the EC’s raw data before operational use.

Subroto Roy

State   Lok Sabha Constituency       State Assembly Constituency   No.
AP   ADILABAD   “S01   1”   SIRPUR   1
“S01   1”   ASIFABAD   5
“S01   1”   KHANAPUR   6
“S01   1”   ADILABAD   7
“S01   1”   BOATH   8
“S01   1”   NIRMAL   9
“S01   1”   MUDHOLE   10
AP   PEDDAPALLE   “S01   2”   CHENNUR   2
“S01   2”   BELLAMPALLY   3
“S01   2”   MANCHERIAL   4
“S01   2”   DHARMAPURI   22
“S01   2”   RAMAGUNDAM   23
“S01   2”   MANTHANI   24
“S01   2”   PEDDAPALLE   25
AP   KARIMNAGAR   “S01   3”   KARIMNAGAR   26
“S01   3”   CHOPPADANDI   27
“S01   3”   VEMULAWADA   28
“S01   3”   SIRCILLA   29
“S01   3”   MANAKONDUR   30
“S01   3”   HUZURABAD   31
“S01   3”   HUSNABAD   32
AP   NIZAMABAD   “S01   4”   ARMUR   11
“S01   4”   BODHAN   12
“S01   4”   NIZAMABAD (URBAN)   17
“S01   4”   NIZAMABAD (RURAL)   18
“S01   4”   BALKONDA   19
“S01   4”   KORATLA   20
“S01   4”   JAGTIAL   21
AP   ZAHIRABAD   “S01   5”   JUKKAL   13
“S01   5”   BANSWADA   14
“S01   5”   YELLAREDDY   15
“S01   5”   KAMAREDDY   16
“S01   5”   NARAYANKHED   35
“S01   5”   ANDOLE   36
“S01   5”   ZAHIRABAD   38
AP   MEDAK   “S01   6”   SIDDIPET   33
“S01   6”   MEDAK   34
“S01   6”   NARSAPUR   37
“S01   6”   SANGAREDDY   39
“S01   6”   PATANCHERU   40
“S01   6”   DUBBAK   41
“S01   6”   GAJWEL   42
AP   MALKAJGIRI   “S01   7”   MEDCHAL   43
“S01   7”   MALKAJGIRI   44
“S01   7”   QUTHBULLAPUR   45
“S01   7”   KUKATPALLY   46
“S01   7”   UPPAL   47
“S01   7”   LAL BAHADUR NAGAR   49
“S01   7”   SECUNDERABAD CANTT.   71
AP   SECUNDRABAD   “S01   8”   MUSHEERABAD   57
“S01   8”   AMBERPET   59
“S01   8”   KHAIRATABAD   60
“S01   8”   JUBILEE HILLS   61
“S01   8”   SANATH NAGAR   62
“S01   8”   NAMPALLI   63
“S01   8”   SECUNDRABAD   70
AP   HYDERABAD   “S01   9”   MALAKPET   58
“S01   9”   KARWAN   64
“S01   9”   GOSHAMAHAL   65
“S01   9”   CHARMINAR   66
“S01   9”   CHANDRAYANGUTTA   67
“S01   9”   YAKUTPURA   68
“S01   9”   BAHDURPURA   69
AP   CHELVELLA   “S01   10”   MAHESHWARAM   50
“S01   10”   RAJENDRANAGAR   51
“S01   10”   SERILINGAMPALLY   52
“S01   10”   CHEVELLA   53
“S01   10”   PARGI   54
“S01   10”   VICARADAB   55
“S01   10”   TANDUR   56
AP   MAHBUBNAGAR   “S01   11”   KODANGAL   72
“S01   11”   NARAYANPET   73
“S01   11”   MAHBUBNAGAR   74
“S01   11”   JADCHERLA   75
“S01   11”   DEVARKADRA   76
“S01   11”   MAKTHAL   77
“S01   11”   SHADNAGAR   84
AP   NAGARKURNOOL   “S01   12”   WANAPARTHY   78
“S01   12”   GADWAL   79
“S01   12”   ALAMPUR   80
“S01   12”   NAGARKURNOOL   81
“S01   12”   ACHAMPET   82
“S01   12”   KALWAKURTHY   83
“S01   12”   KOLLAPUR   85
AP   NALGONDA   “S01   13”   DEVARAKONDA   86
“S01   13”   NAGARJUNA SAGAR   87
“S01   13”   MIRYALGUDA   88
“S01   13”   HUZURNAGAR   89
“S01   13”   KODAD   90
“S01   13”   SURYAPET   91
“S01   13”   NALGONDA   92
AP   BHONGIR   “S01   14”   IBRAHIMPATNAM   48
“S01   14”   MUNUGODE   93
“S01   14”   BHONGIR   94
“S01   14”   NAKREKAL   95
“S01   14”   THUNGATHURTHY   96
“S01   14”   ALAIR   97
“S01   14”   JANGOAN   98
AP   WARANGAL   “S01   15”   GHANPUR (STATION)   99
“S01   15”   PALAKURTHI   100
“S01   15”   PARKAL   104
“S01   15”   WARANGAL WEST   105
“S01   15”   WARANGAL EAST   106
“S01   15”   WARDHANAPET   107
“S01   15”   BHUPALPALLE   108
AP   MAHABUBABAD   “S01   16”   DORNAKAL   101
“S01   16”   MAHABUBABAD   102
“S01   16”   NARSAMPET   103
“S01   16”   MULUG   109
“S01   16”   PINAPAKA   110
“S01   16”   YELLANDU   111
“S01   16”   BHADRACHELAM   119
AP   KHAMMAM   “S01   17”   KHAMMAM   112
“S01   17”   PALAIR   113
“S01   17”   MADIRA   114
“S01   17”   WYRA   115
“S01   17”   SATHUPALLI   116
“S01   17”   KOTHAGUDEM   117
“S01   17”   ASWARAOPETA   118
AP   ARUKU   “S01   18”   PALAKONDA   129
“S01   18”   KURUPAM   130
“S01   18”   PARVATHIPURAM   131
“S01   18”   SALUR   132
“S01   18”   ARAKU VALLEY   147
“S01   18”   PADERU   148
“S01   18”   RAMPACHODAVARAM   172
AP   SRIKAKULAM   “S01   19”   ICHCHAPURAM   120
“S01   19”   PALASA   121
“S01   19”   TEKKALI   122
“S01   19”   PATHAPATNAM   123
“S01   19”   SRIKAKULAM   124
“S01   19”   AMADALAVALASA   125
“S01   19”   NARASANNAPETA   127
AP   VIZIANAGARAM   “S01   20”   ETCHERLA   126
“S01   20”   RAJAM   128
“S01   20”   BOBBILI   133
“S01   20”   CHEEPURUPALLE   134
“S01   20”   GAJAPATHINAGARAM   135
“S01   20”   NELLIMARLA   136
“S01   20”   VIZIANAGARAM   137
AP   VISAKHAPATNAM   “S01   21”   SRUNGAVARAPUKOTA   138
“S01   21”   BHIMLI   139
“S01   21”   VISAKHAPATNAM EAST   140
“S01   21”   VISAKHAPATNAM SOUTH   141
“S01   21”   VISAKHAPATNAM NORTH   142
“S01   21”   VISAKHAPATNAM WEST   143
“S01   21”   GAJUWAKA   144
AP   ANAKAPALLI   “S01   22”   CHODAVARAM   145
“S01   22”   MADUGULA   146
“S01   22”   ANAKAPALLE   149
“S01   22”   PENDURTHI   150
“S01   22”   ELAMANCHILI   151
“S01   22”   PAYAKARAOPET   152
“S01   22”   NARSIPATNAM   153
AP   KAKINADA   “S01   23”   TUNI   154
“S01   23”   PRATHIPADU   155
“S01   23”   PITHAPURAM   156
“S01   23”   KAKINADA RURAL   157
“S01   23”   PEDDAPURAM   158
“S01   23”   KAKINADA CITY   160
“S01   23”   JAGGAMPETA   171
AP   AMALAPURAM   “S01   24”   RAMACHANDRAPURAM   161
“S01   24”   MUMMIDIVARAM   162
“S01   24”   AMALAPURAM   163
“S01   24”   RAZOLE   164
“S01   24”   GANNAVARAM   165
“S01   24”   KOTHAPETA   166
“S01   24”   MANDAPETA   167
AP   RAJAHMUNDRY   “S01   25”   ANAPARTHY   159
“S01   25”   RAJANAGARAM   168
“S01   25”   RAJAHMUNDRY CITY   169
“S01   25”   RAJAMUNDRY RURAL   170
“S01   25”   KOVVUR   173
“S01   25”   NIDADAVOLE   174
“S01   25”   GOPALAPURAM   185
AP   NARSAPURAM   “S01   26”   ACHANTA   175
“S01   26”   PALACOLE   176
“S01   26”   NARASAPURAM   177
“S01   26”   BHIMAVARAM   178
“S01   26”   UNDI   179
“S01   26”   TANUKU   180
“S01   26”   TADEPALLIGUDEM   181
AP   ELURU   “S01   27”   UNGUTURU   182
“S01   27”   DENDULURU   183
“S01   27”   ELURU   184
“S01   27”   POLAVARAM   186
“S01   27”   CHINTALAPUDI   187
“S01   27”   NUZVID   189
“S01   27”   KAIKALUR   192
AP   MACHILIPATNAM   “S01   28”   GANNAVARAM   190
“S01   28”   GUDIVADA   191
“S01   28”   PEDANA   193
“S01   28”   MACHILIPATNAM   194
“S01   28”   AVANIGADDA   195
“S01   28”   PAMARRU   196
“S01   28”   PENAMALURU   197
AP   VIJAYAWADA   “S01   29”   TIRUVURU   188
“S01   29”   VIJAYWADA WEST   198
“S01   29”   VIJAYAWADA CENTRAL   199
“S01   29”   VIJAYAWADA EAST   200
“S01   29”   MYLAVARAM   201
“S01   29”   NANDIGAMA   202
“S01   29”   JAGGAYYAPETA   203
AP   GUNTUR   “S01   30”   TADIKONDA   205
“S01   30”   MANGALAGIRI   206
“S01   30”   PONNUR   207
“S01   30”   TENALI   210
“S01   30”   PRATHIPADU   212
“S01   30”   GUNTUR WEST   213
“S01   30”   GUNTUR EAST   214
AP   NARASARAOPET   “S01   31”   PEDAKURAPADU   204
“S01   31”   CHILAKALURIPET   215
“S01   31”   NARASARAOPET   216
“S01   31”   SATTENPALLI   217
“S01   31”   VINUKONDA   218
“S01   31”   GURUZALA   219
“S01   31”   MACHERLA   220
AP   BAPATLA   “S01   32”   VEMURU   208
“S01   32”   REPALLE   209
“S01   32”   BAPATLA   211
“S01   32”   PARCHUR   223
“S01   32”   ADDANKI   224
“S01   32”   CHIRALA   225
“S01   32”   SANTHANUTHALAPADU   226
AP   ONGOLE   “S01   33”   YERRAGONDAPALEM   221
“S01   33”   DARSI   222
“S01   33”   ONGOLE   227
“S01   33”   KONDAPI   229
“S01   33”   MARKAPURAM   230
“S01   33”   GIDDALUR   231
“S01   33”   KANIGIRI   232
AP   NANDYAL   “S01   34”   ALLAGADDA   253
“S01   34”   SRISAILAM   254
“S01   34”   NANDIKOTKUR   255
“S01   34”   PANYAM   257
“S01   34”   NANDYAL   258
“S01   34”   BANAGANAPALLE   259
“S01   34”   DHONE   260
AP   KURNOOL   “S01   35”   KURNOOL   256
“S01   35”   PATTIKONDA   261
“S01   35”   KODUMUR   262
“S01   35”   YEMMIGANUR   263
“S01   35”   MANTRALAYAM   264
“S01   35”   ADONI   265
“S01   35”   ALUR   266
AP   ANANTAPUR   “S01   36”   RAYADURG   267
“S01   36”   URAVAKONDA   268
“S01   36”   GUNTAKAL   269
“S01   36”   TADPATRI   270
“S01   36”   SINGANAMALA   271
“S01   36”   ANANTAPUR URBAN   272
“S01   36”   KALYANDURG   273
AP   HINDUPUR   “S01   37”   RAPTADU   274
“S01   37”   MADAKASIRA   275
“S01   37”   HINDUPUR   276
“S01   37”   PENUKONDA   277
“S01   37”   PUTTAPARTHI   278
“S01   37”   DHARMAVARAM   279
“S01   37”   KADIRI   280
AP   KADAPA   “S01   38”   BADVEL   243
“S01   38”   KADAPA   245
“S01   38”   PULIVENDLA   248
“S01   38”   KAMALAPURAM   249
“S01   38”   JAMMALAMADUGU   250
“S01   38”   PRODDATUR   251
“S01   38”   MYDUKUR   252
AP   NELLORE   “S01   39”   KANDUKUR   228
“S01   39”   KAVALI   233
“S01   39”   ATMAKUR   234
“S01   39”   KOVUR   235
“S01   39”   NELLORE CITY   236
“S01   39”   NELLORE RURAL   237
“S01   39”   UDAYAGIRI   242
AP   TIRUPATI   “S01   40”   SARVEPALLI   238
“S01   40”   GUDUR   239
“S01   40”   SULLURPETA   240
“S01   40”   VENKATAGIRI   241
“S01   40”   TIRUPATI   286
“S01   40”   SRIKALAHASTI   287
“S01   40”   SATYAVEEDU   288
AP   RAJAMPET   “S01   41”   RAJAMPET   244
“S01   41”   KODUR   246
“S01   41”   RAYACHOTI   247
“S01   41”   THAMBALLAPALLE   281
“S01   41”   PILERU   282
“S01   41”   MADANAPALLE   283
“S01   41”   PUNGANUR   284
AP   CHITTOOR   “S01   42”   CHANDRAGIRI   285
“S01   42”   NAGARI   289
“S01   42”   GANGADHARA NELLORE   290
“S01   42”   CHITTOOR   291
“S01   42”   PUTHALAPATTU   292
“S01   42”   PALAMANER   293
“S01   42”   KUPPAM   294
AR   ARUNACHAL WEST   “S02   1”   LUMLA   1
“S02   1”   TAWANG   2
“S02   1”   MUKTO   3
“S02   1”   DIRANG   4
“S02   1”   KALAKTANG   5
“S02   1”   THRIZINO-BURAGAON   6
“S02   1”   BOMDILA   7
“S02   1”   BAMENG   8
“S02   1”   CHAYANG TAJO   9
“S02   1”   SEPPA EAST   10
“S02   1”   SEPPA WEST   11
“S02   1”   PAKKE KESSANG   12
“S02   1”   ITANAGAR   13
“S02   1”   DOIMUKH   14
“S02   1”   SAGALEE   15
“S02   1”   YACHULI   16
“S02   1”   ZIRO HAPOLI   17
“S02   1”   PALIN   18
“S02   1”   NYAPIN   19
“S02   1”   TALI   20
“S02   1”   KOLORIANG   21
“S02   1”   NACHO   22
“S02   1”   TALIHA   23
“S02   1”   DAPORIJO   24
“S02   1”   RAGA   25
“S02   1”   DUMPORIJO   26
“S02   1”   LIROMOBA   27
“S02   1”   LIKABALI   28
“S02   1”   BASAR   29
“S02   1”   ALONG WEST   30
“S02   1”   ALONG EAST   31
“S02   1”   RUMGONG   32
“S02   1”   MECHUKHA   33
AR   ARUNACHAL EAST   “S02   2”   TUTING YINGKIONG   34
“S02   2”   PANGIN   35
“S02   2”   NARI-KOYU   36
“S02   2”   PASIGHAT WEST   37
“S02   2”   PASIGHAT EAST   38
“S02   2”   MEBO   39
“S02   2”   MARIYANG-GEKU   40
“S02   2”   ANINI   41
“S02   2”   DAMBUK   42
“S02   2”   ROING   43
“S02   2”   TEZU   44
“S02   2”   HAYULIANG   45
“S02   2”   CHOWKHAM   46
“S02   2”   NAMSAI   47
“S02   2”   LEKANG   48
“S02   2”   BORDUMSA – DIYUM   49
“S02   2”   MIAO   50
“S02   2”   NAMPONG   51
“S02   2”   CHANGLANG SOUTH   52
“S02   2”   CHANGLANG NORTH   53
“S02   2”   NAMSANG   54
“S02   2”   KHONSA EAST   55
“S02   2”   KHONSA WEST   56
“S02   2”   BORDURIA BOGAPANI   57
“S02   2”   KANUBARI   58
“S02   2”   LONGDING PUMAO   59
“S02   2”   PONGCHAO WAKKA   60
AS   KARIMGANJ   “S03   1”   RATABARI   1
“S03   1”   PATHERKANDI   2
“S03   1”   KARIMGANJ NORTH   3
“S03   1”   KARIMGANJ SOUTH   4
“S03   1”   BADARPUR   5
“S03   1”   HAILAKANDI   6
“S03   1”   KATLICHERRA   7
“S03   1”   ALGAPUR   8
AS   SILCHAR   “S03   2”   SILCHAR   9
“S03   2”   SONAI   10
“S03   2”   DHOLAI   11
“S03   2”   UDHARBOND   12
“S03   2”   LAKHIPUR   13
“S03   2”   BORKHOLA   14
“S03   2”   KATIGORAH   15
AS   AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT   “S03   3”   HAFLONG   16
“S03   3”   BOKAJAN   17
“S03   3”   HOWRAGHAT   18
“S03   3”   DIPHU   19
“S03   3”   BAITHALANGSO   20
AS   DHUBRI   “S03   4”   MANKACHAR   21
“S03   4”   SALMARA SOUTH   22
“S03   4”   DHUBRI   23
“S03   4”   GAURIPUR   24
“S03   4”   GOLOKGANJ   25
“S03   4”   BILASIPARA WEST   26
“S03   4”   BILASIPARA EAST   27
“S03   4”   GOALPARA EAST   37
“S03   4”   GOALPARA WEST   38
“S03   4”   JALESWAR   39
AS   KOKRAJHAR   “S03   5”   GOSSAIGAON   28
“S03   5”   KOKRAJHAR WEST   29
“S03   5”   KOKRAJHAR EAST   30
“S03   5”   SIDLI   31
“S03   5”   BIJNI   33
“S03   5”   SORBHOG   40
“S03   5”   BHABANIPUR   41
“S03   5”   TAMULPUR   58
“S03   5”   BARAMA   62
“S03   5”   CHAPAGURI   63
AS   BARPETA   “S03   6”   BONGAIGAON   32
“S03   6”   ABHAYAPURI NORTH   34
“S03   6”   ABHAYAPURI SOUTH   35
“S03   6”   PATACHARKUCHI   42
“S03   6”   BARPETA   43
“S03   6”   JANIA   44
“S03   6”   BAGHBAR   45
“S03   6”   SARUKHETRI   46
“S03   6”   CHENGA   47
“S03   6”   DHARMAPUR   61
AS   GAUHATI   “S03   7”   DUDHNOI   36
“S03   7”   BOKO   48
“S03   7”   CHHAYGAON   49
“S03   7”   PALASBARI   50
“S03   7”   JALUKBARI   51
“S03   7”   DISPUR   52
“S03   7”   GAUHATI EAST   53
“S03   7”   GAUHATI WEST   54
“S03   7”   HAJO   55
“S03   7”   BARKHETRI   60
AS   MANGALDOI   “S03   8”   KAMALPUR   56
“S03   8”   RANGIA   57
“S03   8”   NALBARI   59
“S03   8”   PANERY   64
“S03   8”   KALAIGAON   65
“S03   8”   SIPAJHAR   66
“S03   8”   MANGALDOI   67
“S03   8”   DALGAON   68
“S03   8”   UDALGURI   69
“S03   8”   MAZBAT   70
AS   TEZPUR   “S03   9”   DHEKIAJULI   71
“S03   9”   BARCHALLA   72
“S03   9”   TEZPUR   73
“S03   9”   RANGAPARA   74
“S03   9”   SOOTEA   75
“S03   9”   BISWANATH   76
“S03   9”   BEHALI   77
“S03   9”   GOHPUR   78
“S03   9”   BIHPURIA   109
AS   NOWGONG   “S03   10”   JAGIROAD   79
“S03   10”   MORIGAON   80
“S03   10”   LAHARIGHAT   81
“S03   10”   RAHA   82
“S03   10”   NAGAON   86
“S03   10”   BARHAMPUR   87
“S03   10”   JAMUNAMUKH   90
“S03   10”   HOJAI   91
“S03   10”   LUMDING   92
AS   KALIABOR   “S03   11”   DHING   83
“S03   11”   BATADRABA   84
“S03   11”   RUPAHIHAT   85
“S03   11”   SAMAGURI   88
“S03   11”   KALIABOR   89
“S03   11”   BOKAKHAT   93
“S03   11”   SARUPATHAR   94
“S03   11”   GOLAGHAT   95
“S03   11”   KHUMTAI   96
“S03   11”   DERGAON   97
AS   JORHAT   “S03   12”   JORHAT   98
“S03   12”   TITABAR   100
“S03   12”   MARIANI   101
“S03   12”   TEOK   102
“S03   12”   AMGURI   103
“S03   12”   NAZIRA   104
“S03   12”   MAHMORA   105
“S03   12”   SONARI   106
“S03   12”   THOWRA   107
“S03   12”   SIVASAGAR   108
AS   DIBRUGARH   “S03   13”   MORAN   115
“S03   13”   DIBRUGARH   116
“S03   13”   LAHOWAL   117
“S03   13”   DULIJAN   118
“S03   13”   TINGKHONG   119
“S03   13”   NAHARKATIA   120
“S03   13”   TINSUKIA   122
“S03   13”   DIGBOI   123
“S03   13”   MARGHERITA   124
AS   LAKHIMPUR   “S03   14”   MAJULI   99
“S03   14”   NAOBOICHA   110
“S03   14”   LAKHIMPUR   111
“S03   14”   DHAKUAKHANA   112
“S03   14”   DHEMAJI   113
“S03   14”   JONAI   114
“S03   14”   CHABUA   121
“S03   14”   DOOMDOOMA   125
“S03   14”   SADIYA   126
BR   VALMIKI NAGAR   “S04   1”   VALMIKI NAGAR   1
“S04   1”   RAMNAGAR   2
“S04   1”   NARKATIAGANJ   3
“S04   1”   BAGAHA   4
“S04   1”   LAURIYA   5
“S04   1”   SIKTA   9
BR   PASCHIM CHAMPARAN   “S04   2”   NAUTAN   6
“S04   2”   CHANPATIA   7
“S04   2”   BETTIAH   8
“S04   2”   RAXAUL   10
“S04   2”   SUGAULI   11
“S04   2”   NARKATIA   12
BR   PURVI CHAMPARAN   “S04   3”   HARSIDHI   13
“S04   3”   GOVINDGANJ   14
“S04   3”   KESARIA   15
“S04   3”   KALYANPUR   16
“S04   3”   PIPRA   17
“S04   3”   MOTIHARI   19
BR   SHEOHAR   “S04   4”   MADHUBAN   18
“S04   4”   CHIRAIA   20
“S04   4”   DHAKA   21
“S04   4”   SHEOHAR   22
“S04   4”   RIGA   23
“S04   4”   BELSAND   30
BR   SITAMARHI   “S04   5”   BATHNAHA   24
“S04   5”   PARIHAR   25
“S04   5”   SURSAND   26
“S04   5”   BAJPATTI   27
“S04   5”   SITAMARHI   28
“S04   5”   RUNISAIDPUR   29
BR   MADHUBANI   “S04   6”   HARLAKHI   31
“S04   6”   BENIPATTI   32
“S04   6”   BISFI   35
“S04   6”   MADHUBANI   36
“S04   6”   KEOTI   86
“S04   6”   JALE   87
BR   JHANJHARPUR   “S04   7”   KHAJAULI   33
“S04   7”   BABUBARHI   34
“S04   7”   RAJNAGAR   37
“S04   7”   JHANJHARPUR   38
“S04   7”   PHULPARAS   39
“S04   7”   LAUKAHA   40
BR   SUPAUL   “S04   8”   NIRMALI   41
“S04   8”   PIPRA   42
“S04   8”   SUPAUL   43
“S04   8”   TRIBENIGANJ   44
“S04   8”   CHHATAPUR   45
“S04   8”   SINGHESHWAR   72
BR   ARARIA   “S04   9”   NARPATGANJ   46
“S04   9”   RANIGANJ   47
“S04   9”   FORBESGANJ   48
“S04   9”   ARARIA   49
“S04   9”   JOKIHAT   50
“S04   9”   SIKTI   51
BR   KISHANGANJ   “S04   10”   BAHADURGANJ   52
“S04   10”   THAKURGANJ   53
“S04   10”   KISHANGANJ   54
“S04   10”   KOCHADHAMAN   55
“S04   10”   AMOUR   56
“S04   10”   BAISI   57
BR   KATIHAR   “S04   11”   KATIHAR   63
“S04   11”   KADWA   64
“S04   11”   BALRAMPUR   65
“S04   11”   PRANPUR   66
“S04   11”   MANIHARI   67
“S04   11”   BARARI   68
BR   PURNIA   “S04   12”   KASBA   58
“S04   12”   BANMANKHI   59
“S04   12”   RUPAULI   60
“S04   12”   DHAMDAHA   61
“S04   12”   PURNIA   62
“S04   12”   KORHA   69
BR   MADHEPURA   “S04   13”   ALAMNAGAR   70
“S04   13”   BIHARIGANJ   71
“S04   13”   MADHEPURA   73
“S04   13”   SONBARSA   74
“S04   13”   SAHARSA   75
“S04   13”   MAHISHI   77
BR   DARBHANGA   “S04   14”   GORA BAURAM   79
“S04   14”   BENIPUR   80
“S04   14”   ALINAGAR   81
“S04   14”   DARBHANGA RURAL   82
“S04   14”   DARBHANGA   83
“S04   14”   BAHADURPUR   85
BR   MUZAFFARPUR   “S04   15”   GAIGHAT   88
“S04   15”   AURAI   89
“S04   15”   BOCHAHA   91
“S04   15”   SAKRA   92
“S04   15”   KURHANI   93
“S04   15”   MUZAFFARPUR   94
BR   VAISHALI   “S04   16”   MINAPUR   90
“S04   16”   KANTI   95
“S04   16”   BARURAJ   96
“S04   16”   PAROO   97
“S04   16”   SAHEBGANJ   98
“S04   16”   VAISHALI   125
BR   GOPALGANJ   “S04   17”   BAIKUNTHPUR   99
“S04   17”   BARAULI   100
“S04   17”   GOPALGANJ   101
“S04   17”   KUCHAIKOTE   102
“S04   17”   BHOREY   103
“S04   17”   HATHUA   104
BR   SIWAN   “S04   18”   SIWAN   105
“S04   18”   ZIRADEI   106
“S04   18”   DARAULI   107
“S04   18”   RAGHUNATHPUR   108
“S04   18”   DARAUNDHA   109
“S04   18”   BARHARIA   110
BR   MAHARAJGANJ   “S04   19”   GORIYAKOTHI   111
“S04   19”   MAHARAJGANJ   112
“S04   19”   EKMA   113
“S04   19”   MANJHI   114
“S04   19”   BANIAPUR   115
“S04   19”   TARAIYA   116
BR   SARAN   “S04   20”   MARHAURA   117
“S04   20”   CHAPRA   118
“S04   20”   GARKHA   119
“S04   20”   AMNOUR   120
“S04   20”   PARSA   121
“S04   20”   SONEPUR   122
BR   HAJIPUR   “S04   21”   HAJIPUR   123
“S04   21”   LALGANJ   124
“S04   21”   MAHUA   126
“S04   21”   RAJA PAKAR   127
“S04   21”   RAGHOPUR   128
“S04   21”   MANHAR   129
BR   UJIARPUR   “S04   22”   PATEPUR   130
“S04   22”   UJIARPUR   134
“S04   22”   MORWA   135
“S04   22”   SARAIRANJAN   136
“S04   22”   MOHIUDDINNAGAR   137
“S04   22”   BIBHUTPUR   138
BR   SAMASTIPUR   “S04   23”   KUSHESHWAR ASTHAN   78
“S04   23”   HAYAGHAT   84
“S04   23”   KALYANPUR   131
“S04   23”   WARISNAGAR   132
“S04   23”   SAMASTIPUR   133
“S04   23”   ROSERA   139
BR   BEGUSARAI   “S04   24”   CHERIA BARIARPUR   141
“S04   24”   BACHHWARA   142
“S04   24”   TEGHRA   143
“S04   24”   MATIHANI   144
“S04   24”   SAHEBPUR KAMAL   145
“S04   24”   BEGUSARAI   146
“S04   24”   BAKHRI   147
BR   KHAGARIA   “S04   25”   SIMRI BAKHTIARPUR   76
“S04   25”   HASANPUR   140
“S04   25”   ALAULI   148
“S04   25”   KHAGARIA   149
“S04   25”   BELDAUR   150
“S04   25”   PARBATTA   151
BR   BHAGALPUR   “S04   26”   BIHPUR   152
“S04   26”   GOPALPUR   153
“S04   26”   PIRPAINTI   154
“S04   26”   KAHALGAON   155
“S04   26”   BHAGALPUR   156
“S04   26”   NATHNAGAR   158
BR   BANKA   “S04   27”   SULTANGANJ   157
“S04   27”   AMARPUR   159
“S04   27”   DHURAIYA   160
“S04   27”   BANKA   161
“S04   27”   KATORIA   162
“S04   27”   BELHAR   163
BR   MUNGER   “S04   28”   MUNGER   165
“S04   28”   JAMALPUR   166
“S04   28”   SURYAGARHA   167
“S04   28”   LAKHISARAI   168
“S04   28”   MOKAMA   178
“S04   28”   BARH   179
BR   NALANDA   “S04   29”   ASTHAWAN   171
“S04   29”   BISHARSHARIF   172
“S04   29”   RAJGIR   173
“S04   29”   ISLAMPUR   174
“S04   29”   HILSA   175
“S04   29”   NALANDA   176
“S04   29”   HARNAUT   177
BR   PATNA SAHIB   “S04   30”   BAKHTIARPUR   180
“S04   30”   DIGHA   181
“S04   30”   BANKIPUR   182
“S04   30”   KUMHRARH   183
“S04   30”   PATNA SAHIB   184
“S04   30”   FATWAH   185
BR   PATALIPUTRA   “S04   31”   DANAPUR   186
“S04   31”   MANER   187
“S04   31”   PHULWARI   188
“S04   31”   MASAURHI   189
“S04   31”   PALIGANJ   190
“S04   31”   BIKRAM   191
BR   ARRAH   “S04   32”   SANDESH   192
“S04   32”   BARHARA   193
“S04   32”   ARRAH   194
“S04   32”   AGIAON   195
“S04   32”   TARARI   196
“S04   32”   JAGDISHPUR   197
“S04   32”   SHAHPUR   198
BR   BUXAR   “S04   33”   BARHAMPUR   199
“S04   33”   BUXAR   200
“S04   33”   DUMRAON   201
“S04   33”   RAJPUR   202
“S04   33”   RAMGARH   203
“S04   33”   DINARA   210
BR   SASARAM   “S04   34”   MOHANIA   204
“S04   34”   BHABUA   205
“S04   34”   CHAINPUR   206
“S04   34”   CHENARI   207
“S04   34”   SASARAM   208
“S04   34”   KARGAHAR   209
BR   KARAKAT   “S04   35”   NOKHA   211
“S04   35”   DEHRI   212
“S04   35”   KARAKAT   213
“S04   35”   GOH   219
“S04   35”   OBRA   220
“S04   35”   NABINAGAR   221
BR   JAHANABAD   “S04   36”   ARWAL   214
“S04   36”   KURTHA   215
“S04   36”   JAHANABAD   216
“S04   36”   GHOSI   217
“S04   36”   MAKHDUMPUR   218
“S04   36”   ATRI   233
BR   AURANGABAD   “S04   37”   KUTUMBA   222
“S04   37”   AURANGABAD   223
“S04   37”   RAFIGANJ   224
“S04   37”   GURUA   225
“S04   37”   IMAMGANJ   227
“S04   37”   TIKARI   231
BR   GAYA   “S04   38”   SHERGHATI   226
“S04   38”   BARACHATTI   228
“S04   38”   BODH GAYA   229
“S04   38”   GAYA TOWN   230
“S04   38”   BELAGANJ   232
“S04   38”   WAZIRGANJ   234
BR   NAWADA   “S04   39”   BARBIGHA   170
“S04   39”   RAJAULI   235
“S04   39”   HISUA   236
“S04   39”   NAWADA   237
“S04   39”   GOBINDPUR   238
“S04   39”   WARSALIGANJ   239
BR   JAMUI   “S04   40”   TARAPUR   164
“S04   40”   SHEIKHPURA   169
“S04   40”   SIKANDRA   240
“S04   40”   JAMUI   241
“S04   40”   JHAJHA   242
“S04   40”   CHAKAI   243
GA   NORTH GOA   “S05   1”   MANDREM   1
“S05   1”   PERNEM   2
“S05   1”   BICHOLIM   3
“S05   1”   TIVIM   4
“S05   1”   MAPUSA   5
“S05   1”   SIOLIM   6
“S05   1”   SALIGAO   7
“S05   1”   CALANGUTE   8
“S05   1”   PORVORIM   9
“S05   1”   ALDONA   10
“S05   1”   PANAJI   11
“S05   1”   TALEIGAO   12
“S05   1”   ST. CRUZ   13
“S05   1”   ST. ANDRE   14
“S05   1”   CUMBARJUA   15
“S05   1”   MAEM   16
“S05   1”   SANQUELIM   17
“S05   1”   PORIEM   18
“S05   1”   VALPOI   19
“S05   1”   PRIOL   20
GA   SOUTH GOA   “S05   2”   PONDA   21
“S05   2”   SIRODA   22
“S05   2”   MARCAIM   23
“S05   2”   MORMUGAO   24
“S05   2”   VASCO-DA-GAMA   25
“S05   2”   DABOLIM   26
“S05   2”   CORTALIM   27
“S05   2”   NUVEM   28
“S05   2”   CURTORIM   29
“S05   2”   FATORDA   30
“S05   2”   MARGAO   31
“S05   2”   BENAULIM   32
“S05   2”   NAVELIM   33
“S05   2”   CUNCOLIM   34
“S05   2”   VELIM   35
“S05   2”   QUEPEM   36
“S05   2”   CURCHOREM   37
“S05   2”   SANVORDEM   38
“S05   2”   SANGUEM   39
“S05   2”   CANACONA   40
GJ   KACHCHH   “S06   1”   ABDASA   1
“S06   1”   MANDVI   2
“S06   1”   BHUJ   3
“S06   1”   ANJAR   4
“S06   1”   GANDHIDHAM   5
“S06   1”   RAPAR   6
“S06   1”   MORBI   65
GJ   BANASKANTHA   “S06   2”   VAV   7
“S06   2”   THARAD   8
“S06   2”   DHANERA   9
“S06   2”   DANTA   10
“S06   2”   PALANPUR   12
“S06   2”   DEESA   13
“S06   2”   DEODAR   14
GJ   PATAN   “S06   3”   VADGAM   11
“S06   3”   KANKREJ   15
“S06   3”   RADHANPUR   16
“S06   3”   CHANASMA   17
“S06   3”   PATAN   18
“S06   3”   SIDHPUR   19
“S06   3”   KHERALU   20
GJ   MAHESANA   “S06   4”   UNJHA   21
“S06   4”   VISNAGAR   22
“S06   4”   BECHARAJI   23
“S06   4”   KADI   24
“S06   4”   MAHESANA   25
“S06   4”   VIJAPUR   26
“S06   4”   MANSA   37
GJ   SABARKANTHA   “S06   5”   HIMATNAGAR   27
“S06   5”   IDAR   28
“S06   5”   KHEDBRAHMA   29
“S06   5”   BHILODA   30
“S06   5”   MODASA   31
“S06   5”   BAYAD   32
“S06   5”   PRANTIJ   33
GJ   GANDHINAGAR   “S06   6”   GANDHINAGAR NORTH   36
“S06   6”   KALOL   38
“S06   6”   SANAND   40
“S06   6”   GHATLODIA   41
“S06   6”   VEJALPUR   42
“S06   6”   NARANPURA   45
“S06   6”   SABARMATI   55
GJ   AHMEDABAD EAST   “S06   7”   DEHGAM   34
“S06   7”   GANDHINAGAR SOUTH   35
“S06   7”   VATVA   43
“S06   7”   NIKOL   46
“S06   7”   NARODA   47
“S06   7”   THAKKARBAPA NAGAR   48
“S06   7”   BAPUNAGAR   49
GJ   AHMEDABAD WEST   “S06   8”   ELLISBRIDGE   44
“S06   8”   AMRAIWADI   50
“S06   8”   DARIAPUR   51
“S06   8”   JAMALPUR – KHADIA   52
“S06   8”   MANINAGAR   53
“S06   8”   DANILIMDA   54
“S06   8”   ASARWA   56
GJ   SURENDRANAGAR   “S06   9”   VIRAMGAM   39
“S06   9”   DHANDHUKA   59
“S06   9”   DASADA   60
“S06   9”   LIMBDI   61
“S06   9”   WADHWAN   62
“S06   9”   CHOTILA   63
“S06   9”   DHRANGADHRA   64
GJ   RAJKOT   “S06   10”   TANKARA   66
“S06   10”   WANKANER   67
“S06   10”   RAJKOT EAST   68
“S06   10”   RAJKOT WEST   69
“S06   10”   RAJKOT SOUTH   70
“S06   10”   RAJKOT RURAL   71
“S06   10”   JASDAN   72
GJ   PORBANDAR   “S06   11”   GONDAL   73
“S06   11”   JETPUR   74
“S06   11”   DHORAJI   75
“S06   11”   PORBANDAR   83
“S06   11”   KUTIYANA   84
“S06   11”   MANAVADAR   85
“S06   11”   KESHOD   88
GJ   JAMNAGAR   “S06   12”   KALAVAD   76
“S06   12”   JAMNAGR RURAL   77
“S06   12”   JAMNAGAR NORTH   78
“S06   12”   JAMNAGAR SOUTH   79
“S06   12”   JAMJODHPUR   80
“S06   12”   KHAMBHALIA   81
“S06   12”   DWARKA   82
GJ   JUNAGADH   “S06   13”   JUNAGADH   86
“S06   13”   VISAVADAR   87
“S06   13”   MANGROL   89
“S06   13”   SOMNATH   90
“S06   13”   TALALA   91
“S06   13”   KODINAR   92
“S06   13”   UNA   93
GJ   AMRELI   “S06   14”   DHARI   94
“S06   14”   AMRELI   95
“S06   14”   LATHI   96
“S06   14”   SAVARKUNDLA   97
“S06   14”   RAJULA   98
“S06   14”   MAHUVA   99
“S06   14”   GARIADHAR   101
GJ   BHAVNAGAR   “S06   15”   TALAJA   100
“S06   15”   PALITANA   102
“S06   15”   BHAVNAGAR RURAL   103
“S06   15”   BHAVNAGAR EAST   104
“S06   15”   BHAVNAGAR WEST   105
“S06   15”   GADHADA   106
“S06   15”   BOTAD   107
GJ   ANAND   “S06   16”   KHAMBHAT   108
“S06   16”   BORSAD   109
“S06   16”   ANKLAV   110
“S06   16”   UMRETH   111
“S06   16”   ANAND   112
“S06   16”   PETLAD   113
“S06   16”   SOJITRA   114
GJ   KHEDA   “S06   17”   DASKROI   57
“S06   17”   DHOLKA   58
“S06   17”   MATAR   115
“S06   17”   NADIAD   116
“S06   17”   MEHMEDABAD   117
“S06   17”   MAHUDHA   118
“S06   17”   KAPADVANJ   120
GJ   PANCHMAHAL   “S06   18”   THASRA   119
“S06   18”   BALASINOR   121
“S06   18”   LUNAWADA   122
“S06   18”   SHEHRA   124
“S06   18”   MORVA HADAF   125
“S06   18”   GODHRA   126
“S06   18”   KALOL   127
GJ   DAHOD   “S06   19”   SANTRAMPUR   123
“S06   19”   FATEPURA   129
“S06   19”   JHALOD   130
“S06   19”   LIMKHEDA   131
“S06   19”   DAHOD   132
“S06   19”   GARBADA   133
“S06   19”   DEVGADBARIA   134
GJ   VADODARA   “S06   20”   SAVLI   135
“S06   20”   VAGHODIA   136
“S06   20”   VADODARA CITY   141
“S06   20”   SAYAJIGUNJ   142
“S06   20”   AKOTA   143
“S06   20”   RAOPURA   144
“S06   20”   MANJALPUR   145
GJ   CHHOTA UDAIPUR   “S06   21”   HALOL   128
“S06   21”   CHHOTA UDAIPUR   137
“S06   21”   JETPUR   138
“S06   21”   SANKHEDA   139
“S06   21”   DABHOI   140
“S06   21”   PADRA   146
“S06   21”   NANDOD   148
GJ   BHARUCH   “S06   22”   KARJAN   147
“S06   22”   DEDIAPADA   149
“S06   22”   JAMBUSAR   150
“S06   22”   VAGRA   151
“S06   22”   JHAGADIA   152
“S06   22”   BHARUCH   153
“S06   22”   ANKLESHWAR   154
GJ   BARDOLI   “S06   23”   MANGROL   156
“S06   23”   MANDVI   157
“S06   23”   KAMREJ   158
“S06   23”   BARDOLI   169
“S06   23”   MAHUVA   170
“S06   23”   VYARA   171
“S06   23”   NIZAR   172
GJ   SURAT   “S06   24”   OLPAD   155
“S06   24”   SURAT EAST   159
“S06   24”   SURAT NORTH   160
“S06   24”   VARACHHA ROAD   161
“S06   24”   KARANJ   162
“S06   24”   KATARGAM   166
“S06   24”   SURAT WEST   167
GJ   NAVSARI   “S06   25”   LIMBAYAT   163
“S06   25”   UDHNA   164
“S06   25”   MAJURA   165
“S06   25”   CHORYASI   168
“S06   25”   JALALPORE   174
“S06   25”   NAVSARI   175
“S06   25”   GANDEVI   176
GJ   VALSAD   “S06   26”   DANGS   173
“S06   26”   VANSDA   177
“S06   26”   DHARAMPUR   178
“S06   26”   VALSAD   179
“S06   26”   PARDI   180
“S06   26”   KAPRADA   181
“S06   26”   UMBERGAON   182
HR   AMBALA   “S07   1”   KALKA   1
“S07   1”   PANCHKULA   2
“S07   1”   NARAINGARH   3
“S07   1”   AMBALA CANTT.   4
“S07   1”   AMBALA CITY   5
“S07   1”   MULANA   6
“S07   1”   SADHAURA   7
“S07   1”   JAGADHRI   8
“S07   1”   YAMUNANAGAR   9
HR   KURUKSHETRA   “S07   2”   RADAUR   10
“S07   2”   LADWA   11
“S07   2”   SHAHBAD   12
“S07   2”   THANESAR   13
“S07   2”   PEHOWA   14
“S07   2”   GUHLA   15
“S07   2”   KALAYAT   16
“S07   2”   KAITHAL   17
“S07   2”   PUNDRI   18
HR   SIRSA   “S07   3”   NARWANA   38
“S07   3”   TOHANA   39
“S07   3”   FATEHABAD   40
“S07   3”   RATIA   41
“S07   3”   KALAWALI   42
“S07   3”   DABWALI   43
“S07   3”   RANIA   44
“S07   3”   SIRSA   45
“S07   3”   ELLENABAD   46
HR   HISAR   “S07   4”   UCHANA KALAN   37
“S07   4”   ADAMPUR   47
“S07   4”   UKLANA   48
“S07   4”   NARNAUND   49
“S07   4”   HANSI   50
“S07   4”   BARWALA   51
“S07   4”   HISAR   52
“S07   4”   NALWA   53
“S07   4”   BAWANI KHERA   59
HR   KARNAL   “S07   5”   NILOKHERI   19
“S07   5”   INDRI   20
“S07   5”   KARNAL   21
“S07   5”   GHARAUNDA   22
“S07   5”   ASSANDH   23
“S07   5”   PANIPAT RURAL   24
“S07   5”   PANIPAT CITY   25
“S07   5”   ISRANA   26
“S07   5”   SAMALKHA   27
HR   SONIPAT   “S07   6”   GANAUR   28
“S07   6”   RAI   29
“S07   6”   KHARKHAUDA   30
“S07   6”   SONIPAT   31
“S07   6”   GOHANA   32
“S07   6”   BARODA   33
“S07   6”   JULANA   34
“S07   6”   SAFIDON   35
“S07   6”   JIND   36
HR   ROHTAK   “S07   7”   MEHAM   60
“S07   7”   GARHI SAMPLA-KILOI   61
“S07   7”   ROHTAK   62
“S07   7”   KALANAUR   63
“S07   7”   BAHADURGARH   64
“S07   7”   BADLI   65
“S07   7”   JHAJJAR   66
“S07   7”   BERI   67
“S07   7”   KOSLI   73
HR   BHIWANI-MAHENDRAGARH   “S07   8”   LOHARU   54
“S07   8”   BADHRA   55
“S07   8”   DADRI   56
“S07   8”   BHIWANI   57
“S07   8”   TOSHAM   58
“S07   8”   ATELI   68
“S07   8”   MAHENDRAGARH   69
“S07   8”   NARNAUL   70
“S07   8”   NANGAL CHAUDHRY   71
HR   GURGAON   “S07   9”   BAWAL   72
“S07   9”   REWARI   74
“S07   9”   PATAUDI   75
“S07   9”   BADSHAHPUR   76
“S07   9”   GURGAON   77
“S07   9”   SOHNA   78
“S07   9”   NUH   79
“S07   9”   FEROZEPUR JHIRKA   80
“S07   9”   PUNAHANA   81
HR   FARIDABAD   “S07   10”   HATHIN   82
“S07   10”   HODAL   83
“S07   10”   PALWAL   84
“S07   10”   PRITHLA   85
“S07   10”   FARIDABAD NIT   86
“S07   10”   BADKHAL   87
“S07   10”   BALLABHGARH   88
“S07   10”   FARIDABAD   89
“S07   10”   TIGAON   90
HP   KANGRA   “S08   1”   CHURAH   1
“S08   1”   CHAMBA   3
“S08   1”   DALHOUSIE   4
“S08   1”   BHATTIYAT   5
“S08   1”   NURPUR   6
“S08   1”   INDORA   7
“S08   1”   FATEHPUR   8
“S08   1”   JAWALI   9
“S08   1”   JAWALAMUKHI   12
“S08   1”   JAISINGHPUR   13
“S08   1”   SULLAH   14
“S08   1”   NAGROTA   15
“S08   1”   KANGRA   16
“S08   1”   SHAHPUR   17
“S08   1”   DHARAMSHALA   18
“S08   1”   PALAMPUR   19
“S08   1”   BAIJNATH   20
HP   MANDI   “S08   2”   BHARMOUR   2
“S08   2”   LAHAUL & SPITI   21
“S08   2”   MANALI   22
“S08   2”   KULLU   23
“S08   2”   BANJAR   24
“S08   2”   ANNI   25
“S08   2”   KARSOG   26
“S08   2”   SUNDERNAGAR   27
“S08   2”   NACHAN   28
“S08   2”   SERAJ   29
“S08   2”   DARANG   30
“S08   2”   JOGINDERNAGAR   31
“S08   2”   MANDI   33
“S08   2”   BALH   34
“S08   2”   SARKAGHAT   35
“S08   2”   RAMPUR   66
“S08   2”   KINNAUR   68
HP   HAMIRPUR   “S08   3”   DEHRA   10
“S08   3”   JASWAN-PRAGPUR   11
“S08   3”   DHARAMPUR   32
“S08   3”   BHORANJ   36
“S08   3”   SUJANPUR   37
“S08   3”   HAMIRPUR   38
“S08   3”   BARSAR   39
“S08   3”   NADAUN   40
“S08   3”   CHINTPURNI   41
“S08   3”   GAGRET   42
“S08   3”   HAROLI   43
“S08   3”   UNA   44
“S08   3”   KUTLEHAR   45
“S08   3”   JHANDUTA   46
“S08   3”   GHUMARWIN   47
“S08   3”   BILASPUR   48
“S08   3”   SRI NAINA DEVIJI   49
HP   SHIMLA   “S08   4”   ARKI   50
“S08   4”   NALAGARH   51
“S08   4”   DOON   52
“S08   4”   SOLAN   53
“S08   4”   KASAULI   54
“S08   4”   PACHHAD   55
“S08   4”   NAHAN   56
“S08   4”   SRI RENUKAJI   57
“S08   4”   PAONTA SAHIB   58
“S08   4”   SHILLAI   59
“S08   4”   CHOPAL   60
“S08   4”   THEOG   61
“S08   4”   KASUMPTI   62
“S08   4”   SHIMLA   63
“S08   4”   SHIMLA RURAL   64
“S08   4”   JUBBAL-KOTKHAI   65
“S08   4”   ROHRU   67
JK   BARAMULLA   “S09   1”   KARNAH   1
“S09   1”   KUPWARA   2
“S09   1”   LOLAB   3
“S09   1”   HANDWARA   4
“S09   1”   LANGATE   5
“S09   1”   URI   6
“S09   1”   RAFIABAD   7
“S09   1”   SOPORE   8
“S09   1”   GUREZ   9
“S09   1”   BANDIPORA   10
“S09   1”   SONAWARI   11
“S09   1”   SANGRAMA   12
“S09   1”   BARAMULLA   13
“S09   1”   GULMARG   14
“S09   1”   PATTAN   15
JK   SRINAGAR   “S09   2”   KANGAN   16
“S09   2”   GANDERBAL   17
“S09   2”   HAZRATBAL   18
“S09   2”   ZADIBAL   19
“S09   2”   EIDGAH   20
“S09   2”   KHANYAR   21
“S09   2”   HABBA KADAL   22
“S09   2”   AMIRA KADAL   23
“S09   2”   SONAWAR   24
“S09   2”   BATMALOO   25
“S09   2”   CHADOORA   26
“S09   2”   BUDGAM   27
“S09   2”   BEERWAH   28
“S09   2”   KHAN SAHIB   29
“S09   2”   CHRAR-I-SHARIEF   30
JK   ANANTNAG   “S09   3”   TRAL   31
“S09   3”   PAMPORE   32
“S09   3”   PULWAMA   33
“S09   3”   RAJPORA   34
“S09   3”   WACHI   35
“S09   3”   SHOPIAN   36
“S09   3”   NOORABAD   37
“S09   3”   KULGAM   38
“S09   3”   HOM SHALI BUGH   39
“S09   3”   ANANTNAG   40
“S09   3”   DEVSAR   41
“S09   3”   DOORU   42
“S09   3”   KOKERNAG   43
“S09   3”   SHANGUS   44
“S09   3”   BIJBEHARA   45
“S09   3”   PAHALGAM   46
JK   LADAKH   “S09   4”   NUBRA   47
“S09   4”   LEH   48
“S09   4”   KARGIL   49
“S09   4”   ZANSKAR   50
JK   UDHAMPUR   “S09   5”   KISHTWAR   51
“S09   5”   INDERWAL   52
“S09   5”   DODA   53
“S09   5”   BHADERWAH   54
“S09   5”   RAMBAN   55
“S09   5”   BANIHAL   56
“S09   5”   GULAB GARH   57
“S09   5”   REASI   58
“S09   5”   GOOL ARNAS   59
“S09   5”   UDHAMPUR   60
“S09   5”   CHENANI   61
“S09   5”   RAM NAGAR   62
“S09   5”   BANI   63
“S09   5”   BASOHLI   64
“S09   5”   KATHUA   65
“S09   5”   BILLAWAR   66
“S09   5”   HIRA NAGAR   67
JK   JAMMU   “S09   6”   SAMBA   68
“S09   6”   VIJAY PUR   69
“S09   6”   NAGROTA   70
“S09   6”   GANDHI NAGAR   71
“S09   6”   JAMMU EAST   72
“S09   6”   JAMMU WEST   73
“S09   6”   BISHNAH   74
“S09   6”   RANBIR SINGH PURA   75
“S09   6”   SUCHET GARH   76
“S09   6”   MARH   77
“S09   6”   RAIPUR DOMANA   78
“S09   6”   AKHNOOR   79
“S09   6”   CHHAMB   80
“S09   6”   NOWSHERA   81
“S09   6”   DARHAL   82
“S09   6”   RAJOURI   83
“S09   6”   KALA KOTE   84
“S09   6”   SURAN KOTE   85
“S09   6”   MENDHAR   86
“S09   6”   POONCH HAVELI   87
KA   CHIKKODI   “S10   1”   NIPPANI   1
“S10   1”   CHIKKODI-SADALGA   2
“S10   1”   ATHANI   3
“S10   1”   KAGWAD   4
“S10   1”   KUDACHI   5
“S10   1”   RAYBAG   6
“S10   1”   HUKKERI   7
“S10   1”   YEMKANMARDI   10
KA   BELGAUM   “S10   2”   ARABHAVI   8
“S10   2”   GOKAK   9
“S10   2”   BELGAUM UTTAR   11
“S10   2”   BELGAUM DAKSHIN   12
“S10   2”   BELGAUM RURAL   13
“S10   2”   BAILHONGAL   16
“S10   2”   SAUNDATTI YELLAMMA   17
“S10   2”   RAMDURG   18
KA   BAGALKOT   “S10   3”   MUDHOL   19
“S10   3”   TERDAL   20
“S10   3”   JAMKHANDI   21
“S10   3”   BILGI   22
“S10   3”   BADAMI   23
“S10   3”   BAGALKOT   24
“S10   3”   HUNGUND   25
“S10   3”   NARGUND   68
KA   BIJAPUR   “S10   4”   MUDDEBIHAL   26
“S10   4”   DEVAR HIPPARGI   27
“S10   4”   BASAVANA BAGEVADI   28
“S10   4”   BABALESHWAR   29
“S10   4”   BIJAPUR CITY   30
“S10   4”   NAGTHAN   31
“S10   4”   INDI   32
“S10   4”   SINDGI   33
KA   GULBARGA   “S10   5”   AFZALPUR   34
“S10   5”   JEVARGI   35
“S10   5”   GURMITKAL   39
“S10   5”   CHITTAPUR   40
“S10   5”   SEDAM   41
“S10   5”   GULBARGA RURAL   43
“S10   5”   GULBARGA DAKSHIN   44
“S10   5”   GULBARGA UTTAR   45
KA   RAICHUR   “S10   6”   SHORAPUR   36
“S10   6”   SHAHAPUR   37
“S10   6”   YADGIR   38
“S10   6”   RAICHUR RURAL   53
“S10   6”   RAICHUR   54
“S10   6”   MANVI   55
“S10   6”   DEVADURGA   56
“S10   6”   LINGSUGUR   57
KA   BIDAR   “S10   7”   CHINCHOLI   42
“S10   7”   ALAND   46
“S10   7”   BASAVAKALYAN   47
“S10   7”   HOMNABAD   48
“S10   7”   BIDAR SOUTH   49
“S10   7”   BIDAR   50
“S10   7”   BHALKI   51
“S10   7”   AURAD   52
KA   KOPPAL   “S10   8”   SINDHANUR   58
“S10   8”   MASKI   59
“S10   8”   KUSHTAGI   60
“S10   8”   KANAKAGIRI   61
“S10   8”   GANGAWATI   62
“S10   8”   YELBURGA   63
“S10   8”   KOPPAL   64
“S10   8”   SIRUGUPPA   92
KA   BELLARY   “S10   9”   HADAGALLI   88
“S10   9”   HAGARIBOMMANAHALLI   89
“S10   9”   VIJAYANAGARA   90
“S10   9”   KAMPLI   91
“S10   9”   BELLARY   93
“S10   9”   BELLARY CITY   94
“S10   9”   SANDUR   95
“S10   9”   KUDLIGI   96
KA   HAVERI   “S10   10”   SHIRAHATTI   65
“S10   10”   GADAG   66
“S10   10”   RON   67
“S10   10”   HANGAL   82
“S10   10”   HAVERI   84
“S10   10”   BYADGI   85
“S10   10”   HIREKERUR   86
“S10   10”   RANIBENNUR   87
KA   DHARWAD   “S10   11”   NAVALGUND   69
“S10   11”   KUNDGOL   70
“S10   11”   DHARWAD   71
“S10   11”   HUBLI-DHARWAD-EAST   72
“S10   11”   HUBLI-DHARWAD-CENTRAL   73
“S10   11”   HUBLI-DHARWAD- WEST   74
“S10   11”   KALGHATGI   75
“S10   11”   SHIGGAON   83
KA   UTTARA KANNADA   “S10   12”   KHANAPUR   14
“S10   12”   KITTUR   15
“S10   12”   HALIYAL   76
“S10   12”   KARWAR   77
“S10   12”   KUMTA   78
“S10   12”   BHATKAL   79
“S10   12”   SIRSI   80
“S10   12”   YELLAPUR   81
KA   DAVANAGERE   “S10   13”   JAGALUR   103
“S10   13”   HARAPANAHALLI   104
“S10   13”   HARIHAR   105
“S10   13”   DAVANAGERE NORTH   106
“S10   13”   DAVANAGERE SOUTH   107
“S10   13”   MAYAKONDA   108
“S10   13”   CHANNAGIRI   109
“S10   13”   HONNALI   110
KA   SHIMOGA   “S10   14”   SHIMOGA RURAL   111
“S10   14”   BHADRAVATI   112
“S10   14”   SHIMOGA   113
“S10   14”   TIRTHAHALLI   114
“S10   14”   SHIKARIPURA   115
“S10   14”   SORAB   116
“S10   14”   SAGAR   117
“S10   14”   BYNDOOR   118
KA   UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR   “S10   15”   KUNDAPURA   119
“S10   15”   UDUPI   120
“S10   15”   KAPU   121
“S10   15”   KARKAL   122
“S10   15”   SRINGERI   123
“S10   15”   MUDIGERE   124
“S10   15”   CHIKMAGALUR   125
“S10   15”   TARIKERE   126
KA   HASSAN   “S10   16”   KADUR   127
“S10   16”   SHRAVANABELAGOLA   193
“S10   16”   ARSIKERE   194
“S10   16”   BELUR   195
“S10   16”   HASSAN   196
“S10   16”   HOLENARASIPUR   197
“S10   16”   ARKALGUD   198
“S10   16”   SAKLESHPUR   199
KA   DAKSHINA KANNADA   “S10   17”   BELTHANGADY   200
“S10   17”   MOODABIDRI   201
“S10   17”   MANGALORE CITY NORTH   202
“S10   17”   MANGALORE CITY SOUTH   203
“S10   17”   MANGALORE   204
“S10   17”   BANTVAL   205
“S10   17”   PUTTUR   206
“S10   17”   SULLIA   207
KA   CHITRADURGA   “S10   18”   MOLAKALMURU   97
“S10   18”   CHALLAKERE   98
“S10   18”   CHITRADURGA   99
“S10   18”   HIRIYUR   100
“S10   18”   HOSADURGA   101
“S10   18”   HOLALKERE   102
“S10   18”   SIRA   136
“S10   18”   PAVAGADA   137
KA   TUMKUR   “S10   19”   CHIKNAYAKANHALLI   128
“S10   19”   TIPTUR   129
“S10   19”   TURUVEKERE   130
“S10   19”   TUMKUR CITY   132
“S10   19”   TUMKUR RURAL   133
“S10   19”   KORATAGERE   134
“S10   19”   GUBBI   135
“S10   19”   MADHUGIRI   138
KA   MANDYA   “S10   20”   MALAVALLI   186
“S10   20”   MADDUR   187
“S10   20”   MELUKOTE   188
“S10   20”   MANDYA   189
“S10   20”   SHRIRANGAPATTANA   190
“S10   20”   NAGAMANGALA   191
“S10   20”   KRISHNARAJPET   192
“S10   20”   KRISHNARAJANAGARA   211
KA   MYSORE   “S10   21”   MADIKERI   208
“S10   21”   VIRAJPET   209
“S10   21”   PIRIYAPATNA   210
“S10   21”   HUNSUR   212
“S10   21”   CHAMUNDESHWARI   215
“S10   21”   KRISHNARAJA   216
“S10   21”   CHAMARAJA   217
“S10   21”   NARASIMHARAJA   218
KA   CHAMARAJANAGAR   “S10   22”   HEGGADADEVANKOTE   213
“S10   22”   NANJANGUD   214
“S10   22”   VARUNA   219
“S10   22”   T.NARASIPUR   220
“S10   22”   HANUR   221
“S10   22”   KOLLEGAL   222
“S10   22”   CHAMARAJANAGAR   223
“S10   22”   GUNDLUPET   224
KA   BANGALORE RURAL   “S10   23”   KUNIGAL   131
“S10   23”   RAJARAJESHWARINAGAR   154
“S10   23”   BANGALORE SOUTH   176
“S10   23”   ANEKAL   177
“S10   23”   MAGADI   182
“S10   23”   RAMANAGARAM   183
“S10   23”   KANAKAPURA   184
“S10   23”   CHANNAPATNA   185
KA   BANGALORE NORTH   “S10   24”   K.R.PURA   151
“S10   24”   BYATARAYANAPURA   152
“S10   24”   YESHVANTHAPURA   153
“S10   24”   DASARAHALLI   155
“S10   24”   MAHALAKSHMI LAYOUT   156
“S10   24”   MALLESHWARAM   157
“S10   24”   HEBBAL   158
“S10   24”   PULAKESHINAGAR   159
KA   BANGALORE CENTRAL   “S10   25”   SARVAGNANAGAR   160
“S10   25”   C.V. RAMAN NAGAR   161
“S10   25”   SHIVAJINAGAR   162
“S10   25”   SHANTI NAGAR   163
“S10   25”   GANDHI NAGAR   164
“S10   25”   RAJAJI NAGAR   165
“S10   25”   CHAMRAJPET   168
“S10   25”   MAHADEVAPURA   174
KA   BANGALORE SOUTH   “S10   26”   GOVINDRAJ NAGAR   166
“S10   26”   VIJAY NAGAR   167
“S10   26”   CHICKPET   169
“S10   26”   BASAVANAGUDI   170
“S10   26”   PADMANABA NAGAR   171
“S10   26”   B.T.M LAYOUT   172
“S10   26”   JAYANAGAR   173
“S10   26”   BOMMANAHALLI   175
KA   CHIKKBALLAPUR   “S10   27”   GAURIBIDANUR   139
“S10   27”   BAGEPALLI   140
“S10   27”   CHIKKABALLAPUR   141
“S10   27”   YELAHANKA   150
“S10   27”   HOSAKOTE   178
“S10   27”   DEVANAHALLI   179
“S10   27”   DODDABALLAPUR   180
“S10   27”   NELAMANGALA   181
KA   KOLAR   “S10   28”   SIDLAGHATTA   142
“S10   28”   CHINTAMANI   143
“S10   28”   SRINIVASPUR   144
“S10   28”   MULBAGAL   145
“S10   28”   KOLAR GOLD FIELD   146
“S10   28”   BANGARAPET   147
“S10   28”   KOLAR   148
“S10   28”   MALUR   149
KL   KASARAGOD   “S11   1”   MANJESHWAR   1
“S11   1”   KASARAGOD   2
“S11   1”   UDUMA   3
“S11   1”   KANHANGAD   4
“S11   1”   TRIKARIPUR   5
“S11   1”   PAYYANNUR   6
“S11   1”   KALLIASSERI   7
KL   KANNUR   “S11   2”   TALIPARAMBA   8
“S11   2”   IRIKKUR   9
“S11   2”   AZHIKODE   10
“S11   2”   KANNUR   11
“S11   2”   DHARMADAM   12
“S11   2”   MATTANNUR   15
“S11   2”   PERAVOOR   16
KL   VADAKARA   “S11   3”   THALASSERY   13
“S11   3”   KUTHUPARAMBA   14
“S11   3”   VADAKARA   20
“S11   3”   KUTTIADI   21
“S11   3”   NADAPURAM   22
“S11   3”   QUILANDY   23
“S11   3”   PERAMBRA   24
KL   WAYANAD   “S11   4”   MANANTHAVADY   17
“S11   4”   SULTHANBATHERY   18
“S11   4”   KALPETTA   19
“S11   4”   THIRUVANMBADI   32
“S11   4”   ERNAD   34
“S11   4”   NILAMBUR   35
“S11   4”   WANDOOR   36
KL   KOZHIKODE   “S11   5”   BALUSSERI   25
“S11   5”   ELATHUR   26
“S11   5”   KOZHIKODE NORTH   27
“S11   5”   KOZHIKODE SOUTH   28
“S11   5”   BEYPORE   29
“S11   5”   KUNNAMANGALAM   30
“S11   5”   KODUVALLY   31
KL   MALAPPURAM   “S11   6”   KONDOTTY   33
“S11   6”   MANJERI   37
“S11   6”   PERINTHALMANNA   38
“S11   6”   MANKADA   39
“S11   6”   MALAPPURAM   40
“S11   6”   VENGARA   41
“S11   6”   VALLIKKUNNU   42
KL   PONNANI   “S11   7”   TIRURANGADI   43
“S11   7”   TANUR   44
“S11   7”   TIRUR   45
“S11   7”   KOTTAKKAL   46
“S11   7”   THAVANUR   47
“S11   7”   PONNANI   48
“S11   7”   THRITHALA   49
KL   PALAKKAD   “S11   8”   PATTAMBI   50
“S11   8”   SHORANUR   51
“S11   8”   OTTAPPALAM   52
“S11   8”   KONGAD   53
“S11   8”   MANNARKKAD   54
“S11   8”   MALAMPUZHA   55
“S11   8”   PALAKKAD   56
KL   ALATHUR   “S11   9”   TARUR   57
“S11   9”   CHITTUR   58
“S11   9”   NEMMARA   59
“S11   9”   ALATHUR   60
“S11   9”   CHELAKKARA   61
“S11   9”   KUNNAMKULAM   62
“S11   9”   WADAKKANCHERY   65
KL   THRISSUR   “S11   10”   GURUVAYOOR   63
“S11   10”   MANALUR   64
“S11   10”   OLLUR   66
“S11   10”   THRISSUR   67
“S11   10”   NATTIKA   68
“S11   10”   IRINJALAKUDA   70
“S11   10”   PUTHUKKAD   71
KL   CHALAKUDY   “S11   11”   KAIPAMANGALAM   69
“S11   11”   CHALAKUDY   72
“S11   11”   KODUNGALLUR   73
“S11   11”   PERUMBAVOOR   74
“S11   11”   ANGAMALY   75
“S11   11”   ALUVA   76
“S11   11”   KUNNATHUNAD   84
KL   ERNAKULAM   “S11   12”   KALAMASSERY   77
“S11   12”   PARAVUR   78
“S11   12”   VYPEEN   79
“S11   12”   KOCHI   80
“S11   12”   THRIPPUNITHURA   81
“S11   12”   ERNAKULAM   82
“S11   12”   THRIKKAKARA   83
KL   IDUKKI   “S11   13”   MUVATTUPUZHA   86
“S11   13”   KOTHAMANGALAM   87
“S11   13”   DEVIKULAM   88
“S11   13”   UDUMBANCHOLA   89
“S11   13”   THODUPUZHA   90
“S11   13”   IDUKKI   91
“S11   13”   PEERUMADE   92
KL   KOTTAYAM   “S11   14”   PIRAVOM   85
“S11   14”   PALA   93
“S11   14”   KADUTHURUTHY   94
“S11   14”   VAIKOM   95
“S11   14”   ETTUMANOOR   96
“S11   14”   KOTTAYAM   97
“S11   14”   PUTHUPPALLY   98
KL   ALAPPUZHA   “S11   15”   AROOR   102
“S11   15”   CHERTHALA   103
“S11   15”   ALAPPUZHA   104
“S11   15”   AMBALAPPUZHA   105
“S11   15”   HARIPAD   107
“S11   15”   KAYAMKULAM   108
“S11   15”   KARUNAGAPPALLY   116
KL   MAVELIKKARA   “S11   16”   CHANGANASSERY   99
“S11   16”   KUTTANAD   106
“S11   16”   MAVELIKKARA   109
“S11   16”   CHENGANNUR   110
“S11   16”   KUNNATHUR   118
“S11   16”   KOTTARAKKARA   119
“S11   16”   PATHANAPURAM   120
KL   PATHANAMTHITTA   “S11   17”   KANJIRAPPALLY   100
“S11   17”   POONJAR   101
“S11   17”   THIRUVALLA   111
“S11   17”   RANNI   112
“S11   17”   ARANMULA   113
“S11   17”   KONNI   114
“S11   17”   ADOOR   115
KL   KOLLAM   “S11   18”   CHAVARA   117
“S11   18”   PUNALUR   121
“S11   18”   CHADAYAMANGALAM   122
“S11   18”   KUNDARA   123
“S11   18”   KOLLAM   124
“S11   18”   ERAVIPURAM   125
“S11   18”   CHATHANNOOR   126
KL   ATTINGAL   “S11   19”   VARKALA   127
“S11   19”   ATTINGAL   128
“S11   19”   CHIRAYINKEEZHU   129
“S11   19”   NEDUMANGAD   130
“S11   19”   VAMANAPURAM   131
“S11   19”   ARUVIKKARA   136
“S11   19”   KATTAKKADA   138
KL   THIRUVANANTHAPURAM   “S11   20”   KAZHAKOOTTAM   132
“S11   20”   VATTIYOOUKAVU   133
“S11   20”   THIRUVANANTHAPURAM   134
“S11   20”   NEMOM   135
“S11   20”   PARASSALA   137
“S11   20”   KOVALAM   139
“S11   20”   NEYYATTINKARA   140
MP   MORENA   “S12   1”   SHEOPUR   1
“S12   1”   VIJAYPUR   2
“S12   1”   SABALGARH   3
“S12   1”   JOURA   4
“S12   1”   SUMAWALI   5
“S12   1”   MORENA   6
“S12   1”   DIMANI   7
“S12   1”   AMBAH   8
MP   BHIND   “S12   2”   ATER   9
“S12   2”   BHIND   10
“S12   2”   LAHAR   11
“S12   2”   MEHGAON   12
“S12   2”   GOHAD   13
“S12   2”   SEWDA   20
“S12   2”   BHANDER   21
“S12   2”   DATIA   22
MP   GWALIOR   “S12   3”   GWALIOR RURAL   14
“S12   3”   GWALIOR   15
“S12   3”   GWALIOR EAST   16
“S12   3”   GWALIOR SOUTH   17
“S12   3”   BHITARWAR   18
“S12   3”   DABRA   19
“S12   3”   KARERA   23
“S12   3”   POHARI   24
MP   GUNA   “S12   4”   SHIVPURI   25
“S12   4”   PICHHORE   26
“S12   4”   KOLARAS   27
“S12   4”   BAMORI   28
“S12   4”   GUNA   29
“S12   4”   ASHOK NAGAR   32
“S12   4”   CHANDERI   33
“S12   4”   MUNGAOLI   34
MP   SAGAR   “S12   5”   BINA   35
“S12   5”   KHURAI   36
“S12   5”   SURKHI   37
“S12   5”   NARYOLI   40
“S12   5”   SAGAR   41
“S12   5”   KURWAI   146
“S12   5”   SIRONJ   147
“S12   5”   SHAMSHABAD   148
MP   TIKAMGARH   “S12   6”   TIKAMGARH   43
“S12   6”   JATARA   44
“S12   6”   PRITHVIPUR   45
“S12   6”   NIWARI   46
“S12   6”   KHARGAPUR   47
“S12   6”   MAHARAJPUR   48
“S12   6”   CHHATARPUR   51
“S12   6”   BIJAWAR   52
MP   DAMOH   “S12   7”   DEORI   38
“S12   7”   REHLI   39
“S12   7”   BANDA   42
“S12   7”   MALHARA   53
“S12   7”   PATHARIYA   54
“S12   7”   DAMOH   55
“S12   7”   JABERA   56
“S12   7”   HATTA   57
MP   KHAJURAHO   “S12   8”   CHANDLA   49
“S12   8”   RAJNAGAR   50
“S12   8”   PAWAI   58
“S12   8”   GUNNAOR   59
“S12   8”   PANNA   60
“S12   8”   VIJAYRAGHAVGARH   92
“S12   8”   MURWARA   93
“S12   8”   BAHORIBAND   94
MP   SATNA   “S12   9”   CHITRAKOOT   61
“S12   9”   RAIGAON   62
“S12   9”   SATNA   63
“S12   9”   NAGOD   64
“S12   9”   MAIHAR   65
“S12   9”   AMARPATAN   66
“S12   9”   RAMPUR-BAGHELAN   67
MP   REWA   “S12   10”   SIRMOUR   68
“S12   10”   SEMARIYA   69
“S12   10”   TEONTHAR   70
“S12   10”   MAUGANJ   71
“S12   10”   DEOTALAB   72
“S12   10”   MANGAWAN   73
“S12   10”   REWA   74
“S12   10”   GURH   75
MP   SIDHI   “S12   11”   CHURHAT   76
“S12   11”   SIDHI   77
“S12   11”   SIHAWAL   78
“S12   11”   CHITRANGI   79
“S12   11”   SINGRAULI   80
“S12   11”   DEVSAR   81
“S12   11”   DHAUHANI   82
“S12   11”   BEOHARI   83
MP   SHAHDOL   “S12   12”   JAISINGHNAGAR   84
“S12   12”   JAITPUR   85
“S12   12”   KOTMA   86
“S12   12”   ANUPPUR   87
“S12   12”   PUSHPRAJGARH   88
“S12   12”   BANDHAVGARH   89
“S12   12”   MANPUR   90
“S12   12”   BARWARA   91
MP   JABALPUR   “S12   13”   PATAN   95
“S12   13”   BARGI   96
“S12   13”   JABALPUR PURBA   97
“S12   13”   JABALPUR UTTAR   98
“S12   13”   JABALPUR CANTT.   99
“S12   13”   JABALPUR PASCHIM   100
“S12   13”   PANAGAR   101
“S12   13”   SIHORA   102
MP   MANDLA   “S12   14”   SHAHPURA   103
“S12   14”   DINDORI   104
“S12   14”   BICHHIYA   105
“S12   14”   NIWAS   106
“S12   14”   MANDLA   107
“S12   14”   KEOLARI   116
“S12   14”   LAKHNADON   117
“S12   14”   GOTEGAON   118
MP   BALAGHAT   “S12   15”   BAIHAR   108
“S12   15”   LANJI   109
“S12   15”   PARASWADA   110
“S12   15”   BALAGHAT   111
“S12   15”   WARASEONI   112
“S12   15”   KATANGI   113
“S12   15”   BARGHAT   114
“S12   15”   SEONI   115
MP   CHHINDWARA   “S12   16”   JUNNARDEO   122
“S12   16”   AMARWARA   123
“S12   16”   CHURAI   124
“S12   16”   SAUNSAR   125
“S12   16”   CHHINDWARA   126
“S12   16”   PARASIA   127
“S12   16”   PANDHURNA   128
MP   HOSHANGABAD   “S12   17”   NARSINGPUR   119
“S12   17”   TENDUKHEDA   120
“S12   17”   GADARWARA   121
“S12   17”   SEONI-MALWA   136
“S12   17”   HOSHANGABAD   137
“S12   17”   SOHAGPUR   138
“S12   17”   PIPARIYA   139
“S12   17”   UDAIPURA   140
MP   VIDISHA   “S12   18”   BHOJPUR   141
“S12   18”   SANCHI   142
“S12   18”   SILWANI   143
“S12   18”   VIDISHA   144
“S12   18”   BASODA   145
“S12   18”   BUDHNI   156
“S12   18”   ICHHAWAR   158
“S12   18”   KHATEGAON   173
MP   BHOPAL   “S12   19”   BERASIA   149
“S12   19”   BHOPAL UTTAR   150
“S12   19”   NARELA   151
“S12   19”   BHOPAL DAKSHIN- PASCHIM   152
“S12   19”   BHOPAL MADHYA   153
“S12   19”   GOVINDPURA   154
“S12   19”   HUZUR   155
“S12   19”   SEHORE   159
MP   RAJGARH   “S12   20”   CHACHOURA   30
“S12   20”   RAGHOGARH   31
“S12   20”   NARSINGHGARH   160
“S12   20”   BIAORA   161
“S12   20”   RAJGARH   162
“S12   20”   KHILCHIPUR   163
“S12   20”   SARANGPUR   164
“S12   20”   SUSNER   165
MP   DEWAS   “S12   21”   ASHTA   157
“S12   21”   AGAR   166
“S12   21”   SHAJAPUR   167
“S12   21”   SHUJALPUR   168
“S12   21”   KALAPIPAL   169
“S12   21”   SONKATCH   170
“S12   21”   DEWAS   171
“S12   21”   HATPIPLIYA   172
MP   UJJAIN   “S12   22”   NAGADA-KHACHROD   212
“S12   22”   MAHIDPUR   213
“S12   22”   TARANA   214
“S12   22”   GHATIYA   215
“S12   22”   UJJAIN UTTAR   216
“S12   22”   UJJAIN DAKSHIN   217
“S12   22”   BADNAGAR   218
“S12   22”   ALOT   223
MP   MANDSOUR   “S12   23”   JAORA   222
“S12   23”   MANDSOUR   224
“S12   23”   MALHARGARH   225
“S12   23”   SUWASRA   226
“S12   23”   GAROTH   227
“S12   23”   MANASA   228
“S12   23”   NEEMUCH   229
“S12   23”   JAWAD   230
MP   RATLAM   “S12   24”   ALIRAJPUR   191
“S12   24”   JOBAT   192
“S12   24”   JHABUA   193
“S12   24”   THANDLA   194
“S12   24”   PETLAWAD   195
“S12   24”   RATLAM RURAL   219
“S12   24”   RATLAM CITY   220
“S12   24”   SAILANA   221
MP   DHAR   “S12   25”   SARDARPUR   196
“S12   25”   GANDHWANI   197
“S12   25”   KUKSHI   198
“S12   25”   MANAWAR   199
“S12   25”   DHARAMPURI   200
“S12   25”   DHAR   201
“S12   25”   BADNAWAR   202
“S12   25”   DR.AMBEDKARNAGAR-MHOW   209
MP   INDORE   “S12   26”   DEPALPUR   203
“S12   26”   INDORE-1   204
“S12   26”   INDORE-2   205
“S12   26”   INDORE-3   206
“S12   26”   INDORE-4   207
“S12   26”   INDORE-5   208
“S12   26”   RAU   210
“S12   26”   SANWER   211
MP   KHARGONE   “S12   27”   MAHESHWAR   183
“S12   27”   KASRAWAD   184
“S12   27”   KHARGONE   185
“S12   27”   BHAGWANPURA   186
“S12   27”   SENDHAWA   187
“S12   27”   RAJPUR   188
“S12   27”   PANSEMAL   189
“S12   27”   BADWANI   190
MP   KHANDWA   “S12   28”   BAGALI   174
“S12   28”   MANDHATA   175
“S12   28”   KHANDWA   177
“S12   28”   PANDHANA   178
“S12   28”   NEPANAGAR   179
“S12   28”   BURHANPUR   180
“S12   28”   BHIKANGAON   181
“S12   28”   BADWAH   182
MP   BETUL   “S12   29”   MULTAI   129
“S12   29”   AMLA   130
“S12   29”   BETUL   131
“S12   29”   GHORADONGRI   132
“S12   29”   BHAINSDEHI   133
“S12   29”   TIMARNI   134
“S12   29”   HARDA   135
“S12   29”   HARSUD   176
MH   NANDURBAR   “S13   1”   AKKALKUWA   1
“S13   1”   SHAHADA   2
“S13   1”   NANDURBAR   3
“S13   1”   NAWAPUR   4
“S13   1”   SAKRI   5
“S13   1”   SHIRPUR   9
MH   DHULE   “S13   2”   DHULE RURAL   6
“S13   2”   DHULE CITY   7
“S13   2”   SINDKHEDA   8
“S13   2”   MALEGAON CENTRAL   114
“S13   2”   MALEGAON OUTER   115
“S13   2”   BAGLAN   116
MH   JALGAON   “S13   3”   JALGAON CITY   13
“S13   3”   JALGAON RURAL   14
“S13   3”   AMALNER   15
“S13   3”   ERANDOL   16
“S13   3”   CHALISGAON   17
“S13   3”   PACHORA   18
MH   RAVER   “S13   4”   CHOPDA   10
“S13   4”   RAVER   11
“S13   4”   BHUSAWAL   12
“S13   4”   JAMNER   19
“S13   4”   MUKTAINAGAR   20
“S13   4”   MALKAPUR   21
MH   BULDHANA   “S13   5”   BULDHANA   22
“S13   5”   CHIKHLI   23
“S13   5”   SINDKHED RAJA   24
“S13   5”   MEHKAR   25
“S13   5”   KHAMGAON   26
“S13   5”   JALGAON (JAMOD)   27
MH   AKOLA   “S13   6”   AKOT   28
“S13   6”   BALAPUR   29
“S13   6”   AKOLA WEST   30
“S13   6”   AKOLA EAST   31
“S13   6”   MURTIJAPUR   32
“S13   6”   RISOD   33
MH   AMRAVATI   “S13   7”   BADNERA   37
“S13   7”   AMRAVATI   38
“S13   7”   TEOSA   39
“S13   7”   DARYAPUR   40
“S13   7”   MELGHAT   41
“S13   7”   ACHALPUR   42
MH   WARDHA   “S13   8”   DHAMAMGAON RAILWAY   36
“S13   8”   MORSHI   43
“S13   8”   ARVI   44
“S13   8”   DEOLI   45
“S13   8”   HINGANGHAT   46
“S13   8”   WARDHA   47
MH   RAMTEK   “S13   9”   KATOL   48
“S13   9”   SAVNER   49
“S13   9”   HINGNA   50
“S13   9”   UMRED   51
“S13   9”   KAMTHI   58
“S13   9”   RAMTEK   59
MH   NAGPUR   “S13   10”   NAGPUR SOUTH WEST   52
“S13   10”   NAGPUR SOUTH   53
“S13   10”   NAGPUR EAST   54
“S13   10”   NAGPUR CENTRAL   55
“S13   10”   NAGPUR WEST   56
“S13   10”   NAGPUR NORTH   57
MH   BHANDARA – GONDIYA   “S13   11”   TUMSAR   60
“S13   11”   BHANDARA   61
“S13   11”   SAKOLI   62
“S13   11”   ARJUNI-MORGAON   63
“S13   11”   TIRORA   64
“S13   11”   GONDIYA   65
MH   GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR   “S13   12”   AMGAON   66
“S13   12”   ARMORI   67
“S13   12”   GADCHIROLI   68
“S13   12”   AHERI   69
“S13   12”   BRAHMAPURI   73
“S13   12”   CHIMUR   74
MH   CHANDRAPUR   “S13   13”   RAJURA   70
“S13   13”   CHANDRAPUR   71
“S13   13”   BALLARPUR   72
“S13   13”   WARORA   75
“S13   13”   WANI   76
“S13   13”   ARNI   80
MH   YAVATMAL-WASHIM   “S13   14”   WASHIM   34
“S13   14”   KARANJA   35
“S13   14”   RALEGAON   77
“S13   14”   YAVATMAL   78
“S13   14”   DIGRAS   79
“S13   14”   PUSAD   81
MH   HINGOLI   “S13   15”   UMARKHED   82
“S13   15”   KINWAT   83
“S13   15”   HADGAON   84
“S13   15”   BASMATH   92
“S13   15”   KALAMNURI   93
“S13   15”   HINGOLI   94
MH   NANDED   “S13   16”   BHOKAR   85
“S13   16”   NANDED NORTH   86
“S13   16”   NANDED SOUTH   87
“S13   16”   NAIGAON   89
“S13   16”   DEGLUR   90
“S13   16”   MUKHED   91
MH   PARBHANI   “S13   17”   JINTUR   95
“S13   17”   PARBHANI   96
“S13   17”   GANGAKHED   97
“S13   17”   PATHRI   98
“S13   17”   PARTUR   99
“S13   17”   GHANSAWANGI   100
MH   JALNA   “S13   18”   101. JALNA   101
“S13   18”   BADNAPUR   102
“S13   18”   BHOKARDAN   103
“S13   18”   SILLOD   104
“S13   18”   PHULAMBRI   106
“S13   18”   PAITHAN   110
MH   AURANGABAD   “S13   19”   KANNAD   105
“S13   19”   AURANGABAD CENTRAL   107
“S13   19”   AURANGABAD WEST   108
“S13   19”   AURANGABAD EAST   109
“S13   19”   GANGAPUR   111
“S13   19”   VAIJAPUR   112
MH   DINDORI   “S13   20”   NANDGAON   113
“S13   20”   KALWAN   117
“S13   20”   CHANDVAD   118
“S13   20”   YEVLA   119
“S13   20”   NIPHAD   121
“S13   20”   DINDORI   122
MH   NASHIK   “S13   21”   SINNAR   120
“S13   21”   NASHIK EAST   123
“S13   21”   NASHIK CENTRAL   124
“S13   21”   NASHIK WEST   125
“S13   21”   DEVLALI   126
“S13   21”   IGATPURI   127
MH   PALGHAR   “S13   22”   DAHANU   128
“S13   22”   VIKRAMGAD   129
“S13   22”   PALGHAR   130
“S13   22”   BOISAR   131
“S13   22”   NALASOPARA   132
“S13   22”   VASAI   133
MH   BHIWANDI   “S13   23”   BHIWANDI RURAL   134
“S13   23”   SHAHAPUR   135
“S13   23”   BHIWANDI WEST   136
“S13   23”   BHIWANDI EAST   137
“S13   23”   KALYAN WEST   138
“S13   23”   MURBAD   139
MH   KALYAN   “S13   24”   AMBERNATH   140
“S13   24”   ULHAS NAGAR   141
“S13   24”   KALYAN EAST   142
“S13   24”   DOMBIVALI   143
“S13   24”   KALYAN RURAL   144
“S13   24”   MUMBRA-KALWA   149
MH   THANE   “S13   25”   MIRA BHAYANDAR   145
“S13   25”   OVALA – MAJIWADA   146
“S13   25”   KOPRI-PACHPAKHADI   147
“S13   25”   THANE   148
“S13   25”   AIROLI   150
“S13   25”   BELAPUR   151
MH   MUMBAI NORTH   “S13   26”   BORIVALI   152
“S13   26”   DAHISAR   153
“S13   26”   MAGATHANE   154
“S13   26”   KANDIVALI EAST   160
“S13   26”   CHARKOP   161
“S13   26”   MALAD WEST   162
MH   MUMBAI NORTH WEST   “S13   27”   JOGESHWARI EAST   158
“S13   27”   DINDOSHI   159
“S13   27”   GOREGAON   163
“S13   27”   VERSOVA   164
“S13   27”   ANDHERI WEST   165
“S13   27”   ANDHERI EAST   166
MH   MUMBAI NORTH EAST   “S13   28”   MULUND   155
“S13   28”   VIKHROLI   156
“S13   28”   BHANDUP WEST   157
“S13   28”   GHATKOPAR WEST   169
“S13   28”   GHATKOPAR EAST   170
“S13   28”   MANKHURD SHIVAJI NAGAR   171
MH   MUMBAI NORTH CENTRAL   “S13   29”   VILE PARLE   167
“S13   29”   CHANDIVALI   168
“S13   29”   KURLA   174
“S13   29”   KALINA   175
“S13   29”   VANDRE EAST   176
“S13   29”   VANDRE WEST   177
MH   MUMBAI SOUTH CENTRAL   “S13   30”   ANUSHAKTI NAGAR   172
“S13   30”   CHEMBUR   173
“S13   30”   DHARAVI   178
“S13   30”   SION KOLIWADA   179
“S13   30”   WADALA   180
“S13   30”   MAHIM   181
MH   MUMBAI SOUTH   “S13   31”   WORLI   182
“S13   31”   SHIVADI   183
“S13   31”   BYCULLA   184
“S13   31”   MALABAR HILL   185
“S13   31”   MUMBA DEVI   186
“S13   31”   COLABA   187
MH   RAIGAD   “S13   32”   PEN   191
“S13   32”   ALIBAG   192
“S13   32”   SHRIVARDHAN   193
“S13   32”   MAHAD   194
“S13   32”   DAPOLI   263
“S13   32”   GUHAGAR   264
MH   MAVAL   “S13   33”   PANVEL   188
“S13   33”   KARJAT   189
“S13   33”   URAN   190
“S13   33”   MAVAL   204
“S13   33”   CHINCHWAD   205
“S13   33”   PIMPRI   206
MH   PUNE   “S13   34”   VADGAOL SHERI   208
“S13   34”   SHIVAJINAGAR   209
“S13   34”   KOTHRUD   210
“S13   34”   PARVATI   212
“S13   34”   PUNE CANTONMENT   214
“S13   34”   KASBA PETH   215
MH   BARAMATI   “S13   35”   DAUND   199
“S13   35”   INDAPUR   200
“S13   35”   BARAMATI   201
“S13   35”   PURANDAR   202
“S13   35”   BHOR   203
“S13   35”   KHADAKWASALA   211
MH   SHIRUR   “S13   36”   JUNNAR   195
“S13   36”   AMBEGAON   196
“S13   36”   KHED ALANDI   197
“S13   36”   SHIRUR   198
“S13   36”   BHOSARI   207
“S13   36”   HADAPSAR   213
MH   AHMADNAGAR   “S13   37”   SHEVGAON   222
“S13   37”   RAHURI   223
“S13   37”   PARNER   224
“S13   37”   AHMEDNAGAR CITY   225
“S13   37”   SHRIGONDA   226
“S13   37”   KARJAT JAMKHED   227
MH   SHIRDI   “S13   38”   AKOLE   216
“S13   38”   SANGAMNER   217
“S13   38”   SHIRDI   218
“S13   38”   KOPARGAON   219
“S13   38”   SHRIRAMPUR   220
“S13   38”   NEVASA   221
MH   BEED   “S13   39”   GEORAI   228
“S13   39”   MAJALGAON   229
“S13   39”   BEED   230
“S13   39”   ASHTI   231
“S13   39”   KAIJ   232
“S13   39”   PARLI   233
MH   OSMANABAD   “S13   40”   AUSA   239
“S13   40”   UMARGA   240
“S13   40”   TULJAPUR   241
“S13   40”   OSMANABAD   242
“S13   40”   PARANDA   243
“S13   40”   BARSHI   246
MH   LATUR   “S13   41”   LOHA   88
“S13   41”   LATUR RURAL   234
“S13   41”   LATUR CITY   235
“S13   41”   AHMADPUR   236
“S13   41”   UDGIR   237
“S13   41”   NILANGA   238
MH   SOLAPUR   “S13   42”   MOHOL   247
“S13   42”   SOLAPUR CITY NORTH   248
“S13   42”   SOLAPUR CITY CENTRAL   249
“S13   42”   AKKALKOT   250
“S13   42”   SOLAPUR SOUTH   251
“S13   42”   PANDHARPUR   252
MH   MADHA   “S13   43”   KARMALA   244
“S13   43”   MADHA   245
“S13   43”   SANGOLE   253
“S13   43”   MALSHIRAS   254
“S13   43”   PHALTAN   255
“S13   43”   MAN   258
MH   SANGLI   “S13   44”   MIRAJ   281
“S13   44”   SANGLI   282
“S13   44”   PALUS-KADEGAON   285
“S13   44”   KHANAPUR   286
“S13   44”   TASGAON – KAVATHE MAHANKAL   287
“S13   44”   JAT   288
MH   SATARA   “S13   45”   WAI   256
“S13   45”   KOREGAON   257
“S13   45”   KARAD NORTH   259
“S13   45”   KARAD SOUTH   260
“S13   45”   PATAN   261
“S13   45”   SATARA   262
MH   RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG   “S13   46”   CHIPLUN   265
“S13   46”   RATNAGIRI   266
“S13   46”   RAJAPUR   267
“S13   46”   KANKAVLI   268
“S13   46”   KUDAL   269
“S13   46”   SAWANTWADI   270
MH   KOLHAPUR   “S13   47”   CHANDGAD   271
“S13   47”   RADHANAGARI   272
“S13   47”   KAGAL   273
“S13   47”   KOLHAPUR SOUTH   274
“S13   47”   KARVIR   275
“S13   47”   KOLHAPUR NORTH   276
MH   HATKANANGLE   “S13   48”   SHAHUWADI   277
“S13   48”   HATKANANGLE   278
“S13   48”   ICHALKARANJI   279
“S13   48”   SHIROL   280
“S13   48”   ISLAMPUR   283
“S13   48”   SHIRALA   284
MN   INNER MANIPUR   “S14   1”   KHUNDRAKPAM   1
“S14   1”   HEINGANG   2
“S14   1”   KHURAI   3
“S14   1”   KSHETRIGAO   4
“S14   1”   THONGJU   5
“S14   1”   KEIRAO   6
“S14   1”   ANDRO   7
“S14   1”   LAMLAI   8
“S14   1”   THANGMEIBAND   9
“S14   1”   URIPOK   10
“S14   1”   SAGOLBAND   11
“S14   1”   KEISHAMTHONG   12
“S14   1”   SINGJAMEI   13
“S14   1”   YAISKUL   14
“S14   1”   WANGKHEI   15
“S14   1”   SEKMAI   16
“S14   1”   LAMSANG   17
“S14   1”   KONTHOUJAM   18
“S14   1”   PATSOI   19
“S14   1”   LANGTHABAL   20
“S14   1”   NAORIYA PAKHANGLAKPA   21
“S14   1”   WANGOI   22
“S14   1”   MAYANG IMPHAL   23
“S14   1”   NAMBOL   24
“S14   1”   OINAM   25
“S14   1”   BISHNUPUR   26
“S14   1”   MOIRANG   27
“S14   1”   THANGA   28
“S14   1”   KUMBI   29
“S14   1”   LILONG   30
“S14   1”   THOUBAL   31
“S14   1”   WANGKHEM   32
MN   OUTER MANIPUR   “S14   2”   HEIROK   33
“S14   2”   WANGJING TENTHA   34
“S14   2”   KHANGABOK   35
“S14   2”   WABGAI   36
“S14   2”   KAKCHING   37
“S14   2”   HIYANGLAM   38
“S14   2”   SUGNU   39
“S14   2”   JIRIBAM   40
“S14   2”   CHANDEL (ST)   41
“S14   2”   TENGNOUPAL (ST)   42
“S14   2”   PHUNGYAR (ST)   43
“S14   2”   UKHRUL (ST)   44
“S14   2”   CHINGAI (ST)   45
“S14   2”   SAIKUL (ST)   46
“S14   2”   KARONG (ST)   47
“S14   2”   MAO (ST)   48
“S14   2”   TADUBI (ST)   49
“S14   2”   KANGPOKPI (ST)   50
“S14   2”   SAITU (ST)   51
“S14   2”   TAMEI (ST)   52
“S14   2”   TAMENGLONG (ST)   53
“S14   2”   NUNGBA (ST)   54
“S14   2”   TIPAIMUKH (ST)   55
“S14   2”   THANLON (ST)   56
“S14   2”   HENGLEP (ST)   57
“S14   2”   CHURACHANDPUR (ST)   58
“S14   2”   SAIKOT (ST)   59
“S14   2”   SINGHAT (ST)   60
ML   SHILLONG   “S15   1”   NARTIANG   1
“S15   1”   JOWAI   2
“S15   1”   RALIANG   3
“S15   1”   MOWKAIAW   4
“S15   1”   SUTNGA SAIPUNG   5
“S15   1”   KHLIEHRIAT   6
“S15   1”   AMLAREM   7
“S15   1”   MAWHATI   8
“S15   1”   NONGPOH   9
“S15   1”   JIRANG   10
“S15   1”   UMSNING   11
“S15   1”   UMROI   12
“S15   1”   MAWRYNGKNENG   13
“S15   1”   PYNTHORUMKHRAH   14
“S15   1”   MAWLAI   15
“S15   1”   EAST SHILLONG   16
“S15   1”   NORTH SHILLONG   17
“S15   1”   WEST SHILLONG   18
“S15   1”   SOUTH SHILLONG   19
“S15   1”   MYLLIEM   20
“S15   1”   NONGTHYMMAI   21
“S15   1”   NONGKREM   22
“S15   1”   SOHIONG   23
“S15   1”   MAWPHLANG   24
“S15   1”   MAWSYNRAM   25
“S15   1”   SHELLA   26
“S15   1”   PYNURSLA   27
“S15   1”   SOHRA   28
“S15   1”   MAWKYNREW   29
“S15   1”   MAIRANG   30
“S15   1”   MAWTHADRAISHAN   31
“S15   1”   NONGSTOIN   32
“S15   1”   RAMBRAI JYRNGAM   33
“S15   1”   MAWSHYNRUT   34
“S15   1”   RANIKOR   35
“S15   1”   MAWKYRWAT   36
ML   TURA   “S15   2”   KHARKUTTA   37
“S15   2”   MENDIPATHAR   38
“S15   2”   RESUBELPARA   39
“S15   2”   BAJENGDOBA   40
“S15   2”   SONGSAK   41
“S15   2”   RONGJENG   42
“S15   2”   WILLIAM NAGAR   43
“S15   2”   RAKSAMGRE   44
“S15   2”   TIKRIKILA   45
“S15   2”   PHULBARI   46
“S15   2”   RAJABALA   47
“S15   2”   SELSELLA   48
“S15   2”   DADENGGRE   49
“S15   2”   NORTH TURA   50
“S15   2”   SOUTH TURA   51
“S15   2”   RANGSAKONA   52
“S15   2”   AMPATI   53
“S15   2”   MAHENDRAGANJ   54
“S15   2”   SALMANPARA   55
“S15   2”   GAMBEGRE   56
“S15   2”   DALU   57
“S15   2”   RONGARA SIJU   58
“S15   2”   CHOKPOT   59
“S15   2”   BAGHMARA   60
MZ   MIZORAM   “S16   1”   HACHHEK   1
“S16   1”   DAMPA   2
“S16   1”   MAMIT   3
“S16   1”   TUIRIAL   4
“S16   1”   KOLASIB   5
“S16   1”   SERLUI   6
“S16   1”   TUIVAWL   7
“S16   1”   CHALFILH   8
“S16   1”   TAWI   9
“S16   1”   AIZAWL NORTH – I   10
“S16   1”   AIZAWL NORTH – II   11
“S16   1”   AIZAWL NORTH-III   12
“S16   1”   AIZAWL EAST – I   13
“S16   1”   AIZAWL EAST II   14
“S16   1”   AIZAWL WEST I   15
“S16   1”   AIZAWL WEST II   16
“S16   1”   AIZAWL WEST III   17
“S16   1”   AIZAWL SOUTH I   18
“S16   1”   AIZAWL SOUTH II (AIZAWL X)   19
“S16   1”   AIZAWL SOUTH-III   20
“S16   1”   LENGTENG   21
“S16   1”   TUICHANG   22
“S16   1”   CHAMPHAI NORTH   23
“S16   1”   CHAMPHAI SOUTH   24
“S16   1”   EAST TUIPUI   25
“S16   1”   SERCHHIP   26
“S16   1”   TUIKUM   27
“S16   1”   HRANGTURZO   28
“S16   1”   SOUTH TUIPUI   29
“S16   1”   LUNGLEI NORTH   30
“S16   1”   LUNGLEI EAST   31
“S16   1”   LUNGLEI WEST   32
“S16   1”   LUNGLEI SOUTH   33
“S16   1”   THORANG   34
“S16   1”   WEST TUIPUI   35
“S16   1”   TUICHAWNG   36
“S16   1”   LAWNGTLAI WEST   37
“S16   1”   LAWNGTLAI EAST   38
“S16   1”   SAIHA   39
“S16   1”   PALAK   40
NL   NAGALAND   “S17   1”   DIMAPUR-I   1
“S17   1”   DIMAPUR-II   2
“S17   1”   DIMAPUR-III   3
“S17   1”   GHASPANI-I   4
“S17   1”   GHASPANI-II   5
“S17   1”   TENNING   6
“S17   1”   PEREN   7
“S17   1”   WESTERN ANGAMI   8
“S17   1”   KOHIMA TOWN   9
“S17   1”   NORTHERN ANGAMI-I   10
“S17   1”   NORTHERN ANGAMI-II   11
“S17   1”   TSEMINYU   12
“S17   1”   PUGHOBOTO   13
“S17   1”   SOUTHERN ANGAMI-I   14
“S17   1”   SOUTHERN ANGAMI-II   15
“S17   1”   PFUTSERO   16
“S17   1”   CHIZAMI   17
“S17   1”   CHAZOUBA   18
“S17   1”   PHEK   19
“S17   1”   MELURI   20
“S17   1”   TULI   21
“S17   1”   ARKAKONG   22
“S17   1”   IMPUR   23
“S17   1”   ANGETYONGPANG   24
“S17   1”   MONGOYA   25
“S17   1”   AONGLENDEN   26
“S17   1”   MOKOKCHUNG TOWN   27
“S17   1”   KORIDANG   28
“S17   1”   JANGPETKONG   29
“S17   1”   ALONGTAKI   30
“S17   1”   AKULUTO   31
“S17   1”   ATOIZU   32
“S17   1”   SURUHOTO   33
“S17   1”   AGHUNATO   34
“S17   1”   ZUNHEBOTO   35
“S17   1”   SATAKHA   36
“S17   1”   TYUI   37
“S17   1”   WOKHA   38
“S17   1”   SANIS   39
“S17   1”   BHANDARI   40
“S17   1”   TIZIT   41
“S17   1”   WAKCHING   42
“S17   1”   TAPI   43
“S17   1”   PHOMCHING   44
“S17   1”   TEHOK   45
“S17   1”   MON TOWN   46
“S17   1”   ABOI   47
“S17   1”   MOKA   48
“S17   1”   TAMLU   49
“S17   1”   LONGLENG   50
“S17   1”   NOKSEN   51
“S17   1”   LONGKHIM CHARE   52
“S17   1”   TUENSANG SADAR-I   53
“S17   1”   TUENSANG SADAR-II   54
“S17   1”   TOBU   55
“S17   1”   NOKLAK   56
“S17   1”   THONOKNYU   57
“S17   1”   SHAMATOR CHESSORE   58
“S17   1”   SEYOCHUNG SITIMI   59
“S17   1”   PUNGRO KIPHIRE   60
OR   BARGARH   “S18   1”   PADAMPUR   1
“S18   1”   BIJEPUR   2
“S18   1”   BARGARH   3
“S18   1”   ATTABIRA   4
“S18   1”   BHATLI   5
“S18   1”   BRAJARAJNAGAR   6
“S18   1”   JHARSUGUDA   7
OR   SUNDARGARH   “S18   2”   TALSARA   8
“S18   2”   SUNDARGARH   9
“S18   2”   BIRAMITRAPUR   10
“S18   2”   RAGHUNATHPALI   11
“S18   2”   ROURKELA   12
“S18   2”   RAJGANGAPUR   13
“S18   2”   BONAI   14
OR   SAMBALPUR   “S18   3”   KUCHINDA   15
“S18   3”   RENGALI   16
“S18   3”   SAMBALPUR   17
“S18   3”   RAIRAKHOL   18
“S18   3”   DEOGARH   19
“S18   3”   CHHENDIPADA   62
“S18   3”   ATHAMALLIK   63
OR   KEONJHAR   “S18   4”   TELKOI   20
“S18   4”   GHASIPURA   21
“S18   4”   ANANDAPUR   22
“S18   4”   PATNA   23
“S18   4”   KEONJHAR   24
“S18   4”   CHAMPUA   25
“S18   4”   KARANJIA   30
OR   MAYURBHANJ   “S18   5”   JASHIPUR   26
“S18   5”   SARASKANA   27
“S18   5”   RAIRANGPUR   28
“S18   5”   BANGRIPOSI   29
“S18   5”   UDALA   31
“S18   5”   BARIPADA   33
“S18   5”   MORADA   34
OR   BALASORE   “S18   6”   BADASAHI   32
“S18   6”   JALESWAR   35
“S18   6”   BHOGRAI   36
“S18   6”   BASTA   37
“S18   6”   BALASORE   38
“S18   6”   REMUNA   39
“S18   6”   NILGIRI   40
OR   BHADRAK   “S18   7”   SORO   41
“S18   7”   SIMULIA   42
“S18   7”   BHANDARIPOKHARI   43
“S18   7”   BHADRAK   44
“S18   7”   BASUDEVPUR   45
“S18   7”   DHAMNAGAR   46
“S18   7”   CHANDABALI   47
OR   JAJPUR   “S18   8”   BINJHARPUR   48
“S18   8”   BARI   49
“S18   8”   BARCHANA   50
“S18   8”   DHARMASALA   51
“S18   8”   JAJPUR   52
“S18   8”   KOREI   53
“S18   8”   SUKINDA   54
OR   DHENKANAL   “S18   9”   DHENKANAL   55
“S18   9”   HINDOL   56
“S18   9”   KAMAKHYANAGAR   57
“S18   9”   PARJANGA   58
“S18   9”   PALLAHARA   59
“S18   9”   TALCHER   60
“S18   9”   ANGUL   61
OR   BOLANGIR   “S18   10”   BIRMAHARAJPUR   64
“S18   10”   SONEPUR   65
“S18   10”   LOISINGHA   66
“S18   10”   PATNAGARH   67
“S18   10”   BOLANGIR   68
“S18   10”   TITLAGARH   69
“S18   10”   KANTABANJI   70
OR   KALAHANDI   “S18   11”   NUAPADA   71
“S18   11”   KHARIAR   72
“S18   11”   LANJIGARH   77
“S18   11”   JUNAGARH   78
“S18   11”   DHARMGARH   79
“S18   11”   BHAWANIPATNA   80
“S18   11”   NARLA   81
OR   NABARANGPUR   “S18   12”   UMARKOTE   73
“S18   12”   JHARIGAM   74
“S18   12”   NABARANGPUR   75
“S18   12”   DABUGAM   76
“S18   12”   KOTPAD   142
“S18   12”   MALKANGIRI   146
“S18   12”   CHITRAKONDA   147
OR   KANDHAMAL   “S18   13”   BALIGUDA   82
“S18   13”   G. UDAYAGIRI   83
“S18   13”   PHULBANI   84
“S18   13”   KANTAMAL   85
“S18   13”   BOUDH   86
“S18   13”   DASPALLA   121
“S18   13”   BHANJANAGAR   123
OR   CUTTACK   “S18   14”   BARAMBA   87
“S18   14”   BANKI   88
“S18   14”   ATHAGARH   89
“S18   14”   BARABATI-CUTTACK   90
“S18   14”   CHOUDWAR-CUTTACK   91
“S18   14”   CUTTACK SADAR   93
“S18   14”   KHANDAPADA   120
OR   KENDRAPARA   “S18   15”   SALIPUR   94
“S18   15”   MAHANGA   95
“S18   15”   PATKURA   96
“S18   15”   KENDRAPARA   97
“S18   15”   AUL   98
“S18   15”   RAJANAGAR   99
“S18   15”   MAHAKALAPADA   100
OR   JAGATSINGHPUR   “S18   16”   NIALI   92
“S18   16”   PARADEEP   101
“S18   16”   TIRTOL   102
“S18   16”   BALIKUDA-ERSAMA   103
“S18   16”   JAGATSINGHPUR   104
“S18   16”   KAKATPUR   105
“S18   16”   NIMAPARA   106
OR   PURI   “S18   17”   PURI   107
“S18   17”   BRAMHAGIRI   108
“S18   17”   SATYABADI   109
“S18   17”   PIPILI   110
“S18   17”   CHILIKA   118
“S18   17”   RANPUR   119
“S18   17”   NAYAGARH   122
OR   BHUBANESWAR   “S18   18”   JAYADEV   111
“S18   18”   BHUBANESWAR CENTRAL (MADHYA)   112
“S18   18”   BHUBANESWAR NORTH (UTTAR)   113
“S18   18”   EKAMRA-BHUBANESWAR   114
“S18   18”   JATANI   115
“S18   18”   BEGUNIA   116
“S18   18”   KHURDA   117
OR   ASKA   “S18   19”   POLASARA   124
“S18   19”   KABISURYANGAR   125
“S18   19”   KHALIKOTE   126
“S18   19”   ASKA   128
“S18   19”   SURADA   129
“S18   19”   SANAKHEMUNDI   130
“S18   19”   HINJILI   131
OR   BERHAMPUR   “S18   20”   CHHATRAPUR   127
“S18   20”   GOPALPUR   132
“S18   20”   BERHAMPUR   133
“S18   20”   DIGAPAHANDI   134
“S18   20”   CHIKITI   135
“S18   20”   MOHANA   136
“S18   20”   PARALAKHEMUNDI   137
OR   KORAPUT   “S18   21”   GUNUPUR   138
“S18   21”   BISSAM CUTTACK   139
“S18   21”   RAYAGADA   140
“S18   21”   LAXMIPUR   141
“S18   21”   JEYPORE   143
“S18   21”   KORAPUT   144
“S18   21”   POTTANGI   145
PB   GURDASPUR   “S19   1”   SUJANPUR   1
“S19   1”   BHOA   2
“S19   1”   GURDASPUR   4
“S19   1”   DINA NAGAR   5
“S19   1”   QADIAN   6
“S19   1”   BATALA   7
“S19   1”   FATEHGARH CHURIAN   9
“S19   1”   DERA BABA NANAK   10
PB   AMRITSAR   “S19   2”   AJNALA   11
“S19   2”   RAJA SANSI   12
“S19   2”   MAJITHA   13
“S19   2”   AMRITSAR NORTH   15
“S19   2”   AMRITSAR WEST   16
“S19   2”   AMRITSAR CENTRAL   17
“S19   2”   AMRITSAR EAST   18
“S19   2”   AMRITSAR SOUTH   19
“S19   2”   ATTARI   20
PB   KHADOOR SAHIB   “S19   3”   JANDIALA   14
“S19   3”   TARN TARAN   21
“S19   3”   KHEM KARAN   22
“S19   3”   PATTI   23
“S19   3”   KHADOOR SAHIB   24
“S19   3”   BABA BAKALA   25
“S19   3”   KAPURTHALA   27
“S19   3”   SULTANPUR LODHI   28
“S19   3”   ZIRA   75
PB   JALANDHAR   “S19   4”   TALWARA   3
“S19   4”   PHILLAUR   30
“S19   4”   NAKODAR   31
“S19   4”   SHAHKOT   32
“S19   4”   KARTARPUR   33
“S19   4”   JALANDHAR WEST   34
“S19   4”   JALANDHAR CENTRAL   35
“S19   4”   JALANDHAR NORTH   36
“S19   4”   JALANDHAR CANTT.   37
“S19   4”   ADAMPUR   38
PB   HOSHIARPUR   “S19   5”   SRI HARGOBINDPUR   8
“S19   5”   BHOLATH   26
“S19   5”   PHAGWARA   29
“S19   5”   MUKERIAN   39
“S19   5”   DASUYA   40
“S19   5”   URMAR   41
“S19   5”   SHAM CHAURASI   42
“S19   5”   HOSHIARPUR   43
“S19   5”   CHABBEWAL   44
PB   ANANDPUR SAHIB   “S19   6”   GARHSHANKAR   45
“S19   6”   BANGA   46
“S19   6”   NAWAN SHAHR   47
“S19   6”   BALACHAUR   48
“S19   6”   ANANDPUR SAHIB   49
“S19   6”   RUPNAGAR   50
“S19   6”   CHAMKAUR SAHIB   51
“S19   6”   KHARAR   52
“S19   6”   S.A.S.NAGAR   53
PB   LUDHIANA   “S19   7”   LUDHIANA EAST   60
“S19   7”   LUDHIANA SOUTH   61
“S19   7”   ATAM NAGAR   62
“S19   7”   LUDHIANA CENTRAL   63
“S19   7”   LUDHIANA WEST   64
“S19   7”   LUDHIANA NORTH   65
“S19   7”   GILL   66
“S19   7”   DAKHA   68
“S19   7”   JAGRAON   70
PB   FATEHGARH SAHIB   “S19   8”   BASSI PATHANA   54
“S19   8”   FATEHGARH SAHIB   55
“S19   8”   AMLOH   56
“S19   8”   KHANNA   57
“S19   8”   SAMRALA   58
“S19   8”   SAHNEWAL   59
“S19   8”   PAYAL   67
“S19   8”   RAIKOT   69
“S19   8”   AMARGARH   106
PB   FARIDKOT   “S19   9”   NIHAL SINGHWALA   71
“S19   9”   BHAGHA PURANA   72
“S19   9”   MOGA   73
“S19   9”   DHARAMKOT   74
“S19   9”   GIDDERBAHA   84
“S19   9”   FARIDKOT   87
“S19   9”   KOTKAPURA   88
“S19   9”   JAITU   89
“S19   9”   RAMPURA PHUL   90
PB   FEROZPUR   “S19   10”   FIROZPUR CITY   76
“S19   10”   FIROZPUR RURAL   77
“S19   10”   GURU HAR SAHAI   78
“S19   10”   JALALABAD   79
“S19   10”   FAZILKA   80
“S19   10”   ABOHAR   81
“S19   10”   BALLUANA   82
“S19   10”   MALOUT   85
“S19   10”   MUKTSAR   86
PB   BATHINDA   “S19   11”   LAMBI   83
“S19   11”   BHUCHO MANDI   91
“S19   11”   BATHINDA URBAN   92
“S19   11”   BATHINDA RURAL   93
“S19   11”   TALWANDI SABO   94
“S19   11”   MAUR   95
“S19   11”   MANSA   96
“S19   11”   SARDULGARH   97
“S19   11”   BUDHLADA   98
PB   SANGRUR   “S19   12”   LEHRA   99
“S19   12”   DIRBA   100
“S19   12”   SUNAM   101
“S19   12”   BHADAUR   102
“S19   12”   BARNALA   103
“S19   12”   MEHAL KALAN   104
“S19   12”   MALERKOTLA   105
“S19   12”   DHURI   107
“S19   12”   SANGRUR   108
PB   PATIALA   “S19   13”   NABHA   109
“S19   13”   PATIALA RURAL   110
“S19   13”   RAJPURA   111
“S19   13”   DERA BASSI   112
“S19   13”   GHANAUR   113
“S19   13”   SANOUR   114
“S19   13”   PATIALA   115
“S19   13”   SAMANA   116
“S19   13”   SHUTRANA   117
RJ   GANGANAGAR   “S20   1”   SADULSHAHAR   1
“S20   1”   GANGANAGAR   2
“S20   1”   KARANPUR   3
“S20   1”   SURATGARH   4
“S20   1”   RAISINGH NAGAR   5
“S20   1”   SANGARIA   7
“S20   1”   HANUMANGARH   8
“S20   1”   PILIBANGA   9
RJ   BIKANER   “S20   2”   ANUPGARH   6
“S20   2”   KHAJUWALA   12
“S20   2”   BIKANER WEST   13
“S20   2”   BIKANER EAST   14
“S20   2”   KOLAYAT   15
“S20   2”   LUNKARANSAR   16
“S20   2”   DUNGARGARH   17
“S20   2”   NOKHA   18
RJ   CHURU   “S20   3”   NOHAR   10
“S20   3”   BHADRA   11
“S20   3”   SADULPUR   19
“S20   3”   TARANAGAR   20
“S20   3”   SARDARSHAHAR   21
“S20   3”   CHURU   22
“S20   3”   RATANGARH   23
“S20   3”   SUJANGARH   24
RJ   JHUNJHUNU   “S20   4”   PILANI   25
“S20   4”   SURAJGARH   26
“S20   4”   JHUNJHUNU   27
“S20   4”   MANDAWA   28
“S20   4”   NAWALGARH   29
“S20   4”   UDAIPURWATI   30
“S20   4”   KHETRI   31
“S20   4”   FATEHPUR   32
RJ   SIKAR   “S20   5”   LACHHMANGARH   33
“S20   5”   DHOD   34
“S20   5”   SIKAR   35
“S20   5”   DANTA RAMGARH   36
“S20   5”   KHANDELA   37
“S20   5”   NEEM KA THANA   38
“S20   5”   SRIMADHOPUR   39
“S20   5”   CHOMU   43
RJ   JAIPUR RURAL   “S20   6”   KOTPUTLI   40
“S20   6”   VIRATNAGAR   41
“S20   6”   SHAHPURA   42
“S20   6”   PHULERA   44
“S20   6”   JHOTWARA   46
“S20   6”   AMBER   47
“S20   6”   JAMWA RAMGARH   48
“S20   6”   BANSUR   63
RJ   JAIPUR   “S20   7”   HAWA MAHAL   49
“S20   7”   VIDHYADHAR NAGAR   50
“S20   7”   CIVIL LINES   51
“S20   7”   KISHAN POLE   52
“S20   7”   ADARSH NAGAR   53
“S20   7”   MALVIYA NAGAR   54
“S20   7”   SANGANER   55
“S20   7”   BAGRU   56
RJ   ALWAR   “S20   8”   TIJARA   59
“S20   8”   KISHANGARH BAS   60
“S20   8”   MUNDAWAR   61
“S20   8”   BEHROR   62
“S20   8”   ALWAR RURAL   65
“S20   8”   ALWAR URBAN   66
“S20   8”   RAMGARH   67
“S20   8”   RAJGARH LAXMANGARH   68
RJ   BHARATPUR   “S20   9”   KATHUMAR   69
“S20   9”   KAMAN   70
“S20   9”   NAGAR   71
“S20   9”   DEEG-KUMHER   72
“S20   9”   BHARATPUR   73
“S20   9”   NADBAI   74
“S20   9”   WEIR   75
“S20   9”   BAYANA   76
RJ   KARAULI-DHOLPUR   “S20   10”   BASERI   77
“S20   10”   BARI   78
“S20   10”   DHOLPUR   79
“S20   10”   RAJAKHERA   80
“S20   10”   TODABHIM   81
“S20   10”   HINDAUN   82
“S20   10”   KARAULI   83
“S20   10”   SAPOTRA   84
RJ   DAUSA   “S20   11”   BASSI   57
“S20   11”   CHAKSU   58
“S20   11”   THANAGAZI   64
“S20   11”   BANDIKUI   85
“S20   11”   MAHUWA   86
“S20   11”   SIKRAI   87
“S20   11”   DAUSA   88
“S20   11”   LALSOT   89
RJ   TONK-SAWAI MADHOPUR   “S20   12”   GANGAPUR   90
“S20   12”   BAMANWAS   91
“S20   12”   SAWAI MADHOPUR   92
“S20   12”   KHANDAR   93
“S20   12”   MALPURA   94
“S20   12”   NIWAI   95
“S20   12”   TONK   96
“S20   12”   DEOLI – UNIARA   97
RJ   AJMER   “S20   13”   DUDU   45
“S20   13”   KISHANGARH   98
“S20   13”   PUSHKAR   99
“S20   13”   AJMER NORTH   100
“S20   13”   AJMER SOUTH   101
“S20   13”   NASIRABAD   102
“S20   13”   MASUDA   104
“S20   13”   KEKRI   105
RJ   NAGAUR   “S20   14”   LADNUN   106
“S20   14”   DEEDWANA   107
“S20   14”   JAYAL   108
“S20   14”   NAGAUR   109
“S20   14”   KHINWSAR   110
“S20   14”   MAKRANA   113
“S20   14”   PARBATSAR   114
“S20   14”   NAWAN   115
RJ   PALI   “S20   15”   SOJAT   117
“S20   15”   PALI   118
“S20   15”   MARWAR JUNCTION   119
“S20   15”   BALI   120
“S20   15”   SUMERPUR   121
“S20   15”   OSIAN   125
“S20   15”   BHOPALGARH   126
“S20   15”   BILARA   131
RJ   JODHPUR   “S20   16”   PHALODI   122
“S20   16”   LOHAWAT   123
“S20   16”   SHERGARH   124
“S20   16”   SARDARPURA   127
“S20   16”   JODHPUR   128
“S20   16”   SOORSAGAR   129
“S20   16”   LUNI   130
“S20   16”   POKARAN   133
RJ   BARMER   “S20   17”   JAISALMER   132
“S20   17”   SHEO   134
“S20   17”   BARMER   135
“S20   17”   BAYTOO   136
“S20   17”   PACHPADRA   137
“S20   17”   SIWANA   138
“S20   17”   GUDHAMALANI   139
“S20   17”   CHOHTAN   140
RJ   JALORE   “S20   18”   AHORE   141
“S20   18”   JALORE   142
“S20   18”   BHINMAL   143
“S20   18”   SANCHORE   144
“S20   18”   RANIWARA   145
“S20   18”   SIROHI   146
“S20   18”   PINDWARA ABU   147
“S20   18”   REODAR   148
RJ   UDAIPUR   “S20   19”   GOGUNDA   149
“S20   19”   JHADOL   150
“S20   19”   KHERWARA   151
“S20   19”   UDAIPUR RURAL   152
“S20   19”   UDAIPUR   153
“S20   19”   SALUMBER   156
“S20   19”   DHARIAWAD   157
“S20   19”   ASPUR   159
RJ   BANSWARA   “S20   20”   DUNGARPUR   158
“S20   20”   SAGWARA   160
“S20   20”   CHORASI   161
“S20   20”   GHATOL   162
“S20   20”   GARHI   163
“S20   20”   BANSWARA   164
“S20   20”   BAGIDORA   165
“S20   20”   KUSHALGARH   166
RJ   CHITTORGARH   “S20   21”   MAVLI   154
“S20   21”   VALLABH NAGAR   155
“S20   21”   KAPASAN   167
“S20   21”   BEGUN   168
“S20   21”   CHITTORGARH   169
“S20   21”   NIMBAHERA   170
“S20   21”   BARI SADRI   171
“S20   21”   PRATAPGARH   172
RJ   RAJSAMAND   “S20   22”   BEAWAR   103
“S20   22”   MERTA   111
“S20   22”   DEGANA   112
“S20   22”   JAITARAN   116
“S20   22”   BHIM   173
“S20   22”   KUMBHALGARH   174
“S20   22”   RAJSAMAND   175
“S20   22”   NATHDWARA   176
RJ   BHILWARA   “S20   23”   ASIND   177
“S20   23”   MANDAL   178
“S20   23”   SAHARA   179
“S20   23”   BHILWARA   180
“S20   23”   SHAHPURA   181
“S20   23”   JAHAZPUR   182
“S20   23”   MANDALGARH   183
“S20   23”   HINDOLI   184
RJ   KOTA   “S20   24”   KESHORAIPATAN   185
“S20   24”   BUNDI   186
“S20   24”   PIPALDA   187
“S20   24”   SANGOD   188
“S20   24”   KOTA NORTH   189
“S20   24”   KOTA SOUTH   190
“S20   24”   LADPURA   191
“S20   24”   RAMGANJ MANDI   192
RJ   JHALAWAR-BARAN   “S20   25”   ANTA   193
“S20   25”   KISHANGANJ   194
“S20   25”   BARAN-ATRU   195
“S20   25”   CHHABRA   196
“S20   25”   DAG   197
“S20   25”   JHALRAPATAN   198
“S20   25”   KHANPUR   199
“S20   25”   MANOHAR THANA   200
SK   SIKKIM   “S21   1”   YOKSAM-TASHIDING   1
“S21   1”   YANGTHANG   2
“S21   1”   MANEYBUNG-DENTAM   3
“S21   1”   GYALSHING-BARNYAK   4
“S21   1”   RINCHENPONG   5
“S21   1”   DARAMDIN   6
“S21   1”   SOREONG-CHAKUNG   7
“S21   1”   SALGHARI-ZOOM   8
“S21   1”   BARFUNG   9
“S21   1”   POKLOK-KAMRANG   10
“S21   1”   NAMCHI-SINGHITHANG   11
“S21   1”   MELLI   12
“S21   1”   NAMTHANG-RATEYPANI   13
“S21   1”   TEMI-NAMPHING   14
“S21   1”   RANGANG-YANGANG   15
“S21   1”   TUMEN-LINGI   16
“S21   1”   KHAMDONG-SINGTAM   17
“S21   1”   WEST PENDAM   18
“S21   1”   RHENOCK   19
“S21   1”   CHUJACHEN   20
“S21   1”   GNATHANG-MACHONG   21
“S21   1”   NAMCHEYBUNG   22
“S21   1”   SHYARI   23
“S21   1”   MARTAM-RUMTEK   24
“S21   1”   UPPER TADONG   25
“S21   1”   ARITHANG   26
“S21   1”   GANGTOK   27
“S21   1”   UPPER BURTUK   28
“S21   1”   KABI LUNGCHUK   29
“S21   1”   DJONGU   30
“S21   1”   LACHEN MANGAN   31
“S21   1”   SANGHA   32
TN   THIRUVALLUR   “S22   1”   GUMMIDIPOONDI   1
“S22   1”   PONNERI   2
“S22   1”   THIRUVALLUR   4
“S22   1”   POONAMALLEE   5
“S22   1”   AVADI   6
“S22   1”   MADAVARAM   9
TN   CHENNAI NORTH   “S22   2”   TIRUVOTTIYUR   10
“S22   2”   DR.RADHAKRISHNAN NAGAR   11
“S22   2”   PERAMBUR   12
“S22   2”   KOLATHUR   13
“S22   2”   THIRU -VI -KA -NAGAR   15
“S22   2”   ROYAPURAM   17
TN   CHENNAI SOUTH   “S22   3”   VIRUGAMPAKKAM   22
“S22   3”   SAIDAPET   23
“S22   3”   THIYAGARAYANAGAR   24
“S22   3”   MYLAPORE   25
“S22   3”   VELACHERY   26
“S22   3”   SHOLINGANALLUR   27
TN   CHENNAI CENTRAL   “S22   4”   VILLIVAKKAM   14
“S22   4”   EGMORE   16
“S22   4”   HARBOUR   18
“S22   4”   CHEPAUK-THIRUVALLIKENI   19
“S22   4”   THOUSAND LIGHTS   20
“S22   4”   ANNA NAGAR   21
TN   SRIPERUMBUDUR   “S22   5”   MADURAVOYAL   7
“S22   5”   AMBATTUR   8
“S22   5”   ALANDUR   28
“S22   5”   SRIPERUMBUDUR   29
“S22   5”   PALLAVARAM   30
“S22   5”   TAMBARAM   31
TN   KANCHEEPURAM   “S22   6”   CHENGALPATTU   32
“S22   6”   THIRUPORUR   33
“S22   6”   CHEYYUR   34
“S22   6”   MADURANTAKAM   35
“S22   6”   UTHIRAMERUR   36
“S22   6”   KANCHEEPURAM   37
TN   ARAKKONAM   “S22   7”   TIRUTTANI   3
“S22   7”   ARAKKONAM   38
“S22   7”   SHOLINGUR   39
“S22   7”   KATPADI   40
“S22   7”   RANIPET   41
“S22   7”   ARCOT   42
TN   VELLORE   “S22   8”   VELLORE   43
“S22   8”   ANAIKATTU   44
“S22   8”   KILVAITHINANKUPPAM   45
“S22   8”   GUDIYATTAM   46
“S22   8”   VANIYAMBADI   47
“S22   8”   AMBUR   48
TN   KRISHNAGIRI   “S22   9”   UTHANGARAI   51
“S22   9”   BARGUR   52
“S22   9”   KRISHNAGIRI   53
“S22   9”   VEPPANAHALLI   54
“S22   9”   HOSUR   55
“S22   9”   THALLI   56
TN   DHARMAPURI   “S22   10”   PALACODU   57
“S22   10”   PENNAGARAM   58
“S22   10”   DHARMAPURI   59
“S22   10”   PAPPIREDDIPPATTI   60
“S22   10”   HARUR   61
“S22   10”   METTUR   85
TN   TIRUVANNAMALAI   “S22   11”   JOLARPET   49
“S22   11”   TIRUPPATTUR   50
“S22   11”   CHENGAM   62
“S22   11”   TIRUVANNAMALAI   63
“S22   11”   KILPENNATHUR   64
“S22   11”   KALASAPAKKAM   65
TN   ARANI   “S22   12”   POLUR   66
“S22   12”   ARANI   67
“S22   12”   CHEYYAR   68
“S22   12”   VANDAVASI   69
“S22   12”   GINGEE   70
“S22   12”   MAILAM   71
TN   VILUPPURAM   “S22   13”   TINDIVANAM   72
“S22   13”   VANUR   73
“S22   13”   VILUPPURAM   74
“S22   13”   VIKRAVANDI   75
“S22   13”   THIRUKOILUR   76
“S22   13”   ULUNDURPETTAI   77
TN   KALLAKURICHI   “S22   14”   RISHIVANDIYAM   78
“S22   14”   SANKARAPURAM   79
“S22   14”   KALLAKURICHI   80
“S22   14”   GANGAVALLI   81
“S22   14”   ATTUR   82
“S22   14”   YERCAUD   83
TN   SALEM   “S22   15”   OMALUR   84
“S22   15”   EDAPPADI   86
“S22   15”   SALEM (WEST)   88
“S22   15”   SALEM (NORTH)   89
“S22   15”   SALEM (SOUTH)   90
“S22   15”   VEERAPANDI   91
TN   NAMAKKAL   “S22   16”   SANKARI   87
“S22   16”   RASIPURAM   92
“S22   16”   SENTHAMANGALAM   93
“S22   16”   NAMAKKAL   94
“S22   16”   PARAMATHI-VELUR   95
“S22   16”   TIRUCHENGODU   96
TN   ERODE   “S22   17”   KUMARAPALAYAM   97
“S22   17”   ERODE (EAST)   98
“S22   17”   ERODE (WEST)   99
“S22   17”   MODAKURICHI   100
“S22   17”   DHARAPURAM   101
“S22   17”   KANGAYAM   102
TN   TIRUPPUR   “S22   18”   PERUNDURAI   103
“S22   18”   BHAVANI   104
“S22   18”   ANTHIYUR   105
“S22   18”   GOBICHETTIPALAYAM   106
“S22   18”   TIRUPPUR (NORTH)   113
“S22   18”   TIRUPPUR (SOUTH)   114
TN   NILGIRIS   “S22   19”   BHAVANISAGAR   107
“S22   19”   UDHAGAMANDALAM   108
“S22   19”   GUDALUR   109
“S22   19”   COONOOR   110
“S22   19”   METTUPPALAYAM   111
“S22   19”   AVANASHI   112
TN   COIMBATORE   “S22   20”   PALLADAM   115
“S22   20”   SULUR   116
“S22   20”   KAVUNDAMPALAYAM   117
“S22   20”   COIMBATORE (NORTH)   118
“S22   20”   COIMBATORE (SOUTH)   120
“S22   20”   SINGANALLUR   121
TN   POLLACHI   “S22   21”   THONDAMUTHUR   119
“S22   21”   KINATHUKADAVU   122
“S22   21”   POLLACHI   123
“S22   21”   VALPARAI   124
“S22   21”   UDUMALAIPETTAI   125
“S22   21”   MADATHUKULAM   126
TN   DINDIGUL   “S22   22”   PALANI   127
“S22   22”   ODDANCHATRAM   128
“S22   22”   ATHOOR   129
“S22   22”   NILAKKOTTAI   130
“S22   22”   NATHAM   131
“S22   22”   DINDIGUL   132
TN   KARUR   “S22   23”   VEDASANDUR   133
“S22   23”   ARAVAKURICHI   134
“S22   23”   KARUR   135
“S22   23”   KRISHNARAYAPURAM   136
“S22   23”   MANAPPARAI   138
“S22   23”   VIRALIMALAI   179
TN   TIRUCHIRAPPALLI   “S22   24”   SRIRANGAM   139
“S22   24”   TIRUCHIRAPPALLI (WEST)   140
“S22   24”   TIRUCHIRAPPALLI (EAST)   141
“S22   24”   THIRUVERUMBUR   142
“S22   24”   GANDARVAKOTTAI   178
“S22   24”   PUDUKKOTTAI   180
TN   PERAMBALUR   “S22   25”   KULITHALAI   137
“S22   25”   LALGUDI   143
“S22   25”   MANACHANALLUR   144
“S22   25”   MUSIRI   145
“S22   25”   THURAIYUR   146
“S22   25”   PERAMBALUR   147
TN   CUDDALORE   “S22   26”   TITTAKUDI   151
“S22   26”   VRIDDHACHALAM   152
“S22   26”   NEYVELI   153
“S22   26”   PANRUTI   154
“S22   26”   CUDDALORE   155
“S22   26”   KURINJIPADI   156
TN   CHIDAMBARAM   “S22   27”   KUNNAM   148
“S22   27”   ARIYALUR   149
“S22   27”   JAYANKONDAM   150
“S22   27”   BHUVANAGIRI   157
“S22   27”   CHIDAMBARAM   158
“S22   27”   KATTUMANNARKOIL   159
TN   MAYILADUTHURAI   “S22   28”   SIRKAZHI   160
“S22   28”   MAYILADUTHURAI   161
“S22   28”   POOMPUHAR   162
“S22   28”   THIRUVIDAIMARUDUR   170
“S22   28”   KUMBAKONAM   171
“S22   28”   PAPANASAM   172
TN   NAGAPATTINAM   “S22   29”   NAGAPATTINAM   163
“S22   29”   KILVELUR   164
“S22   29”   VEDARANYAM   165
“S22   29”   THIRUTHURAIPOONDI   166
“S22   29”   THIRUVARUR   168
“S22   29”   NANNILAM   169
TN   THANJAVUR   “S22   30”   MANNARGUDI   167
“S22   30”   THIRUVAIYARU   173
“S22   30”   THANJAVUR   174
“S22   30”   ORATTANADU   175
“S22   30”   PATTUKKOTTAI   176
“S22   30”   PERAVURANI   177
TN   SIVAGANGA   “S22   31”   THIRUMAYAM   181
“S22   31”   ALANGUDI   182
“S22   31”   KARAIKUDI   184
“S22   31”   TIRUPPATTUR   185
“S22   31”   SIVAGANGA   186
“S22   31”   MANAMADURAI   187
TN   MADURAI   “S22   32”   MELUR   188
“S22   32”   MADURAI EAST   189
“S22   32”   MADURAI NORTH   191
“S22   32”   MADURAI SOUTH   192
“S22   32”   MADURAI CENTRAL   193
“S22   32”   MADURAI WEST   194
TN   THENI   “S22   33”   SHOLAVANDAN   190
“S22   33”   USILAMPATTI   197
“S22   33”   ANDIPATTI   198
“S22   33”   PERIYAKULAM   199
“S22   33”   BODINAYACKANUR   200
“S22   33”   CUMBUM   201
TN   VIRUDHUNAGAR   “S22   34”   THIRUPARANKUNDRAM   195
“S22   34”   THIRUMANGALAM   196
“S22   34”   SATTUR   204
“S22   34”   SIVAKASI   205
“S22   34”   VIRUDHUNAGAR   206
“S22   34”   ARUPPUKKOTTAI   207
TN   RAMANATHAPURAM   “S22   35”   ARANTHANGI   183
“S22   35”   TIRUCHULI   208
“S22   35”   PARAMAKUDI   209
“S22   35”   TIRUVADANAI   210
“S22   35”   RAMANATHAPURAM   211
“S22   35”   MUDHUKULATHUR   212
TN   THOOTHUKKUDI   “S22   36”   VILATHIKULAM   213
“S22   36”   THOOTHUKKUDI   214
“S22   36”   TIRUCHENDUR   215
“S22   36”   SRIVAIKUNTAM   216
“S22   36”   OTTAPIDARAM   217
“S22   36”   KOVILPATTI   218
TN   TENKASI   “S22   37”   RAJAPALAYAM   202
“S22   37”   SRIVILLIPUTHUR   203
“S22   37”   SANKARANKOVIL   219
“S22   37”   VASUDEVANALLUR   220
“S22   37”   KADAYANALLUR   221
“S22   37”   TENKASI   222
TN   TIRUNELVELI   “S22   38”   ALANGULAM   223
“S22   38”   TIRUNELVELI   224
“S22   38”   AMBASAMUDRAM   225
“S22   38”   PALAYAMKOTTAI   226
“S22   38”   NANGUNERI   227
“S22   38”   RADHAPURAM   228
TN   KANNIYAKUMARI   “S22   39”   KANNIYAKUMARI   229
“S22   39”   NAGERCOIL   230
“S22   39”   COLACHEL   231
“S22   39”   PADMANABHAPURAM   232
“S22   39”   VILAVANCODE   233
“S22   39”   KILLIYOOR   234
TR   TRIPURA WEST   “S23   1”   SIMNA   1
“S23   1”   MOHANPUR   2
“S23   1”   BAMUTIA   3
“S23   1”   BARJALA   4
“S23   1”   KHAYERPUR   5
“S23   1”   AGARTALA   6
“S23   1”   RAMNAGAR   7
“S23   1”   TOWN BORDOWALI   8
“S23   1”   BANAMALIPUR   9
“S23   1”   MAJLISHPUR   10
“S23   1”   MANDAIBAZAR   11
“S23   1”   TAKARJALA   12
“S23   1”   PRATAPGARH   13
“S23   1”   BADHARGHAT   14
“S23   1”   KAMALASAGAR   15
“S23   1”   BISHALGARH   16
“S23   1”   GOLAGHATI   17
“S23   1”   SURYAMANINAGAR   18
“S23   1”   CHARILAM   19
“S23   1”   BOXANAGAR   20
“S23   1”   NALCHAR   21
“S23   1”   SONAMURA   22
“S23   1”   DHANPUR   23
“S23   1”   BAGMA   30
“S23   1”   RADHAKISHOREPUR   31
“S23   1”   MATARBARI   32
“S23   1”   KAKRABAN-SALGARH   33
“S23   1”   RAJNAGAR   34
“S23   1”   BELONIA   35
“S23   1”   SANTIRBAZAR   36
TR   TRIPURA EAST   “S23   2”   RAMCHANDRAGHAT   24
“S23   2”   KHOWAI   25
“S23   2”   ASHARAMBARI   26
“S23   2”   KALYANPUR-PRAMODENAGAR   27
“S23   2”   TELIAMURA   28
“S23   2”   KRISHNAPUR   29
“S23   2”   HRISHYAMUKH   37
“S23   2”   JOLAIBARI   38
“S23   2”   MANU   39
“S23   2”   SABROOM   40
“S23   2”   AMPINAGAR   41
“S23   2”   AMARPUR   42
“S23   2”   KARBOOK   43
“S23   2”   RAIMA VALLEY   44
“S23   2”   KAMALPUR   45
“S23   2”   SURMA   46
“S23   2”   AMBASSA   47
“S23   2”   KARMACHHARA   48
“S23   2”   CHAWAMANU   49
“S23   2”   PABIACHHARA   50
“S23   2”   FATIKROY   51
“S23   2”   CHANDIPUR   52
“S23   2”   KAILASHAHAR   53
“S23   2”   KADAMTALA-KURTI   54
“S23   2”   BAGBASSA   55
“S23   2”   DHARMANAGAR   56
“S23   2”   JUBARAJNAGAR   57
“S23   2”   PANISAGAR   58
“S23   2”   PENCHARTHAL   59
“S23   2”   KANCHANPUR   60
UP   SAHARANPUR   “S24   1”   BEHAT   1
“S24   1”   SAHARANPUR NAGAR   3
“S24   1”   SAHARANPUR   4
“S24   1”   DEOBAND   5
“S24   1”   RAMPUR MANIHARAN   6
UP   KAIRANA   “S24   2”   NAKUR   2
“S24   2”   GANGOH   7
“S24   2”   KAIRANA   8
“S24   2”   THANA BHAWAN   9
“S24   2”   SHAMLI   10
UP   MUZAFFARNAGAR   “S24   3”   BUDHANA   11
“S24   3”   CHARTHAWAL   12
“S24   3”   MUZAFFAR NAGAR   14
“S24   3”   KHATAULI   15
“S24   3”   SARDHANA   44
UP   BIJNOR   “S24   4”   PURQAZI   13
“S24   4”   MEERAPUR   16
“S24   4”   BIJNOR   22
“S24   4”   CHANDPUR   23
“S24   4”   HASTINAPUR   45
UP   NAGINA   “S24   5”   NAJIBABAD   17
“S24   5”   NAGINA   18
“S24   5”   DHAMPUR   20
“S24   5”   NEHTAUR   21
“S24   5”   NOORPUR   24
UP   MORADABAD   “S24   6”   BARHAPUR   19
“S24   6”   KANTH   25
“S24   6”   THKURDWARA   26
“S24   6”   MORADABAD RURAL   27
“S24   6”   MORADABAD NAGAR   28
UP   RAMPUR   “S24   7”   SUAR   34
“S24   7”   CHAMRAUA   35
“S24   7”   BILASPUR   36
“S24   7”   RAMPUR   37
“S24   7”   MILAK   38
UP   SAMBHAL   “S24   8”   KUNDARKI   29
“S24   8”   BILARI   30
“S24   8”   CHANDAUSI   31
“S24   8”   ASMOLI   32
“S24   8”   SAMBHAL   33
UP   AMROHA   “S24   9”   DHANAURA   39
“S24   9”   NAUGAWAN SADAT   40
“S24   9”   AMROHA   41
“S24   9”   HASANPUR   42
“S24   9”   GARHMUKTESHWAR   60
UP   MEERUT   “S24   10”   KITHORE   46
“S24   10”   MEERUT CANTT.   47
“S24   10”   MEERUT   48
“S24   10”   MEERUT SOUTH   49
“S24   10”   HAPUR   59
UP   BAGHPAT   “S24   11”   SIWAL KHAS   43
“S24   11”   CHHAPRAULI   50
“S24   11”   BARAUT   51
“S24   11”   BAGHPAT   52
“S24   11”   MONI NAGAR   57
UP   GHAZIABAD   “S24   12”   LONI   53
“S24   12”   MURADNAGAR   54
“S24   12”   SAHIBABAD   55
“S24   12”   GAZIABAD   56
“S24   12”   DHOLANA   58
UP   GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR   “S24   13”   NOIDA   61
“S24   13”   DADRI   62
“S24   13”   JEWAR   63
“S24   13”   SIKANDRABAD   64
“S24   13”   KHURJA   70
UP   BULANDSHAHR   “S24   14”   BULANDSHAHR   65
“S24   14”   SYANA   66
“S24   14”   ANUPSHAHR   67
“S24   14”   DEBAI   68
“S24   14”   SHIKARPUR   69
UP   ALIGARH   “S24   15”   KHAIR   71
“S24   15”   BARAULI   72
“S24   15”   ATRAULI   73
“S24   15”   KOIL   75
“S24   15”   ALIGARH   76
UP   HATHRAS   “S24   16”   CHHARRA   74
“S24   16”   IGLAS   77
“S24   16”   HATHRAS   78
“S24   16”   SADABAD   79
“S24   16”   SIKANDRA RAO   80
UP   MATHURA   “S24   17”   CHHATA   81
“S24   17”   MANT   82
“S24   17”   GOVERDHAN   83
“S24   17”   MATHURA   84
“S24   17”   BALDEV   85
UP   AGRA   “S24   18”   ETMADPUR   86
“S24   18”   AGRA CANTT.   87
“S24   18”   AGRA SOUTH   88
“S24   18”   AGRA NORTH   89
“S24   18”   JALESAR   106
UP   FATEHPUR SIKRI   “S24   19”   AGRA RURAL   90
“S24   19”   FATEHPUR SIKARI   91
“S24   19”   KHERAGARH   92
“S24   19”   FATEHABAD   93
“S24   19”   BAH   94
UP   FIROZABAD   “S24   20”   TUNDLA   95
“S24   20”   JASRANA   96
“S24   20”   FIROZABAD   97
“S24   20”   SHIKOHABAD   98
“S24   20”   SIRSAGANJ   99
UP   MAINPURI   “S24   21”   MAINPURI   107
“S24   21”   BHONGAON   108
“S24   21”   KISHANI   109
“S24   21”   KARHAL   110
“S24   21”   JASWANTNAGAR   199
UP   ETAH   “S24   22”   KASGANJ   100
“S24   22”   AMANPUR   101
“S24   22”   PATIYALI   102
“S24   22”   ETAH   104
“S24   22”   MARHARA   105
UP   BADAUN   “S24   23”   GUNNAUR   111
“S24   23”   BISAULI   112
“S24   23”   SAHASWAN   113
“S24   23”   BILSI   114
“S24   23”   BUDAUN   115
UP   AONLA   “S24   24”   SHEKHUPUR   116
“S24   24”   DATAGANJ   117
“S24   24”   FARIDPUR   122
“S24   24”   BITHARI CHAINPUR   123
“S24   24”   AONLA   126
UP   BAREILLY   “S24   25”   MEERGANJ   119
“S24   25”   GHOJIPURA   120
“S24   25”   NAWABGANJ   121
“S24   25”   BAREILLY   124
“S24   25”   BARELLY CANTT.   125
UP   PILIBHIT   “S24   26”   BAHERI   118
“S24   26”   PILIBHIT   127
“S24   26”   BARKHERA   128
“S24   26”   PURANPUR   129
“S24   26”   BISALPUR   130
UP   SHAHJAHANPUR   “S24   27”   KATRA   131
“S24   27”   JALALABAD   132
“S24   27”   TILHAR   133
“S24   27”   POWAYAN   134
“S24   27”   SHAHJAHANPUR   135
“S24   27”   DADRAUL   136
UP   KHERI   “S24   28”   PALIA   137
“S24   28”   NIGHASAN   138
“S24   28”   GOLA GOKRANNATH   139
“S24   28”   SRI NAGAR   140
“S24   28”   LAKHIMPUR   142
UP   DHAURAHRA   “S24   29”   DHAURAHRA   141
“S24   29”   KASTA   143
“S24   29”   MOHAMMDI   144
“S24   29”   MAHOLI   145
“S24   29”   HARGAON   147
UP   SITAPUR   “S24   30”   SITAPUR   146
“S24   30”   LAHARPUR   148
“S24   30”   BISWAN   149
“S24   30”   SEVATA   150
“S24   30”   MAHMOODABAD   151
UP   HARDOI   “S24   31”   SAWAIJPUR   154
“S24   31”   SHAHABAD   155
“S24   31”   HARDOI   156
“S24   31”   GOPAMAU   157
“S24   31”   SANDI   158
UP   MISRIKH   “S24   32”   MISRIKH   153
“S24   32”   BILGRAM-MALLANWAN   159
“S24   32”   BALAMAU   160
“S24   32”   SANDILA   161
“S24   32”   BILHAUR   209
UP   UNNAO   “S24   33”   BANGARMAU   162
“S24   33”   SAFIPUR   163
“S24   33”   MOHAN   164
“S24   33”   UNNAO   165
“S24   33”   BHAGWANTNAGAR   166
“S24   33”   PURWA   167
UP   MOHANLALGANJ   “S24   34”   SIDHAULI   152
“S24   34”   MALIHABAD   168
“S24   34”   BAKSHI KAA TALAB   169
“S24   34”   SAROJINI NAGAR   170
“S24   34”   MOHANLALGANJ   176
UP   LUCKNOW   “S24   35”   LUCKNOW WEST   171
“S24   35”   LUCKNOW NORTH   172
“S24   35”   LUCKNOW EAST   173
“S24   35”   LUCKNOW CENTRAL   174
“S24   35”   LUCKNOW CANTT.   175
UP   RAE BARELI   “S24   36”   BACHHRAWAN   177
“S24   36”   HARCHANDPUR   179
“S24   36”   RAE BARELI   180
“S24   36”   SARENI   182
“S24   36”   UNCHAHAR   183
UP   AMETHI   “S24   37”   TILOI   178
“S24   37”   SALON   181
“S24   37”   JAGDISHPUR   184
“S24   37”   GAURIGANJ   185
“S24   37”   AMETHI   186
UP   SULTANPUR   “S24   38”   ISAULI   187
“S24   38”   SULTANPUR   188
“S24   38”   SADAR   189
“S24   38”   LAMBHUA   190
“S24   38”   KADIPUR   191
UP   PRATAPGARH   “S24   39”   RAMPUR KHAS   244
“S24   39”   BISHWAVNATHGANJ   247
“S24   39”   PRATAPGARH   248
“S24   39”   PATTI   249
“S24   39”   RANIGANJ   250
UP   FARRUKHABAD   “S24   40”   ALIGANJ   103
“S24   40”   KAIMGANJ   192
“S24   40”   AMRITPUR   193
“S24   40”   FARRUKHABAD   194
“S24   40”   BHOJPUR   195
UP   ETAWAH   “S24   41”   ETAWAH   200
“S24   41”   BHARTHANA   201
“S24   41”   DIBIYAPUR   203
“S24   41”   AURAIYA   204
“S24   41”   SIKANDRA   207
UP   KANNAUJ   “S24   42”   CHHIBRAMAU   196
“S24   42”   TIRWA   197
“S24   42”   KANNAUJ   198
“S24   42”   BIDHUNA   202
“S24   42”   RASULABAD   205
UP   KANPUR   “S24   43”   GOVINDNAGAR   212
“S24   43”   SISHAMAU   213
“S24   43”   ARYA NAGAR   214
“S24   43”   DIDWAI NAGAR   215
“S24   43”   KANPUR CANTT.   216
UP   AKBARPUR   “S24   44”   AKBARPUR – RANIYA   206
“S24   44”   BITHOOR   210
“S24   44”   KALYANPUR   211
“S24   44”   MAHARAJPUR   217
“S24   44”   GHATAMPUR   218
UP   JALAUN   “S24   45”   BHOGNIPUR   208
“S24   45”   MADHAUGARH   219
“S24   45”   KALPI   220
“S24   45”   ORAI   221
“S24   45”   GARAUTHA   225
UP   JHANSI   “S24   46”   BABINA   222
“S24   46”   JHANSI NAGAR   223
“S24   46”   MAURANIPUR   224
“S24   46”   LALITPUR   226
“S24   46”   MEHRONI   227
UP   HAMIRPUR   “S24   47”   HAMIRPUR   228
“S24   47”   RATH   229
“S24   47”   MAHOBA   230
“S24   47”   CHARKHARI   231
“S24   47”   TINDWARI   232
UP   BANDA   “S24   48”   BABERU   233
“S24   48”   NARAINI   234
“S24   48”   BANDA   235
“S24   48”   CHITRAKOOT   236
“S24   48”   MANIKPUR   237
UP   FATEHPUR   “S24   49”   JAHANABAD   238
“S24   49”   BINKDI   239
“S24   49”   FATEHPUR   240
“S24   49”   AYAH SHAH   241
“S24   49”   HUSAINGANJ   242
“S24   49”   KHAGA   243
UP   KAUSHAMBI   “S24   50”   BABAGANJ   245
“S24   50”   KUNDA   246
“S24   50”   SIRATHU   251
“S24   50”   MANJHANPUR   252
“S24   50”   CHAIL   253
UP   PHULPUR   “S24   51”   PHAPHAMAU   254
“S24   51”   SORAON   255
“S24   51”   PHULPUR   256
“S24   51”   ALLAHABAD WEST   261
“S24   51”   ALLAHABAD NORTH   262
UP   ALLAHABAD   “S24   52”   MEJA   259
“S24   52”   KARCHHANA   260
“S24   52”   ALLAHABAD SOUTH   263
“S24   52”   BARA   264
“S24   52”   KORAON   265
UP   BARABANKI   “S24   53”   KURSI   266
“S24   53”   RAM NAGAR   267
“S24   53”   BARABANKI   268
“S24   53”   ZAIDPUR   269
“S24   53”   HAIDERGARH   272
UP   FAIZABAD   “S24   54”   DARIYABAD   270
“S24   54”   RUDAULI   271
“S24   54”   MILKIPUR   273
“S24   54”   BIKAPUR   274
“S24   54”   AYODHYA   275
UP   AMBEDKAR NAGAR   “S24   55”   GOSHAINGANJ   276
“S24   55”   KATEHARI   277
“S24   55”   TANDA   278
“S24   55”   JALALPUR   280
“S24   55”   AKBARPUR   281
UP   BAHRAICH   “S24   56”   BALHA   282
“S24   56”   NANPARA   283
“S24   56”   MATERA   284
“S24   56”   MAHSI   285
“S24   56”   BAHRAICH   286
UP   KAISERGANJ   “S24   57”   PAYAGPUR   287
“S24   57”   KAISERGANJ   288
“S24   57”   KATRA BAZAR   297
“S24   57”   COLONELGANJ   298
“S24   57”   TARABGANJ   299
UP   SHRAWASTI   “S24   58”   BHINGA   289
“S24   58”   SHRAWASTI   290
“S24   58”   TULSIPUR   291
“S24   58”   GAINSARI   292
“S24   58”   BALRAMPUR   294
UP   GONDA   “S24   59”   UTRAULA   293
“S24   59”   MEHNAUN   295
“S24   59”   GONDA   296
“S24   59”   MANKAPUR   300
“S24   59”   GAURA   301
UP   DOMARIYAGANJ   “S24   60”   SHOHRATGARH   302
“S24   60”   KAPILVASTU   303
“S24   60”   BANSI   304
“S24   60”   ITWA   305
“S24   60”   DUMARIYAGANJ   306
UP   BASTI   “S24   61”   HARRAIYA   307
“S24   61”   KAPTANGANJ   308
“S24   61”   RUDHAULI   309
“S24   61”   BASTI SADAR   310
“S24   61”   MAHADEWA   311
UP   SANT KABIR NAGAR   “S24   62”   ALAPUR   279
“S24   62”   MENHDAWAL   312
“S24   62”   KHALILABAD   313
“S24   62”   DHANGHATA   314
“S24   62”   KHAJNI   325
UP   MAHARAJGANJ   “S24   63”   PHARENDA   315
“S24   63”   NAUTANWA   316
“S24   63”   SISWA   317
“S24   63”   MAHARAJGANJ   318
“S24   63”   PANIYARA   319
UP   GORAKHPUR   “S24   64”   CAIMPIYARGANJ   320
“S24   64”   PIPRAICH   321
“S24   64”   GORAKHPUR URBAN   322
“S24   64”   GORAKHPUR RURAL   323
“S24   64”   SAHAJANWA   324
UP   KUSHI NAGAR   “S24   65”   KHADDA   329
“S24   65”   PADRAUNA   330
“S24   65”   KUSHINAGAR   333
“S24   65”   HATA   334
“S24   65”   RAMKOLA   335
UP   DEORIA   “S24   66”   TAMKUHI RAJ   331
“S24   66”   FAZILNAGAR   332
“S24   66”   DEORIA   337
“S24   66”   PATHARDEVA   338
“S24   66”   RAMPUR KARKHANA   339
UP   BANSGAON   “S24   67”   CHAURI-CHAURA   326
“S24   67”   BANSGAON   327
“S24   67”   CHILLUPAR   328
“S24   67”   RUDRAPUR   336
“S24   67”   BARHAJ   342
UP   LALGANJ   “S24   68”   ATRAULIYA   343
“S24   68”   NIZAMABAD   348
“S24   68”   PHOOLPUR PAWAI   349
“S24   68”   DIDARGANJ   350
“S24   68”   LALGANJ   351
UP   AZAMGARH   “S24   69”   GOPALPUR   344
“S24   69”   SAGRI   345
“S24   69”   MUBARAKPUR   346
“S24   69”   AZAMGARH   347
“S24   69”   MEHNAGAR   352
UP   GHOSI   “S24   70”   MADHUBAN   353
“S24   70”   GHOSI   354
“S24   70”   MUHAMMADABAD- GOHNA   355
“S24   70”   MAU   356
“S24   70”   RASARA   358
UP   SALEMPUR   “S24   71”   BHATPAR RANI   340
“S24   71”   SALEMPUR   341
“S24   71”   BELTHARA ROAD   357
“S24   71”   SIKANDARPUR   359
“S24   71”   BANSDEEH   362
UP   BALLIA   “S24   72”   PHEPHANA   360
“S24   72”   BALLIA NAGAR   361
“S24   72”   BAIRIA   363
“S24   72”   ZAHOORABAD   377
“S24   72”   MOHAMMADABAD   378
UP   JAUNPUR   “S24   73”   BADLAPUR   364
“S24   73”   SHAHGANJ   365
“S24   73”   JAUNPUR   366
“S24   73”   MALHANI   367
“S24   73”   MUNGRA BADSHAHPUR   368
UP   MACHHLISHAHR   “S24   74”   MACHHLISHAHR   369
“S24   74”   MARIYAHU   370
“S24   74”   ZAFRABAD   371
“S24   74”   KERAKAT   372
“S24   74”   PINDRA   384
UP   GHAZIPUR   “S24   75”   JAKHANIAN   373
“S24   75”   SAIDPUR   374
“S24   75”   GHAZIPUR   375
“S24   75”   JANGIPUR   376
“S24   75”   ZAMANIA   379
UP   CHANDAULI   “S24   76”   MUGHALSARAI   380
“S24   76”   SAKALDIHA   381
“S24   76”   SAIYADRAJA   382
“S24   76”   AJAGARA   385
“S24   76”   SHIVPUR   386
UP   VARANASI   “S24   77”   ROHANIYA   387
“S24   77”   VARANASI NORTH   388
“S24   77”   VARANASI SOUTH   389
“S24   77”   VARANASI CANTT.   390
“S24   77”   SEVAPURI   391
UP   BHADOHI   “S24   78”   PRATAPPUR   257
“S24   78”   HANDIA   258
“S24   78”   BHADOHI   392
“S24   78”   GYANPUR   393
“S24   78”   AURAI   394
UP   MIRZAPUR   “S24   79”   CHHANBEY   395
“S24   79”   MIRZAPUR   396
“S24   79”   MAJHAWAN   397
“S24   79”   CHUNAR   398
“S24   79”   MARIHAN   399
UP   ROBERTSGANJ   “S24   80”   CHAKIA   383
“S24   80”   GHORAWAL   400
“S24   80”   ROBERTSGANJ   401
“S24   80”   OBRA   402
“S24   80”   DUDDHI   403
WB   COOCH BEHAR   “S25   1”   MATHABHANGA   2
“S25   1”   COOCH BEHAR UTTAR   3
“S25   1”   COOCH BEHAR DAKSHIN   4
“S25   1”   SITALKUCHI   5
“S25   1”   SITAI   6
“S25   1”   DINHATA   7
“S25   1”   NATABARI   8
WB   ALIPURDUARS   “S25   2”   TUFANGANJ   9
“S25   2”   KUMARGRAM   10
“S25   2”   KALCHINI   11
“S25   2”   ALIPURDUARS   12
“S25   2”   FALAKATA   13
“S25   2”   MADARIHAT   14
“S25   2”   NAGRAKATA   21
WB   JALPAIGURI   “S25   3”   MEKLIGANJ   1
“S25   3”   DHUPGURI   15
“S25   3”   MAYNAGURI   16
“S25   3”   JALPAIGURI   17
“S25   3”   RAJGANJ   18
“S25   3”   DABGRAM-PHULBARI   19
“S25   3”   MAL   20
WB   DARJEELING   “S25   4”   KALIMPONG   22
“S25   4”   DARJEELING   23
“S25   4”   KURSEONG   24
“S25   4”   MATIGARA-NAXALBARI   25
“S25   4”   SILIGURI   26
“S25   4”   PHANSIDEWA   27
“S25   4”   CHOPRA   28
WB   RAIGANJ   “S25   5”   ISLAMPUR   29
“S25   5”   GOALPOKHAR   30
“S25   5”   CHAKULIA   31
“S25   5”   KARANDIGHI   32
“S25   5”   HEMTABAD   33
“S25   5”   KALIAGANJ   34
“S25   5”   RAIGANJ   35
WB   BALURGHAT   “S25   6”   ITAHAR   36
“S25   6”   KUSHMANDI   37
“S25   6”   KUMARGANJ   38
“S25   6”   BALURGHAT   39
“S25   6”   TAPAN   40
“S25   6”   GANGARAMPUR   41
“S25   6”   HARIRAMPUR   42
WB   MALDAHA UTTAR   “S25   7”   HABIBPUR   43
“S25   7”   GAZOLE   44
“S25   7”   CHANCHAL   45
“S25   7”   HARISCHANDRAPUR   46
“S25   7”   MALATIPUR   47
“S25   7”   RATUA   48
“S25   7”   MALDAHA   50
WB   MALDAHA DAKSHIN   “S25   8”   MANIKCHAK   49
“S25   8”   ENGLISHBAZAR   51
“S25   8”   MOTHABARI   52
“S25   8”   SUJAPUR   53
“S25   8”   BAISNABNAGAR   54
“S25   8”   FARAKKA   55
“S25   8”   SAMSERGANJ   56
WB   JANGIPUR   “S25   9”   SUTI   57
“S25   9”   JANGIPUR   58
“S25   9”   RAGHUNATHGANJ   59
“S25   9”   SAGARDIGHI   60
“S25   9”   LALGOLA   61
“S25   9”   NABAGRAM   65
“S25   9”   KHARGRAM   66
WB   BAHARAMPUR   “S25   10”   BURWAN   67
“S25   10”   KANDI   68
“S25   10”   BHARATPUR   69
“S25   10”   REJINAGAR   70
“S25   10”   BELDANGA   71
“S25   10”   BAHARAMPUR   72
“S25   10”   NAODA   74
WB   MURSHIDABAD   “S25   11”   BHAGABANGOLA   62
“S25   11”   RANINAGAR   63
“S25   11”   MURSHIDABAD   64
“S25   11”   HARIHARPARA   73
“S25   11”   DOMKAL   75
“S25   11”   JALANGI   76
“S25   11”   KARIMPUR   77
WB   KRISHNANAGAR   “S25   12”   TEHATTA   78
“S25   12”   PALASHIPARA   79
“S25   12”   KALIGANJ   80
“S25   12”   NAKASHIPARA   81
“S25   12”   CHAPRA   82
“S25   12”   KRISHNANAGAR UTTAR   83
“S25   12”   KRISHNANAGAR DAKSHIN   85
WB   RANAGHAT   “S25   13”   NABADWIP   84
“S25   13”   SANTIPUR   86
“S25   13”   RANAGHAT UTTAR PASCHIM   87
“S25   13”   KRISHNAGANJ   88
“S25   13”   RANAGHAT UTTAR PURBA   89
“S25   13”   RANAGHAT DAKSHIN   90
“S25   13”   CHAKDAHA   91
WB   BANGAON   “S25   14”   KALYANI   92
“S25   14”   HARINGHATA   93
“S25   14”   BAGDA   94
“S25   14”   BANGAON UTTAR   95
“S25   14”   BANGAON DAKSHIN   96
“S25   14”   GAIGHATA   97
“S25   14”   SWARUPNAGAR   98
WB   BARRACKPORE   “S25   15”   AMDANGA   102
“S25   15”   BIJPUR   103
“S25   15”   NAIHATI   104
“S25   15”   BHATPARA   105
“S25   15”   JAGATDAL   106
“S25   15”   NOAPARA   107
“S25   15”   BARRACKPUR   108
WB   DUM DUM   “S25   16”   KHARDAHA   109
“S25   16”   DUM DUM UTTAR   110
“S25   16”   PANIHATI   111
“S25   16”   KAMARHATI   112
“S25   16”   BARANAGAR   113
“S25   16”   DUM DUM   114
“S25   16”   RAJARHAT GOPALPUR   117
WB   BARASAT   “S25   17”   HABRA   100
“S25   17”   ASHOKNAGAR   101
“S25   17”   RAJARHAT NEW TOWN   115
“S25   17”   BIDHANNAGAR   116
“S25   17”   MADHYAMGRAM   118
“S25   17”   BARASAT   119
“S25   17”   DEGANGA   120
WB   BASIRHAT   “S25   18”   BADURIA   99
“S25   18”   HAROA   121
“S25   18”   MINAKHAN   122
“S25   18”   SANDESHKHALI   123
“S25   18”   BASIRHAT DAKSHIN   124
“S25   18”   BASIRHAT UTTAR   125
“S25   18”   HINGALGANJ   126
WB   JOYNAGAR   “S25   19”   GOSABA   127
“S25   19”   BASANTI   128
“S25   19”   KULTALI   129
“S25   19”   JOYNAGAR   136
“S25   19”   CANNING PASCHIM   138
“S25   19”   CANNING PURBA   139
“S25   19”   MAGRAHAT PURBA   141
WB   MATHURAPUR   “S25   20”   PATHARPRATIMA   130
“S25   20”   KAKDWIP   131
“S25   20”   SAGAR   132
“S25   20”   KULPI   133
“S25   20”   RAIDIGHI   134
“S25   20”   MANDIRBAZAR   135
“S25   20”   MAGRAHAT PASCHIM   142
WB   DIAMOND HARBOUR   “S25   21”   DIAMOND HARBOUR   143
“S25   21”   FALTA   144
“S25   21”   SATGACHHIA   145
“S25   21”   BISHNUPUR   146
“S25   21”   MAHESHTALA   155
“S25   21”   BUDGE BUDGE   156
“S25   21”   METIABURUZ   157
WB   JADAVPUR   “S25   22”   BARUIPUR PURBA   137
“S25   22”   BARUIPUR PASCHIM   140
“S25   22”   SONARPUR DAKSHIN   147
“S25   22”   BHANGAR   148
“S25   22”   JADAVPUR   150
“S25   22”   SONARPUR UTTAR   151
“S25   22”   TOLLYGANJ   152
WB   KOLKATA DAKSHIN   “S25   23”   KASBA   149
“S25   23”   BEHALA PURBA   153
“S25   23”   BEHALA PASCHIM   154
“S25   23”   KOLKATA PORT   158
“S25   23”   BHABANIPUR   159
“S25   23”   RASHBEHARI   160
“S25   23”   BALLYGUNGE   161
WB   KOLKATA UTTAR   “S25   24”   CHOWRANGEE   162
“S25   24”   ENTALLY   163
“S25   24”   BELEGHATA   164
“S25   24”   JORASANKO   165
“S25   24”   SHYAMPUKUR   166
“S25   24”   MANIKTOLA   167
“S25   24”   KASHIPUR-BELGACHHIA   168
WB   HOWRAH   “S25   25”   BALLY   169
“S25   25”   HOWRAH UTTAR   170
“S25   25”   HOWRAH MADHYA   171
“S25   25”   SHIBPUR   172
“S25   25”   HOWRAH DAKSHIN   173
“S25   25”   SANKRAIL   174
“S25   25”   PANCHLA   175
WB   ULUBERIA   “S25   26”   ULUBERIA PURBA   176
“S25   26”   ULUBERIA UTTAR   177
“S25   26”   ULUBERIA DAKSHIN   178
“S25   26”   SHYAMPUR   179
“S25   26”   BAGNAN   180
“S25   26”   AMTA   181
“S25   26”   UDAYNARAYANPUR   182
WB   SRERAMPUR   “S25   27”   JAGATBALLAVPUR   183
“S25   27”   DOMJUR   184
“S25   27”   UTTARPARA   185
“S25   27”   SREERAMPUR   186
“S25   27”   CHAMPDANI   187
“S25   27”   CHANDITALA   194
“S25   27”   JANGIPARA   195
WB   HOOGHLY   “S25   28”   SINGUR   188
“S25   28”   CHANDANNAGAR   189
“S25   28”   CHUNCHURA   190
“S25   28”   BALAGARH   191
“S25   28”   PANDUA   192
“S25   28”   SAPTAGRAM   193
“S25   28”   DHANEKHALI   197
WB   ARAMBAGH   “S25   29”   HARIPAL   196
“S25   29”   TARAKESWAR   198
“S25   29”   PURSURAH   199
“S25   29”   ARAMBAG   200
“S25   29”   GOGHAT   201
“S25   29”   KHANAKUL   202
“S25   29”   CHANDRAKONA   232
WB   TAMLUK   “S25   30”   TAMLUK   203
“S25   30”   PANSKURA PURBA   204
“S25   30”   MOYNA   206
“S25   30”   NANDAKUMAR   207
“S25   30”   MAHISHADAL   208
“S25   30”   HALDIA   209
“S25   30”   NANDIGRAM   210
WB   KANTHI   “S25   31”   CHANDIPUR   211
“S25   31”   PATASHPUR   212
“S25   31”   KANTHI UTTAR   213
“S25   31”   BHAGABANPUR   214
“S25   31”   KHEJURI   215
“S25   31”   KANTHI DAKSHIN   216
“S25   31”   RAMNAGAR   217
WB   GHATAL   “S25   32”   PANSKURA PASCHIM   205
“S25   32”   SABANG   226
“S25   32”   PINGLA   227
“S25   32”   DEBRA   229
“S25   32”   DASPUR   230
“S25   32”   GHATAL   231
“S25   32”   KESHPUR   235
WB   JHARGRAM   “S25   33”   NAYAGRAM   220
“S25   33”   GOPIBALLAVPUR   221
“S25   33”   JHARGRAM   222
“S25   33”   GARBETA   233
“S25   33”   SALBONI   234
“S25   33”   BINPUR   237
“S25   33”   BANDWAN   238
WB   MEDINIPUR   “S25   34”   EGRA   218
“S25   34”   DANTAN   219
“S25   34”   KESHIARY   223
“S25   34”   KHARAGPUR SADAR   224
“S25   34”   NARAYANGARH   225
“S25   34”   KHARAGPUR   228
“S25   34”   MEDINIPUR   236
WB   PURULIA   “S25   35”   BALARAMPUR   239
“S25   35”   BAGHMUNDI   240
“S25   35”   JOYPUR   241
“S25   35”   PURULIA   242
“S25   35”   MANBAZAR   243
“S25   35”   KASHIPUR   244
“S25   35”   PARA   245
WB   BANKURA   “S25   36”   RAGHUNATHPUR   246
“S25   36”   SALTORA   247
“S25   36”   CHHATNA   248
“S25   36”   RANIBANDH   249
“S25   36”   RAIPUR   250
“S25   36”   TALDANGRA   251
“S25   36”   BANKURA   252
WB   BISHNUPUR   “S25   37”   BARJORA   253
“S25   37”   ONDA   254
“S25   37”   BISHNUPUR   255
“S25   37”   KATULPUR   256
“S25   37”   INDUS   257
“S25   37”   SONAMUKHI   258
“S25   37”   KHANDAGHOSH   259
WB   BARDHAMAN PURBA   “S25   38”   RAINA   261
“S25   38”   JAMALPUR   262
“S25   38”   KALNA   264
“S25   38”   MEMARI   265
“S25   38”   PURBASTHALI DAKSHIN   268
“S25   38”   PURBASTHALI UTTAR   269
“S25   38”   KATWA   270
WB   BURDWAN – DURGAPUR   “S25   39”   BURDWAN DAKSHIN   260
“S25   39”   MONTESWAR   263
“S25   39”   BURDWAN UTTAR   266
“S25   39”   BHATAR   267
“S25   39”   GALSI   274
“S25   39”   DURGAPUR PURBA   276
“S25   39”   DURGAPUR PASCHIM   277
WB   ASANSOL   “S25   40”   PANDABESWAR   275
“S25   40”   RANIGANJ   278
“S25   40”   JAMURIA   279
“S25   40”   ASNSOL DAKSHIN   280
“S25   40”   ASANSOL UTTAR   281
“S25   40”   KULTI   282
“S25   40”   BARABANI   283
WB   BOLPUR   “S25   41”   KETUGRAM   271
“S25   41”   MANGALKOT   272
“S25   41”   AUSGRAM   273
“S25   41”   BOLPUR   286
“S25   41”   NANOOR   287
“S25   41”   LABHPUR   288
“S25   41”   MAYURESWAR   290
WB   BIRBHUM   “S25   42”   DUBRAJPUR   284
“S25   42”   SURI   285
“S25   42”   SAINTHIA   289
“S25   42”   RAMPURHAT   291
“S25   42”   HANSAN   292
“S25   42”   NALHATI   293
“S25   42”   MURARAI   294
CG   SARGUJA   “S26   1”   PREMNAGAR   4
“S26   1”   BHATGAON   5
“S26   1”   PRATAPPUR   6
“S26   1”   RAMANUJGANJ   7
“S26   1”   SAMRI   8
“S26   1”   LUNDRA   9
“S26   1”   AMBIKAPUR   10
“S26   1”   SITAPUR   11
CG   RAIGARH   “S26   2”   JASHPUR   12
“S26   2”   KUNKURI   13
“S26   2”   PATHALGAON   14
“S26   2”   LAILUNDRA   15
“S26   2”   RAIGARH   16
“S26   2”   SARANGARH   17
“S26   2”   KHARSIA   18
“S26   2”   DHARAMJAIGARH   19
CG   JANJGIR-CHAMPA   “S26   3”   AKALTARA   33
“S26   3”   JAJGIR-CHAMPA   34
“S26   3”   SAKRI   35
“S26   3”   CHANDRAPURA   36
“S26   3”   JAIJAIPUR   37
“S26   3”   PAMGARH   38
“S26   3”   BILAIGARH   43
“S26   3”   KASDOL   44
CG   KORBA   “S26   4”   BHARATPUR-SONHAT   1
“S26   4”   MANENDRAGARH   2
“S26   4”   BAIKUNTHPUR   3
“S26   4”   RAMPUR   20
“S26   4”   KOBRA   21
“S26   4”   KATGHORA   22
“S26   4”   PALI-TANAKHAR   23
“S26   4”   MARWAHI   24
CG   BILASPUR   “S26   5”   KOTA   25
“S26   5”   LORMI   26
“S26   5”   MUNGELI   27
“S26   5”   TAKHATPUR   28
“S26   5”   BILHA   29
“S26   5”   BILASPUR   30
“S26   5”   BELTARA   31
“S26   5”   MASTURI   32
CG   RAJNANDGAON   “S26   6”   PANDARIYA   71
“S26   6”   KAWARGHA   72
“S26   6”   KHAIRAGARH   73
“S26   6”   DONGARGARH   74
“S26   6”   RAJNANDGAON   75
“S26   6”   DONGARGAON   76
“S26   6”   KHUJJI   77
“S26   6”   MOHALA-MANPUR   78
CG   DURG   “S26   7”   PATAN   62
“S26   7”   DURG-RURAL   63
“S26   7”   DURG-CITY   64
“S26   7”   DURG-NAGAR   65
“S26   7”   VAISHALI NAGAR   66
“S26   7”   AHIWARA   67
“S26   7”   SAJA   68
“S26   7”   BEMETARA   69
“S26   7”   NAWAGARH   70
CG   RAIPUR   “S26   8”   BALODA BAZAR   45
“S26   8”   BHATAPARA   46
“S26   8”   DHARSIWA   47
“S26   8”   RAIPUR RURAL   48
“S26   8”   RAIPUR CITY WEST   49
“S26   8”   RAIPUR CITY NORTH   50
“S26   8”   RAIPUR CITY SOUTH   51
“S26   8”   ARANG   52
“S26   8”   ABHANPUR   53
CG   MAHASAMUND   “S26   9”   SARAIPALI   39
“S26   9”   BASNA   40
“S26   9”   KHALLARI   41
“S26   9”   MAHASAMUND   42
“S26   9”   RAJIM   54
“S26   9”   BINDRANAWAGARH   55
“S26   9”   KURUD   57
“S26   9”   DHAMTARI   58
CG   BASTAR   “S26   10”   KONDAGAON   83
“S26   10”   NARAYANPUR   84
“S26   10”   BASTAR   85
“S26   10”   JAGDALPUR   86
“S26   10”   CHITRAKOT   87
“S26   10”   DANTEWARA   88
“S26   10”   BIJAPUR   89
“S26   10”   KONTA   90
CG   KANKER   “S26   11”   SIHAWA   56
“S26   11”   SANJARI BALOD   59
“S26   11”   DONDI LAHARA   60
“S26   11”   GUNDERDEHI   61
“S26   11”   ANTAGARH   79
“S26   11”   BHANUPRATAPPUR   80
“S26   11”   KANKER   81
“S26   11”   KESHKAR   82
JH   RAJMAHAL   “S27   1”   RAJMAHAL   1
“S27   1”   BORIO   2
“S27   1”   BARHAIT   3
“S27   1”   LITIPARA   4
“S27   1”   PAKHUR   5
“S27   1”   MAHESHPUR   6
JH   DUMKA   “S27   2”   SHIKARIPARA   7
“S27   2”   NALA   8
“S27   2”   JAMTARA   9
“S27   2”   DUMKA   10
“S27   2”   JAMA   11
“S27   2”   SARATH   14
JH   GODDA   “S27   3”   JARMUNDI   12
“S27   3”   MADHUPUR   13
“S27   3”   DEOGHAR   15
“S27   3”   POREYAHAT   16
“S27   3”   GODDA   17
“S27   3”   MAHAGAMA   18
JH   CHATRA   “S27   4”   SIMARIA   26
“S27   4”   CHATRA   27
“S27   4”   MANIKA   73
“S27   4”   LATEHAR   74
“S27   4”   PANKI   75
JH   KODARMA   “S27   5”   KODARMA   19
“S27   5”   BARKATHA   20
“S27   5”   DHANWAR   28
“S27   5”   BAGODAR   29
“S27   5”   JAMUA   30
“S27   5”   GANDEY   31
JH   GIRIDIH   “S27   6”   GIRIDIH   32
“S27   6”   DUMRI   33
“S27   6”   GOMIYA   34
“S27   6”   BERMO   35
“S27   6”   TUNDI   42
“S27   6”   BAGHMARA   43
JH   DHANBAD   “S27   7”   BOKARO   36
“S27   7”   CHANDANKYARI   37
“S27   7”   SINDRI   38
“S27   7”   NIRSA   39
“S27   7”   DHANBAD   40
“S27   7”   JHARIA   41
JH   RANCHI   “S27   8”   ICHAGARH   50
“S27   8”   SILLI   61
“S27   8”   KHIJRI   62
“S27   8”   RANCHI   63
“S27   8”   HATIA   64
“S27   8”   KANKE   65
JH   JAMSHEDPUR   “S27   9”   BAHARAGORA   44
“S27   9”   GHATSHILA   45
“S27   9”   POTKA   46
“S27   9”   JUGASHLAI   47
“S27   9”   JAMSHEDPUR EAST   48
“S27   9”   JAMSHEDPUR WEST   49
JH   SINGHBHUM   “S27   10”   SARAIKELLA   51
“S27   10”   CHAIBASA   52
“S27   10”   MAJHGANON   53
“S27   10”   JAGANATHPUR   54
“S27   10”   MANOHARPUR   55
“S27   10”   CHAKRADHARPUR   56
JH   KHUNTI   “S27   11”   KHARASAWAN   57
“S27   11”   TAMAR   58
“S27   11”   KHUNTI   60
“S27   11”   TORPA   60
“S27   11”   SIMDEGA   70
“S27   11”   KOLEBIRA   71
JH   LOHARDAGA   “S27   12”   MANDAR   66
“S27   12”   SISAI   67
“S27   12”   GUMLA   68
“S27   12”   BISHUNPUR   69
“S27   12”   LOHARDAGA   72
JH   PALAMAU   “S27   13”   DALTONGANJ   76
“S27   13”   BISHRAMPUR   77
“S27   13”   CHATTARPUR   78
“S27   13”   HUSSAINABAD   79
“S27   13”   GARHWA   80
“S27   13”   BHAWANATHPUR   81
JH   HAZARIBAGH   “S27   14”   BARHI   21
“S27   14”   BARKAGAON   22
“S27   14”   RAMGARH   23
“S27   14”   MANDHU   24
“S27   14”   HAZARIBAGH   25
UK   TEHRI GARHWAL   “S28   1”   PUROLA   1
“S28   1”   YAMUNOTRI   2
“S28   1”   GANGOTRI   3
“S28   1”   GHANSHALI   9
“S28   1”   PRATAPNAGAR   12
“S28   1”   TEHRI   13
“S28   1”   DHANOLTI   14
“S28   1”   CHAKRATA   15
“S28   1”   VIKASNAGAR   16
“S28   1”   SAHASPUR   17
“S28   1”   RAIPUR   19
“S28   1”   RAJPUR ROAD   20
“S28   1”   DEHRADUN CANTT.   21
“S28   1”   MUSSOORIE   22
UK   GARHWAL   “S28   2”   BADRINATH   4
“S28   2”   THARALI   5
“S28   2”   KARNPRAYAG   6
“S28   2”   KEDARNATH   7
“S28   2”   RUDRAPRAYAG   8
“S28   2”   DEOPRAYAG   10
“S28   2”   NARENDRANAGAR   11
“S28   2”   YAMKESHWAR   36
“S28   2”   PAURI   37
“S28   2”   SRINAGAR   38
“S28   2”   CHAUBATTAKHAL   39
“S28   2”   LANSDOWNE   40
“S28   2”   KOTDWAR   41
“S28   2”   RAMNAGAR   61
UK   ALMORA   “S28   3”   DHARCHULA   42
“S28   3”   DIDIHAT   43
“S28   3”   PITHORAGARH   44
“S28   3”   GANGOLIHAT   45
“S28   3”   KAPKOTE   46
“S28   3”   BAGESHWAR   47
“S28   3”   DWARAHAT   48
“S28   3”   SALT   49
“S28   3”   RANIKHET   50
“S28   3”   SOMESHWAR   51
“S28   3”   ALMORA   52
“S28   3”   JAGESHWAR   53
“S28   3”   LOHAGHAT   54
“S28   3”   CHAMPAWAT   55
UK   NAINITAL-UDHAMSINGH NAGAR   “S28   4”   LALKUWA   56
“S28   4”   BHIMTAL   57
“S28   4”   NAINITAL   58
“S28   4”   HALDWANI   59
“S28   4”   KALADHUNGI   60
“S28   4”   JASPUR   62
“S28   4”   KASHIPUR   63
“S28   4”   BAJPUR   64
“S28   4”   GADARPUR   65
“S28   4”   RUDRAPUR   66
“S28   4”   KICHHA   67
“S28   4”   SITARGANJ   68
“S28   4”   NANAK MATTA   69
“S28   4”   KHATIMA   70
UK   HARDWAR   “S28   5”   DHARAMPUR   18
“S28   5”   DOIWALA   23
“S28   5”   RISHIKESH   24
“S28   5”   HARDWAR   25
“S28   5”   B.H.E.L. RANIPUR   26
“S28   5”   JWALAPUR   27
“S28   5”   BHAGWANPUR   28
“S28   5”   JHABRERA   29
“S28   5”   PIRANKALIYAR   30
“S28   5”   ROORKEE   31
“S28   5”   KHANPUR   32
“S28   5”   MANGLORE   33
“S28   5”   LAKSAR   34
“S28   5”   HARDWAR RURAL   35
AN   ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS   “U01   1”   ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS   1
CH   CHANDIGARH   “U02   1”   CHANDIGARH   1
DN   DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI   “U03   1”   DADRA & NAGAR HAVELI   1
DD   DAMAN & DIU   “U04   1”   DAMAN AND DIU   1
DL   CHANDNI CHOWK   “U05   1”   ADARSH NAGAR   4
“U05   1”   SHALIMAR BAGH   14
“U05   1”   SHAKUR BASTI   15
“U05   1”   TRI NAGAR   16
“U05   1”   WAZIRPUR   17
“U05   1”   MODEL TOWN   18
“U05   1”   SADAR BAZAR   19
“U05   1”   CHANDNI CHOWK   20
“U05   1”   MATIA MAHAL   21
“U05   1”   BALLIMARAN   22
DL   NORTH EAST DELHI   “U05   2”   BURARI   2
“U05   2”   TIMARPUR   3
“U05   2”   SEEMA PURI   63
“U05   2”   ROHTAS NAGAR   64
“U05   2”   SEELAMPUR   65
“U05   2”   GHONDA   66
“U05   2”   BABARPUR   67
“U05   2”   GOKALPUR   68
“U05   2”   MUSTAFABAD   69
“U05   2”   KARAWAL NAGAR   70
DL   EAST DELHI   “U05   3”   JANGPURA   41
“U05   3”   OKHLA   54
“U05   3”   TRILOKPURI   55
“U05   3”   KONDLI   56
“U05   3”   PATPARGANJ   57
“U05   3”   LAXMI NAGAR   58
“U05   3”   VISHWAS NAGAR   59
“U05   3”   KRISHNA NAGAR   60
“U05   3”   GANDHI NAGAR   61
“U05   3”   SHAHDARA   62
DL   NEW DELHI   “U05   4”   KAROL BAGH   23
“U05   4”   PATEL NAGAR   24
“U05   4”   MOTI NAGAR   25
“U05   4”   DELHI CANTT   38
“U05   4”   RAJINDER NAGAR   39
“U05   4”   NEW DELHI   40
“U05   4”   KASTURBA NAGAR   42
“U05   4”   MALVIYA NAGAR   43
“U05   4”   R. K. PURAM   44
“U05   4”   GREATER KAILASH   50
DL   NORTH WEST DELHI   “U05   5”   NERELA   1
“U05   5”   BADLI   5
“U05   5”   RITHALA   6
“U05   5”   BAWANA   7
“U05   5”   MUNDKA   8
“U05   5”   KIRARI   9
“U05   5”   SULTANPUR MAJRA   10
“U05   5”   NANGLOI JAT   11
“U05   5”   MANGOL PURI   12
“U05   5”   ROHINI   13
DL   WEST DELHI   “U05   6”   MADIPUR   26
“U05   6”   RAJOURI GARDEN   27
“U05   6”   HARI NAGAR   28
“U05   6”   TILAK NAGAR   29
“U05   6”   JANAKPURI   30
“U05   6”   VIKASPURI   31
“U05   6”   UTTAM NAGAR   32
“U05   6”   DWARKA   33
“U05   6”   MATIALA   34
“U05   6”   NAJAFGARH   35
DL   SOUTH DELHI   “U05   7”   BIJWASAN   36
“U05   7”   PALAM   37
“U05   7”   MEHRAULI   45
“U05   7”   CHHATARPUR   46
“U05   7”   DEOLI   47
“U05   7”   AMBEDKAR NAGAR   48
“U05   7”   SANGAM VIHAR   49
“U05   7”   KALKAJI   51
“U05   7”   TUGHLAKABAD   52
“U05   7”   BADARPUR   53
LD   LAKSHADWEEP   “U06   1”   LAKSHADWEEP   1
PY   PUDUCHERRY   “U07   1”   MANNADIPET   1
“U07   1”   THIRUBUVANAI   2
“U07   1”   OUSSUDU   3
“U07   1”   MANGALAM   4
“U07   1”   VILLIANUR   5
“U07   1”   OZHUKARAI   6
“U07   1”   KADIRGAMAM   7
“U07   1”   INDIRA NAGAR   8
“U07   1”   THATTANCHAVADY   9
“U07   1”   KAMARAJ NAGAR   10
“U07   1”   LAWSPET   11
“U07   1”   KALAPET   12
“U07   1”   MUTHIALPET   13
“U07   1”   RAJ BHAVAN   14
“U07   1”   OUPALAM   15
“U07   1”   ORLEANPETH   16
“U07   1”   NELLITHOPE   17
“U07   1”   MUDALIARPET   18
“U07   1”   ARIANKUPPAM   19
“U07   1”   MANAVELY   20
“U07   1”   EMBALAM   21
“U07   1”   NETTPAKKAM   22
“U07   1”   BAHOUR   23
“U07   1”   NEDUNGADU   24
“U07   1”   THIRUNALLAR   25
“U07   1”   KARAIKAL NORTH   26
“U07   1”   KARAIKAL SOUTH   27
“U07   1”   NERAVY T.R. PATTINAM   28
“U07   1”   MAHE   29
“U07   1”   YANAM   30

Posted in 15th Lok Sabha, Academic research, Democracy, Elections, India's 2009 General Election, India's constitutional politics, India's Democracy, India's Lok Sabha, India's Parliament, India's State Assembly Constituencies, Parliamentary Constituencies, Political Science, Voting. Leave a Comment »

India’s 2009 General Elections: 467 constituencies (out of 543) for which candidates have been announced as of 1700hrs April 21

April 21, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

S01   1   16-Apr-09   AP   ADILABAD
S01   2   16-Apr-09   AP   PEDDAPALLE
S01   3   16-Apr-09   AP   KARIMNAGAR
S01   4   16-Apr-09   AP   NIZAMABAD
S01   5   16-Apr-09   AP   ZAHIRABAD
S01   6   16-Apr-09   AP   MEDAK
S01   7   16-Apr-09   AP   MALKAJGIRI
S01   8   16-Apr-09   AP   SECUNDRABAD
S01   9   16-Apr-09   AP   HYDERABAD
S01   10   16-Apr-09   AP   CHELVELLA
S01   11   16-Apr-09   AP   MAHBUBNAGAR
S01   12   16-Apr-09   AP   NAGARKURNOOL
S01   13   16-Apr-09   AP   NALGONDA
S01   14   16-Apr-09   AP   BHONGIR
S01   15   16-Apr-09   AP   WARANGAL
S01   16   16-Apr-09   AP   MAHABUBABAD
S01   17   16-Apr-09   AP   KHAMMAM
S01   18   16-Apr-09   AP   ARUKU
S01   19   16-Apr-09   AP   SRIKAKULAM
S01   20   16-Apr-09   AP   VIZIANAGARAM
S01   21   16-Apr-09   AP   VISAKHAPATNAM
S01   22   16-Apr-09   AP   ANAKAPALLI
S01   23   23-Apr-09   AP   KAKINADA
S01   24   23-Apr-09   AP   AMALAPURAM
S01   25   23-Apr-09   AP   RAJAHMUNDRY
S01   26   23-Apr-09   AP   NARSAPURAM
S01   27   23-Apr-09   AP   ELURU
S01   28   23-Apr-09   AP   MACHILIPATNAM
S01   29   23-Apr-09   AP   VIJAYAWADA
S01   30   23-Apr-09   AP   GUNTUR
S01   31   23-Apr-09   AP   NARASARAOPET
S01   32   23-Apr-09   AP   BAPATLA
S01   33   23-Apr-09   AP   ONGOLE
S01   34   23-Apr-09   AP   NANDYAL
S01   35   23-Apr-09   AP   KURNOOL
S01   36   23-Apr-09   AP   ANANTAPUR
S01   37   23-Apr-09   AP   HINDUPUR
S01   38   23-Apr-09   AP   KADAPA
S01   39   23-Apr-09   AP   NELLORE
S01   40   23-Apr-09   AP   TIRUPATI
S01   41   23-Apr-09   AP   RAJAMPET
S01   42   23-Apr-09   AP   CHITTOOR
S02   1   16-Apr-09   AR   ARUNACHAL WEST
S02   2   16-Apr-09   AR   ARUNACHAL EAST
S03   1   16-Apr-09   AS   KARIMGANJ
S03   2   16-Apr-09   AS   SILCHAR
S03   3   16-Apr-09   AS   AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT
S03   4   23-Apr-09   AS   DHUBRI
S03   5   23-Apr-09   AS   KOKRAJHAR
S03   6   23-Apr-09   AS   BARPETA
S03   7   23-Apr-09   AS   GAUHATI
S03   8   23-Apr-09   AS   MANGALDOI
S03   9   23-Apr-09   AS   TEZPUR
S03   10   23-Apr-09   AS   NOWGONG
S03   11   23-Apr-09   AS   KALIABOR
S03   12   23-Apr-09   AS   JORHAT
S03   13   23-Apr-09   AS   DIBRUGARH
S03   14   23-Apr-09   AS   LAKHIMPUR
S04   1   23-Apr-09   BR   VALMIKI NAGAR
S04   2   23-Apr-09   BR   PASCHIM CHAMPARAN
S04   3   23-Apr-09   BR   PURVI CHAMPARAN
S04   4   23-Apr-09   BR   SHEOHAR
S04   5   23-Apr-09   BR   SITAMARHI
S04   6   23-Apr-09   BR   MADHUBANI
S04   7   23-Apr-09   BR   JHANJHARPUR
S04   8   30-Apr-09   BR   SUPAUL
S04   9   30-Apr-09   BR   ARARIA
S04   10   30-Apr-09   BR   KISHANGANJ
S04   11   30-Apr-09   BR   KATIHAR
S04   12   30-Apr-09   BR   PURNIA
S04   13   30-Apr-09   BR   MADHEPURA
S04   14   23-Apr-09   BR   DARBHANGA
S04   15   23-Apr-09   BR   MUZAFFARPUR
S04   16   23-Apr-09   BR   VAISHALI
S04   17   16-Apr-09   BR   GOPALGANJ
S04   18   16-Apr-09   BR   SIWAN
S04   19   16-Apr-09   BR   MAHARAJGANJ
S04   20   16-Apr-09   BR   SARAN
S04   21   23-Apr-09   BR   HAJIPUR
S04   22   23-Apr-09   BR   UJIARPUR
S04   23   23-Apr-09   BR   SAMASTIPUR
S04   24   30-Apr-09   BR   BEGUSARAI
S04   25   30-Apr-09   BR   KHAGARIA
S04   26   30-Apr-09   BR   BHAGALPUR
S04   27   30-Apr-09   BR   BANKA
S04   28   30-Apr-09   BR   MUNGER
S04   29   7-May-09   BR   NALANDA
S04   32   16-Apr-09   BR   ARRAH
S04   33   16-Apr-09   BR   BUXAR
S04   34   16-Apr-09   BR   SASARAM
S04   35   16-Apr-09   BR   KARAKAT
S04   36   16-Apr-09   BR   JAHANABAD
S04   37   16-Apr-09   BR   AURANGABAD
S04   38   16-Apr-09   BR   GAYA
S04   39   16-Apr-09   BR   NAWADA
S04   40   16-Apr-09   BR   JAMUI
S05   1   23-Apr-09   GA   NORTH GOA
S05   2   23-Apr-09   GA   SOUTH GOA
S06   1   30-Apr-09   GJ   KACHCHH
S06   2   30-Apr-09   GJ   BANASKANTHA
S06   3   30-Apr-09   GJ   PATAN
S06   4   30-Apr-09   GJ   MAHESANA
S06   5   30-Apr-09   GJ   SABARKANTHA
S06   6   30-Apr-09   GJ   GANDHINAGAR
S06   7   30-Apr-09   GJ   AHMEDABAD EAST
S06   8   30-Apr-09   GJ   AHMEDABAD WEST
S06   9   30-Apr-09   GJ   SURENDRANAGAR
S06   10   30-Apr-09   GJ   RAJKOT
S06   11   30-Apr-09   GJ   PORBANDAR
S06   12   30-Apr-09   GJ   JAMNAGAR
S06   13   30-Apr-09   GJ   JUNAGADH
S06   14   30-Apr-09   GJ   AMRELI
S06   15   30-Apr-09   GJ   BHAVNAGAR
S06   16   30-Apr-09   GJ   ANAND
S06   17   30-Apr-09   GJ   KHEDA
S06   18   30-Apr-09   GJ   PANCHMAHAL
S06   19   30-Apr-09   GJ   DAHOD
S06   20   30-Apr-09   GJ   VADODARA
S06   21   30-Apr-09   GJ   CHHOTA UDAIPUR
S06   22   30-Apr-09   GJ   BHARUCH
S06   23   30-Apr-09   GJ   BARDOLI
S06   24   30-Apr-09   GJ   SURAT
S06   25   30-Apr-09   GJ   NAVSARI
S06   26   30-Apr-09   GJ   VALSAD
S07   1   7-May-09   HR   AMBALA
S07   2   7-May-09   HR   KURUKSHETRA
S07   3   7-May-09   HR   SIRSA
S07   4   7-May-09   HR   HISAR
S07   5   7-May-09   HR   KARNAL
S07   6   7-May-09   HR   SONIPAT
S07   7   7-May-09   HR   ROHTAK
S07   8   7-May-09   HR   BHIWANI-MAHENDRAGARH
S07   9   7-May-09   HR   GURGAON
S07   10   7-May-09   HR   FARIDABAD
S08   2   13-May-09   HP   MANDI
S08   3   13-May-09   HP   HAMIRPUR
S08   4   13-May-09   HP   SHIMLA
S09   2   7-May-09   JK   SRINAGAR
S09   3   30-Apr-09   JK   ANANTNAG
S09   5   23-Apr-09   JK   UDHAMPUR
S09   6   16-Apr-09   JK   JAMMU
S10   1   23-Apr-09   KA   CHIKKODI
S10   2   23-Apr-09   KA   BELGAUM
S10   3   30-Apr-09   KA   BAGALKOT
S10   4   23-Apr-09   KA   BIJAPUR
S10   5   23-Apr-09   KA   GULBARGA
S10   6   23-Apr-09   KA   RAICHUR
S10   7   23-Apr-09   KA   BIDAR
S10   8   23-Apr-09   KA   KOPPAL
S10   9   23-Apr-09   KA   BELLARY
S10   10   30-Apr-09   KA   HAVERI
S10   11   30-Apr-09   KA   DHARWAD
S10   12   23-Apr-09   KA   UTTARA KANNADA
S10   13   30-Apr-09   KA   DAVANAGERE
S10   14   30-Apr-09   KA   SHIMOGA
S10   15   30-Apr-09   KA   UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR
S10   16   30-Apr-09   KA   HASSAN
S10   17   30-Apr-09   KA   DAKSHINA KANNADA
S10   18   23-Apr-09   KA   CHITRADURGA
S10   19   23-Apr-09   KA   TUMKUR
S10   20   30-Apr-09   KA   MANDYA
S10   21   30-Apr-09   KA   MYSORE
S10   22   30-Apr-09   KA   CHAMARAJANAGAR
S10   23   23-Apr-09   KA   BANGALORE RURAL
S10   24   23-Apr-09   KA   BANGALORE NORTH
S10   25   23-Apr-09   KA   BANGALORE CENTRAL
S10   26   23-Apr-09   KA   BANGALORE SOUTH
S10   27   23-Apr-09   KA   CHIKKBALLAPUR
S10   28   23-Apr-09   KA   KOLAR
S11   1   16-Apr-09   KL   KASARAGOD
S11   2   16-Apr-09   KL   KANNUR
S11   3   16-Apr-09   KL   VADAKARA
S11   4   16-Apr-09   KL   WAYANAD
S11   5   16-Apr-09   KL   KOZHIKODE
S11   6   16-Apr-09   KL   MALAPPURAM
S11   7   16-Apr-09   KL   PONNANI
S11   8   16-Apr-09   KL   PALAKKAD
S11   9   16-Apr-09   KL   ALATHUR
S11   10   16-Apr-09   KL   THRISSUR
S11   11   16-Apr-09   KL   CHALAKUDY
S11   12   16-Apr-09   KL   ERNAKULAM
S11   13   16-Apr-09   KL   IDUKKI
S11   14   16-Apr-09   KL   KOTTAYAM
S11   15   16-Apr-09   KL   ALAPPUZHA
S11   16   16-Apr-09   KL   MAVELIKKARA
S11   17   16-Apr-09   KL   PATHANAMTHITTA
S11   18   16-Apr-09   KL   KOLLAM
S11   19   16-Apr-09   KL   ATTINGAL
S11   20   16-Apr-09   KL   THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
S12   1   30-Apr-09   MP   MORENA
S12   2   30-Apr-09   MP   BHIND
S12   3   30-Apr-09   MP   GWALIOR
S12   4   30-Apr-09   MP   GUNA
S12   5   30-Apr-09   MP   SAGAR
S12   6   30-Apr-09   MP   TIKAMGARH
S12   7   30-Apr-09   MP   DAMOH
S12   8   23-Apr-09   MP   KHAJURAHO
S12   9   23-Apr-09   MP   SATNA
S12   10   23-Apr-09   MP   REWA
S12   11   23-Apr-09   MP   SIDHI
S12   12   23-Apr-09   MP   SHAHDOL
S12   13   23-Apr-09   MP   JABALPUR
S12   14   23-Apr-09   MP   MANDLA
S12   15   23-Apr-09   MP   BALAGHAT
S12   16   23-Apr-09   MP   CHHINDWARA
S12   17   23-Apr-09   MP   HOSHANGABAD
S12   18   23-Apr-09   MP   VIDISHA
S12   19   23-Apr-09   MP   BHOPAL
S12   20   30-Apr-09   MP   RAJGARH
S12   21   30-Apr-09   MP   DEWAS
S12   22   30-Apr-09   MP   UJJAIN
S12   23   30-Apr-09   MP   MANDSOUR
S12   24   30-Apr-09   MP   RATLAM
S12   25   30-Apr-09   MP   DHAR
S12   26   30-Apr-09   MP   INDORE
S12   27   30-Apr-09   MP   KHARGONE
S12   28   30-Apr-09   MP   KHANDWA
S12   29   23-Apr-09   MP   BETUL
S13   1   23-Apr-09   MH   NANDURBAR
S13   2   23-Apr-09   MH   DHULE
S13   3   23-Apr-09   MH   JALGAON
S13   4   23-Apr-09   MH   RAVER
S13   5   16-Apr-09   MH   BULDHANA
S13   6   16-Apr-09   MH   AKOLA
S13   7   16-Apr-09   MH   AMRAVATI
S13   8   16-Apr-09   MH   WARDHA
S13   9   16-Apr-09   MH   RAMTEK
S13   10   16-Apr-09   MH   NAGPUR
S13   11   16-Apr-09   MH   BHANDARA – GONDIYA
S13   12   16-Apr-09   MH   GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR
S13   13   16-Apr-09   MH   CHANDRAPUR
S13   14   16-Apr-09   MH   YAVATMAL-WASHIM
S13   15   16-Apr-09   MH   HINGOLI
S13   16   16-Apr-09   MH   NANDED
S13   17   16-Apr-09   MH   PARBHANI
S13   18   23-Apr-09   MH   JALNA
S13   19   23-Apr-09   MH   AURANGABAD
S13   20   23-Apr-09   MH   DINDORI
S13   21   23-Apr-09   MH   NASHIK
S13   22   30-Apr-09   MH   PALGHAR
S13   23   30-Apr-09   MH   BHIWANDI
S13   24   30-Apr-09   MH   KALYAN
S13   25   30-Apr-09   MH   THANE
S13   26   30-Apr-09   MH   MUMBAI NORTH
S13   27   30-Apr-09   MH   MUMBAI NORTH WEST
S13   28   30-Apr-09   MH   MUMBAI NORTH EAST
S13   29   30-Apr-09   MH   MUMBAI NORTH CENTRAL
S13   30   30-Apr-09   MH   MUMBAI SOUTH CENTRAL
S13   31   30-Apr-09   MH   MUMBAI SOUTH
S13   32   23-Apr-09   MH   RAIGAD
S13   33   23-Apr-09   MH   MAVAL
S13   34   23-Apr-09   MH   PUNE
S13   35   23-Apr-09   MH   BARAMATI
S13   36   23-Apr-09   MH   SHIRUR
S13   37   23-Apr-09   MH   AHMADNAGAR
S13   38   23-Apr-09   MH   SHIRDI
S13   39   23-Apr-09   MH   BEED
S13   40   23-Apr-09   MH   OSMANABAD
S13   41   23-Apr-09   MH   LATUR
S13   42   23-Apr-09   MH   SOLAPUR
S13   43   23-Apr-09   MH   MADHA
S13   44   23-Apr-09   MH   SANGLI
S13   45   23-Apr-09   MH   SATARA
S13   46   23-Apr-09   MH   RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG
S13   47   23-Apr-09   MH   KOLHAPUR
S13   48   23-Apr-09   MH   HATKANANGLE
S14   1   22-Apr-09   MN   INNER MANIPUR
S14   2   16-Apr-09   MN   OUTER MANIPUR
S15   1   16-Apr-09   ML   SHILLONG
S15   2   16-Apr-09   ML   TURA
S16   1   16-Apr-09   MZ   MIZORAM
S17   1   16-Apr-09   NL   NAGALAND
S18   1   16-Apr-09   OR   BARGARH
S18   2   16-Apr-09   OR   SUNDARGARH
S18   3   16-Apr-09   OR   SAMBALPUR
S18   4   23-Apr-09   OR   KEONJHAR
S18   5   23-Apr-09   OR   MAYURBHANJ
S18   6   23-Apr-09   OR   BALASORE
S18   7   23-Apr-09   OR   BHADRAK
S18   8   23-Apr-09   OR   JAJPUR
S18   9   23-Apr-09   OR   DHENKANAL
S18   10   16-Apr-09   OR   BOLANGIR
S18   11   16-Apr-09   OR   KALAHANDI
S18   12   16-Apr-09   OR   NABARANGPUR
S18   13   16-Apr-09   OR   KANDHAMAL
S18   14   23-Apr-09   OR   CUTTACK
S18   15   23-Apr-09   OR   KENDRAPARA
S18   16   23-Apr-09   OR   JAGATSINGHPUR
S18   17   23-Apr-09   OR   PURI
S18   18   23-Apr-09   OR   BHUBANESWAR
S18   19   16-Apr-09   OR   ASKA
S18   20   16-Apr-09   OR   BERHAMPUR
S18   21   16-Apr-09   OR   KORAPUT
S19   1   13-May-09   PB   GURDASPUR
S19   2   13-May-09   PB   AMRITSAR
S19   4   13-May-09   PB   JALANDHAR
S19   5   13-May-09   PB   HOSHIARPUR
S19   6   13-May-09   PB   ANANDPUR SAHIB
S19   7   13-May-09   PB   LUDHIANA
S19   8   13-May-09   PB   FATEHGARH SAHIB
S19   9   13-May-09   PB   FARIDKOT
S19   10   7-May-09   PB   FEROZPUR
S19   11   7-May-09   PB   BATHINDA
S19   12   7-May-09   PB   SANGRUR
S19   13   7-May-09   PB   PATIALA
S20   1   7-May-09   RJ   GANGANAGAR
S20   2   7-May-09   RJ   BIKANER
S20   3   7-May-09   RJ   CHURU
S20   4   7-May-09   RJ   JHUNJHUNU
S20   5   7-May-09   RJ   SIKAR
S20   6   7-May-09   RJ   JAIPUR RURAL
S20   7   7-May-09   RJ   JAIPUR
S20   8   7-May-09   RJ   ALWAR
S20   9   7-May-09   RJ   BHARATPUR
S20   10   7-May-09   RJ   KARAULI-DHOLPUR
S20   11   7-May-09   RJ   DAUSA
S20   12   7-May-09   RJ   TONK-SAWAI MADHOPUR
S20   13   7-May-09   RJ   AJMER
S20   14   7-May-09   RJ   NAGAUR
S20   15   7-May-09   RJ   PALI
S20   16   7-May-09   RJ   JODHPUR
S20   17   7-May-09   RJ   BARMER
S20   18   7-May-09   RJ   JALORE
S20   19   7-May-09   RJ   UDAIPUR
S20   20   7-May-09   RJ   BANSWARA
S20   21   7-May-09   RJ   CHITTORGARH
S20   22   7-May-09   RJ   RAJSAMAND
S20   23   7-May-09   RJ   BHILWARA
S20   24   7-May-09   RJ   KOTA
S20   25   7-May-09   RJ   JHALAWAR-BARAN
S21   1   30-Apr-09   SK   SIKKIM
S23   1   23-Apr-09   TR   TRIPURA WEST
S23   2   23-Apr-09   TR   TRIPURA EAST
S24   2   7-May-09   UP   KAIRANA
S24   3   7-May-09   UP   MUZAFFARNAGAR
S24   10   7-May-09   UP   MEERUT
S24   11   7-May-09   UP   BAGHPAT
S24   13   7-May-09   UP   GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR
S24   14   7-May-09   UP   BULANDSHAHR
S24   15   7-May-09   UP   ALIGARH
S24   17   7-May-09   UP   MATHURA
S24   18   7-May-09   UP   AGRA
S24   19   7-May-09   UP   FATEHPUR SIKRI
S24   21   7-May-09   UP   MAINPURI
S24   22   7-May-09   UP   ETAH
S24   30   30-Apr-09   UP   SITAPUR
S24   31   30-Apr-09   UP   HARDOI
S24   32   30-Apr-09   UP   MISRIKH
S24   33   30-Apr-09   UP   UNNAO
S24   34   30-Apr-09   UP   MOHANLALGANJ
S24   35   30-Apr-09   UP   LUCKNOW
S24   36   30-Apr-09   UP   RAE BARELI
S24   37   23-Apr-09   UP   AMETHI
S24   38   23-Apr-09   UP   SULTANPUR
S24   39   23-Apr-09   UP   PRATAPGARH
S24   40   7-May-09   UP   FARRUKHABAD
S24   41   7-May-09   UP   ETAWAH
S24   42   7-May-09   UP   KANNAUJ
S24   43   30-Apr-09   UP   KANPUR
S24   44   30-Apr-09   UP   AKBARPUR
S24   45   30-Apr-09   UP   JALAUN
S24   46   30-Apr-09   UP   JHANSI
S24   47   30-Apr-09   UP   HAMIRPUR
S24   48   23-Apr-09   UP   BANDA
S24   49   30-Apr-09   UP   FATEHPUR
S24   50   23-Apr-09   UP   KAUSHAMBI
S24   51   23-Apr-09   UP   PHULPUR
S24   52   23-Apr-09   UP   ALLAHABAD
S24   53   30-Apr-09   UP   BARABANKI
S24   54   23-Apr-09   UP   FAIZABAD
S24   55   23-Apr-09   UP   AMBEDKAR NAGAR
S24   56   30-Apr-09   UP   BAHRAICH
S24   57   23-Apr-09   UP   KAISERGANJ
S24   58   23-Apr-09   UP   SHRAWASTI
S24   59   23-Apr-09   UP   GONDA
S24   60   23-Apr-09   UP   DOMARIYAGANJ
S24   61   23-Apr-09   UP   BASTI
S24   62   23-Apr-09   UP   SANT KABIR NAGAR
S24   63   16-Apr-09   UP   MAHARAJGANJ
S24   64   16-Apr-09   UP   GORAKHPUR
S24   65   16-Apr-09   UP   KUSHI NAGAR
S24   66   16-Apr-09   UP   DEORIA
S24   67   16-Apr-09   UP   BANSGAON
S24   68   16-Apr-09   UP   LALGANJ
S24   69   16-Apr-09   UP   AZAMGARH
S24   70   16-Apr-09   UP   GHOSI
S24   71   16-Apr-09   UP   SALEMPUR
S24   72   16-Apr-09   UP   BALLIA
S24   73   23-Apr-09   UP   JAUNPUR
S24   74   16-Apr-09   UP   MACHHLISHAHR
S24   75   16-Apr-09   UP   GHAZIPUR
S24   76   16-Apr-09   UP   CHANDAULI
S24   77   16-Apr-09   UP   VARANASI
S24   78   23-Apr-09   UP   BHADOHI
S24   79   16-Apr-09   UP   MIRZAPUR
S24   80   16-Apr-09   UP   ROBERTSGANJ
S25   1   30-Apr-09   WB   COOCH BEHAR
S25   2   30-Apr-09   WB   ALIPURDUARS
S25   3   30-Apr-09   WB   JALPAIGURI
S25   4   30-Apr-09   WB   DARJEELING
S25   5   30-Apr-09   WB   RAIGANJ
S25   6   30-Apr-09   WB   BALURGHAT
S25   7   30-Apr-09   WB   MALDAHA UTTAR
S25   8   30-Apr-09   WB   MALDAHA DAKSHIN
S25   9   7-May-09   WB   JANGIPUR
S25   10   7-May-09   WB   BAHARAMPUR
S25   11   7-May-09   WB   MURSHIDABAD
S25   12   7-May-09   WB   KRISHNANAGAR
S25   13   7-May-09   WB   RANAGHAT
S25   14   13-May-09   WB   BANGAON
S25   15   13-May-09   WB   BARRACKPORE
S25   16   13-May-09   WB   DUM DUM
S25   17   13-May-09   WB   BARASAT
S25   18   13-May-09   WB   BASIRHAT
S25   19   13-May-09   WB   JOYNAGAR
S25   20   13-May-09   WB   MATHURAPUR
S25   22   13-May-09   WB   JADAVPUR
S25   24   13-May-09   WB   KOLKATA UTTAR
S25   25   7-May-09   WB   HOWRAH
S25   26   7-May-09   WB   ULUBERIA
S25   27   7-May-09   WB   SRERAMPUR
S25   28   7-May-09   WB   HOOGHLY
S25   29   7-May-09   WB   ARAMBAGH
S25   30   7-May-09   WB   TAMLUK
S25   31   7-May-09   WB   KANTHI
S25   32   30-Apr-09   WB   GHATAL
S25   33   30-Apr-09   WB   JHARGRAM
S25   34   30-Apr-09   WB   MEDINIPUR
S25   35   30-Apr-09   WB   PURULIA
S25   36   30-Apr-09   WB   BANKURA
S25   37   30-Apr-09   WB   BISHNUPUR
S25   38   7-May-09   WB   BARDHAMAN PURBA
S25   39   7-May-09   WB   BURDWAN – DURGAPUR
S25   40   7-May-09   WB   ASANSOL
S25   41   7-May-09   WB   BOLPUR
S25   42   7-May-09   WB   BIRBHUM
S26   1   16-Apr-09   CG   SARGUJA
S26   2   16-Apr-09   CG   RAIGARH
S26   3   16-Apr-09   CG   JANJGIR-CHAMPA
S26   4   16-Apr-09   CG   KORBA
S26   5   16-Apr-09   CG   BILASPUR
S26   6   16-Apr-09   CG   RAJNANDGAON
S26   7   16-Apr-09   CG   DURG
S26   8   16-Apr-09   CG   RAIPUR
S26   9   16-Apr-09   CG   MAHASAMUND
S26   10   16-Apr-09   CG   BASTAR
S26   11   16-Apr-09   CG   KANKER
S27   1   23-Apr-09   JH   RAJMAHAL
S27   2   23-Apr-09   JH   DUMKA
S27   3   23-Apr-09   JH   GODDA
S27   4   16-Apr-09   JH   CHATRA
S27   5   16-Apr-09   JH   KODARMA
S27   6   23-Apr-09   JH   GIRIDIH
S27   7   23-Apr-09   JH   DHANBAD
S27   8   23-Apr-09   JH   RANCHI
S27   9   23-Apr-09   JH   JAMSHEDPUR
S27   10   23-Apr-09   JH   SINGHBHUM
S27   11   16-Apr-09   JH   KHUNTI
S27   12   16-Apr-09   JH   LOHARDAGA
S27   13   16-Apr-09   JH   PALAMAU
S27   14   16-Apr-09   JH   HAZARIBAGH
S28   4   13-May-09   UK   NAINITAL-UDHAMSINGH NAGAR
U01   1   16-Apr-09   AN   ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
U03   1   30-Apr-09   DN   DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI
U04   1   30-Apr-09   DD   DAMAN & DIU
U06   1   16-Apr-09   LD   LAKSHADWEEP
U07   1   13-May-09   PY   PUDUCHERRY

Posted in 15th Lok Sabha, Democracy, India's constitutional politics, India's Lok Sabha, India's Parliament, India's Polity, Voting. Leave a Comment »

Memo to the Election Commission of India April 14 2009, 9 AM

April 14, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

The Hon’ble Election Commission, Government of India
Dear Sirs,
I am glad to see the information your website has been providing to India’s public has improved slightly. But it remains woefully inadequate as a whole. Here is a list of the 382 constituencies for which you have, as of 0800 this morning, declared candidates. It is a list that merely required you to use Excel worksheets in an efficient manner. May we have a firm date by which all candidates for all 543 constituencies shall have been announced?

There are innumerable improvements to the working of our democracy that are possible to be discussed. For example, I see no logical reason why candidates for the 16th Lok Sabha may not seek to register themselves the day after the results of the 15th Lok Sabha come to be declared.

Once your staff have checked the processed data below against the raw data you provide, you are welcome to use my tables, preferably with acknowledgment. For convenience, a full list of all 543 constituencies follows the list of 382 constituencies you have announced as of this morning.

Sincerely

Subroto Roy

Constituency No       Poll Date   State/UT   Constituency Name
S01   1   16-Apr-09   AP   ADILABAD
S01   2   16-Apr-09   AP   PEDDAPALLE
S01   3   16-Apr-09   AP   KARIMNAGAR
S01   4   16-Apr-09   AP   NIZAMABAD
S01   5   16-Apr-09   AP   ZAHIRABAD
S01   6   16-Apr-09   AP   MEDAK
S01   7   16-Apr-09   AP   MALKAJGIRI
S01   8   16-Apr-09   AP   SECUNDRABAD
S01   9   16-Apr-09   AP   HYDERABAD
S01   10   16-Apr-09   AP   CHELVELLA
S01   11   16-Apr-09   AP   MAHBUBNAGAR
S01   12   16-Apr-09   AP   NAGARKURNOOL
S01   13   16-Apr-09   AP   NALGONDA
S01   14   16-Apr-09   AP   BHONGIR
S01   15   16-Apr-09   AP   WARANGAL
S01   16   16-Apr-09   AP   MAHABUBABAD
S01   17   16-Apr-09   AP   KHAMMAM
S01   18   16-Apr-09   AP   ARUKU
S01   19   16-Apr-09   AP   SRIKAKULAM
S01   20   16-Apr-09   AP   VIZIANAGARAM
S01   21   16-Apr-09   AP   VISAKHAPATNAM
S01   22   16-Apr-09   AP   ANAKAPALLI
S01   23   23-Apr-09   AP   KAKINADA
S01   24   23-Apr-09   AP   AMALAPURAM
S01   25   23-Apr-09   AP   RAJAHMUNDRY
S01   26   23-Apr-09   AP   NARSAPURAM
S01   27   23-Apr-09   AP   ELURU
S01   28   23-Apr-09   AP   MACHILIPATNAM
S01   29   23-Apr-09   AP   VIJAYAWADA
S01   30   23-Apr-09   AP   GUNTUR
S01   31   23-Apr-09   AP   NARASARAOPET
S01   32   23-Apr-09   AP   BAPATLA
S01   33   23-Apr-09   AP   ONGOLE
S01   34   23-Apr-09   AP   NANDYAL
S01   35   23-Apr-09   AP   KURNOOL
S01   36   23-Apr-09   AP   ANANTAPUR
S01   37   23-Apr-09   AP   HINDUPUR
S01   38   23-Apr-09   AP   KADAPA
S01   39   23-Apr-09   AP   NELLORE
S01   40   23-Apr-09   AP   TIRUPATI
S01   41   23-Apr-09   AP   RAJAMPET
S01   42   23-Apr-09   AP   CHITTOOR
S02   1   16-Apr-09   AR   ARUNACHAL WEST
S02   2   16-Apr-09   AR   ARUNACHAL EAST
S03   1   16-Apr-09   AS   KARIMGANJ
S03   2   16-Apr-09   AS   SILCHAR
S03   3   16-Apr-09   AS   AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT
S03   4   23-Apr-09   AS   DHUBRI
S03   5   23-Apr-09   AS   KOKRAJHAR
S03   6   23-Apr-09   AS   BARPETA
S03   7   23-Apr-09   AS   GAUHATI
S03   8   23-Apr-09   AS   MANGALDOI
S03   9   23-Apr-09   AS   TEZPUR
S03   10   23-Apr-09   AS   NOWGONG
S03   11   23-Apr-09   AS   KALIABOR
S03   12   23-Apr-09   AS   JORHAT
S03   13   23-Apr-09   AS   DIBRUGARH
S03   14   23-Apr-09   AS   LAKHIMPUR
S04   1   23-Apr-09   BR   VALMIKI NAGAR
S04   2   23-Apr-09   BR   PASCHIM CHAMPARAN
S04   3   23-Apr-09   BR   PURVI CHAMPARAN
S04   4   23-Apr-09   BR   SHEOHAR
S04   5   23-Apr-09   BR   SITAMARHI
S04   6   23-Apr-09   BR   MADHUBANI
S04   7   23-Apr-09   BR   JHANJHARPUR
S04   11   30-Apr-09   BR   KATIHAR
S04   12   30-Apr-09   BR   PURNIA
S04   13   30-Apr-09   BR   MADHEPURA
S04   14   23-Apr-09   BR   DARBHANGA
S04   15   23-Apr-09   BR   MUZAFFARPUR
S04   16   23-Apr-09   BR   VAISHALI
S04   17   16-Apr-09   BR   GOPALGANJ
S04   18   16-Apr-09   BR   SIWAN
S04   19   16-Apr-09   BR   MAHARAJGANJ
S04   20   16-Apr-09   BR   SARAN
S04   21   23-Apr-09   BR   HAJIPUR
S04   22   23-Apr-09   BR   UJIARPUR
S04   23   23-Apr-09   BR   SAMASTIPUR
S04   25   30-Apr-09   BR   KHAGARIA
S04   27   30-Apr-09   BR   BANKA
S04   28   30-Apr-09   BR   MUNGER
S04   32   16-Apr-09   BR   ARRAH
S04   33   16-Apr-09   BR   BUXAR
S04   34   16-Apr-09   BR   SASARAM
S04   35   16-Apr-09   BR   KARAKAT
S04   36   16-Apr-09   BR   JAHANABAD
S04   37   16-Apr-09   BR   AURANGABAD
S04   38   16-Apr-09   BR   GAYA
S04   39   16-Apr-09   BR   NAWADA
S04   40   16-Apr-09   BR   JAMUI
S05   1   23-Apr-09   GA   NORTH GOA
S05   2   23-Apr-09   GA   SOUTH GOA
S06   1   30-Apr-09   GJ   KACHCHH
S06   2   30-Apr-09   GJ   BANASKANTHA
S06   3   30-Apr-09   GJ   PATAN
S06   4   30-Apr-09   GJ   MAHESANA
S06   5   30-Apr-09   GJ   SABARKANTHA
S06   6   30-Apr-09   GJ   GANDHINAGAR
S06   7   30-Apr-09   GJ   AHMEDABAD EAST
S06   8   30-Apr-09   GJ   AHMEDABAD WEST
S06   9   30-Apr-09   GJ   SURENDRANAGAR
S06   10   30-Apr-09   GJ   RAJKOT
S06   11   30-Apr-09   GJ   PORBANDAR
S06   12   30-Apr-09   GJ   JAMNAGAR
S06   13   30-Apr-09   GJ   JUNAGADH
S06   14   30-Apr-09   GJ   AMRELI
S06   15   30-Apr-09   GJ   BHAVNAGAR
S06   16   30-Apr-09   GJ   ANAND
S06   17   30-Apr-09   GJ   KHEDA
S06   18   30-Apr-09   GJ   PANCHMAHAL
S06   19   30-Apr-09   GJ   DAHOD
S06   20   30-Apr-09   GJ   VADODARA
S06   21   30-Apr-09   GJ   CHHOTA UDAIPUR
S06   22   30-Apr-09   GJ   BHARUCH
S06   23   30-Apr-09   GJ   BARDOLI
S06   24   30-Apr-09   GJ   SURAT
S06   25   30-Apr-09   GJ   NAVSARI
S06   26   30-Apr-09   GJ   VALSAD
S07   2   7-May-09   HR   KURUKSHETRA
S07   6   7-May-09   HR   SONIPAT
S07   9   7-May-09   HR   GURGAON
S07   10   7-May-09   HR   FARIDABAD
S09   5   23-Apr-09   JK   UDHAMPUR
S09   6   16-Apr-09   JK   JAMMU
S10   1   23-Apr-09   KA   CHIKKODI
S10   2   23-Apr-09   KA   BELGAUM
S10   3   30-Apr-09   KA   BAGALKOT
S10   4   23-Apr-09   KA   BIJAPUR
S10   5   23-Apr-09   KA   GULBARGA
S10   6   23-Apr-09   KA   RAICHUR
S10   7   23-Apr-09   KA   BIDAR
S10   8   23-Apr-09   KA   KOPPAL
S10   9   23-Apr-09   KA   BELLARY
S10   10   30-Apr-09   KA   HAVERI
S10   11   30-Apr-09   KA   DHARWAD
S10   12   23-Apr-09   KA   UTTARA KANNADA
S10   13   30-Apr-09   KA   DAVANAGERE
S10   14   30-Apr-09   KA   SHIMOGA
S10   15   30-Apr-09   KA   UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR
S10   16   30-Apr-09   KA   HASSAN
S10   18   23-Apr-09   KA   CHITRADURGA
S10   19   23-Apr-09   KA   TUMKUR
S10   20   30-Apr-09   KA   MANDYA
S10   21   30-Apr-09   KA   MYSORE
S10   22   30-Apr-09   KA   CHAMARAJANAGAR
S10   23   23-Apr-09   KA   BANGALORE RURAL
S10   24   23-Apr-09   KA   BANGALORE NORTH
S10   25   23-Apr-09   KA   BANGALORE CENTRAL
S10   26   23-Apr-09   KA   BANGALORE SOUTH
S10   27   23-Apr-09   KA   CHIKKBALLAPUR
S10   28   23-Apr-09   KA   KOLAR
S11   1   16-Apr-09   KL   KASARAGOD
S11   2   16-Apr-09   KL   KANNUR
S11   3   16-Apr-09   KL   VADAKARA
S11   4   16-Apr-09   KL   WAYANAD
S11   5   16-Apr-09   KL   KOZHIKODE
S11   6   16-Apr-09   KL   MALAPPURAM
S11   7   16-Apr-09   KL   PONNANI
S11   8   16-Apr-09   KL   PALAKKAD
S11   9   16-Apr-09   KL   ALATHUR
S11   10   16-Apr-09   KL   THRISSUR
S11   11   16-Apr-09   KL   CHALAKUDY
S11   12   16-Apr-09   KL   ERNAKULAM
S11   13   16-Apr-09   KL   IDUKKI
S11   14   16-Apr-09   KL   KOTTAYAM
S11   15   16-Apr-09   KL   ALAPPUZHA
S11   16   16-Apr-09   KL   MAVELIKKARA
S11   17   16-Apr-09   KL   PATHANAMTHITTA
S11   18   16-Apr-09   KL   KOLLAM
S11   19   16-Apr-09   KL   ATTINGAL
S11   20   16-Apr-09   KL   THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
S12   1   30-Apr-09   MP   MORENA
S12   2   30-Apr-09   MP   BHIND
S12   3   30-Apr-09   MP   GWALIOR
S12   4   30-Apr-09   MP   GUNA
S12   7   30-Apr-09   MP   DAMOH
S12   8   23-Apr-09   MP   KHAJURAHO
S12   9   23-Apr-09   MP   SATNA
S12   10   23-Apr-09   MP   REWA
S12   11   23-Apr-09   MP   SIDHI
S12   12   23-Apr-09   MP   SHAHDOL
S12   13   23-Apr-09   MP   JABALPUR
S12   14   23-Apr-09   MP   MANDLA
S12   15   23-Apr-09   MP   BALAGHAT
S12   16   23-Apr-09   MP   CHHINDWARA
S12   17   23-Apr-09   MP   HOSHANGABAD
S12   18   23-Apr-09   MP   VIDISHA
S12   19   23-Apr-09   MP   BHOPAL
S12   22   30-Apr-09   MP   UJJAIN
S12   23   30-Apr-09   MP   MANDSOUR
S12   25   30-Apr-09   MP   DHAR
S12   27   30-Apr-09   MP   KHARGONE
S12   29   23-Apr-09   MP   BETUL
S13   1   23-Apr-09   MH   NANDURBAR
S13   2   23-Apr-09   MH   DHULE
S13   3   23-Apr-09   MH   JALGAON
S13   4   23-Apr-09   MH   RAVER
S13   5   16-Apr-09   MH   BULDHANA
S13   6   16-Apr-09   MH   AKOLA
S13   7   16-Apr-09   MH   AMRAVATI
S13   8   16-Apr-09   MH   WARDHA
S13   9   16-Apr-09   MH   RAMTEK
S13   10   16-Apr-09   MH   NAGPUR
S13   11   16-Apr-09   MH   BHANDARA – GONDIYA
S13   12   16-Apr-09   MH   GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR
S13   13   16-Apr-09   MH   CHANDRAPUR
S13   14   16-Apr-09   MH   YAVATMAL-WASHIM
S13   15   16-Apr-09   MH   HINGOLI
S13   16   16-Apr-09   MH   NANDED
S13   17   16-Apr-09   MH   PARBHANI
S13   18   23-Apr-09   MH   JALNA
S13   19   23-Apr-09   MH   AURANGABAD
S13   20   23-Apr-09   MH   DINDORI
S13   21   23-Apr-09   MH   NASHIK
S13   22   30-Apr-09   MH   PALGHAR
S13   23   30-Apr-09   MH   BHIWANDI
S13   25   30-Apr-09   MH   THANE
S13   27   30-Apr-09   MH   MUMBAI NORTH WEST
S13   30   30-Apr-09   MH   MUMBAI SOUTH CENTRAL
S13   31   30-Apr-09   MH   MUMBAI SOUTH
S13   32   23-Apr-09   MH   RAIGAD
S13   33   23-Apr-09   MH   MAVAL
S13   34   23-Apr-09   MH   PUNE
S13   35   23-Apr-09   MH   BARAMATI
S13   36   23-Apr-09   MH   SHIRUR
S13   37   23-Apr-09   MH   AHMADNAGAR
S13   38   23-Apr-09   MH   SHIRDI
S13   39   23-Apr-09   MH   BEED
S13   40   23-Apr-09   MH   OSMANABAD
S13   41   23-Apr-09   MH   LATUR
S13   42   23-Apr-09   MH   SOLAPUR
S13   43   23-Apr-09   MH   MADHA
S13   44   23-Apr-09   MH   SANGLI
S13   45   23-Apr-09   MH   SATARA
S13   46   23-Apr-09   MH   RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG
S13   47   23-Apr-09   MH   KOLHAPUR
S13   48   23-Apr-09   MH   HATKANANGLE
S14   1   22-Apr-09   MN   INNER MANIPUR
S14   2   16-Apr-09   MN   OUTER MANIPUR
S15   1   16-Apr-09   ML   SHILLONG
S15   2   16-Apr-09   ML   TURA
S16   1   16-Apr-09   MZ   MIZORAM
S17   1   16-Apr-09   NL   NAGALAND
S18   1   16-Apr-09   OR   BARGARH
S18   2   16-Apr-09   OR   SUNDARGARH
S18   3   16-Apr-09   OR   SAMBALPUR
S18   4   23-Apr-09   OR   KEONJHAR
S18   5   23-Apr-09   OR   MAYURBHANJ
S18   6   23-Apr-09   OR   BALASORE
S18   7   23-Apr-09   OR   BHADRAK
S18   8   23-Apr-09   OR   JAJPUR
S18   9   23-Apr-09   OR   DHENKANAL
S18   10   16-Apr-09   OR   BOLANGIR
S18   11   16-Apr-09   OR   KALAHANDI
S18   12   16-Apr-09   OR   NABARANGPUR
S18   13   16-Apr-09   OR   KANDHAMAL
S18   14   23-Apr-09   OR   CUTTACK
S18   15   23-Apr-09   OR   KENDRAPARA
S18   16   23-Apr-09   OR   JAGATSINGHPUR
S18   17   23-Apr-09   OR   PURI
S18   18   23-Apr-09   OR   BHUBANESWAR
S18   19   16-Apr-09   OR   ASKA
S18   20   16-Apr-09   OR   BERHAMPUR
S18   21   16-Apr-09   OR   KORAPUT
S19   10   7-May-09   PB   FEROZPUR
S19   11   7-May-09   PB   BATHINDA
S19   12   7-May-09   PB   SANGRUR
S20   3   7-May-09   RJ   CHURU
S20   5   7-May-09   RJ   SIKAR
S20   6   7-May-09   RJ   JAIPUR RURAL
S20   7   7-May-09   RJ   JAIPUR
S20   11   7-May-09   RJ   DAUSA
S20   12   7-May-09   RJ   TONK-SAWAI MADHOPUR
S20   15   7-May-09   RJ   PALI
S20   18   7-May-09   RJ   JALORE
S20   21   7-May-09   RJ   CHITTORGARH
S20   23   7-May-09   RJ   BHILWARA
S20   25   7-May-09   RJ   JHALAWAR-BARAN
S23   1   23-Apr-09   TR   TRIPURA WEST
S23   2   23-Apr-09   TR   TRIPURA EAST
S24   2   7-May-09   UP   KAIRANA
S24   3   7-May-09   UP   MUZAFFARNAGAR
S24   15   7-May-09   UP   ALIGARH
S24   17   7-May-09   UP   MATHURA
S24   19   7-May-09   UP   FATEHPUR SIKRI
S24   21   7-May-09   UP   MAINPURI
S24   22   7-May-09   UP   ETAH
S24   30   30-Apr-09   UP   SITAPUR
S24   33   30-Apr-09   UP   UNNAO
S24   34   30-Apr-09   UP   MOHANLALGANJ
S24   35   30-Apr-09   UP   LUCKNOW
S24   37   23-Apr-09   UP   AMETHI
S24   38   23-Apr-09   UP   SULTANPUR
S24   39   23-Apr-09   UP   PRATAPGARH
S24   40   7-May-09   UP   FARRUKHABAD
S24   42   7-May-09   UP   KANNAUJ
S24   43   30-Apr-09   UP   KANPUR
S24   44   30-Apr-09   UP   AKBARPUR
S24   45   30-Apr-09   UP   JALAUN
S24   47   30-Apr-09   UP   HAMIRPUR
S24   48   23-Apr-09   UP   BANDA
S24   49   30-Apr-09   UP   FATEHPUR
S24   50   23-Apr-09   UP   KAUSHAMBI
S24   51   23-Apr-09   UP   PHULPUR
S24   52   23-Apr-09   UP   ALLAHABAD
S24   53   30-Apr-09   UP   BARABANKI
S24   54   23-Apr-09   UP   FAIZABAD
S24   55   23-Apr-09   UP   AMBEDKAR NAGAR
S24   57   23-Apr-09   UP   KAISERGANJ
S24   58   23-Apr-09   UP   SHRAWASTI
S24   59   23-Apr-09   UP   GONDA
S24   60   23-Apr-09   UP   DOMARIYAGANJ
S24   61   23-Apr-09   UP   BASTI
S24   62   23-Apr-09   UP   SANT KABIR NAGAR
S24   63   16-Apr-09   UP   MAHARAJGANJ
S24   64   16-Apr-09   UP   GORAKHPUR
S24   65   16-Apr-09   UP   KUSHI NAGAR
S24   66   16-Apr-09   UP   DEORIA
S24   67   16-Apr-09   UP   BANSGAON
S24   68   16-Apr-09   UP   LALGANJ
S24   69   16-Apr-09   UP   AZAMGARH
S24   70   16-Apr-09   UP   GHOSI
S24   71   16-Apr-09   UP   SALEMPUR
S24   72   16-Apr-09   UP   BALLIA
S24   73   23-Apr-09   UP   JAUNPUR
S24   74   16-Apr-09   UP   MACHHLISHAHR
S24   75   16-Apr-09   UP   GHAZIPUR
S24   76   16-Apr-09   UP   CHANDAULI
S24   77   16-Apr-09   UP   VARANASI
S24   78   23-Apr-09   UP   BHADOHI
S24   79   16-Apr-09   UP   MIRZAPUR
S24   80   16-Apr-09   UP   ROBERTSGANJ
S25   1   30-Apr-09   WB   COOCH BEHAR
S25   2   30-Apr-09   WB   ALIPURDUARS
S25   3   30-Apr-09   WB   JALPAIGURI
S25   4   30-Apr-09   WB   DARJEELING
S25   5   30-Apr-09   WB   RAIGANJ
S25   6   30-Apr-09   WB   BALURGHAT
S25   7   30-Apr-09   WB   MALDAHA UTTAR
S25   8   30-Apr-09   WB   MALDAHA DAKSHIN
S25   9   7-May-09   WB   JANGIPUR
S25   10   7-May-09   WB   BAHARAMPUR
S25   11   7-May-09   WB   MURSHIDABAD
S25   13   7-May-09   WB   RANAGHAT
S25   27   7-May-09   WB   SRERAMPUR
S25   29   7-May-09   WB   ARAMBAGH
S25   32   30-Apr-09   WB   GHATAL
S25   33   30-Apr-09   WB   JHARGRAM
S25   34   30-Apr-09   WB   MEDINIPUR
S25   35   30-Apr-09   WB   PURULIA
S25   36   30-Apr-09   WB   BANKURA
S25   37   30-Apr-09   WB   BISHNUPUR
S25   41   7-May-09   WB   BOLPUR
S26   1   16-Apr-09   CG   SARGUJA
S26   2   16-Apr-09   CG   RAIGARH
S26   3   16-Apr-09   CG   JANJGIR-CHAMPA
S26   4   16-Apr-09   CG   KORBA
S26   5   16-Apr-09   CG   BILASPUR
S26   6   16-Apr-09   CG   RAJNANDGAON
S26   7   16-Apr-09   CG   DURG
S26   8   16-Apr-09   CG   RAIPUR
S26   9   16-Apr-09   CG   MAHASAMUND
S26   10   16-Apr-09   CG   BASTAR
S26   11   16-Apr-09   CG   KANKER
S27   1   23-Apr-09   JH   RAJMAHAL
S27   2   23-Apr-09   JH   DUMKA
S27   3   23-Apr-09   JH   GODDA
S27   4   16-Apr-09   JH   CHATRA
S27   5   16-Apr-09   JH   KODARMA
S27   6   23-Apr-09   JH   GIRIDIH
S27   7   23-Apr-09   JH   DHANBAD
S27   8   23-Apr-09   JH   RANCHI
S27   9   23-Apr-09   JH   JAMSHEDPUR
S27   10   23-Apr-09   JH   SINGHBHUM
S27   11   16-Apr-09   JH   KHUNTI
S27   12   16-Apr-09   JH   LOHARDAGA
S27   13   16-Apr-09   JH   PALAMAU
S27   14   16-Apr-09   JH   HAZARIBAGH
U01   1   16-Apr-09   AN   ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
U03   1   30-Apr-09   DN   DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI
U04   1   30-Apr-09   DD   DAMAN & DIU
U06   1   16-Apr-09   LD   LAKSHADWEEP

Full list of all 543 Constituencies
S01 1 AP ADILABAD
S01 2 AP PEDDAPALLE
S01 3 AP KARIMNAGAR
S01 4 AP NIZAMABAD
S01 5 AP ZAHIRABAD
S01 6 AP MEDAK
S01 7 AP MALKAJGIRI
S01 8 AP SECUNDRABAD
S01 9 AP HYDERABAD
S01 10 AP CHELVELLA
S01 11 AP MAHBUBNAGAR
S01 12 AP NAGARKURNOOL
S01 13 AP NALGONDA
S01 14 AP BHONGIR
S01 15 AP WARANGAL
S01 16 AP MAHABUBABAD
S01 17 AP KHAMMAM
S01 18 AP ARUKU
S01 19 AP SRIKAKULAM
S01 20 AP VIZIANAGARAM
S01 21 AP VISAKHAPATNAM
S01 22 AP ANAKAPALLI
S01 23 AP KAKINADA
S01 24 AP AMALAPURAM
S01 25 AP RAJAHMUNDRY
S01 26 AP NARSAPURAM
S01 27 AP ELURU
S01 28 AP MACHILIPATNAM
S01 29 AP VIJAYAWADA
S01 30 AP GUNTUR
S01 31 AP NARASARAOPET
S01 32 AP BAPATLA
S01 33 AP ONGOLE
S01 34 AP NANDYAL
S01 35 AP KURNOOL
S01 36 AP ANANTAPUR
S01 37 AP HINDUPUR
S01 38 AP KADAPA
S01 39 AP NELLORE
S01 40 AP TIRUPATI
S01 41 AP RAJAMPET
S01 42 AP CHITTOOR
S02 1 AR ARUNACHAL WEST
S02 2 AR ARUNACHAL EAST
S03 1 AS KARIMGANJ
S03 2 AS SILCHAR
S03 3 AS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT
S03 4 AS DHUBRI
S03 5 AS KOKRAJHAR
S03 6 AS BARPETA
S03 7 AS GAUHATI
S03 8 AS MANGALDOI
S03 9 AS TEZPUR
S03 10 AS NOWGONG
S03 11 AS KALIABOR
S03 12 AS JORHAT
S03 13 AS DIBRUGARH
S03 14 AS LAKHIMPUR
S04 1 BR VALMIKI NAGAR
S04 2 BR PASCHIM CHAMPARAN
S04 3 BR PURVI CHAMPARAN
S04 4 BR SHEOHAR
S04 5 BR SITAMARHI
S04 6 BR MADHUBANI
S04 7 BR JHANJHARPUR
S04 8 BR SUPAUL
S04 9 BR ARARIA
S04 10 BR KISHANGANJ
S04 11 BR KATIHAR
S04 12 BR PURNIA
S04 13 BR MADHEPURA
S04 14 BR DARBHANGA
S04 15 BR MUZAFFARPUR
S04 16 BR VAISHALI
S04 17 BR GOPALGANJ
S04 18 BR SIWAN
S04 19 BR MAHARAJGANJ
S04 20 BR SARAN
S04 21 BR HAJIPUR
S04 22 BR UJIARPUR
S04 23 BR SAMASTIPUR
S04 24 BR BEGUSARAI
S04 25 BR KHAGARIA
S04 26 BR BHAGALPUR
S04 27 BR BANKA
S04 28 BR MUNGER
S04 29 BR NALANDA
S04 30 BR PATNA SAHIB
S04 31 BR PATALIPUTRA
S04 32 BR ARRAH
S04 33 BR BUXAR
S04 34 BR SASARAM
S04 35 BR KARAKAT
S04 36 BR JAHANABAD
S04 37 BR AURANGABAD
S04 38 BR GAYA
S04 39 BR NAWADA
S04 40 BR JAMUI
S05 1 GA NORTH GOA
S05 2 GA SOUTH GOA
S06 1 GJ KACHCHH
S06 2 GJ BANASKANTHA
S06 3 GJ PATAN
S06 4 GJ MAHESANA
S06 5 GJ SABARKANTHA
S06 6 GJ GANDHINAGAR
S06 7 GJ AHMEDABAD EAST
S06 8 GJ AHMEDABAD WEST
S06 9 GJ SURENDRANAGAR
S06 10 GJ RAJKOT
S06 11 GJ PORBANDAR
S06 12 GJ JAMNAGAR
S06 13 GJ JUNAGADH
S06 14 GJ AMRELI
S06 15 GJ BHAVNAGAR
S06 16 GJ ANAND
S06 17 GJ KHEDA
S06 18 GJ PANCHMAHAL
S06 19 GJ DAHOD
S06 20 GJ VADODARA
S06 21 GJ CHHOTA UDAIPUR
S06 22 GJ BHARUCH
S06 23 GJ BARDOLI
S06 24 GJ SURAT
S06 25 GJ NAVSARI
S06 26 GJ VALSAD
S07 1 HR AMBALA
S07 2 HR KURUKSHETRA
S07 3 HR SIRSA
S07 4 HR HISAR
S07 5 HR KARNAL
S07 6 HR SONIPAT
S07 7 HR ROHTAK
S07 8 HR BHIWANI-MAHENDRAGARH
S07 9 HR GURGAON
S07 10 HR FARIDABAD
S08 1 HP KANGRA
S08 2 HP MANDI
S08 3 HP HAMIRPUR
S08 4 HP SHIMLA
S09 1 JK BARAMULLA
S09 2 JK SRINAGAR
S09 3 JK ANANTNAG
S09 4 JK LADAKH
S09 5 JK UDHAMPUR
S09 6 JK JAMMU
S10 1 KA CHIKKODI
S10 2 KA BELGAUM
S10 3 KA BAGALKOT
S10 4 KA BIJAPUR
S10 5 KA GULBARGA
S10 6 KA RAICHUR
S10 7 KA BIDAR
S10 8 KA KOPPAL
S10 9 KA BELLARY
S10 10 KA HAVERI
S10 11 KA DHARWAD
S10 12 KA UTTARA KANNADA
S10 13 KA DAVANAGERE
S10 14 KA SHIMOGA
S10 15 KA UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR
S10 16 KA HASSAN
S10 17 KA DAKSHINA KANNADA
S10 18 KA CHITRADURGA
S10 19 KA TUMKUR
S10 20 KA MANDYA
S10 21 KA MYSORE
S10 22 KA CHAMARAJANAGAR
S10 23 KA BANGALORE RURAL
S10 24 KA BANGALORE NORTH
S10 25 KA BANGALORE CENTRAL
S10 26 KA BANGALORE SOUTH
S10 27 KA CHIKKBALLAPUR
S10 28 KA KOLAR
S11 1 KL KASARAGOD
S11 2 KL KANNUR
S11 3 KL VADAKARA
S11 4 KL WAYANAD
S11 5 KL KOZHIKODE
S11 6 KL MALAPPURAM
S11 7 KL PONNANI
S11 8 KL PALAKKAD
S11 9 KL ALATHUR
S11 10 KL THRISSUR
S11 11 KL CHALAKUDY
S11 12 KL ERNAKULAM
S11 13 KL IDUKKI
S11 14 KL KOTTAYAM
S11 15 KL ALAPPUZHA
S11 16 KL MAVELIKKARA
S11 17 KL PATHANAMTHITTA
S11 18 KL KOLLAM
S11 19 KL ATTINGAL
S11 20 KL THIRUVANANTHAPURAM
S12 1 MP MORENA
S12 2 MP BHIND
S12 3 MP GWALIOR
S12 4 MP GUNA
S12 5 MP SAGAR
S12 6 MP TIKAMGARH
S12 7 MP DAMOH
S12 8 MP KHAJURAHO
S12 9 MP SATNA
S12 10 MP REWA
S12 11 MP SIDHI
S12 12 MP SHAHDOL
S12 13 MP JABALPUR
S12 14 MP MANDLA
S12 15 MP BALAGHAT
S12 16 MP CHHINDWARA
S12 17 MP HOSHANGABAD
S12 18 MP VIDISHA
S12 19 MP BHOPAL
S12 20 MP RAJGARH
S12 21 MP DEWAS
S12 22 MP UJJAIN
S12 23 MP MANDSOUR
S12 24 MP RATLAM
S12 25 MP DHAR
S12 26 MP INDORE
S12 27 MP KHARGONE
S12 28 MP KHANDWA
S12 29 MP BETUL
S13 1 MH NANDURBAR
S13 2 MH DHULE
S13 3 MH JALGAON
S13 4 MH RAVER
S13 5 MH BULDHANA
S13 6 MH AKOLA
S13 7 MH AMRAVATI
S13 8 MH WARDHA
S13 9 MH RAMTEK
S13 10 MH NAGPUR
S13 11 MH BHANDARA – GONDIYA
S13 12 MH GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR
S13 13 MH CHANDRAPUR
S13 14 MH YAVATMAL-WASHIM
S13 15 MH HINGOLI
S13 16 MH NANDED
S13 17 MH PARBHANI
S13 18 MH JALNA
S13 19 MH AURANGABAD
S13 20 MH DINDORI
S13 21 MH NASHIK
S13 22 MH PALGHAR
S13 23 MH BHIWANDI
S13 24 MH KALYAN
S13 25 MH THANE
S13 26 MH MUMBAI NORTH
S13 27 MH MUMBAI NORTH WEST
S13 28 MH MUMBAI NORTH EAST
S13 29 MH MUMBAI NORTH CENTRAL
S13 30 MH MUMBAI SOUTH CENTRAL
S13 31 MH MUMBAI SOUTH
S13 32 MH RAIGAD
S13 33 MH MAVAL
S13 34 MH PUNE
S13 35 MH BARAMATI
S13 36 MH SHIRUR
S13 37 MH AHMADNAGAR
S13 38 MH SHIRDI
S13 39 MH BEED
S13 40 MH OSMANABAD
S13 41 MH LATUR
S13 42 MH SOLAPUR
S13 43 MH MADHA
S13 44 MH SANGLI
S13 45 MH SATARA
S13 46 MH RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG
S13 47 MH KOLHAPUR
S13 48 MH HATKANANGLE
S14 1 MN INNER MANIPUR
S14 2 MN OUTER MANIPUR
S15 1 ML SHILLONG
S15 2 ML TURA
S16 1 MZ MIZORAM
S17 1 NL NAGALAND
S18 1 OR BARGARH
S18 2 OR SUNDARGARH
S18 3 OR SAMBALPUR
S18 4 OR KEONJHAR
S18 5 OR MAYURBHANJ
S18 6 OR BALASORE
S18 7 OR BHADRAK
S18 8 OR JAJPUR
S18 9 OR DHENKANAL
S18 10 OR BOLANGIR
S18 11 OR KALAHANDI
S18 12 OR NABARANGPUR
S18 13 OR KANDHAMAL
S18 14 OR CUTTACK
S18 15 OR KENDRAPARA
S18 16 OR JAGATSINGHPUR
S18 17 OR PURI
S18 18 OR BHUBANESWAR
S18 19 OR ASKA
S18 20 OR BERHAMPUR
S18 21 OR KORAPUT
S19 1 PB GURDASPUR
S19 2 PB AMRITSAR
S19 3 PB KHADOOR SAHIB
S19 4 PB JALANDHAR
S19 5 PB HOSHIARPUR
S19 6 PB ANANDPUR SAHIB
S19 7 PB LUDHIANA
S19 8 PB FATEHGARH SAHIB
S19 9 PB FARIDKOT
S19 10 PB FEROZPUR
S19 11 PB BATHINDA
S19 12 PB SANGRUR
S19 13 PB PATIALA
S20 1 RJ GANGANAGAR
S20 2 RJ BIKANER
S20 3 RJ CHURU
S20 4 RJ JHUNJHUNU
S20 5 RJ SIKAR
S20 6 RJ JAIPUR RURAL
S20 7 RJ JAIPUR
S20 8 RJ ALWAR
S20 9 RJ BHARATPUR
S20 10 RJ KARAULI-DHOLPUR
S20 11 RJ DAUSA
S20 12 RJ TONK-SAWAI MADHOPUR
S20 13 RJ AJMER
S20 14 RJ NAGAUR
S20 15 RJ PALI
S20 16 RJ JODHPUR
S20 17 RJ BARMER
S20 18 RJ JALORE
S20 19 RJ UDAIPUR
S20 20 RJ BANSWARA
S20 21 RJ CHITTORGARH
S20 22 RJ RAJSAMAND
S20 23 RJ BHILWARA
S20 24 RJ KOTA
S20 25 RJ JHALAWAR-BARAN
S21 1 SK SIKKIM
S22 1 TN THIRUVALLUR
S22 2 TN CHENNAI NORTH
S22 3 TN CHENNAI SOUTH
S22 4 TN CHENNAI CENTRAL
S22 5 TN SRIPERUMBUDUR
S22 6 TN KANCHEEPURAM
S22 7 TN ARAKKONAM
S22 8 TN VELLORE
S22 9 TN KRISHNAGIRI
S22 10 TN DHARMAPURI
S22 11 TN TIRUVANNAMALAI
S22 12 TN ARANI
S22 13 TN VILUPPURAM
S22 14 TN KALLAKURICHI
S22 15 TN SALEM
S22 16 TN NAMAKKAL
S22 17 TN ERODE
S22 18 TN TIRUPPUR
S22 19 TN NILGIRIS
S22 20 TN COIMBATORE
S22 21 TN POLLACHI
S22 22 TN DINDIGUL
S22 23 TN KARUR
S22 24 TN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI
S22 25 TN PERAMBALUR
S22 26 TN CUDDALORE
S22 27 TN CHIDAMBARAM
S22 28 TN MAYILADUTHURAI
S22 29 TN NAGAPATTINAM
S22 30 TN THANJAVUR
S22 31 TN SIVAGANGA
S22 32 TN MADURAI
S22 33 TN THENI
S22 34 TN VIRUDHUNAGAR
S22 35 TN RAMANATHAPURAM
S22 36 TN THOOTHUKKUDI
S22 37 TN TENKASI
S22 38 TN TIRUNELVELI
S22 39 TN KANNIYAKUMARI
S23 1 TR TRIPURA WEST
S23 2 TR TRIPURA EAST
S24 1 UP SAHARANPUR
S24 2 UP KAIRANA
S24 3 UP MUZAFFARNAGAR
S24 4 UP BIJNOR
S24 5 UP NAGINA
S24 6 UP MORADABAD
S24 7 UP RAMPUR
S24 8 UP SAMBHAL
S24 9 UP AMROHA
S24 10 UP MEERUT
S24 11 UP BAGHPAT
S24 12 UP GHAZIABAD
S24 13 UP GAUTAM BUDDH NAGAR
S24 14 UP BULANDSHAHR
S24 15 UP ALIGARH
S24 16 UP HATHRAS
S24 17 UP MATHURA
S24 18 UP AGRA
S24 19 UP FATEHPUR SIKRI
S24 20 UP FIROZABAD
S24 21 UP MAINPURI
S24 22 UP ETAH
S24 23 UP BADAUN
S24 24 UP AONLA
S24 25 UP BAREILLY
S24 26 UP PILIBHIT
S24 27 UP SHAHJAHANPUR
S24 28 UP KHERI
S24 29 UP DHAURAHRA
S24 30 UP SITAPUR
S24 31 UP HARDOI
S24 32 UP MISRIKH
S24 33 UP UNNAO
S24 34 UP MOHANLALGANJ
S24 35 UP LUCKNOW
S24 36 UP RAE BARELI
S24 37 UP AMETHI
S24 38 UP SULTANPUR
S24 39 UP PRATAPGARH
S24 40 UP FARRUKHABAD
S24 41 UP ETAWAH
S24 42 UP KANNAUJ
S24 43 UP KANPUR
S24 44 UP AKBARPUR
S24 45 UP JALAUN
S24 46 UP JHANSI
S24 47 UP HAMIRPUR
S24 48 UP BANDA
S24 49 UP FATEHPUR
S24 50 UP KAUSHAMBI
S24 51 UP PHULPUR
S24 52 UP ALLAHABAD
S24 53 UP BARABANKI
S24 54 UP FAIZABAD
S24 55 UP AMBEDKAR NAGAR
S24 56 UP BAHRAICH
S24 57 UP KAISERGANJ
S24 58 UP SHRAWASTI
S24 59 UP GONDA
S24 60 UP DOMARIYAGANJ
S24 61 UP BASTI
S24 62 UP SANT KABIR NAGAR
S24 63 UP MAHARAJGANJ
S24 64 UP GORAKHPUR
S24 65 UP KUSHI NAGAR
S24 66 UP DEORIA
S24 67 UP BANSGAON
S24 68 UP LALGANJ
S24 69 UP AZAMGARH
S24 70 UP GHOSI
S24 71 UP SALEMPUR
S24 72 UP BALLIA
S24 73 UP JAUNPUR
S24 74 UP MACHHLISHAHR
S24 75 UP GHAZIPUR
S24 76 UP CHANDAULI
S24 77 UP VARANASI
S24 78 UP BHADOHI
S24 79 UP MIRZAPUR
S24 80 UP ROBERTSGANJ
S25 1 WB COOCH BEHAR
S25 2 WB ALIPURDUARS
S25 3 WB JALPAIGURI
S25 4 WB DARJEELING
S25 5 WB RAIGANJ
S25 6 WB BALURGHAT
S25 7 WB MALDAHA UTTAR
S25 8 WB MALDAHA DAKSHIN
S25 9 WB JANGIPUR
S25 10 WB BAHARAMPUR
S25 11 WB MURSHIDABAD
S25 12 WB KRISHNANAGAR
S25 13 WB RANAGHAT
S25 14 WB BANGAON
S25 15 WB BARRACKPORE
S25 16 WB DUM DUM
S25 17 WB BARASAT
S25 18 WB BASIRHAT
S25 19 WB JOYNAGAR
S25 20 WB MATHURAPUR
S25 21 WB DIAMOND HARBOUR
S25 22 WB JADAVPUR
S25 23 WB KOLKATA DAKSHIN
S25 24 WB KOLKATA UTTAR
S25 25 WB HOWRAH
S25 26 WB ULUBERIA
S25 27 WB SRERAMPUR
S25 28 WB HOOGHLY
S25 29 WB ARAMBAGH
S25 30 WB TAMLUK
S25 31 WB KANTHI
S25 32 WB GHATAL
S25 33 WB JHARGRAM
S25 34 WB MEDINIPUR
S25 35 WB PURULIA
S25 36 WB BANKURA
S25 37 WB BISHNUPUR
S25 38 WB BARDHAMAN PURBA
S25 39 WB BURDWAN – DURGAPUR
S25 40 WB ASANSOL
S25 41 WB BOLPUR
S25 42 WB BIRBHUM
S26 1 CG SARGUJA
S26 2 CG RAIGARH
S26 3 CG JANJGIR-CHAMPA
S26 4 CG KORBA
S26 5 CG BILASPUR
S26 6 CG RAJNANDGAON
S26 7 CG DURG
S26 8 CG RAIPUR
S26 9 CG MAHASAMUND
S26 10 CG BASTAR
S26 11 CG KANKER
S27 1 JH RAJMAHAL
S27 2 JH DUMKA
S27 3 JH GODDA
S27 4 JH CHATRA
S27 5 JH KODARMA
S27 6 JH GIRIDIH
S27 7 JH DHANBAD
S27 8 JH RANCHI
S27 9 JH JAMSHEDPUR
S27 10 JH SINGHBHUM
S27 11 JH KHUNTI
S27 12 JH LOHARDAGA
S27 13 JH PALAMAU
S27 14 JH HAZARIBAGH
S28 1 UK TEHRI GARHWAL
S28 2 UK GARHWAL
S28 3 UK ALMORA
S28 4 UK NAINITAL-UDHAMSINGH NAGAR
S28 5 UK HARDWAR
U01 1 AN ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS
U02 1 CH CHANDIGARH
U03 1 DN DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI
U04 1 DD DAMAN & DIU
U05 1 DL CHANDNI CHOWK
U05 2 DL NORTH EAST DELHI
U05 3 DL EAST DELHI
U05 4 DL NEW DELHI
U05 5 DL NORTH WEST DELHI
U05 6 DL WEST DELHI
U05 7 DL SOUTH DELHI
U06 1 LD LAKSHADWEEP
U07 1 PY PUDUCHERRY

Democracy Database for the Largest Electorate Ever Seen in World History

April 12, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

In four days, on April 16 2009, one thousand seven hundred and seven officially recognized candidates, representing 161 political parties and including 770 Independents, are contesting the polls in 124 constituencies (out of a total of 543 constituencies), across 15 States and two Union Territories in Phase 1 of the General Election to India’s 15th Lok Sabha. Between 16 April and 7 May in Phases 2, 3 and 4, that number of candidates contesting India’s General Elections rises to at least 4,637, average age 46.1, from 261 political parties, including 291 women and 2118 Independents across more than 150 further constituencies. By 13 May, Phase 5 will be over and all 543 constituencies shall have been covered. The size of the registered electorate of potential voters under adult franchise is 383,566,479, the largest in human history.

Did you know that? Of course not. None of our juvenile TV stations and only-slightly-less-juvenile newspapers would have been able to give you such numbers even if they had tried to; they would barely know where to begin. Besides, our Election Commission too has become a sclerotic bureaucracy like everything else to do with India’s governance; its website — now updated and improving slightly every day — provides a lot of irrelevancies along with providing the very least modicum of raw data logically necessary for the conduct of the election.

Ten years ago, just prior to the 13th Lok Sabha Elections, I, as part of my academic research as a “full professor” at an “Institution of National Importance”, created an Excel spreadsheet containing every single Lok Sabha constituency at the time. I later sent it on to the EC for its free use and distribution. (Some of my academic colleagues were surprised and suspicious as one of their principal goals in life was to obtain lucrative government “consulting” contracts wherever possible — doing things for free set a worrisome example despite the slogan of being supposedly “dedicated to the service of the nation”!). Nothing happened because the EC in particular and the Government of India in general did not then and have not now appeared keen to know how to use spreadsheets like Excel properly, despite our claims of India being an information-technology powerhouse!

I have now had to re-create that 1999 spreadsheet again for the 15th Lok Sabha Elections because there has been a major parliamentary exercise of what is called “redistricting” in some countries and “delimitation” here in India. Many constituencies have been merged or have disappeared while new ones have appeared. Plus numerous innovative techniques and formulae have had to be used by me with vital free help from Excel Forum users as well as providers of free add-ins around the world, to whom grateful acknowledgment is made.

The processed data below is based entirely on the raw data available from the EC as of April 11 2009. As the EC updates its raw data, so shall I seek to update this processed data. There are definite errors in the EC data (e.g. one Independent candidate has been listed 3 times, while 19 people have been listed as being99 years old; more significantly there seems to be at least one constituency in which there is only one candidate, etc etc.) Whatever errors exist in the raw data must be carried over to these data here, I am afraid. But I will as I have said update this as the EC updates its raw data. If there are errors in my processing, I do not know of them, so please check and recheck against the EC’s data if you wish to use these data operationally. [Update 1800 hours Sunday April 12: the EC has reduced the number of candidates from 4637 to 4631 which presumably means some obvious slight errors have been corrected; it is still far short of having announced all candidates for all 543 constituencies, so the overall number is destined to rise and drastically quite soon — I hope before the first polls open on Thursday!].

The first two indicators are the EC’s way of identifying a constituency; then there is the name of the State or Union Territory in a two-digit code followed by the name of the constituency in capitals, the date that polling is due to take place, and the list of the candidates and their parties. I have made every effort to see no error has been added by me in addition to any errors that might exist in the EC’s data. But please check and double check yourself, and I cannot take responsibility for the accuracy of the information, especially as it is being done in “real time”.

This is being provided as a free public service for India’s ordinary people, citizens, candidates, students, observers etc. Any broadcast or republication or academic use must acknowledge it appeared first at this site in my work: just link to this post or quote “Democracy Database for the Largest Electorate Ever Seen in World History by Dr Subroto Roy”, and use away.

Why do I think it is important for every candidate in every constituency in India’s 2009 General Elections to have his/her name known and to receive due respect and a small salute in HTML even for a brief moment?

Because that is what democracy in a free republic is supposed to be about. India is not a monarchy or a mansabdari of some sort, no matter what the many corrupt people inhabiting our Government and our capital cities might have made themselves believe.

Our juvenile, sensationalist, irresponsible Delhi-centred media might realize someday that there are thousands of real people all over this country that is India contesting these elections seriously and trying to thus participate in the political process as best they can. The Delhi-centred media remain focused on the few dozen fake celebrities that they flatter, cultivate and pander to. (We must wait to see what depths of journalistic depravity our TV stations reach in covering the so-called IPL in South Africa more seriously than they cover India’s 2009 General Elections! What would MK Gandhi, who, a century ago, was still in South Africa, have said about such a twist of India’s fate?)

Here instead are India’s names and India’s lives and India’s places and India’s peoples and India’s political parties for all of us to see and understand and hence see and understand ourselves better.

Here’s a cheer to all those party-political symbols for or against which India’s hundreds of millions of voters will make their decisions:

A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head,

Aeroplane,

Almirah

Arrow

Axe

Balloon

Banana

Basket

Bat

Batsman

Battery Torch

Bead Necklace

Bell

Bicycle

Black Board

Boat

Book

Bow & Arrow

Boy & Girl

Bread

Brick

Bridge

Brief Case

Brush

Bungalow

Bus

Cake

Camera

Candles

Car

Carrot

Cart

Ceiling Fan

Chair

Clock

Coat

Cock

Coconut

Comb

Conch

Cot

Cup & Saucer

Diesel Pump

Dolli

Drum

Ears of Corn And Sickle

Electric Pole

Elephant

Flag with Three Stars

Flowers and Grass

Fork

Frock

Frying Pan

Gas Cylinder

Gas Stove

Glass Tumbler

Haldhar Within Wheel (Chakra Haldhar)

Hammer, Sickle and Star

Hand

Hand Pump

Harmonium

Hat

Hurricane Lamp

Hut

Ice Cream

Ink Pot & Pen

Iron

Jug

Kettle

Kite

Ladder

Lady Purse

Letter Box

Lion

Lock and Key

Lotus

Maize

Nagara

Not Alloted

Pressure Cooker

Railway Engine

Ring

Rising Sun

Road Roller

Saw

Scissors

Sewing Machine

Shuttle

Slate

Spade & Stoker

Spoon

Stool

Table

Table Lamp

Television

Tent

Two Daos Intersecting

Two Leaves

Violin

Walking Stick

Whistle….

Here’s a cheer then to all the thousands of candidates, average age 46.1, including those Independents, and the hundreds of political parties who go to the contest beginning April 16:

Aadivasi Sena Party

A-Chik National Congress(Democratic)

Adarsh Lok Dal

Advait Ishwasyam Congress

Ajeya Bharat Party

AJSU Party

Akhand Bharti

Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena

Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)

Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party

Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

Akhil Bhartiya Manavata Paksha

Akhil Bhartiya Sindhu Samajwadi Party

Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

All India Forward Bloc

All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen

All India Minorities Front

All India Trinamool Congress

All Jharkhand Students Union

Alpjan Samaj Party

Ambedkar National Congress

Ambedkar Samaj Party

Ambedkarist Republican Party

Amra Bangalee

Apna Dal

Arunachal Congress

Asom Gana Parishad

Assam United Democratic Front

Autonomous State Demand Committee

Awami Party

B. C. United Front

Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K

Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch

Bahujan Samaj Party

Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)

Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)

Bahujan Shakty

Bahujan Uday Manch

Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

Bharat Punarnirman Dal

Bharat Vikas Morcha

Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

Bharatiya Bahujan Party

Bharatiya Eklavya Party

Bharatiya Grameen Dal

Bharatiya Jagaran Party

Bharatiya Jan Berojgar Chhatra Dal

Bharatiya Jan Shakti

Bharatiya Janata Party

Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

Bharatiya Lok Kalyan Dal

Bharatiya Loktantrik Party(Gandhi-Lohiawadi)

Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh

Bharatiya Momin Front

Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal

Bharatiya Peoples Party

Bharatiya Pichhra Dal

Bharatiya Praja Paksha

Bharatiya Rashtriya Bahujan Samaj Vikas Party

Bharatiya Republican Paksha

Bharatiya Sadbhawna Samaj Party

Bharatiya Samaj Dal

Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party

Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party

Bharatiya Subhash Sena

Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

Biju Janata Dal

Bira Oriya Party

Bodaland Peoples Front

Buddhiviveki Vikas Party

Chandigarh Vikas Party

Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party

Communist Party of India

Communist Party of India (Marxist)

Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

Democratic Party of India

Democratic Secular Party

Dharam Nirpeksh Dal

Duggar Pradesh Party

Eklavya Samaj Party

Gondvana Gantantra Party

Gondwana Mukti Sena

Great India Party

Hill State People’s Democratic Party

Hindustan Janta Party

Indian Christian Secular Party

Indian Justice Party

Indian National Congress

Indian Peace Party

Indian Peoples Forward Block

Indian Union Muslim League

Jaganmay Nari Sangathan

Jago Party

Jai Bharat Samanta Party

Jai Chhattisgarh Party

Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party

Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party

Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party

Jan Samanta Party

Jan Surajya Shakti

Jana Hitkari Party

Janata Dal (Secular)

Janata Dal (United)

Janata Party

Janvadi Party(Socialist)

Jawan Kisan Morcha

Jharkhand Disom Party

Jharkhand Jan Morcha

Jharkhand Janadikhar Manch

Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

Jharkhand Party

Jharkhand Party (Naren)

Jharkhand PeopleÂ’S Party

Jharkhand Vikas Dal

Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

Kalinga Sena

Kamtapur Progressive Party

Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha

Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha

Karnataka Thamizhar Munnetra Kazhagam

Kerala Congress

Kerala Congress (M)

Kosal Kranti Dal

Kosi Vikas Party

Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

Krantikari Samyavadi Party

Krantisena Maharashtra

Laghujan Samaj Vikas Party

Lal Morcha

Lok Bharati

Lok Dal

Lok Jan Shakti Party

Lok Jan Vikas Morcha

Lok Satta Party

Lok Vikas Party

Lokpriya Samaj Party

Loksangram

Loktanrik Sarkar Party

Loktantrik Samajwadi Party

Loktantrik Samata Dal

Mahagujarat Janta Party

Maharashtra Navnirman sena

Maharashtrawadi Gomantak

Mahila Adhikar Party

Mana Party

Manav Mukti Morcha

Manipur People’s Party

Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

Marxist Co-Ordination

Maulik Adhikar Party

Meghalaya Democratic Party

Moderate Party

Momin Conference

Muslim League Kerala State Committee

Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh

Nagaland Peoples Front

National Development Party

National Lokhind Party

National Loktantrik Party

National Secular Party

National Youth Party

Nationalist Congress Party

Navbharat Nirman Party

Nelopa(United)

Orissa Mukti Morcha

Party for Democratic Socialism

Paschim Banga Rajya Muslim League

Peace Party

Peoples Democratic Alliance

Peoples Democratic Forum

People’s Democratic Front

Peoples Guardian

People’s Party of Arunachal

Peoples Republican Party

Prabuddha Republican Party

Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

Praja Bharath Party

Praja Rajyam Party

Prajatantrik Samadhan Party

Proutist Sarva Samaj

Proutist Sarva Samaj Party

Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal

Pyramid Party of India

Rajyadhikara Party

Rashtra Sewa Dal

Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

Rashtravadi Communist Party

Rashtravadi Janata Party

Rashtrawadi Sena

Rashtriya Agraniye Dal

Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party

Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

Rashtriya Gondvana Party

Rashtriya Janata Dal

Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha

Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)

Rashtriya Kranti Party

Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party

Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

Rashtriya Lok Dal

Rashtriya Lokhit Party

Rashtriya Lokwadi Party

Rashtriya Machhua Samaj Party

Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party

Rashtriya Pragati Party

Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)

Rashtriya Raksha Dal

Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (United)

Rashtriya Samanta Dal

Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi

Republican Paksha (Khoripa)

Republican Party of India

Republican Party of India (A)

Republican Party of India (Democratic )

Republican Party of India (Khobragade)

Republican Presidium Party of India

Republician Party of India Ektawadi

Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)

Revolutionary Socialist Party

Samajik Jantantrik Party

Samajtantric Party of India

Samajwadi Jan Parishad

Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

Samajwadi Party

Samata Party

Samruddha Odisha

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party

Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha

Sarvodaya Party

Savarn Samaj Party

Save Goa Front

Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)

Shivrajya Party

Shivsena

Shoshit Samaj Dal

Socialist Party (Lohia)

Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

Sunder Samaj Party

Swabhimani Paksha

Swarajya Party Of India

Swatantra Bharat Paksha

Telangana Rashtra Samithi

Telugu Desam

The Humanist Party of India

Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

United Communist Party of India

United Democratic Party

United Goans Democratic Party

United Women Front

Uttar Pradesh Republican Party

Vanchit Jamat Party

Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katch

Vikas Party

Vishva Hindustani Sangathan

Yuva Vikas Party … and many many more….

S01 1 AP ADILABAD 16-Apr-09 1 ADE TUKARAM M 55 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 KOTNAK RAMESH M 39 Indian National Congress

3 RATHOD RAMESH M 43 Telugu Desam

4 RATHOD SADASHIV NAIK M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 MESRAM NAGO RAO M 59 Praja Rajyam Party

6 ATHRAM LAXMAN RAO M 47 Independent

7 GANTA PENTANNA M 36 Independent

8 NETHAVAT RAMDAS M 39 Independent

9 BANKA SAHADEVU M 55 Independent

S01 2 AP PEDDAPALLE 16-Apr-09 1 GAJJELA SWAMY M 49 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 GOMASA SRINIVAS M 41 Telangana Rashtra Samithi

3 MATHANGI NARSIAH M 64 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 DR.G.VIVEKANAND M 51 Indian National Congress

5 AREPELLI DAVID RAJU M 36 Praja Rajyam Party

6 KRISHNA SABBALI M 39 Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

7 AMBALA MAHENDAR M 38 Independent

8 A. KAMALAMMA F 36 Independent

9 GORRE RAMESH M 42 Independent

10 NALLALA KANUKAIAH M 39 Independent

11 B. MALLAIAH M 32 Independent

12 K. RAJASWARI F 38 Independent

13 D. RAMULU M 51 Independent

14 G.VINAY KUMAR M 51 Independent

15 S.LAXMAIAH M 33 Independent

S01 3 AP KARIMNAGAR 16-Apr-09 1 CHANDUPATLA JANGA REDDY M 75 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 PONNAM PRABHAKAR M 41 Indian National Congress

3 VINOD KUMAR BOINAPALLY M 49 Telangana Rashtra Samithi

4 VIRESHAM NALIMELA M 58 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 RAGULA RAMULU M 40 Republican Party of India (A)

6 LINGAMPALLI SRINIVAS REDDY M 39 Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

7 VELICHALA RAJENDER RAO M 46 Praja Rajyam Party

8 T. SRIMANNARAYANA M 68 Pyramid Party of India

9 K. PRABHAKAR M 43 Independent

10 KORIVI VENUGOPAL M 46 Independent

11 BARIGE GATTAIAH YADAV M 32 Independent

12 GADDAM RAJI REDDY M 48 Independent

13 PANAKANTI SATISH KUMAR M 46 Independent

14 PEDDI RAVINDER M 29 Independent

15 B. SURESH M 32 Independent

S01 4 AP NIZAMABAD 16-Apr-09 1 DR. BAPU REDDY M 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 BIGALA GANESH GUPTA M 39 Telangana Rashtra Samithi

3 MADHU YASKHI GOUD M 50 Indian National Congress

4 YEDLA RAMU M 53 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 DUDDEMPUDI SAMBASIVA RAO CHOUDARY M 62 Lok Satta Party

6 P.VINAY KUMAR M 51 Praja Rajyam Party

7 DR. V.SATHYANARAYANA MURTHY M 51 Pyramid Party of India

8 S. SUJATHA F 43 Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

9 AARIS MOHAMMED M 46 Independent

10 KANDEM PRABHAKAR M 44 Independent

11 GADDAM SRINIVAS M 47 Independent

12 RAPELLY SRINIVAS M 34 Independent

S01 5 AP ZAHIRABAD 16-Apr-09 1 CHENGAL BAGANNA M 66 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 M.VISHNU MUDIRAJ M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SYED YOUSUF ALI M 54 Telangana Rashtra Samithi

4 SURESH KUMAR SHETKAR M 46 Indian National Congress

5 BENJAMIN RAJU M 39 Indian Justice Party

6 MALKAPURAM SHIVA KUMAR M 43 Praja Rajyam Party

7 MALLESH RAVINDER REDDY M 39 Lok Satta Party

8 CHITTA RAJESHWAR RAO M 45 Independent

9 POWAR SINGH HATTI SINGH M 36 Independent

10 BASAVA RAJ PATIL M 39 Independent

S01 6 AP MEDAK 16-Apr-09 1 NARENDRANATH .C M 45 Indian National Congress

2 P. NIROOP REDDY M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 VIJAYA SHANTHI .M F 43 Telangana Rashtra Samithi

4 Y. SHANKAR GOUD M 44 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 KOVURI PRABHAKAR M 51 Pyramid Party of India

6 KHAJA QUAYUM ANWAR M 43 Praja Rajyam Party

7 D. YADESHWAR M 46 Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)

8 K. SUDHEER REDDY M 37 Lok Satta Party

9 KUNDETI RAVI M 32 Independent

S01 7 AP MALKAJGIRI 16-Apr-09 1 NALLU INDRASENA REDDY M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 M.BABU RAO PADMA SALE M 52 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 BHEEMSEN.T M 60 Telugu Desam

4 SARVEY SATYANARAYANA M 54 Indian National Congress

5 S.D.KRISHNA MURTHY M 51 Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

6 T.DEVENDER GOUD M 56 Praja Rajyam Party

7 NARENDER KUMBALA M 39 Bharat Punarnirman Dal

8 PRATHANI RAMAKRISHNA M 42 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

9 LION C FRANCIS MJF M 56 Samajwadi Party

10 N V RAMA REDDY M 54 Pyramid Party of India

11 DR.LAVU RATHAIAH M 56 Lok Satta Party

12 KANTE KANAKAIAH GANGAPUTHRA M 63 Independent

13 KOYAL KAR BHOJARAJ M 35 Independent

14 CHENURU VENKATA SUBBA RAO M 52 Independent

15 JAJULA BHASKAR M 34 Independent

16 LT.COL. (RETD). DUSERLA PAPARAIDU M 62 Independent

17 MD.MANSOORALI M 31 Independent

18 S.VICTOR M 40 Independent

19 K.SRINIVASA RAJU M 44 Independent

S01 8 AP SECUNDRABAD 16-Apr-09 1 ANJAN KUMAR YADAV M M 47 Indian National Congress

2 BANDARU DATTATREYA M 61 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 M. D. MAHMOOD ALI M 55 Telangana Rashtra Samithi

4 M. VENKATESH M 32 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 SRINIVASA SUDHISH RAMBHOTLA M 40 Telugu Desam

6 ABDUS SATTAR MUJAHED M 41 Muslim League Kerala State Committee

7 IMDAD JAH M 64 Ambedkar National Congress

8 P. DAMODER REDDY M 48 Pyramid Party of India

9 DR. DASOJU SRAVAN KUMAR M 41 Praja Rajyam Party

10 S. DEVAIAH M 59 Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

11 C.V.L. NARASIMHA RAO M 51 Lok Satta Party

12 DR .POLISHETTY RAM MOHAN M 57 Samata Party

13 MOHD. OSMAN QURESHEE M 35 Ajeya Bharat Party

14 SHIRAZ KHAN F 39 United Women Front

15 ASEERVADAM LELLAPALLI M 51 Independent

16 AMBATI KRISHNA MURTHY M 50 Independent

17 B. GOPALA KRISHNA M 42 Independent

18 DEVI DAS RAO GHODKE M 63 Independent

19 BABER ALI KHAN M 51 Independent

20 M. BHAGYA MATHA F 38 Independent

21 CH. MURAHARI M 49 Independent

22 G. RAJAIAH M 48 Independent

23 K. SRINIVASA CHARI M 49 Independent

S01 9 AP HYDERABAD 16-Apr-09 1 ZAHID ALI KHAN M 66 Telugu Desam

2 P. LAXMAN RAO GOUD M 55 Indian National Congress

3 SATISH AGARWAL M 38 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 SAMY MOHAMMED M 29 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 ASADUDDIN OWAISI M 41 All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen

6 S. GOPAL SINGH M 34 Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

7 TAHER KAMAL KHUNDMIRI M 52 Janata Dal (Secular)

8 FATIMA .A F 41 Praja Rajyam Party

9 P. VENKATESWARA RAO M 58 Pyramid Party of India

10 D. SURENDER M 36 Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

11 AL-KASARY MOULLIM MOHSIN HUSSAIN M 33 Independent

12 ALTAF AHMED KHAN M 43 Independent

13 M.A. QUDDUS GHORI M 43 Independent

14 ZAHID ALI KHAN M 26 Independent

15 M.A. BASITH M 55 Independent

16 MD. OSMAN M 43 Independent

17 B. RAVI YADAV M 33 Independent

18 N.L. SRINIVAS M 31 Independent

19 M.A. SATTAR M 29 Independent

20 D. SADANAND M 45 Independent

21 SYED ABDUL GAFFTER M 51 Independent

22 SARDAR SINGH M 62 Independent

23 M.A. HABEEB M 31 Independent

S01 10 AP CHELVELLA 16-Apr-09 1 JAIPAL REDDY SUDINI M 67 Indian National Congress

2 A.P.JITHENDER REDDY M 54 Telugu Desam

3 BADDAM BAL REDDY M 64 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 C.SRINIVAS RAO M 39 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 KASANI GNANESHWAR M 54 Mana Party

6 KUMMARI GIRI M 28 Pyramid Party of India

7 DASARA SARALA DEVI F 39 Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

8 DR.B.RAGHUVEER REDDY M 42 Lok Satta Party

9 SAMA SRINIVASULU M 34 Great India Party

10 S.MALLA REDDY M 43 Independent

11 G.MALLESHAM GOUD M 32 Independent

12 RAMESHWARAM JANGAIAH M 58 Independent

13 LAXMINARAYANA M 27 Independent

14 VENKATRAM NAIK M 27 Independent

15 SAYAMOOLA NARSIMULU M 30 Independent

S01 11 AP MAHBUBNAGAR 16-Apr-09 1 KUCHAKULLA YADAGIRI REDDY M 51 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 K. CHANDRASEKHAR RAO M 55 Telangana Rashtra Samithi

3 DEVARAKONDA VITTAL RAO M 57 Indian National Congress

4 PALEM SUDARSHAN GOUD M 42 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 ABDUL KAREEM KHAJA MOHAMMAD M 50 Lok Satta Party

6 ASIRVADAM M 35 Great India Party

7 KOLLA VENKATESH MADIGA M 37 Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

8 GUNDALA VIJAYALAKSHMI F 61 Pyramid Party of India

9 B. BALRAJ GOUD M 44 Mana Party

10 MUNISWAMY.C.R M 32 Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

11 USHAN SATHYAMMA F 32 Independent

12 USAIN RANGAMMA F 50 Independent

13 YETTI CHINNA YENKAIAH M 47 Independent

14 YETTI LINGAIAH M 52 Independent

15 KANDUR KURMAIAH M 56 Independent

16 KARRE JANGAIAH M 29 Independent

17 GANGAPURI RAVINDAR GOUD M 28 Independent

18 GAJJA NARSIMULU M 35 Independent

19 CHENNAMSETTY DASHARATHA RAMULU HOLEA DASARI M 31 Independent

20 M.A. JABBAR M 39 Independent

21 DEPALLY MAISAIAH M 27 Independent

22 DEPALLY SAYANNA M 47 Independent

23 K. NARSIMULU M 52 Independent

24 NAGENDER REDDY. K M 49 Independent

25 PANDU M 29 Independent

26 BUDIGA JANGAM LAXMAMMA F 30 Independent

27 MOHAMMAD GHOUSE MOINUDDIN M 76 Independent

28 MALA JANGILAMMA F 50 Independent

29 RAJESH NAIK M 29 Independent

30 RAIKANTI RAMADAS MADIGA M 40 Independent

31 V. VENKATESHWARLU M 32 Independent

32 B. SEENAIAH GOUD M 62 Independent

S01 12 AP NAGARKURNOOL 16-Apr-09 1 GUVVALA BALARAJU M 31 Telangana Rashtra Samithi

2 TANGIRALA PARAMJOTHI M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 DR. MANDA JAGANNATH M 57 Indian National Congress

4 DR. T. RATNAKARA M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 DEVANI SATYANARAYANA M 39 Praja Rajyam Party

6 S.P.FERRY ROY M 27 Pyramid Party of India

7 G. VIDYASAGAR M 60 Lok Satta Party

8 ANAPOSALA VENKATESH M 27 Independent

9 N. KURUMAIAH M 27 Independent

10 BUDDULA SRINIVAS M 35 Independent

11 A.V. SHIVA KUMAR M 42 Independent

12 SIRIGIRI MANNEM M 36 Independent

13 HANUMANTHU M 28 Independent

S01 13 AP NALGONDA 16-Apr-09 1 GUTHA SUKENDER REDDY M 55 Indian National Congress

2 NAZEERUDDIN M 55 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 VEDIRE SRIRAM REDDY M 39 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 SURAVARAM SUDHAKAR REDDY M 67 Communist Party of India

5 A. NAGESHWAR RAO M 59 Pyramid Party of India

6 PADURI KARUNA F 58 Praja Rajyam Party

7 DAIDA LINGAIAH M 51 Independent

8 MD. NAZEEMUDDIN M 40 Independent

9 BOLUSANI KRISHNAIAH M 45 Independent

10 BOLLA KARUNAKAR M 33 Independent

11 MARRY NEHEMIAH M 55 Independent

12 YALAGANDULA RAMU M 41 Independent

13 K.V.SRINIVASA CHARYULU M 30 Independent

14 SHAIK AHMED M 57 Independent

S01 14 AP BHONGIR 16-Apr-09 1 KOMATIREDDY RAJ GOPAL REDDY M 41 Indian National Congress

2 CHINTHA SAMBA MURTHY M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 NOMULA NARSIMHAIAH M 49 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4 SIDDHARTHA PHOOLEY M 39 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 CHANDRA MOULI GANDAM M 48 Praja Rajyam Party

6 PALLA PRABHAKAR REDDY M 64 Pyramid Party of India

7 RACHA SUBHADRA REDDY F 59 Lok Satta Party

8 GUMMI BAKKA REDDY M 75 Independent

9 POOSA BALA KISHAN BESTA M 35 Independent

10 PERUKA ANJAIAH M 46 Independent

11 MAMIDIGALLA JOHN BABU M 40 Independent

12 MEDI NARSIMHA M 31 Independent

13 RUPANI RAMESH VADDERA M 31 Independent

14 SANGU MALLAYYA M 66 Independent

15 SIRUPANGI RAMULU M 55 Independent

S01 15 AP WARANGAL 16-Apr-09 1 JAYAPAL. V M 63 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 DOMMATI SAMBAIAH M 45 Telugu Desam

3 RAJAIAH SIRICILLA M 55 Indian National Congress

4 RAMAGALLA PARAMESHWAR M 55 Telangana Rashtra Samithi

5 LALAIAH P M 65 Bahujan Samaj Party

6 ONTELA MONDAIAH M 58 Pyramid Party of India

7 DR. CHANDRAGIRI RAJAMOULY M 49 Praja Rajyam Party

8 BALLEPU VENKAT NARSINGA RAO M 37 Lok Satta Party

9 KANNAM VENKANNA M 32 Independent

10 KRISHNADHI SRILATHA F 33 Independent

11 SOMAIAH GANAPURAM M 39 Independent

12 DAMERA MOGILI M 34 Independent

13 DUBASI NARSING M 46 Independent

14 PAKALA DEVADANAM M 74 Independent

15 D. SREEDHAR RAO M 37 Independent

S01 16 AP MAHABUBABAD 16-Apr-09 1 KUNJA SRINIVASA RAO M 31 Communist Party of India

2 GUMMADI PULLAIAH M 58 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 B. DILIP M 35 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 P. BALRAM M 45 Indian National Congress

5 D.T. NAIK M 61 Praja Rajyam Party

6 PODEM SAMMAIAH M 31 Pyramid Party of India

7 BANOTH MOLCHAND M 60 Lok Satta Party

8 KALTHI VEERASWAMY M 52 Independent

9 KECHELA RANGA REDDY M 44 Independent

10 DATLA NAGESWAR RAO M 42 Independent

11 PADIGA YERRAIAH M 64 Independent

12 P. SATYANARAYANA M 32 Independent

S01 17 AP KHAMMAM 16-Apr-09 1 KAPILAVAI RAVINDER M 45 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 THONDAPU VENKATESWARA RAO M 30 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 NAMA NAGESWARA RAO M 50 Telugu Desam

4 RENUKA CHOWDHURY F 54 Indian National Congress

5 JALAGAM HEMAMALINI F 40 Praja Rajyam Party

6 JUPELLI SATYANARAYANA M 61 Lok Satta Party

7 MANUKONDA RAGHURAM PRASAD M 55 Pyramid Party of India

8 SHAIK MADAR SAHEB M 40 Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

9 AVULA VENKATESWARLU M 45 Independent

10 CHANDA LINGAIAH M 58 Independent

11 DANDA LINGAIAH M 59 Independent

12 BANOTH LAXMA NAIK M 52 Independent

13 MALLAVARAPU JEREMIAH M 63 Independent

S01 18 AP ARUKU 16-Apr-09 1 KISHORE CHANDRA SURYANARAYANA DEO VYRICHERLA M 62 Indian National Congress

2 KURUSA BOJJAIAH M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 GADUGU BALLAYYA DORA M 38 Rashtriya Janata Dal

4 MIDIYAM BABU RAO M 58 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 LAKE RAJA RAO M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

6 MEENAKA SIMHACHALAM M 43 Praja Rajyam Party

7 VADIGALA PENTAYYA M 56 Lok Satta Party

8 APPA RAO KINJEDI M 48 Independent

9 ARIKA GUMPA SWAMY M 60 Independent

10 ILLA RAMI REDDY M 54 Independent

11 JAYALAKSHMI SHAMBUDU F 39 Independent

S01 19 AP SRIKAKULAM 16-Apr-09 1 YERRNNAIDU KINJARAPU M 50 Telugu Desam

2 KILLI KRUPA RANI F 47 Indian National Congress

3 TANKALA SUDHAKARA RAO M 57 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 DUPPALA RAVINDARA BABU M 38 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 KALYANI VARUDU F 29 Praja Rajyam Party

6 NANDA PRASADA RAO M 37 Pyramid Party of India

S01 20 AP VIZIANAGARAM 16-Apr-09 1 APPALA NAIDU KONDAPALLI M 41 Telugu Desam

2 GOTTAPU CHINAMNAIDU M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 JHANSI LAXMI BOTCHA F 45 Indian National Congress

4 SANYASI RAJU PAKALAPATI M 51 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 KIMIDI GANAPATHI RAO M 52 Praja Rajyam Party

6 LUNKARAN JAIN M 60 Pyramid Party of India

7 DATTLA SATYA APPALA SIVANANDA RAJU M 34 Lok Satta Party

8 VENKATA SATYA NARAYANA RAGHUMANDA M 28 Bharatiya Sadbhawna Samaj Party

9 MAHESWARA RAO VARRI M 35 Independent

S01 21 AP VISAKHAPATNAM 16-Apr-09 1 I.M.AHMED M 41 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 DAGGUBATI PURANDESWARI F 49 Indian National Congress

3 DR.M.V.V.S.MURTHI M 70 Telugu Desam

4 D.V.SUBBARAO M 76 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 PALLA SRINIVASA RAO M 40 Praja Rajyam Party

6 BETHALA KEGIYA RANI F 26 Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)

7 D.BHARATHI F 53 Pyramid Party of India

8 D.V.RAMANA (VASU MASTER) M 37 Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

9 RAMESH LANKA M 49 Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

10 M.T.VENKATESWARALU M 42 Lok Satta Party

11 APPARAO GOLAGANA M 46 Independent

12 BANDAM VENKATA RAO YADAV M 32 Independent

13 YADDANAPUDI RANGARAO M 78 Independent

14 YALAMANCHILI PRASAD M 54 Independent

15 RANGARAJU KALIDINDI M 46 Independent

S01 22 AP ANAKAPALLI 16-Apr-09 1 APPA RAO KIRLA M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 NOOKARAPU SURYA PRAKASA RAO M 50 Telugu Desam

3 BHEEMISETTI NAGESWARARAO M 41 Rashtriya Janata Dal

4 VENKATA RAMANA BABU PILLA M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 SABBAM HARI M 55 Indian National Congress

6 ALLU ARAVIND M 62 Praja Rajyam Party

7 PULAMARASETTI VENKATA RAMANA M 28 Pyramid Party of India

8 BOYINA NAGESWARA RAO M 52 Janata Dal (United)

9 NANDA GOPAL GANDHAM M 60 Independent

10 PATHALA SATYA RAO M 46 Independent

S02 1 AR ARUNACHAL WEST 16-Apr-09 1 KIREN RIJIJU M 37 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 TAKAM SANJOY M 42 Indian National Congress

3 TABA TAKU M 25 Lok Bharati

4 SUBU KECHI M 36 Independent

S02 2 AR ARUNACHAL EAST 16-Apr-09 1 LOWANGCHA WANGLAT M 66 Arunachal Congress

2 NINONG ERING M 50 Indian National Congress

3 TAPIR GAO M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 DR. SAMSON BORANG M 33 People’s Party of Arunachal

S03 1 AS KARIMGANJ 16-Apr-09 1 RAJESH MALLAH M 43 Assam United Democratic Front

2 LALIT MOHAN SUKLABAIDYA M 68 Indian National Congress

3 SUDHANGSHU DAS M 41 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 UTTAM NOMOSUDRA M 34 Independent

5 JOY DAS M 37 Independent

6 DEBASISH DAS M 36 Independent

7 PROBHASH CH. SARKAR M 36 Independent

8 BIJON ROY M 35 Independent

9 BIJOY MALAKAR M 42 Independent

10 MALATI ROY F 42 Independent

11 MILON SINGHA M 42 Independent

12 RANJAN NAMASUDRA M 41 Independent

13 RAJESH CHANDRA ROY M 29 Independent

14 SITAL PRASAD DUSAD M 55 Independent

15 HIMANGSHU KUMAR DAS M 28 Independent

S03 2 AS SILCHAR 16-Apr-09 1 KABINDRA PURKAYASTHA M 74 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 DIPAK BHATTACHARJEE M 69 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3 BADRUDDIN AJMAL M 54 Assam United Democratic Front

4 SONTOSH MOHAN DEV M 75 Indian National Congress

5 KANTIMOY DEB M 60 Independent

6 CHANDAN RABIDAS M 34 Independent

7 JAYANTA MALLICK M 36 Independent

8 JOY SUNDAR DAS M 38 Independent

9 NAGENDRA CHANDRA DAS M 28 Independent

10 NAZRUL HAQUE MAZARBHUIYAN M 36 Independent

11 NABADWIP DAS M 58 Independent

12 PIJUSH KANTI DAS M 38 Independent

13 MANISH BHATTACHARJEE M 62 Independent

14 YOGENDRA KUMAR SINGH M 40 Independent

15 SUBIR DEB M 41 Independent

16 SUMIT ROY M 33 Independent

S03 3 AS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT 16-Apr-09 1 KULENDRA DAULAGUPU M 36 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 BIREN SINGH ENGTI M 64 Indian National Congress

3 HIDDHINATH RONGPI M 45 Nationalist Congress Party

4 ELWIN TERON M 48 Autonomous State Demand Committee

5 DR. JAYANTA RONGPI M 54 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6 KABON TIMUNGPI F 56 Independent

S04 17 BR GOPALGANJ 16-Apr-09 1 ANIL KUMAR M 41 Rashtriya Janata Dal

2 JANAK RAM M 37 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 PURNMASI RAM M 52 Janata Dal (United)

4 RAMAI RAM M 66 Indian National Congress

5 MADHU BHARTI F 39 Loktantrik Samata Dal

6 RAM KUMAR MANJHI M 30 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

7 RAMASHANKAR RAM M 43 Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha

8 SATYADEO RAM M 39 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

9 ASHA DEVI F 46 Independent

10 DINANATH MANJHI M 31 Independent

11 DHARMENDRA KUMAR HAZRA M 41 Independent

12 BANITHA BAITHA F 25 Independent

13 RAJESH KUMAR RAM M 28 Independent

14 RAM SURAT RAM M 42 Independent

15 SHAMBHU DOM M 41 Independent

16 SURENDRA PASWAN M 28 Independent

S04 18 BR SIWAN 16-Apr-09 1 PARASH NATH PATHAK M 60 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 BRISHIN PATEL M 60 Janata Dal (United)

3 VIJAY SHANKER DUBEY M 60 Indian National Congress

4 HENA SHAHAB F 36 Rashtriya Janata Dal

5 AMAR NATH YADAV M 44 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6 ASWANI KR. VERMA M 28 Indian Justice Party

7 MADHURI PANDAY F 35 Samajik Jantantrik Party

8 LAL BABU TIWARI M 55 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

9 UMESH TIWARY M 30 Independent

10 OM PRAKASH YADAV M 43 Independent

11 NIDHI KIRTI F 26 Independent

12 PRABHU NATH MALI M 26 Independent

13 DR. MUNESHWAR PRASAD M 68 Independent

14 RAJENDRA KUMAR M 36 Independent

15 SHAMBHU NATH PRASAD M 60 Independent

S04 19 BR MAHARAJGANJ 16-Apr-09 1 UMA SHANAKER SINGH M 61 Rashtriya Janata Dal

2 TARKESHWAR SINGH M 51 Indian National Congress

3 PRABHU NATH SINGH M 56 Janata Dal (United)

4 RAVINDRA NATH MISHRA M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 RAMESH SINGH KUSHWAHA M 59 Loktantrik Samata Dal

6 SATYENDRA KR. SAHANI M 41 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7 GAUTAM PRASAD M 30 Independent

8 DHURENDRA RAM M 47 Independent

9 NAYAN PRASAD M 53 Independent

10 PRADEEP MANJHI M 32 Independent

11 BANKE BIHARI SINGH M 25 Independent

12 RAJESH KUMAR SINGH M 26 Independent

13 BREENDA PATHAK M 63 Independent

S04 20 BR SARAN 16-Apr-09 1 RAJIV PRATAP RUDY M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 LALU PRASAD M 60 Rashtriya Janata Dal

3 SALIM PERWEZ M 47 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SANTOSH PATEL M 39 Loktantrik Samata Dal

5 SOHEL AKHATAR M 33 Bharatiya Momin Front

6 KUMAR BALRAM SINGH M 56 Independent

7 DHUPENDRA SINGH M 33 Independent

8 RAJKUMAR RAI M 33 Independent

9 RAJAN HRISHIKESH CHANDRA M 25 Independent

10 RAJARAM SAHANI M 49 Independent

11 LAL BABU RAY M 46 Independent

12 SHEO DAS SINGH M 74 Independent

S04 32 BR ARRAH 16-Apr-09 1 MEENA SINGH F 44 Janata Dal (United)

2 RAMA KISHORE SINGH M 46 Lok Jan Shakti Party

3 REETA SINGH F 40 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 HARIDWAR PRASAD SINGH M 64 Indian National Congress

5 AJIT PRASAD MEHTA M 43 Jawan Kisan Morcha

6 ARUN SINGH M 48 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7 BHARAT BHUSAN PANDEY M 35 Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

8 RAMADHAR SINGH M 48 Shivsena

9 SAMBHU PRASAD SHARMA M 57 All India Forward Bloc

10 SANTOSH KUMAR M 32 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

11 SATYA NARAYAN YADAV M 67 Rashtra Sewa Dal

12 SAIYAD GANIUDDIN HAIDER M 42 Ambedkar National Congress

13 ASHOK KUMAR SINGH M 38 Independent

14 BHARAT SINGH SAHYOGI M 45 Independent

15 MAHESH RAM M 45 Independent

16 SOBH NATH SINGH M 39 Independent

S04 33 BR BUXAR 16-Apr-09 1 KAMLA KANT TIWARY M 67 Indian National Congress

2 JAGADA NAND SINGH M 65 Rashtriya Janata Dal

3 LAL MUNI CHOUBEY M 71 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 SHYAM LAL SINGH KUSHWAHA M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 MOKARRAM HUSSAIN M 57 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

6 MOHAN SAH M 33 Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

7 RAJENDRA SINGH MAURYA M 32 Loktantrik Samata Dal

8 DR. VIJENDRA NATH UPADHYAY M 37 Shivsena

9 SHYAM BIHARI BIND M 46 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

10 SATYENDRA OJHA M 27 Apna Dal

11 SUDAMA PRASAD M 41 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

12 SURESH WADEKAR M 38 Republican Party of India

13 KAMLESH CHOUDHARY M 35 Independent

14 JAI SINGH YADAV M 34 Independent

15 DADAN SINGH M 45 Independent

16 PRATIBHA DEVI F 40 Independent

17 PHULAN PANDIT M 44 Independent

18 RAJENDRA PASWAN M 33 Independent

19 LALLAN RUPNARAIN PATHAK M 65 Independent

20 SHIV CHARAN YADAV M 55 Independent

21 SUNIL KUMAR DUBEY M 32 Independent

22 SURENDRA KUMAR BHARTI M 38 Independent

S04 34 BR SASARAM 16-Apr-09 1 GANDHI AZAD M 62 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 MEIRA KUMAR F 63 Indian National Congress

3 MUNI LAL M 61 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 LALAN PASWAN M 45 Rashtriya Janata Dal

5 DUKHI RAM M 39 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6 BABBAN CHAUDHARY M 39 Loktantrik Samata Dal

7 BALIRAM RAM M 43 Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

8 BHOLA PRASAD M 38 Indian Justice Party

9 RADHA DEBI F 28 Apna Dal

10 RAM NAGINA RAM M 41 Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party

11 RAM YADI RAM M 72 Republican Party of India

12 PRAMOD KUMAR M 26 Independent

13 BHARAT RAM M 33 Independent

14 MUNIYA DEBI F 41 Independent

15 RAM PRAVESH RAM M 47 Independent

16 SURENDRA RAM M 39 Independent

S04 35 BR KARAKAT 16-Apr-09 1 AWADHESH KUMAR SINGH M 53 Indian National Congress

2 UPENDRA KUMAR SHARMA M 47 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 KANTI SINGH F 54 Rashtriya Janata Dal

4 MAHABALI SINGH M 54 Janata Dal (United)

5 AJAY KUMAR M 32 Republican Party of India (A)

6 JYOTI RASHMI F 30 Rashtra Sewa Dal

7 MUDREEKA YADAV M 59 Apna Dal

8 RAJ KISHOR MISRA M 30 Alpjan Samaj Party

9 RAJA RAM SINGH M 53 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

10 MD.SHAMIULLAH MANSOORI M 62 Shoshit Samaj Dal

11 ER.ABDUL SATAR M 62 Independent

12 AMAVAS RAM M 50 Independent

13 PRO. KAMTA PRASAD YADAV M 46 Independent

14 GIRISH NARAYAN SINGH M 48 Independent

15 SATISH PANDEY M 27 Independent

16 HARI PRASAD SINGH M 63 Independent

S04 36 BR JAHANABAD 16-Apr-09 1 DR. ARUN KUMAR M 49 Indian National Congress

2 JAGDISH SHARMA M 58 Janata Dal (United)

3 RAMADHAR SHARMA M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SURENDRA PRASAD YADAV M 51 Rashtriya Janata Dal

5 AYASHA KHATUN F 28 Loktantrik Samata Dal

6 PROF. JAI RAM PRASAD SINGH M 70 Shoshit Samaj Dal

7 TARA GUPTA F 62 Rashtriya Pragati Party

8 MAHANAND PRASAD M 41 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

9 RAMASRAY PRASAD SINGH M 83 Rashtriya Lok Dal

10 MD. SAHABUDDIN JAHAN M 36 Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party

11 SHRAVAN KUMAR M 32 Lal Morcha

12 SADHU SINHA M 68 All India Forward Bloc

13 SYED AKBAR IMAM M 49 Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena

14 AJAY KUMAR VERMA M 41 Independent

15 ABHAY KUMAR ANIL M 41 Independent

16 DR. ARBIND KUMAR M 52 Independent

17 ARVIND PRASAD SINGH M 43 Independent

18 UPENDRA PRASAD M 31 Independent

19 JAGDISH YADAV M 40 Independent

20 PRIKSHIT SINGH M 36 Independent

21 PRABHAT KUMAR RANJAN M 32 Independent

22 RANJIT SHARMA M 28 Independent

23 RAKESHWAR KISHOR M 35 Independent

24 SIYA RAM PRASAD M 40 Independent

25 SUMIRAK SINGH M 50 Independent

S04 37 BR AURANGABAD 16-Apr-09 1 ARCHANA CHANDRA F 32 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 NIKHIL KUMAR M 67 Indian National Congress

3 SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN M 61 Rashtriya Janata Dal

4 SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH M 43 Janata Dal (United)

5 ANIL KUMAR SINGH M 36 Rashtra Sewa Dal

6 AMERIKA MAHTO M 48 Shoshit Samaj Dal

7 RAM KUMAR MEHTA M 37 Loktantrik Samata Dal

8 VIJAY PASWAN M 48 Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party

9 ASLAM ANSARI M 38 Independent

10 INDRA DEO RAM M 58 Independent

11 UDAY PASWAN M 41 Independent

12 PUNA DAS M 34 Independent

13 RANJEET KUMAR M 48 Independent

14 RAJENDRA YADAV M 42 Independent

15 RAMSWARUP PRASAD YADAV M 72 Independent

16 SANTOSH KUMAR M 40 Independent

S04 38 BR GAYA 16-Apr-09 1 KALAWATI DEVI F 27 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 RAMJI MANJHI M 49 Rashtriya Janata Dal

3 SANJIV PRASAD TONI M 52 Indian National Congress

4 HARI MANJHI M 47 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 DILIP PASWAN M 41 Navbharat Nirman Party

6 NIRANJAN KUMAR M 35 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7 RAJESH KUMAR M 27 Loktantrik Samata Dal

8 RAMDEV ARYA PAAN M 67 Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

9 AMAR NATH PRASAD M 35 Independent

10 KRISHNA CHOUDHARY M 26 Independent

11 KAIL DAS M 66 Independent

12 DIPAK PASWAN M 27 Independent

13 RAM KISHORE PASWAN M 36 Independent

14 RAMU PASWAN M 29 Independent

15 SHIV SHANKAR KUMAR M 33 Independent

16 SHYAM LAL MANJHI M 50 Independent

S04 39 BR NAWADA 16-Apr-09 1 GANESH SHANKAR VIDYARTHI M 85 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 BHOLA SINGH M 70 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 MASIH UDDIN M 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 VEENA DEVI F 36 Lok Jan Shakti Party

5 SUNILA DEVI F 38 Indian National Congress

6 UMAKANT RAHI M 37 Shoshit Samaj Dal

7 KAILASH PAL M 48 Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party

8 VIDHYAPATI SINGH M 46 Loktantrik Samata Dal

9 SURENDRA KUMAR CHAUDHARY M 45 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

10 AKHILESH SINGH M 38 Independent

11 ANIL MEHTA M 36 Independent

12 KAUSHAL YADAV M 39 Independent

13 CHANCHALA DEVI F 33 Independent

14 DURGA PRASAD DHAR M 29 Independent

15 NAVIN KUMAR VERMA M 38 Independent

16 RAJ KISHOR RAJ M 43 Independent

17 RAJ BALLABH PRASAD M 46 Independent

18 RAJENDRA VISHAL M 44 Independent

19 RAJENDRA SINGH M 60 Independent

20 SHAMBHU PRASAD M 41 Independent

21 SUNIL KUMAR M 28 Independent

S04 40 BR JAMUI 16-Apr-09 1 ASHOK CHOUDHARY M 42 Indian National Congress

2 GAJADHAR RAJAK M 63 Communist Party of India

3 BHAGWAN DAS M 61 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 BHUDEO CHOUDHARY M 46 Janata Dal (United)

5 SHYAM RAJAK M 56 Rashtriya Janata Dal

6 ARJUN MANJHI M 45 Jago Party

7 UPENDRA RAVIDAS M 30 Samata Party

8 OM PRAKASH PASWAN M 62 Loktantrik Samata Dal

9 GULAB CHANDRA PASWAN M 58 Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party

10 NUNDEO MANJHI M 54 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

11 PRASADI PASWAN M 37 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

12 SUBHASH PASWAN M 36 Samajtantric Party of India

13 KAPILDEO DAS M 55 Independent

14 JAY SEKHAR MANJHI M 48 Independent

15 PAPPU RAJAK M 40 Independent

16 YOGENDRA PASWAN M 37 Independent

17 VIJAY PASWAN M 29 Independent

18 BILAKSHAN RAVIDAS M 51 Independent

19 SARYUG PASWAN M 65 Independent

S09 6 JK JAMMU 16-Apr-09 1 S.TARLOK SINGH M 59 Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party

2 HUSSAIN ALI M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 LILA KARAN SHARMA M 68 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 MADAN LAL SHARMA M 56 Indian National Congress

5 UDAY CHAND M 55 Duggar Pradesh Party

6 SURJIT SINGH ‘G’ SITARA M 58 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

7 SANT RAM M 73 Bharatiya Bahujan Party

8 SANJEEV KUMAR MANMOTRA M 42 Lok Jan Shakti Party

9 QARI ZAHIR ABBAS BHATTI M 39 All India Forward Bloc

10 ABDUL MAJEED MALIK M 37 Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K

11 ASHOK KUMAR M 45 Independent

12 BALWAN SINGH M 35 Independent

13 PARAS RAM POONCHI M 56 Independent

14 RAMESH CHANDER SHARMA M 36 Independent

15 SATISH POONCHI M 60 Independent

16 SANJAY KUMAR M 39 Independent

17 SHAKEELA BANO F 32 Independent

18 LABHA RAM GANDHI M 46 Independent

19 CH. MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN CHOUHAN M 38 Independent

20 NARESH DOGRA M 40 Independent

21 HILAL AHMED BAIG M 29 Independent

S11 1 KL KASARAGOD 16-Apr-09 1 P KARUNAKARAN M 64 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 K.H.MADHAVI F 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SHAHIDA KAMAL F 40 Indian National Congress

4 K. SURENDRAN M 37 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 ABBAS MUTHALAPPARA M 47 Independent

6 MOHAN NAYAK M 73 Independent

7 P.K. RAMAN M 48 Independent

S11 2 KL KANNUR 16-Apr-09 1 P.P KARUNAKARAN MASTER M 61 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 K.K BALAKRISHNAN NAMBIAR M 52 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 K.K RAGESH M 38 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4 K. SUDHAKARAN M 60 Indian National Congress

5 P.I. CHANDRASEKHARAN M 53 The Humanist Party of India

6 JOHNSON ALIAS SUNNY AMBATT M 48 Independent

7 K. RAGESH S/O. JANARDHANAN M 33 Independent

8 PATTATHIL RAGHAVAN M 82 Independent

9 K. SUDHAKARAN KAVINTE ARIKATH M 39 Independent

S11 3 KL VADAKARA 16-Apr-09 1 ADV.K. NOORUDHEEN MUSALIAR M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 MULLAPPALLY RAMACHANDRAN M 64 Indian National Congress

3 K.P SREESAN M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 ADV. P. SATHEEDEVI F 52 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 T.P CHANDRASEKHARAN M 47 Independent

6 NAROTH RAMACHANDRAN M 58 Independent

7 P.SATHIDEVI PALLIKKAL F 36 Independent

8 SATHEEDEVI F 42 Independent

S11 4 KL WAYANAD 16-Apr-09 1 K. MURALEEDHARAN M 51 Nationalist Congress Party

2 RAJEEV JOSEPH M 40 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 C. VASUDEVAN MASTER M 65 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 M.I. SHANAVAS M 57 Indian National Congress

5 ADVOCATE. M. RAHMATHULLA M 48 Communist Party of India

6 KALLANGODAN ABDUL LATHEEF M 46 Independent

7 CLETUS M 52 Independent

8 DR. NALLA THAMPY THERA M 75 Independent

9 ADVOCATE. SHANAVAS MALAPPURAM M 36 Independent

10 SHANAVAS MANAKULANGARA PARAMBIL M 29 Independent

11 SUNNY PONNAMATTOM M 58 Independent

12 M.P. RAHMATH M 30 Independent

13 RAHMATHULLA POOLADAN M 36 Independent

S11 5 KL KOZHIKODE 16-Apr-09 1 A.K. ABDUL NASAR M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 ADV. P.A. MOHAMED RIYAS M 33 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3 V. MURALEEDHARAN M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 M.K. RAGHAVAN M 57 Indian National Congress

5 ADV. P. KUMARANKUTTY M 64 Independent

6 K. MUHAMMED RIYAS M 27 Independent

7 P. MUHAMMED RIYAS M 28 Independent

8 P.A. MOHAMMED RIYAS M 37 Independent

9 MUDOOR MUHAMMED HAJI M 44 Independent

10 K. RAGHAVAN M 44 Independent

11 P. RAMACHANDRAN NAIR M 63 Independent

12 M. RAGHAVAN M 65 Independent

13 VINOD K. M 33 Independent

14 ADV. SABI JOSEPH M 60 Independent

15 DR. D.SURENDRANATH M 60 Independent

16 RIYAS M 31 Independent

S11 6 KL MALAPPURAM 16-Apr-09 1 ADV.E.A. ABOOBACKER M 52 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 ADV. N. ARAVINDAN M 43 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 E. AHAMED M 70 Muslim League Kerala State Committee

4 T.K. HAMSA M 71 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

S11 7 KL PONNANI 16-Apr-09 1 K. JANACHANDRAN MASTER M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 P.K. MUHAMMED M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 E.T. MUHAMMED BASHEER M 62 Muslim League Kerala State Committee

4 ABDUREHMAN M 32 Independent

5 DR. AZAD M 45 Independent

6 PULLANI GOVINDAN M 64 Independent

7 DR. HUSSAIN RANTATHANI M 51 Independent

8 HUSSAIN EDAYATH M 29 Independent

9 HUSSAIN KADAIKKAL M 37 Independent

10 HUSSAIN PERICHAYIL M 42 Independent

11 HUSSAIN M 29 Independent

12 DR. HUSSAIN M 40 Independent

13 K. SADANANDAN M 62 Independent

S11 8 KL PALAKKAD 16-Apr-09 1 ABDUL RAZAK MOULAVI M 47 Nationalist Congress Party

2 CHANDRAN. V M 63 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 C.K. PADMANABHAN M 60 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 M.B. RAJESH M 34 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 SATHEESAN PACHENI M 41 Indian National Congress

6 A. AROKIASAMY M 61 Independent

7 M.R. MURALI M 43 Independent

8 N.V. RAJESH M 35 Independent

9 VIJAYAN AMBALAKKAD M 42 Independent

10 SATHEESAN. E.V M 37 Independent

S11 9 KL ALATHUR 16-Apr-09 1 P.K BIJU M 34 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 M. BINDU TEACHER F 35 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 DR. G SUDEVAN M 61 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 N.K SUDHEER M 44 Indian National Congress

5 K. GOPALAKRISHNAN M 39 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6 BIJU K.K M 38 Independent

7 P.C BIJU M 36 Independent

8 C.K RAMAKRISHNAN M 43 Independent

9 K.K SUDHIR M 44 Independent

S11 10 KL THRISSUR 16-Apr-09 1 P C CHACKO M 62 Indian National Congress

2 C N JAYADEVAN M 58 Communist Party of India

3 ADV. JOSHY THARAKAN M 42 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 REMA REGUNANDAN F 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 AJAYAN KUTTIKAT M 36 Janata Dal (United)

6 K ARUN KUMAR M 39 Independent

7 KUNJAN PULAYAN M 52 Independent

8 E A JOSEPH M 49 Independent

9 N K RAVI M 46 Independent

10 P C SAJU M 35 Independent

11 ADV. N HARIHARAN NAIR M 63 Independent

S11 11 KL CHALAKUDY 16-Apr-09 1 ADV. U.P JOSEPH M 45 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 K.P. DHANAPALAN M 59 Indian National Congress

3 MUTTAM ABDULLA M 49 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 ADV.K.V. SABU M 47 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 HAMSA KALAPARAMBATH M 47 Lok Jan Shakti Party

6 JOHNNY K CHEEKU M 47 Independent

7 JOSE MAVELI M 58 Independent

8 U.P JOSE M 45 Independent

9 DR. P.S. BABU M 42 Independent

10 T.S NARAYANAN MASTER M 67 Independent

11 C.A. HASEENA F 36 Independent

S11 12 KL ERNAKULAM 16-Apr-09 1 PROF. K V THOMAS M 61 Indian National Congress

2 A.N. RADHAKRISHNAN M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 SHERIF MOHAMMED M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SINDHU JOY F 32 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 SAJU THOMAS M 43 Lok Jan Shakti Party

6 MARY FRANCIS MOOLAMPILLY F 59 Independent

7 VISWAMBARAN M 59 Independent

8 SAJI THURUTHIKUNNEL M 37 Independent

9 SINDHU K.S F 36 Independent

10 SINDHU JAYAN F 38 Independent

S11 13 KL IDUKKI 16-Apr-09 1 ADV. P.T THOMAS M 59 Indian National Congress

2 ADV. K. FRANCIS GEORGE M 54 Kerala Congress

3 ADV. BIJU M JOHN M 40 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SREENAGARI RAJAN M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 VASUDEVAN M 39 Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katch

6 ADV. CHITTOOR RAJAMANNAR M 50 Independent

7 JOSE KUTTIYANY M 69 Independent

8 KANCHIYAR PEETHAMBARAN M 45 Independent

9 BABY M 51 Independent

10 M A SOOSAI M 45 Independent

S11 14 KL KOTTAYAM 16-Apr-09 1 JOSE K.MANI M 44 Kerala Congress (M)

2 ADV. NARAYANAN NAMBOOTHIRI M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 ADV. SURESH KURUP M 52 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4 SPENCER MARKS M 39 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 ADV. JAIMON THANKACHAN M 39 Samajwadi Jan Parishad

6 ANTO P JOHN M 41 Independent

7 JUNO JOHN BABY M 34 Independent

8 JOSE M 45 Independent

9 JOSE MATHEW M 32 Independent

10 JOSE K. MANI M 32 Independent

11 BABU M 41 Independent

12 K.T MATHEW M 50 Independent

13 MINI K PHILIP F 41 Independent

14 M.S RAVEENDRAN M 49 Independent

15 K. RAJAPPAN M 57 Independent

16 SASIKUTTAN VAKATHANAM M 53 Independent

17 SURESH N.B KURUP M 26 Independent

18 SURESHKUMAR K M 33 Independent

19 SURESHKUMAR T.R M 36 Independent

20 SURESH KURUMBAN M 36 Independent

S11 15 KL ALAPPUZHA 16-Apr-09 1 DR. K.S MANOJ M 43 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 K.C VENUGOPAL M 46 Indian National Congress

3 K.S PRASAD M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 P.J KURIAN M 63 Janata Dal (United)

5 S. SEETHILAL M 45 Independent

6 SONY J. KALYANKUMAR M 51 Independent

S11 16 KL MAVELIKKARA 16-Apr-09 1 R.S ANIL M 34 Communist Party of India

2 KODIKKUNNIL SURESH M 46 Indian National Congress

3 DR. N.D MOHAN M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 P.M VELAYUDHAN M 52 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 ANIL KUMAR M 26 Independent

6 K.S SASIKALA F 40 Independent

7 SOORANAD SUKUMARAN M 60 Independent

S11 17 KL PATHANAMTHITTA 16-Apr-09 1 ANANTHA GOPAN M 61 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 ANTO ANTONY M 52 Indian National Congress

3 KARUNAKARAN NAIR M 78 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 MANI C.KAPPEN M 51 Nationalist Congress Party

5 RADHAKRISHNA MENON M 44 Bharatiya Janata Party

6 KUNJU PILLAI M 60 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7 ANTO M 33 Independent

8 JYOTHISH M.R M 37 Independent

9 THAMBI M 40 Independent

10 NIRANAM RAJAN M 47 Independent

11 PUSHPANGADAN M 40 Independent

12 MATHEW PAREY M 26 Independent

S11 18 KL KOLLAM 16-Apr-09 1 ADVT. K M JAYANANDAN M 52 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 N.PEETHAMBARAKURUP M 66 Indian National Congress

3 VAYAKKAL MADHU M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 P.RAJENDRAN M 58 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 ADV.ANU SASI M 28 Independent

6 KRISHNAMMAL F 59 Independent

7 K A JOHN M 55 Independent

8 N.PEETHAMBARAKURUP M 61 Independent

9 S.PRADEEP KUMAR M 30 Independent

10 S.RADHAKRISHNAN M 47 Independent

11 R.ZAKIEER HUSSAIN M 37 Independent

S11 19 KL ATTINGAL 16-Apr-09 1 PROF.G BALACHANDRAN M 63 Indian National Congress

2 THOTTAKKADU SASI M 54 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 ADV. A SAMPATH M 46 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4 J SUDHAKARAN M 60 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 SREENATH M 53 Shivsena

6 JAYAKUMAR M 56 Independent

7 BALACHANDRAN M 51 Independent

8 BALACHNDRAN C P M 59 Independent

9 MURALI KUMAR M 43 Independent

10 J VIJAYAKUMAR M 49 Independent

11 VIVEKANANDAN M 59 Independent

12 SHAMSUDEEN M 56 Independent

13 SAJIMON M 25 Independent

14 SAIFUDEEN M M 55 Independent

S11 20 KL THIRUVANANTHAPURAM 16-Apr-09 1 P K KRISHNA DAS M 45 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 M.P.GANGADHARAN M 74 Nationalist Congress Party

3 DR.A NEELALOHITHADASAN NADAR M 61 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 ADV. P RAMACHANDRAN NAIR M 57 Communist Party of India

5 SHASHI THAROOR M 53 Indian National Congress

6 AJITHKUMAR.K M 41 All India Trinamool Congress

7 JAIN WILSON M 41 Bahujan Shakty

8 G ASHOKAN M 47 Independent

9 T.GEORGE M 40 Independent

10 DILEEP M 28 Independent

11 U.NAHURMIRAN PEERU MOHAMMED M 49 Independent

12 PRATHAPAN M 54 Independent

13 MOHANAN JOSHWA M 49 Independent

14 SASI – JANAKI SADAN M 39 Independent

15 SASI – KALAPURAKKAL M 51 Independent

16 SHAJAR KHAN M 38 Independent

S13 5 MH BULDHANA 16-Apr-09 1 JADHAV PRATAPRAO GANPATRAO M 49 Shivsena

2 DANDGE VASANTRAO SUGDEO M 55 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SHINGNE DR.RAJENDRA BHASKARRAO M 48 Nationalist Congress Party

4 AMARDEEP BALASAHEB DESHMUKH M 27 Krantisena Maharashtra

5 QURRASHI SK.SIKANDAR SK. SHAUKAT M 33 Democratic Secular Party

6 GAJANAN RAJARAM SIRSAT M 27 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7 DHOKNE RAVINDRA TULSHRAMJI M 44 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

8 FERAN CHADRAHAS JAGDEO M 54 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

9 GANESH ARJUN ZORE M 25 Independent

10 TAYDE VITTHAL PANDHARI M 56 Independent

11 DEVIDAS PIRAJI SARKATE M 35 Independent

12 SY. BILAL SY. USMAN M 38 Independent

13 BHARAT PUNJAJI SHINGANE M 40 Independent

14 RAJESH NIKANTHRAO TATHE M 52 Independent

15 RATHOD CHHAGAN BABULAL M 29 Independent

S13 6 MH AKOLA 16-Apr-09 1 DHOTRE SANJAY SHAMRAO M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 BABASAHEB DHABEKAR M 78 Indian National Congress

3 ATIK AHAMAD GU. JILANI M 34 Democratic Secular Party

4 AMBEDKAR PRAKASH YASHWANT M 56 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5 GANESH TULSHIRAM TATHE M 49 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

6 DIPAK SHRIRAM TIRAKE M 33 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7 AJABRAO UTTAMRAO BHONGADE M 36 Independent

8 THAKURDAS GOVIND CHOUDHARI M 39 Independent

9 MUJAHID KHAN CHAND KHAN M 42 Independent

10 RAUT DEVIDAS ANANDRAO M 45 Independent

11 WASUDEORAO KHADE GURUJI M 68 Independent

S13 7 MH AMRAVATI 16-Apr-09 1 ADSUL ANANDRAO VITHOBA M 61 Shivsena

2 GANGADHAR GADE M 62 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 UGLE SUNIL NAMDEV M 32 Peoples Republican Party

4 UBALE SHRIKRISHNA CHAMPATRAO M 62 Ambedkarist Republican Party

5 KESHAV DASHARATH WANKHADE M 38 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

6 GAWAI RAJENDRA RAMKRUSHNA M 46 Republican Party of India

7 PRINCIPAL GOPICHAND SURYABHAN MESHRAM M 52 Republican Paksha (Khoripa)

8 BARSE MANOHAR DAULATRAO M 53 Indian Union Muslim League

9 SAU MAMATA VINAYAK KANDALKAR F 31 Assam United Democratic Front

10 DR. HEMANTKUMAR RAMBHAU MAHURE M 34 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

11 AMOL DEVIDASRAO JADHAV M 25 Independent

12 UMAK SHRIKRUSHNA SHYAMRAO M 57 Independent

13 BANDU SAMPATRAO SANE (BANDYA L.S.) M 43 Independent

14 BHAURAO SHRIRAM CHHAPANE M 38 Independent

15 MITHUN HIRAMAN GAIKWAD M 51 Independent

16 PROF. MUKUND VITTHALRAO KHAIRE M 51 Independent

17 DR. RAJIV GULABRAO JAMTHE M 53 Independent

18 RAJU MAHADEVRAO SONONE M 38 Independent

19 VISHWANATH GOTUJI JAMNEKAR M 60 Independent

20 SUDHAKAR VYANKAT RAMTEKE (MAJI SAINIK) M 25 Independent

21 ADV. SUDHIR HIRAMAN TAYADE M 42 Independent

22 SUNIL PRABHU RAMTEKE M 37 Independent

S13 8 MH WARDHA 16-Apr-09 1 KANGALE BIPIN BABASAHEB M 32 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 DATTA MEGHE M 72 Indian National Congress

3 SURESH GANPATRAO WAGHMARE M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 DIWATE RAMESH MADHAORAO M 46 Krantisena Maharashtra

5 NARAYANRAO RAMJI CHIDAM M 68 Gondvana Gantantra Party

6 DR. NITIN KESHORAO CHAVAN M 46 Peoples Republican Party

7 PYARE SAHAB SHEIKH KARIM M 41 Democratic Secular Party

8 BHOSE KAILAS VISHWASRAO M 36 Gondwana Mukti Sena

9 ADV. SURESH SHINDE M 42 Indian Justice Party

10 SANGITA SUNIL ALIAS SONU KAMBLE F 33 Ambedkarist Republican Party

11 ISHWARKUMAR SHANKARRAO GHARPURE M 50 Independent

12 GUNWANT TUKARAMJI DAWANDE M 70 Independent

13 JAGANNATH NILKANTHRAO RAUT M 54 Independent

14 TAGADE VISHWESHWAR AWADHUTRAO M 47 Independent

15 RAMTEKE PRAKASH BAKARAM M 60 Independent

16 SARANG PRAKASHRAO YAWALKAR M 31 Independent

S13 9 MH RAMTEK 16-Apr-09 1 TUMANE KRUPAL BALAJI M 43 Shivsena

2 PRAKASHBHAU KISHAN TEMBHURNE M 34 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 WASNIK MUKUL BALKRISHNA M 49 Indian National Congress

4 KUMBHARE SULEKHA NARAYAN F 49 Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch

5 DESHPANDE SANJAY SAOJI M 44 Hindustan Janta Party

6 NAGARKAR PRASHANT HANSRAJ M 34 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

7 NANDKISHOR SADHUJI DONGRE M 34 Gondvana Gantantra Party

8 BAGDE SUJEET WASUDEORAO M 43 Janata Dal (Secular)

9 PROF. BORKAR PRADIP DARYAV M 48 Republican Paksha (Khoripa)

10 MAYATAI CHAWRE (UTWAL) F 37 Samajwadi Party

11 VISKAS RAJARAM DAMLE M 41 Republican Party of India (Khobragade)

12 SEEMA JEEVAN RAMTEKE F 36 Democratic Secular Party

13 SANDIP SHESHRAO GAJBHIYE M 36 Gondwana Mukti Sena

14 ASHISH ARUN NAGARARE M 28 Independent

15 KHUSHAL UDARAMJI TUMANE M 53 Independent

16 DHONE ANIL M 43 Independent

17 ADV. DUPARE ULHAS SHALIKRAM M 42 Independent

18 BARWE MADHUKAR DOMAJI M 43 Independent

19 ADV. YUVRAJ ANANDRAOJI BAGDE M 34 Independent

20 RURESH MANGALDAS BORKAR M 33 Independent

S13 10 MH NAGPUR 16-Apr-09 1 PUROHIT BANWARILAL BHAGWANDAS M 69 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 ENGINEER MANIKRAO VAIDYA M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 MUTTEMWAR VILASRAO BABURAOJI M 60 Indian National Congress

4 ARUN SHAMRAO JOSHI M 58 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

5 KUMBHARE SULEKHA NARAYAN F 49 Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch

6 ADV. GAJANAN SADASHIV KAWALE M 51 Republican Paksha (Khoripa)

7 DILIP MANGAL MADAVI M 44 Gondvana Gantantra Party

8 MEHMOOD KHAN RAHEEM KHAN M 27 Democratic Secular Party

9 DR. YASHWANT MANOHAR M 66 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

10 RAUT RAMESHCHANDRA M 56 Prabuddha Republican Party

11 RAJESH SUKHDEV GAIKWAD M 32 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

12 ADV. VASANTA UMRE M 50 Democratic Party of India

13 SOMKUWAR VIJAY SITARAM M 41 Ambedkarist Republican Party

14 AZIZUR REHMAN SHEIKH M 46 Independent

15 ASHISH ARUN NAGRARE M 28 Independent

16 ADV. UPASHA BANSI TAYWADE M 67 Independent

17 JAGDISH RAGHUNATH AMBADE M 44 Independent

18 PRATIBHA UDAY KHAPARDE F 35 Independent

19 PREMDAS RAMCHANDRA RAMTEKE M 48 Independent

20 BARPATRE CHANDRABHAN SOMAJI M 48 Independent

21 BLASAHEB ALIAS PRAMOD RAMAJI SHAMBHARKAR M 40 Independent

22 MOHAMAD HABIB REEZAVI M 50 Independent

23 RAJESHKUMAR MOHANLAL PUGALIA M 37 Independent

24 RAHUL MADHUKAR DESHMUKH M 34 Independent

25 VIJAY DEVRAO DHAKATE M 26 Independent

26 SUNIL GAYAPRASAD MISHRA M 41 Independent

27 PROF. DNYANESH WAKUDKAR M 52 Independent

S13 11 MH BHANDARA – GONDIYA 16-Apr-09 1 GANVIR SHIVKUMAR NAGARCHI M 56 Communist Party of India

2 JAISWAL VIRENDRAKUMAR KASTURCHAND M 53 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 PATLE SHISHUPAL NATTHUJI M 42 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 PATEL PRAFUL MANOHARBHAI M 52 Nationalist Congress Party

5 UNDIRWADE HEMANT JAGIVAN M 45 Prabuddha Republican Party

6 JAMAIWAR SUNIL PARASRAM M 38 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7 PATHAN MUSHTAK LATIF M 32 Democratic Secular Party

8 PRATIBHA VASANT PIMPALKAR F 38 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

9 WASNIK SUNIL MANIRAM M 38 Republican Paksha (Khoripa)

10 UKEY CHINDHUJI LAKHAJI M 50 Independent

11 GAJBHIYE BRAMHASWARUP BABURAO M 33 Independent

12 GAJBHIYE RAJENDRA MAHADEO M 35 Independent

13 ADV. DHANANJAY SHAMLALJI RAJABHOJ M 50 Independent

14 NANABHAU FALGUNRAO PATOLE M 47 Independent

15 PATLE AKARSING SITARAM M 36 Independent

16 PROF. DR. BHASKARRAO MAHADEORAO JIBHAKATE M 63 Independent

17 MIRZA WAHIDBEG AHAMADBEG M 33 Independent

18 YELE GANESHRAM SUKHRAM M 54 Independent

19 RAHANGADALE MULCHAND OLGAN M 56 Independent

20 DR. RAMSAJIVAN KAWDU LILHARE M 60 Independent

21 SADANAND SHRAWANJI GANVIR M 40 Independent

S13 12 MH GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR 16-Apr-09 1 ASHOK MAHADEORAO NETE M 45 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 ATRAM RAJE SATYAWANRAO M 58 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 KOWASE MAROTRAO SAINUJI M 59 Indian National Congress

4 NAMDEO ANANDRAO KANNAKE M 50 Communist Party of India

5 PROFFESOR KHANDALE KAWDU TULSHIRAM M 69 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

6 ADV. DADMAL PRABHAKAR MAHAGUJI M 54 Peoples Republican Party

7 PENDAM DIWAKAR GULAB M 38 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

8 PENDAM PURUSHOTTAM ZITUJI M 35 Democratic Secular Party

9 VIJAY SURAJSING MADAVI M 39 Gondvana Gantantra Party

10 JAMBHULE NARAYAN DINABAJI M 54 Independent

11 DINESH TUKARAM MADAVI M 28 Independent

S13 13 MH CHANDRAPUR 16-Apr-09 1 AHIR HANSARAJ GANGARAM M 54 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 PUGALIA NARESH M 60 Indian National Congress

3 ADV. HAZARE DATTABHAU KRUSHNARAO M 52 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 KHARTAD LOMESH MAROTI M 55 Rashtrawadi Sena

5 KHOBRAGADE DESHAK GIRISHBABU M 38 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6 CHATAP WAMAN SADASHIVRAO M 58 Swatantra Bharat Paksha

7 JAWED ABDUL KURESHI ALIAS PROF. JAWED PASHA M 47 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

8 JITENDRA ADAKU RAUT M 32 Akhil Bhartiya Manavata Paksha

9 DANGE NATTHU BHAURAO M 41 Ambedkarist Republican Party

10 PATHAN A. RAZZAK KHAN HAYAT KHAN M 44 Samajwadi Party

11 MASRAM NIRANJAN SHIVRAM M 42 Gondvana Gantantra Party

12 KALE DAMODHAR LAXMAN M 85 Independent

13 QURESHI IKHALAQ MOHD. YUSUF M 51 Independent

14 GODE NARAYAN SHAHUJI M 42 Independent

15 DEKATE BHASKAR PARASHRAM M 55 Independent

16 MADHUKAR VITTHALRAO NISTANE M 43 Independent

17 MESHRAM CHARANDAS JANGLUJI M 65 Independent

18 RAMESH RAGHOBAJI TAJNE M 45 Independent

19 VINOD DINANATH MESHRAM M 34 Independent

20 VIRENDRA TARACHANDJI PUGLIA M 53 Independent

21 SHATRUGHN VYANKATRAO SONPIMPLE M 37 Independent

22 SANJAY NILKANTH GAWANDE M 45 Independent

23 HIWARKAR SUDHIR MOTIRAMJI M 43 Independent

S13 14 MH YAVATMAL-WASHIM 16-Apr-09 1 YEDATKAR DILIP LAXMANRAO M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 BHAVANA GAWALI (PATIL) F 36 Shivsena

3 HARISING RATHOD M 54 Indian National Congress

4 UTTAM BHAGAJI KAMBLE M 41 Prabuddha Republican Party

5 KURESHI SK. MEHBUB SK.FATTU M 44 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6 KWAJA NASIRODDINE KHAN M 29 Democratic Secular Party

7 GAJANAN KASHIRAM PATIL (HEMBADE) M 26 Krantisena Maharashtra

8 DHAGE VITTHAL MAHADEV M 45 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

9 MANIYAR YUNUS MAHMOOD ZAHMI M 50 Assam United Democratic Front

10 MOHMMAD KHAN AZIZ KHAN M 43 Samajwadi Party

11 ATHAWALE SADANAND PRALHADRAO M 39 Independent

12 GAJANAN BURMAL DODWADE M 36 Independent

13 NETAJI SITARAMJI KINAKE M 58 Independent

14 NANDKISHOR NARAYANRAO THAKARE M 34 Independent

15 PAWAR RAMESH GORSING M 53 Independent

16 PURUSHOTTAM DOMAJI BHAJGAWRE M 48 Independent

17 MADHUKAR SHIVDASPPA GORATE M 67 Independent

18 MANOJ JANARDAN PATIL M 38 Independent

19 MUKHADE SAU. LALITARAI SUBHASHRAO F 32 Independent

20 MESHRAM BANDU GANPAT M 40 Independent

21 MOHD. INAMURRAHIM MOHD. MUSA M 51 Independent

22 RAVINDRA ALIAS RAVIPAL MADHUKARRAO GANDHE M 32 Independent

23 RAJKUMAR NARAYAN BHUJADALE M 35 Independent

24 RATHOD DEVISING RAMA M 56 Independent

25 SD. VHIDODDIN SD. KRIMODDIN M 44 Independent

26 VISHNU KASINATH TAWKAR M 47 Independent

27 SURESH BABAN PEDEKAR M 33 Independent

28 SURESH BHIVA TARAL M 29 Independent

S13 15 MH HINGOLI 16-Apr-09 1 DR. B.D. CHAVHAN M 45 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 SUBHASH BAPURAO WANDHEDE M 46 Shivsena

3 SURYAKANTA JAIWANTRAO PATIL F 63 Nationalist Congress Party

4 UTTAMRAO DAGADUJI BHAGAT M 65 Prabuddha Republican Party

5 AJAS NOORMINYA M 32 Democratic Secular Party

6 NAIK MADHAVRAO BAHENARAO M 65 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

7 VINAYAK SHRIRAM BHISE M 27 Krantisena Maharashtra

8 GUNDEKAR SANJAY ADELU M 35 Independent

9 PATHAN SATTAR KASIMKHAN M 38 Independent

10 PACHPUTE RAMPRASAD KISHANRAO M 41 Independent

11 MD. A. MUJIM ANSARI A. M 33 Independent

S13 16 MH NANDED 16-Apr-09 1 KHATGAONK PATIL BHASKARRAO BAPURAO M 65 Indian National Congress

2 MD. MAKBUL SALIM HAJI MD. KHAJA M 60 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SAMBHAJI PAWAR M 60 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 ALTAF AHMAD EAKBAL AHMAD M 43 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5 KHADE SANJAY WAMANRAO M 29 Prabuddha Republican Party

6 TIWARI RAMA BHAGIRAT F 40 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7 ADV. C.S. BAHETI M 56 Janata Party

8 MORE RAJESH EKNATHRAO M 34 Krantisena Maharashtra

9 A. RAEES A. JABBAR M 36 Ambedkar National Congress

10 SHINDE PREETI MADHUKAR F 27 Jan Surajya Shakti

11 SHUDHIR YASHWANT SURVE M 40 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

12 COM. ASHOK NAGORAO GHAYALE M 40 Independent

13 ANAND JADHAV HOTALKAR M 42 Independent

14 KOREWAR BALAJI NARSING M 38 Independent

15 JADHAV VISHNU MAROTI M 35 Independent

16 NAVGHARE ANAND PANDURANG M 48 Independent

17 NARAYAN SURYAVANSHI DOANGONKAR M 63 Independent

18 PATHAN ZAFAR ALI KHAN MAHEMUD ALI KHAN M 63 Independent

19 ‘AIDS MAN’ PRAKASH TATERAO LANDGE M 40 Independent

20 BHARANDE RAMCHANDRA GANGARAM M 31 Independent

21 ADV. RAMRAO PANDURANG WAGHMARE M 52 Independent

22 HANMANTE VIJAY CHANDRAO M 35 Independent

S13 17 MH PARBHANI 16-Apr-09 1 ADV. DUDHGAONKAR GANESHRAO NAGORAO M 64 Shivsena

2 RAJSHRI BABASAHEB JAMAGE F 46 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 WARPUDKAR SURESH AMBADASRAO M 60 Nationalist Congress Party

4 AJIM AHMED KHAN AJIJ KHAN M 32 Democratic Secular Party

5 ASHOKRAO BABARAO AMBHORE M 46 Ambedkar National Congress

6 KACHOLE MANAVENDRA SAWALARAM M 65 Swatantra Bharat Paksha

7 KALE VYANKATRAO BHIMRAO M 31 Krantisena Maharashtra

8 NAMDEV LIMBAJI KACHAVE M 68 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

9 BHAND GANGADHAR SAKHARAM M 70 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

10 MULE BABAN DATTARAO M 41 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

11 RUMALE TUKARAM DHONDIBA M 51 Prabuddha Republican Party

12 SAYYAD EKRAMODDIN SAYYAD MUNIRODDIN M 58 Lok Vikas Party

13 ASAD BIN ABDULLAHA BIN M 43 Independent

14 JAMEEL AHMED SK. AHMED M 44 Independent

15 DR. DESHMUKH KISHANRAO JANARDHANRAO (EX-SERVICEMAN) M 74 Independent

16 RATHOD RAMRAO DHANSING SIR M 58 Independent

17 SHINDE LAXMAN EKANATH M 36 Independent

18 SAMAR GORAKHNATH PAWAR M 41 Independent

19 SALVE SUDHAKAR UMAJI M 47 Independent

S14 2 MN OUTER MANIPUR 16-Apr-09 1 THANGSO BAITE M 56 Indian National Congress

2 D. LOLI ADANEE M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 L.B. SONA M 58 Nationalist Congress Party

4 M. JAMKHONGAM @ M. YAMKHONGAM HAOKIP M 49 Rashtriya Janata Dal

5 THANGKHANGIN M 53 Lok Jan Shakti Party

6 MANI CHARENAMEI M 50 Peoples Democratic Alliance

7 VALLEY ROSE HUNGYO F 53 Independent

8 MANGSHI (ROSE MANGSHI HAOKIP) F 63 Independent

9 LAMLALMOI GANGTE M 33 Independent

S15 1 ML SHILLONG 16-Apr-09 1 DALINGTON DYMPEP M 78 Communist Party of India

2 JOHN FILMORE KHARSHIING M 46 United Democratic Party

3 VINCENT H PALA M 41 Indian National Congress

4 P. B. M. BASAIAWMOIT M 60 Hill State People’s Democratic Party

5 MARTLE N.MUKHIM M 59 Meghalaya Democratic Party

6 DENIS SIANGSHAI M 44 Independent

7 TIEROD PASSAH M 45 Independent

S15 2 ML TURA 16-Apr-09 1 AGATHA K. SANGMA F 28 Nationalist Congress Party

2 DEBORA C. MARAK F 43 Indian National Congress

3 BOSTON MARAK M 28 A-Chik National Congress(Democratic)

4 ARLENE N. SANGMA F 53 Independent

S16 1 MZ MIZORAM 16-Apr-09 1 LALAWMPUIA CHHANGTE M 42 Nationalist Congress Party

2 C.L.RUALA M 72 Indian National Congress

3 DR. H. LALLUNGMUANA M 65 Independent

4 RUALPAWLA M 54 Independent

S17 1 NL NAGALAND 16-Apr-09 1 K. ASUNGBA SANGTAM M 62 Indian National Congress

2 C.M. CHANG M 65 Nagaland Peoples Front

3 DR. RILANTHUNG ODYUO M 39 All India Trinamool Congress

S18 1 OR BARGARH 16-Apr-09 1 RADHARANI PANDA F 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 SANJAY BHOI M 35 Indian National Congress

3 SUNIL KUMAR AGRAWAL M 37 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 DR. HAMID HUSSAIN M 54 Biju Janata Dal

5 NILADRI BEHARI PANDA M 29 Kosal Kranti Dal

6 SURENDRA KUMAR AGRAWAL M 37 Independent

S18 2 OR SUNDARGARH 16-Apr-09 1 JUAL ORAM M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 JEROM DUNGDUNG M 39 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 LIVNUS KINDO M 64 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

4 SALOMI MINZ F 48 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 HEMANANDA BISWAL M 67 Indian National Congress

6 RAMA CHANDRA EKKA M 61 Jharkhand Disom Party

7 SAGAR SING MANKEE M 60 Kosal Kranti Dal

8 DALESWAR MAJHI M 58 Independent

9 MANSID EKKA M 63 Independent

S18 3 OR SAMBALPUR 16-Apr-09 1 AMARNATH PRADHAN M 51 Indian National Congress

2 GOBINDA RAM AGARWAL M 59 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 ROHIT PUJARI M 35 Biju Janata Dal

4 SURENDRA LATH M 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 ASHOK KUMAR NAIK M 53 Kosal Kranti Dal

6 BIJAYA KUMAR MAHANANDA M 35 Republican Party of India

7 MD. ALI HUSSAIN M 37 Independent

S18 10 OR BOLANGIR 16-Apr-09 1 KALIKESH NARAYAN SINGH DEO M 34 Biju Janata Dal

2 NARASINGHA MISHRA M 68 Indian National Congress

3 BALHAN SAGAR M 51 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SANGITA KUMARI SINGH DEO F 47 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 DINGAR KUMBHAR M 41 Samruddha Odisha

S18 11 OR KALAHANDI 16-Apr-09 1 NAKULA MAJHI M 66 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 BIKRAM KESHARI DEO M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 BHAKTA CHARAN DAS M 52 Indian National Congress

4 SUBASH CHANDRA NAYAK M 62 Biju Janata Dal

5 PARAMESWAR KAND M 47 Samajwadi Party

6 BALARAM HOTA M 33 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7 DAMBARUDHARA SUNANI M 34 Independent

8 MAHESWAR BHOI M 36 Independent

S18 12 OR NABARANGPUR 16-Apr-09 1 CHANDRADHWAJ MAJHI M 49 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 DOMBURU MAJHI M 68 Biju Janata Dal

3 PARSURAM MAJHI M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 PRADEEP KUMAR MAJHI M 33 Indian National Congress

S18 13 OR KANDHAMAL 16-Apr-09 1 ASHOK SAHU M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 PAULA BALIARSING M 52 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 RUDRAMADHAB RAY M 71 Biju Janata Dal

4 SUZIT KUMAR PADHI M 49 Indian National Congress

5 NAKUL NAYAK M 46 Samajwadi Party

6 AJIT KUMAR NAYAK M 26 Independent

7 KAMALA KANTA PANDEY M 64 Independent

8 GHORABANA BEHERA M 42 Independent

9 DEENABANDHU NAIK M 45 Independent

S18 19 OR ASKA 16-Apr-09 1 NITYANANDA PRADHAN M 65 Biju Janata Dal

2 RAMACHANDRA RATH M 63 Indian National Congress

3 SHANTI DEVI F 71 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 KRISHNA DALABEHERA M 43 Kalinga Sena

5 BIJAYA KUMAR MAHAPATRO M 56 Revolutionary Socialist Party

6 SURJYA NARAYAN SAHU M 37 Samruddha Odisha

7 KALICHARAN NAYAK M 53 Independent

8 DEBASIS MISRA M 48 Independent

9 K. SHYAM BABU SUBUDHI M 73 Independent

S18 20 OR BERHAMPUR 16-Apr-09 1 CHANDRA SEKHAR SAHU M 58 Indian National Congress

2 PABITRA GAMANGO M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 BHARAT PAIK M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 SIDHANT MAHAPATRA M 42 Biju Janata Dal

5 NIRAKAR BEHERA M 35 Kalinga Sena

6 ALI RAZA ZIADI M 30 Independent

7 KISHORE CHANDRA MAHARANA M 61 Independent

8 A. RAGHUNATH VARMA M 71 Independent

9 K. SHYAM BABU SUBUDHI M 73 Independent

S18 21 OR KORAPUT 16-Apr-09 1 UPENDRA MAJHI M 29 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 GIRIDHAR GAMANG M 56 Indian National Congress

3 JAYARAM PANGI M 53 Biju Janata Dal

4 PAPANNA MUTIKA M 65 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 KUMUDINI DISARI F 34 Samruddha Odisha

6 MEGHANADA SABAR M 40 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

S24 63 UP MAHARAJGANJ 16-Apr-09 1 AJEET MANI M 41 Samajwadi Party

2 GANESH SHANKER PANDEY M 51 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 PANKAJ CHAUDHARY M 38 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 HARSH VARDHAN M 61 Indian National Congress

5 ABDWURRUF ANSARI M 45 National Lokhind Party

6 PAWAN KUMAR M 39 Republican Party of India (A)

7 RAM KISHUN NISHAD M 52 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

8 SATYA NARAYAN URF SATNARAYAN M 58 Bharatiya Eklavya Party

9 OMPRAKASH CHATURVEDI M 63 Independent

10 DILIP KUMAR M 28 Independent

11 RAM NIVAS M 37 Independent

12 LAL BIHARI M 42 Independent

13 CHAUDHARY SANJAY SINGH PATEL M 29 Independent

14 SHYAM SUNDER DAS CHAURASIA M 28 Independent

15 HANUMAN M 51 Independent

S24 64 UP GORAKHPUR 16-Apr-09 1 ADITYANATH M 36 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 MANOJ TIWARI MRIDUL M 39 Samajwadi Party

3 LALCHAND NISHAD M 67 Indian National Congress

4 VINAY SHANKAR TIWARI M 41 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 AMAN M 35 Ambedkar Samaj Party

6 JOKHAN PRASAD M 46 Eklavya Samaj Party

7 DAYASHANKAR NISHAD M 38 Apna Dal

8 RAJBAHADUR M 28 Indian Justice Party

9 RAJMANI M 46 Bharatiya Eklavya Party

10 RAJESH SAHANI M 44 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

11 SRINATH M 29 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

12 AJAY KUMAR M 40 Independent

13 AWADHESH SINGH M 32 Independent

14 OMPRAKASH SINGH M 43 Independent

15 GOVIND M 43 Independent

16 CHHEDILAL M 59 Independent

17 NIRANJAN PRASAD M 35 Independent

18 NEERAJ YADAV M 31 Independent

19 DR. BRIJESH MANI TRIPATHI M 44 Independent

20 MANOJ TIWARI M 30 Independent

21 RAKESH KUMAR M 38 Independent

22 RAJAN YADAV M.B.A. M 31 Independent

23 RAMHIT NISHAD M 53 Independent

24 LAL BAHADUR M 68 Independent

25 VINOD SHUKLA M 29 Independent

26 HARISHCHANDRA M 42 Independent

S24 65 UP KUSHI NAGAR 16-Apr-09 1 BRAMHA SHANKER M 56 Samajwadi Party

2 KU. RATANJEET PRATAP NARAYAN SINGH M 45 Indian National Congress

3 VIJAY DUBEY M 41 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 SWAMI PRASAD MAURYA M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 ANIL M 43 Republican Party of India (A)

6 KISHOR KUMAR M 40 Indian Peace Party

7 K KUMAR M 56 Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal

8 JANGI M 55 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

9 DHEERAJ SHEKHAR SHRIWASTAWA M 49 Rashtriya Lokwadi Party

10 BABU LAL M 40 Bharatiya Republican Paksha

11 MATIULLAH M 43 National Lokhind Party

12 MADAN LAL M 46 Maulik Adhikar Party

13 AMEERUDDIN M 31 Independent

14 JAGDISH M 57 Independent

15 JAI GOVIND M 35 Independent

16 DAROGA M 37 Independent

17 RAMESH M 35 Independent

18 RAM BRIKSH M 54 Independent

S24 66 UP DEORIA 16-Apr-09 1 GORAKH PRASAD JAISWAL M 72 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 BALESHWAR YADAV M 55 Indian National Congress

3 MOHAN SINGH M 58 Samajwadi Party

4 SHRI PRAKASH MANI TRIPATHI M 64 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 GANGA PRASAD KUSHWAHA M 70 Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal

6 JAGDISH KUMAR VERMA M 36 Lokpriya Samaj Party

7 DHARMENDRA KUMAR M 33 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

8 MOTI LAL KUSHWAHA SHASTRI M 59 Rashtriya Samanta Dal

9 SAFAYAT ALI M 51 Peace Party

10 SARITA F 27 Ambedkar Samaj Party

11 RAM KISHOR YADAV ALIAS VIDHAYAK M 51 Independent

12 VIJAY JUAATHA M 42 Independent

S24 67 UP BANSGAON 16-Apr-09 1 KAMLESH PASWAN M 33 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 MAHA BEER PRASAD M 66 Indian National Congress

3 SHARADA DEVI F 59 Samajwadi Party

4 SHREE NATH JI M 58 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 CHANDRIKA M 29 Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)

6 RAMA SHANKER M 37 Peace Party

7 RAM PRAVESH PRASAD M 37 Eklavya Samaj Party

8 HARILAL M 32 Bahujan Uday Manch

9 KU. KUNJAWATI F 36 Independent

10 MANOJ KUMAR M 29 Independent

11 RADHEYSHYAM M 35 Independent

12 RAMKAWAL M 56 Independent

13 RAMSAKAL M 32 Independent

14 RAMA PASWAN M 33 Independent

15 VINAI KUMAR M 33 Independent

S24 68 UP LALGANJ 16-Apr-09 1 DAROGA PRASAD SAROJ M 60 Samajwadi Party

2 NEELAM SONKAR F 33 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 DR. BALIRAM M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 HAREE PRASAD SONKER M 50 Communist Party of India

5 MANBHAWAN M 32 Bharatiya Republican Paksha

6 RAM DAYAL ALIAS MOHAN M 32 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

7 ACHCHHELAL M 42 Independent

8 URMILA DEVI F 27 Independent

9 CHANDRA RAM ALIAS CHANDU SAROJ M 36 Independent

10 DHARMRAJ M 55 Independent

11 SUKHNAYAN M 29 Independent

S24 69 UP AZAMGARH 16-Apr-09 1 AKBAR AHMAD DUMPY M 57 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 ARUN KUMAR SINGH M 63 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3 DURGA PRASAD YADAV M 56 Samajwadi Party

4 RAMAKANT YADAV M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH M 49 Indian National Congress

6 JAI JAI RAM PRAJAPATI M 36 Lokpriya Samaj Party

7 RAM BHAROS M 34 Bahujan Uday Manch

8 VINOD M 33 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

9 USMANA FARUQEE F 27 Independent

10 KEDAR NATH GIRI M 49 Independent

11 KHAIRUL BASHAR M 56 Independent

12 DR. JAVED AKHTAR M 54 Independent

13 DAAN BAHADUR YADAV M 54 Independent

14 YADUNATH M 31 Independent

15 RAM UJAGIR M 45 Independent

16 RAM SINGH M 35 Independent

S24 70 UP GHOSI 16-Apr-09 1 ATUL KUMAR SINGH ANJAN M 55 Communist Party of India

2 ARSHAD JAMAL ANSARI M 43 Samajwadi Party

3 DARA SINGH CHAUHAN M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 RAM IQBAL M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 SUDHA RAI F 54 Indian National Congress

6 AKHILESH M 43 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

7 KAILASH YADAV M 46 Peace Party

8 RAMESH ALIAS RAJU SINGH M 41 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

9 RAM BADAN KAUL M 60 Bahujan Shakty

10 LALJI RAJBHAR M 44 Bharatiya Samaj Dal

11 HARISH CHANDRA M 62 Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)

12 ASHOK KUMAR M 27 Independent

13 ZAKIR HUSSAIN M 45 Independent

14 PALAKDHARI M 41 Independent

15 RAKESH M 34 Independent

16 SUJIT KUMAR M 34 Independent

S24 71 UP SALEMPUR 16-Apr-09 1 DR. BHOLA PANDEY M 55 Indian National Congress

2 RAMASHANKAR RAJBHAR M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 HARIKEWAL M 71 Samajwadi Party

4 IZHAR M 48 Peace Party

5 ZUBAIR M 39 Nelopa(United)

6 JANG BAHADUR M 50 Bharatiya Samaj Dal

7 FATE BAHADUR M 35 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

8 RAVISHANKAR SINGH “PAPPU” M 38 Janata Dal (United)

9 RAMCHARAN M 72 People’s Democratic Front

10 RAMDAYAL M 57 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

11 RAMNAWAMI YADAV M 37 Samajwadi Jan Parishad

12 RAMASHRAY CHAUHAN M 55 Moderate Party

13 SRIRAM M 50 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

14 HARISHCHAND M 48 Eklavya Samaj Party

15 AMEER M 53 Independent

16 PARASURAM M 56 Independent

17 FULENDRA M 40 Independent

18 MAN JI M 50 Independent

19 MAHESH M 70 Independent

20 RAJENDRA ALIAS RAJAN M 33 Independent

21 VINDHACHAL M 44 Independent

22 SHAILENDRA M 36 Independent

23 SATISH M 37 Independent

24 SARVDAMAN M 26 Independent

25 SANJAY M 36 Independent

S24 72 UP BALLIA 16-Apr-09 1 NEERAJ SHEKHAR M 40 Samajwadi Party

2 MANOJ SINHA M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 SANGRAM SINGH YADAV M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 ARVIND KUMAR GOND M 30 Gondvana Gantantra Party

5 KANHAIYA PRAJAPATI M 44 Rashtriya Samanta Dal

6 NARAYAN RAJBHAR M 32 Bharatiya Samaj Dal

7 RAJESH M 40 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

8 RAMSAKAL M 48 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

9 ANANT M 36 Independent

10 GANGADYAL M 48 Independent

11 DIWAKAR M 38 Independent

12 RAMJI M 49 Independent

13 LALBABU M 36 Independent

14 SHESHNATH M 40 Independent

15 SHANKER RAM RAWAT M 43 Independent

16 HARIHAR M 73 Independent

S24 74 UP MACHHLISHAHR 16-Apr-09 1 KAMLA KANT GAUTAM (K.K. GAUTAM) M 66 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 TUFANI SAROJ M 48 Samajwadi Party

3 RAJ BAHADUR M 66 Indian National Congress

4 VIDYASAGAR SONKER M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 KRISHNA SEWAK SONKER M 48 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

6 RAM CHARITRA M 41 Apna Dal

7 VIJAYEE RAM M 38 Ambedkar Samaj Party

8 SHEOMURAT RAM M 71 Gondvana Gantantra Party

9 SUKHRAJ DINKAR M 51 Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

10 SUSHMA F 29 Rashtriya Agraniye Dal

11 DINESH KUMAR M 31 Independent

12 BALJIT M 59 Independent

13 RAM DAWAR GAUTAM M 41 Independent

14 VINOD KUMAR M 40 Independent

15 SHYAM BIHARI KANNAUJIYA M 39 Independent

16 SOHAN M 46 Independent

S24 75 UP GHAZIPUR 16-Apr-09 1 AFZAL ANSARI M 55 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 PRABHUNATH M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RADHEY MOHAN SINGH M 43 Samajwadi Party

4 SURAJ RAM BAGI M 52 Communist Party of India

5 ISHWARI PRASAD KUSHAWAHA M 48 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6 DINESH M 42 Rashtriya Samanta Dal

7 NANDLAL M 67 Ambedkar Samaj Party

8 SHYAM NARAYAN M 54 Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

9 SATISH SHANKAR JAISAWAL M 28 National Lokhind Party

10 SARAJU M 67 Lok Dal

11 SURENDRA M 43 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

12 ANIL M 32 Independent

13 ASHOK (DR.ASHOK KUMAR SRIVASTAVA) M 54 Independent

14 BRAJENDRA NATH URF BIJENDRA M 66 Independent

15 RAJESH M 37 Independent

S24 76 UP CHANDAULI 16-Apr-09 1 KAILASH NATH SINGH YADAV M 46 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 JAWAHAR LAL JAISAWAL M 51 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RAMKISHUN M 49 Samajwadi Party

4 SHAILENDRA KUMAR M 40 Indian National Congress

5 CHANDRASHEKHAR M 34 Republican Party of India

6 JAWAHIR M 48 Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

7 JOKHU M 45 Peoples Democratic Forum

8 TULASI M 42 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

9 RAJNATH M 35 Bharatiya Republican Paksha

10 RAJESH SINGH M 27 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

11 RAMAWATAR SHARMA ADVOCATE M 38 Maulik Adhikar Party

12 RAMSEWAK YADAV M 46 Rashtriya Lokhit Party

13 LALLAN M 49 Indian Justice Party

14 SURENDRA PRATAP M 36 Jai Bharat Samanta Party

15 DEVAROO M 40 Independent

16 MUNNI LAL M 66 Independent

17 SURAFARAJ AHMAD M 29 Independent

18 HARI LAL M 52 Independent

S24 77 UP VARANASI 16-Apr-09 1 AJAY RAI M 36 Samajwadi Party

2 MUKHTAR ANSARI M 49 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 DR. MURLI MANOHAR JOSHI M 73 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 DR. RAJESH KUMAR MISHRA M 48 Indian National Congress

5 AWADHESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA M 43 Rashtriya Samanta Dal

6 USHA SINGH F 45 Rashtriya Agraniye Dal

7 KISHUN LAL M 59 Indian Justice Party

8 VIJAY PRAKASH JAISWAL M 43 Apna Dal

9 ER. SHYAM LAL VISHWAKARMA M 61 Maulik Adhikar Party

10 ANAND KUMAR AMBASTHA M 36 Independent

11 NARENDRA NATH DUBEY ADIG M 36 Independent

12 PARVEZ QUADIR KHAN M 38 Independent

13 PUSHP RAJ SAHU M 47 Independent

14 RAJESH BHARTI M 33 Independent

15 SATYA PRAKASH SRIVASTAVA M 37 Independent

S24 79 UP MIRZAPUR 16-Apr-09 1 ANIL KUMAR MAURYA M 37 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 ANURAG SINGH M 42 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 BAL KUMAR PATEL M 48 Samajwadi Party

4 RAMESH DUBEY M 66 Indian National Congress

5 AJAY SHANKER M 33 Gondwana Mukti Sena

6 KAILASH M 48 Bahujan Shakty

7 KHELADI M 58 Gondvana Gantantra Party

8 JAGDISH M 49 Apna Dal

9 PREM CHAND M 45 Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

10 RADHE SHYAM M 58 Bharatiya Republican Paksha

11 LALJI M 48 Rashtriya Agraniye Dal

12 LALTI DEVI F 54 Vikas Party

13 SHANKAR M 38 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

14 SHYAM LAL M 41 Eklavya Samaj Party

15 MOHD. SAGIR M 41 National Loktantrik Party

16 TRILOK NATH VERMA M 61 Indian Justice Party

17 ANOOP KUMAR M 34 Independent

18 KRISHNA CHAND M 40 Independent

19 KRISHNA CHAND SHUKLA M 40 Independent

20 CHHABEELE M 41 Independent

21 DANGAR M 52 Independent

22 DULARI F 61 Independent

23 MANIK CHAND M 37 Independent

24 MUNNA LAL M 34 Independent

25 RAM GOPAL M 53 Independent

26 RAM RAJ M 37 Independent

27 HANS KUMAR M 37 Independent

S24 80 UP ROBERTSGANJ 16-Apr-09 1 PAKAURI LAL M 57 Samajwadi Party

2 RAM ADHAR JOSEPH M 43 Indian National Congress

3 RAM CHANDRA TYAGI M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 RAM SHAKAL M 47 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 GULAB M 31 Peoples Democratic Forum

6 CHANDRA SHEKHAR M 34 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

7 MUNNI DEVI F 42 Rashtriya Samanta Dal

8 RAMESH KUMAR M 31 Apna Dal

9 SHRAWAN KUMAR M 41 Rashtrawadi Sena

10 RAMBRIKSHA M 39 Independent

S26 1 CG SARGUJA 16-Apr-09 1 DHAN SINGH DHURVE M 38 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 BAL SINGH M 38 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3 BHANU PRATAP SINGH M 42 Indian National Congress

4 MURARILAL SINGH M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 ANOOP MINJ M 28 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

6 KUMAIT B.D.O. M 64 Janata Dal (United)

7 BHUPNATH SINGH MARAVI M 43 Gondvana Gantantra Party

8 RAMDEO LAKRA M 32 Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

9 RAMNATH CHERWA M 36 Shoshit Samaj Dal

10 SOMNATH BHAGAT M 46 Lok Jan Shakti Party

11 AMRIT SINGH MARAVI M 35 Independent

12 JUGESHWAR M 29 Independent

13 DHANESHWAR SINGH M 39 Independent

14 SARJU XESS ORANW M 43 Independent

15 SUNIL KUMAR SINGH KANHARE M 27 Independent

16 SURAJ DEO SINGH KHAIRWAR M 35 Independent

S26 2 CG RAIGARH 16-Apr-09 1 BAHADUR SINGH RATHIA M 57 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 VISHNU DEO SAI M 45 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 HRIDAYARAM RATHIYA M 43 Indian National Congress

4 DARSHAN SIDAR M 32 Gondvana Gantantra Party

5 MEERA DEVI SINGH TIRKEY F 39 Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

6 SHIRACHAND EKKA M 29 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

7 AMRIT TIRKEY M 30 Independent

8 KAMRISH SINGH GOND M 59 Independent

9 SANJAY TIRKEY M 29 Independent

10 HALDHAR RAM SIDAR M 42 Independent

S26 3 CG JANJGIR-CHAMPA 16-Apr-09 1 SHRIMATI KAMLA DEVI PATLE F 43 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 DAURAM RATNAKAR M 51 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 DR.SHIVKUMAR DAHARIYA M 45 Indian National Congress

4 B.R. CHAUHAN M 59 Republican Party of India (A)

5 NEELKANTH WARE M 59 Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party

6 PREM SHANKAR MAHILANGE URF PREM INDIA M 39 Lok Jan Shakti Party

7 SANJEEV KUMAR KHARE M 26 Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

8 ANANDRAM GILHARE M 35 Independent

9 CHAITRAM SURYAVANSHI M 62 Independent

10 DR.CHHAVILAL RATRE M 55 Independent

11 MAYARAM NAT M 50 Independent

12 RAMCHARAN PRADHAN ADHIWAKTA M 51 Independent

S26 4 CG KORBA 16-Apr-09 1 KARUNA SHUKLA F 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 CHARANDAS MAHANT M 54 Indian National Congress

3 VIJAY LAXMI SHARMA F 41 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 KEDARNATH RAJWADE M 28 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5 CHAITI DEVI MAHANT F 49 Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party

6 BUDHWAR SINGH UIKEY M 34 Rashtriya Gondvana Party

7 DR. VIPIN SINHA M 40 Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

8 SANGEETA NIRMALKAR F 32 Bharatiya Pichhra Dal

9 HIRASINGH MARKAAM M 74 Gondvana Gantantra Party

10 GEND DAS MAHANT M 35 Independent

11 CHARAN DAS M 25 Independent

12 PAWAN KUMAR M 38 Independent

13 FULESHWAR PRASAD SURJAIHA M 75 Independent

14 RAMDAYAL ORAON M 49 Independent

15 RAMLAKHAN KASHI M 68 Independent

16 SHAMBHU PRASAD SHARMA ADHIWAKTA M 62 Independent

17 SATRUPA F 37 Independent

18 SANTOSH BANJARE M 25 Independent

S26 5 CG BILASPUR 16-Apr-09 1 DILIP SINGH JUDEV M 60 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 ADVOCATE T.R.NIRALA M 42 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 DR.RENU JOGI F 56 Indian National Congress

4 UTTAM PRASAD DANSENA M 27 Sunder Samaj Party

5 DR.GOJU PAUL M 40 Republican Party of India (A)

6 DR.BALMUKUND SINGH MARAVI M 41 Gondvana Gantantra Party

7 BALARAM SAHU M 46 Bharatiya Pichhra Dal

8 MUKESH KUMAR SAHU M 32 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

9 SAPNA CHAKRABORTY F 37 Lok Jan Shakti Party

10 ARJUN SHRIVAS GANGUAA M 63 Independent

11 ANUJ DHRITLAHRE M 34 Independent

12 ABDUL HAMID SIDDIQUE M 43 Independent

13 ASHOK SHRIVASTAVA M 37 Independent

14 UMESH SINGH M 31 Independent

15 TUKLAL GARG M 40 Independent

16 DAYA DAS LAHRE M 65 Independent

17 DR.DAYA RAM DAYAL M 60 Independent

18 DILIP KUMAR M 30 Independent

19 DILIP GUPTA M 38 Independent

20 DILIP SINGH M 41 Independent

21 MANOJ KUMAR BIRKO M 34 Independent

22 RAMESH AHUJA M 43 Independent

23 RAMESH KUMAR LAHARE M 36 Independent

24 RAJENDRA SAHU M 29 Independent

25 RAJESH PRATAP M 32 Independent

26 RAMBILAS SHARMA M 52 Independent

27 B.P.VISWAKARMA M 57 Independent

28 SHYAM BIHARI TRIVEDI M 56 Independent

S26 6 CG RAJNANDGAON 16-Apr-09 1 DEVWRAT SINGH M 39 Indian National Congress

2 PRADHUMAN NETAM M 32 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 MADHUSUDAN YADAV M 38 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 GANGARAM NISHAD M 48 Eklavya Samaj Party

5 NARAD KHOTHALIYA M 48 Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

6 AJAY JAISWAL M 35 Independent

7 AJAY PALI M 32 Independent

8 JALAL MOHAMMAD QURESHI M 45 Independent

9 DERHARAM LODHI M 37 Independent

10 DILIP RATHOR SAMPADAK M 40 Independent

11 BHAG CHAND VAIDHYA M 48 Independent

12 MADAN YADAV M 34 Independent

13 MANGAL DAS BANGARE M 52 Independent

14 D.R.YADAV PRACHARYA M 66 Independent

S26 7 CG DURG 16-Apr-09 1 PRADEEP CHOUBEY M 55 Indian National Congress

2 RAGHUNANDAN SAHU M 34 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SAROJ PANDEY F 40 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 DEVIDAS KURRE M 43 Chandigarh Vikas Party

5 DR. PANKAJ GOSOMI (PANDIT) M 37 Republican Party of India

6 ANAND GAUTAM M 35 Independent

7 TARACHAND SAHU M 30 Independent

8 TARACHAND SAHU M 66 Independent

9 TARACHAND SAHU M 62 Independent

10 MASOOD KHAN M 43 Independent

11 RATAN KUMAR KSHETRAPAL M 61 Independent

12 RAJENDRA KUMAR SAHU M 38 Independent

13 LAXMAN PRASAD M 31 Independent

14 GURU DADA LOKESH MAHARAJ M 56 Independent

15 SHITKARAN MHILWAR M 40 Independent

S26 8 CG RAIPUR 16-Apr-09 1 BHUPESH BAGHEL M 47 Indian National Congress

2 RAMESH BAIS M 61 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 VIDHYADEVI SAHU F 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 ER. ASHOK TAMRAKAR M 56 Jai Chhattisgarh Party

5 IMRRAN PASHA M 33 Loktantrik Samajwadi Party

6 P.R. KHUNTE M 54 Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

7 MADHUSUDAN MISHRA M 49 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

8 SHAILENDRA BANJARE (SHAKTIPUTRA) M 34 Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)

9 SHANKAR LAL VARANDANI M 45 Pyramid Party of India

10 HARGUN MEGHWANI M 56 Akhil Bhartiya Sindhu Samajwadi Party

11 ARUN HARPAL M 35 Independent

12 JAFAR HUSSAIN, BABABHAI (PURVA MUTVALLI) M 57 Independent

13 MOH. JILANI ALIAS TANI M 30 Independent

14 NAND KISHOR DEEP M 48 Independent

15 NARESH BHISHMDEV DHIDHI M 31 Independent

16 NAVIN GUPTA M 35 Independent

17 NARAD NISHAD M 33 Independent

18 PRAVEEN JAIN M 44 Independent

19 BHARAT BHUSHAN PANDEY M 45 Independent

20 MATHURA PRASAD TANDON M 42 Independent

21 YASHWANT SAHU M 35 Independent

22 RAJENDRA KUMAR SAHU M 38 Independent

23 RAJENDRA SINGH THAKUR (ADVOCATE) M 34 Independent

24 RAMKRISHNA VERMA M 49 Independent

25 RAMCHARAN YADAV M 33 Independent

26 SHOBHARAM GILHARE M 38 Independent

27 SIYARAM DHRITLAHARE M 34 Independent

28 SMT. SUSIL BAI BANJARE F 36 Independent

29 SYED RASHID ALI M 62 Independent

30 SANJAY BAGHEL M 29 Independent

31 HAIDAR BHATI M 38 Independent

32 SHRIKANT KASER M 41 Independent

S26 9 CG MAHASAMUND 16-Apr-09 1 CHANDULAL SAHU (CHANDU BHAIYA) M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 MOTILAL M 44 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 MOTILAL SAHU M 44 Indian National Congress

4 DR. ANAND MATAWALE (GURUJI) M 38 Lok Bharati

5 KIRAN KUMAR DHRUW M 44 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

6 BAUDDH KUMAR KAUSHIK M 37 Chhattisgarh Vikas Party

7 DR. LATA MARKAM F 26 Republican Party of India (A)

8 SHRIDHAR CHANDRAKAR (PATEL) M 40 Apna Dal

9 KHEDUBHARTI “SATYESH” M 33 Independent

10 CHAMPA LAL PATEL M 43 Independent

11 NARENDRA BHISHMDEV DHIDHI M 34 Independent

12 NARAYANDAS INQALAB GANDHI M 63 Independent

13 BHARAT DIWAN M 29 Independent

14 RAMPRASAD CHAUHAN M 46 Independent

15 SULTANSINGH SATNAM M 58 Independent

S26 10 CG BASTAR 16-Apr-09 1 AYTU RAM MANDAVI M 44 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 BALIRAM KASHYAP M 73 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 MANISH KUNJAM M 42 Communist Party of India

4 SHANKAR SODI M 44 Indian National Congress

5 CHANDRA SHEKHAR DHRUV (SHEKHAR) M 42 Independent

6 MAYARAM NETAM ALIAS (FULSING SILADAR) M 60 Independent

7 SUBHASH CHANDRA MOURYA M 35 Independent

S26 11 CG KANKER 16-Apr-09 1 SMT. PHOOLO DEVI NETAM F 35 Indian National Congress

2 MIRA SALAM F 32 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SOHAN POTAI M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 JALSINGH SHORI M 30 Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party

5 N. R. BHUARYA M 50 Gondwana Mukti Sena

6 BHOM LAL M 59 Apna Dal

7 MAYARAM NAGWANSHI M 48 Gondvana Gantantra Party

8 G. R. RANA M 62 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

9 DEVCHAND MATLAM M 31 Independent

10 PRAFUL MANDAVI M 35 Independent

11 MAYARAM NETAM (FULSINGH SILEDAR) M 60 Independent

S27 4 JH CHATRA 16-Apr-09 1 ARUN KUMAR YADAV M 41 Janata Dal (United)

2 DHIRAJ PRASAD SAHU M 50 Indian National Congress

3 NAGMANI M 46 Rashtriya Janata Dal

4 SUGAN MAHTO M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 KESHWAR YADAV M 47 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6 PARAS NATH MANJHI M 58 Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

7 K.P. SHARMA M 62 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

8 SURENDRA YADAV M 36 Jharkhand Party

9 INDER SINGH NAMDHARI M 62 Independent

10 DHIRENDRA AGRAWAL M 53 Independent

11 RATNESH KUMAR GUPTA M 47 Independent

S27 5 JH KODARMA 16-Apr-09 1 TILAKDHARI PD. SINGH M 65 Indian National Congress

2 PRANAV KUMAR VERMA M 29 Rashtriya Janata Dal

3 LAXAMAN SAWARNKAR M 63 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 BISHNU PRASAD BHAIYA M 47 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5 SABHAPATI KUSHWAHA M 61 Bahujan Samaj Party

6 UMESH CHANDRA TRIVEDI M 41 Jharkhand Party

7 PRAMESHWAR YADAV M 49 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

8 BABULAL MARANDI M 51 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

9 RAJKISHOR PRASAD MODI M 54 Jharkhand Vikas Dal

10 RAJ KUMAR YADAV M 37 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

11 HADTAL DAS M 43 Bahujan Shakty

12 ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA M 35 Independent

13 KAMAL DAS M 35 Independent

14 CHANDRA DHARI MAHTO M 28 Independent

15 MANJOOR ALAM ANSARI M 45 Independent

16 LAXAMAN DAS M 37 Independent

S27 11 JH KHUNTI 16-Apr-09 1 KARIYA MUNDA M 72 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 NEIL TIRKEY M 55 Indian National Congress

3 MARSHAL BARLA M 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 THEODORE KIRO M 58 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

5 NITIMA BODRA BARI F 41 Jharkhand Party (Naren)

6 NISHIKANT HORO M 55 Jharkhand Party

7 ANAND KUJUR M 27 Independent

8 UMBULAN TOPNO M 49 Independent

9 KARLUS BHENGRA M 41 Independent

S27 12 JH LOHARDAGA 16-Apr-09 1 JOKHAN BHAGAT M 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 RAMESHWAR ORAON M 63 Indian National Congress

3 SUDARSHAN BHAGAT M 40 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 DEOSHARAN BHAGAT M 45 All Jharkhand Students Union

5 BAHURA EKKA M 61 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

6 BHUNESHWAR LOHRA M 42 Lok Jan Vikas Morcha

7 RAMA KHALKHO F 38 Jharkhand Janadikhar Manch

8 ARJUN BHAGAT M 60 Independent

9 ETWA ORAON M 45 Independent

10 GOPAL ORAON M 56 Independent

11 CHAMRA LINDA M 39 Independent

12 JAI PRAKASH BHAGAT M 36 Independent

13 NAWAL KISHOR SINGH M 51 Independent

14 PADMA BARAIK F 25 Independent

15 SUKHDEO LOHRA M 69 Independent

S27 13 JH PALAMAU 16-Apr-09 1 KAMESHWAR BAITHA M 56 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

2 GHURAN RAM M 42 Rashtriya Janata Dal

3 RADHA KRISHNA KISHORE M 52 Janata Dal (United)

4 HIRA RAM TUPHANI M 59 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 GANESH RAM M 56 Jharkhand Party

6 JAWAHAR PASWAN M 48 AJSU Party

7 NANDDEV RAM M 70 Jharkhand Party (Naren)

8 PARVATI DEVI F 34 Manav Mukti Morcha

9 PRABHAT KUMAR M 31 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

10 RAJU GUIDE MAJHI M 30 Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

11 RAM NARESH RAM M 36 Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

12 BIRBAL RAM M 28 Rashtriya Lok Dal

13 SATYENDRA KUMAR PASWAN M 30 Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party

14 SUSHMA MEHTA F 31 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

15 JITENDRA RAM M 31 Independent

16 NARESH KUMAR PASWAN M 29 Independent

17 BRAJMOHAN RAM M 48 Independent

18 BHOLA RAM M 32 Independent

19 MUNESHWAR RAM M 58 Independent

20 RAM PRASAD RAM M 58 Independent

21 SUNESHWAR BAITHA M 54 Independent

S27 14 JH HAZARIBAGH 16-Apr-09 1 KISHOR KUMAR PANDEY M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 BHUVNESHWAR PRASAD MEHTA M 64 Communist Party of India

3 YASHWANT SINHA M 71 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 SHIVLAL MAHTO M 34 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5 SAURABH NARAIN SINGH M 34 Indian National Congress

6 CHANDRA PRAKASH CHOUDHARY M 40 All Jharkhand Students Union

7 DIGAMBER KU. MEHTA M 42 Samajwadi Party

8 BRAJ KISHORE JAISWAL M 67 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

9 DEONATH MAHTO M 29 Independent

10 MAHENDRA KISHORE MEHTA M 38 Independent

11 MD. MOINUDDIN AHMED M 32 Independent

12 LALAN PRASAD M 34 Independent

13 SNEHLATA DEVI F 49 Independent

U01 1 AN ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS 16-Apr-09 1 SMTI. R. S. UMA BHARATHY F 44 Nationalist Congress Party

2 SHRI. KULDEEP RAI SHARMA M 41 Indian National Congress

3 SHRI. P. R. GANESHAN M 71 Rashtriya Janata Dal

4 SHRI TAPAN KUMAR BEPARI M 51 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 SHRI. BISHNU PADA RAY M 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

6 SHRI. M. S. MOHAN M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

7 SHRI. N. K. P. NAIR M 54 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

8 SHRI. PRADEEP KUMAR EKKA M 37 Jharkhand Disom Party

9 SHRI. T. ALI M 37 Independent

10 DR. THANKACHAN M 50 Independent

11 SHRI. VAKIATH VALAPPIL KHALID M 40 Independent

U06 1 LD LAKSHADWEEP 16-Apr-09 1 MUHAMMED HAMDULLA SAYEED A.B M 26 Indian National Congress

2 DR. P. POOKUNHIKOYA M 60 Nationalist Congress Party

3 DR. K P MUTHUKOYA M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 LUKMANUL HAKEEM M 32 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

S14 1 MN INNER MANIPUR 22-Apr-09 1 DR. THOKCHOM MEINYA M 58 Indian National Congress

2 THOUNAOJAM CHAOBA M 70 Manipur People’s Party

3 MOIRANGTHEM NARA M 58 Communist Party of India

4 WAHENGBAM NIPAMACHA SINGH M 78 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 L. KSHETRANI DEVI F 50 Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party

6 ABDUL RAHMAN M 58 Independent

7 NONGMAITHEM HOMENDRO SINGH M 45 Independent

S01 23 AP KAKINADA 23-Apr-09 1 DOMMETI SUDHAKAR M 51 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 M.M.PALLAMRAJU M 46 Indian National Congress

3 BIKKINA VISWESWARA RAO M 34 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 VASAMSETTY SATYA M 44 Telugu Desam

5 ALURI VIJAYA LAKSHMI F 64 Lok Satta Party

6 UDAYA KUMAR KONDEPUDI M 36 Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

7 GALI SATYAVATHI F 40 Republican Party of India

8 GIDLA SIMHACHALAM M 50 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

9 CHALAMALASETTY SUNIL M 39 Praja Rajyam Party

10 NAMALA SATYANARAYANA M 45 Rajyadhikara Party

11 N.PALLAMRAJU M 52 Ajeya Bharat Party

12 BUGATHA BANGARRAO M 48 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

13 AKAY SURYANARAYANA M 50 Independent

14 CHAGANTI SURYA NARAYANA MURTHY M 44 Independent

15 DANAM LAZAR BABU M 42 Independent

16 BADAMPUDI BABURAO M 51 Independent

S01 24 AP AMALAPURAM 23-Apr-09 1 KOMMABATTULA UMA MAHESWARA RAO M 65 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 GEDDAM SAMPADA RAO M 39 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 DOCTOR GEDELA VARALAKSHMI F 55 Telugu Desam

4 G.V.HARSHA KUMAR M 50 Indian National Congress

5 AKUMARTHI SURYANARAYANA M 50 Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

6 KIRAN KUMAR BINEPE M 43 Praja Bharath Party

7 P.V.CHAKRAVARTHI M 54 Republican Party of India (Khobragade)

8 POTHULA PRAMEELA DEVI F 55 Praja Rajyam Party

9 BHEEMARAO RAMJI MUTHABATHULA M 39 Pyramid Party of India

10 MASA RAMADASU M 46 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

11 YALANGI RAMESH M 45 Independent

S01 25 AP RAJAHMUNDRY 23-Apr-09 1 ARUNA KUMAR VUNDAVALLI M 54 Indian National Congress

2 M. MURALI MOHAN M 68 Telugu Desam

3 VAJRAPU KOTESWARA RAO M 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SOMU VEERRAJU M 51 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 UPPALAPATI VENKATA KRISHNAM RAJU M 69 Praja Rajyam Party

6 DATLA RAYA JAGAPATHI RAJU M 50 Pyramid Party of India

7 DR. PALADUGU CHANDRA MOULI M 69 Lok Satta Party

8 MEDAPATI PAPIREDDY M 30 Trilinga Praja Pragati Party

9 MEDA SRINIVAS M 39 Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)

10 PARAMATA GANESWARA RAO M 46 Independent

11 MUSHINI RAMAKRISHNA RAO M 51 Independent

12 VASAMSETTY NAGESWARA RAO M 46 Independent

13 SANABOINA SUBHALAKSHMI F 44 Independent

S01 26 AP NARSAPURAM 23-Apr-09 1 KALIDINDI VISWANADHA RAJU M 39 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 THOTA SITA RAMA LAKSHMI F 59 Telugu Desam

3 BAPIRAJU KANUMURU M 61 Indian National Congress

4 BHUPATHIRAJU SRINIVASA VARMA M 41 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 ALLURI YUGANDHARA RAJU M 44 Pyramid Party of India

6 GUBBALA TAMMAIAH M 61 Praja Rajyam Party

7 NAVUNDRU RAJENDRA PRASAD M 44 Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

8 MANORAMA SANKU F 62 Lok Satta Party

9 M V R RAJU M 35 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

10 KALIDINDI BHIMARAJU M 73 Independent

S01 27 AP ELURU 23-Apr-09 1 KAVURI SAMBASIVA RAO M 65 Indian National Congress

2 KODURI VENKATA SUBBA RAJU M 46 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 PILLELLLI SUNIL M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 MAGANTI VENKATESWARA RAO(BABU) M 49 Telugu Desam

5 Y.V.S.V. PRASADA RAO (YERNENI PRASADA RAO) M 61 Pyramid Party of India

6 KOLUSU PEDA REDDAIAH YADAV M 67 Praja Rajyam Party

7 SAVANAPUDI NAGARAJU M 48 Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)

8 SIRIKI SRINIVAS M 32 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

9 KASI NAIDU KAMMILI M 39 Independent

10 TANUKU SEKHAR M 45 Independent

11 DODDA KAMESWARA RAO M 54 Independent

12 DOWLURI GOVARDHAN M 32 Independent

S01 28 AP MACHILIPATNAM 23-Apr-09 1 KONAKALLA NARAYANA RAO M 59 Telugu Desam

2 CHIGURUPATI RAMALINGESWARA RAO M 33 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 BADIGA RAMAKRISHNA M 66 Indian National Congress

4 BHOGADI RAMA DEVI F 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 KOPPULA VENKATESWARA RAO M 45 Lok Satta Party

6 CHENNAMSETTI RAMACHANDRAIAH M 60 Praja Rajyam Party

7 YARLAGADDA RAMAMOHANA RAO M 44 Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

8 VARA LAKSHMI KONERU F 59 Pyramid Party of India

9 G.V. NAGESWARA RAO M 25 Independent

10 YENDURI SUBRAMANYESWA RAO ( MANI ) M 50 Independent

S01 29 AP VIJAYAWADA 23-Apr-09 1 LAGADAPATI RAJA GOPAL M 45 Indian National Congress

2 LAKA VENGALA RAO M 38 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 VAMSI MOHAN VALLABHANENI M 38 Telugu Desam

4 SISTLA NARASIMHA MURTHY M 63 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 DEVINENI KISHORE KUMAR M 59 Lok Satta Party

6 RAGHAVA RAO JAKKA M 60 Pyramid Party of India

7 RAJIV CHANUMOLU M 43 Praja Rajyam Party

8 APPIKATLA JAWAHAR M 44 Independent

9 KRISHNA MURTHY SUNKARA M 46 Independent

10 JAKKA TARAKA MALLIKHARJUNA RAO M 42 Independent

11 DEVERASETTY RAVINDRA BABU M 35 Independent

12 DEVIREDDY RAVINDRANATHA REDDY M 36 Independent

13 PERUPOGU VENKATESWARA RAO M 41 Independent

14 BAIPUDI NAGESWARA RAO M 30 Independent

15 BOPPA VENKATESWARA RAO M 42 Independent

16 BOLISETTY HARIBABU M 46 Independent

17 VEERLA SANJEEVA RAO M 44 Independent

18 VENKATA RAO P. M 44 Independent

19 SENAPATHI CHIRANJEEVI M 36 Independent

20 SHAIK MASTAN M 28 Independent

S01 30 AP GUNTUR 23-Apr-09 1 MALLELA BABU RAO M 61 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 YADLAPATI SWARUPARANI F 51 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 RAJENDRA MADALA M 42 Telugu Desam

7 SAMBASIVA RAO RAYAPATI M 65 Indian National Congress

8 AMANULLA KHAN M 37 Lok Satta Party

9 KOMMANABOINA LAKSHMAIAH M 39 Rajyadhikara Party

11 THOTA CHANDRA SEKHAR M 47 Praja Rajyam Party

12 YARRAKULA TULASI RAM YADAV M 29 Samajwadi Party

13 VELAGAPUDI LAKSHMANA RAO M 59 Pyramid Party of India

14 SRINIVASA RAO THOTAKURA M 34 Ajeya Bharat Party

S01 31 AP NARASARAOPET 23-Apr-09 1 BALASHOWRY VALLABHANENI M 43 Indian National Congress

2 BEJJAM RATNAKARA RAO M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 VALLEPU KRUPA RAO M 51 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 VENUGOPALA REDDY MODUGULA M 42 Telugu Desam

7 GANUGAPENTA UTTAMA REDDY M 30 Lok Satta Party

8 S.G. MASTAN VALI M 31 Pyramid Party of India

9 RAMADUGU VENKATA SUBBA RAO M 45 Samajwadi Party

11 SHAIK SYED SAHEB M 65 Praja Rajyam Party

13 SAI PRASAD EDARA M 42 Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

14 ATCHALA NARASIMHA RAO M 39 Independent

15 ANNAMRAJU VENUGOPALA MADHAVA RAO M 37 Independent

17 KATAMARAJU NALAGORLA M 61 Independent

19 YAMPATI VEERANJANEYA REDDY M 38 Independent

21 SRINIVASA REDDY KESARI M 40 Independent

S01 32 AP BAPATLA 23-Apr-09 1 DARA SAMBAIAH M 62 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 PANABAKA LAKSHMI F 50 Indian National Congress

3 BATTULA ROSAYYA M 52 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 MALYADRI SRIRAM M 55 Telugu Desam

5 GARIKAPATI SUDHAKAR M 37 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

6 NUTHAKKI RAMA RAO M 61 Praja Rajyam Party

7 GUDIPALLI SATHYA BABUJI M 40 Independent

8 GORREMUCHU CHINNA RAO M 42 Independent

9 GOLLA BABU RAO M 34 Independent

10 DEVARAPALLI BUJJI BABU M 34 Independent

S01 33 AP ONGOLE 23-Apr-09 1 MANDAVA VASUDEVA M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 MADDULURI MALAKONDAIAH YADAV M 47 Telugu Desam

3 MAGUNTA SRINIVASULU REDDY M 55 Indian National Congress

4 CHALUVADI SRINIVASARAO M 38 Pyramid Party of India

5 DR,NARAYANAM RADHA DEVI F 57 Lok Satta Party

6 PIDATHALA SAI KALPANA F 50 Praja Rajyam Party

7 SHAIK SHAJAHAN M 49 United Women Front

8 GARRE RAMAKRISHNA M 34 Independent

9 DAMA MOHANA RAO M 53 Independent

10 NALAMALAPU LAKSHMINARASAREDDY M 40 Independent

11 YATHAPU KONDAREDDY M 28 Independent

S01 34 AP NANDYAL 23-Apr-09 1 NASYAM MOHAMMED FAROOK M 57 Telugu Desam

2 S.MOHAMMED ISMAIL M 39 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 S.P.Y.REDDY M 59 Indian National Congress

4 ABDUL SATTAR . G M 26 B. C. United Front

5 PICHHIKE NARENDRA DEV M 39 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

6 BHUMA VENKATA NAGI REDDY M 45 Praja Rajyam Party

7 RAMA JAGANNADHA REDDY TAMIDELA M 34 Lok Satta Party

8 SADHU VEERA VENKATA RAMANAIAH M 35 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

9 AMBATI RAMESWARA REDDY M 35 Independent

10 K.ARTHER PANCHARATNAM M 44 Independent

11 B.P.KAMBAGIRI SWAMY M 36 Independent

12 GALI RAMA SUBBA REDDY M 33 Independent

13 A.U.FAROOQ M 25 Independent

14 G.BALASWAMY M 37 Independent

15 T.MAHESH NAIDU M 28 Independent

16 B.V.RAMI REDDY M 47 Independent

17 B.R.L.REDDY M 40 Independent

18 VENNUPUSA VENKATESHWARA REDDY M 35 Independent

19 SINGAM VENKATESHWARA REDDY M 35 Independent

20 T.SRINUVASULU M 38 Independent

21 V.SESHI REDDY M 33 Independent

S01 35 AP KURNOOL 23-Apr-09 1 KOTLA JAYA SURYA PRAKASH REDDY M 57 Indian National Congress

2 GADDAM RAMAKRISHNA M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 B.T.NAIDU M 36 Telugu Desam

4 RAVI SUBRAMANYAM K.A. M 39 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 JALLI VENKATESH M 38 Lok Satta Party

6 DR.DANDIYA KHAJA PEERA M 55 Praja Rajyam Party

7 B.NAGA JAYA CHANDRA REDDY M 35 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

8 DR.P.R.PARAMESWAR REDDY M 36 Pyramid Party of India

9 DEVI RAMALINGAPPA M 44 Independent

10 V.V. RAMANA M 38 Independent

11 RAJU M 45 Independent

S01 36 AP ANANTAPUR 23-Apr-09 1 ANANTHA VENKATA RAMI REDDY M 52 Indian National Congress

2 AMBATI RAMA KRISHNA REDDY M 41 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 KALAVA SRINIVASULU M 44 Telugu Desam

4 GADDALA NAGABHUSHANAM M 45 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 AMARNATH M 32 Lok Satta Party

6 KRUSHNAPURAM GAYATHRI DEVI F 36 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

7 MANSOOR M 56 Praja Rajyam Party

8 G HARI M 29 Pyramid Party of India

9 T CHANDRA SEKHAR M 30 Independent

10 DEVELLA MURALI M 44 Independent

11 K P NARAYANA SWAMY M 41 Independent

12 J C RAMANUJULA REDDY M 52 Independent

S01 37 AP HINDUPUR 23-Apr-09 1 KRISTAPPA NIMMALA M 52 Telugu Desam

2 P KHASIM KHAN M 53 Indian National Congress

3 NARESH CINE ACTOR M 45 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 B.S.P.SREERAMULU M 30 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 KADAPALA SREEKANTA REDDY M 56 Praja Rajyam Party

6 NIRANJAN BABU. K M 30 Lok Satta Party

7 S. MUSKIN VALI M 26 Pyramid Party of India

8 K. JAKEER M 40 Independent

9 B. NAGABHUSHANA RAO M 76 Independent

10 P. PRASAD (PEETLA PRASAD) M 32 Independent

S01 38 AP KADAPA 23-Apr-09 1 JAMBAPURAM MUNI REDDY M 31 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 Y.S. JAGAN MOHAN REDDY M 36 Indian National Congress

3 PALEM SRIKANTH REDDY M 45 Telugu Desam

4 VANGALA SHASHI BHUSHAN REDDY M 37 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 KASIBHATLA SAINATH SARMA M 38 Rajyadhikara Party

6 N. KISHORE KUMAR REDDY M 38 Janata Dal (Secular)

7 KUNCHAM VENKATA SUBBA REDDY M 42 Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi

8 DR. KHALEEL BASHA M 60 Praja Rajyam Party

9 GAJJALA RAMA SUBBA REDDY M 57 Pyramid Party of India

10 GUDIPATI. PRASANNA KUMAR M 55 Lok Satta Party

11 C. GOPI NARASIMHA REDDY M 31 Janata Dal (United)

12 CHINNAPA REDDY KOMMA M 41 Bharatiya Jan Shakti

13 Y. SEKHARA REDDY M 47 Republican Party of India (A)

14 S. ALI SHER M 47 Independent

15 THIMMAPPAGARI VENKATA SIVA REDDY M 47 Independent

16 V. NARENDRA M 39 Independent

17 S. RAJA MADIGA M 46 Independent

18 YELLIPALAM RAMESH REDDY M 35 Independent

19 SIVANARAYANA REDDY CHADIPIRALLA M 39 Independent

20 J. SUBBARAYUDU M 51 Independent

S01 39 AP NELLORE 23-Apr-09 1 S. PADMA NAGESWARA RAO M 58 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 BATHINA NARASIMHA RAO M 65 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 MEKAPATI RAJAMOHAN REDDY M 64 Indian National Congress

4 VANTERU VENU GOPALA REDDY M 59 Telugu Desam

5 JANA RAMACHANDRAIAH M 56 Praja Rajyam Party

6 VEMURI BHASKARA RAO M 36 Lok Satta Party

7 SIDDIRAJU SATYANARAYANA M 43 Pyramid Party of India

8 KARIMULLA M 42 Independent

9 MUCHAKALA CHANDRA SEKHAR YADAV M 40 Independent

10 VENKATA BHASKAR REDDY DIRISALA M 37 Independent

11 SYED HAMZA HUSSAINY M 46 Independent

S01 40 AP TIRUPATI 23-Apr-09 1 CHINTA MOHAN M 54 Indian National Congress

2 VARLA RAMAIAH M 57 Telugu Desam

3 N.VENKATASWAMY M 77 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 JUVVIGUNTA VENKATESWARLU M 37 Lok Satta Party

5 DEGALA SURYANARAYANA M 34 Pyramid Party of India

6 DHANASEKHAR GUNDLURU M 41 Republican Party of India (A)

7 VARAPRASADA RAO. V M 55 Praja Rajyam Party

8 OREPALLI VENKATA KRISHNA PRASAD M 43 Independent

9 KATTAMANCHI PRABAKHAR M 40 Independent

10 YALAVADI MUNIKRISHNAIAH M 64 Independent

S01 41 AP RAJAMPET 23-Apr-09 1 ANNAYYAGARI SAI PRATHAP M 64 Indian National Congress

2 ALLAPUREDDY. HARINATHA REDDY M 69 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RAMESH KUMAR REDDY REDDAPPAGARI M 44 Telugu Desam

4 SUNKARA SREENIVAS M 42 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 DR. ARAVA. VENKATA SUBBA REDDY M 38 Pyramid Party of India

6 ADI NARAYANA REDDY .V M 40 Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party

7 NAGESWARA RAO EDAGOTTU M 38 Lok Satta Party

8 D.A. SRINIVAS M 36 Praja Rajyam Party

9 SHAIK AMEEN PEERAN M 39 Ambedkar National Congress

10 ASADI VENKATADRI M 41 Independent

11 INDRA PRAKASH M 32 Independent

12 KASTHURI OBAIAH NAIDU M 55 Independent

13 B. KRISHNAPPA M 32 Independent

14 PULA RAGHU M 44 Independent

15 HAJI MOHAMMAD AZAM M 82 Independent

S01 42 AP CHITTOOR 23-Apr-09 1 JAYARAM DUGGANI M 60 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 THIPPESWAMY M M 55 Indian National Congress

3 NARAMALLI SIVAPRASAD M 57 Telugu Desam

4 B.SIVAKUMAR M 40 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 A. AMARNADH M 37 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

6 TALARI MANOHAR M 54 Praja Rajyam Party

7 G. VENKATACHALAM M 29 Lok Satta Party

S03 4 AS DHUBRI 23-Apr-09 1 ANWAR HUSSAIN M 62 Indian National Congress

2 BADRUDDIN AJMAL M 54 Assam United Democratic Front

3 ARUN DAS M 39 Rashtrawadi Sena

4 ALOK SEN M 37 Samajwadi Party

5 SOLEMAN ALI M 45 Independent

6 SHAHJAHAN ALI M 39 Independent

7 SOLEMAN KHANDAKER M 53 Independent

8 TRIPTI KANA MAZUMDAR CHOUDHURY F 45 Independent

9 NUR MAHAMMAD M 61 Independent

10 MINHAR ALI MANDAL M 61 Independent

S03 5 AS KOKRAJHAR 23-Apr-09 1 SABDA RAM RABHA M 39 Asom Gana Parishad

2 SANSUMA KHUNGGUR BWISWMUTHIARY M 49 Bodaland Peoples Front

3 URKHAO GWRA BRAHMA M 45 Independent

S03 6 AS BARPETA 23-Apr-09 1 ABDUS SAMAD AHMED M 41 Assam United Democratic Front

2 MD. AMIR ALI M 42 Rashtriya Janata Dal

3 ISMAIL HUSSAIN M 55 Indian National Congress

4 DURGESWAR DEKA M 54 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 BHUPEN RAY M 49 Asom Gana Parishad

6 ABU CHAND MAHMMAD M 63 Republican Party of India (A)

7 ABDUL KADDUS M 35 Samajwadi Party

8 KANDARPA LAHKAR M 53 Rashtravadi Janata Party

9 MD. DILIR KHAN M 42 Muslim League Kerala State Committee

10 MUIJ UDDIN MAHMUD M 51 Lok Jan Shakti Party

11 ABDUL KADER M 41 Independent

12 GOLAP HUSSAIN MAZUMDER M 35 Independent

13 DEWAN JOYNAL ABEDIN M 65 Independent

14 BHADRESWAR DAS M 40 Independent

S03 7 AS GAUHATI 23-Apr-09 1 AKSHAY RAJKHOWA M 49 Nationalist Congress Party

2 BIJOYA CHAKRAVARTY F 70 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 CAPT. ROBIN BORDOLOI M 67 Indian National Congress

4 SONABOR ALI M 58 Assam United Democratic Front

5 AMBU BORA M 78 Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)

6 DEEPAK KALITA M 34 Samajwadi Party

7 SHIMANTA BRAHMA M 48 Rashtrawadi Sena

8 AMIT BARUA M 42 Independent

9 KAZI NEKIB AHMED M 51 Independent

10 DEVA KANTA RAMCHIARY M 46 Independent

11 BRIJESH ROY M 30 Independent

12 RINA GAYARY DAS F 41 Independent

S03 8 AS MANGALDOI 23-Apr-09 1 BADIUJ ZAMAL M 33 Assam United Democratic Front

2 MADHAB RAJBANGSHI M 53 Indian National Congress

3 RAMEN DEKA M 55 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 DINA NATH DAS M 65 Bodaland Peoples Front

5 PARVEEN SULTANA F 42 All India Minorities Front

6 RABINDRA NATH HAZARIKA M 72 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

7 RATUL KUMAR CHOUDHURY M 38 Samajwadi Party

8 LANKESWAR ACHARJYA M 45 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

9 LUCYMAI BASUMATARI F 58 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

10 AROON BAROOA M 53 Independent

11 PRODEEP KUMAR DAIMARY M 42 Independent

12 BHUPENDRA NATH KAKATI M 62 Independent

13 MANOJ KUMAR DEKA M 55 Independent

S03 9 AS TEZPUR 23-Apr-09 1 JITEN SUNDI M 64 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 DEBA ORANG M 54 Assam United Democratic Front

3 MONI KUMAR SUBBA M 51 Indian National Congress

4 JOSEPH TOPPO M 60 Asom Gana Parishad

5 ARUN KUMAR MURMOO M 33 Bharat Vikas Morcha

6 PARASHMONI SINHA M 33 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

7 JUGANANDA HAZARIKA M 42 Samajwadi Party

8 RUBUL SARMA M 52 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

9 REGINOLD V. JOHNSON M 45 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

10 KALYAN KUMAR DEORI BHARALI M 69 Independent

11 DANIEL DAVID JESUDAS M 66 Independent

12 MD. NAZIR AHMED M 56 Independent

13 DR. PRANAB KR. DAS M 41 Independent

14 PRASANTA BORO M 32 Independent

15 RUDRA PARAJULI M 52 Independent

S03 10 AS NOWGONG 23-Apr-09 1 ANIL RAJA M 51 Indian National Congress

2 RAJEN GOHAIN M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 SIRAJ UDDIN AJMAL M 52 Assam United Democratic Front

4 PHEIROIJAM IBOMCHA SINGH M 60 All India Forward Bloc

5 BIPIN SAIKIA M 55 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

6 BIREN DAS M 48 Rashtrawadi Sena

7 BHUPEN CHANDRA MUDOI M 55 Republican Party of India (A)

8 LIAQAT HUSSAIN M 40 Lok Jan Shakti Party

9 ASHIT DUTTA M 47 Independent

10 NAZRUL HAQUE MAZARBHUIYAN M 55 Independent

11 PUSPA KANTA BORA M 49 Independent

12 BIMALA PRASAD TALUKDAR M 46 Independent

13 HERAMBA MOHAN PANDIT M 45 Independent

S03 11 AS KALIABOR 23-Apr-09 1 GUNIN HAZARIKA M 61 Asom Gana Parishad

2 DIP GOGOI M 57 Indian National Congress

3 SIRAJ UDDIN AJMAL M 52 Assam United Democratic Front

4 KAMAL HAZARIKA M 48 Independent

5 PAUL NAYAK M 40 Independent

6 PRADEEP DUTTA M 42 Independent

7 BINOD GOGOI M 38 Independent

8 MRIDUL BARUAH M 37 Independent

S03 12 AS JORHAT 23-Apr-09 1 KAMAKHYA TASA M 34 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 DRUPAD BORGOHAIN M 68 Communist Party of India

3 BIJOY KRISHNA HANDIQUE M 77 Indian National Congress

4 ABINASH KISHORE BORAH M 30 Rashtrawadi Sena

5 BIREN NANDA M 48 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

6 NAVAPROKASH SONOWAL M 36 Independent

7 RAJ KUMAR DOWARAH M 43 Independent

8 SUJIT SAHU M 38 Independent

S03 13 AS DIBRUGARH 23-Apr-09 1 SRI PABAN SINGH GHATOWAR M 60 Indian National Congress

2 SRI ROMEN CH. BORTHAKUR M 48 Nationalist Congress Party

3 SRI RATUL GOGOI M 31 Communist Party of India

4 SRI SARBANANDA SONOWAL M 47 Asom Gana Parishad

5 SRI GONGARAM KAUL M 39 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6 NIHARIKA BORPATRA GOHAIN GOGOI F 30 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

7 IMTIAZ HUSSAIN M 31 Independent

8 FRANCIS DHAN M 40 Independent

9 LAKHI CHARAN SWANSI M 34 Independent

10 SIMA GHOSH F 40 Independent

S03 14 AS LAKHIMPUR 23-Apr-09 1 DR. ARUN KR. SARMA M 52 Asom Gana Parishad

2 BHOGESWAR DUTTA M 63 Communist Party of India

3 RANEE NARAH F 45 Indian National Congress

4 GANGADHAR DUTTA M 39 Shivsena

5 DEBNATH MAJHI M 30 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

6 PRAN JYOTI BORPATRA GOHAIN M 26 Rashtrawadi Sena

7 MINU BURAGOHAIN F 50 Samajwadi Party

8 RATNESWAR GOGOI M 63 All India Forward Bloc

9 LALIT MILI M 53 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

10 SONAMONI DAS M 39 Lok Jan Shakti Party

11 ASAP SUNDIGURIA M 62 Independent

12 PRASHANTA GOGOI M 35 Independent

13 BHUMIDHAR HAZARIKA M 38 Independent

14 RANOJ PEGU M 45 Independent

15 RABIN DEKA M 54 Independent

S04 1 BR VALMIKI NAGAR 23-Apr-09 1 DILIP VERMA M 52 Nationalist Congress Party

2 BAIDYANATH PRASAD MAHTO M 51 Janata Dal (United)

3 MANAN MISHRA M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 MOHAMMAD SHAMIM AKHTAR M 37 Indian National Congress

5 RAGHUNATH JHA M 63 Rashtriya Janata Dal

6 BIRENDRA PRASAD GUPTA M 40 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7 SHAILENDRA KUMAR GARHWAL M 38 Loktantrik Samata Dal

8 AMBIKA SINGH M 53 Independent

9 UMESH M 36 Independent

10 DEORAJ RAM M 31 Independent

11 FAKHRUDDIN M 37 Independent

12 MAGISTER YADAV M 42 Independent

13 MANOHAR MANOJ M 40 Independent

14 RAMASHANKAR PRASAD M 35 Independent

15 RAKESH KUMAR PANDEY M 51 Independent

16 SATYANARAIN YADAV M 28 Independent

S04 2 BR PASCHIM CHAMPARAN 23-Apr-09 1 ANIRUDH PRASAD ALIAS SADHU YADAV M 46 Indian National Congress

2 PRAKASH JHA M 55 Lok Jan Shakti Party

3 RAMASHRAY SINGH M 65 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4 SHAMBHU PRASAD GUPTA M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 DR. SANJAY JAISWAL M 44 Bharatiya Janata Party

6 FAIYAZUL AZAM M 71 Janata Dal (Secular)

7 MANOJ KUMAR M 44 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

8 SYED SHAMIM AKHTAR M 48 Loktantrik Samata Dal

9 NAFIS AHAMAD M 35 Independent

10 SHRIMAN MISHRA M 41 Independent

11 SYED IRSHAD AKHTER M 32 Independent

S04 3 BR PURVI CHAMPARAN 23-Apr-09 1 AKHILESH PD. SINGH M 40 Rashtriya Janata Dal

2 ARVIND KR. GUPTA M 29 Indian National Congress

3 GAGANDEO YADAV M 59 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 RADHA MOHAN SINGH M 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 RAMCHANDRA PD. M 51 Communist Party of India

6 UMESH KR. SINGH M 43 Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

7 NAGENDRA SAHANI M 33 Loktantrik Samata Dal

8 SURESH KR. RAJAK M 45 Indian Justice Party

9 SURESH KR. RAI M 41 Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

10 JHAGARU MAHATO M 48 Independent

11 PARASNATH PANDEY M 48 Independent

12 MD. MURTAZA ANSARI(DR. LAL) M 40 Independent

S04 4 BR SHEOHAR 23-Apr-09 1 MD. ANWARUL HAQUE M 58 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 MD. TANVEER ZAFER M 33 Communist Party of India

3 RAMA DEVI F 60 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 LOVELY ANAND M 35 Indian National Congress

5 SITARAM SINGH M 60 Rashtriya Janata Dal

6 ARUN SAH M 30 Bharatiya Loktantrik Party(Gandhi-Lohiawadi)

7 BASDEO SAH M 36 Indian Justice Party

8 SHATRUGHANA SAHU M 38 Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

9 AJAY KUMAR PANDEY M 36 Independent

10 CHANDRIKA PRASAD M 34 Independent

11 MOHAMMAD FIROZ AHAMAD M 28 Independent

12 MOHSIN M 29 Independent

13 YOGENDRA RAM M 38 Independent

14 RAM ASHISH, MAHTO M 64 Independent

15 SUNIL SINGH M 44 Independent

S04 5 BR SITAMARHI 23-Apr-09 1 ARJUN ROY M 37 Janata Dal (United)

2 MAYA SHANKAR SHARAN M 47 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SAMIR KUMAR MAHASETH M 49 Indian National Congress

4 SITARAM YADAV M 61 Rashtriya Janata Dal

5 S. ABU DAUJANA M 41 Loktantrik Samata Dal

6 CHITARANJAN GIRI M 42 Rashtriya Pragati Party

7 MOHAMMAD AFZAL PAINTHER M 44 Ambedkar National Congress

8 SHANKAR SINHA M 51 Revolutionary Socialist Party

9 CHANDRIKA PRASAD M 34 Independent

10 ZAHID M 30 Independent

11 DINESH PRASAD M 40 Independent

12 PAPPU KUMAR MISHRA M 30 Independent

13 MUKESH KUMAR GUPTA M 39 Independent

14 RAVINDRA KUMAR M 36 Independent

15 RAM KISHORE PRASAD M 71 Independent

16 SONE LAL SAH M 61 Independent

S04 6 BR MADHUBANI 23-Apr-09 1 ABDULBARI SIDDIKI M 62 Rashtriya Janata Dal

2 LAXMANKANT MISHRA M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 DR SHAKEEL AHAMAD M 52 Indian National Congress

4 HUKM DEO NARAYAN YADAV M 72 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 DR HEMCHANDRA JHA M 48 Communist Party of India

6 MINTU KUMAR SINGH M 30 Jago Party

7 MISHRI LAL YADAV M 39 Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party

8 RAMCHANDRA YADAV M 65 Krantikari Samyavadi Party

9 RAM SAGAR SAHANI M 51 Indian Justice Party

10 MD ZINNUR M 47 Independent

11 RAVINDRA THAKUR M 40 Independent

12 RAJESHWAR YADAV M 37 Independent

13 SANJAY KUMAR MAHTO M 36 Independent

14 HARIBHUSHAN THAKUR “BACHOL” M 44 Independent

S04 7 BR JHANJHARPUR 23-Apr-09 1 KRIPANATH PATHAK M 65 Indian National Congress

2 GAURI SHANKAR YADAV M 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 DEVENDRA PRASAD YADAV M 53 Rashtriya Janata Dal

4 MANGANI LAL MANDAL M 60 Janata Dal (United)

5 DR KIRTAN PRASAD SINGH M 50 Loktantrik Samata Dal

6 YOGNATH MANDAL M 36 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7 OM PRAKASH M 27 Independent

8 NATHUNI YADAV M 57 Independent

9 FIROZ ALAM M 38 Independent

10 VIVEKA NAND JHA M 33 Independent

11 SHANKAR PRASAD M 26 Independent

S04 14 BR DARBHANGA 23-Apr-09 1 AJAY KUMAR JALAN M 49 Indian National Congress

2 MD. ALI ASHRAF FATMI M 53 Rashtriya Janata Dal

3 KIRTI AZAD M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 YUGESHWAR SAHNI M 55 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 KUMARI SURESHWARI F 60 Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party

6 MD. KHURSHID ALAM M 46 Apna Dal

7 DURGANAND MAHAVIR NAYAK M 37 Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

8 MD. NIZAMUDDIN M 36 Indian Justice Party

9 SATYANARAYAN MUKHIA M 41 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

10 ABDUR RAHIM M 49 Independent

11 GOVIND ACHARAY M 27 Independent

12 BHARAT YADAV M 54 Independent

13 LALBAHADUR YADAV M 35 Independent

14 PROF. HARERAM ACHARAY M 49 Independent

S04 15 BR MUZAFFARPUR 23-Apr-09 1 CAPTAIN JAI NARAYAN PRASAD NISHAD M 78 Janata Dal (United)

2 BHAGWANLAL SAHNI M 57 Lok Jan Shakti Party

3 VINITA VIJAY F 41 Indian National Congress

4 SAMEER KUMAR M 41 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 JITENDRA YADAV M 35 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6 DINESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA M 32 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

7 DEVENDRA RAKESH M 49 Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

8 NEELU SINGH F 36 Proutist Sarva Samaj

9 MAHENDRA PRASAD M 63 Rashtriya Pragati Party

10 MITHILESH KUMAR M 40 Rashtra Sewa Dal

11 MOHAMMAD SHAMIM M 31 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

12 MD. RAHAMTULLAHA M 37 Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

13 RAM DAYAL RAM M 48 All India Forward Bloc

14 REYAJ AHMAD ATISH M 62 Jago Party

15 MD. SALEEM M 36 Rashtravadi Janata Party

16 ASHOK KUMAR LALAN M 37 Independent

17 AHMAD RAZA M 31 Independent

18 GEORGE FERNANDES M 78 Independent

19 TARKESHWAR PASWAN M 38 Independent

20 VIJENDRA CHAUDHARY M 42 Independent

21 VINOD PASWAN M 35 Independent

22 SHAMBHU SAHNI M 37 Independent

23 SADANAND KISHORE THAKUR M 38 Independent

24 SYED ALAMDAR HUSSAIN M 27 Independent

S04 16 BR VAISHALI 23-Apr-09 1 RAGHUVANSH PRASAD SINGH M 62 Rashtriya Janata Dal

2 VIJAY KUMAR SHUKLA M 38 Janata Dal (United)

3 SHANKAR MAHTO M 37 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 HIND KESRI YADAV M 58 Indian National Congress

5 PUNAMRI DEVI F 37 United Women Front

6 PRAMOD KUMAR SHARMA M 27 Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

7 BADRI PASWAN M 39 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

8 BALAK NATH SAHANI M 39 Indian Justice Party

9 LALJI KUMAR RAKESH M 35 Rashtra Sewa Dal

10 BINOD PANDIT M 29 Lokpriya Samaj Party

11 INDARDEO RAI M 46 Independent

12 JITENDRA PRASAD M 34 Independent

S04 21 BR HAJIPUR 23-Apr-09 1 DASAI CHOWDHARY M 52 Indian National Congress

2 MAHESHWAR DAS M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 RAM VILAS PASWAN M 61 Lok Jan Shakti Party

4 RAM SUNDAR DAS M 88 Janata Dal (United)

5 DINESH CHANDRA BHUSHAN M 36 Loktantrik Samata Dal

6 NAND LAL PASWAN M 47 Independent

7 PRATIMA KUMARI F 33 Independent

8 RAJENDRA KUMAR PASWAN M 54 Independent

9 RAM TIRTH PASWAN M 59 Independent

10 VISHWA VIJAY KUMAR VIDHYARTHI M 30 Independent

11 SANJAY PASHWAN M 30 Independent

S04 22 BR UJIARPUR 23-Apr-09 1 ASWAMEDH DEVI F 40 Janata Dal (United)

2 ALOK KUMAR MEHTA M 40 Rashtriya Janata Dal

3 RAMDEO VERMA M 62 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

4 VIJAYWANT KUMAR CHOUDHARY M 60 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 SHEEL KUMAR ROY M 40 Indian National Congress

6 CHANDRA DEO ROY M 48 Socialist Party (Lohia)

7 JAI NARAYAN SAH M 53 Bajjikanchal Vikas Party

8 JITENDRA KUMAR ROY M 32 Shivsena

9 TOSHAN SAH M 62 Rashtriya Pragati Party

10 MD. TAUKIR M 40 Samata Party

11 MASSOD HASSAN M 29 Muslim League Kerala State Committee

12 RAMNATH SINGH M 36 Rashtra Sewa Dal

13 ARJUN SAHNI M 28 Independent

14 PRADEEP KUMAR M 41 Independent

15 BRAJESH KUMAR NIRALA M 51 Independent

16 MANSOOR M 42 Independent

17 MOHAN PAUL M 47 Independent

18 MOHAMMAD KURBAN M 43 Independent

19 RATAN SAHNI M 46 Independent

20 RAM SAGAR MAHTO M 45 Independent

21 SANJAY KUMAR JHA M 36 Independent

22 SUJIT KUMAR BHAGAT M 29 Independent

S04 23 BR SAMASTIPUR 23-Apr-09 1 DR. ASHOK KUMAR M 54 Indian National Congress

2 MAHESWER HAZARI M 38 Janata Dal (United)

3 RAM CHANDRA PASWAN M 47 Lok Jan Shakti Party

4 BINDESHWAR PASWAN M 59 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 UPENDRA PASWAN M 42 Loktantrik Samata Dal

6 JEEBACHH PASWAN M 41 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7 RANDHIR PASWAN M 27 Independent

8 RAJA RAM DAS M 56 Independent

9 REKHA KUMARI F 29 Independent

10 SHIVCHANDRA PASWAN M 31 Independent

11 SATISH MAHTO M 33 Independent

S05 1 GA NORTH GOA 23-Apr-09 1 CHRISTOPHER FONSECA M 55 Communist Party of India

2 JITENDRA RAGHURAJ DESHPRABHU M 53 Nationalist Congress Party

3 RAUT PANDURANG DATTARAM M 62 Maharashtrawadi Gomantak

4 SHRIPAD YESSO NAIK M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 UPENDRA CHANDRU GAONKAR M 48 Shivsena

6 NARACINVA SURYA SALGAONKAR M 51 Independent

7 MARTHA D’ SOUZA F 55 Independent

S05 2 GA SOUTH GOA 23-Apr-09 1 COSME FRANCISCO CAITANO SARDINHA M 62 Indian National Congress

2 ADV. NARENDRA KESHAV SAWAIKAR M 42 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 ADV. RAJU MANGESHKAR ALIAS RAJENDRA NAIK M 52 Communist Party of India

4 ROHIDAS HARICHANDRA BORKAR M 63 Save Goa Front

5 MATANHY SALDANHA M 60 United Goans Democratic Party

6 DIAS JAWAHAR M 53 Independent

7 DERICK DIAS M 41 Independent

8 FRANCISCO ANTONIO JOAO DE PHILOMENO FERNANDES M 66 Independent

9 MULLA SALIM M 25 Independent

10 SALUNKE SMITA PRAVEEN F 38 Independent

11 HAMZA KHAN M 57 Independent

S09 5 JK UDHAMPUR 23-Apr-09 1 ADREES AHMAD TABBASUM M 45 Communist Party of India

2 BALBIR SINGH M 53 Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party

3 PROF. BHIM SINGH M 69 Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party

4 RAKESH WAZIR M 29 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 CH. LAL SINGH M 50 Indian National Congress

6 DR. NIRMAL SINGH M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

7 BODH RAJ M 42 Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K

8 RAJESH MANCHANDA M 40 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

9 KANCHAN SHARMA F 40 Bharatiya Bahujan Party

10 MASTER WILLIAM GILL M 60 All India Forward Bloc

11 ATUL SHARMA M 30 Independent

12 DEV RAJ M 57 Independent

13 MOHD. YOUSUF M 46 Independent

14 NARESH DOGRA M 40 Independent

S10 1 KA CHIKKODI 23-Apr-09 1 KATTI RAMESH VISHWANATH M 44 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 PRAKASH BABANNA HUKKERI M 62 Indian National Congress

3 SHIVANAND WANTAMURI SIDDAMALLAPPA M 42 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 BANASHANKARI BHIMAPPA ITTAPPA M 32 Independent

5 MALLAPPA MARUTI KHATANVE M 60 Independent

6 YASHWANT MANOHAR SUTAR M 32 Independent

7 SHAILA SURESH KOLI F 37 Independent

S10 2 KA BELGAUM 23-Apr-09 1 AMARSINH VASANTRAO PATIL M 49 Indian National Congress

2 ANGADI SURESH CHANNABASAPPA M 55 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 A. B. PATIL M 56 Janata Dal (Secular)

4 RAMANAGOUDA SIDDANGOUDA PATIL M 66 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 ALLAPPA RAMAPPA PATIL M 31 Independent

6 KASTURI BASANAGOUDA BHAVI F 40 Independent

7 MOHAN. H. GADIWADDAR M 29 Independent

8 RAMCHANDRA MAREPPA TORGAL(CHALAWADI) M 66 Independent

9 VIJAYKUMAR JEENDATTA UPADHYE M 47 Independent

10 HANAJI ASHOK PANDU M 28 Independent

S10 4 KA BIJAPUR 23-Apr-09 1 ALMELKAR VILASABABU BASALINGAPPA M 46 Janata Dal (Secular)

2 KANAMADI SUDHAKAR MALLESH M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 PRAKASH KUBASING RATHOD M 48 Indian National Congress

4 RAMESH CHANDAPPA JIGAJINAGI M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 NARASAPPA TIPPANNA BANDIWADDAR M 48 Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha

6 LAMANI CHANDRAKANT RUPASING M 38 Lok Jan Shakti Party

7 ARAKERI NIRMALA SRINIVAS F 35 Independent

8 CHALAWADI RAMANNA M 54 Independent

9 SEVALAL SOMASHEKAR PURAPPA M 46 Independent

10 HARIJAN AMBANNA TUKARAM M 33 Independent

S10 5 KA GULBARGA 23-Apr-09 1 BABU HONNA NAIK M 55 Janata Dal (Secular)

2 MALLIKARJUN KHARGE M 67 Indian National Congress

3 MAHADEV. B. DHANNI M 51 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 REVUNAIK BELAMGI M 70 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 DR. K. T. PALUSKAR M 53 Prabuddha Republican Party

6 RAVIKUMAR SHALIMANI SEDAM M 34 Ambedkar National Congress

7 SHANKER KODLA M 73 Janata Dal (United)

8 SHANKAR JADHAV M 48 Bharatiya Peoples Party

9 H.V. DIWAKAR M 46 Independent

10 SHIVAKUMAR . KOLLUR M 44 Independent

S10 6 KA RAICHUR 23-Apr-09 1 K.DEVANNA NAIK M 56 Janata Dal (Secular)

2 PAKKIRAPPA.S. M 51 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RAJA VENKATAPPA NAIK M 52 Indian National Congress

4 SHIVAKUMAR M 42 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 COM II. V.H.MASTER M 73 Independent

6 COMRADE V.MUDUKAPPA NAYAK M 36 Independent

7 R.MUDUKAPPA NAYAK M 44 Independent

8 K.SOMASHEKHAR M 43 Independent

S10 7 KA BIDAR 23-Apr-09 1 GURUPADAPPA NAGMARPALLI M 25 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 JAGANNATH.R.JAMADAR M 25 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 N.DHARAM SINGH M 25 Indian National Congress

4 SUBHASH TIPPANNA NELGE M 25 Janata Dal (Secular)

5 ADVOCATE MOULVI ZAMEERUDDIN M 25 National Development Party

6 BHASKAR BABU PATERPALLI M 25 Indian Christian Secular Party

7 SHRAVAN SANGONDA BHANDE M 25 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

8 SUBHASH CHANDRA G.KHAPATE M 25 Laghujan Samaj Vikas Party

9 AMRUTHAPPA.M.D M 25 Independent

10 MD ARSHAD AHMED ANSARI M 25 Independent

11 KHAJA SAMEEUDDIN KHAJA MOINUDDIN M 25 Independent

12 JADHAV VENKAT RAO GYANOBA RAO M 25 Independent

13 DONGAPURE SHANT KUMAR M 25 Independent

14 DEVENDRAPPA SANGRAMAPPA PATIL M 25 Independent

15 NARSAPPA MUTHANGI M 25 Independent

16 PARMESHWAR RAMCHANDRA M 25 Independent

17 PASHAMIYA ESMAIL SAB M 25 Independent

18 BASWARAJ PAILWAN OKALLI M 25 Independent

19 MANJILE MIYYA PEER SAB QURESH M 25 Independent

20 MD OSMAN ALI LAKHPATI M 25 Independent

21 MUFTI SHAIKH ABDUL GAFFAR QASMI M 25 Independent

22 YEVATE PATIL SHRIMANT M 25 Independent

23 YASHWANTH NARSING M 25 Independent

24 SHIVARAJ TIMMANNA BOKKE M 25 Independent

25 SAMEEUDDIN BANDELI M 25 Independent

26 SURESH SWAMY TALGHATKER M 25 Independent

27 SYED QUBUL ULLA HUSSIANI SAJID M 25 Independent

S10 8 KA KOPPAL 23-Apr-09 1 ANSARI IQBAL M 50 Janata Dal (Secular)

2 BASAVARAJ RAYAREDDY M 53 Indian National Congress

3 SHIVAPUTRAPPA GUMAGERA M 42 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SHIVARAMAGOUDA SHIVANAGOUDA M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 ZAKEER M 30 Lok Jan Shakti Party

6 BASAVARAJ KARADI WADDARAHATTI M 27 Janata Dal (United)

7 BHARADWAJ M 63 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

8 ISHWARAPPA J M 52 Independent

9 UPPARA HANUMANTAPPA M 33 Independent

10 GOUSIA BEGUM F 31 Independent

11 CHAKRAVARTI NAYAK T M 70 Independent

12 CHANDRASHEKAR M 37 Independent

13 NAJEER HUSAIN M 41 Independent

14 PUJAR D.H M 42 Independent

15 MAREMMA YANKAPPA F 40 Independent

16 SHARABHAYYA HIREMATH M 27 Independent

17 SHIVAKUMAR NAVALI SIDDAPPA TONTAPUR M 44 Independent

18 HANDI RAFIQSAB M 53 Independent

S10 9 KA BELLARY 23-Apr-09 1 T. NAGENDRA M 44 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 J. SHANTHA F 35 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 N.Y. HANUMANTHAPPA M 69 Indian National Congress

4 CHOWDAPPA M 29 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

5 D. GANGANNA M 59 Independent

6 B. RAMAIAH M 60 Independent

7 A. RAMANJANAPPA M 41 Independent

S10 12 KA UTTARA KANNADA 23-Apr-09 1 ANANTKUMAR HEGDE M 40 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 ALVA MARGARET F 67 Indian National Congress

3 HADAPAD BASAVARAJ DUNDAPPA M 28 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 V D HEGADE M 68 Janata Dal (Secular)

5 ELISH KOTIYAL M 44 Janata Dal (United)

6 D M GURAV M 49 Shivsena

7 ABDUL RASHEED SHAIKH M 44 Independent

8 UDAY BABU KHALVADEKAR M 57 Independent

9 KHAZI RAHMATULLA ABDUL WAHAB M 60 Independent

10 L P M NAIK M 39 Independent

11 YASHWANT TIMMANNA NIPPANIKAR M 58 Independent

S10 18 KA CHITRADURGA 23-Apr-09 1 JANARDHANA SWAMY M 41 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 M JAYANNA M 58 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 DR. B THIPPESWAMY M 37 Indian National Congress

4 M RATHNAKAR M 42 Janata Dal (Secular)

5 SHASHISHEKAR NAIK M 46 Rashtriya Janata Dal

6 M KUMBAIAH M 56 Independent

7 GANESHA M 48 Independent

8 K H DURGASIMHA M 61 Independent

9 RAMACHANDRA M 49 Independent

10 B SUJATHA F 33 Independent

11 HANUMANTHAPPA TEGNOOR M 59 Independent

S10 19 KA TUMKUR 23-Apr-09 1 ASHOK M 59 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 P. KODANDARAMAIAH M 69 Indian National Congress

3 G.S. BASAVARAJU M 67 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 S.P. MUDDAHANUMEGOWDA M 55 Janata Dal (Secular)

5 SREE GOWRISHANKARA SWAMIGALU M 63 Samajwadi Party

6 D.R. NAGARAJA M 53 Independent

7 G. NAGENDRA M 34 Independent

8 NIRANJANA C.S M 29 Independent

9 MOHAMED KHASIM M 47 Independent

10 SHASIBHUSHANA M 34 Independent

S10 23 KA BANGALORE RURAL 23-Apr-09 1 H.D.KUMARASWAMY M 49 Janata Dal (Secular)

2 TEJASVINI GOWDA F 42 Indian National Congress

3 MOHAMED HAFEEZ ULLAH M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 C. P. YOGEESHWARA M 45 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 C.THOPAIAH M 56 Janata Dal (United)

6 I VENKATESWARA REDDY M 55 Pyramid Party of India

7 AGNISHREENIVAS M 30 Independent

8 D.KUMARASWAMY M 43 Independent

9 KUMARASWAMY C M 28 Independent

10 KRISHNAPPA M 46 Independent

11 Y.CHINNAPPA M 33 Independent

12 A CHOWRAPPA M 44 Independent

13 DR. K PADMARAJAN M 50 Independent

14 K.PUTTAMADEGOWDA M 40 Independent

15 T.M.MANCHEGOWDA M 62 Independent

S10 24 KA BANGALORE NORTH 23-Apr-09 1 D. B. CHANDRE GOWDA M 73 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 C. K. JAFFER SHARIEF M 75 Indian National Congress

3 PADMAA K. BHAT F 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 R. SURENDRA BABU M 48 Janata Dal (Secular)

5 M. TIPPUVARDHAN M 39 Bharatiya Praja Paksha

6 ANCHAN KHANNA M 34 Independent

7 KANYA KUMAR M 36 Independent

8 G S KUMAR M 68 Independent

9 C. KRISHNAMURTHY M 45 Independent

10 B K CHANDRA M 38 Independent

11 T. R. CHANDRAHASA M 45 Independent

12 ABDUL JALEEL M 39 Independent

13 ZAFER MOHIUDDIN M 48 Independent

14 JOSEPH SOLOMON M 39 Independent

15 L. NAGARAJ M 52 Independent

16 V. PRASANNA KUMAR M 38 Independent

17 H. PILLAIAH M 46 Independent

18 T. B. MADWARAJA M 33 Independent

19 MEER LAYAQ HUSSAIN M 42 Independent

20 K. A. MOHAN M 51 Independent

21 S. M. RAJU M 52 Independent

22 L. LAKSHMAIAH M 64 Independent

23 MU. VENKATESHAIAH M 50 Independent

24 VENKATESA SETTY M 63 Independent

25 H. A. SHIVAKUMAR M 30 Independent

26 K. SATHYANARAYANA M 57 Independent

27 SYED AKBAR BASHA M 50 Independent

28 N. HARISH GOWDA M 33 Independent

S10 25 KA BANGALORE CENTRAL 23-Apr-09 1 ZAMEER AHMED KHAN. B.Z M 43 Janata Dal (Secular)

2 P. C. MOHAN M 45 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 VIJAY RAJA SINGH M 37 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 H.T.SANGLIANA M 67 Indian National Congress

5 IFTHAQUAR ALI BHUTTO M 37 Ambedkar National Congress

6 J.D.ELANGOVAN M 64 Indian Justice Party

7 S M KRISHNA M 44 Bharatiya Praja Paksha

8 B KRISHNA PRASAD M 55 Proutist Sarva Samaj Party

9 A.S. PAUL M 60 Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

10 D.C. PRAKASH M 41 Karnataka Thamizhar Munnetra Kazhagam

11 K.PRABHAKARA REDDY M 61 Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha

12 T.K.PREMKUMAR M 45 Pyramid Party of India

13 ABHIMANI NARENDRA M 50 Independent

14 M.A. ASHWATHA NARAYANA SETTY M 64 Independent

15 K UMA F 46 Independent

16 UMASHANKAR M 42 Independent

17 K.S.S.IYENGAR M 77 Independent

18 B.M.KRISHNAREDDY M 64 Independent

19 S.KODANDARAM M 50 Independent

20 C.V.GIDDAPPA M 55 Independent

21 A.CHANDRASHEKAR M 45 Independent

22 JAYARAMA M 60 Independent

23 K.NARASIMHA M 38 Independent

24 B.K NARAYANA SWAMY M 52 Independent

25 P.PARTHIBAN M 34 Independent

26 MEER LAYAQ HUSSAIN M 42 Independent

27 B.MOHAN VELU M 39 Independent

28 R. RAJ M 49 Independent

29 E. RAMAKRISHNAIAH M 50 Independent

30 K.H.RAMALINGAREDDY M 41 Independent

31 VIJAYA BHASKAR N M 61 Independent

32 DR.D. R.VENKATESH GOWDA M 82 Independent

33 SHAFFI AHMED M 50 Independent

34 S.N. SHARMA M 67 Independent

35 SHASHIKUMAR A.R M 43 Independent

36 K.SHIVARAMANNA M 55 Independent

37 SHAIK BAHADUR M 54 Independent

S10 26 KA BANGALORE SOUTH 23-Apr-09 1 ANANTH KUMAR M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 KRISHNA BYRE GOWDA M 36 Indian National Congress

3 NAHEEDA SALMA S F 47 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 PROF.RADHAKRISHNA M 63 Janata Dal (Secular)

5 B.M.GOVINDRAJ NAIK M 38 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

6 P.JOHNBASCO M 37 Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

7 VATAL NAGARAJ M 60 Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha

8 B.SHIVARAMAPPA M 62 Pyramid Party of India

9 ABHIMAANI NARENDRA M 50 Independent

10 KHADER ALI KHAN M 39 Independent

11 GANESH HANUMANTARAO MOKHASHI M 58 Independent

12 CAPT. G.R. GOPINATH M 57 Independent

13 K.C.JANARDHAN M 46 Independent

14 DR.JAYALAKSHMI.H.G. F 48 Independent

15 K.M.NARAYANA M 54 Independent

16 MADESH.C M 40 Independent

17 MURALIDHARA.D.J. M 44 Independent

18 RAVI KUMARA.T. M 26 Independent

19 SUGANDHARAJE URS M 59 Independent

20 SANTHOSH MIN.B M 33 Independent

S10 27 KA CHIKKBALLAPUR 23-Apr-09 1 C.ASWATHANARAYANA M 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 C.R.MANOHAR M 29 Janata Dal (Secular)

3 M.VEERAPPA MOILY M 69 Indian National Congress

4 HENNURU LAKSHMINARAYANA M 49 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 M.RAMAKRISHNAIAH M 40 Pyramid Party of India

6 M.VENKATESH M 55 Bharatiya Praja Paksha

7 H.R.SHIVAKUMAR M 39 Lok Jan Shakti Party

8 KRISHNAMURTHY .T M 70 Independent

9 K.S.CHANDRASHEKARA RAO (AZAD) M 54 Independent

10 L.NAGARAJ M 52 Independent

11 G.NARAYANAPPA M 62 Independent

12 A.N.BACHEGOWDA M 50 Independent

13 G.B.MUTHUKUMAR M 62 Independent

14 M.MUNIVENKATAIAH M 64 Independent

15 M.RAMESH M 30 Independent

16 RAVI GOKRE M 32 Independent

17 G.N. RAVI M 45 Independent

18 K.VENKATAREDDY M 36 Independent

19 B.SHIVARAJA M 40 Independent

20 Y.A.SIDDALINGEGOWDA M 42 Independent

S10 28 KA KOLAR 23-Apr-09 1 G.CHANDRANNA M 56 Janata Dal (Secular)

2 K.H.MUNIYAPPA M 61 Indian National Congress

3 N.MUNISWAMY M 57 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 LAKSHMI SHANMUGAM F 56 Nationalist Congress Party

5 D.S.VEERAIAH M 60 Bharatiya Janata Party

6 K.R.DEVARAJA M 51 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

7 B.M.KRISHNAPPA M 59 Independent

8 M.R.GANTAPPA M 46 Independent

9 P.V.CHANGALARAYAPPA M 38 Independent

10 P.CHANDRAPPA M 42 Independent

11 V.JAYARAMA M 59 Independent

12 JAYARAMAPPA M 45 Independent

13 NAGARATHNA M. F 47 Independent

14 M.NAGARAJA M 35 Independent

15 NARAYANASWAMY M 49 Independent

16 K.NARAYANASWAMY M 37 Independent

17 C.K.MUNIYAPPA M 43 Independent

18 M.RAVI KUMAR M 36 Independent

19 M.VENKATASWAMY M 55 Independent

20 K.VENKATESH M 40 Independent

21 SRINIVASA T.O. M 37 Independent

22 SRINIVASA P. M 42 Independent

S12 8 MP KHAJURAHO 23-Apr-09 1 JAYAWANT SINGH M 49 Samajwadi Party

2 JEETENDRA SINGH M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RAJA PATERYA M 49 Indian National Congress

4 SEWA LAL PATEL M 49 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 M. SHAKIL M 38 Gondwana Mukti Sena

6 SAROJ BACHCHAN NAYAK F 56 Janata Dal (United)

7 SURYA BHAN SINGH ‘YADAV GURUJI’ M 75 All India Forward Bloc

8 AKEEL KHAN M 43 Independent

9 AKANCHHA JAIN F 34 Independent

10 KRISHNA SHARAN SINGH (RAJA BHAIYA) M 36 Independent

11 NARENDRA KUMAR M 54 Independent

12 RAJENDRA AHIRWAR M 43 Independent

13 RAM NATH LODHI M 41 Independent

14 SHABNAM (MAUSI) F 48 Independent

15 SHUKL SITARAM M 48 Independent

S12 9 MP SATNA 23-Apr-09 1 GANESH SINGH M 46 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 PT. RAJARAM TRIPATHI M 56 Samajwadi Party

3 SUKHLAL KUSHWAHA M 46 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SUDHIR SINGH TOMAR M 41 Indian National Congress

5 ONKAR SINGH M 56 Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party

6 GIRJA SINGH PATEL M 49 Apna Dal

7 CHHOTELAL SINGH GOND M 65 Gondwana Mukti Sena

8 PRAMILA F 43 Republican Party of India (A)

9 B BALLABH CHARYA M 38 Advait Ishwasyam Congress

10 RAJESH SINGH BAGHEL M 41 Gondvana Gantantra Party

11 SHOBHNATH SEN M 29 Lok Jan Shakti Party

12 SUNDERLAL CHAUDHARI M 64 Indian Justice Party

13 ASHOK KUMAR KUSHWAHA M 33 Independent

14 ASHOK KUSHWAHA M 28 Independent

15 CHHOTELAL M 59 Independent

16 BHAIYALAL URMALIYA M 62 Independent

17 MANISH KUMAR JAIN M 31 Independent

18 MUNNI KRANTI F 44 Independent

19 RAMVISHWAS BASORE M 38 Independent

20 RAM SAJIVAN M 46 Independent

21 RAMAYAN CHAUDHARI M 39 Independent

S12 10 MP REWA 23-Apr-09 1 CHANDRA MANI TRIPATHI M 62 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 DEORAJ SINGH PATEL M 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 PUSHPRAJ SINGH M 48 Samajwadi Party

4 SUNDER LAL TIWARI M 51 Indian National Congress

5 BADRI PRASAD KUSHWAHA M 47 Apna Dal

6 RAMKISHAN NIRAT (SAKET) M 32 Republican Party of India (A)

7 RAMAYAN PRASAD PATEL M 42 Yuva Vikas Party

8 VIMALA SONDHIA F 53 Lok Jan Shakti Party

9 SALMA F 33 All India Forward Bloc

10 MD. AKEEL KHAN (BACHCHA BHAI) M 34 Independent

11 JAIKARAN SAKET M 48 Independent

12 BRAHMDUTTMISHRA ALIAS CHHOTE MURAITHA M 46 Independent

13 SUKHENDRA PRATAP M 44 Independent

14 SUNDAR LAL M 37 Independent

15 HIRALAL VISHWAKARMA M 56 Independent

S12 11 MP SIDHI 23-Apr-09 1 ASHOK KUMAR SHAH M 34 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 INDRAJEET KUMAR M 61 Indian National Congress

3 GOVIND PRASAD MISHRA M 60 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 MANIK SINGH M 43 Samajwadi Party

5 LOLAR SINGH URETI M 29 Gondwana Mukti Sena

6 VEENA SINGH NETI F 34 Gondvana Gantantra Party

7 BABOOLAL JAISWAL M 39 Independent

8 MADAN MOHAN JAISWAL (ADVOCATE) M 36 Independent

9 MAHENDRA BHAIYA (DIKSHIT) M 42 Independent

10 RAMAKANT PANDEY MALAIHNA M 63 Independent

11 VEENA SINGH (VEENA DIDI) F 56 Independent

S12 12 MP SHAHDOL 23-Apr-09 1 CHANDRA PRATAP SINGH (BABA SAHAB) M 51 Samajwadi Party

2 NARENDRA SINGH MARAVI M 29 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 MANOHAR SINGH MARAVI M 46 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 RAJESH NANDINI SINGH F 52 Indian National Congress

5 SADAN SINGH BHARIA M 39 Communist Party of India

6 KRISHN PAL SINGH PAVEL M 29 Lok Jan Shakti Party

7 GANPAT GOND M 38 Gondwana Mukti Sena

8 RAM RATAN SINGH PAVLE M 28 Gondvana Gantantra Party

S12 13 MP JABALPUR 23-Apr-09 1 AZIZ QURESHI M 64 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA M 40 Samajwadi Party

3 RAKESH SINGH M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 ADVOCATE RAMESHWAR NEEKHRA M 61 Indian National Congress

5 MEERCHAND PATEL (KACHHVAHA) M 63 Republican Party of India

6 RAVI MAHOBIA (KUNDAM) M 29 Gondvana Gantantra Party

7 RAJKUMARI SINGH F 40 Lok Jan Shakti Party

8 HARI SINGH MARAVI M 36 Gondwana Mukti Sena

9 DR. MUKESH MEHROTRA M 57 Independent

10 RAKESH SONKAR (PRAMUKH DHAI AKSHAR) M 39 Independent

11 SUNIL PATEL M 38 Independent

S12 14 MP MANDLA 23-Apr-09 1 JALSO DHURWEY F 25 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 FAGGAN SINGH KULASTE M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 BASORI SINGH MASRAM M 59 Indian National Congress

4 UDAL SINGH DHURWEY M 35 Loktanrik Sarkar Party

5 JHANK SINGH KUSHRE M 37 Gondvana Gantantra Party

6 PREM SINGH MARAVI M 35 Gondwana Mukti Sena

7 BHAGAT SINGH VARKEDE M 45 Lok Jan Shakti Party

8 MANESHWARI NAIK F 65 Republican Party of India (A)

9 SUNITA NETI F 33 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

10 CHANDRA SHEKHAR DHURWEY M 46 Independent

11 CHAMBAL SING MARAWEE M 62 Independent

12 DEV SINGH BHALAVI M 25 Independent

13 SHIVCHARAN UIKEY M 26 Independent

14 SAHDEO PRASAD MARAVI M 43 Independent

S12 15 MP BALAGHAT 23-Apr-09 1 AJAB LAL M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 KISHOR SAMRITE M 42 Samajwadi Party

3 KANKAR MUNJARE M 52 Rashtriya Janata Dal

4 K. D. DESHMUKH M 60 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 VISHVESHWAR BHAGAT M 57 Indian National Congress

6 KALPANA GOPAL WASNIK F 38 Republican Party of India (A)

7 DARBU SINGH UIKEY M 37 Gondwana Mukti Sena

8 BHAIYA BALKRISHNA M 53 Gondvana Gantantra Party

9 ADVOCATE AZHAR UL ALIM M 58 Independent

10 ANJU ASHOK UIKEY F 34 Independent

11 GOVARDHAN PATLE URF HITLAR M 75 Independent

12 JITENDRA MESHRAM M 37 Independent

13 DHANESHWAR LILHARE M 40 Independent

14 NYAZMIR KHAN M 32 Independent

15 POORANLAL LODHI M 37 Independent

16 MANSINGH BISEN M 59 Independent

17 SANDEEP SANTRAM M 31 Independent

18 SHRIRAM THAKUR M 58 Independent

S12 16 MP CHHINDWARA 23-Apr-09 1 KAMAL NATH M 62 Indian National Congress

2 MAROT RAO KHAVASE M 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RAO SAHEB SHINDE M 46 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 JOGILAL IRPACHI M 48 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5 PARDHESHI HARTAPSAH TIRKAM M 40 Gondwana Mukti Sena

6 BALVEER SINGH YADAV M 30 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

7 RAMKISHAN PAL M 62 Republican Party of India (A)

8 SATAP SHA UIKEY M 35 Gondvana Gantantra Party

9 ABDUL SHAMAD KHAN M 45 Independent

10 AMRITLAL PATHAK RAGHUVAR M 70 Independent

11 ASHARAM DEHARIYA M 33 Independent

12 KAMALNATH (MAYAWADI-PARASIA) M 31 Independent

13 GANARAM UIKEY M 53 Independent

14 AZAD CHANDRASHEKHER PANDOLE SAMAJ SEVAK M 42 Independent

15 JAGDISH BAIS M 35 Independent

16 TULSIRAM SURYAWANSHI M 62 Independent

17 DUARAM UIKEY M 40 Independent

18 DHANPAL BHALAVI M 35 Independent

19 DHANRAJ JAMBHATKAR M 37 Independent

20 NARESH KUMAR YUVNATI M 33 Independent

21 NIKHILESH DHURVEY M 30 Independent

22 PITRAM UIKEY M 48 Independent

23 PRAVINDRA NAURATI M 37 Independent

24 MANMOHAN SHAH BATTI M 46 Independent

25 R.K. MARKAM M 28 Independent

26 SHOAIB KHAN M 44 Independent

27 SUKMAN INVATI M 42 Independent

28 SUBHASH SHUKLA M 40 Independent

S12 17 MP HOSHANGABAD 23-Apr-09 1 UDAY PRATAP SINGH M 44 Indian National Congress

2 ADV.B.M.KAUSHIK M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 HAJAEE SYID MUEEN UDDIN M 47 Samajwadi Party

4 RAMPAL SINGH M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 DINESH KUMAR AHIRWAR M 42 Independent

6 BHARAT KUMAR CHOUREY M 29 Independent

7 MOHAMMD ABDULLA M 54 Independent

8 RAKHI GUPTA F 31 Independent

9 RAMPAL M 62 Independent

10 SUDAMA PRASAD M 55 Independent

S12 18 MP VIDISHA 23-Apr-09 1 DR.PREMSHANKAR SHARMA M 44 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 CHOUDHARY MUNABBAR SALIM M 50 Samajwadi Party

3 SUSHMA SWARAJ F 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 BHAI MUNSHILAL SILAWAT M 25 Republican Party of India (A)

5 RAMGOPAL MALVIYA M 35 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

6 HARBHAJAN JANGRE M 33 Lok Jan Shakti Party

7 GANESHRAM LODHI M 44 Independent

8 RAJESHWAR SINGH YADAV (RAO) M 39 Independent

S12 19 MP BHOPAL 23-Apr-09 1 ER. ASHOK NARAYAN SINGH M 53 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 KAILASH JOSHI M 79 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 MHOD. MUNAWAR KHAN KAUSAR M 44 Samajwadi Party

4 SURENDRA SINGH THAKUR M 55 Indian National Congress

5 ASHOK PAWAR M 47 Prajatantrik Samadhan Party

6 AHIRWAR LAKHANLAL PURVI M 42 Republican Party of India (A)

7 KARAN KUMAR KAROSIA URF KARAN JEEJA M 41 Gondvana Gantantra Party

8 RADHESHYAM KULASTE M 38 Gondwana Mukti Sena

9 RAMDAS GHOSLE M 54 Republican Party of India (Democratic )

10 SANJEEV SINGHAL M 42 Savarn Samaj Party

11 ANIL SINGH M 30 Independent

12 AMAR SINGH M 72 Independent

13 KAPIL DUBEY M 37 Independent

14 D. C. GUJARKAR M 52 Independent

15 DARSHAN SINGH RATHORE M 53 Independent

16 BRAJENDRA CHATURVEDI URF GAPPU CHATURVEDI M 35 Independent

17 DR. MAHESH YADAV ‘AMAN GANDHI’ M 40 Independent

18 MUKESH SEN M 32 Independent

19 MEHDI SIR M 30 Independent

20 RAJESH KUMAR YADAV M 42 Independent

21 RAM SAHAY YATRI (SHRIVASTAVA) URF RASHTRAVADI YATRI M 79 Independent

22 SHAHNAWAZ M 59 Independent

23 SHIV NARAYAN SINGH BAGWARE M 60 Independent

S12 29 MP BETUL 23-Apr-09 1 OJHARAM EVANE M 54 Indian National Congress

2 JYOTI DHURVE F 43 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RAMA KAKODIA M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 DR. SUKHDEV SINGH CHOUHAN M 42 Samajwadi Party

5 KALLUSINGH UIKEY M 59 Gondwana Mukti Sena

6 KADMU SINGH KUMARE (K.S.KUMARE) M 59 Gondvana Gantantra Party

7 GULABRAV M 53 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

8 MANGAL SINGH LOKHANDE M 51 Samajwadi Jan Parishad

9 SUSHILKUMAR ALIS BALUBHAIYYA M 39 Republican Party of India (A)

10 IMRATLAL MARKAM M 58 Independent

11 KAMAL SING M 45 Independent

12 KADAKSHING VADIVA M 27 Independent

13 KRISHNA GOPAL PARTE M 35 Independent

14 MOTIRAM MAVASE M 48 Independent

15 ADHIVAKTA SHANKAR PENDAM M 66 Independent

16 SUNIL KUMAR KAWADE M 27 Independent

S13 1 MH NANDURBAR 23-Apr-09 1 GAVIT MANIKRAO HODLYA M 75 Indian National Congress

2 NATAWADKAR SUHAS JYANT M 48 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 PADVI BABITA KARMSINGH F 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 KOKANI MANJULABAI SAKHARAM F 59 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5 GAVIT SHARAD KRUSHNRAO M 46 Samajwadi Party

6 ABHIJIT AATYA VASAVE M 30 Independent

7 KOLI RAJU RAMDAS M 34 Independent

S13 2 MH DHULE 23-Apr-09 1 AMARISHBHAI RASIKLAL PATEL M 56 Indian National Congress

2 RIZWAN MO.AKBAR M 34 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SONAWANE PRATAP NARAYANRAO M 60 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 ANIL ANNA GOTE M 61 Loksangram

5 ANSARI MOHD. ISMAIL MOHD. IBRAHIM M 37 Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh

6 ARIF AHMED SHAIKH JAFHAR M 99 Navbharat Nirman Party

7 KAVAYATRI-SONKANYA THAKUR RAJANI BAGWAN F 49 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

8 NIHAL AHMED MOLVI. MOHAMMED USMAN M 81 Janata Dal (Secular)

9 MD. ISMAIL JUMMAN M 49 Independent

10 KISHOR PITAMBAR AHIRE M 28 Independent

11 GAZI ATEZAD AHMED MUBEEN AHMED KHAN M 57 Independent

12 GAIKWAD PATIL BHUSHAN BAJIRAO M 28 Independent

13 DADASO. PANDITRAO PATIL KOKALEKAR M 55 Independent

14 SHEVALE PATIL SANDEEP JIBHAU M 31 Independent

15 SONAWANE PANDIT UTTAMRAO M 42 Independent

S13 3 MH JALGAON 23-Apr-09 1 A.T. NANA PATIL M 47 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 ADV. MATIN AHMED M 38 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 ADV. VASANTRAO JIVANRAO MORE M 63 Nationalist Congress Party

4 ATMARAM SURSING JADHAV (ENGG.) M 33 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

5 JADHAV NATTHU SHANKAR M 56 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6 JANGALU DEVRAM SHIRSATH M 65 Hindustan Janta Party

7 NANNAWARE CHAITANYA PANDIT M 33 Prabuddha Republican Party

8 LAXMAN SHIVAJI SHIRSATH (PATIL) M 42 Krantisena Maharashtra

9 ANIL PITAMBAR WAGH (SIR) M 38 Independent

10 KANTILAL CHHAGAN NAIK (BANJARA) M 39 Independent

11 WAGH SUDHAKAR ATMARAM M 26 Independent

12 SHALIGRAM SHIVRAM MAHAJAN (DEORE) M 49 Independent

13 SALIMODDIN ISAMODDIN SHE.(MISTARI) M 56 Independent

S13 4 MH RAVER 23-Apr-09 1 PATIL SURESH CHINDHU M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 ADV. RAVINDRA PRALHADRAO PATIL M 54 Nationalist Congress Party

3 HARIBHAU MADHAV JAWALE M 55 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 TELI SHAIKH ISMAIL HAJI HASAN M 57 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5 BAPU SAHEBRAO SONAWANE M 45 Prabuddha Republican Party

6 MARATHE BHIMRAO PARBAT M 51 Krantisena Maharashtra

7 SHIVAVEER DNYANESHWAR VITTHAL AMALE URPH AMALE SARKAR M 26 Shivrajya Party

8 IQBAL ALAUDDIN TADVI M 41 Independent

9 UTTAM KASHIRAM INGALE M 36 Independent

10 KOLI SANTOSH GOKUL M 25 Independent

11 FIRKE SURESH KACHARU EX ACP (CRPF) M 58 Independent

12 MAKBUL FARID SK. M 36 Independent

13 MOHD. MUNAWWAR MOHD. HANIF M 45 Independent

14 MORE HIRAMAN BHONAJI M 41 Independent

15 D.D. WANI (PHOTOGRAPHER) (DYNESHWAR DIWAKAR WANI) M 43 Independent

16 VIVEK SHARAD PATIL M 41 Independent

17 SHAIKH RAMJAN SHAIKH KARIM M 40 Independent

18 SUJATA IBRAHIM TADAVI F 45 Independent

19 SANJAY PRALADH KANDELKAR M 34 Independent

S13 18 MH JALNA 23-Apr-09 1 DR. KALE KALYAN VAIJINATHRAO M 46 Indian National Congress

2 DANVE RAOSAHEB DADARAO M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RATHOD RAJPALSINH GABRUSINH M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 AAPPASAHEB RADHAKISAN KUDHEKAR M 29 Krantisena Maharashtra

5 KISAN BALVANTA BORDE M 61 Prabuddha Republican Party

6 KHARAT ASHOK RAMRAO M 51 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

7 TAWAR KAILAS BHAUSAHEB M 45 Swatantra Bharat Paksha

8 DR. DILAWAR MIRZA BAIG M 29 Indian Union Muslim League

9 BHOJNE BABASAHEB SANGAM M 37 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

10 MISAL TUKARAM BABURAOJI M 48 Samajwadi Party

11 RATNAPARKHE ARCHANA SUDHAKAR F 31 Republician Party of India Ektawadi

12 SUBHASH FAKIRA SALVE M 43 Ambedkar National Congress

13 SAYYAD MAKSUD NOOR M 42 Lok Jan Shakti Party

14 KOLTE MANOJ NEMINATH M 26 Independent

15 KHANDU HARISHCHANDRA LAGHANE M 30 Independent

16 NADE DNYANESHWAR DAGDU M 41 Independent

17 BABASAHEB PATIL SHINDE M 53 Independent

18 SONWANE ASHOK VITTHAL M 45 Independent

19 S. HUSAIN AHEMAD M 37 Independent

S13 19 MH AURANGABAD 23-Apr-09 1 UTTAMSINGH RAJDHARSINGH PAWAR M 58 Indian National Congress

2 CHANDRAKANT KHAIRE M 57 Shivsena

3 SAYYED SALIM SAYYED YUSUF M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 JAHAGIRDAR MOHMAD AYUB GULAM M 55 Samajwadi Party

5 JYOTI RAMCHANDRA UPADHAYAY F 35 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6 PANDURANG WAMANRAO NARWADE M 39 Prabuddha Republican Party

7 BHIMSEN RAMBHAU KAMBLE M 44 Republician Party of India Ektawadi

8 MANIK RAMU SHINDE M 34 Krantisena Maharashtra

9 SHAIKH HARUN MALIK SAHEB M 50 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

10 UTTAM MANIK KIRTIKAR M 30 Independent

11 EJAZ KHAN BISMILLAH KHAN M 33 Independent

12 KAZI MUSHIRODDIN TAJODDIN M 63 Independent

13 KRISHNA DEVIDAS JADHAV M 25 Independent

14 JADHAV TOTARAM GANPAT M 51 Independent

15 JADHAV VISHNU SURYABHAN M 50 Independent

16 JADHAV SUBHASH RUPCHAND M 33 Independent

17 BANKAR MILIND RANUJI M 38 Independent

18 SHANTIGIRIJI MOUNGIRIJI MAHARAJ M 50 Independent

19 SHAIKH RAFIQ SHAIKH RAZZAK M 30 Independent

20 SHAIKH SALIM PATEL WAHEGAONKAR M 38 Independent

21 SAYYED RAUF SAYYED ZAMIR M 54 Independent

22 SUBHASH KISANRAO PATIL (JADHAV) M 47 Independent

S13 20 MH DINDORI 23-Apr-09 1 GAVIT JEEVA PANDU M 60 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 GANGURDE DIPAK SHANKAR M 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 CHAVAN HARISHCHANDRA DEORAM M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 ZIRWAL NARHARI SITARAM M 50 Nationalist Congress Party

5 PAWAR SAMPAT WAMAN M 30 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6 GANGURDE BALU KISAN M 37 Independent

7 BHIKA HARISING BARDE M 75 Independent

8 VIJAY NAMDEO PAWAR M 45 Independent

9 SHANKAR DEORAM GANGUDE M 51 Independent

S13 21 MH NASHIK 23-Apr-09 1 GAIKWAD DATTA NAMDEO M 47 Shivsena

2 SAMEER BHUJBAL M 35 Nationalist Congress Party

3 SHRIMAHANT SUDHIRDAS MAHARAJ M 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 KAILAS MADHUKAR CHAVAN M 28 Indian Justice Party

5 GODSE HEMANT TUKARAM M 38 Maharashtra Navnirman sena

6 JADHAV NAMDEO BHIKAJI M 57 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

7 RAYATE VIJAY SAKHARAM ( RAYATE SIR) M 52 Hindustan Janta Party

8 AD. GULVE RAMNATH SANTUJI M 42 Independent

9 DATTU GONYA GAIKWAD M 50 Independent

10 PRAVINCHANDRA DATTARAM DETHE M 42 Independent

11 BHARAT HIRMAN PARDESHI M 37 Independent

12 RAJENDRA SAMPATRAO KADU M 35 Independent

S13 32 MH RAIGAD 23-Apr-09 1 ANANT GEETE M 58 Shivsena

2 BARRISTER A.R. ANTULAY M 80 Indian National Congress

3 MOHITE KIRAN BABURAO M 34 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 EKANATH ARJUN PATIL M 48 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

5 ADV. PRAVIN MADHUKAR THAKUR M 39 Independent

6 DR. SIDDHARTH PATIL M 54 Independent

7 SUNIL BHASKAR NAIK M 51 Independent

S13 33 MH MAVAL 23-Apr-09 1 PANSARE AZAM FAKEERBHAI M 48 Nationalist Congress Party

2 BABAR GAJANAN DHARMSHI M 66 Shivsena

3 MISHRA UMAKANT RAMESHWAR M 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 AYU. DEEPALI NIVRUTTI CHAVAN F 35 Prabuddha Republican Party

5 PRADIP PANDURANG KOCHAREKAR M 49 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

6 ADV.SHIVSHANKAR DATTATRAY SHINDE M 31 Krantisena Maharashtra

7 ISHWAR DATTATRAY JADHAV M 46 Independent

8 JAGANNATH PANDURANG KHARGE M 38 Independent

9 DOLE BHIMRAJ NIVRUTTI M 38 Independent

10 ADVOCATE TUKARAM WAMANRAO BANSODE M 64 Independent

11 TANTARPALE GOPAL YASHWANTRAO M 43 Independent

12 ADVOCATE PRAMOD MAHADEV GORE M 56 Independent

13 BHAPKAR MARUTI SAHEBRAO M 38 Independent

14 MAHENDRA PRABHAKAR TIWARI M 41 Independent

15 BRO. MANUAL DESOZA M 45 Independent

16 YASHWANT NARAYAN DESAI M 42 Independent

17 SHAKEEL RAJBHAI SHAIKH M 38 Independent

18 HARIBHAU DADAJI SHINDE M 70 Independent

S13 34 MH PUNE 23-Apr-09 1 ANIL SHIROLE M 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 KALMADI SURESH M 64 Indian National Congress

3 D S K ALIAS D.S.KULKARNI M 58 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 ARUN BHATIA M 66 Peoples Guardian

5 GULAB TATYA WAGHMODE M 47 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6 BAGBAN JAVED KASIM M 26 Indian Union Muslim League

7 VIKRAMADITYA OMPRAKASH DHIMAN M 40 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

8 VINOD ANAND SINH M 55 Proutist Sarva Samaj Party

9 SHIROLE RANJEET SHRIKANT M 32 Maharashtra Navnirman sena

10 SAVITA HAJARE F 46 Pyramid Party of India

11 SANGHARSH ARUN APTE M 28 Prabuddha Republican Party

12 AJAY VASANT PAITHANKAR M 49 Independent

13 ADAGALE BHAUSAHEB RAMCHANDRA M 48 Independent

14 ASHOK GANPAT PALKHE ALIAS SUTAR M 45 Independent

15 KAMTAM ISWAR SAMBHAYYA M 67 Independent

16 KULKARNI KAUSTUBH SHASHIKANT M 26 Independent

17 KHAN AMANULLA MOHMOD AL M 55 Independent

18 KHAN NISSAR TAJ AHMAD M 44 Independent

19 P. K. CHAVAN M 80 Independent

20 CHOUDHARI SUNIL GULABRAO M 41 Independent

21 CHOURE VILAS CHINTAMAN M 45 Independent

22 TATYA ALIAS NARAYAN SHANKAR WAMBHIRE M 51 Independent

23 TAMBOLI SHABBIR SAJJANBHAI M 52 Independent

24 DATTATRAYA GANESH TALGERI M 61 Independent

25 BAGADE SACHIN MARUTI M 29 Independent

26 BALU ALIAS ANIL SHIROLE M 28 Independent

27 BHARAT MANOHAR GAVALI M 65 Independent

28 BHAGWAT RAGHUNATH KAMBLE M 35 Independent

29 RAJENDRA BHAGAT ALIAS JITU BHAI M 29 Independent

30 VIKRAM NARENDRA BOKE M 53 Independent

31 SHINDE RAJENDRA BABURAO M 44 Independent

32 SHAIKH ALTAF KARIM M 48 Independent

33 SHRIKANT MADHUSUDAN JAGTAP M 33 Independent

34 SARDESAI KISHORKUMAR RAGHUNATH M 42 Independent

35 ADV.SUBHASH NARHAR GODSE M 59 Independent

36 SANTOSH ALIAS SOMNATH KALU PAWAR M 38 Independent

S13 35 MH BARAMATI 23-Apr-09 1 KUDALEPATIL VIVEK ANANT M 40 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 KANTA JAYSING NALAWADE F 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 SUPRIYA SULE F 39 Nationalist Congress Party

4 MAYAWATI AMAR CHITRE F 31 Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh

5 SHELAR SANGEETA PANDURANG F 33 Krantisena Maharashtra

6 SACHIN VITTHAL AHIRE M 29 Prabuddha Republican Party

7 SAMPAT MARUTI TAKALE M 54 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

8 GHORPADE SAVEETA ASHOK F 29 Independent

9 TATYA ALIAS NARAYAN SHANKAR WAMBHIRE M 51 Independent

10 TANTARPALE GOPAL YESHWANTRAO M 43 Independent

11 DEEPAK SHANKAR BHAPKAR M 26 Independent

12 BHIMA ANNA KADALE M 31 Independent

13 MRUNALEENI JAYRAJ KAKADE F 34 Independent

14 YOGESH SONABA RANDHEER M 39 Independent

15 SHIVAJI JAYSING KOKARE M 58 Independent

16 SURESH BABURAO VEER M 62 Independent

17 SANGITA SHRIMAN BHUMKAR F 30 Independent

S13 36 MH SHIRUR 23-Apr-09 1 ADHALRAO SHIVAJI DATTATRAY M 52 Shivsena

2 ZAGADE YASHWANT SITARAM M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 VILAS VITHOBA LANDE M 47 Nationalist Congress Party

4 PALLAVI MOHAN HARSHE F 27 Prabuddha Republican Party

5 SHELAR DNYANOBA SHRIPATI M 57 Republican Presidium Party of India

6 SURESH MULCHAND KANKARIA (MAMA) M 57 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7 ABHANG KONDIBHAU BHIMAJI M 48 Independent

8 KARANDE CHANGDEO NAMDEO M 43 Independent

9 KALURAM RAGHUNATH TAPKIR M 52 Independent

10 RAM DHARMA DAMBALE M 37 Independent

11 LANDE VILAS MHATARBA M 37 Independent

S13 37 MH AHMADNAGAR 23-Apr-09 1 KARDILE SHIVAJI BHANUDAS M 50 Nationalist Congress Party

2 KARBHARI WAMAN SHIRSAT ALIAS K.V. SHIRSAT M 65 Communist Party of India

3 GADAKH TUKARAM GANGADHAR M 55 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 GANDHI DILIPKUMAR MANSUKHLAL M 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 KAZI SAJID MUJIR M 41 Republician Party of India Ektawadi

6 HAKE BHANUDAS KISAN M 55 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7 HOLE BHANUDAS NAMDEO M 48 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

8 ARUN KAHAR M 45 Independent

9 AVINASH MALHARRAO GHODAKE M 40 Independent

10 KHAIRE ARJUN DEORAO M 39 Independent

11 GAIKWAD BALASAHEB RAMCHANDRA M 35 Independent

12 NAUSHAD ANSAR SHAIKH F 39 Independent

13 PROF. MAHENDRA DADA SHINDE M 29 Independent

14 RAUT EKNATH BABASAHEB M 56 Independent

15 RAJIV APPASAHEB RAJALE M 39 Independent

S13 38 MH SHIRDI 23-Apr-09 1 KACHARU NAGU WAGHMARE M 60 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 WAKCHOURE BHAUSAHEB RAJARAM M 59 Shivsena

3 ATHAWALE RAMDAS BANDU M 52 Republican Party of India

4 DHOTRE SUCHIT CHINTAMANI M 25 Krantisena Maharashtra

5 SATISH BALASAHEB PALGHADMAL M 26 Prabuddha Republican Party

6 ADHAGALE RAJENDRA NAMDEV M 39 Independent

7 KAMBALE RAMESH ANKUSH M 32 Independent

8 GAIKWAD APPASAHEB GANGADHAR M 64 Independent

9 BAGUL BALU DASHARATH M 34 Independent

10 MEDHE PRAFULLAKUMAR MURLIDHAR M 46 Independent

11 RAKSHE ANNASAHEB EKNATH M 43 Independent

12 RUPWATE PREMANAND DAMODHAR M 65 Independent

13 LODHE SHARAD LAXAMAN M 42 Independent

14 WAGH GANGADHAR RADHAJI M 60 Independent

15 VAIRAGHAR SUDHIR NATHA M 38 Independent

16 SABALE ANIL DAMODHAR M 40 Independent

17 SANDIP BHASKAR GOLAP M 29 Independent

S13 39 MH BEED 23-Apr-09 1 KOKATE RAMESH BABURAO (ADASKAR) M 42 Nationalist Congress Party

2 MASKE MACHHINDRA BABURAO M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 MUNDE GOPINATHRAO PANDURANG M 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 KHALGE KACHRU SANTRAMJI M 48 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5 GURAV KALYAN BHANUDAS M 62 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

6 TATE ASHOK SANTRAM M 50 Ambedkarist Republican Party

7 NIKALJE SHEELATAI MAHENDRA F 34 Prabuddha Republican Party

8 PRAMOD ALIAS PARMESHWAR SAKHARAM MOTE M 32 Krantisena Maharashtra

9 BABURAO NARAYANRAO KAGADE M 63 Ambedkar National Congress

10 DR. SHIVAJIRAO KISANRAO SHENDGE M 39 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

11 KAMAL KONDIRAM NIMBALKAR F 39 Independent

12 KAMBLE DEEPAK DYANOBA M 32 Independent

13 KHAN SIKANDAR KHAN HUSSAIN KHAN M 58 Independent

14 GUJAR KHAN MIRZA KHAN M 28 Independent

15 ADV.NATKAR RAMRAO SHESHRAO M 61 Independent

16 PATHAN GAFARKHAN JABBARKHAN M 42 Independent

17 MAHAMMAD AKARAM MAHAMMAD SALIMUDDIN BAGWAN M 34 Independent

18 RAMESH VISHVANATH KOKATE M 32 Independent

19 SAYYED MINHAJ ALI WAJED ALI (PENDKHJUR WALE) M 34 Independent

20 SAYYED SALIM FATTU M 47 Independent

21 SARDAR KHAN SULTANABABA M 26 Independent

S13 40 MH OSMANABAD 23-Apr-09 1 GAIKWAD RAVINDRA VISHWANATH M 49 Shivsena

2 DIVAKAR YASHWANT NAKADE M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 PATIL PADAMSINHA BAJIRAO M 68 Nationalist Congress Party

4 JAGTAP BHAGWAN DADARAO M 70 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5 TARKASE DHANANJAY MURLIDHAR M 34 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

6 TAWADE PRAKASH TANAJIRAO M 28 Krantisena Maharashtra

7 BANSODE GUNDERAO SHIVRAM M 73 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

8 BABA FAIJODDIN SHAIKH M 28 Nelopa(United)

9 BHOSLE REVAN VISHWANATH M 45 Janata Dal (Secular)

10 MUJAWAR SHAHABUDDIN NABIRASUL M 37 Prabuddha Republican Party

11 RAJENDRA RANDITRAO HIPPERGEKAR M 38 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

12 ANGARSHA SALIM BABULAL M 62 Independent

13 GAIKWAD UMAJI PANDURANG M 39 Independent

14 CHAVAN BABU VITHOBA M 40 Independent

15 CHANDANE PINTU PANDURANG M 35 Independent

16 DADASAHEB SHANKARRAO JETITHOR M 50 Independent

17 NITURE ARUN BHAURAO M 38 Independent

18 PATEL HASHAM ISMAIL M 55 Independent

19 PAWAR HARIDAS MANIKRAO M 35 Independent

20 PATIL MAHADEO DNYANDEO M 50 Independent

21 BALAJI BAPURAO TUPSUNDARE M 37 Independent

22 ADV. BHAUSAHEB ANIL BELURE (BEMBLIKAR) M 29 Independent

23 MUNDHE PATRIL PADAMSINHA VIJAYSINHA M 29 Independent

24 YEVATE-PATIL SHRIMANT M 55 Independent

25 SANDIPAN RAMA ZOMBADE M 41 Independent

S13 41 MH LATUR 23-Apr-09 1 AAWALE JAYWANT GANGARAM M 99 Indian National Congress

2 GAIKWAD SUNIL BALIRAM M 99 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 ADV. BABASAHEB SADSHIVRAO GAIKWAD M 99 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 ARAK ASHOK VIKRAM M 99 Krantisena Maharashtra

5 V.K. ACHARYA M 99 Prabuddha Republican Party

6 T.M. KAMBLE M 99 Republican Party of India (Democratic )

7 GANNE TUKARAM RAMBHAU M 99 Jan Surajya Shakti

8 BANSODE RAGHUNATH WAGHOJI M 99 Peoples Republican Party

9 BABURAO SATYAWAN POTHHARE M 99 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

10 RAMKUMAR RAIWADIKAR M 99 Samajwadi Jan Parishad

11 SHRIKANT RAMRAO JEDHE M 99 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

12 SUSANE ATUL GANGARAM M 99 Ambedkarist Republican Party

13 SAHEBRAO HARIBHAU WAGHMARE M 99 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

14 AAWCHARE VIJAYKUMAR BABRUWAN M 99 Independent

15 KAMBLE BANSILAL RAMCHANDRA M 99 Independent

16 NILANGAEKAR AVINASH MADHUKARRAO M 99 Independent

17 MANE GAJANAN PANDURANG M 99 Independent

18 SANJAY KABIRDAS GAIKWAD M 99 Independent

S13 42 MH SOLAPUR 23-Apr-09 1 GAIKWAD PRAMOD RAMCHANDRA M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 ADV. BANSODE SHARAD MARUTI M 41 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 SHINDE SUSHILKUMAR SAMBHAJIRAO M 67 Indian National Congress

4 ADV. KASABEKAR SHRIDHAR LIMBAJI M 59 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

5 RAJGURU NARAYAN YEDU M 60 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6 LAXMIKANT CHANDRAKANT GAIKWAD M 37 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

7 NARAYANKAR RAJENDRA BABURAO M 44 Independent

8 NITINKUMAR RAMCHANDRA KAMBLE ALIAS NITIN BANPURKAR M 37 Independent

9 BANSODE UTTAM BHIMSHA M 50 Independent

10 BANSODE RAHUL DATTU M 33 Independent

11 MILIND MAREPPA MULE M 49 Independent

12 VIKRAM UTTAM KASABE M 33 Independent

13 VIJAYKUMAR BHAGWANRAO UGHADE M 38 Independent

S13 43 MH MADHA 23-Apr-09 1 DESHMUKH SUBHASH SURESHCHANDRA M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 PAWAR SHARADCHANDRA GOVINDRAO M 68 Nationalist Congress Party

3 RAHUL VITTHAL SARWADE M 49 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 AYU GAIKWAD SATISH SUGRAV M 28 Prabuddha Republican Party

5 CHAVAN SUBHASH VITTHAL M 34 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

6 MAHADEO JAGANNATH JANKAR M 40 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

7 RAMCHANDRA NARAYAN KACCHAVE M 40 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

8 SASTE KAKASAHEB MAHADEO M 48 Krantisena Maharashtra

9 SOU. NAGMANI KISAN JAKKAN F 45 Independent

10 DR.M. D. PATIL M 50 Independent

11 BANSODE BALVEER DAGADU M 42 Independent

12 BHANUDAS BHAGAWAN DEVAKATE M 70 Independent

13 DR. MAHADEO ABAJI POL M 56 Independent

14 SURESH SHAMRAO GHADGE M 36 Independent

15 DNYANESHWAR VITTHAL AMALE M 26 Independent

S13 44 MH SANGLI 23-Apr-09 1 PATEL M.JAVED M. YUSUF M 38 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 PRATIK PRAKASHBAPU PATIL M 35 Indian National Congress

3 ASHOK DNYANU MANE(BHAU) M 37 Swatantra Bharat Paksha

4 MANOHAR BALKRISHNA KHEDKAR M 58 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5 MAHADEV ANNA WAGHAMARE M 65 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

6 AJITRAO SHANKARRAO GHORPADE M 56 Independent

7 ANSARI SHABBIR AHEMED M 61 Independent

8 GANPATI TUKARAM KAMBLE ALIAS G.T. KAMBLE M 70 Independent

9 PANDHARE DATTATRAYA PANDURANG M 51 Independent

10 KAVTHEKAR PRAVIN BHAGWAN KAVTHEKAR ALIAS JIVA MAHALE M 47 Independent

11 MULANI BALEKHAN USMAN M 46 Independent

12 VAGARE MARUTI MURA M 34 Independent

13 SHAMRAO PIRAJI KADAM M 64 Independent

14 SIDDESHWAR SHIVAPPA BHOSALE M 36 Independent

S13 45 MH SATARA 23-Apr-09 1 CHAVAN PRASHANT VASANT M 34 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 PURUSHOTTAM BAJIRAO JADHAV M 45 Shivsena

3 BHONSLE SHRIMANT CHH. UDYANRAJE PRATAPSINH M 43 Nationalist Congress Party

4 BHAUSAHEB GANGARAM WAGH M 51 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

5 ALNKRITA ABHIJIT AWADE-BICHUKALE F 29 Independent

S13 46 MH RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG 23-Apr-09 1 DR.NILESH NARAYAN RANE M 28 Indian National Congress

2 PARULEKAR JAYENDRA SHRIPAD M 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SURESH PRABHAKAR PRABHU M 55 Shivsena

4 AJAY ALIAS AABA DADA JADHAV M 28 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

5 RAJESH PUSUSHOTTAM SURVE M 41 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

6 VILASRAO KHANVILKAR M 54 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

7 SIRAJ ABDULLA KAUCHALI M 60 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

8 KHALAPE AKBAR MAHAMMAD M 55 Independent

9 SURENDRA BORKAR M 62 Independent

S13 47 MH KOLHAPUR 23-Apr-09 1 KAMBLE SUHAS NIVRUTI M 41 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 CHHATRPATI SAMBHAJIRAJE SHAHU M 38 Nationalist Congress Party

3 DEVANE VIJAY SHAMRAO M 50 Shivsena

4 KAMBLE MARUTI RAVELU M 34 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

5 CHOUGULE BHAI P.T. M 64 Independent

6 DR. NEELAMBARI RAMESH MANDAPE F 49 Independent

7 S.R. TATYA PATIL M 70 Independent

8 BAJRANG KRISHNA PATIL M 39 Independent

9 MAHAMMADGOUS GULAB NADAF M 57 Independent

10 SADASHIVRAO MANDLIK DADOBA M 74 Independent

S13 48 MH HATKANANGLE 23-Apr-09 1 KANADE ANILKUMAR MAHADEV M 37 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 MANE NIVEDITA SAMBHAJIRAO F 45 Nationalist Congress Party

3 RAGHUNATH RAMCHANDRA PATIL M 58 Shivsena

4 PATIL UDAY PANDHARINATH M 39 Krantisena Maharashtra

5 BABURAO OMANNA KAMBLE M 61 Rashtriya Samaj Paksha

6 MANE ARVIND BHIVA M 43 Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha

7 SHETTI RAJU ALIAS DEVAPPA ANNA M 41 Swabhimani Paksha

8 ARUN ALIAS SHAM BAJARNAG BUCHADE M 28 Independent

9 THORAT ANANDRAO TUKARAM M 46 Independent

10 SURNIKE ANANDRAO VASANTRAO (FOUJI BAPU) M 48 Independent

S18 4 OR KEONJHAR 23-Apr-09 1 ANANTA NAYAK M 39 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 DHANURJAYA SIDU M 43 Indian National Congress

3 YASHBANT NARAYAN SINGH LAGURI M 38 Biju Janata Dal

4 LACHHAMAN MAJHI M 42 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5 DR SUDARSHAN LOHAR M 59 Bahujan Samaj Party

6 CHITTA RANJAN MUNDA M 37 Independent

7 DR. FAKIR MOHAN NAIK M 34 Independent

S18 5 OR MAYURBHANJ 23-Apr-09 1 GAMHA SINGH M 57 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 DROUPADI MURMU F 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 LAXMAN TUDU M 47 Biju Janata Dal

4 LAXMAN MAJHI M 62 Indian National Congress

5 SUDAM MARNDI M 43 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

6 LAXMISWAR TAMUDIA M 68 Samajwadi Party

7 SUNDAR MOHAN MAJHI M 65 Jharkhand Disom Party

8 DEVI PRASANNA BESRA M 61 Independent

9 NARENDRA HANSDA M 26 Independent

10 RAMESWAR MAJHI M 29 Independent

S18 6 OR BALASORE 23-Apr-09 1 ARUN JENA M 47 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

2 ARUN DEY M 63 Nationalist Congress Party

3 MAHAMEGHA BAHAN AIRA KHARABELA SWAIN M 55 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 SHRADHANJALI PRADHAN F 40 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 SRIKANTA KUMAR JENA M 58 Indian National Congress

6 DEBASISH RANJAN DASH M 37 Samruddha Odisha

7 RAKESH RANJAN PATRA M 27 Jana Hitkari Party

8 GHASIRAM MOHANTA M 66 Independent

9 LAXIMIKANTA BEHERA M 51 Independent

S18 7 OR BHADRAK 23-Apr-09 1 ANANTA PRASAD SETHI M 58 Indian National Congress

2 ARJUN CHARAN SETHI M 68 Biju Janata Dal

3 NITYANANDA JENA M 29 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 RATH DAS M 54 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 GOLAK PRASAD MALLIK M 60 Independent

6 SUSANTA KUMAR JENA M 31 Independent

S18 8 OR JAJPUR 23-Apr-09 1 AMIYA KANTA MALLIK M 50 Indian National Congress

2 PARAMESWAR SETHI M 40 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 MOHAN JENA M 52 Biju Janata Dal

4 AJIT KUMAR JENA M 42 Samruddha Odisha

5 BABULI MALLIK M 36 Orissa Mukti Morcha

6 BHIMSEN BEHERA M 44 Jana Hitkari Party

7 UDAYA NATH JENA M 29 Independent

8 KALANDI MALLIK M 28 Independent

S18 9 OR DHENKANAL 23-Apr-09 1 KRISHNA CHANDRA SAHOO M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 CHANDRA SEKHAR TRIPATHY M 60 Indian National Congress

3 TATHAGATA SATPATHY M 53 Biju Janata Dal

4 RUDRANARAYAN PANY M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 PRIYABRATA GARNAIK M 28 Kalinga Sena

S18 14 OR CUTTACK 23-Apr-09 1 ANADI SAHU M 68 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 GOPAL CHANDRA KAR M 63 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 BIBHUTI BHUSAN MISHRA M 57 Indian National Congress

4 BHARTRUHARI MAHTAB M 51 Biju Janata Dal

5 KAPILA CHARAN MALL M 72 Bira Oriya Party

6 PRADIP ROUTRAY M 40 Kalinga Sena

7 DEBANANDA SINGH M 33 Independent

S18 15 OR KENDRAPARA 23-Apr-09 1 JNANDEV BEURA M 44 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 RANJIB BISWAL M 38 Indian National Congress

3 LENIN LENKA M 46 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 BAIJAYANT PANDA M 45 Biju Janata Dal

5 PRATAP CHANDRA JENA M 60 Samruddha Odisha

6 PRAVAKAR NAYAK M 48 Kalinga Sena

7 RAMA KRUSHNA DASH M 44 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

8 SARAT CHANDRA SWAIN M 49 Independent

S18 16 OR JAGATSINGHPUR 23-Apr-09 1 BAIDHAR MALLICK M 46 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 BIBHU PRASAD TARAI M 42 Communist Party of India

3 BIBHUTI BHUSAN MAJHI M 37 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 RABINDRA KUMAR SETHY M 54 Indian National Congress

5 AKSHAYA KUMAR SETHI M 25 Samruddha Odisha

S18 17 OR PURI 23-Apr-09 1 JITENDRA KUMAR SAHOO M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 DEBENDRA NATH MANSINGH M 59 Indian National Congress

3 PINAKI MISRA M 49 Biju Janata Dal

4 BRAJA KISHORE TRIPATHY M 62 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 KSHITISH BISWAL M 80 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

6 SABYASACHI MOHAPATRA M 35 Kalinga Sena

7 PRABHAT KUMAR BADAPANDA M 42 Independent

S18 18 OR BHUBANESWAR 23-Apr-09 1 AKSHAYA KUMAR MOHANTY M 46 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 ARCHANA NAYAK F 43 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 PRASANNA KUMAR PATASANI M 66 Biju Janata Dal

4 SANTOSH MOHANTY M 58 Indian National Congress

5 UMA CHARANA MISHRA M 60 Jana Hitkari Party

6 NABAGHAN PARIDA M 66 Bira Oriya Party

7 PRAFUL KUMAR SAHOO M 38 Republican Party of India (A)

8 BASANTA KUMAR BEHERA M 47 Kalinga Sena

9 BIJAYANANDA MISHRA M 51 Lok Jan Shakti Party

10 JAGANNATH PRASAD LENKA M 75 Independent

11 DHIRENDRA SATAPATHY M 67 Independent

12 PRAMILA BEHERA F 33 Independent

13 SASTHI PRASAD SETHI M 47 Independent

S23 1 TR TRIPURA WEST 23-Apr-09 1 NILMANI DEB M 55 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 KHAGEN DAS M 71 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3 SUDIP ROY BARMAN M 45 Indian National Congress

4 SANJIB DEY M 32 Nationalist Congress Party

5 ARUN CHANDRA BHOWMIK M 63 All India Trinamool Congress

6 RAKHAL RAJ DATTA M 60 Amra Bangalee

7 PARTHA KARMAKAR M 40 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

8 TITU SAHA M 32 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

9 BINOY DEB BARMA M 49 Independent

10 SUBRATA BHOWMIK M 58 Independent

S23 2 TR TRIPURA EAST 23-Apr-09 1 PULIN BEHARI DEWAN M 69 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 BAJU BAN RIYAN M 67 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3 DIBA CHANDRA HRANGKHWAL M 52 Indian National Congress

4 RITA RANI DEBBARMA F 51 All India Trinamool Congress

5 KARNA DHAN CHAKMA M 37 Amra Bangalee

6 FALGUNI TRIPURA M 42 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

7 RAJESH DEB BARMA M 34 Independent

8 BINOY REANG M 34 Independent

9 MEVAR KUMAR JAMATIA M 40 Independent

S24 37 UP AMETHI 23-Apr-09 1 ASHEESH SHUKLA M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 PRADEEP KUMAR SINGH M 39 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RAHUL GANDHI M 38 Indian National Congress

4 BHUWAL M 56 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

5 MOHD.HASAN LAHARI M 35 Bharatiya Republican Paksha

6 SUNITA F 26 Mahila Adhikar Party

7 SURYABHAN MAURYA M 45 Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

8 AAVID HUSSAIN M 31 Independent

9 OMKAR M 46 Independent

10 KAPIL DEO M 30 Independent

11 DILIP M 36 Independent

12 MIHILAL M 52 Independent

13 MEET SINGH M 65 Independent

14 RAMESH CHANDRA M 30 Independent

15 RAM SHANKER M 43 Independent

16 SWAMI NATH M 25 Independent

S24 38 UP SULTANPUR 23-Apr-09 1 ASHOK PANDEY M 58 Samajwadi Party

2 MOHD.TAHIR M 33 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SURYA BHAN SINGH M 54 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 DR.SANJAY SINGH M 55 Indian National Congress

5 ANIL M 35 Republican Party of India (A)

6 CHOTELAL MAURYA M 40 Apna Dal

7 MOHD.UMAR M 42 Peace Party

8 RAKESH M 25 National Youth Party

9 RAJKUMAR PANDEY M 36 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

10 TRIVENI PRASAD BHEEM M 52 Bharatiya Republican Paksha

11 ARVIND KUMAR M 46 Independent

12 AWADHESH KUMAR M 30 Independent

13 KRISHNA NARAYAN M 33 Independent

14 JHINKURAM VISHWAKARMA M 33 Independent

15 PRAKASH CHANDRA M 35 Independent

16 HARI NARAYAN M 70 Independent

S24 39 UP PRATAPGARH 23-Apr-09 1 KUNWAR AKSHAYA PRATAP SINGH ‘GOPAL JI’ M 41 Samajwadi Party

2 RAJKUMARI RATNA SINGH F 49 Indian National Congress

3 LAKSHMI NARAIN PANDEY ‘GURU JI’ M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 PROF. SHIVAKANT OJHA M 57 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 ATIQ AHAMAD M 46 Apna Dal

6 ARUN KUMAR M 48 Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

7 A. RASHID ANSARI M 54 Momin Conference

8 RAJESH M 36 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

9 ATUL DWIVEDI M 29 Independent

10 UDHAV RAM M 53 Independent

11 CHHANGALAL M 56 Independent

12 JITENDRA PRATAP SINGH M 40 Independent

13 DINESH PANDEY ALIAS D.K. PANDEY M 34 Independent

14 BADRI PRASAD M 48 Independent

15 MUNEESHWAR SINGH M 65 Independent

16 RAMESH KUMAR M 31 Independent

17 RAVINDRA SINGH M 33 Independent

18 RANI PAL F 58 Independent

19 RAMMURTI MISHRA M 36 Independent

20 RAM SAMUJH M 60 Independent

21 VINOD M 29 Independent

22 SHIVRAM M 51 Independent

23 SATRAM M 42 Independent

S24 48 UP BANDA 23-Apr-09 1 AMITA BAJPAI F 39 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 BHAGAWAN DEEN GARG M 47 Indian National Congress

3 BHAIRON PRASAD MISHRA M 55 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SANTOSH KUMAR M 54 Communist Party of India

5 R. K. SINGH PATEL M 49 Samajwadi Party

6 ASHOK KUMAR M 40 Indian Justice Party

7 ANAND YADAV M 45 United Communist Party of India

8 PARASHU RAM NISHAD M 45 Apna Dal

9 LALIT KUMAR M 37 Ambedkar Samaj Party

10 ANSH DHARI M 29 Independent

11 JAGAN NATH SINGH M 62 Independent

12 PRAKASH NARAYAN M 32 Independent

13 BALENDRA NATH M 38 Independent

14 MANOJ KUMAR M 30 Independent

15 SHIV KUMAR M 43 Independent

S24 50 UP KAUSHAMBI 23-Apr-09 1 GIRISH CHANDRA PASI M 39 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 GAUTAM CHAUDHARY M 44 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RAM NIHOR RAKESH M 64 Indian National Congress

4 SHAILENDRA KUMAR M 51 Samajwadi Party

5 UMESH CHANDRA PASI M 40 Apna Dal

6 GULAB SONKAR M 45 Indian Justice Party

7 GULAB CHANDRA M 39 Independent

8 JAGDEO M 53 Independent

9 MAN SINGH M 28 Independent

10 RAM SARAN M 56 Independent

S24 51 UP PHULPUR 23-Apr-09 1 KAPIL MUNI KARWARIYA M 42 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 KARAN SINGH PATEL M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 DHARMARAJ SINGH PATEL M 50 Indian National Congress

4 SHYAMA CHARAN GUPTA M 63 Samajwadi Party

5 CHANDRAJEET M 28 Lok Dal

6 DEVENDRA PRATAP SINGH M 38 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

7 PRADEEP KUMAR SRIVASTAVA M 49 Apna Dal

8 LALLAN SINGH M 35 Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

9 VIJAY KUMAR M 56 Gondwana Mukti Sena

10 SATISH YADAV M 34 Indian Justice Party

11 SANJEEV KUMAR MISHRA M 30 Yuva Vikas Party

12 KRISHNA KUMAR M 33 Independent

13 DR. NEERAJ M 43 Independent

14 BHARAT LAL M 52 Independent

15 DR. MILAN MUKHERJEE M 67 Independent

16 MUNISHWAR SINGH MAURYA M 65 Independent

17 RADHIKA PAL F 34 Independent

18 RADHESHYAM SINGH YADAV M 72 Independent

19 RAM JANM YADAV M 31 Independent

20 RAMSHANKAR M 47 Independent

21 VIRENDRA PAL SINGH M 66 Independent

22 SHAILENDRA KUMAR PRAJAPATI M 40 Independent

23 SAMAR BAHADUR SHARMA M 40 Independent

24 DR. SONE LAL PATEL M 59 Independent

S24 52 UP ALLAHABAD 23-Apr-09 1 ASHOK KUMAR BAJPAI M 58 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 YOGESH SHUKLA M 39 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 KUNWAR REWATI RAMAN SINGH ALIAS MANI JI M 65 Samajwadi Party

4 SHYAM KRISHNA PANDEY M 65 Indian National Congress

5 OM PRAKASH M 41 Rashtriya Machhua Samaj Party

6 GULAB GRAMEEN M 47 Lok Dal

7 BIHARI LAL SHARMA M 54 Apna Dal

8 BAIJAL KUMAR M 48 Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)

9 RAMA KANT M 47 Indian Justice Party

10 RAJESH PASI M 32 Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

11 RAM PARIKHAN SINGH M 59 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

12 VIJAY SHANKAR M 45 Bahujan Shakty

13 SARFUDDIN M 32 Nelopa(United)

14 AKBAL MOHAMMD M 34 Independent

15 AJUG NARAIN M 33 Independent

16 ABHAY SRIVASTAVA M 31 Independent

17 KM. KUSUM KUMARI AD F 45 Independent

18 GOPAL SWROOP JOSHI M 62 Independent

19 NARENDRA KUMAR TEWARI M 47 Independent

20 BAJRANG DUTT M 36 Independent

21 MUNNU PRASAD M 44 Independent

22 RAVI PRAKASH M 41 Independent

23 RAKESH KUMAR M 47 Independent

24 RAJ BALI M 51 Independent

25 RAM GOVIND M 46 Independent

26 RAM JEET M 38 Independent

27 RAM LAL M 46 Independent

28 KM. SHASHI PANDEY F 45 Independent

29 DR. MOHD. SALMAN RASHIDI M 57 Independent

30 SADHNA AGARWAL F 47 Independent

31 HIRA LAL M 54 Independent

S24 54 UP FAIZABAD 23-Apr-09 1 NIRMAL KHATRI M 58 Indian National Congress

2 BIMLENDRA MOHAN PRATAP MISRA “PAPPU BHAIYA” M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 MITRASEN M 76 Samajwadi Party

4 LALLU SINGH M 54 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 AJAY KUMAR M 25 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

6 ATUL KUMAR PANDEY M 39 The Humanist Party of India

7 AMAR NATH JAISWAL M 44 Rashtriya Kranti Party

8 GIRISH CHANDRA VERMA M 32 Apna Dal

9 GULAM SABIR M 42 Navbharat Nirman Party

10 CHANDRASHEKHAR SINGH M 36 Bharat Punarnirman Dal

11 NUSRAT QUDDUSI ALIAS BABLOO M 41 Peace Party

12 MANISH KUMAR PANDEY M 35 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

13 SAIYYAD MUSHEER AHMED M 55 Awami Party

14 RAMESH KUMAR RAWAT M 42 Maulik Adhikar Party

15 SUSHIL KUMAR M 45 Bharatiya Lok Kalyan Dal

16 ATAURR RAHMAN ANSARI M 52 Independent

17 AMARNATH VERMA M 36 Independent

18 DINA NATH PANDEY M 35 Independent

19 NASREEN BANO F 38 Independent

20 BALAK RAM ALIAS SHIV BALAK PASI M 34 Independent

21 RAM DHIRAJ M 46 Independent

22 SWAMI NATH M 29 Independent

23 SIYARAM KORI M 50 Independent

S24 55 UP AMBEDKAR NAGAR 23-Apr-09 1 RAKESH PANDEY M 55 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 VINAY KATIYAR M 49 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 SHANKHLAL MAJHI M 54 Samajwadi Party

4 DINESH KUMAR RAJBHAR M 33 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

5 BASANT LAL M 53 Peace Party

6 BAL MUKUND DHURIYA M 31 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

7 BHARTHARI M 44 Bharatiya Republican Paksha

8 MANSHARAM M 40 Maulik Adhikar Party

9 LALMAN M 34 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

10 VIJAY KUMAR MAURYA M 38 Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

11 SANTOSH KUMAR M 50 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

12 IFTEKHAR AHMAD M 37 Independent

13 KAILASH KUMAR SHUKLA M 60 Independent

14 GAYADEEN M 43 Independent

15 CHANDRA BHUSHAN M 61 Independent

16 DEO PRASAD MISHRA M 42 Independent

17 NABAB ALI M 55 Independent

18 PARASHU RAM M 49 Independent

19 PATANJALI JAITALI M 58 Independent

20 RAM SUKH SAHOO M 50 Independent

21 DR. LAL BAHADUR M 42 Independent

22 SRIRAM AMBESH M 61 Independent

S24 57 UP KAISERGANJ 23-Apr-09 1 MOHD ALEEM M 46 Indian National Congress

2 BRIJBHUSHAN SARAN SINGH M 52 Samajwadi Party

3 DR LALTA PRASAD MISHRA ALIS DR L P MISHRA M 59 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 SURENDRA NATH AWASTHI M 53 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 ZAMEER AHAMAD M 53 Ambedkar National Congress

6 DAYA RAM M 41 Peoples Democratic Forum

7 MANOJ KUMAR M 33 Lok Dal

8 RAM PRAKSH M 39 Republican Party of India (A)

9 RAMENDER DEV PATHAK M 60 Peace Party

10 HAFEEZ M 47 Apna Dal

11 ANOKHI LAL M 49 Independent

12 OM PRAKASH M 35 Independent

13 UDAI RAJ M 52 Independent

14 CHANDRA BHAN M 42 Independent

15 JAGDISH M 40 Independent

16 JAGDISH PRASAD M 38 Independent

17 JITENDRA BAHADUR M 57 Independent

18 PARAMHANS SINGH M 33 Independent

19 RAJ KISHORE SINGH M 38 Independent

20 RADHEYSHYAM BOAT M 62 Independent

21 RAMFEER ALIS CHUNTI M 59 Independent

22 VINESH KUMAR M 32 Independent

23 VIMAL VERMA M 30 Independent

S24 58 UP SHRAWASTI 23-Apr-09 1 RIZVAN ZAHEER M 46 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 RUBAB SAIDA F 58 Samajwadi Party

3 VINAY KUMAR ALIAS VINNU M 45 Indian National Congress

4 SATYA DEO SINGH M 63 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 ARUN KUMAR M 33 Ambedkar National Congress

6 KULDEEP M 44 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

7 RAJESHWAR MISHRA M 28 Peace Party

8 RAM ADHAR M 62 Republican Party of India (A)

9 TEJ BAHADUR M 32 Independent

10 RAM SUDHI M 38 Independent

11 VINOD KUMAR PANDEY M 27 Independent

S24 59 UP GONDA 23-Apr-09 1 DR ACHUTANANDDUBE M 64 Nationalist Congress Party

2 KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH RAJA BAIYA M 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 BENI PRASAD VERMA M 68 Indian National Congress

4 RAM PRATAP SINGH M 58 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 VINOD KUMAR SINGH ALIAS PANDIT SINGH M 42 Samajwadi Party

6 ASHIQ ALI M 46 Peace Party

7 OM PRAKASH SINGH M 54 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

8 PREM KUMAR M 26 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

9 RAJENDRA PRASAD1 M 55 Ambedkar National Congress

10 RAM KEWAL M 41 Vanchit Jamat Party

11 RAM LOCHAN M 46 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

12 VIDYA SAGAR M 36 Apna Dal

13 HARSH VARDHAN PANDEY M 33 Lok Dal

14 AKILENDRA KUMAR PATHAK M 34 Independent

15 ANURADHA PATEL F 42 Independent

16 OM PRAKASH M 47 Independent

17 GAGNGA DHAR SHUKLA M 38 Independent

18 DEEPAK M 31 Independent

19 NARENDRA SINGH M 34 Independent

20 BAIJNATH M 30 Independent

21 RAJENDRA PRASAD M 28 Independent

22 RADHEY SHYAM M 59 Independent

23 RAM PRASAD M 61 Independent

24 RAM LAKHAN M 54 Independent

25 SATYA PRAKASH M 39 Independent

S24 60 UP DOMARIYAGANJ 23-Apr-09 1 JAGDAMBIKA PAL M 59 Indian National Congress

2 JAI PRATAP SINGH M 55 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 MATA PRASAD PANDEY M 72 Samajwadi Party

4 MOHD. MUQUEEM M 59 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 INAMULLAH CHAUDHARY M 66 Peace Party

6 JITENDRA PRATAP SINGH M 46 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

7 PINGAL PRASAD M 41 Republican Party of India

8 BALKRISHNA M 39 Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)

9 MUKHDEV M 41 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

10 RAJDEV M 35 Bharatiya Eklavya Party

11 RAM SAMUJH M 41 Bharatiya Jan Berojgar Chhatra Dal

12 RAHUL SANGH PRIYA BHARTI M 36 Indian Justice Party

13 HARISHANKAR M 45 Lok Jan Shakti Party

14 MOTILAL VIDHYARTHI M 59 Independent

15 RAM KRIPAL M 58 Independent

16 SIRAJ AHAMAD M 26 Independent

S24 61 UP BASTI 23-Apr-09 1 ARVIND KUMAR CHAUDHARY M 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 BASANT CHAUDHARY M 43 Indian National Congress

3 RAJ KISHOR SINGH M 38 Samajwadi Party

4 DR. Y. D. SINGH M 64 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 OM PRAKASH M 40 Vanchit Jamat Party

6 DAYASHANKAR PATWA M 57 Peace Party

7 DALBAG SINGH M 50 Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)

8 RAM NAYAN PATEL M 49 Apna Dal

9 VINOD KUMAR RAJBHAR M 33 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

10 SHIVDAS M 50 Shoshit Samaj Dal

11 SANJEEV KUMAR NISHAD M 27 Bahujan Uday Manch

12 SITARAM NISHAD M 63 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

13 RAM LALAN YADAV M 36 Independent

14 SHIV POOJAN ARYA M 52 Independent

15 SATYADEV OJHA M 70 Independent

16 SATISH CHANDRA SHARMA M 40 Independent

S24 62 UP SANT KABIR NAGAR 23-Apr-09 1 KAMLA KANT CHAUDHARY M 41 Communist Party of India

2 FAZLEY MAHAMOOD M 41 Indian National Congress

3 BHAL CHANDRA YADAV M 42 Samajwadi Party

4 BHISMA SHANKAR ALIAS KUSHAL TIWARI M 44 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 SHARAD TRIPATHI M 35 Bharatiya Janata Party

6 INDRA KUMAR M 37 Bahujan Uday Manch

7 KRISHNA NAND MISHRA M 38 All India Minorities Front

8 KHELADI M 35 Bharatiya Republican Paksha

9 JANTRI LAL M 37 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

10 PANCHOO BELDAR M 48 Ambedkar Samaj Party

11 RAJESH SINGH M 37 Peace Party

12 RAM ACHAL M 34 Maulik Adhikar Party

13 RAM AVADH NISHAD M 62 Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party

14 LOTAN ALIAS LAUTAN PRASAD M 47 Shoshit Samaj Dal

15 VINOD RAI M 38 National Lokhind Party

16 ANJU F 28 Independent

17 JOOGESH YADAV M 35 Independent

18 NITYANAND MANI TRIPATHI M 35 Independent

19 PHOOLDEO M 49 Independent

20 RAMESH M 26 Independent

21 VINAY PANDEY M 31 Independent

22 SHRI BABA RAM CHANDRA M 52 Independent

23 SUSHILA JIGYASU F 29 Independent

24 HARISH CHANDRA M 32 Independent

S24 73 UP JAUNPUR 23-Apr-09 1 DHANANJAY SINGH M 33 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 PARAS NATH YADAVA M 54 Samajwadi Party

3 SEEMA F 37 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 ACHHEYLAL NISHAD M 61 Nelopa(United)

5 GIRAJA SHANKAR YADAVA M 49 Gondvana Gantantra Party

6 GEETA SINGH F 46 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

7 BAHADUR SONKAR M 48 Indian Justice Party

8 RAVI SHANKAR M 38 Lok Jan Shakti Party

9 RAJKISHUN M 26 Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

10 RAJESH S/O RAMESHCHANDRA M 30 Apna Dal

11 RAJESH S/O RAMYAGYA M 32 Eklavya Samaj Party

12 RAMCHANDAR M 52 Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

13 SHEETALA PRASAD M 51 Revolutionary Socialist Party

14 AJAY KASYAP – GUDDU M 26 Independent

15 JAGDISH CHANDRA ASTHANA M 62 Independent

16 TASLEEM AHMED REHMANI M 45 Independent

S24 78 UP BHADOHI 23-Apr-09 1 DR. AKHILESH KUMAR DWIVEDI M 41 Nationalist Congress Party

2 GORAKHNATH M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 CHHOTELAL BIND M 53 Samajwadi Party

4 DR. MAHENDRA NATH PANDEY M 52 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 SURYMANI TIWARI M 60 Indian National Congress

6 JAJ LAL M 47 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

7 NANDLAL M 56 Vikas Party

8 RAMRATEE BIND M 74 Apna Dal

9 THAKUR SANTOSH KUMAR M 27 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

10 SHAHID M 42 Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party

11 GAURISHANKAR M 38 Independent

12 JEETENDRA M 30 Independent

13 TEJ BAHADUR YADAV ADVOCATE M 56 Independent

S27 1 JH RAJMAHAL 23-Apr-09 1 CHANDRA SHEKHAR AZAD M 38 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 JYOTIN SOREN M 59 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3 THOMAS HASDA M 58 Rashtriya Janata Dal

4 DEVIDHAN BESRA M 69 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 HEMLAL MURMU M 54 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

6 AAMELIYA HANSDA F 29 Revolutionary Socialist Party

7 CHARAN MURMU M 33 Shivsena

8 DAUD MARANDI M 25 Samajwadi Party

9 SUKHWA URAON M 33 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

10 SUNDAR TUDU M 45 Bharatiya Jagaran Party

11 SOM MARANDI M 44 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

12 STIPHEN MARANDI M 55 Jharkhand Jan Morcha

S27 2 JH DUMKA 23-Apr-09 1 CHURKA TUDU M 44 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 PASHUPATI KOL M 29 Communist Party of India

3 RAMESH TUDU M 34 Rashtriya Janata Dal

4 SHIBU SOREN M 64 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

5 SUNIL SOREN M 30 Bharatiya Janata Party

6 ARJUN PUJHAR M 33 Samajwadi Party

7 NIRMALA MURMU F 33 Revolutionary Socialist Party

8 PHATIK CHANDRA HEMBRAM M 64 All Jharkhand Students Union

9 BITIYA MANJHI F 53 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

10 RAMESH HEMBROM M 39 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

11 RAMJIVAN DEHRI M 35 Samata Party

12 KALESHWAR SOREN M 38 Independent

13 CHARLES MURMU M 27 Independent

14 NANDLAL SOREN M 55 Independent

15 PULICE HEMRAM M 31 Independent

16 BIVISAN PUJHAR M 50 Independent

17 CYRIL HANSDA M 63 Independent

18 SONA MURMU F 56 Independent

19 HOPNA BASKI M 57 Independent

S27 3 JH GODDA 23-Apr-09 1 IQBAL DURRANI M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 DURGA SOREN M 39 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

3 NISHIKANT DUBEY M 37 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 FURKAN ANSARI M 61 Indian National Congress

5 ASHOK SHARMA M 39 Jharkhand Party

6 GEETA MANDAL F 39 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7 GOVIND LAL MARANDI M 39 Revolutionary Socialist Party

8 JAWAHAR LAL YADAV M 31 Lok Jan Shakti Party

9 NANDLAL YADAV M 39 Samajwadi Party

10 NIRANJAN PRASAD YADAV M 33 Rashtrawadi Sena

11 PRADEEP YADAV M 42 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

12 PRADEEP YADAV M 25 Samata Party

13 BINOD MEHARIA M 56 Bahujan Shakty

14 RAJ NARAYAN KHAWADE M 42 AJSU Party

15 SANTOSH KUMAR RAY M 26 All India Trinamool Congress

16 SURAJ MANDAL M 61 Jharkhand Vikas Dal

17 JAYSWAL MANJHI M 38 Independent

18 JAHIR MUSTAKIM M 35 Independent

19 MANOJ KUMAR MANDAL M 35 Independent

20 MITHILESH PASWAN M 38 Independent

21 MD. MOAJJAM ALI CHANCHAL M 38 Independent

22 SHANKAR PRASAD KESHARI M 39 Independent

23 SANJEEV KUMAR M 27 Independent

S27 6 JH GIRIDIH 23-Apr-09 1 AKLU RAM MAHTO M 65 Communist Party of India

2 TEKLAL MAHTO M 57 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

3 BIJAY SINGH M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 RAVINDRA KUMAR PANDEY M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 MD. HIMAYUN ANSARI M 72 Rashtriya Janata Dal

6 MRINAL KANTI DEV M 61 Socialist Party (Lohia)

7 RAVINDER MAHTO M 43 Jharkhand Party (Naren)

8 SHIVA MAHTO M 75 Marxist Co-Ordination

9 SABA AHMAD M 62 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

10 INDRA DEV MAHTO M 45 Independent

11 UMESH RISHI M 43 Independent

12 NAND KISHOR PRASAD M 64 Independent

13 BUDDHI NATH TIWARY M 41 Independent

14 MAHAVIR PRASAD M 36 Independent

15 MASOOM RAJA ANSARI M 27 Independent

16 LALOO KEWAT M 46 Independent

17 SHANKAR RAJAK M 38 Independent

S27 7 JH DHANBAD 23-Apr-09 1 CHANDRASHEKHAR DUBEY M 66 Indian National Congress

2 PASHUPATI NATH SINGH M 60 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 SAMARESH SINGH M 68 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 INDU SINGH F 32 Samata Party

5 JANARDAN PANDEY M 56 All India Forward Bloc

6 DIN BANDHU SINGH M 56 Socialist Party (Lohia)

7 PAWAN KUMAR JHA M 28 Janata Dal (Secular)

8 PHUL CHAND MANDAL M 66 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

9 M.K.MANDAL M 62 Amra Bangalee

10 A.K. ROY M 72 Marxist Co-Ordination

11 VIDESHI MAHATO M 54 Jharkhand Vikas Dal

12 VIRENDRA PRADHAN M 44 Lok Jan Shakti Party

13 SUNIL KUMAR M 38 Indian Justice Party

14 MD. SULTAN M 57 Jharkhand Party

15 HAFFIZUDDIN ANSARI M 51 Samajwadi Party

16 ABDUL MUSTAFA M 32 Independent

17 KARTIK MAHATO M 44 Independent

18 JAI PRAKASH SINGH M 39 Independent

19 JAIRAM SINGH M 31 Independent

20 JITENDRA KUMAR SINGH M 36 Independent

21 PHUL CHAND MAHATO M 40 Independent

22 BAMA PADA BAURI M 35 Independent

23 MADHUSUDAN RAJHANS M 44 Independent

24 MANILAL MAHATO M 27 Independent

25 MANOJ GANDHI M 29 Independent

26 MANOJ PANDEY M 29 Independent

27 MUNSI HEMBRAM M 56 Independent

28 RAVI RANJAN SINHA M 34 Independent

29 SHANKAR RAWANI M 42 Independent

30 SALIM KHAN M 42 Independent

31 SADHUSHARAN GOPE M 46 Independent

32 SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH M 57 Independent

S27 8 JH RANCHI 23-Apr-09 1 RAJENDRA SINGH MUNDA M 74 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 RAM TAHAL CHAUDHARY M 66 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 MD. SARFUDDIN M 46 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SUBODH KANT SAHAY M 57 Indian National Congress

5 AKHTAR ANSARI M 53 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

6 AFSAR EMAM M 48 Jharkhand PeopleÂ’S Party

7 MD. AJAD ANSARI M 47 National Lokhind Party

8 JIPALAL SINGH MUNDA M 45 Jharkhand Party (Naren)

9 DAYANAND GUPTA M 39 Jharkhand Vikas Dal

10 SURENDRA KUMAR SUMAN M 36 Samata Party

11 ANJANI PANDEY M 51 Independent

12 AGAM LAL MAHTO M 34 Independent

13 AFTAB ALAM M 42 Independent

14 ARTI BEHRA F 32 Independent

15 UPENDRA PD. SRIVASTAVA M 65 Independent

16 KESHAV NARAYAN BHAGAT M 49 Independent

17 KAILASH PAHAN M 40 Independent

18 JANARDAN TIWARI M 42 Independent

19 JITENDRA MAHTO M 27 Independent

20 DEVENDRA THAKUR M 48 Independent

21 BIRSA HEMBRAM M 31 Independent

22 RANJEET MAHTO M 49 Independent

23 RAMPODO MAHTO M 37 Independent

24 ROSHAN LAL MAHTO M 28 Independent

25 ROSAN PRASAD M 25 Independent

26 LAL BABA MASANI M 65 Independent

S27 9 JH JAMSHEDPUR 23-Apr-09 1 AJEET KUMAR M 39 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 ARJUN MUNDA M 41 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 SUMAN MAHTO F 44 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

4 ARVIND KUMAR SINGH M 47 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

5 ASHOK TRIPATHI M 44 Samajwadi Party

6 KINKAR GOUR M 41 Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal

7 KRISHN MURARI MISHRA M 47 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

8 PARIKSHIT MAHATO M 43 Lok Jan Shakti Party

9 MUBIN KHAN M 50 Bahujan Shakty

10 RAJ KAPOOR MAHATO M 35 Jharkhand Vikas Dal

11 SHARAT MAHATO M 36 Jharkhand Party (Naren)

12 SHAILENDRA MAHTO M 55 All Jharkhand Students Union

13 SHYAM NARAYAN SINGH M 50 All India Trinamool Congress

14 SANDIP PAUL M 43 Jharkhand Party

15 DR. SUNARAM HANSDA M 41 Jharkhand Disom Party

16 HEMANT SINGH M 37 Amra Bangalee

17 KRISHNA PRASAD M 40 Independent

18 JOSAI MARDI M 31 Independent

19 DILIP KALINDI M 44 Independent

20 DILIP TUDU M 41 Independent

21 PARAS NATH PRASAD M 56 Independent

22 RAKESH KUMAR M 30 Independent

23 RAJIV CHANDRA MAHATO M 27 Independent

24 RAM CHANDRA PRASAD GUPTA M 49 Independent

25 VICTOR A. LAZARUS M 60 Independent

26 SITARAM TUDU M 61 Independent

S27 10 JH SINGHBHUM 23-Apr-09 1 BARKUWAR GAGRAI M 41 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 BAGUN SUMBRUI M 82 Indian National Congress

3 HIKIM CHANDRA TUDU M 39 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 PREM SINGH MUNDRI M 40 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

5 MANGAL SINGH BOBONGA M 42 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

6 SUKH RAM JONKO M 62 Jharkhand Disom Party

7 ASHOK KUMAR TIU M 47 Independent

8 MADHU KORA M 38 Independent

9 HIKIM SOREN M 46 Independent

S04 11 BR KATIHAR 30-Apr-09 1 NIKHIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY M 63 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 MUNNI DEVI F 35 Independent

3 SHAH TARIQ ANWAR M 58 Nationalist Congress Party

4 MADAN MOHAN NISHAD M 62 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 MANOJ PARASAR M 44 Jan Samanta Party

6 PHOOLO DEVI F 40 Independent

7 AHMAD ASHFAQUE KARIM M 53 Lok Jan Shakti Party

8 SUNIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY M 39 Independent

9 MOHAMMAD HAMID MUBARAK M 33 Independent

10 SHOBHA DEVI F 40 Independent

11 MAHBOOB ALAM M 52 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

12 HIMRAJ SINGH M 49 Independent

13 RAJESH GURNANI M 38 Loktantrik Samata Dal

14 RAJGIRI SINGH M 53 Independent

15 OM PRAKASH PODDAR M 38 Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

16 MANENDRA KUMAR M 38 Independent

17 BHOLA NATH KEWAT M 60 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

18 CHANDU MURMU M 43 Jharkhand Disom Party

19 SHIV PUJAN PASWAN M 31 Buddhiviveki Vikas Party

20 SHAMBHU ROY M 38 Independent

21 NITESH KUMAR CHOUDHARY M 31 Independent

22 BABU LAL MARANDI M 33 Independent

23 KISHAN LAL AGRAWAL M 32 Independent

S04 13 BR MADHEPURA 30-Apr-09 1 VINOD KUMAR JHA M 42 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 OM PRAKASH NARAYAN M 44 Communist Party of India

3 TARA NAND SADA M 52 Indian National Congress

4 PROF RAVINDRA CHARAN YADAV M 49 Rashtriya Janata Dal

5 SHARAD YADAV M 61 Janata Dal (United)

6 RAJO SAH M 30 Loktantrik Samata Dal

7 DHANOJ KUMAR M 26 Rashtravadi Janata Party

8 RAVINDRA KUMAR M 33 Rashtra Sewa Dal

9 NIRMAL KUMAR SINGH M 66 Samata Party

10 SAKAR SURESH YADAV M 32 Independent

11 KISHOR KUMAR M 33 Independent

12 BALWANT GADHWAL M 29 Independent

13 TIRO SHARMA M 59 Independent

14 KARPOORI RISHIDEO M 29 Independent

15 AMIT ACHARYA M 26 Independent

16 PRASANNA KUMAR M 54 Independent

17 DHRUWA KUMAR M 43 Independent

18 MAHADEV YADAV M 55 Independent

19 PARMESHWARI PRASAD NIRALA M 68 Independent

S04 25 BR KHAGARIA 30-Apr-09 1 SATYA NARAYAN SINGH M 66 Communist Party of India

2 PRADUMAN KUMAR M 31 Independent

3 DINESHCHANDRA YADAV M 50 Janata Dal (United)

4 HARI NANDAN SINGH M 61 Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

5 GULABRAJ M 31 Independent

6 ASARFI PRASAD MEHTA M 63 Bahujan Samaj Party

7 SIKANDAR PRASAD SHARMA M 56 Independent

8 SANGRAM KUMAR M 27 Independent

9 SURESH PODDAR M 47 Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal

10 SANJAY YADAV M 41 Independent

11 NEHA CHAUHAN F 27 Independent

12 MANJU KUMARI F 31 Rashtra Sewa Dal

13 CHAUDHRY MEHBOOB ALI KAISER M 42 Indian National Congress

14 BHARAT KUMAR YADAV M 52 Kosi Vikas Party

15 RAM NANDAN YADAV M 45 Independent

16 NAYEEMUDDIN4 M 42 Independent

17 LAL BAHADUR HIMALAYA M 38 Independent

18 BABULU PASWAN M 35 Navbharat Nirman Party

19 PAWAN KUMAR “SUMAN” M 33 Independent

20 RAVINDRA KU. RANA M 62 Rashtriya Janata Dal

S04 27 BR BANKA 30-Apr-09 1 GRIDHARI YADAV M 44 Indian National Congress

2 JAI PRAKASH NARAYAN YADAV M 55 Rashtriya Janata Dal

3 DAMODAR RAWAT M 47 Janata Dal (United)

4 MUKESH KUMAR SINGH M 45 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 SANJAY KUMAR M 45 Communist Party of India

6 ANIL KUMAR ALIAS ANIL GUPTA M 40 Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)

7 AMRESHWAR KUMAR M 29 Jago Party

8 ARBIND KUMAR SAH M 42 Rashtriya Pragati Party

9 KEDAR PRASAD SINGH M 61 Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

10 MAHABUB ALAM ANSARI M 50 Bharatiya Momin Front

11 RAJENDRA PANDIT NETAJI M 57 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Ulgulan)

S06 1 GJ KACHCHH 30-Apr-09 1 JAT POONAMBEN VELJIBHAI F 37 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 DANICHA VALJIBHAI PUNAMCHANDRA M 54 Indian National Congress

3 NAMORI MOHANBHAI LADHABHAI M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 CHAUHAN MOTILAL DEVJIBHA M 49 Lokpriya Samaj Party

5 DR. TINA MAGANBHAI PARMAR F 26 Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal

6 DUNGARIYA BHARMALBHAI NARANBHAI M 45 Samajwadi Party

7 PARMAR MUKESHBHAI MANDANBHAI M 44 Indian Justice Party

8 BADIYA RAMESH GANGJI M 44 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

9 KANJI ABHABHAI MAHESHWARI M 55 Independent

10 GARVA ASMAL THAKARSHI M 44 Independent

11 GOVIND JIVABHAI DAFADA M 50 Independent

12 BADIA GANGJI FAKIRA M 55 Independent

13 MAHESHWARI GANGJI DAYABHAI M 55 Independent

14 MAHESHWARI DHANJIBHAI KARSHANBHAI M 51 Independent

15 MUNSHI BHURALAL KHIMJIBHAI M 40 Independent

16 MANGALIYA LILBAI JIVANBHAI F 42 Independent

17 VANZARA HIRABEN DALPATBHAI F 35 Independent

18 SARESA NANJI BHANJIBHAI M 42 Independent

S06 2 GJ BANASKANTHA 30-Apr-09 1 GADHVI MUKESHKUMAR BHERAVDANJI M 47 Indian National Congress

2 CHETANBHAI KALABHAI SOLANKI M 28 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 CHAUDHARI HARIBHAI PARTHIBHAI M 54 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 AMRUTBHAI LAKHUBHAI PATEL(FOSI) M 49 Mahagujarat Janta Party

5 KATARIYA HASMUKHBHAI RAVJIBHAI M 34 Akhand Bharti

6 NAGORI JHUBERKHAN LIYAKATKHAN M 33 Adarsh Lok Dal

7 LODHA ISHVARBHAI MAHADEVBHAI M 57 Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

8 SAVJIBHAI PATHUBHAI RAJGOR M 34 Vishva Hindustani Sangathan

9 KARNAVAT YOGESHKUMAR BHIKHABHAI M 31 Independent

10 PATEL NAGJIBHAI PRAGJIBHAI M 43 Independent

11 PARSANI MAHMAD SIKANDAR JALALBHAI M 30 Independent

12 PUROHIT ASHOKBHAI CHHAGANBHAI M 32 Independent

13 PANSAL KALABHAI PUNMABHAI M 49 Independent

14 MAJIRANA BHOPAJI AASHAJI M 68 Independent

15 MALI JAGDISHKUMAR HASTAJI M 30 Independent

16 ROOTHAR LEBUJI PARBATJI M 32 Independent

17 SHARDABEN BHIKHABHAI PARMAR F 45 Independent

18 SIPAI AAIYUBBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI M 35 Independent

19 SHRIMALI ASHOKBHAI BALCHANDBHAI M 40 Independent

S06 3 GJ PATAN 30-Apr-09 1 KHOKHAR MAHEBOOBKHAN RAHEMATKHAN M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 JAGDISH THAKOR M 51 Indian National Congress

3 BAROT SANJAYBHAI MAGANBHAI M 50 Nationalist Congress Party

4 RATHOD BHAVSINHBHAI DAHYABHAI M 68 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 PATAVAT MAHAMMADBHAI SHARIFBHAI M 50 Independent

6 PATEL NARANBHAI PRAGDASBHAI M 55 Mahagujarat Janta Party

7 KANUBHAI BHURABHAI MAHESHVARI M 60 Independent

8 CHAUDHARY KIRTIKUMAR JESANGBHAI M 30 Independent

9 CHAUDHARY MANSINHBHAI MANABHAI M 32 Independent

10 JUDAL GANESHBHAI MEGHRAJBHAI M 35 Independent

11 THAKOR NATUJI HALAJI M 48 Independent

12 THAKOR BHUPATSINH KANTIJI M 29 Independent

13 DIVAN YASIN AHMAD MAHAMADSHAH M 47 Independent

14 PATEL KALPESHBHAI SHANKARLAL M 27 Independent

15 PATEL KIRITKUMAR CHIMANLAL M 38 Independent

16 PATEL DILIPKUMAR LILACHAND M 31 Independent

17 PATEL MANORBHAI VIRAMDAS M 68 Independent

18 PATEL RAMESHBHAI GOVINDBHAI M 45 Independent

19 BRAHMKSHATRIYA NIRUPABEN NATVARLAL F 35 Independent

20 BRAHMKSHATRIYA BHAGVATIBEN KHETSINH F 55 Independent

21 RABARI BABUBHAI LALLUBHAI M 56 Independent

22 RAJPUT JAGATSINH SAMANTSANG M 29 Independent

23 RAVAL BHURABHAI MOTIBHAI M 45 Independent

24 VAGHELA SHIVUBHA RAMSING M 53 Independent

25 SUNSARA AAMINBHAI USMANBHAI M 35 Independent

S06 9 GJ SURENDRANAGAR 30-Apr-09 1 BHATIYA NARANBHAI KEHARBHAI M 45 Independent

2 VAGHELA SATUBHA KANUBHA M 75 Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

3 BHARATBHAI RAMNIKLAL MAKWANA M 43 Independent

4 KOLI PATEL SOMABHAI M 68 Indian National Congress

5 DEVJIBHAI GOVINDBHAI FATEPARA M 51 Indian National Congress

6 MER LALJIBHAI CHATURBHAI M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

7 SONI PRAKASHBHAI GOVINDBHAI M 51 Bharatiya Janata Party

8 KORDIA ALTAFBHAI VALIBHAI M 25 Independent

9 PATEL MOHANBHAI DAHYABHAI M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

10 TUNDIYA PREMJIBHAI VIRJIBHAI M 53 Independent

11 NAYAKPRA HITSH BHAGVANGIBHAI M 40 Independent

12 DABHI MOHANBHAI TULSHIBHAI M 63 Independent

13 DERVALIA MEDHABHAI KALABHAI M 51 Independent

14 PATEL KHEMABHAI ISHVARBHAI M 43 Independent

15 RABA HARSURBHAI RAMBHAI M 63 Independent

16 JADAV BHAGWANBHAI MATHURBHAI M 56 Independent

17 UKABHAI AMARABHAI MAKWANA M 40 Independent

18 JAGRUTIBEN BABULAL GADA (SHAH) F 39 Mahagujarat Janta Party

19 PATADIYA KHIMJIBHAI HARAJIVANBHAI M 52 Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena

20 SOLANKI KARSHANBHAI JIVABHAI M 38 Independent

21 PATEL ASHOKKUMAR CHIMANLAL M 54 Independent

22 DHAVANIYA BACHUBHAI CHHAGANBHAI M 58 Lokpriya Samaj Party

23 CHAVDA ASHOKBHAI KARSHANBHAI M 33 Bahujan Samaj Party

24 SAVUKIYA LALJIBHAI MOHANLAL M 50 Independent

25 MER MAVJIBHAI KUKABHAI M 63 Independent

S06 10 GJ RAJKOT 30-Apr-09 1 MULTANI SUBHANBHAI POPATBHAI M 52 Independent

2 GOKALBHAI KHODABHAI PARMAR M 53 Lokpriya Samaj Party

3 KIRANKUMAR VALJIBHAI BHALODIA M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 DHANSUKHBHAI CHUNIBHAI BHANDERI M 46 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 DR. ZAKIRHUSEN MATHAKIYA M 38 Samajwadi Party

6 ARVINDBHAI JADAVJIBHAI RATHOD M 42 Independent

7 KUBAVAT BABUDAS CHHAGANDAS M 63 Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

8 PRAVINBHAI MEGHJIBHAI DENGADA M 46 Independent

9 KUVARJIBHAI MOHANBHAI BAVALIA M 54 Indian National Congress

10 JOSHI SUDHIRBHAI REVASHANKAR M 67 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

11 JADEJA SATUBHA AMARSANG M 41 National Secular Party

12 JADEJA NATUBHA AMARSANG M 39 National Secular Party

13 DHEDHI DALEECHANDBHAI LIRABHAI M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

14 KHIMSURIYA BHANUBHAI RAMJIBHAI M 47 Bahujan Samaj Party

15 NARENDRASINH TAPUBHA JADEJA M 35 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

16 HIRABHAI GORDHANBHAI CHANGELA M 58 Independent

17 HARSODA MAHESH HIRABHAI M 25 Independent

18 BHIKHABHAI KURJIBHAI SADADIYA M 57 Bahujan Samaj Party

19 GAR PRAKASH KHIMJIBHAI M 40 Independent

20 DUDHATRA MUKUNDBHAI GOVINDBHAI M 41 Independent

21 SAROLA GEETABEN MANJIBHAI F 32 Independent

22 RABARI MOMAIYABHAI ALABHAI M 60 Independent

23 AJITSINH HARISINH JADEJA M 55 Independent

24 DR.RAJESHKUMAR SHANTIBHIA MANKADIA M 35 Independent

25 RAJGURU INDRANIL SANJAYBHAI M 43 Indian National Congress

26 NAYANBHI HASHMUKHBHAI UPADHYAY M 42 Independent

27 KESHUBHAI DHANJIBHAI VEKARIYA M 30 Independent

28 MATHAKIA USMAN HASAN M 56 Independent

29 BABUBHAI DEVJIBHAI GHAVA M 42 Lok Jan Shakti Party

30 PATADIA VINODBHAI KHODABHAI M 45 Independent

31 CHAVDA LAKHMANBHAI DEVJIBHAI M 49 Republican Party of India

32 VEKARIYA PRAGJIBHAI NATHUBHAI M 60 Independent

33 BHIKHABHAI KURJIBHAI SADADIA M 57 Independent

34 VEKARIA ALPESHBHAI KESHUBHAI M 32 Mahagujarat Janta Party

35 JASVANTBHAI RANCHHODBHAI SABHAYA M 38 Samajwadi Party

36 PIPALIA BHARATBHAI SAVJIBHAI M 52 Mahagujarat Janta Party

37 GORI BHARTIBEN MAHENDRABHAI F 26 Independent

S06 13 GJ JUNAGADH 30-Apr-09 1 BARAD JASHUBHAI DHANABHAI M 54 Indian National Congress

2 BHUVA KAMLESHBHAI LALJIBHAI M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 SOLANKI DINUBHAI BOGHABHAI M 51 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 AKHED MAHESHBHAI VALLABHBHAI M 48 Indian Justice Party

5 KUNJADIYA VALLABHBHAI RAMBHAI M 46 Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

6 CHANDULAL BHANUBHAI DHADUK M 42 Mahagujarat Janta Party

7 DANGAR BRIJESH RAMBHAI M 31 Rashtrawadi Sena

S06 15 GJ BHAVNAGAR 30-Apr-09 1 GOHILMAHAVIRSINHBHAGIRATHSINH M 52 Indian National Congress

2 VAGHANI PRAKSHBHAI ARJANBHAI M 38 Indian National Congress

3 RANA RAJENDRASINH GHANSHYAMSINH M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 MANDAVIA MANSUKHBHAI LAXMANBHAI M 42 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 BORICHA VALJIBHAI BAGHABHAI M 51 Bahujan Samaj Party

6 REVAR MANSUKHBHAI KHODIDASBHAI M 40 Bahujan Samaj Party

7 ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI M 54 Mahagujarat Janta Party

8 ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI M 54 Mahagujarat Janta Party

9 ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI M 54 Mahagujarat Janta Party

10 YADAV TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI M 67 Samajwadi Party

11 YADAV TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI M 67 Samajwadi Party

12 YADAV TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI M 67 Samajwadi Party

13 SAPARIA DINESHBHAI NANUBHAI M 45 Lokpriya Samaj Party

14 SAPARIA DINESHBHAI NANUBHAI M 45 Lokpriya Samaj Party

15 SAPARIA DINESHBHAI NANUBHAI M 45 Lokpriya Samaj Party

16 PANDYA ATULBHAI HARSHADRAI M 46 Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal

17 PANDYA ATULBHAI HARSHADRAI M 46 Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal

18 PANDYA ATULBHAI HARSHADRAI M 46 Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal

19 GOHIL NANAJIBHAI MADHABHAI M 38 Republican Party of India (A)

20 GOHIL NANAJIBHAI MADHABHAI M 38 Republican Party of India (A)

21 CHAUHAN PREMJIBHAI SHAMJIBHAI M 42 Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)

22 MAKWANA HARINBHAI RAMNIKLAL M 37 Independent

23 MAKWANA HARINBHAI RAMNIKLAL M 37 Independent

24 MAKWANA HARINBHAI RAMNIKLAL M 37 Independent

25 GOHIL KISHORSINH BALAVANTSINH M 54 Independent

26 GOHIL KISHORSINH BALAVANTSINH M 54 Independent

27 GOHIL KISHORSINH BALAVANTSINH M 54 Independent

28 KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI M 49 Independent

29 KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI M 49 Independent

30 KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI M 49 Independent

31 PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI M 43 Independent

32 PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI M 43 Independent

33 PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI M 43 Independent

34 CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI M 39 Independent

35 CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI M 39 Independent

36 CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI M 39 Independent

37 SONANI NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI M 36 Independent

38 SONANI NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI M 36 Independent

39 SONANI NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI M 36 Independent

40 CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI M 42 Independent

41 CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI M 42 Independent

42 CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI M 42 Independent

43 SOLANKI MAHAMADRAFIKBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI M 50 Independent

44 SOLANKI MAHAMADRAFIKBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI M 50 Independent

45 SOLANKI MAHAMADRAFIKBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI M 50 Independent

46 DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI M 29 Independent

47 DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI M 29 Independent

48 DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI M 29 Independent

49 PATEL KALPESHBHAI ASHOKBHAI M 30 Independent

50 PATEL KALPESHBHAI ASHOKBHAI M 30 Independent

51 PATEL KALPESHBHAI ASHOKBHAI M 30 Independent

S06 18 GJ PANCHMAHAL 30-Apr-09 1 MANSURI MUKHTYAR MOHAMAD M 49 Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

2 VAGHELA SHANKERSINH LAXMANSINH M 68 Indian National Congress

3 PATEL PROSOTTAMBHAI MANGALBHAI M 53 Indian National Congress

4 BAROT PRAKASHKUMAR MANEKLAL M 53 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 CHAUHAN PRABHATSINH PRATAPSINH M 67 Bharatiya Janata Party

6 MALIVAD KALUBHAI HIRABHAI M 58 Bharatiya Janata Party

7 SHAIKH KALIM A.LATIF M 42 Lok Jan Shakti Party

8 SHUKLA ARVINDKUMAR JYANTILAL M 66 Bahujan Samaj Party

9 BHABHOR RASILABEN SAMSUBHAI F 26 Indian Justice Party

S06 19 GJ DAHOD 30-Apr-09 1 KATARA SINGJIBHAI JALJIBHAI M 62 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 KALARA RAMSINGBHAI NANJIBHAI M 37 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 DAMOR SOMJIBHAI PUNJABHAI M 70 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 TAVIYAD DR. PRABHABEN KISHORSINH F 54 Indian National Congress

5 MEDA KALSINGBHAI TAJSINHBHAI M 57 Nationalist Congress Party

6 PARMAR DINESHBHAI NAGJIBHAI M 28 Indian Justice Party

7 BARIYA NAVALSINGBHAI MADIABHAI M 39 Mahagujarat Janta Party

8 MUNIA KAMALSINH CHHAGANBHAI M 61 Samajwadi Party

S06 20 GJ VADODARA 30-Apr-09 1 GAEKWAD SATYAJITSINH DULIPSINH M 46 Indian National Congress

2 PUROHIT VINAYKUMAR RAMANBHAI M 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 BALKRISHNA KHANDERAO SHUKLA M 45 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 GIRISHBHAI MADHAVLAL BHAVSAR M 42 Independent

5 THAVARDAS AMULRAI CHOITHANI M 63 Independent

6 DASGUPTA TAPANBHAI SHANTIMAY M 45 Independent

7 PARMAR BHARTIBEN KISHORCHANDRA F 36 Independent

8 MALEK MAHEBUBBHAI RAHIMBHAI M 42 Independent

9 VASAVA HARILAL SHANABHAI M 46 Independent

S06 21 GJ CHHOTA UDAIPUR 30-Apr-09 1 RATHWA RAMSINGBHAI PATALBHAI M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 RATHWA NARANBHAI JEMLABHAI M 55 Indian National Congress

3 BHIL PRAKASHBHAI SOMABHAI M 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 RATHWA SATISHBHAI RAMANBHAI M 32 Janata Dal (United)

5 VASAVA(BHIL) VITTHALBHAI VENIBHAI M 63 Independent

S06 22 GJ BHARUCH 30-Apr-09 1 PATEL MEHRUNNISHA VALLIBHAI F 40 Lok Jan Shakti Party

2 PATHAN JAHANGIRKHA AHEMADKHA M 69 Indian National Congress

3 PATHAN JAHANGIRKHA AHEMADKHA M 69 Indian National Congress

4 MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA M 52 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED M 64 Indian National Congress

6 UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED M 64 Indian National Congress

7 UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED M 64 Indian National Congress

8 UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED M 64 Indian National Congress

9 MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA M 52 Bharatiya Janata Party

10 MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA M 52 Bharatiya Janata Party

11 MORI CHHATRASINH PUJABHAI M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

12 MORI CHHATRASINH PUJABHAI M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

13 MORI CHHATRASINH PUJABHAI M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

14 VASAVA SURESHBHAI GORDHANBHAI M 40 Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

15 VASAVA DILIPKUMAR GULSINGBHAI M 32 Independent

16 PANDEY SANATKUMAR RAJARAMBHAI M 32 Bahujan Samaj Party

17 BASHIRBHAI MAHAMEDBHAI FOJDAR M 44 Independent

18 VASAVA CHHOTUBHAI AMARSINHBHAI M 62 Janata Dal (United)

19 BHAGAT ANILKUMAR CHHITUBHAI M 44 Janata Dal (United)

20 LAD MAHIPATBHAI MAGANBHAI M 52 Independent

21 PATEL THAKORBHAI CHANDULAL M 58 Independent

22 HEMANTKUMAR JERAMBHAI GOHIL M 31 Independent

23 MANGROLA KANAKSINH MOHANSINH M 58 Samajwadi Party

24 MANGROLA VIKRAMSINH KANAKSINH M 28 Samajwadi Party

25 PATEL NARESHKUMAR BHAGVANBHAI M 48 Mahagujarat Janta Party

26 PATEL NARESHKUMAR BHAGVANBHAI M 48 Mahagujarat Janta Party

27 NARENDRASINH RANDHIRSINH VASHI M 37 Loktantrik Samajwadi Party

28 PARMAR BALVANTSINH VIJAYSINH M 53 Nationalist Congress Party

29 PATHAN NISHARKHAN ZAHIRKHAN M 38 Independent

30 LAKDAWALA SHAKIL AHMED M 43 Independent

31 PATEL USMANBHAI GULAMBHAI M 26 Independent

S06 25 GJ NAVSARI 30-Apr-09 1 NAIK YOGESHKUMAR THAKORBHAI M 54 Nationalist Congress Party

2 C. R. PATIL M 54 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RAJPUT DHANSUKHABHAI BHAGVATIPRASAD M 51 Indian National Congress

4 SHAILESHBHAI BISHESWAR SHRIVASTAV M 37 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 AMULKUMAR DHIRUBHAI DESAI M 46 Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh

6 AAZADKUMAR CHATURBHAI PATEL M 33 Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party

7 YADAV GANGAPRASAD LALANBHAI M 55 Mahagujarat Janta Party

8 KANUBHAI DEVJIBHAI SUKHADIA M 47 Independent

9 JASHAVANTBHAI DALPATBHAI PANCHAL M 48 Independent

10 TARUNBHAI CHAMPAKBHAI PATEL M 39 Independent

11 PATEL PRAVINCHANDRA MANILAL M 52 Independent

12 PRAKASH MANHAR SHAH M 45 Independent

13 PRAVINBHAI RANGILDAS KAPASIYAWALA M 71 Independent

14 YADAV RAJENDRAKUMAR RAMRAJ M 35 Independent

15 RATHOD GOVINDBHAI LAXMANBHAI M 52 Independent

16 VARANKAR KAMALBEN KASHIRAM F 50 Independent

17 SHATRUDHANDAS OMKARDAS SUGAT (BAIRAGI) M 78 Independent

18 SATYAJIT JAYANTILAL SHETH M 41 Independent

S06 26 GJ VALSAD 30-Apr-09 1 DHIRUBHAI CHHAGANBHAI PATEL M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 NARESHBHAI MAGANBHAI PATEL M 41 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 LAXMANBHAI CHHAGANBHAI VARLI M 51 Independent

4 BHOYE NAYNESHBHAI MADHUBHAI M 31 Samajwadi Party

5 GAVLI CHHAGANBHAI PILUBHAI M 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

6 PATEL PANKAJKUMAR PRABHUBHAI M 40 Aadivasi Sena Party

7 KISHANBHAI VESTABHAI PATEL M 46 Indian National Congress

8 JEETUBHAI HARJIBHAI CHAUDHARI M 45 Indian National Congress

9 RAMBHAI KOYABHAI PATEL M 59 Independent

S10 3 KA BAGALKOT 30-Apr-09 1 SHANKAR TELI M 33 Independent

2 MANOHAR H.AYYANNAVAR M 51 Independent

3 MALAKAJAPPANAVAR BASAYYA M 49 Janata Dal (Secular)

4 KALLAPPA REVANASIDDAPPA KADECHUR M 43 Independent

5 JAGADISH TIMMANAGOUDA PATIL M 59 Indian National Congress

6 BASAVARAJ KALAKAPPA PUJAR M 42 Nationalist Congress Party

7 HULLANAGOUDA CHANDANAGOUDA PATIL M 70 Independent

8 GADDIGOUDAR PARVATGOUDA M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

9 PATIL JAGADISH M 59 Indian National Congress

10 DANAPPA MALLAPPA ASANGI M 38 Independent

11 CHINCHOLI SANTOSHKUMAR SAHEBGOUDA M 25 Independent

12 GADADANNAVAR RAMANNA BHIMAPPA M 47 Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha

13 CHANDRASHEKHAR HANAMANT BANDIWADDAR M 29 Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal

14 PARASHURAM JALAGAR M 48 Pyramid Party of India

15 PARASHURAM JALAGAR M 48 Janata Dal (Secular)

16 KRISHNAGOUDA RANGANAGOUDA PATIL M 56 Independent

17 R. RAMESH BABU M 38 Janata Dal (Secular)

18 R.RAMESH BABU M 38 Janata Dal (Secular)

19 BADASHA RAJESAB MUJAWAR M 40 Independent

20 KRISHNAGOUDA RANGANAGOUDA PATIL M 56 Independent

21 PATIL VIJAYKUMAR M 46 Janata Dal (Secular)

22 PANDIT BODALI M 33 Independent

23 GADADANNAVAR RAMANNA BHIMAPPA M 47 Independent

24 GADADANNAVAR RAMANNA BHIMAPPA M 47 Independent

25 R.RAMESH BABU M 38 Independent

26 R.RAMESH BABU M 38 Independent

27 RENUKARADHYA HIREMATH M 29 Independent

28 SANNAGOUDAR GURURAJ SATYAPPAGOUDA M 27 Independent

29 PAKALI FAROOQ M 33 Bahujan Samaj Party

30 SINDHUR GURUBASAVARYA M 48 Janata Dal (Secular)

31 NAZIR DUNDASI M 31 Independent

32 SANGMESH .G. BHAVIKATTI M 29 Independent

S10 10 KA HAVERI 30-Apr-09 1 RAMACHANDRAPPA GUDDAPPA BILLAL M 59 Independent

2 CHANDRAGOUDA HANUMANTA GOUDA PATIL M 29 Independent

3 FAKKIRESH SHAMBHU BIJAPUR M 39 Independent

4 SHIVAKUMAR CHANNABASAPPA UDASI M 42 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 BASAVARAJ SHANKRAPPA DESAI M 38 Independent

6 JAGADEESH YANKAPPA DODDAMANI M 35 Independent

7 RAJESAB RAHAMANSAB SIDNEKOPPA M 65 Independent

8 PRABHU K PATIL M 31 Janata Dal (United)

9 JAVALI ASHOKAPPA MALLAPPA M 43 Nationalist Congress Party

10 RAMACHANDRASA SAHASRARJUNSA HABIB M 26 Independent

11 IGAL DILLPPA KARIYAPPA M 52 Bahujan Samaj Party

12 KRISHNAJI RAGHAVENDRARAO OMKAR M 32 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

13 MULLANAVAR ABDULRAJAK MODINSAB M 49 Bahujan Samaj Party

14 MEHABUB KUTUBSAB NADAF M 47 Independent

15 SALEEM AHAMAD M 45 Indian National Congress

16 PATIL SHIVAKUMARGOUDA M 42 Janata Dal (Secular)

17 MANJUNATH KALAVEERAPPA PANCHANAN M 38 Independent

18 DESAI MALLIKARJUN BASAPPA M 61 Independent

19 SALEEM AKBAR NAIK M 30 Independent

20 DAYANAND RAMACHANDRA RATHOD M 35 Independent

21 ALLABAX TIMMAPUR M 34 Independent

22 BADIGER KOTESHWAR M 28 Independent

23 VASTRAD VEERBHADRAYYA KALAKAYYA M 47 Bharatiya Janata Party

S10 11 KA DHARWAD 30-Apr-09 1 PRALHAD JOSHI M 46 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 CHANNABASAPPA.S.KUSUGAL M 48 Independent

3 RAJANNA.P.KADDLYANAVARAMATH M 36 Independent

4 KUNNUR MANJUNATH CHANNAPPA M 55 Indian National Congress

5 BAGWAN NASIR PAPULSAB M 51 Janata Dal (Secular)

6 RAMACHANDRA KALINGAPPA MAHAR M 59 Independent

7 TALAKALLAMATH MAHESH GURUPADAYYA M 52 Nationalist Congress Party

8 ASHOK BADDI M 38 Independent

9 KURUBAR BEERAPPA M 38 Independent

10 BABUSAB KASHEEMNAVAR M 61 Janata Dal (Secular)

11 PATIL GURUPADAGOUDA M 62 Independent

12 JANUMALA BASKAR M 39 Independent

13 BASANGOUDA HANSI M 63 Independent

14 PANCH MAHALDAR M 38 Independent

15 NIRJAN HANMANTSA M 40 Janata Dal (United)

16 SHANKRAPPA YADAVANNAVAR M 50 Independent

17 SONDUR RAGHAVENDRA SRINIVAS M 46 Janata Dal (Secular)

18 ALLISAB SANDIMANI M 30 Independent

19 KILLADAR ALLABAKSH M 52 Nationalist Congress Party

20 TAKAPPA KALAL M 59 Independent

21 MULLA KASHIMASAB M 57 Bahujan Samaj Party

22 PREMANATH KASHAPPA CHIKKTUMBAL M 31 Bahujan Samaj Party

23 MARUTI RAMAPPA HANASI M 40 Independent

24 DADAPEER KOPPAL M 50 Ambedkar National Congress

25 KALLIMANI IBRAHIM M 32 Independent

26 IMAMHUSEN KUNDAGOL M 46 Independent

27 GADAGKAR MOHAMMAD YOOSUF M 56 Muslim League Kerala State Committee

28 SHANKRAPPA JINNAKAR M 63 Independent

29 HULLI MOHAMMEDALI M 67 Independent

30 JAMIRAHMEDKHAN M 27 Independent

31 MOHAMMED ISMAIL BHADRAPUR M 28 Independent

32 BIJAPUR JALALSAHEB M 78 Independent

33 BALANNAVAR BASAVARAJ M 30 Independent

34 KASHEEMNAVAR BABUSAB M 61 Independent

35 PATIL GURUPADAGOUDA M 62 Janata Dal (Secular)

S10 13 KA DAVANAGERE 30-Apr-09 1 RAMESH HULI M 35 Independent

2 MUJEEB PATEL M.H.K. M 25 Independent

3 DR. SRIDHARA UDUPA M 56 Independent

4 SUBHAN KHAN M 45 Independent

5 SIDDESWARA G.M. M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

6 DR.RAJU C. M 44 Independent

7 MALLIKARJUN S.S. M 42 Indian National Congress

8 IDLI RAMAPPA M 46 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

9 NAGARAJA M 30 Independent

10 H K KENCHVEERAPPA M 65 Independent

11 L.H. PATIL M 41 Independent

12 RAJASHEKHARAYYA B. M 62 Independent

13 DR. HIDAYATHUR RAHMAN KHAN M 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

14 NINGAPPA A. M 77 Independent

15 MALLIKARJUN L.S. M 39 Independent

16 AMANULLA KHAN J. M 35 Independent

17 JAYANNA ITAGI M 38 Independent

18 ALUR M.G. SWAMY M 62 Independent

19 SATHISH B.M M 45 Independent

20 INAYAT ALI KHAN M 31 Independent

21 YOGESHWARA RAO SINDHE M 42 Independent

22 RAJASHEKAR M 44 Independent

23 HANUMANTHAPPA M 32 Independent

24 MANJUNATH K. M 43 Independent

25 MAHESH Y. M 40 Independent

26 EHSANULLA PATEL H.M. M 53 Independent

27 SUDESH G.M. M 31 Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

28 CHANDRASHEKARAPPA S. M 59 Independent

29 VEERESH T. M 35 Independent

30 SIDDESHI G. M 42 Independent

31 MARUTHI H. M 51 Independent

32 GNANA PRAKASH B. M 30 Independent

33 ESWARAPPA H. M 30 Independent

34 NAGARAJAPPA M 46 Independent

35 KALLERUDRESHAPPA K.B. M 49 Janata Dal (Secular)

S10 14 KA SHIMOGA 30-Apr-09 1 UMESHKUMAR S M 38 Janata Dal (United)

2 N DINESH KUMAR M 40 Independent

3 M.P. SRIDHAR. BYNDOOR M 44 Independent

4 AKHIL AHMED M 45 Independent

5 H.S. SHEKARAPPA M 47 Independent

6 J. JAYAPPA M 40 Bahujan Samaj Party

7 S. BANGARAPPA M 76 Indian National Congress

8 D.S. ESHWARAPPA M 41 Independent

9 T. CHAKRAVARTI NAYAKA M 70 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

10 MAINUDDIN.M.S M 35 Independent

11 C. MURUGAN M 29 Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

12 B,Y. RAGHAVENDRA M 36 Bharatiya Janata Party

13 Y.H. NAGARAJA M 51 Independent

14 MANJAPPA. S. M 58 Independent

15 RANGANATHA T.L. M 50 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

16 H.G. LOKESHA M 47 Independent

17 V. SHAIK MEHABOOB M 43 Independent

S10 15 KA UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR 30-Apr-09 1 GANAPATHI SHETTIGARA M 58 Independent

2 SRINIVASA M 51 Independent

3 DENIAL FEDRIK RANGER M 35 Independent

4 JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE M 57 Indian National Congress

5 JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE M 57 Indian National Congress

6 JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE M 57 Indian National Congress

7 JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE M 57 Indian National Congress

8 SMT. RADHA F 49 Communist Party of India

9 SMT. RADHA F 49 Communist Party of India

10 SMT. RADHA F 49 Communist Party of India

11 DR. SRIDHAR UDUPA M 56 Independent

12 UMESH KUMARA M 38 Independent

13 B.VINAYAK MALLYA M 26 Independent

14 STEVEN JOHN MENEZES M 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

15 STEVEN JOHN MENEZES M 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

16 ABDUL RASHEED M 40 Independent

17 ABDUL RASHEED M 40 Independent

18 VENKATRAMANA HEGADE.B M 39 Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party

19 D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

20 D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

21 D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

22 D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA M 56 Bharatiya Janata Party

S10 16 KA HASSAN 30-Apr-09 1 KOVI BABANNA M 47 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

2 B. C. VIJAYAKUMAR M 43 Independent

3 A. P. AHAMED M 66 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 B. SHIVRAMU M 58 Indian National Congress

5 K. H. HANUME GOWDA M 78 Bharatiya Janata Party

6 S. HARISH(S. C. S) M 37 Independent

7 AIJAZ AHAMED FAROOQI M 52 Republican Party of India (A)

8 H. D. DEVEGOWDA M 76 Janata Dal (Secular)

9 KODIHALLI CHANDRASHEKAR M 51 Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha

10 M. MAHESH URF HARSHA M 38 Independent

11 K. SHANMUKHA M 42 Independent

12 RAJANI NARAYANAGOWDA M 34 Independent

13 K. REVANNA M 34 Independent

14 G. P. SANTHOSH GUPTHA M 28 Independent

15 B. LOHITHGOWDA KUNDURU M 30 Bharatiya Janata Party

16 BOMMEGOWDA M 62 Independent

17 T. R. VIJAYA KUMAR M 33 Independent

18 DEVARAJ. P. B M 26 Independent

19 DYAVEGOWDA M 53 Independent

S10 17 KA DAKSHINA KANNADA 30-Apr-09 1 SUPREETHA KUMAR POOJARY M 31 Independent

2 JANARDHANA POOJARY M 71 Indian National Congress

3 VASUDEVA M P M 49 Independent

4 DR.THIRUMALA RAYA HALEMANE M 55 Independent

5 G.MOHAMMED M 48 Independent

6 K RAMA BHAT URIMAJALU M 78 Independent

7 ABDUL RAZAK M 50 Independent

8 MADHAVA B M 71 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

9 MOHAMMED SALI M 40 Independent

10 GIRISH A RAI M 47 Bahujan Samaj Party

11 NALIN KUMAR KATEEL M 42 Bharatiya Janata Party

12 K MONAPPA BHANDARY M 57 Bharatiya Janata Party

13 C AHAMMAD JAMAL M 54 Muslim League Kerala State Committee

14 ANANDA GATTY M 59 Independent

15 SUBRAHMANYA KUMAR KUNTIKANA MATA M 36 Independent

16 DR.U.P.SHIVANANDA M 59 Independent

S10 20 KA MANDYA 30-Apr-09 1 SHAMBHULINGEGOWDA M 48 Independent

2 KOWDLEY CHANNAPPA M 60 Janata Dal (United)

3 K S NANJAPPA M 56 Independent

4 K S PUTTANNAIAH M 60 Sarvodaya Party

5 N NANJUNDAIAH M 57 Independent

6 S B SHIVALINGEGOWDA M 62 Indian National Congress

7 SUMANTH M 60 Independent

8 M KRISHNAMURTHY M 35 Bahujan Samaj Party

9 VENKTESH R M 37 Independent

10 T S ASHRAF M 33 Independent

11 SHIVARAMU M 41 Independent

12 L R SHIVARAMEGOWDA M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

13 SHAKUNTHALA F 29 Independent

14 H S RAMANNA M 45 Independent

15 H R CHANDRASHEKHARAIAH M 43 Independent

16 BALASUBRAMANIAN M 38 Independent

17 CHELUVARAYA SWAMY M 49 Janata Dal (Secular)

18 M H AMARANATH @ AMBAREESH M 57 Indian National Congress

19 CHANDRASHEKHARAIAH M 46 Independent

20 N J RAJESH M 35 Independent

21 KEMPEGOWDA M 36 Independent

22 BOREGOWDA M 57 Independent

23 M P MUNAVAR SHARIF M 50 Independent

24 H V MADEGOWDA M 47 Independent

25 K SHIVANAND M 45 Independent

26 K KEMPEGOWDA M 47 Independent

27 JHONSON CHINNAPPAN M 32 Independent

S10 21 KA MYSORE 30-Apr-09 1 C.H.VIJAYASHANKAR M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 SRINATH-PATHRIKE M 39 Independent

3 M.BASAVANNA M 30 Independent

4 S.P.MAHADEVAPPA M 59 Independent

5 SYED NIZAM ALI M 51 Bahujan Samaj Party

6 P.KARIGOWDA M 63 Independent

7 P.PARASHIVAMURTHY M 41 Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party

8 ADAGURU H VISHWANATH M 59 Indian National Congress

9 M.ANWARJI M 62 Independent

10 ARHSADULLA SHARIFF M 40 Bharatiya Praja Paksha

11 M.V.SANTHOSHKUMAR M 27 Independent

12 M.S.BALAJI M 51 Ambedkar National Congress

13 SANTHOSH KUMAR.P M 35 Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)

14 S.P.GEETHA F 36 United Women Front

15 RAJU M 54 Independent

16 B.A.JIVIJAYA F 71 Janata Dal (Secular)

17 M.LEELAVATHI F 51 Independent

18 RAFEEQ M 27 Independent

19 E.RAJU M 42 Independent

20 M.NAGENDRA M 42 Independent

21 DR.E.KESHAMMA F 32 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

22 K.P.CHIDANANDA M 48 Janata Dal (United)

23 B.D.LINGAPPARAI M 52 Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha

S24 33 UP UNNAO 30-Apr-09 1 SHIVSHANKERKUSHWAHA M 46 Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena

2 RAMESHKUMARSINGH M 60 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 ANNUTANDON F 51 Indian National Congress

4 DEEPAKKUMAR M 40 Samajwadi Party

5 SUNILKUMAR M 35 Independent

6 RASHIDQAMAR M 28 Muslim League Kerala State Committee

7 BASUDEVVISHARAD M 65 Vikas Party

8 ABHICHHEDILALYADAV M 47 Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (United)

9 RAMASHREY M 36 Independent

10 RAJKISHORESINGH M 36 Rashtravadi Communist Party

11 LALA M 40 Independent

12 UMESHCHANDRA M 25 Apna Dal

13 RAJUKASHYAP M 40 Vanchit Jamat Party

14 RAMAOTAR M 63 Buddhiviveki Vikas Party

15 KRISHNAPALSINGHVAIS M 62 Independent

16 CHANDRASHEKHARTIWARI M 43 Independent

17 ARUNSHANKARSHUKLA M 52 Bahujan Samaj Party

18 ASHOKKUMAR M 39 Independent

19 CHHEDILAL M 42 Republican Party of India (A)

20 RAMSEVAK M 44 Ambedkar Samaj Party

21 UDAISHANKERTIWARI M 64 Independent

22 JAVEDRAZA M 39 Janata Dal (United)

23 KAILASHNATHMISHRA M 66 Independent

24 DRCOLPRATAPSHANKARTIWARI M 65 Rashtriya Raksha Dal

S24 34 UP MOHANLALGANJ 30-Apr-09 1 R.K.CHAUDHARY M 50 Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

2 ASHA DEVI F 38 Bharatiya Grameen Dal

3 JAI PRAKASH M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 SUSHILA SAROJ F 58 Samajwadi Party

5 JAIPAL PATHIK M 50 Rashtravadi Communist Party

6 NARENDRA KUMAR M 38 Indian National Congress

7 DINESH KUMAR M 38 Independent

8 SATTIDEEN M 53 Uttar Pradesh Republican Party

9 RANJAN M 38 Bharatiya Janata Party

10 RAM DHAN M 42 Independent

11 RAJU SONKAR M 46 Independent

12 AMRESH KUMAR M 27 Rashtravadi Communist Party

13 SATISH SONKAR M 40 Dharam Nirpeksh Dal

14 BINDU DEVI F 33 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

15 SARJU M 52 Independent

S24 35 UP LUCKNOW 30-Apr-09 1 RAVI SHANKAR M 28 Bharat Punarnirman Dal

2 SUKHVEER SINGH M 41 Independent

3 DR. AKHILESHWAR SAHAI M 39 Independent

4 RAVI M 32 Vikas Party

5 AMIT PANDEY M 33 Independent

6 RAJESH KUMAR M 25 Independent

7 PADAM CHANDRA GUPTA M 35 Independent

8 DR. AKHILESH DAS GUPTA M 48 Bahujan Samaj Party

9 SEHNAAZ SIDRAT F 48 Independent

10 NAND KUMAR M 44 Bharatiya Grameen Dal

11 DASHARATH M 36 Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party

12 MOHD. IRSHAD M 40 Navbharat Nirman Party

13 A. HAROON ALI M 48 Independent

14 LAL JI TANDON M 73 Bharatiya Janata Party

15 ANUPAM MISHRA M 37 Swarajya Party Of India

16 ZUBAIR AHMAD M 32 Independent

17 PRAVEEN KUMAR MISHRA M 32 Eklavya Samaj Party

18 RISAV KUMAR SHARMA M 28 Maulik Adhikar Party

19 BAL MUKUND TIWARI M 26 Independent

20 S.MD.AHAMAD M 59 Independent

21 HARJEET SINGH M 48 Independent

22 CHANDRA BHUSHAN PANDEY M 60 Independent

23 S.R.DARAPURI M 65 Independent

24 RADHEYSHYAM M 37 Independent

25 NAFISA ALI SODHI F 52 Samajwadi Party

26 DR.KHAN MOHMAD ATIF M 64 Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh

27 AMBIKA PRASAD M 49 Independent

28 MANOJ SINGH M 37 Independent

29 VINAY PRAKASH M 36 Independent

30 RAJESH KUMAR PANDEY M 40 All India Trinamool Congress

31 RAJESH KUMAR NAITHANI M 35 Independent

32 CHATURI PRASAD M 56 Independent

33 MURLI PRASAD M 56 Rashtriya Kranti Party

34 ASHOK KUMAR PAL M 31 Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party

35 SITARAM M 38 Uttar Pradesh Republican Party

36 NITIN DWIWEDI M 25 Independent

37 MUSTAQ KHAN M 38 Indian Justice Party

38 RAM KUMAR SHUKLA M 62 Independent

39 SMT. JUGUNU RANJAN F 47 Jaganmay Nari Sangathan

40 LT.COL.(RETD.) KUSH PRASAD MATHUR M 55 Rashtriya Raksha Dal

41 RITA BAHUGUNA JOSHI F 59 Indian National Congress

42 RAJIV RANJAN TIWARI M 29 Independent

43 SUMAN LATA DIXIT F 53 Independent

44 DHEERAJ M 37 Independent

45 AMRESH MISHRA M 43 Independent

46 DEVENDRA M 25 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

47 KEDAR MAL AGRAWAL M 55 Independent

48 AMAR SINGH YADAV M 53 Independent

49 SAYED MOH. LADEL M 45 Independent

50 KAMAL CHANDRA M 39 Gondvana Gantantra Party

51 SHARAD KUMAR CHAUDHARY M 35 Bharatiya Rashtriya Bahujan Samaj Vikas Party

52 GIRISH CHANDRA M 62 Independent

53 C.A. RAJESH RASTOGI M 52 Independent

54 K.C. KARDAM M 65 Independent

55 CHAMAN BIHARI TANDON M 66 Independent

56 LADDAN M 49 Independent

S24 53 UP BARABANKI 30-Apr-09 1 KAMALA PRASAD RAWAT M 47 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 P.L.PUNIA M 64 Indian National Congress

3 RAM NARESH RAWAT M 44 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 RAM SAGAR M 62 Samajwadi Party

5 VED PRAKASH RAWAT M 29 Bahujan Samaj Party

6 JEEVAN M 26 Janvadi Party(Socialist)

7 DESHRAJ M 49 Bharatiya Subhash Sena

8 BABADEEN M 49 Bharatiya Republican Paksha

9 BHAGAUTI M 54 Apna Dal

10 SANTRAM M 40 Navbharat Nirman Party

11 KAMLESH KUMAR M 38 Independent

12 GAYA PRASAD M 50 Independent

13 DEPENDRA KUMAR RAWAT M 25 Independent

14 PREM CHANDRA ARYA M 33 Independent

15 RAM AUTAR M 39 Independent

16 LAJJAWATI KANCHAN F 43 Independent

17 VISHRAM DAS M 67 Independent

S25 1 WB COOCH BEHAR 30-Apr-09 1 ARGHYA ROY PRODHAN M 37 All India Trinamool Congress

2 KRISHNA KANTA BARMAN M 29 Party for Democratic Socialism

3 NIRANJAN BARMAN M 42 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 NRIPENDRA NATH ROY M 49 All India Forward Bloc

5 HITENDRA DAS M 54 Independent

6 HAREKRISHNA SARKAR M 37 Republican Party of India

7 BANGSHI BADAN BARMAN M 41 Independent

8 BHABENDRA NATH BARMAN M 61 Bharatiya Janata Party

9 DALENDRA ROY M 50 Amra Bangalee

10 NUBASH BARMAN M 46 Independent

S25 2 WB ALIPURDUARS 30-Apr-09 1 MANOHAR TIRKEY M 54 Revolutionary Socialist Party

2 ELIAS NARJINARY M 56 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 BILKAN BARA M 62 Samajwadi Jan Parishad

4 JOUCHIM BAXLA M 55 Independent

5 DWIPEN ORAON M 30 Kamtapur Progressive Party

6 KAMAL LAMA M 49 Independent

7 THADDEVS LAKRA M 60 Independent

8 PABAN KUMAR LAKRA M 56 All India Trinamool Congress

9 MANOJ TIGGA M 36 Bharatiya Janata Party

10 PAUL DEXION KHARIYA M 55 Independent

S25 3 WB JALPAIGURI 30-Apr-09 1 MAHENDRA KUMAR ROY M 54 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 PRITHWIRAJ ROY M 36 Independent

3 SHANTI KUMAR SARKAR M 50 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 HARIBHAKTA SARDAR M 54 Independent

5 SATYEN PRASAD ROY M 46 Independent

6 SUKHBILAS BARMA M 64 Indian National Congress

7 PABITRA MOITRA M 58 Amra Bangalee

8 DR. DHIRENDRA NATH DAS M 47 Nationalist Congress Party

9 SRI CHINMAY SARKAR M 30 Independent

10 SRI MUNDRIKA RAM M 51 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

11 SRI DWIPENDRA NATH PRAMANIK M 37 Bharatiya Janata Party

S25 4 WB DARJEELING 30-Apr-09 1 JASWANT SINGH M 70 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 JIBESH SARKAR M 55 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

3 DAWA NARBULA M 73 Indian National Congress

4 SHANTA KUMAR SINGHA M 40 Nationalist Congress Party

5 HARIDAS THAKUR M 62 Bahujan Samaj Party

6 ABHIJIT MAJUMDAR M 48 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

7 TRILOK KUMAR DEWAN M 63 Independent

8 NIRANJAN SAHA M 50 Amra Bangalee

9 BAIDYANATH ROY M 55 Indian Peoples Forward Block

10 ARUN KUMAR AGARWAL M 48 Independent

11 NITU JAI M 35 Independent

12 RAM GANESH BARAIK M 44 Independent

13 HELARIUS EKKA M 50 Independent

S25 5 WB RAIGANJ 30-Apr-09 1 ANIL BISWAS M 49 Independent

2 GOPESH CH. SARKAR M 66 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 SULEMAN HAFIJI M 51 Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)

4 MANAS JANA M 36 Independent

5 UPENDRA NATH DAS M 47 Independent

6 AKHIL RANJAN MONDAL M 62 Bahujan Samaj Party

7 BIRESWAR LAHIRI M 61 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

8 NACHHIR ALI PRAMANIK M 64 Independent

9 ABDUL KARIM CHOUDHURY M 62 Independent

10 DEEPA DASMUNSHI F 48 Indian National Congress

11 MATIUR RAHMAN M 49 Janata Dal (United)

12 FAIZ RAHAMAN M 45 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

S25 6 WB BALURGHAT 30-Apr-09 1 BIPLAB MITRA M 57 All India Trinamool Congress

2 SAMU SOREN M 48 Independent

3 PRASANTA KUMAR MAJUMDAR M 68 Revolutionary Socialist Party

4 GOBINDA HANSDA M 47 Bahujan Samaj Party

5 PRAHALLAD BARMAN M 32 Independent

6 MRIDUL GHOSH. M 30 Assam United Democratic Front

7 SUBHASH CH. BARMAN M 50 Bharatiya Janata Party

8 CHAMRU ORAM M 52 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

S25 7 WB MALDAHA UTTAR 30-Apr-09 1 AMLAN BHADURI M 35 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 BIKASH BISWAS M 54 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 MAUSAM NOOR M 27 Indian National Congress

4 SAILEN SARKAR M 68 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 ATUL CHANDRA MANDAL M 39 Independent

6 MALLIKA SARKAR (NANDY) F 50 Independent

7 MONOWARA BEGAM F 39 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

8 ASIM KUMAR CHOWDHURY M 47 Independent

9 AMINA KHATUN F 29 Independent

S25 8 WB MALDAHA DAKSHIN 30-Apr-09 1 ABDUR RAZZAQUE M 60 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 ABU HASEM KHAN CHOUDHURY M 65 Indian National Congress

3 BHARAT CHANDRA MANDAL M 52 Bahujan Samaj Party

4 DIPAK KUMAR CHOWDHURY M 47 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 MOHAMMAD EJARUDDIN M 74 Muslim League Kerala State Committee

6 MD. KAMAL BASIRUJJAMAN M 32 Independent

7 RUSTAM ALI M 39 Independent

8 MANIRUDDIN SAIKH M 64 Paschim Banga Rajya Muslim League

9 MANJUR ALAHI MUNSHI M 42 Independent

10 SHYAMAL DAS M 38 Independent

S25 32 WB GHATAL 30-Apr-09 1 MATILAL KHATUA M 55 Bharatiya Janata Party

2 NARAYAN CHANDRA SAMAT M 60 Bahujan Samaj Party

3 GURUDAS DASGUPTA M 73 Communist Party of India

4 NURE ALAM CHOWDHURY M 66 All India Trinamool Congress

5 LIYAKAT KHAN M 31 Indian Justice Party

6 ARUN KUMAR DAS M 40 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

7 AHITOSH MAITY M 53 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

S25 33 WB JHARGRAM 30-Apr-09 1 AMRIT HASNDA M 63 Indian National Congress

2 NABENDU MAHALI M 34 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 ADITYA KISKU M 46 Independent

4 PULIN BIHARI BASKE M 40 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

5 SUSIL MANDI M 28 Independent

6 CHUNIBALA HANSDA M 44 Jharkhand Party

7 PANCHANAN HANSDA M 70 Bahujan Samaj Party

8 SUNIL MURMU M 30 Independent

9 DARKU MURMU M 56 Independent

S25 34 WB MEDINIPUR 30-Apr-09 1 DIPAK KUMAR GHOSH M 72 All India Trinamool Congress

2 SANJAY MISHRA M 49 Independent

3 PRADIP PATNAIK M 51 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 PARTHA ADDHYA M 32 Independent

5 SRI AMIT MAITRA M 63 Independent

6 PRABODH PANDA M 63 Communist Party of India

7 ASOK KUMAR GOLDER M 64 Bahujan Samaj Party

9 SUKUMAR DE M 54 Independent

10 JOYNAL ABEDIN SEKH M 52 Independent

11 MUKUL KUMAR MAITY M 33 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

12 NEPAL CHANDRA DAS M 60 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

S25 35 WB PURULIA 30-Apr-09 1 ASIT BARAN MAHATO M 38 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 NILKAMAL MAHATO M 69 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 RENUKA SINGH DEV F 60 Indian National Congress

4 SHANTIRAM MAHATO M 56 Indian National Congress

5 SAYANTAN BASU M 32 Bharatiya Janata Party

6 NARAHARI MAHATO M 54 All India Forward Bloc

7 AJIT PRASAD MAHATO M 56 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

8 ABINASH SAREN M 39 Independent

9 ABHIRAM BESRA M 41 Jharkhand Disom Party

10 AMULYA RATAN MAHATO M 68 Independent

11 UMACHARAN MAHATO M 69 Independent

12 DHIREN CHANDRA MAHATO M 48 Independent

13 DHIREN RAJAK M 44 Jharkhand Party (Naren)

14 BISAMBAR MURA M 42 Independent

15 MUKHES SAHU M 36 All Jharkhand Students Union

16 MRITYUNJAY MAHATO M 46 Independent

S25 36 WB BANKURA 30-Apr-09 1 BASUDEB ACHARIA M 67 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 LAKSHMI SARKAR F 54 Independent

3 SUBRATA MUKHERJEE M 63 Indian National Congress

4 BYASDEB CHAKRABORTTY M 37 Janata Dal (United)

5 PARESH MARANDI M 54 Independent

6 PRABIR BANERJEE M 36 Independent

7 SUDHIR KUMAR MURMU M 40 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

8 GANESH ROY M 34 Bahujan Samaj Party

9 RAHUL (BISWAJIT) SINHA M 45 Bharatiya Janata Party

10 ASWINI DULEY M 51 Jharkhand Party (Naren)

11 TAPAN KUMAR PATHAK M 27 Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party

S25 37 WB BISHNUPUR 30-Apr-09 1 SUSMITA BAURI F 34 Communist Party of India (Marxist)

2 UMA KANTA BHAKAT M 62 Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)

3 TAPAS DAS M 31 Jharkhand Mukti Morcha

4 UTTAM BOURI M 30 Independent

5 SEULI SAHA F 39 All India Trinamool Congress

6 JAYANTA MONDAL M 53 Bharatiya Janata Party

7 MANIK BAURI M 43 Bahujan Samaj Party

U03 1 DN DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI 30-Apr-09 1 DELKAR MOHANBHAI SANJIBHAI M 46 Indian National Congress

2 PATEL SUMANBHAI THAKORBHAI M 37 Indian National Congress

3 PATEL NATUBHAI GOMANBHAI M 36 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 MADHA JATARIYABHAI BUDHIYABHAI M 33 Bharatiya Janata Party

5 BIJ YOHANBHAI BHADIYABHAI M 36 Bahujan Samaj Party

6 RAJESH PRABHUBHAI PATEL M 38 Independent

7 MISHAL LAXMANBHAI NAVSUBHAI M 39 Independent

8 GAVIT BARAKBHAI JAURBHAI M 38 Independent

9 KHULAT BHIKALYABHAI VANSYABHAI M 40 Independent

S07 2 HR KURUKSHETRA 7-May-09 1 VISHNU BHAGWAN M 61 Independent

S07 6 HR SONIPAT 7-May-09 1 SHIV NARAYAN M 45 Independent

2 JITENDER SINGH M 40 Indian National Congress

3 JITENDER SINGH M 40 Indian National Congress

S19 10 PB FEROZPUR 7-May-09 1 MATHRA DASS M 73 Proutist Sarva Samaj

S19 11 PB BATHINDA 7-May-09 1 HARDEV SINGH ARSHI M 59 Communist Party of India

2 HARDEV SINGH ARSHI M 59 Communist Party of India

S19 12 PB SANGRUR 7-May-09 1 TARSEM JODHAN M 59 Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)

S20 3 RJ CHURU 7-May-09 1 SALIM GUJAR M 39 Independent

2 RAM SINGH KASWAN M 63 Bharatiya Janata Party

3 KAMALA KASWAN F 63 Bharatiya Janata Party

4 YUSUF KHAN M 46 Independent

S20 15 RJ PALI 7-May-09 1 PUSP JAIN M 52 Bharatiya Janata Party

S20 18 RJ JALORE 7-May-09 1 SUKHRAJ M 66 Independent

2 SHANTI PARMAR F 48 Independent

S20 23 RJ BHILWARA 7-May-09 1 VIJAYENDRA PAL SINGH M 61 Bharatiya Janata Party

S24 15 UP ALIGARH 7-May-09 1 RAJ KUMARI CHAUHAN F 46 Bahujan Samaj Party

S24 17 UP MATHURA 7-May-09 1 UDYAN SHARMA M 42 Samajwadi Party

2 PHAKKAD BABA M 64 Independent

S24 40 UP FARRUKHABAD 7-May-09 1 SWAMI SACHIDANAND HARI SAKSHI M 53 Rashtriya Kranti Party

S24 42 UP KANNAUJ 7-May-09 1 MAHESH CHANDRA M 53 Bahujan Samaj Party

2 AKHILESH YADAV M 35 Samajwadi Party

S25 27 WB SRERAMPUR 7-May-09 1 KALYAN BANERJEE M 52 All India Trinamool Congress

A toast to each and all of you in your endeavours in these hot summer months and Jai Hind.

Subroto Roy, Kolkata

Postscript: I shall be grateful if any inadvertent errors or ommissions are kindly brought to notice by sending in a comment on the post. Thanks in advance.

An Academic Database of Doctoral & Other Postgraduate Research Done at UK Universities on India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Other Asian Countries Over 100 Years

March 13, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

British universities have in the last one hundred years produced a vast and unsurpassable body of doctoral and other postgraduate research relating to India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Burma, Afghanistan, Malaysia and other Asian countries.

The first table below contains almost 3,300 entries, each beginning with the date of award and the degree, followed by the University (and College), followed by the title of the thesis, followed by the AUTHOR in capital letters, followed by the name of the thesis supervisor where provided.

NB: There is a second table that follows containing a further 78 77 entries — these latter are, however, incomplete in that either the year or the degree appears not to be available.

If you are an author or thesis-supervisor or other academic representative and you are able to correct any inadvertent error or omission, please feel free to write to me promptly by email and I shall seek to account for it. For omissions, please also identify yourself clearly and send a comment to the post along with the necessary data that you believe should be accounted for. Numerous typos existed in the original transcription, several of which have been corrected though many might remain. In several cases, it is not impossible the original transcription has mis-spelt a name but authentication could require the original thesis to be checked.

This database has been created from public data and is published below with the aim of encouraging further research and reflection. It may be of special interest to notice the choice and quality of subjects in the context of particular times.

Subroto Roy

Postscript: More than one grateful reader has called this document someone’s “labour of love”. I agree though I have to say it was not mine — my contribution has been merely to transform a confused spreadsheet into HTML, editing it very slightly, removing some but not all typos yet, and publishing it. The spreadsheet was one of a million files on my computer, which must mean I downloaded it from some public source at some time though I am afraid I have no record where, most probably in British academia.

Degree University & College Title AUTHOR Supervisor

1909   MA   Liverpool   The interaction of England and India during the early years of George III   Dorothy DUDLEY
1917   BLitt   Oxford   The history of the occupation and rural administration of Bengal by the English Company from the time of Clive to the permanent settlement under Cornwallis   W K FIRMINGER
1917   MA   Liverpool   The constitutional relations of the Marquess Wellesley with the home authorities   Beatrice L FRAZER
1917   BLitt   Oxford   Agricultural cooperation in British India   J MATTHAI
1921   BA   Cambridge   Relations between the Bombay government and the Marathi powers up to the year 1774   W S DESI
1921   MA   Manchester   The movement of opinion in England as regards Indian affairs, 1757-1773   E EMMETT   Prof Muir
1921   MA   Manchester   The relations of the Mahrattas with the British power   I Kathleen WALKER   Prof Muir
1922   BLitt   Oxford   The history of Burma to 1824   G E HARVEY
1922   PhD   London   Commercial relations between India and England, 1600-1757   B KRISHNA
1922   MSc   London   Agricultural problems and conditions in the Bombay Presidency, 1870-1914   M A TATA
1922   BLitt   Oxford   The Indian calico trade and its influence on English history   P J THOMAS
1922   MSc   London   The cotton industry in India to 1757   J N VARMA   Prof Sargeant
1922   PhD   Manchester   The administration of Bengal under Warren Hastings   Sophia WEITZMAN   Prof Muir
1923   MA   Manchester   The administrative and judicial reforms of Lord Cornwallis in Bengal (excluding the permanent settlement)   A ASPINALL   Mr Higham
1923   MA   Manchester   The Residency of Oudh during the administration of Warren Hastings   C C BRACEWELL   Prof Davis
1923   MLitt   Cambridge   Industrial evolution of India in recent times   D R GADGIL
1923   PhD   London   The Punjab as a sovereign state, 1799-1839   GULSHAM LALL   Prof Dodwell
1924   BLitt   Oxford   Development of the cotton industry in Indian from the early 19th century   S DESOUANDE
1925   MA   Liverpool   Henry Dundas and the government of India, 1784-1800   Dorothy THORNTON   Prof Veitch
1926   PhD   Cambridge   The North West Frontier of India, 1890-1909, with a survey of policy since 1849   C C DAVIES
1927   PhD   Leeds   A study of the development of agriculture in the Punjab and its economic effects   K S BAJWA
1927   BLitt   Oxford   The military system of the Mahrattas: its origin and development from the time of the Shivaji to the fall of the Mahratta empire   S SEN
1928   MA   Birmingham   The East India Company crisis, 1770-1773   R BEARD
1928   PhD   Edinburgh   A comparative study of the woollen industry in Scotland and the Punjab   J W SIRAJUDDIN   Dr Rankin
1929   PhD   London   The relations of the Governor-General and council with the Governor and council of Madras under the Regulating Act of 1773   A Das GUPTA   Prof Dodwell
1929   PhD   London, LSE   The evolution of Indian income tax, 1860-1922: a historical, critical and comparative study   J P NIYOGI
1929   PhD   London   Development of Indian ralways, 1842-1928   N SANYAL   Prof Foxwell; Dr Slater
1930   PhD   London   Financial history of Mysore, 1799-1831   M H GOPAL   Dr Slater; Prof Dodwell
1930   BLitt   Oxford, St Cath’s Soc   The development of political institutions in the state of Travancore, 1885-1924   V M ITTYERAH
1930   BLitt   Oxford   Sir Charles Crosthwaite and the consolidation of Burma   Mys J MAY-OUNG
1930   PhD   London, SOAS   Revenue administration of the Sirkars under the East India Company down to 1802   Lanka SUNDERAM
1930   PhD   London, LSE   Hastings’ experiments in the judicial administration   N J M YUSUF
1931   PhD   London   State policy and economic development in Mysore State since 1881   UDAYAM ABHAYAMBAL   Miss Anstey
1931   PhD   London   The origin and early history of public debt in India   P DATTA   Prof Coatman
1931   MA   London   Lord Macaulay and the Indian Legislative Council   C D DHARKAR   Prof Dodwell
1931   MA   London   The bilingual problem in Ceylon   T D JAYASURIYA
1931   PhD   London; LSE   Study of agricultural cooperation in India based upon foreign experience   H L PASRICHA   Prof Gregory
1931   PhD   London, UC   The administration of Mysore under Sir Mark Cubbon. 1834-1861   K N V SASTRI   Prof Dodwell

1931 PhD London, SOAS Administrative beginnings in British Burma, 1826-1843 Barbara J STEWART

1931/32    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    English social life in India in the 18th century    T G P SPEAR
1932    PhD    London    The growth and development of the Indian tea industry and trade    S M AKHTAR    Dr Anstey
1932    PhD    London    Anglo-Sikh relations, 1839-1849    K C KHANNA    Prof Dodwell
1932    PhD    London, LSE    Indian commodity market speculation    L N MISRA    Prof Coatman
1932    PhD    London, LSE    Indian foreign trade, 1870-1930    Parimal RAY    Prof Sargent
1932    PhD    London, King’s    Ceylon under the British occupation: its political and economic development, 1795-1833    C R de SILVA    Prof Newton
1932    PhD    London    Post-war labour legislation in India – a comparison with Japan    Sasadhar SINHA    Dr Anstey
1932    PhD    London    Local finance in India    G C VARMA    Prof Coatman
1933    PhD    Leeds    Historical survey of the financial policy of the government of India from 1857 to 1900 and of its economic and other consequences    H S BHAI
1933    PhD    London    The relations between the Board of Commissioners for the affairs of India and the Court of Directors, 1784-1816    P CHANDRA    Prof Coatman
1934    PhD    London    The influence of the home government on land revenue and judicial administration in the Presidency of Fort William in Bengal from 1807-1822    B S BALIGA    Prof Dodwell
1934    MSc    Leeds    A survey of the resources of tanning materials and the leather industry of Bhopal State, India    G W DOUGLAS
1934    PhD    Edinburgh    Human geography of Bengal    Arthur GEDDES
1934    BLitt    Oxford, Somerville    A study of the legal and administrative records of Dacca as illustrating the policy of Warren Hastings in East Bengal    F M SACHSE
1934    BLitt    Oxford    Biography of Maharaja DalipSingh    K S THAPER
1935    DPhil    Oxford    The development of the Indian administrative and financial system, 1858-1905, with special reference to the relations    F J THOMAS
1936    MSc    London    British Indian administration: a historical study    K R Ramaswami AIYANGAR
1936    MA    London    Lord Ellenborough’s ideas on Indian policy    Kathleen I GARRETT    Dr Morrell
1936    MA    London    British public opinion regarding Indian policy at the time of the mutiny    Jessie HOLMES    Dr Morrell
1936    PhD    London, SOAS    The rise and fall of the Rohilla power in Hindustan, 1707-1774 AD    A F M K RAHMAN
1936/37    PhD    Edinburgh    Indian foreign trade, 1900-1931, and its economic background: a study    W B RAGHAVIAH
1937    PhD    Cambridge, Gonville    The national income of British India, 1931-1932    V K R V RAO
1937    PhD    London, LSE    Culture change in South-Western India    A AIYAPPAN
1937    PhD    London, UC    Banks and industrial finance in India    R BAGCHI
1937    PhD    London    Development of social and political ideas in Bengal, 1858-1884    B C BHATTACHARYA    Prof Dodwell
1937    MSc    Leeds    An interpretation of the distribution of the population within the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh    Nora Y BOYDELL
1937    PhD    London, LSE    Rise and growth of Indian liberalism    M A BUCH
1937    PhD    London, LSE    Industrial finance and management in India    N DAS
1937    MSc    London, LSE    The effect of the breakdown of the international gold standard on India    R DORAISWAMY
1937    PhD    London, LSE    The problem of rural indebtedness in Indian economic life    B G GHATE
1937    MSc    London, LSE    Indian coal trade    J GUHATHAKURTA
1937    PhD    London SOAS    Reorganisation of the Punjab government (1847-1857)    R C LAI

1937   PhD   London, External   An economic and regional geography of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh   S M T RIZVI
1937   PhD   Wales   Purposes and methods of recording and accounting as applied to agriculture, with special reference to provision and use of economic data relating to agriculture in India   Arjan SINGH
1938   PhD   London, SOAS   The relations between Oudh and the East India Company from 1785-1801   P BASU
1938   PhD   London, SOAS   East India Company’s relations with Assam, 1771-1826   S K BHUYAN
1938   PhD   London, LSE   Discretionary powers in the Indian Government with special reference to district administration   B CHAND
1938   MA   London, SOAS   The British conquest of Sind   K A CHISHTI
1938   PhD   Cambridge, Christ’s   The working of the Bengal legislative council under the Government of India Act, 1919   J G DRUMMOND
1938   MA   London   British relations with the Sikhs and Afghans, July 1823 to March 1840   E R KAPADIA
1938   PhD   London, SOAS   The East India interest and the British government, 1784-1833   C H PHILIPS
1938   PhD   London, LSE   The position of the Viceroy and Governor General of India   A RUDRA
1938   MA   London   British relations with the Sikhs and Afghans, July 1823 to March 1840   Charles WADE
1938/39   PhD   Edinburgh   Agricultural geography of the United Provinces   B N MUKERJI
1939   PhD   London, LSE   Industrial development of Mysore   R BALAKRISHNA
1939   MA   London, LSE   A general geographical account of the North West Frontier Province of India   M A K DURRANI
1939   PhD   Wales   The international production and exchange of rice with special reference to the production, market demand and consumption of rice in India and Burma   Ahmas KHAN
1939   BLitt   Oxford, St Cath’s Soc   The Governor-Generalship of Sir John Shore, 1793-1798   A W MAHMOOD
1939   PhD   London, LSE   Indian provincial finance (1919-1937) with special reference to the United Provinces   B R MISRA
1940   PhD   London, LSE   Recent economic depression in India with reference to agriculture and rural life   R K BHAN
1940   PhD   Wales   The future of agricultural cooperation in the United Provinces (with an examination of the cooperative experience)with special reference to the problems of agricultural cooperation in the United Provinces, India   H R CHATURVEDI
1940   PhD   London, LSE   An administrative study of the development of the civil service in India during the Company’s regime   A K GHOSAL
1940   PhD   Wales   The production, marketing and consumption of the chief oilseeds in India and the supply and use of oilseeds in the United Kingdom   A S KHAN
1940   PhD   Wales   Principles of agricultural planning with reference to relationships of natural resources, populations and dietaries in India and with further reference to rural development in certain provinces of India   Jaswant SINGH
1941   PhD   London, LSE   Financing of local authorities in British India   A N BANERJI
1941   PhD   London   The political and cultural history of the Punjab including the North West Frontier Province in its earliest period   L CHANDRA   Prof Barnett
1941   PhD   London, LSE   Capital development of India, 1860-1913   A KRISHNASAWMI
1941   PhD   London, LSE   Influence of European political doctrines upon the evolution of the Indian governmental institutions and practice, 1858-1938   G PRASAD
1942   MLitt   Cambridge, Fitzwilliam   Economic and political relations of India with Iran and Afghanistan since 1900   T BASU
1942   PhD   Edinburgh   A study of missionary policy and methods in Bengal from 1793 to 1905   W B S DAVIS   Prof Watt; Prof Buleigh
1943   PhD   London, LSE   Development of large scale industries in India and their localisation   N S SASTRI
1944   BLitt   Oxford, St Cath’s   Communal representation and Indian self-government   I J BAHADOORSINGH
1944   MA   London, External   The physiographic evolution of Ceylon   K KULARATNAM
1946   MA   London, SOAS   The origins and development to 1892 of the Indian National Congress   Iris M JONES
1947   PhD   London, LSE   The agricultural geography of Bihar   P DAYAL
1947   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   Consumer expenditure in India, 1931/32 to 1940/41   R L DESAI
1947   MA   London, LSE   Power resources and utilisation in the United Provinces   P K DUTT
1947   PhD   London, LSE   Cultural change with special reference to the hill tribes of Burma and Assam   Edmund Ronald LEACH
1947   PhD   London, SOAS   The judicial administration of the East India Company in Bengal, 1765-1982   B B MISRA
1947   PhD   London, LSE   The monetary policy of the Reserve Bank of India with special reference to the structural and institutional factors in the economy   K N RAJ
1948   PhD   Wales   The principles and practice of health insurance as applied to India   J AGRAWALA
1948   MSc   London, LSE   International monetary policy since 1919 with special reference to India   D C GHOSE
1948   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   British policy on the North East Frontier of India, 1826-1886   S GUPTA
1948   DPhil   Oxford, St Cath’s   Local self-government in the Madras Presidency, 1850-1919   K K PILLAY
1948   PhD   London, LSE   The problem of the standards of the Indian currency   A SADEQUE
1948   DPhil   Oxford, Exeter   The social function of religion in a south India community   Mysore Narasimhashar SRINIVAS
1948   BLitt   Oxford, St Cath’s Society   Some aspects of agricultural marketing in India with reference to developments in western marketing systems   R S SRIVASTAVA
1948   PhD   London,. SOAS   Muslims in India: a political analysis (from 1885-906)   Rafiq ZAKARIA
1949   PhD   London, LSE   Settlements in the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh   E AHMAD
1949   PhD   London, SOAS   The growth of self-government in Assam, 1984-1919   A K BARKAKOTY
1949   PhD   London, SOAS   British administration in Assam (1825-1845)with special reference to the hill tribes on the frontier   H BARPUJARI
1949   MA   London   An enquiry into the development of training of teachers in the Punjab during the British period   Aquila B BERLAS
1949   PhD   London, LSE   The problem of federation in India with special reference to economic relations   J N BHAN
1949   PhD   London, LSE   A study of methods of national income measurements with special reference to the problems of India   V K CHOPRA
1949   PhD   London, LSE   An analysis of the Indian price structure from 1861   A K GHOSH
1949   DPhil   Oxford, Keble   The achievement of Christian missionaries in India, 1794-1833   Kenneth INGHAM
1949   PhD   Wales   The organization and methods of agricultural cooperation in the British Isles and the possibility of their application in the Central Province of India   N Y KHER
1949   PhD   London, LSE   Industrial geography of Bihar   S A MAJID
1949   PhD   London, LSE   Development of Indian public finance during the war, April 1939-March 1946   S MISRA
1949   PhD   London, LSE   A study of the methods of state regulation of wages with special reference to their possible applications in India   S B L NIGAM
1949   PhD   London, SOAS   The development of marriage in ancient India   B C PAUL
1949   PhD   St Andrews   The social and administrative reforms of Lord William Bentinck   G SEED
1950   PhD   London, LSE   Jails and borstals with special reference to West Bengal   B BHATTACHARYYA   Dr Mannheim
1950   PhD   London   The growth of local self-government in Assam, 1874-1919   A K BORKAKOTY   Prof C R Philips; Prof Hall
1950   DPhil   Oxford, Lady Margaret Hall   The problem of the Indian immigrant in British colonial policy after 1834   I Mary CUMPSTON
1950   PhD   London, LSE   Underemployment and industrialisation: a study of the basic problems with special reference to India   B DATTA
1950   PhD   London, UC   The agriculture of Mysore   G K GHORI
1950   PhD   London, SOAS   The influence of western, particularly English, political ideas on Indian political thought, with special reference to the political ideas of the Indian National Congress, 1885-1919   Sailesh C GHOSH
1950   PhD   London, LSE   Principles of unemployment insurance and assistance with special reference to their application to India   D GUPTA
1950   PhD   Newcastle   Anglo-Afghan relations, 1798-1878, with particular reference to British policy in Central Asia and on the North West Frontier of India   M KHAN
1950   PhD   London, LSE   The social consequences of imperialism with special reference to Ceylon   P R PIERIS
1950   PhD   London, LSE   An experiment in the estimation of national income and the in the construction of social accounts of India, 1945-1946   D N SAXENA   Mr Booker
1950   PhD   London, SOAS   The relations between the home and Indian governments, 1858-1870   Zahinuddin Husain ZOBERI
1951   PhD   London, External   Memoir of the geology and mineral resources of the neighbourhood of Bentong, Pahang and adjoining portions of Selangor and Negri Sembilan, incorporating an account of the prospecting and mining activities of the Bentong District   J B ALEXANDER
1951   BLitt   Oxford, Exeter   The political organization of the plains Indians   Frederick George BAILEY
1951   BLitt   Oxford, Corpus   Southern India under Wellesley, 1798-1805   A S BENNELL   Mr C C Davies
1951   PhD   London, LSE   Problems of the Indian foreign exchanges since 1927   D GHOSH
1951   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   The Viceroyalty of Lord Ripon, 1880-1884   S GOPAL   Mr R C Davies
1951   MA   Wales   The problem of the Straits, 1896-1936   E W GRIFFITHS
1951   PhD   London, LSE   Sources of Indian official statistics relating to production   O P GUPTA   Dr Rhodes
1951   MA   Manchester   The administration and financial control of municipalities and district boards in the UP   N K KATHIA
1951   PhD   Glasgow   The legal and constitutional implications of the evolution of Indian independence   R KEMAL
1951   PhD   Cambridge, Jesus   An analysis of the Hindu caste system in its interactions with the total social structure in certain parts of the Malabar coast   E J MILLER   Prof Hutton
1951   PhD   Cambridge, Girton   Changes in matrilineal kinship on th Malabar coast   E K MILLER   Prof Hutton
1951   PhD   Bristol   Agriculture and horticulture in India – sundry papers   K C NAIK
1951   MA   Manchester   An economic survey of West Pakistan   A SHARIF
1951   PhD   Cambridge   The interpretation of legislative powers under the Government of India Act, 1935   S D SHARMA
1951   BLitt   Oxford, St Cath’s Society   Religion and society among some of the tribes of Chota Nagpur   H N C STEVENSON
1951       London, SOAS   The political development of Burma during the period 1918-1935   OHN TIN
1951   PhD   London, LSE   The working of the Donoughmore constitution of Ceylon, 1931-1947: a study of a colonial central government by executive committees   Irripitwebadalge don Samaradasa WEERAWARDANA   Mr W H Morris-Jones
1952   PhD   London SOAS   The career of Mir Jafar Khan, 1757-1765 AD   Raya ATULA-CHANDRA   Prof C H Philips
1952   PhD   London, LSE   The development of Calcutta: a study in urban geography   M GUHA   Prof L D Stamp; Prof O H K Spate
1952   PhD   London, LSE   The East India Company’s land policy and management in Bengal from 1698 to 1784   Mazharul HUQ   Dr Anstey
1952   MA   Leeds   The social accounts relating to Ceylon   E L P JAYTILAKA
1952   MSc   London, LSE   Rural industries in India: a study in rural economic development with special reference to Madras   C K KAUSUKUTTY   Dr Anstey
1952   MSc   London, LSE   India’s balance of international payments with special reference to her food and agricultural conditions   G B KULKARNI   Dr Anstey; Dr Raeburn
1952   PhD   Cambridge   Utilitarian influence and the formation of Indian policy, 1820-1840   E T STOKES
1952   PhD   London, SOAS   Local government in India and Burma, 1908-1937: a comparative study of the evolution and working of local authorities in Bombay, the United Provinces and Burma   Hugh R TINKER   Prof Hall
1953   PhD   London, LSE   Economic geography of East Pakistan   N AHMAD   Prof Stamp
1953   MSc   London, UC   the changing pattern of India’s foreign trade, with special reference to the impact of large scale industrial development since 1919   A ALAGAPPAN
1953   PhD   London, SOAS   The East India Company and the economy of Bengal from 1704 to 1740   Sukumar BHATTACHARYYA   Prof C H Philips
1953   MA   Wales   National income of Pakistan for the year 1948-49   Z ul H CHAUDRI
1953   MLitt   Cambridge, Fitzwilliam   The influence of Western thought on social, educational, political and cultural development of India, 1818-1840   V DATTA   Dr T G P Spear
1953   MSc   Belfast   The growth of trade unions in India   S DAYAL
1953   PhD   London   The establishment of Dutch power in Ceylon, 1638-1658    K W GOONEWARDENA   Prof Hall
1953   PhD   London, LSE   The submontane region of North West Pakistan: a geographical study of its economic development   Maryam KARAM-ELAHI   Prof Buchanan; Prof Stamp
1953   PhD   London, LSE   A study of rhe measurement of national product and its distribution, with special reference to Pakistan   A H KHANDKER
1953   PhD   Edinburgh   A regional study of survival, mortality and disease in British India in relation to the geographic factors, 1921-1940   A T A LEARMONTH
1953   PhD   London, SOAS   Development of the Muslims of Bengal and Bihar, 1819-1856, with special reference to their education   A R MAALICK   Prof Philips
1953   DPhil   Oxford, Jesus   The study of the economy of self-subsisting rural communities: the methods of investigation, economic conditions and economic relations, with specific reference to India   P K MUKHOPADHYAY
1953   PhD   London, LSE   The relationship of land tenure to the economic modernization of Uttar Pradesh   W C NEALE
1953   PhD   London, Bedford   Social status of women during the past fifty years (1900=1950)   T N PATEL   Mrs B Wootton
1953   PhD   London, LSE   The state in relation to trade unions and trade disputes in India   Anand PRAKASH   Mr W H Morris-Jones; Mr Roberts
1953   MA   London, SOAS   The tribal village in Bihar   SACHCHIDANANDA   Prof C Haimendorf
1953   PhD   London, UC   Delegated legislation in India   V N SHULKA   Prof Keeton
1953   PhD   London, SOAS   The internal policy of the Indian government, 1885-1898   H L SINGH   Prof C H Philips
1953   PhD   London, SOAS   The internal policy of Lord Auckland in British India, 1836-1842, with special reference to education   D P SINHA   Prof C H Philips
1953/54   MA   Leeds   Demand for certain exports of Ceylon   K THARMARATNAM
1954   MA   London   The administration of Sir Henry Ward,Governor of Ceylon, 1855-1860   S V BALASINGHAM   Prof Graham
1954   PhD   London, SOAS   Social policy and social change in Western India, 1817-1830   Kenneth A BALLHATCHET   Prof C H Philips
1954   Dphil   Oxford, St Hilda’s   Lord William Bentinck in Bengal, 1828-1835   C E BARRETT   Dr C C Davies
1954   MA   London   A historical survey of the training of teachers in Bengal in the 19th and 20th centuries   S BHATTACHARYA
1954   MA   London, SOAS   Evolution of representative government in India, 1884-1909   Sasadhar CHAKRAVARTY   Prof C H Philips

1954    PhD    London, LSE    Consumption levels in India    T P CHAUDHURI
1954    PhD    London, LSE    The forests of Assam: a study in economic geography    H DAS
1954    MSc    Leeds    A study of price fixing for agricultural products with special reference to milk in Great Britain and Bombay    N K DESAI
1954    BLitt    St Andrews    Eldred Pottinger and the North West Frontier, 1838-1842    D W F GOURLAY    Sir C Ogilvie
1954    PhD    London, LSE    The Korean crisis and the Indian Union    K GUPTA
1954    MA    Manchester    Some aspects of the development of Pakistan’s financial structure    M HOSSAIN
1954    MSc    London, LSE    Financing economic development in Ceylon    A T JAYAKODDY    Prof Paish; Dr Anstey
1954    PhD    London, LSE    Measurement of profits: a study of methods with special reference to India    R K NIGAM
1954    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    A study of communal representation in constitutional systems of the British Commonwealth with specific reference to Ceylon, Kenya and Fiji    Carl Gustav ROSBERG    Mr K E Robinson
1954    PhD    London, LSE    Land utilization in Eastern Uttar Pradesh (comprising the districts of Jaunpur, Banares, Guezipur, Azamgarh and Baldea)    M SHAFI    Prof Stamp; Mr R R Rawson
1954    PhD    London, LSE    Representation and representative government in the Indian Republic    Irene C TINKER    Mr W H Morris-Jones
1954    PhD    London, SOAS    Trade and finance in the Bengal Presidency, 1793-1833    Amales TRIPATHY    Prof C H Phillips
1954    PhD    London, LSE    Some aspects of the history of the coffee industry in Ceylon with specific reference to 1823-1885    I H VAN DEN DRIESEN    Mr Fisher
1954    PhD    London, LSE    The Manning constitution of Ceylon, 1924-1931    Alfred Jeyaretnam WILSON    Mr R Bassett; Mr W H Morris-Jones
1955    MSC    London, LSE    Some aspects of the history of British investments in the private sector of the Indian economy, 1876-1914    N Z AHMED    Dr Ashworth; F J Fisher
1955    PhD    Manchester    The social organisation of a village on the Hindu frontier of Orissa    Frederick George BAILEY
1955    LLM    London, LSE    Recognition and enforcement of foreign judgements in India: a comparative study    B N BANERJEE
1955    PhD    London    The administration of criminal justice in Bengal from 1773 to 1861    T K BANERJEE    S A de Smith; Prof A Gledhill
1955    MA    London    The East India Company in Madras, 1707-1744    R N BANERJI
1955    PhD    London    The factory of the English East India Company at bantam, 1602-1682    D K BASSETT    Prof D G E Hall
1955    PhD    London, LSSE    Pressure of population on land in India: a regional approach    B S BHIR
1955    MA    London, SOAS    The economic policy of the Government of India, 1898-1905    Edna BONNER    Prof C R Philips
1955    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The educational policy of the East India Company, 1781-1854    J G BOWEN    Mr C C Davies
1955    BLitt    Oxford, Magdalen    Indian labour migration to Malaya, 1867-1910    D A CALMAN    Dr A F Madden
1955    PhD    London, LSE    Consumption levels in India    T P CHOUDHURY
1955    PhD    London, LSE    The Malay family in Singapore    J DJAMOUR
1955    PhD    Edinburgh    The abolition of the East India Company’s monopoly, 1833    D EYLES    Prof Pares
1955    MLitt    Cambridge. Fitzwilliam House    The mongoloids and their contributions to the growth of Assamese culture    M C GOSWAMI    Dr J E Lindgren
1955    PhD    London, SOAS    The administration of the Delhi Territory, 1803-1832    Jessie HOLMES    Prof C H Philips
1955    MSc (Econ)    London, LSE    Taxation and saving in India    D JHA
1955    MSc    London, LSE    A comparison of the federal aspects of the Government of India Act, 1935, and the constitution of 1950    S KHAN
1955    MA    London, SOAS    Some aspects of the social history of Bengal with special reference to the Muslims, 1854-1884    L KHATOON    Prof Philips
1955    PhD    Aberdeen    Ports of the Indian ocean: an historical geography    W KIRK    A C O’Dell
1955    PhD    Cambridge, Peterhouse    British investment in Indian guaranteed railways, 1845-1875    W J MACPHERSON    Mr K E Berrill
1955    PhD    London, UC    Fundamental freedoms, with particular reference to the Indian constitution    J C MEHDI    Prof G W Keeton
1955    PhD    Birmingham    The educational ideas of Mahatma Gandhi    N P PILLAI
1955    MA    Manchester    Cottage industries in Bihar    S B SAXENA
1955    PhD    London, LSE    The Indian jute industry: a study of agricultural geography    P SENGUPTA
1955    PhD    London, LSE    The political philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi in relation to the English liberal tradition    Bishan Sarup SHARMA
1955    LLM    London, SOAS    Distribution of legislative power under the India constitution    R P SHARMA
1955    PhD    London , SOAS    The Council of India, 1858-1919    S SINGH    Prof C H Philips
1955    PhD    London LSE    The origin and development of left wing movements and ideas in India, 1919-1947    Lalan Prasad SINHA    R Mikband; W H Morris-Jones
1955    PhD    London; SOAS    British interest in trans-Burma trade routes to China, 1826-1876    Ma THAUNG
1955    MA    London    The training of teachers in the Bombay Presidency during the British period: a historical survey    N L VAIDYA
1955    PhD    Edinburgh    Save there, eat here: a cultural study of labour migration from a Pakhtun village    Francis Philip WATKINS
1955    PhD    London, LSE    The southeast quadrant of Ceylon: a study of the geographical aspects of land use    W A R WIKKRAMATILEKE
1956    PhD    London, SOAS    The Dutch power in Ceylon, 1658-1687    S ARASARATNAM    Prof D Hall
1956    PhD    London, LSE    Land use and soil erosion problems of Bist Jullundur Doab, Punjab, India    O P BHARDWAJA
1956    PhD    London, SOAS    British rule in Assam, 1845-1858    B CHAUDHURI    Prof C R Philips
1956    PhD    London, SOAS    Sir Josiah Child and the East India Company at the end of the 17th century    A L CROWE    Prof C Philips
1956    MSc    London, LSE    Scope and method of agricultural economic surveys in India    N Y Z FARUQI    Dr Raeburn
1956    PhD    London, LSE    A study of capital taxation and its scope in India    I S GULATI
1956    PhD    London, LSE    An analysis of the monetary experience of Ceylon    H A de S GUNASEKERA    Prof Sayers; Mr Wilson
1956    PhD    London, LSE    Federal finance and economic development with special reference to Pakistan    M HOSSAIN
1956    PhD    London, LSE    The demand for Indian exports and imports: an econometric study of selected commodities    A K MUKERJI    Prof Allen; Dr Norton
1956    PhD    London, LSE    Capital development in India with special reference to recent trends in investments    Dinanath Kashinath RANGNEKAR    Prof Paish; Dr Anstey
1956    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    A study of India’s balance of payments, 1901-1913 and 1924-1936    B S RAO    Prof E A G Robinson
1956    MA    London, SOAS    The relations between the Indian central and provincial governments with special reference to the Presidencies of Madras and Bombay, 1858-1882    D N SINGH    Prof C H Philips
1957    MA    Birmingham    An examination in disposal and treatment of juvenile delinquents in Bombay State in relation to practice in England    A D ATTAR
1957    MA    London    The development and reconstruction of university education in Pakistan since 1854    S M A AZIZ
1957    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Social organisation of the Jaffna Tamils of North Ceylon with special reference to kinship, marriage and inheritance    M Y BANKS    Mr E R Leach
1957    PhD    London, LSE    West Midnapore: a study of land use    S C CHAKRABORTI
1957    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s    The place of agricultural development in India’s first two Five-Year Plans    A CORREIA-AFONSO
1957    PhD    London, SOAS    Studies in the economic and social development of Inida, 1848-1856    M N DAS    Prof C Philips
1957    MA    London, LSE    The population of Chota Nagpur    H P DEVI    Prof L D Stamp
1957    MSc    London, LSE    Small scale and cottage industries as a means of providing better opportunities for labour in India    Q H FAROOQUEE    Prof A Plant; Mr Foldes
1957    PhD    London, LSE    Fiscal policy and inflation in post-war India, 1945-1954    K V G GOWDA
1957    DPhil    Oxford    Anglo Sikh relations, 1799-1849    B J HASRAT    C C Davies
1957    MLitt    Cambridge, Girton    Indian constitutional development, 1927-1935    M B HASSEN    Dr T G P Spear
1957    PhD    London, LSE    The commitee system in British and Indian local authorities    C JHA    Prof W A Robbins
1957    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    The development of money and banking in Ceylon    J B KELEGAMA
1957    PhD    London, LSE    The civil service in independent India: the All India and Union Civil Services    B S KHANNA    Prof W A Robson
1957    PhD    London, LSE    Urbanization in West Pakistan    K KURESHY
1957    PhD    London, LSE    Hinduism and economic growth: a study of the nature of the impact of Hinduism on India’s economic growth with special emphasis on theperiod since the mid 18th century    B B MISHRA    Dr Anstey
1957    PhD    London, External    Large scale sampling surveys in agriculture in the Punjab (Pakistan)    D M QURESHI
1957    PhD    London, SOAS    British land policy in Oudh    j RAJ    Prof C H Philips
1957    DPhil    Oxford    The Dutch in Coromandel, 1605-1690    Tapan RAYCHAUDHURI
1957    PhD    London, LSE    Geomorphological evolution of the highaland of Chota Nagpur and the adjoining districts of Bihar    R P SINGH
1957    PhD    London, LSE    Credit problems of small farmers in Ceylon    Wijetunga Mudianselagadera TILAKARATNA    Mr A D Knox
1957    PhD    London    The urban geography of Agra    A R TIWARI    Prof A E Smailes
1957/58    PhD    London, SOAS    The life and career of Jonathan Duncan, 1756-1795    V NARAIN
1957/58    PhD    Manchester    A comparative study of informal relationships in a Chinese village in Malaya and north India    W H NEWELL
1957/58    PhD    Manchester    The history of the Arghuns and Tarkhans of Sind    M H SIDDIQI
1957/58    PhD    Manchester    An analysis of the demand for, and the supply of, food in India    R P SINHA
1958    MA    London, Inst Ed    The missionary activities of the CMS and CZEMS in Kashmir during the second half of the 19th century    S Z AHMED SAH    Prof J A Lauwerys
1958    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    The political organisation of the Swat Pathans    T F W BARTH    Mr E R Leach
1958    MA    London, Inst Ed    A historical survey of the languages problem in Bengal from the Muslim period to the end of the British period    K BHATTACHARYYA
1958    MSc    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    The financing of planned economic development in India    S R DATTA GUPTA    Dr A R Prest
1958    MA    London, LSE    Sociology of marriage rituals in India: a study of Sanskritisation and de-Sanskritisation    B DATTAGUPTA
1958    MSc    Londond, LSE    Some aspects of Indo-British trade during the 20th century with special reference to capital goods    V P DHITAL
1958    MA    London, SOAS    The political system of the Rajputs    Sylvia J DUTRA    Dr Bauley; Prof C von Furer-Haimendorf
1958    MSc    London, LSE    The economics of the tea industry in Ceylon    J M F G FERNANDO    Dr V Anstey
1958    PhD    London    The development of the Indian National Congress, 1892-1909    Pansy C GHOSH    Dr K Balhatchet
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Inflation in India, 1939-1952: a study of inflation in an underdeveloped economy    S K GHOSH    Dr Anstey; Mr Day
1958    PhD    London,SOAS    The internal administration of Lord Lytton, with special reference to social and economic policy, 1876-1880    L M GUJRAL
1958    MLitt    Cambridge, King’s    Sir Richard Jenkins and the Residency at Nagpur, 1807-1818    F A HAGAR    Dr T G P Spear
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Agrarian problems in Bihar based, primarily, on surveys in five villages    F Tomasson JANNUZI    Dr V Anstey
1958    BLitt    Oxford, Campion Hall    An economic and historical study of food grain controls in India during the second world war and after    S C JOSEPH
1958    MSc    London, LSE    Union-state administrative cooperation in India (1937-1952)    M KAMAL    Prof W A Robson
1958    MSc    London, LSE    Problems of the agricultural labourers in India    R P KAMAT
1958    MSc    Cambridge, Newnham    The employment problem in Ceylon    I KANNANGARA    Mrs J V Robinson
1958    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    The commercial and diplomatic relations between India and Tibet in the nineteenth century    H A LAMB    Dr V W W S Purcell
1958    PhD    Cambridge, St Catharine’s    The Dutch East India Company and Mysore, 1762-1790    J van LOHUIZEN    Dr T G P Spear
1958    MA    London, LSE    Social and economic geography of the Mathura District (western Uttar Pradash)    S D MISRA    Mr R R Rawson
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Economics of nutritional problems in India    R N MITRA    Dr Raeburn
1958    PhD    Cambridge, Peterhouse    The analysis of Kandyan marriage: landlords, labourers and aristocrats    OSMAN YALMAN NUR
1958    PhD    London, SOAS    Sir Elijah Impey in India, 1774-1783    Bishwa Nath PANDEY    Prof C H Philips
1958    MA    London, LSE    A geography of the Peshawar region    M Z SAHIBZADA
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Indian monetary policy and debt management since 1939    J C D SETHI    Dr V Anstey; Mr R Turvey
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Strategic aspects of India’s foreign policy    V B L SHARMA
1958    BLitt    Oxford, St Antony’s    The rise and growth of the Praja Socialist Party of India (1934-1935)    H K SINGH    Mr F G Carnell
1958    PhD    London, LSE    Allahabad: a study in urban geography    Ujaqir SINGH    Prof D L Stamp

1958 PhD London, SOAS Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas Romila THAPAR Prof A.L.Basham [viz., note from Prof Thapar dated 4 March 2016]

1958    MA    London, SOAS    History of the development of Rangoon    TUN THET    Prof Hall
1958    PhD    London, LSE    India’s membership of the sterling area    Jai Dev VARMA
1958    PhD    Cambridge    The present situation and the probably future of cotton in West Pakistan’s economy    S B WHITEHILL
1958    PhD    Edinburgh    The economic geography of Madhya Pradesh (formerly Central Provinces and Behar)    R H ZAIDI
1959    MSc(Econ)    London, LSE    The industrial worker in East Pakistan: a study in the adaptation of an industrial labour force    A K AHMADULLAH    Prof Phelps
1959    MA    Manchester    The recruitment of Indians into the covenanted civil service, 1853-1892    M R ANWAR
1959    PhD    Manchester    Britain and Muslim India: a study of British public opinion vis-a-vis the development of Muslim nationalism in India, 1905-1947    K K AZIZ
1959    MSc    London, LSE    Problems in corporation taxation with special reference to India    M P BHATT    Mr Turvey
1959    PhD    London, LSE    Applications of linear programming to the development plans of India    B BHATTACHARYYA
1959    MA    London    Trincocmalee and the East Indies Squadron, 1746-1844    H A COLGATE    Prof Graham
1959    PhD    London, LSE    Economic development of Assam with special reference to the 20th century    P GOSWAMI    Dr Anstey
1959    PhD    London    The nationalist movement in Ceylon betweem 1910 and 1931, with special reference to communal and elective problems    D K GREENSTREET    Dr Miliband
1959    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s    Land tenure in the Kandyan provinces of Ceylon    U A GUNASEKERA    Dr D F Pocock
1959    BLitt    Oxford, St Anne’s    The analysis of external trade and economic structure of Ceylon, 1900-1955    O E B GUNEWARDENA    Miss P H Ady
1959    PhD    London, LSE    Some problems of the organisation and administration of public enterprise with special reference to India    L N GUPTA    Prof Robson; Dr Anstey
1959    PhD    Edinburgh    The collection of agricultural statistics and the use of data in the United Kingdom and Pakistan: an objective study to explore possibilities of improvement in Pakistan    Muhammed Altaf HUSSAIN
1959    MA    London, SOAS    Social and administrative policy of the Government of Bengal, 1877-1890    Rokeya KABEER    Prof Basham
1959    PhD    London, External    Industrial relations in India    C B KUMAR
1959    PhD    London, LSE    Some aspects of the problem of implementing agricultural planning in India    Gouri NAG    Mr Knox; Mr Lancaster
1959    PhD    Edinburgh    Early English travellers in India. A study in the travel literature of the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods with particular reference to India    R C PRASAD    Prof W L Renwick; Mr G A Shepperson
1959    PhD    London, LSE    Judicial review in India: a study in constitutional theory and judicial practice    V R RAVIKANTI    Mr S de Smith
1959    MA    London, LSE    The position of women in Hinayana Buddhist countries (Burma, Ceylon, Thailand)    S SEIN    Mr F Freedman
1959    PhD    London , LSE    British opinion and Indian neutralism: an analysis of India’s foreign policy in the light of British public reactions, 1947-1957    Shri Ram SHARMA    Prof Manning
1959/60    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    The cottage industries of India: an enquiry into their economics with special reference to developmental planning    Kedarnath PRASAD
1959/60    PhD    Cambridge, Queen’s    The role of transport and foreign trade in the economic development of Burma under British rule, 1885-1914    Maung SHEIN
1959/60    PhD    London, External    North east Baluchistan, Quetta Division: a critical evaluation of the land and its resources    A H SIDDIQI
1959/60    MA    Manchester    An analysis of the principal factors affecting India’s policy toward her Himalayan border    J TOOMRE
1960    PhD    London, SOAS    Some aspects of the history of the Muslim community in Bengal, 1884-1912    Sufia AHMED    Prof C H Philips
1960    MA    London    Aspects of the economic development of the Assam valley, 1858-1884    A C BARUA    Dr K Ballhatchet
1960    PhD    Cambridge    Thomas Munro and the development of administrative policy in Madras, 1791-1818: the origins of “the Munro system”    T H BEAGLEHOLE    Dr K Ballhatchet
1960    PhD    London, LSE    Measurements of production and productivity in Indian industry with special reference to methodological aspects    G C BERI
1960    PhD    London, SOAS    The state and the cooperative movement in the Bombay Presidency, 1880-1930    I J CATANACH    Dr K Ballhatchet
1960    PhD    London, LSE    The centrally recruited services in Pakistan    M A CHAUDHURI    Prof P Robson
1960    DPhil    Oxford, Lincoln    Portuguese society in India in the sixteenth and seveteenth centuries    K J CROWTHER
1960    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    Cottage industries of Ceylon    H D DIAS    Mr B H Farmer
1960    MSc (Econ)    London    Someproblems of agriculture in the Vale of Peshawar (West Pakistan)    Lloyd Suttor EDMONDS
1960    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    Malabar in Asian trade, 1740-1800    Asin Ranjan Das GUPTA

1960   MA   Wales, Swansea   Indian international transactions 1948 to 1958   C GURUPRASAD
1960   PhD   London, SOAS   British policy on the North West Frontier Province of India, 1889-1901   L HARRIS   Prof K Ballhatchet
1960   PhD   London, External   Agricultural geography of East Pakistan   B L C JOHNSON
1960   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   The Indian National Congress, 1918-1923   G KKRISHNA   Dr G F Hudson
1960   PhD   London   The growth of the idea of Commonwealth in India. 1900-1929   S R MEHROTRA   Prof Philips
1960   PhD   London   The Burma-China boundary since 1886   Khin Maung NYUNT
1960   PhD   London, Birkbeck   Colombo: a study in urban geography   D B L PANDITARATNA   Prof A L Basham
1960   PhD   London, LSE   The law and the banker in Ceylon   M J L RAJANAYAGAM   Prof Gower
1960   PhD   London, LSE   Land reforms and some allied agrarian problems in Madras State since independence   Arungiri RAMASWAMI
1960   PhD   London LSE   Economic aspects of the sugar industry in India   Saraswathi RAU   Dr Raeburn
1960   PhD   London, LSE   Industrial injuries schemes in India and Britain: a comparative study   B RAYCHAUDHURI
1960   MSc   London, LSE   Wage boards in British and the application of their proceedings in India   C J N SAXENA   Prof Phelps Brown
1960   PhD   London, LSE   Recent changes in land use in the Upper Damodar Basin, India   A SHARAN   Mr Rawson
1960   PhD   London, SOAS   English relations with Haidar Ali, 1760-1782   B SHEIK ALI
1960   MA   London, Inst Ed   A comparative study of the language problem at the university level in India   R K YADAVA
1960   PhD   London, SOAS   Anglo-Chinese diplomacy regarding Burma, 1885-1897   Nancy Iu YAN-KIT
1960/61   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   Surplus manpower in agriculture and economic development with special reference to India   P S SANGHVI   Dr M R Fisher
1960/61   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   A critique of surplus labour doctrine as applied to the Pakistan in 1947-1957   Rehana TANWIR
1961   PhD   London   Constitutional and political aspects of the public corporation in Britain and India   R S ARORA
1961   BLitt   Oxford, Exeter   Some aspects of change in the structure of the Muslim family in the Punjab under British rule   T ASAD   Dr D F Pocock
1961   PhD   London, SOAS   The structure and organisatioin of the Bengal Native Infantry with special reference to the problems of discipline (1796-1852)   Amiya BARAT   Dr K Ballhatchet
1961   PhD   London, LSE   Howrah: an urban study   A CHATTOPADHYAY   Dr E Jones
1961   PhD   Leeds   India, Britain and Russia: a study of British opinion   V K CHAVDA   Prof Briggs
1961   DPhil   Oxford, Magdalen   Muslim politics in the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent, 1858-1916   M CHUGHTAI   Dr C C Davies
1961   DPhil   Oxford, Nuffield   Henry Dundas and the government of India, 1773-1801   B DE   Mr Davies
1961   PhD   London, SOAS   Some aspects of the development of social policy in Ceylon, 1840-1955 with special reference to the influence of missionary organisations   K M DE SILVA   Dr K Ballhatchet
1961   MSc   London   The economics, organisation and administration of the Indian paper industry   B N DHAR
1961   PhD   London   The administration of Guntur District with special reference to local influences on revenue policy, 1837-1848   Robert Eric FRYKENBERG   Dr K Ballhatchet
1961   PhD   Cambridge   Sir Richard Temple and the government of India 1868-1880: some trends in Indian administrative policy   G R G HAMBLY
1961   PhD   London, SOAS   Tribal unrest on the south-west frontier of the Bengal Presidency, 1831-1833   J C JHA
1961   MA   London, SOAS   Changing values in the Naga Hills and Manipur State   M KALABOVA   Prof C Von Furer Haimerdorf
1961   PhD   London, External   Financial administration in Ceylon since independence   V KANESALINGHAM
1961   MSc   London, LSE   Government of India policy towards Portuguese possessions in India from 1947 to 1957   R A KHAN
1961   PhD   London, SOAS   The development of nationalist ideas and tactics and the policies of the government of India   J R McLANE
1961   PhD   London, SOAS   The Kurumas of Malabar   Richard Lionel ROOKSBY
1961   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity Hall   The Ceylon economy, 1920-1938: a national accounts study   M R P SALGADO   Dr B B Das Gupta
1961   MA   London, SOAS   The social and political organisation of the Kandyan Kingdom (Ceylon)   S B W WICKREMASEKERA
1961/62   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   The growth of agricultural labour in the Madras Presidency in the nineteenth century   Dharma KUMAR   Mr J Gallagher
1962   MA   London, LSE   Population changes in West Bengal, 1872-1951   A BHATTACHARYYA   Prof Jones
1962   MA   London, Inst Ed   Policies regarding higher education in Ceylon during the 19th and 20th centuries with special reference to the establishment of the University of Ceylon   P CHANDRASEGARAM   Mr B Holmes
1962   PhD   London   The development of the English East India Company with special reference to its trade and organization, 1600-1640   K N CHAUDHURI
1962   PhD   Edinburgh   The control of public expenditure in less-developed countries with special reference to India   usha DAR
1962   PhD   London, LSE   Investment and economic growth in Ceylon   S B D DE SILVA   Prof Paish
1962   PhD   Londond, Birkbeck   The North West frontier of West Pakistan: a study in regional geography   D DICHTER   Prof East
1962   PhD   London   Social institutions in Ceylon 5th century BC to 4th century AD   H ELLAWALLA   Prof Basham; Dr de Casparia
1962   MLitt   Durham   The political ideas of Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall   P HASSAN   Prof W H Morris Jones
1962   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Some aspects of the social and political thought of Mahatma Gandhi   Raghavan Narasimhan IYER   Mr J P Plamenatz
1962   PhD   London, SOAS   Murshid Quli Khan and his times   Abdul KARIM   Mr Harrison
1962   PhD   London   Indo-Ceylon relations since independence   Shelton Upatissa KODIKARA
1962   PhD   London   The fiscal policy of the central government of India since independence and its economic effects   J MADHAB
1962   DPhil   Oxford, Wadham   The impeachment of Warren Hastings   Peter James MARSHALL   Principal of Lady Margeret Hall
1962   PhD   London, External   Social geography of Himachal Pradesh   S D MISRA
1962   PhD   London, LSE   Public administration aspects of community development in India (with special reference to Rajasthan)   D C POTTER
1962   PhD   London, LSE   The development of the Indian capital market with special reference to the managing agent system   B PRASAD   Dr Paish; Dr Anstey
1962   PhD   London, LSE   A study of productivity problems in the cotton textile industries of the UK (Lancashire) and India (Bombay and Ahmedabad) since the Second World War   S P S PRUTHI   Mr Roberts
1962   PhD   London   The political and constitutional evolution of Burma from 1923-1936   Asha RAM
1962   PhD   London, Inst Ed   Education in colonial Ceylon, being a research study on the history of education in Ceylon for the period 1796 to 1834    T R A RUBERU
1962   PhD   Edinburgh   Scottish experience in the impact of farm mechanisation on the employment and use of man labour with observatioins on possible Indian problems in this field   Kalyan Kumar SARKAR
1962   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity Hall   The emergence of Indian nationalism, 1885-1915   A SEAL   Mr J Gallagher
1962   PhD   Manchester   A comparative study of the central administrative organisation in India and in some other Commonwealth countries   S C SETH
1962   DPhil   Oxford, Nuffield   India’s export performance, 1951-1960, export prospects and policy implications   M V SINGH   Dr I M D Little
1962   PhD   Manchester   Some aspects of the administration of community projects in India   T N SRIVASTAVA
1962   PhD   London, QMC   Aspects of the urban geography of new Delhi   M P THAKORE   Prof Smailes
1962   PhD   London   Family planning in India: a field study of attitudes and behaviour in a population of Delhi compared with results of existing research in India and elsewhere   S THAPER
1962   PhD    London, SOAS   Lord Minto and the Indian nationalist movement with special reference to the political activities of the Indian Muslims, 1905-1910   S R WASTI
1962   DPhil   Oxford, New   The formation of policy in the India Office, 1858-1866, with special reference to the Political, Judicial, Revenue and Public Works Departments   D WILLIAMS   Mr C C Davies
1962/63   MA   London, Inst Ed   Education in the Roman Catholic missions in Ceylon in the second half of the 19th century (1842-1905)   C N V FERNANDO   Dr Weitzman
1962/63   PhD   London, External   Sterling tea and rubber companies in Ceylon, 1889-1958   N RAMACHANDRAN
1963   DPhil   Oxford, St Cath’s   Land systems in the Punjab (including North West Frontier Province)as affected by British rule between 1849 and 1901   R AHMAD   Mrs U K Hicks
1963   PhD   London, SOAS   The Bengali reaction to Christian missionary activities, 1833-1957   M M ALI
1963   PhD   Manchester   Economic ideas and Indian economic policies in the nineteenth century   S AMBIRAJAN
1963   PhD   London, UC   The development of the constitution of Jammu and Kashmir   A S ANAND   Mr Holland
1963   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Private investment and partial planning in India   Amiya Kumar BAGCHI
1963   PhD   London   The law of parliamentary elections in India and the United Kingdom   R K BAHL
1963   PhD   London, SOAS   British policy towards the Panjab, 1844-1849   S S BAL   Dr K Ballhatchet
1963   PhD   London   Estimates of the current and capital accounts of the balance of payments of India, 1921/22 to 1938/39, incorporating also the estimates of the government of India   A K BANERJI
1963   MS   London   The governorship of Sir William Gregory in Ceylon   B E St J BASTIAMPILLAI   Prof G S Graham
1963   PhD   Manchester   The industrial growth and technological pluralism in India with special reference to the cotton textile industry   AS BHALLA
1963   PhD   London, LSE   Financial administration of nationalised industries in UK and India   G S BHALLA
1963   MA   London, Inst Ed   A cross-cultural study of interests and attitudes of British and Indian university students   J K BHATNAGAR
1963   MSc   London, LSE   American attitudes towards foreign aid with special reference to the Indian sub continent   E I BRODKIN   Mr Chambers
1963   PhD   London, SOAS   Lord Curzon and the Indian states. 1899-1905   I A BUTT   Dr K A Ballhatchet

1963    MsC    London, UC    A comparative study of the nature and effectiveness of selective credit controls in the UK, India and Australia since 1951    J G CHAPATWALA    Dr Cramp
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    Slavery in the Bengal Presidency under East India Company rule, 1772-1843    A K CHATTOPADHYAY    Major Harrison
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    The rice industry of Burma, 1852-1940    Siok-hwa CHENG    Prof C D Cowan
1963    MA    London, Inst Ed    The effects of diarchy upon educational developments in Bengal, 1919-1953    S K DUTTA GUPTA
1963    PhD    London, LSE    Colonisation of the dry zone of Ceylon    H N C FONSECA
1963    PhD    London    British relations with Kashmir, 1885-1893    D K GHOSE    Dr K Ballhatchet
1963    PhD    Sheffield    The Marquis of Dalhousie and education in India, 1848-1956    Kamala GHOSH
1963    PhD    Manchester    The British Conservative Party and Indian problems. 1927-1935    S C GHOSH
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    British historical writing from Alexander Dow to Mountstuart Elphinstone on Muslim India    J S GREWAL    Dr Hardy
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    Indian politics and the British right, 1914-1922    M R HASSAN    Dr K Ballhatchet
1963    PhD    London, LSE    Ritual pollution and social structure in Hindu Assam    T T S HAYLEY
1963    MSc    London, LSE    English, German, Spanish relations in the Sulu question, 1987-1877    S C HUNTER
1963    PhD    London, LSE    Rainfall, rice fields and irrigation needs in West Bengal    P HUR    Mr Rawson
1963    MSc    London, LSE    Ideological influences in the foreign policy of Pakistan    A HUSSAIN    Dr Manning
1963    MA    Sheffield    The industrial geography of Madras State    Iyer Balasubramanyan HYMA
1963    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    The supply of Sinhalese labour to Ceylon plantations, 1830-1930: a study of imperial policy in a peasant society    L R U JAYAWARDENA    Mr K E Berrill
1963    PhD    London, External    Caste and class in pre-Muslim Bengal: studies in social history of Bengal    N KUNDU
1963    DPhil    Oxford, Jesus    The role and limits of state authority in northern India in the early historical period: an empirical examination of the administration of government    Ian W MABBETT    Prof T Borrow
1963    DPhil    Oxford, Lady Margaret    Lord Minto’s administration in India (1807-1813)with special reference to his foreign policy    Amita MAJUMDAR    Mr C C Davies
1963    DPhil    Oxford, St Hugh’s    Imperial policy in India, 1905-1910    V MAZUMDAR    Dr C C Davies
1963    PhD    London, LSE    The origin, development and problems of village (“community”) projects in India    Vindhyeshwari Prasad PANDE
1963    PhD    London, LSE    Constitutional protection of property in India: a critical and comparative study    P P PANDIT
1963    DPhil    Oxford, Regent’s Park    British Baptist missions and missionaries in India, 1793-1837    E D POTTS    Mr C C Davis
1963    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    Land revenue administration in the ceded and conquered provinces and its economic background, 1819-1833    Asiya SIDDIQI    Mr C C Davis
1963    MA    London, SOAS    British administration in Upper Burma, 1885-1897    Jagjit Singh SIDHU
1963    BLitt    Oxford, St Cath’s    The Jats: an ethnographic survey    Gunter TIEMANN    Dr D F Pocock
1963    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    The development and significance of transport in India (1834-1882)    K E VERGHESE    Mr C C Davies
1963    PhD    London, SOAS    Some aspects of Indian society as depicted in the Pali Canon    N K WAGLE
1963    MA    London, LSE    Magic in Malaya    W D WILDER
1963    PhD    London, UC    Basic democracies in Pakistan    M S K YOUSUFZAI    Prof Holland
1964    LlM    London, UC    The origin and nature of presidential powers in Pakistan    M ARIF    Mr Holland
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    The ideological differences between moderates and extremists in the Indian national movement with special reference to Surendranath Banerjea and Lajpat Rai, 1882-1919    D ATGOV    Prof H Tinker
1964    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The Indian Constituent Assembly and the framing of the Indian constitution    G S AUSTIN    Mr F G Carnell
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    The role of Shaikh Ahmad of Sarhind in Islam in India    M Q BAIG    Prof Basham
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    David Scott on the North East Frontier of India and in Assam    N K BAROOAH    Mr Harrison
1964    BLitt    Oxford, Somerville    An examination of marriage ritual among selected groups in South India    B E F BECK
1964    PhD    London, LSE    The mobilisation of savings and the role of financial institutions with special reference to India    M Q M S DALVI    Dr Anstey
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Producers’ rationality and technical changes in agriculture with special reference to India    S DASGUPTA    Dr Anstey; Mr Joy
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    British policy towards the Pathans and Pindaris in central India, 1805-1818    B GHOSH    Dr K Ballhatchet
1964    PhD    Cambridge. Newnham    Service centres in Southern Ceylon    K A GUNAWARDENA    Mr B H Farmer

1964 PhD London, UCL, A Comparative Study of Pakistani Bilingual and Monoglot School Children’s Performance in Verbal and Non Verbal Tests Rafia HASAN Dr Charlotte Banks (added thanks to information of Naveed Hasan Henderson, PhD London 1995, in a comment below, and confirmed by the University of London Library)

1964    PhD    London, External    An appraisal of public investment policy in India, 1951-1961    J M HEALEY
1964    PhD    London    The formation of British land revenue policy in the ceded and conquered provinces of northern India. 1801-1833    M I HUSAIN    Dr K A Ballhatchet
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Soviet Russia’s policy towards India and its effect on Anglo-Soviet relations, 1917-1928    Z IMAM    Mr Schapiro
1964    PhD    London, Wye    Efficiency in agricultural production; its meaning, measurement and improvement in peasant agriculture with special reference to Pakistan    M S ISLAM
1964    PhD    London, LSE    The urban labour movement in Ceylon with reference to political factors, 1893-1947    V K JAYAWARDENA    Prof Roberts
1964    PhD    London, External    A study of the current trends in the industrial development of Ceylon    V KANAPATHY
1964    PhD    London, LSE    The modern Muslim political elite in Bengal    Abdul Khair Nazmul KARIM
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Iron and steel prices in India since independence    S S MENSINKAI
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    Sir Charles Wood’s Indian policy, 1953-1866    R J MOORE    Prof Basham
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    Lord Northwood’s Indian administration, 1872-1876    E C MOULTON    Dr K Ballhatchet
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Some aspects of agrarian reorganizationin India with special reference to size of holding    B MUKHERJEE    D Anstey
1964    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    British commercial interests and the expansion of the Bombay Presidency, 1784-1806    P NIGHTINGALE    Dr T G P Spear
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    The rise of the Muslim middle class as a political factor in India and Pakistan    A H M NOORUZZAMAN    Prof H Tinker
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    The rev. James Long and Protestant missionary policy in Bengal, 1840-1872    G A ODDIE    Prof K Ballhatchet
1964    PhD    London, Inst Ed    Some issues between the church and state in Ceylon in the education of the people from 1870 to 1901    A RAJAINDRAN    Dr Holmes
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Rural development in India with special reference to agriculture, education and administration    K RAJARATNAM    Dr Anstey
1964    PhD    Durham    The central legislature in British India, 1921-1947    Md RASHIDUZZAMAN    Prof W H Morris-Jones
1964    PhD    London, LSE    Land tenure as related to agricultural efficiency and rural welfare in India    Paramahansa RAY    Dr Anstey; Mr Joy
1964    PhD    London    The revenue administration of Chittagong from 1761 to1784    Alamgir Muhammad SERAJUDDIN    Mr Harrison
1964    BLitt    Oxford, St Hilda’s    A study of representation in multi-lateral communities with special reference to Ceylon and Trinidad from 1946-1961    A SPACKMAN    Dr A F Madden
1964    MSc    London, LSE    Trends in the pattern of distribution of consumer goods in India    B K VADEHRA
1964    PhD    London, SOAS    British administration in the maritime provinces of Ceylon, 1796-1802    U C WICKREMERATNE    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1964    MA    Nottingham    British policy and the defence of Asia, 1903-1905: with special reference to China and India    B WILLCOCK    Dr J A S Grenville
1964/65    PhD    Manchester    Revolution and counter-revolution: a study of British colonial policy as a factor in the growth and disintegration of national liberation movements in Burma and Malaya    F NEMENZO
1964/65    PhD    Nottingham    Impact of the size of the organization on the personnel management function: a comparative study of personnel departments in some British and Indian industrial firms    B P SINGH
1965    DPhil    Oxford, New College    Life and conditions of the people of Bengal (1765-1785)    Z AHMA    Mr C C Davies
1965    PhD    London, External    The commercial progress and administrative development of the East India company on the Coromandel coast during the first half of the 18th century    R N BANERJI
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    The minorities of Southern Asia and public policy with special reference to India (mainly since 1919)    J H BEAGLEHOLE    Prof H Tinker
1965    PhD    Manchester    Urban unemployment in India    RC BHARDWAJ
1965    DPhl    Oxford, Balliol    The governor-generalship of the Marquess of Hastings, 1813-1823, with special reference to the Supreme Council and Secretariat…Palmer Company    Richard J BINGLE    Mr C C Davies
1965    MSc    London, SOAS    Ministerial government under the dyarchical reforms with special reference to Bengal and Madras    K A CHOWDHURY
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    The idea of freedom in the political thought of Vivekananda, Aurobindo, Gandhi and Tagore    D G DALTON
1965    MA    London, LSE    Irrigation and winter crops in East Pakistan    O HUQ    Mr Rawson
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    Conditions of employment and industrial disputes in Pakistan    A HUSAIN    Prof A Gledhill
1965    PhD    London, LSE    Democratic decentralization and planning in rural India    A C S ILCHMAN    Dr Anstey; Prof Self
1965    MSc    London, King’s    A social geography of Chitral State    ISRAR-UD-DIN    Prof Jones
1965    MSc (Econ)    London, LSE    Economic problems and organisation of public enterprise in Ceylon, 1931-1963    A S JAYAWARDENE    Mr Foldes
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    The rights and liabilities of the Bengal raiyats under tenancy legislation from 1885 to 1947    L KABIR
1965    MA    Manchester    The failure of parliamentary system of government in Pakistan    M A KHAN
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    Curzon, Kitchener and the problem of India army administration, 1899-1909    J E LYDGATE    Prof Robinson
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    A study of urban centres and industries in the central provinces of the Mughal Empire between 1556 and 1803    H K NAQVI    Mr Harrison
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    Sir Charles Metcalfe’s administration and administrative ideas in India, 1806-1835    D N PANIGRAHI    Prof C H Philips
1965    PhD    Birmingham    Peasant farming past and present in the wet zone of Ceylon    P D A PERERA    Prof H Thorpe; Dr W B Morgan
1965    DPhil    Oxford, Merton    Some aspects of British economic and social policy in Ceylon, 1840-1871    M W ROBERTS    Prof J A Gallagher
1965    PhD    London    The rise of business corporations in India and their development during 1851-1900    R S RUNGTA    Prof Paish; Dr V Ansty
1965    PhF    London, SOAS    The Sultanate of Jaunpur    Mian Muhhammad SAEED    Prof Basham
1965    BLitt    Oxford, Lady Margaret    Agricultural policy and economic development in India    K N V SASTRI    Mr G R Allen
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    A comparative study of the traditional political organisation of Kerala and Punjab    S J SHAHANI    Dr Mayer
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    The joint Hindiu family: its evolution as a legal institution    Gunther-Dietz SONTHEIMER    Dr Derrett
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    Nullity of marriage in modern Hindu law    S K TEWARI    Dr J D M Derrett
1965    MA    London, Inst Ed    The social and political significance of Anglo-Indian schools in India    Rosalind TIWARI    Dr King
1965    MA    Manchester    Federalism in south-East Asia with special reference to Burma    Margaret YIYI
1965    PhD    London, SOAS    The partition of Bengal and its annulment: a survey of the schemes of territorial redistribution of Bengal, 1902-1911    S Z H ZAIDI    Prof Basham
1965/66    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Economic geography of rubber production in Ceylon    G H PEIRIS    Mr B H Farmer
1965/66    PhD    Leeds    Impact of money supply on the Indian economy, 1950/51 – 1963/64    K PRASAD
1965/66    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    The structure and working of the commercial banking system in Ceylon, 1945-1963    A J A N SILVA    Miss P M Deane
1965/66    PhD    Durham    Aspects of hte administration of the Punjab, judicial, revenue and political, 1849-1858    S K SONI
1965/66    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity House    The public finances of Ceylon, 1948-1961    G USWATTE-ARATCHI    Dr A R Prest

1966 PhD Manchester University Ramgopal AGARWALA An econometric model of India, 1948-49 to 1960-61 Mr R.J. Ball

1966    PhD    London, LSE    Expenditure classification and investment planning with special reference to Pakistan    K U AHMAD    Dr Anstey
1966    PhD    London, LSE    The methodology of studying fertility differentials with reference to East Pakistan    M AHMAD    Prof Glass; Mr Carrier
1966    PhD    Bristol    The role of a higher civil service in Pakistan    A AHMED
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    Conditions of employment and industrial disputed in Pakistan    H AHMED
1966    MScEcon    London, SOAS    Political parties and the Labour Movement in India in the 1920s    N BEGAM
1966    MLitt    Edinburgh    Patronage and education in the East India Company civil service, 1800-1857    J T BEYER
1966    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Regional cooperation for development in South Asia with special reference to India and Pakistan    S R BOSE    Mr W B Reddaway
1966    PhD    London    The constitutional history of Malaya with special reference toe Malay states of Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan and Pahong, 1874-1914    P L BURNS    Prof C D Cowan
1966    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    The impact of planning upon federalism in India, 1951-1964    A CHATTERJI    Prof Sir Ivor Jennings
1966    PhD    London, UC    Industrial conciliation and arbitration in India    R L CHAUDHARY
1966    PhD    London, UC    Lahore: a geographical study    M M CHAUDHURY
1966    PhD    Manchester    The approach to planning in Pakistan    M K CHOWDHURY
1966    PhD    London, LSE    Jamshedpur – the growth of the city and its region    M DUTT    Prof Jones
1966    DPhil    Oxford, Campion Hall    The Tana Bhagats:a study in social change    P EKKA    Mr K O L Burridge
1966    PhD    London, LSE    The scope for wage policy as an instrument of planning in early stages of national economic development: a comparative study of the USSR, India and the UAR    M A ELLEISI    Prof Phelps Brown; Dr Ozga
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The social condition of the British community in Bengal, 1757-1800    S C GHOSH    Prof A L Basham
1966    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    The transfer of power to Pakistan and its consequences (1946-1951)    M HASAN    Prof N Mansergh
1966    PhD    London, UC    The Indian Supreme Court and the constitution    M IMAM    Dr D C Holland
1966    PhD    London, LSE    Cotton futures markets in India: some economic studies    T ISLAM    Prof Yamey
1966    PhD    London, LSE    The extensions of the franchise in Ceylon with some consideration of the their political and social consequences    K H JAYASINGHE    Mr Pickles
1966    MA    London, External    The control of education in Ceylon: the last fifty years of British rule and after (1900-1962)    C S V JAYAWAWEERA
1966    PhD    London, External    A comparative study of British and American colonial educational policy in Ceylon and the Philippines from 1900 to 1948]    S JAYAWEERA
1966    PhD    Manchester    Import substitution in relations to industrial growth and balance of payments iof Pakistan, 1965-1970    A H KADRI
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    Origins of Indian foreign policy: a study of Indian nationalist attitudes to foreign affairs, 1927-1939    T A KEENLEYSIDE    Prof H Tinker
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The transition in Bengal, 1756-1775: a study of Muhammad Reza Khan    Abdul Majed KHAN    Mr Harrison
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The British administration of Sind between 1843 and 1865: a study in social and economic development    Hamida KHUHRO    Mr Harrison
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The internal administration of Lord Elgin in India, 1984-1898    P L MALHOTRA    Mr Harrison
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    A study of Murshidabad Distrrict, 1765-1793    K M MOHSIN    Mr Harrison
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The new province of Eastern Bengal and Assam, 1905-1911    M K U MOLLA    Dr Hardy; Dr Pandey
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The early history of the East Indian Railways, 1845-1879    Hena MUKHERJEE    Dr Chaudhuri
1966    PhD    London, King’s    British military policy and the defence of India: a study of British military policy, plans and preparations during the Russian crisis, 1876-1880    A W PRESTON    Prof M E Howard
1966    PhD    London, LSE    Changes in caste in rural Kumaon    R D SANWAL    Dr Freedman
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    The Christian missionaries in Bengal. 1793-1833    K SENGUPTA    Prof Basham
1966    PhD    London, LSE    Central control and supervision of capital expenditure in the public sector in the UK and India    Ram Parkash SETH    Prof Greaves; Prof Self
1966    PhD    London, King’s    Surveying and charting the Indian Ocean    W A SPRAY    Prof G S Graham
1966    PhD    London, SOAS    Politics and change in the Madras Presidency, 1884-1894: a regional study of Indian nationalism    R SUNTHARALINGAM    Prof H R Tinker
1966    PhD    London, External    The law relating to directors and managing agents of companies limited by shares in Pakistan    Muhammad ZAHIR    Prof Gledhill
1966/67    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity    Planning and regional development: the application of a multi-sectoral programming model to inter-regional planning in Pakistan    A R KHAN    Dr J A Mirrlees
1966/67    MPhil    London, Inst Ed    The impact of the creation of Pakistan on Muslim education in Pakistan    G NABI
1966/67    PhD    Manchester    A study of fiscal policy in Pakistan, 1950-51, with special reference to its contribution to economic development    M NAYIMUDDIN
1966/67    PhD    Edinburgh    The fisheries of Pakistan: their present position and potentialities    R NIAZI
1966/67    PhD    Leeds    An evaluation of the human impact on the nature and distribution of wild plant communities in the Ceylon Highlands    N P PERERA
1966/67    PhD    Reading    Intra-party relationships and federalism: a comparative study of the Indian Congress Party and the Australian political parties    Y A RAFEEK
1966/67    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    The share of labour in value added during the inflation in the modern sector in under-developed economies: a comparative study of the experience of India, Peru and Turkey between 1939 and 1958    W M WARREN    Mr J A C Bowen
1967    LLM    Queen’s, Belfast    A comparative study of the provisions for emergency powers in the constitutions of the Indian, Australian, Nigerian and Malaysian federations with special emphasis on the Malaysian constitution    A ABIDIN
1967    PhD    Edinburgh    The peasant family and social status in East Pakistan    Nizam Uddin AHMED
1967    BLitt    Glasgow    Foreign trade policy of India    N M AMIN
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    English educated Ceylonese in the official life of Ceylon from 1865 to 1883    W M D D ANDRADI    Mr J B Harrison
1967    PhD    London, SOAS    Some aspects of the relationship of political and constitutional theories to the constitutional evolution of India and Pakistan with special reference to the period 1919-1956    B P BARUA    Prof H Tinker
1967    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    Indian education and politics,1898-1920    A BASU    Prof J A Gallagher

1967   MA   Sussex   Choice of technique: an activity analysis approach with special reference to the Indian cotton textiles industry   C L BELL
1967   PhD   Cambridge, Selwyn   Anglo-Afghan relations, 1870-1880   S CHAKRAVARTY   Dr T G Spear
1967   PhD   Cambridge, Clare   The relations of the Court of Directors, the India Board, the India Office and the Government of India, 1853-1865   P K CHATTARJI   Dr T G Spear
1967   MA   Sussex   The regulation of communal disturbances in West Bengal and East Pakistan in 1950   M CHAUDHURY
1967   MSc   London, SOAS   Political parties in the Bombay Presidency, 1920-1929   D S CHAVDA   Prof H Tinker
1967   PhD   London, SOAS   Oil prices and the Indian market, 1886-1964   Biplab Kumar DASGUPTA   Prof Penrose
1967   MPhil   London, LSE   Some aspects of stratificatioin in Indian rural communities   K S DASGUPTA   Prof Glass
1967   DPhil   Oxford, Lady Margaret   The growth of urban leadership n Western India with special reference to Bombay City, 1845-1885   C E DOBBIN   Prof J A Gallagher
1967   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   Judicial control of administrative action in India and Pakistan   A FAZAL   Prof H W R Wade
1967   DPhil   Oxford, Linacre House   Patterns of investment, political stability and rates of growth: an analysis of central government expenditure of Ceylon, 1930-1963   S T G FERNANDO   Lady Hicks
1967   MA   Sussex   Development administration and Calcutta metropolitan government   R FOGEL
1967   PhD   London, QMC   Peasant production of tea in Sri Lanka   R S GUNAWARDENA   Dr Hodder; Prof Smailes
1967   PhD   London, SOAS   The policy of Sir James Fergusson as Governor of Bombay Presidency, 1880-1885   A GUPTA   Prof K Ballhatchet
1967   PhD   Cambridge, Sidney   The effect of a change in the terms of trade on the economic growth of Pakistan: a study of the third five year plan   I U HAQUE   Mr W B Reddaway
1967   PhD   London, LSE   Agricultural taxation in a newly developing country: the case of Pakistan   A HASHEM   Prof Peston
1967   PhD   London, SOAS   A price stabilisation model for Pakistan: jute   A K M S HUQ   Prof Penrose
1967   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   The failure of parliamenary politics in Pakistan, 1953-1958   I HUSAIN   Prof M Beloff
1967   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   The development of Indian politics, 1888-1909   G JOHNSON   Dr A Seal
1967   MA   Sussex   Language as an issue in Indian politics   J KABANGO
1967   MA   London, LSE   The changing distribution of cash crops in East Pakistan, 1945-1962   A K M KALIMULLAH   Dr Board
1967   PhD   Aberdeen   The development of transport in East Pakistan   Abul Fazal Muhammed KAMALUDDIN
1967   MPhil   London, SOAS   The advent of the British in Ceylon, 1762-1803   V L B MENDIS   Dr Bastin
1967   MPhil   Leeds   The linguistic world of Anglo-India   K MUSA
1967   MPhil   London, SOAS   Some aspects of the Hindu-Muslim relationship in India, 1876-1892   Shamsun NAHAR   Dr B N Pandey
1967   PhD   Edinburgh   The contribution of Scottish missions to the rise and growth of responsible churches in India   James McMichael ORR   Dr H Watt; Prof A C Cheyne
1967   PhD   London, LSE   The impact of industrialisation on urban growth: a case study of Chotanagpur   P PANDEYA   Prof Jones
1967   DPhil   Oxford, Jesus   British relations with Pakistan, 1947-1962: a study of British policy towards Pakistan   M A QURESHI   Mr G Wint
1967   PhD   London   The evolution for civil procedure in Bengal from 1772 to 1806   Z RAHMAN
1967   PhD   London, SOAS   Local government services in India: a case study of Punjab, 1860-1960   D R SACHDEVA   Prof H Tinker
1967   PhD   London, UC   Judicial interpretation of the Government of India Act, 1935   H SAHARAY
1967   MA   London, SOAS   Political conflict in selected villages of India, Pakistan and Ceylon   M J SHEPPERSDSON   Prof Mayer
1967   PhD   Leicester   Some early tertiary ostracods from West Pakistan   Qadeer Ahmad SIDDIQUI
1967   PhD   London, SOAS   Evolution of the structure of civil judiciary in Bengal, 1800-1831   C SINHA   Dr Pandey
1967   PhD   London, External   The social structure of an Indian-Jewish community   S STRIZOWER
1967   MPhil   London, Inst Ed   Education and international understanding between the East and the West with special reference to the UK and Pakistan   Q J SURI   Prof Lauwery; Mr Goodings
1967   MPhil   London, Inst Ed   Education in Kerala and the missionary contribtion to it during the first half of the nineteenth century   Joseph THAIKOODAN
1967   PhD   London, SOAS   Customs and institutions connected with the domestic life of the Sinhalese in the Kandyan period:   Miniwan P TILLAKARATNE
1967   PhD   London, SOAS   Trends in and prospectsof Pakistan’s exports to the UK and the European Economic Community, 1951-1970   Z A VAINCE   Prof Penrose
1967   DPhil   Oxford, Merton   The policies of the government of Ceylon concerning education and religion, 1865-1885   L A WICKREMERATNE   Mr K A Ballhatchet
1967   BLitt   Oxford, Somerville   The sociological implications of educational policies in Ceylon since 1947   C K WICKREMESINGHE   Dr D F Pocock
1967   BLitt   Oxford, St Hilda’s   Henry Russell’s activities in Hyderabad, 1811-1820   Z YAZDANI   Mr K A Ballhatchet
1967/68   PhD   Cambridge, Corpus   The causes and consequence of trade fluctuations in Ceylon, 1948-1960   M A FERNANDO   Mr H H Leisner
1967/68   PhD   London, External   British relations with Tanjore (1748-1799)   C S RAMANUJAM
1967/68   PhD   Edinburgh   The agricultural geography of Hissar District   Jasbur SINGH
1967-68   PhD   Cambridge, Christ’s   Anglo-Mughal relations in western India and the development of Bombay, 1662-1690   G Z REFAI
1968   MA   Durham   The influence of religion on politics in Pakistan, 1947-1956   S R AHMAD
1968   PhD   London, SOAS   The administration of the North West Frontier,1901-1919   L BAHA   Dr Hardy
1968   MSc   Cambridge, Christ’s   Industrial expansion and regional cooperation in South Asia: a study of selected industries   Peter Douglas BALACS
1968   MLitt   Cambridge, Trinity Hall   The working of the supreme government of India and its constitutional relations with the home authorities, 1833-1853   A G BANERJEE   Dr T G P Spear
1968   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   On price relationships in Indian agriculture   K BARDHAN   P M Deane
1968   DPhil   Oxford, Somerville   Social and conceptual order in Kongu: a region of South India   B E F BECK   Dr R K Jain
1968   PhD   London   The urban geography of Lyallpur   M H BOKHARI   Prof A E Smailes
1968   PhD   Cambridge   Rohilkhand from conquest to revolt, 1774-1858: a study in the origins of the Indian Mutiny uprising   E I BRODKIN   Dr E T Stokes
1968   PhD   Cam,bridge, Girton   Gandhi in India, 1915-1920: his emergence as a leader and the transformation of politics   J M BROWN   Dr A Seal
1968   MPhil   London   The development of education in India under Lord Curzon, 1899-1905   Hamida I BUTT
1968   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Bengali political unrest (1905-1918)with special reference to terrorism   H CHAKRABARTI   Prof K Ballhatchet
1968   MPhil   London, King’s   The development of mountain warfare in India in the 19th century   S CHANDRA   Prof M E Howard
1968   DPhil   Oxford, St Cath’s   American policy towards India, 1941-1947, with emphasis on the Phillips mission to India, 1943   F L CHASE   Prof J A Gallagher
1968   DPHil   Oxford, Linacre   The agrarian economy and agrarian relations in Bengal, 1859-1885   B B CHAUDHURI   Dr K A Ballhatchet
1968   BLitt   Oxford, Linacre   Some aspects of English Protestant missionary activities in Bengal, 1857-1885   T CHAUDHURI   Dr S Gopal
1968   DPhil   Oxford, University   British government and society in the residency of Bengal, 1858-1880: an examination of certain aspects of British policy in relation to the changing nature of society   J M COMPTON   Mr K A Ballhatchet
1968   DPhil   Oxford, Magdalen   British reform policy and Indian politics on the eve of the rise of Gandhi   R J DANZIG   Dr S Gopal
1968   PhD   Cambridge, Magdalen   Optimum investment decisions with special reference to the Indian fertilizer industry   A K DAS GUPTA   Dr J A Mirrlees
1968   DPhil   Oxford, Somerville   Public opinion and Indian policy, 1872-1880   U DAS GUPTA   Dr S Gopal
1968   MPhil   London, Inst Ed   The contribution of the Wesleyan missionaries to southern India   P W DE SILVA
1968   PhD   York   The verbal piece in spoken Hindi: a morpho-syntactic study   Hans DUA
1968   MPhil   London, Inst Ed   An enquiry into the purpose and development of Catholic education in Madras. 1850-1950   M A DUNNE   Prof Lauwerys
1968   PhD   London, LSE   Some political aspects of foreign aid in India, 1947-1966   P J ELDRIDGE   Prof Goodwin
1968   DPhil   Oxford, Linacre House   The development of a new elite in Ceylon with special reference to educational and occupational background, 1910-1931   P T M FERNANDO   Dr A H Halsey
1968   BLitt   Oxford, Exeter   An historical survey and assessment of the ecclesiastical and missionary policy of the East India Company   I J GASH   Mr C C Davies
1968   MLitt   Bristol   The civil servant and contemporary government in India   B GIRI
1968   PhD   Birmingham   Consumption patterns in India: a regional analysis   D B GUPTA
1968   DPhil   Oxford, St Edmund Hall   The debts of the Nawab of Arcot, 1763-1776   J D GURNEY   Dame L Sutherland
1968   PhD   London, LSE   Econometrics of import planning in India (1947-1965): a case study of selected commodities   M L HANDA   Prof Sargan; De Desai
1968   DPhil   Oxford, Nuffield   Moral and religious changes in an urban village of Bangalore, South India   M N HOLSTROM   Dr D P Pocock
1968   MPhil   London SOAS   Lord Mayo’s Viceroyalty (1869-1872) with special reference to problems of external security and internal stability   M A HOSSAIN   Dr Zaidi
1968   PhD   London, LSE   British policy towards Persia and the defence of British India, 1798-1807   R INGRAM ELLIS   Miss H Lee
1968   PhD   London, LSE   Karachi: a pre-industrial city in transition   M Z KHAN   Prof Jones
1968   PhD   London, SOAS   The Dutch in Ceylon, 1743-1766   D A KOTELAWEL   Dr Bastin
1968   PhD   London, SOAS   The contribution of Christian missionaries to education in Bengal, 1793-1837   M A LAIRD   Prof K Ballhatchet

1968   PhD   London, LSE   Socio-economic determinants of infant and child mortality in Sri Lanka: an analysis of post-war experience    S A MEEGAMA   Prof Glass
1968   MPhil   London, UC   Higher judiciary in Pakistan   M Y MIRZA   Mr Holland
1968   BLitt   Oxford, St Cath’s   Funeral ritual in South India   M M MOFFATT   Dr R K Jain
1968   MPhil   London, LSE   Land use and nutrition in Lucknow District   I MOHIUDDIN   Mr R Rawson
1968   PhD   London, SOAS   Political relations between India and Nepal, 1877-1923   K MOJUMDAR   Prof K Ballhatchet
1968   MPhil   London, Bedford   The cities of Hyderabad-Secunderabad with special reference to their industrial development   K B MUSTAFA   Mr Mountjoy
1968   MPhil   London, LSE   Concepts of purity and pollution in Indian religion   Judith Ann OSTROW
1968   PhD   Lancaster   The evolution and history of the Buddhist monastic order with special reference to the Sangha in Ceylon   Gunaratne PANABOKKE
1968   PhD   London, SOAS   The invasion of Nepal: John Company at war, 1814-1816   J C PEMBLE   Dr Moore
1968   PhD   London, SOAS   The All-India Muslim League in Indian politics, 1906-1912   M RAHMAN   Dr Moore
1968   MPhil   London, SOAS   The reform of local self-government in India under Lord Ripon, 1880-1884: a study in the formation of policy   Q RAHMAN
1968   PhD   Wales, Bangor   An economic appraisal of agricultural marketing in Pakistan   Abdur RASHID
1968   PhD   Edinburgh   A geographical analysis of the historical development of towns in Ceylon   L K RATNAYAKE   Prof J W Watson; Dr R Jones
1968   MA   Sussex   Constitutional change and the depressed classes: the representations from the depressed classes in the United Provinces to the Indian Statutory Commission, 1928, and their outcome   L SEN-GUPTA
1968   PhD   London, External   The role of railway transport in Ceylon: present problems and future prospects   K SUNDERALINGAM
1968   PhD   London, Inst Ed   A critical study of the history and development of university education in modern India, with special reference to problems and patterns of growth since 1847   C TICKOO
1968   DPhil   Oxford, St Cath’s   Kinship and marriage among the Jat of Haryana in northern India   Gunter TIEMANN   Dr R K Jain
1968   PhD   Edinburgh   The strategy of Christian missions to the Muslims: Anglican and reformed contributions in India and the Near East from Henry Martyn to Samuel Zwemmer, 1800-1938   Lyle L VANDER WERFF   Prof M Watt; Prof AC Cheyne
1968   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Indian historical writing in English, 1870-1920, with special reference to the influence of nationalism   Johannes H VOIGT   Mr K A Ballhatchet
1968   MPhil   London, LSE   The hierarchy of towns in Vidarbha, India, and its significance for regional planning   Sudhir Vyankatesh WANMALI. Prof MJ Wise
1968   MA   Manchester   The relevance of land reform to economic progress in Pakistan   M A ZAMAN
1968/69   PhD   Glasgow   Planning for economic development: a comparative case study of Indian and Egyptian experience, 1946-1966, with special reference to planning strategy and effectiveness   A El- H H EL-GHAZALI
1968/69   PhD   Cambridge, Girton   Muslim politics and government policy: studies in the development of Muslim organisation and its social background in North India and Bengal, 1885-1917   Janetr Mary RIZVI
1969   PhD   Durham   The working of district administration in Pakistan, 1947-1964   N ABEDIN   Prof W H Morris-Jones
1969   PhD   Cambridge, Fitzwilliam   The formation of the Government of India Act, 1935   W AHMAD   Dr T G P Sper
1969   MPhil   London, SOAS   Ideological factors in selected fields of policy making in India   Zoe F ALLEN
1969   PhD   London, SOAS   British famine and agricultural policies in India with special reference to the administration of Lord George Hamilton   S K BANDYOPADHYAY   Dr R J Moore
1969   PhD   London, SOAS   The political and economic conditions of Indians in Burma, 1900-1941   N R CHAKRAVARTI
1969   PhD   London, SOAS   The amending process in the Indian constitution   H CHAND
1969   PhD   London   Trade and commercial organisation in Bengal with special reference to the English East India Company, 1650-1720   S CHAUDHURY   Dr K N Chaudhuri
1969   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   The Bombay political service, 1863-1924   I F S COPLAND   Prof J A Gallagher
1969   PhD   London, Birkbeck   The Colonial Office and political problems in Ceylon and Mauritius, 1907-1921   L B L CROOK   Dr I M Cumpston
1969   DPhil   Oxford, Nuffield   British defence policy in the Indian Ocean region between the Indian Independence Act, 1947, and the British defence review, 1966   P G C DARBY   Prof N H Gibbs
1969   DPhil   Oxford   An evaluation of the Eastern bloc assistance to India (1956-57 to 1965-66)   DATARHA
1969   PhD   London, LSE   The effect of international labour migration on trade and real income: a case study of Ceylon, 1920 to 1938   A DUTTA   Prof Johnson
1969   PhD   London, Bedford   The development of the sugar industry in Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh   A H FAROOQI
1969   PhD   London   Lord William Bentinck in Madras, 1803-1807   M GUPTA   Dr B M Pandey
1969   PhD   London, External   A study of the planning techniques in India: India’s five year plans   S GUPTA
1969   PhD   Manchester   A typical support structure of leadership in Punjab – the faction   J J M HAUDHRI
1969   PhD   Manchester   A structural study of Pakistan’s monetary sector   K A IMAN
1969   PhD   London, LSE   Regional development in Pakistan with special reference to the effects of import licensing and exchange control   A I A ISLAM
1969   PhD   London   Social aspects of the historical geography of East Pakistan, 1608-1857   Bilquis JAHAN   Miss E M J Campbell
1969   PhD   London, External   The sources and development of the customary laws of the Sinhalese up to 1835   M L S JAYASEKERA
1969   MSocSc   Birmingham   Industrial development and organization in Ceylon – a case study of the Ceylon cement industry   G W JAYSURIYA
1969   PhD   London   Dutch rule in maritime Ceylon, 1766-1796   V KAMAPATHYPILLAI   Dr J S Bastin
1969   PhD   London, LSE   Domestic instability as a factor in Pakistan’s foreign policy, 1952-1958   M KAMLIN   Dr Lyon
1969   PhD   London, LSE   A study of import control, with special reference to India   H KUSARI
1969   PhD   London, LSE   Britain and the termination of the India-China opium trade, 1905-1913   Margaret J B-C LIM   Prof Medlicott; Mr Dilks
1969   BLitt   Oxford, Linacre   Financing agricultural development with special reference to the place of agricultural credit in West Pakistan after 1947   A M MALIK   Mr R G Opie
1969   PhD   London, SOAS   Election laws in Pakistan   M D MALIK
1969   PhD   London, SOAS   The development of the jurisdiction and powers of the superior courts in Pakistan   M A MANNAN   Prof Gledhill
1969   MA   Sussex   Th Krishak Praja Party and the Bengal provincial elections, 1937   H MOMEN
1969   BPhil   St Andrews   Muslim politics in India, 1858-1918   S NAZ   D G Seed
1969   PhD   London, SOAS   Jury and police reform during the Indian Vice-Royalty of Lord Lansdowne, 1888-1894   R RAHMAN   Dr P Hardy
1969   PhD   London, LSE   Frontier problems in Pakistan’s foreign policy   S M M RAZVI   Dr P H Lyon
1969   DPhil   Oxford, Merton   The Commission of Eastern Inquiry in Ceylon, 1829-1837: a study of a Royal Commission of Colonial Inquiry   V K SAMARAWEERA   Dr A F Madden
1969   PhD   London, SOAS   Hinduism in a Kangra village   U M SHARMA   Pror Mayer
1969   PhD   London, SOAS   The reorganization of the Indian armies, 1858-1879   A H SHIBLEY   Dr Moore
1969   PhD   London, SOAS   Land resumption in Bengal, 1819-1846   A M WAHEEDUZZAMA   Dr Zaidi
1969   PhD   London, External   Methodism in north Ceylon: its history and influences, 1814-1890   D K WILSON
1969/70   PhD   Bristol   On the construction and implementation of a planning model for Ceylon   S NARAPALASINGAM
1969/70   PhD   Durham   Some aspects of central banking in Pakistan, 1948-1966   A K NIAZI
1969/70   PhD   Edinburgh   Settlement geography of the Indian desert (Rajasthan area)   Ram C SHARMA
1969/70   PhD   Bristol   The relations between central and provincial governments in Pakistan   M A TAYYEB   Prof Bromhead
1969/70   PhD   London, SOAS   Some legal aspects of agrarian reform in India   Namgi Lal UPADHYAYA
1970   MPhil   London, LSE   Production and trade in the raw cotton and cotton textile industries of Pakistan,1948-1966   Q K AHMAD   Prof H Myint
1970   PhD   Edinburgh   Regionalism and political integration in Pakistan: a case study in political geography   Masood ALI
1970   MPhil   London, SOAS   The urban geography of Kanpur   S A ALI
1970   MPhil   London, LSE   Peasant agriculture in Ceylon, 1933-1893   A C L AMEER ALI   Prof F J Fisher
1970   PhD   Edinburgh   Possible developments in building technology in relations to low cost housing in Pakistan   Mohammed M BAJWA
1970   DPhil   Oxford, St Anthony’s   The growth of political organization inthe Allahabad locality, 1880-1925   C A BAYLY   Prof J A Gallgher
1970   PhD   Cambridge, Gonville     Spatial organizationof some villages in Northern India   P M BLAIKIE   Mr B H Farmer
1970   PhD   Cambridge   British impact on the Indian cotton textile industry, 1757-1865   J G BORPUJARI   Dr W J Macpherson
1970   MPhil   London, UC   Some problems of physical planning in Ceylon   S W P BULANKULAME
1970   PhD   London, LSE   The behaviour of prices in India, 1952-1966: an empirical study   S K CHAKRABARTI   Prof Walters
1970   MSc   Bristol   The long-term outlook for the consumption of tea in India – a quantitative analysis   B M CHAMBERS
1970   MA   Manchester   Social change in Indian towns   M K CHATERJEE
1970   PhD   Cambridge, St Cath’s   Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall: a study of the Anglo-Indian official mind   E C T CHEW   Dr E T Stokes
1970   PhD   London, SOAS   British policy on the North East frontier of India, 1865-1914   D P CHOUDHURY   Prof K Ballhatchet
1970   MA   Kent   Recent trends in Indian federalism   S DAS
1970   MPhil   London, Inst Ed   Development of adult education in India since independence with special reference to rural reconstruction   B DUTTA
1970   BLitt   Oxford, Keble   Identity amongst Muslims in West Bengal, India, and its relationship with political, social and economic change   P J K EADE   Dr R K Jain
1970   BLitt   Oxford, St Edmund Hall   Aspects of history of the Indian National Congress with special reference to the Swarajya Party, 1919-1927   R A GORDON   Prof J A Gallagher
1970   PhD   Wales, Swansea   A study of the social and economic geography of the coastal fishing industry of Ceylon   Suniti Danissari GUNASEKERA
1970   PhD   London, SOAS   British policy and Baluchistan, 1854-1876   T A HEATHCOTE   Dr M E Yapp
1970   MPhil   London, King’s   Selected aspects of agricultural development in West Pakistan   J HUSSAIN
1970   PhD   London, SOAS   Social and political change in Ceylon, 1900-1919 with special reference to the disturbances of 1915    p v i JAYASEKERA   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1970   MSc   Edinburgh   Language and politics in modern India   P KARAT
1970   PhD   London, SOAS   Protection of minority interests under the Indian constitution   G T LUIS   Prof Derrett
1970   DPhil   Oxford, Wadham   Sociological aspects of revival and change in Buddhism in nineteenth century Ceylon   Kitsiri MALALGODA   Mr B R Wilson
1970   PhD   London, SOAS   The administration of British Burma, 1852-1885   J A MILLS   Prof C D Cowan
1970   DPhil   Oxford, St John’s   Renewable natural resources planning for regional development with special reference to Kashmir   Maharaj K MUTHOO   Mr J J Macgregor
1970   DPhil   Sussex   Labour organisation in the Bombay textile industry, 1918-1929   R NEWMAN   Dr Reeves
1970   PhD   London, QMC   Land development in the Sinharaja foothill of Ceylon   M P PERERA   Mr B W Hodder
1970   PhD   London, SOAS   Shareholders’ control of public companies in Pakistan   A K RANJHA
1970   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   The politics of U.P. Muslims   Francis Christopher Rowland ROBINSON   Dr Seal
1970   MPhil   London, Inst Ed   Urbanisation – its educational implications in India   P SAJNANI
1970   PhD   York   Predicate complement constructions in Hindi and English   Anil SINHA
1970   PhD   London, LSE   Water supply and irrigation in the dry zone of Ceylon   K U SIRINANDA   Mr P Rawson; Dr Chandler
1970   PhD   Cambridge, Jesus   Ceylon’s export trends and prospects   M P S SURIAARACHCHI   Mr H Leisner
1970   MA   London, Inst Ed   The t rainingof teachers in Bombay Province (including Gujerat) since 1947   M N UPADHYAYA
1970   MSc   Wales   Britain’s forgotten war: the British role in the confrontation of Malaysia by Indonesia   Michael R WAGSTAFF
1970   MPhil   London, SOAS   A structural analysis of myths from the North east frontier of India   James Mackie WILSON
1970   PhD   Leeds   The role of the Ceylon civil service before and after independence   Watareke Aratchchige WISWA WARNAPALA
1970/71   PhD   St Andrews   The theory, practice and administration of Waqf with special reference to the Malayan state of Kadah   M Z B H OTHMAN   Dr J Burton
1970/71   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   The politics of U P muslims   M A ROWLANDS
1970/71   PhD   London, LSHTM   Dynamics of malaria in Ceylon   C SIVAGNANASUNDRAM
1971   MPhil   London, SOAS   A comparative study of social heirarchies in selected areas of India and Pakistan   Makhdum Tasadduq AHMAD   Dr Mayer
1971   PhD   Lancaster   Technical change and economic development of agriculture: the case of Bangladesh   M ALAMGIR
1971   MPhil   London, UC   A select bibliography of periodical literature published in English, German, French, Sanskrit, Hindi, Pali and Bengali during 1951-1966 on some aspects of Indian culture (philosophy, religion, linguistics, literature)from the post-Vedic to the pre-Kalidasa era   P BISWAS
1971   MPhil   London, SOAS   Symbolic and material aspects of institutions in political process: analysis of two North Indian villages   Bengt-Erik Per Gustaf BORGSTROM
1971   MLitt   Cambridge, Firtzwilliam   Metropolitan dominance in South India   R W BRADNOCK   Mr B H Farmer
1971   PhD   London, SOAS   Social change of marriage patterns in the North Western Himalayas (Churah, Pangi and Ladakh)   Bharpur Singh BRAR
1971   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   Political alliances in rural Western Maharashtra   Anthony Thomas CARTER
1971   PhD   London, External   Culture conflicts and education in Ceylon after independence   Ida W DESILVA
1971   PhD   London, SOAS   The internal politics of the Kandyan kingdom, 1707-1760   Lorna S DEWARAJA
1971   PhD   Durham   Patterns of population structure and growth in East Pakistan   K Maudood ELAHI
1971   PhD   London, LSE   An econometric growth model for Pakistan   A FAROOQUI   Mr J M Desai
1971   DPhil   Sussex   Municipal politics in Calcutta: elite groups and the Calcutta corporation, 1875-1900    C P M FUREDY   Prof A Low
1971   BLitt   Oxford, St John’s   Statutory provisions for the settlement of collective industrial disputes in England and Australia and India   S T GOH
1971   MA   Exeter   A study of the authority structure of an industrial organisation in a transitional setting: case study of a Ceylon industrial plant   S GOONATILAKE
1971   MSc   Hull   The impact of foreign aid on India’s international trade, 1951-1965   C P HALLWOOD
1971   PhD   Nottingham   Pakistan’s external relations   A K M A HAQUE   Prof Pear
1971   PhD   Durham   The working of parliamentary government in Pakistan, 1947-1958   S C HARUN
1971   MLitt   Glasgow   Government expenditure: a study with reference to economic development in Pakistan   M HUQ
1971   PhD   London, King’s   Freedom of interstate trade in India   C K M JARIWALA
1971   DPhil   Oxford, St Hilda’s   Government policy and economic and social change in western India,1850-1875   J F M JHIRAD   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1971   MSc   Strathclyde   Administrative aspects of social security programmes for factory labourers in East Pakistan   M KABIR
1971   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   Nationalism n Bengal, 1903-1911: a study of Bengali reactions to the partition of the province with special reference to the social groups involved   A P KANNANGARA   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1971   PhD   London, SOAS   Some aspects of society and politics in Bengal, 1927 to 1936   B R KHAN   Mr J B Harrison
1971   MPhil   London, SOAS   The tripartite countries [Iran, Pakistan and Turkey]of the regional cooperation for development: a geographical study of a regional grouping   Durray S KURESHI
1971   DPhil   Sussex   Administrative structures, economic change and problems of rural development in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh, India   Bismarck U MWANSASU
1971   PhD   London, King’s   A comparative study of the executive in Australia and India   J D OJO
1971   PhD   London, SOAS   Some aspects of the Indian Viceroyalty of Lord Elgin, 1862-1863   J A RAHMAN   Dr Harrison
1971   PhD   London, SOAS   Legal aspects of the “doctrine of pleasure” in relation to public servants in India   U R RAI
1971   MPhil   London, LSE   A comparative study of manpower in selected industries with similar technologies in India and the UK   S F RICHARDS   Prof Wise
1971   MPhil   Leeds   The military in politics in India and Pakistan since 1947   A H RIZVI   Prof Hanson; Dr O A Hartley
1971   PhD   London, SOAS   The government of India under Lord Chelmsford, 1916-1921, with special reference to the policies adopted towards constitutional change and political agitation in British India   P G ROBB   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1971   PhD   York   A generative semantic treatment of some aspects of English and Hindigrammar   Prajapati SAH
1971   PhD   London, LSE   The problem of economic holdings in the peasant agriculture of the dry zone of Ceylon   Somasundaram SELVANAYAGAM
1971   PhD   London, SOAS   Status, power and resources: the study of a Sinhalese village   S P F SENATATNE
1971   MPhil   London. LSE   British opinion and Indian independence: a study of some British pressure groups which advanced the cause of Indian independence   Kumar Indra VIJAY
1971   MLitt   Edinburgh   David Livingstone and India   rOSINA g VISRAM   Prof G A Shepperson
1971   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   Employment incomes in Ceylon: an inquiry into the structure and determination of wage and salary earnings in Ceylon, 1949-1969   Pabawathie C WICKREMASINGHE
1971   MPhil   London, Inst Ed   A critical analysis of the problems of higher education in Pakistan since independence (1947) with special reference to student unrest   U S ZAMAN
1971/72   PhD   Liverpool   British opinion and Indian reform, 1858-1876   Nilima SAHA   Mr P J N Tuck
1972   DPhil   Oxford, Christ Church   Economic aspects of some peasant colonizations in Ceylon   G M ABAYARATNA   Miss M R Haswell
1972   PhD   Leeds   Economic, political and administrative aspects of planning for development in a divided country: a study of relationships between East Bengal and West Pakistan, 1947-1971   Shaikh Magsood ALI
1972   MSc   Bristol   Capital finance in a developing economy – Ceylon   Bernard V ANTHONISZ
1972   PhD   Cambridge, Clare Hall   Communal conflict in Ceylon politics and the advance towards self-government   Rupasinghe A ARIYARATNE
1972   MPhil   London, Inst Ed   A comparative study of language policies and problems in Ceylon and India since independence   V ARUMUGAM
1972   MPhil   London, SOAS   Judicial control of the machinery of government in Pakistan   Chaudhary M Y ASIM
1972   PhD   Cambridge, Queens   Politics in South India. 1917-1947   Christopher J BAKER
1972   PhD   Durham   The hierarchy of central places in Northern Ceylon   P BALASUNDARAMPILLAI
1972   PhD   London, LSE   Some aspects of the strains and stresses in Indo-British relations, 1947-1965: an analysis of the causes and course of gradual decline in Britain’s importance to India   A R BANERJI   Mr J B L Mayall
1972   PhD   London, QMC   Fiscal policy in India (with reference to taxation)over three five year plans   S BHADURI   Prof M H Peston
1972   DPhil   Sussex   Political change in Rohilkhand, 1932-1952: a study of the rleationships between provincial and district level politicans   L BRENNAN
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   An examination of the development and structure of the legal profession at Allahabad, 1866-1935   Gilliam F BUCKEE
1972   MPhil   Sussex   Educational administration in Bombay Presidency, 1913-1937   J L BUTLER
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   Extra-constitutional actions in Pakistan   Z I CHOUDHURY
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   The politics and functioning of the East Bengal legislature, 1947-1958   Najma CHOWDHURY
1972   MEd   Manchester   The social and educational changes brought about in some South Indian villages by the Saruodaya movement   A G CLARK
1972   DPhil   Oxford   Decentralisation and political change in the United Provinces, 1880-1921   W F CRAWLEY
1972   PhD   Aberdeen   The development and influence of British missionary movements toward India, 1786-1830   Allan K DAVIDSON   Mr A F Walls
1972   PhD   Cambridge, Emmanuel   The official mind and the problem of agrarian indebtedness in India, 1870-1910   Clive J DEWEY
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   Juristic techniques in the Supreme Court of India (195-1971)in some selected areas of public and personal law   Rajeev DHAVAN

1972   MA   Hull   Resource allocation in the public sector in Malaysia with special reference to the Muda River irrigation scheme   CHEW CHAI DOAN
1972   PhD   Hull   Some aspects of private foreign enterprise in Ceylon   L E N FERNANDO
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   Rural money markets in India   Subrata GHATAK
1972   MA   Manchester   Traditional India and the meaning of caste   Beth GOLDBLATT
1972   DPhil   Sussex   Optimum location of paddy improvement schemes in Ceylon   J M GUNADESA
1972   MA    Exeter   Industrialization and protective tariffs in Pakistan   A M A HAKIM
1972   PhD   Cambridge,St John’s   The place of India in the strategic and political consideration of the Axis powers, 1939-1942   Milan HAUNER   Prof F H Hinsley
1972   MA   Exeter   Foreign capital and economic development: the case of Pakistan   M E HOSSAIN
1972   PhD   London, LSE   Rural society and leadership in Malaya with special reference to three selected communities   Syed HUSIN ALI
1972   BLitt   Oxford, Lady Margaret   Some aspects of religion and culture in Bengal   H K ION
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   Agricultural development of Bengal: a quantitative study, 1920-1946   M M ISLAM   Dr Chaudhuri
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   Bengali Moslem public opinion as reflected in the vernacular press between 1901 and 1930   Mustafa N ISLAM
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   The permanent settlement and the landed interests in Bengal from 1793 to 1819   M S ISLAM   Mr G B Harrison
1972   BLitt   Oxford, Somerville   A social anthropological study of Jainism in Northern India   S JAIN   Dr R G Leinhardt
1972   DPhil   Sussex   Techno-economic survey of industrial potential in Sri Lanka   N D KARUNARATNE
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   Constitutional protection of the freedom of association in Pakistan   Hamiduddin KHAN
1972   PhD   London, UC   Kowloon: a factorial study of urban land use and retail structure   Chi-sen LIANG   Prof P Wood
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   The rajas and nawabs of Bengal, 1911-1919   Pronoy Chand MEHTAB
1972   PhD   Cambridge, Fitzwilliam   Income distribution and savings in Pakistan: an appraisal of development strategy   T E NULTY   Prof W B Reddaway
1972   DPhil   Oxford   The organisational basis of Indian agriculture with special reference to the development of capitalistic farming (ie based on wage-labour and following economic criteria for investment) in selected regions in recent years   U PATNAIK
1972   PhD   York   A systematic treatment of certain aspects of Telugu phonology   Vennelakanti PRAKASAM
1972   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Regional disparities in the growth of incomes and population in India, 1951-1965   Siripurapu Kesava RAO   Dr A K Bagchi
1972   PhD   Exeter   The impact of devaluation on prices and production in Pakistan   M M SHAIKH
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   The study of inflation in Pakistan, 1955-1968   Qamarul H SIDDIQI   Prof E Penrose
1972   PhD   London, UC   Functions of international conflict: a case study of Pakistan   K SIDDIQUI   Dr J W Burton
1972   PhD   London   The home government of India, 1834-1853   Robert F S TATE   Mr Harrison
1972   PhD   London, SOAS   Indian politics and the elections of 1937   D D TAYLOR   Prof H Tinker
1972   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   Economic integration and development with special reference to four Asian countries [India, Ceylon, Burma and Malaysia]   Ransit Corneille WANIGATUNGA   Prof G L Rees
1972   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   The development and function of the transport system in Ceylon: a network analysis   Poonanulkarange C H WEERASURIYA   Dr B T Robson
1972   MPhil   London, SOAS   Tribal identity among the Santals, 1770-1857   Michael Piers YORKE
1972/73   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Social conflict and political unrest in Bengal, 1875-1908   Rajat K RAY
1972/73   PhD   Reading   The applicability of linear programming to resource allocation in an irrigated agriculture with special reference to the Punjab of Pakistan   T U REHMAN
1973   BLitt   Oxford, Balliol   A study of Bengal peasants, 1765-1812   S U AHMED   Dr C C Davies
1973   PhD   London   The role of the Zamindars in Bengal, 1707-1772   Shirin AKHTAR   J B Harrison
1973   DPhil   Sussex   Political structure and economic development in rural West Pakistan   H ALAVI
1973   MPhil   London, Inst Ed   The impact of British educational thought onthe concept of university education in Sri Lanka   Chandra Lilian AMARASEKERA
1973   PhD   London, Wye   A study of economic resource use and production possibilities on settlement schemes in Sri Lanka (with special reference to the Minipe Colonisation Scheme)   Nihal St Michael Aloysius AMERASINGHE
1973   DPhil   Sussex   Nationalism and the regional politics: Tamiland, India, 1920-1937   D J ARNOLD   Prof D A Low
1973   PhD   London, QMC   Functions and status of urban settlement in West Bengal   Mira DAS
1973   DPhil   Sussex   Peasant movements in India,c.1920-1950   D N DHANAGARE
1973   PhD   London, LSE   The development of the port of Colombo, 1860-1939   K DHARMASENA   Prof F J Fisher
1973   MPhil   York   Male nurses in Ceylon: a study of the career problems of male nurses in the Ceylon health service, 1972   Malsiri K DIAS
1973   BLitt   Oxford, Campion Hall   Some aspects of agricultural policy in Ceylon since independence with special reference to youth resettlement schemes   B W DISSANAYAKE   Miss M R Haswell
1973   PhD   Exeter   Orgnisational forms in post traditional society with special reference to South Asia   P D S GOONATILAKE
1973   PhD   London, SOAS   A study of the revenue administration of Sylhet District in Bengal, 1765-1792   Kusha HARAKSINGH   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1973   DPhil   Sussex   Revolutionary networks in Northern Indian politics, 1907-1935: a case study of the terrorist movement in Delhi, the Punjab, the United Provinces and adjacent princely states   M HARCOURT
1973   PhD   London, LSE   Indian population policy and the family planning programme   Edward C HARRIMAN
1973   BLitt   Oxford, Jesus   The role of law in the politics of Pakistan from 1947 to 1956   S F A HASSAN   Prof H W R Wade
1973   DPhil   Oxford, St Catharine’s   Foreign aid in the economic development of Ceylon   W HETTIARACHI   Miss P H Ady
1973   MSc   Lancaster   Monetary management, commercial bank credit expansion and economic development in Pakistan   Rafiqul ISLAM
1973   PhD   London, External   Economic development in Ceylon   Halwalage N S KARUNATILAKE
1973   MSocSc   Birmingham   Distribution of rate of suicide according to age and sex on the basis on caste in Gujerat State   H KAZI
1973   PhD   Hull   Some economic aspects of the oil palm industry of West Malaysia   Hacharan Singh KHERA
1973   DPhil   Oxford   Terms of trade, public policy and economic development of Ceylon, 1948-1958   W D LAKSHMAN
1973   PhD   Wales   An economic analysis of recent developments in the production and marketing of jute with particular reference to their implications for the economy of Pakistan   Saidur R LASKER
1973   PhD   London, LSE   Local government and administration in Ceylon   Genevieve R LEITAN
1973   PhD   York   Some aspects of Bhartrhari’s linguistic theory as represented in the Vakyapadiya   Kaluwachchimule MAHANAMA
1973   PhD   London, SOAS   The changing position and functions of the Rajahs and Nawabs of Bengal, 1911-1919   P C MAHTAB   Prof K Ballhatchet
1973   DPhil   Oxford, Nuffield   Private corporate industrial investment in India, 1947/1967: factors affecting its size, fluctuations and sectoral distribution   P PATNAIK   Mr P P Streeten
1973   PhD   London, King’s   The legal framework for the settlement of industrial disputes in Ceylon   Stanislaus Edward PULLE   Mr A Hughes
1973       London, SOAS   The minorities of Ceylon,, 1926-1931 with special reference to the Donoughmore Commission   G QUINTUS
1973   PhD   London, SOAS   The covenanted civil servant and the government of India, 1858-1883: a study of his part in the decision-making and decision implementing process in India   Muhammad A RAHIM   Mr J B Harrison
1973   MPhil   London, QMC   The markets of Calcutta: an analysis of the evolution of indigenous marketing systems and shopping facilities   Mondira Sinha RAY
1973   DPhil   Sussex   Poverty and policy: the impact of rural public works in the Kosi area of Bihar, India   Gerry RODGERS   L Joy
1973   PhD   Cambridge, Lucy    Polarization on Colombo in the economic geography of Ceylon   Liyanage Kundali Vidyamali SAMARASINGHE   Mr B H Farmer
1973   PhD   Birmingham   A quantitative analysis of the patterns of export: a case study of India   M L SETH
1973   MA   Sussex   A multisectoral model of production for Sri Lanka   Paran SIRISENA
1973   MSc   Cambridge, Girton   Underutilized industrial capacity in India   Nancy SLOCUM
1973   MPhil   London, QMC   External aspects of Pakistan’s political geography   A H SYED
1973   PhD   London, SOAS   Extradition in the light of the Indian constitution   Madan M TEWARI
1973   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   The Vice-royalty of Lord Irwin in 1926/31 with special reference to political and constitutional developments   James Frederick Caleb WATTS   Dr A F Madden
1973   PhD   Cambridge, Clare Hall   Some aspects of prodcution and market surplus in the rice sector of Ceylon   Piyasiri WICKRAMASEKARA
1973   PhD   Exeter   A theory of multiple exchange rates and exchange rate management in Ceylon   G W P WICKRAMASINGHE
1973/74   PhD   London, Wye   The marketing of tea with special reference to India’s share of thew world market   N C NANDA
1973/74   PhD   East Anglia   Constraints on optimum resource use in an irrigated land settlement scheme in Ceylon   D H R J PERERA
1973/74   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   Locational analysis and government sponsored large-scale industries in Ceylon   Y RASANAYAGAM

1973/74   DPhil   Sussex   A multisectoral model of production for Sri Lanka   N L SIRISENA
1973/74   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   The kinship and social organization of a Roman Catholic fishing village in Ceylon   Roderick Lennox STIRRAT
1974   PhD   Brunel   Defence expenditure and economic growth with reference to India   V AGARWAL
1974   MSc   London, LSHTM   Current patterns of food administration in the West and their application to Pakistan   A AHMED
1974   DTPH   London, LSHTM   Some problems in family planning in rural Sri Lanka   E R AMARASEKERA
1974   PhD   London, Inst Comm   Trotskyism in Ceylon: a study of the development, ideology and political role of Lanka Sama Samaja Party, 1935-1964   Y R AMARASINGHE   Prof W H Morris-Jones
1974   PhD   London, SOAS   Changes in patterns and practices of wheat farming since the introduction of the new high yielding varieties. A study of six villages in the Bulandshahr District, Uttar Pradesh, Northern India   Kathleen May BAKER
1974   PhD   London   Urban society in Bengal, 1850-1872,with special reference to Calcutta   Ranu BASU   Prof K Ballhatchet
1974   MPhil   London, Wye   Some economic aspects of rubber production in Sri Lanka   Gamlath Rallage CHADRASIRI
1974   PhD   Cambridge, Pembroke   Agrarian society and British administration in Western India, 1847-1920   Neil Rex Foster CHARLESWORTH
1974   DPhil   Sussex   Innovation, inequality and rural planning: the economics of Tubewell irrigation in the Kosi region, Bihar, India   Edward J CLAY
1974   PhD   Kent   Money and monetary policy in a lerss developed economy: the case of Ceylon (Sri Lanka)1950-1970   E CONTOGIANNIS
1974   DPhil   Sussex   A study of wages of the coal miners in India (with special reference ot the Raniganj and Jharia coalfields)   A DASGUPTA
1974   MSc   Wales, Aberystwyth   The factor shares of Indian international trade, 1947-1948 to 1967-1968   Mazumdar D DATT
1974   MPhil   Nottingham   A Marxist analysis of the economic development of India   Brian DAVEY   Prof Parkinson
1974   PhD   London   The intrigues of the German government and the Ghadr Party against British rule in India, 1914-1918   T G FRASER   Mr D N Dilks
1974   DTPH   London, LSHTM   Some public health problems of the labour force in Sri Lanka   A N HANIFFA
1974   MPhil   London, SOAS   The role of “reasonable restrictions” under the Indian constitution   Tirukattupali Kalyana Krishnamurthy IYER
1974   PhD   London   Buddhist-Christian relationships in British Ceylon, 1797-1948   C W KARUNARATNA   E G S Parrinder
1974   MSc   London, LSHTM   Growth study of the preschool children of Pakistan   M M R KHAN
1974   MPhil   Edinburgh   Implementation of development plans in Pakistan   S J KHAWAJA
1974   DPhil   Oxford, St Hugh’s   The movement towards constitutional reform in Ceylon, 1880-1910   N N LABROOY
1974   DPhil   Oxford   Social and political attitudes of British expatriates in India, 1880-1920   Margaret O MACMILLAN   Prof Gallagher
1974   PhD   Queen’s, Belfast   Allahabad: a study in social structure and urban morphology   L MALVIYA
1974   DPhil   Oxford   The Donoughmore Commission in Ceylon, 1927-1931   Tilaka Piyaseeli METHTHANANDA
1974   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   India’s exports and export policies in the sixties   D NAYYAR   Mr P P Streeten
1974   DPhil   Oxford   Prelude to partition: all-India moslem politics, 1920-1932   D J H PAGE
1974   PhD   London, King’s   The social background, motivation and training of missionaries to India, 1789-1858   Frederic S PIGGIN
1974   PhD   York   Some aspects of the Vanni dialect of Sinhalese as contrasted with the dialect of the western region of Sri Lanka   Pushpakumara PREMARATNE
1974   PhD   Manchester   The commercial pressure on the British government policy towards Indian nationalist movement, 1919-1935   M R PREST
1974   PhD   Cambridge, Clare Hall   Change in Bengal agrarian society c.1760-1850: a study of selected districts   Ratnalekha RAY   Prof E G Stokes
1974   PhD   London, SOAS   Education and society in the Bombay Presidency, 1840-1858   A J ROBERTS   Prof K S Ballhatchet
1974   PhD   Bradford   Pakistani villages in a British city: the world of the Mirpuri villager in Bradford and in his village of origin   Verity J SAIFULLAH-KHAN
1974   DPhil   Oxford   Labour and industrial organization in the Indian coal-mining industry, 1900-1939   Colin P SIMMONS   Prof P Mathias
1974   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Nationalism and Indian politics: the Indian National Congress, 1934-1942   B R TOMLINSON   Dr A Seal
1974   PhD   Hull   The European plantation rubber industry in South East Asia, 1876-1921   Phin Keong VOON
1974   PhD   London, SOAS   British scholarship and Muslim rule in India: the work of William Erskine, Sir Henry Elliot, John Dowson, Edwards Thomas, J Talboys Wheeler and Henry J Keene   Tripta WAHI   Dr P Hardy
1974   PhD   Cambridge, Tinity   The society and politics of the Madras Presidency, 1880-1920   D A WASHBROOK   Dr A Seal
1974   PhD   Hull   The Saribas Malays of Sarawak: their social and economic organisation and system of values   BIN kLING ZAINAL
1974/75   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Landlords, planters and colonial rule: a study of tensions in Bengal rural society, c. 1830-1860   Chittabrata PALIT   Prof E T Stokes
1974/75   PhD   London, SOAS   The Khilafat movement in India, 1919-1924   M Naeem QURESHI   SDr Moore
1974/75   PhD   Birmingham   A multisectoral model for manpower and educational planning in Sri Lanka   T W Y RANAWEERA
1974/75   MSc   Cambridge Trinity   The extraction and use of surplus in India and China, 1950-1960   Chiranjivi Shumshere THAPA
1975   MSc   Strathclyde   Foreign indebtedness and debt servicing capacity of Pakistan, 1955-1970   M K ACHIGZAI
1975   MSc   London, LSHTM   Mortality and fertility trends in Orissa, 1951-1972   V AHMAD
1975   PhD   Edinburgh   Industrialisation and the problems of access to finance of small and medium sized forms in Ceylon   C A BALASURIYA
1975   MA   Ulster   Bangladesh: a divided Pakistan   N J BEST
1975   PhD   Manchester   Science and politics in India: accountability of scientific research policy structures, 1952-1970   B BHANEJA
1975   MSc   Salford   Factionalism and party building in India with special reference to the State of Rajasthan   R BHARGAVA
1975   MSc   Wales, Swansea   Population planning in Bangladesh   A R BHUIYAN   Mr J Whetton
1975   PhD   Lancaster   As assessment of the economic effects of a customs union among the South Asian countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka   M A R BHUYAN
1975   PhD   London   The East India Company and its army, 1600-1778   G J BRYANT   Dr P J Marshall
1975   DPhil   sussex   The effects of external assistance on economic development: the case of Sri Lanka   A CHANDRA-RANDENI
1975   PhD   Leeds   The marketing of cotton in Pakistan   I U CHAUDHRY
1975   MSc   Wales, Swansea   Social welfare services in Pakistan: the integration of state and welfare activity   A CHOUDRY   Jim Whetton
1975   PhD   Londond, Wye   Factors influencing India’s exports since 1950   Kashmir Singh DHINDSA
1975   DPhil   Oxford   The journals and memoirs of British travellers and residents in India in the late 18th century and the 19th century prior to the Mutiny   Ketaki K DYSON   Dr C M Ing
1975   PhD   London, SOAS   The structure of politics in South India, 1918-1939: conflict and adjustment in Madras City   J A ELLIS
1975   MA   Sussex   The Vidhan Sabha election, Uttar Pradash, India, of February 1974   J GOODMAN
1975   MPhil   London, UC   Problems of port development in Sri Lanka, with special reference to Colombo   Daya Somalatha GUNATILLAKE
1975   DPhil   Sussex   Peasant agitations in Kheder District, Gujerat, 1917-1934   D R HARDIMAN   Mr P K Chaudhuri
1975   MSc   Wales, Swansea   Organisation and staffing needs in four state social services departments in Malaysia   Kamariah Mohd ISMAIL   Mr C Gore
1975   MScEcon   Wales   Economic development and the problem of unemployment with special reference to Bangladesh   Halim JAHANGIR
1975   PhD   Edinburgh   Public sector investment in the direct development of urban housing in Sri Lanka (Ceylon)   M E JOACHIM
1975   DPhil   Sussex   The relation between land settlement and party politics in Uttar Pradesh, India, 1950-69, with special reference to the formulation of the Bharatiya Kranti Dal   M H JOHNSON
1975   PhD   London, SOAS   Business, labour and opposition movements in the politics of Ahmedabad City, 1960-1972   Bharti KANSARA   Prof W H Morris-Jones
1975   MLitt   Aberdeen   South Asian international relations since rthe emergence of Bangladesh   A KHAN
1975   MA   Sussex   The Congress split of 1969: a study in factional and ideological conflicts   H KINASE-LEGGETT
1975   PhD   London   Legal aspects of stage carriage licensing in India   P LEELAKRISHNAN
1975   PhD   London, SOAS   Economics of higher yielding varieties of rice with special reference to a south Indian district…West Godavari (Andhra Pradesh)   S MADHAVAN   Mr T J Byres
1975   DPhil   Sussex   Political change in an Indian state: Mysore, 1910-1952   James G MANOR   Prof A Low; Dr Reeves
1975   PhD   Leeds   Financial institutions and private investment in Pakistan, 1955/56 to 1969/70   A M M MASIH   Finance
1975   MPhil   London, UC   Self-help in Hyderabad’s urban development   Catherine Anne MEDE
1975   PhD   London, LSE   An analysis of the economy and social organisation of the the Malapantara – a south Indian hunting and gathering people   Brian MORRIS
1975   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   The Indian National Congress and political mobilization in the United Provinces, 1926-1934   G PANDEY

Mr D K Fieldhouse
1975   PhD   Edinburgh   A prototype system for the control of land use and settlements in the planned development of Bangladesh   A M A QUAZI
1975   PhD   London, Inst Comm   The emergence of Bangladesh as a sovereign state   Mizanur RAHMAN
1975   DPhil   Oxfird, Linacre House   Some aspects of the Indian government’s policy of state railways, 1869-1884   V SHANMUGASUNDARAM   Prof K Ballhatchet
1975   PhD   Edinburgh   Changing patterns of cropland use in Bist Doab, Punjab, 1951-1968   Gurjeet SINGH
1975   PhD   London, LSE   A demographic analysis of the sterilization programme in the Indian states, 1957-1973   Veena SONI   Prof D Glass
1975   MLitt   St Andrews   Tax revenue forecasting in a developing economy with special reference to India   D K SRIVASTAVA
1975   DPhil   Sussex   The British in Malabar, 1792-1806   B S W SWAI   Prof D A Low; Dr P Reeves
1975   PhD   London, SOAS   The cotton trade and the commercial development of Bombay, 1855-1875   Antonia M VICZIANY   Dr K N Chaudhuri
1975   PhD   London, SOAS   The Moplah rebellion of 1921-1922 and its genesis   Conrad WOOD
1975/76   PhD   Birmingham   Significance of size in Indian public limited companies   N P NAYAR
1975/76   DPhil   Oxford, Trinity   British policy and the political impasse in India during the viceroyalty of Lord Linlithgow   Gowher RIZVI
1976   MPhil   London, UC   Development of printing in Urdu, 1743-1857   Nazir AHMAD   Mr R Staveley
1976   PhD   London, SOAS   The beginnings of British rule in Upper Burma: the study of British policy and Burmese reaction, 1885-1890   Muhammad S ALI   Prof C D Cowan
1976   MLitt   Glasgow   Jute in the agrarian history of Bengal, 1870-1914: a study in primary production   M W ALI   Prof S Checkland; Mr J F Munro
1976   PhD   Cambridge, Queen’s   Private industrial investment in Pakistan   Rashid AMJAD   Mr M A King
1976   PhD   London, SOAS   The Tamil renaissance and Dravidian nationalism, 1905-1944, with special reference to the works of Maraimalai Atikal   K Nambi AROORAN   Prof K Ballhatchet
1976   PhD   Lancaster   Regional dualism: a case study of Pakistan, 1947/48 to 1969/70   M AZHAR-UD-DIN
1976   PhD   London, SOAS   Patterns of rural development in Tamil Nadu   Robert Wilfred BRADNOCK
1976   DPhil   Sussex   Patterns of tractorization in the major rice growing areas of Sri Lanka   M N CARR
1976   DPhil   Oxford, St John’s   Aspects of the registration and legal control of trade unions in India with some comparative observations   B K CHANDRASHEKAR
1976   MSc   Heriot-Watt   The development of tourism in Sri Lanka(Ceylon)with special reference to Nuwara Elyia   E G DHARMASIRIWARANDE
1976   MPhil   Edinburgh   Some guidelines for a spatial framework for regional planning in Sri Lnaka   N D DICKSON
1976   PhD   London, UC   Some problems relating to constitutional amendments in India   Bhubaneswar DUTTA
1976   MA   Sheffield   An examination of the letters and papers of a Wesleyan missionary (the Rev. James John Ellis of India, 1883-1962   J ELLIS   Prof J Atkinson; Dr J C G Binfield
1976   DPhil   Sussex   Caste and Christianity: a study of the development and influence of attitudes and policies concerning caste held by Protetsant Anglo-Saxon missions in India   D B FORRESTER
1976   DPhil   Sussex   Sri Lanka and the powers: an investigation into Sri Lanka’s relations with Britain, India, US, Soviet Union and China, 1948-1974   Birty GAJAMERAGEDARA   Coral Bell
1976   PhD   Cambridge, Selwyn   Bombay city businessmen and politics, 1918-1933: the politics of indigenous colonial businessmen in relation to rising nationalism and a modernising economy   A D D GORDON   Prof J A Gallagher
1976   MSc   Wales, UWIST   The impact of the Central Freight Bureau of Sri Lanka on liner conferences and trade patterns   M H GUNARATNE
1976   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   Programming for a balanced development of modern industries in Bangladesh   A K Md HABIBULLAH   Prof P N Mathur
1976   MPhil   East Anglia   Techniques and management of annual planning with reference to Bangladesh   Shamsul HAQUE
1976   MSc   Wales, Swansea   Employment planning in Sri Lanka   Nimal HETTIARATCHY
1976   PhD   Cambridge, Christ’s   Agrarian structure and land productivity in Bangladesh: an analysis of farm level data   Mahabub HOSSAIN   Mrs S Paine
1976   PhD   Glasgow   Factor price distortions in Bangladesh   M M HUQ
1976   PhD   London, SOAS   A quantitative study of price movements in Bengal during the 18th and 19th centuries   A S M A HUSSAIN   Dr K N Chaudhuri
1976   MPhil   London   A study of 19th century historical work on Muslim rule in Bengal: Charles Stewart to Henry Beveridge   Muhammad D HUSSAIN   Dr P Hardy
1976   MSc   Wales   Construction and use of new system of national accounts for Sri Lanka   Siripala IPALAWATTE   Prof P N Mathur
1976   PhD   London, LSE   Factor intensity and labour absorption in manufacturing industries: the case of Bangladesh   R ISLAM   Prof A Sen; Dr Dasgupta
1976   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   An investigation into the effect of farm structure on resource productivitiy in selected areas of Bangladesh   Md Abdul JABBAR
1976   PhD   London, Inst Comm   India in the British Commonwealth: the problem of diplomatic representation 1917-1947   James L KEMBER   Dr T Reese
1976   PhD   Aberdeen   International relations in the South Asian sub-continent since the emergence of Bangladesh: conflict or co-operation ?   Ataur Rahman KHAN
1976   MSc   Strathclyde   Indian decision making and the Sino-Indian boundary conflict   R LOUDIS
1976   PhD   Glasgow   Regional disparities and structural change in an underdeveloped economy: a case study of India   M MAJMUDAR
1976   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Radical nationalism in India, 1930-1942: the role of the All India Congress Socialist Party   Z M MASANI
1976   PhD   London, SOAS   Political leadership among the Hindu community in Calcutta, 1857-1885   John G McGUIRE   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1976   MPhil   Leeds   Public enterprise and the economic development of Pakistan: a study of the relationship between industrial finance corporations and the development of the private sector   I MEHDI
1976   PhD   Manchester   Marketing of social products: family planning in Bangladesh   M A MIYAN
1976   PhD   London, UC   History of printing in Bengali characters up to 1866   Hussain Khan MOFAKHKHAR
1976   PhD   Cambridge, Christ’s   An Indian rural society: aspects of the structure of rural society in the United Provinces, 1860-1920   P J MUSGRAVE   Prof E T Stokes
1976   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   The British in India, 1740-1763: a study in imperial expansion into Bengal   J B NICHOL   Prof E T Stokes
1976   PhD   London, LSE   Education and educated manpower in Bangladesh: a study of development after the 1947 partition   M NURUZZAMAN   Dr C M Phillips
1976   PhD   Manchester   The sensitivity of the demand for Indian exports to world prices: a study of particular commodities   N G PEERA
1976   PhD   Glasgow   Some methodological aspects of the cost benefit analysis of irrigation projcts: a case study of the Telegana region of India   Gautam PINGLE   Mr E RAdo; Dr R P Sinha
1976   DPhil   Oxford, St John’s   The role of India in imperial defence beyond its frontiers and home waters, 1919-1939   J O RAWSON   Prof N H Gibbs
1976   PhD   London, LSE   Towards a spatial strategy for Indian development   L R SATIN
1976   PhD   London, SOAS   Municipal markets of Calcutta: three case studies   Mondira SINHA RAY
1976   PhD   London, SOAS   Munda religion and social structure   Hilary STANDING
1976   PhD   London, SOAS   Pakistan: a geopolitical analysis, 1947-1974   Arif Hassan SYED
1976   MSc   Wales, Swansea   Child welfare planning in India   Kalyani Sarojini THADI
1976   PhD   Aston   Techno-economic aspects of the competitive position of natural rubber with special reference to the natural rubber industry in Sri Lanka   G VARATHUNGARAJAN
1976   PhD   Cambridge, Sidney   The impact of tariff protection on Indian industrial growth, 1918-1939, with special reference to the steel, cotton mill and sugar industries   D M WAGLE   Dr W J Macpherson
1976   DPhil   Sussex   The use of project appraisal techniques in the Indian public sector: a case study of the fertiliser industry   John WEISS
1976   PhD   London, SOAS   Decisions and analogy: political structure and discourse among the Ho tribes of India   Michael Piers YORKE
1976/77   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Living saints and their devotees: a study of guru cults in urban Orissa   Deborah Anne SWALLOW   Prof E R Leach
1977   PhD   London, LSE   The jute manufacturing industry of Bangladesh, 1947-1974   Q K AHMAD
1977   DPhil   Oxford   The Bengal Muslims, circa 1871-1906: the re-definition of identity   R AHMED
1977   PhD   Hull   The Boria: a study of a Malay theatre in its socio-cultural context   RAHMAN AZMAN
1977   PhD   London,SOAS   Guardianship in South Asia with special reference to alienation and limitation   M BADARUDDIN
1977   PhD   Lancaster   The image of Gandhi in the Indo-Anglican nove   D CHATTERJEE
1977   PhD   Cambridge, Selwyn   Lancashire cotton trade and British policy in India, 1919-1939   Basudev CHATTERJI
1977   PhD   Aberdeen   Doctrinal and exegetical issues in the Hindu-Christian debate during the nineteenth century Bengal renaissance with special reference to St Paul’s teaching on the religions of the nations   Chee Pang CHOONG
1977   PhD   Glasgow   Technological change in agriculture: the development experience of Tamil Nadu   M D’SA
1977   PhD   Cambridge, Selwyn   Indigo plantations and agrarian society in North Bihar in the 19th and early 20th centuries   C M FISHER   Prof E Stokes
1977   PhD   Edinburgh   Some aspects of the colonial administration in Ceylon, 1855-1865   Alison C FORBES   Dr T J Barron
1977   PhD   Manchester   A model of manpower planning for India   R D GAIHA
1977   PhD   East Anglia   Paddy and rice marketing in Northern Tamil Nadu, India   Barbara HARRISS
1977   PhD   East Anglia   Technological change in agriculture and agrarian social structure in Northern Tamil Nadu   John Charles HARRISS
1977   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Indian National congress and the Indian Muslims (1916-1928)   M HASAN   Dr A Seal
1977   MEd   Wales, Aberystwyth   Television strategies for health education in Pakistan   Muhammad Anwar HASSAN
1977   PhD   London, UC   The tax burden on Bangladeshi agriculture – a welfare economics approach   M HUQ
1977   PhD   Durham   Differentiation, polarisation and confrontation in rural Bangladesh   B K JAHANGIR
1977   DPhil   Oxford, St Hugh’s   Gangaguru: the public and private life of a Brahmin community of North India   A S JAMESON
1977   PhD   Edinburgh   A Bangladeshi town’s elite: a sociological study   F KHAN
1977   MPhil   London, King’s   South Asia Muslims and the ocncept of equality with reference to the 20th century   M LAHLOU   Dr P Hardy
1977   PhD   London, SOAS   Evaluation of integrated rural development project in Pakistan   W E LOVETT
1977   PhD   London   Depression kills more than a self: concepts of mental distress among Pakistanis   R MALIK
1977   PhD   London, SOAS   The origins and early years of the British Committee of the Indian National Congress, 1885-1907   Margot I MORROW   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1977   MPhil   London, SOAS   Caste, rituals and strategies   Rina NAYAR
1977   PhD   Edinburgh   The directors of the East India Company, 1754-1790   J G PARKER   Dr J N M Maclean; Prof V G Kiernan
1977   PhD   Hull   Anglo-Burmese relations, 1795-1826   Gandadharan Padmanabhan RAMACHANDRA
1977   PhD   Leicester   The development of local transport in Bangladesh   Abu REZA
1977   DPhil   Sussex   An analysis of the export performance and policies of Bangladesh since 1950 with special reference to the income and employment implications of trade in manufactures   S A L REZA
1977   DPhil   Sussex   A study of political elites in Bangladesh, 1947-1970   Rangalal SEN   Prof T B Bottomore
1977   PhD   Leeds   Organisation and leadership of industrial labour in Karachi, Pakistan   Z A SHAHEED
1977   PhD   Kent   A monetary macro-economic model for India, 1951/52-1965/66   M A SHAHI
1977   MLitt   Cambridge, Girton   The Congress ministry in Bombay, 1937-1939   Rani SHANKAREDASS   Prof J Gallagher
1977   mpHIL   Edinburgh   A comparative study of development policies in Pakistan, 1955-1970   S H SYED
1977   MPhil   London, Birkbeck   Differences between the UK and Indian management attitudes to organization development (OD) and manpower planning: a comparative study   M N THAKUR
1977   PhD   London, LSE   Anglo-Indian economic relations, 1913-1928: with special reference to the cotton trade   James David TOMLINSON   Mr M E Falkus; Mr D E Baines
1977/78   PhD   Cambridge, Selwyn   Thje unemployment problem and development planning in Pakistan   Ghazy bin Subh-o MUHJAHID   Mr D A S Jackson
1977/78   PhD   London, LSE   Economic inequality and group welfare: theory and application in Bangladesh   S R OSMANI   Prof A Sen
1977/78   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   The interrelation of agriculture and industry in a developing country: the case of Bangladesh   A H WAHIDUDDIN MAHMUD   Dr R M Goodwin
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   The economic and social organization of selected Mohmand Pukhtun settlements   Akbar S AHMED
1978   MPhil   Leeds   Disguised unemployment in the rural sector in Bangladesh   A H W M ALAM
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   British policy towards the Indian states, 1905-1939   S R ASHTON   Dr B N Pandey
1978   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Lord Willington and India, 19192-1936   George W BERGSTROM   Dr A F Madden
1978   DPhl   Sussex   Inequality, demand, structures and employment: the case of India   R BERRY
1978   PhD   Edinburgh   The Kui people: changes in belief and practice   Barbara Mather BOAL
1978   MPhil   Sussex   Islam in India since the partition of the sub-continent: issues in self-definition   J A BOND
1978   PhD   Leicester   The civil and military patronage of the East India Company, 1784-1840   John Michael BOURNE
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   The history of Janakpurdham: a study of asceticism and the Hindu polity   Richard BURGHART
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   The Hindu family firm and its future in the light of Indian tax law   S C CHAKRABORTY
1978   PhD   Exeter   The production and trade of rice and cotton in Pakistan with special reference to exports to the European Community   M A CHOUDHRY
1978   DPhil   Oxford   The colonial police and anti-terrorism: Bengal 1930-1936, Palestine 1837-1947 and Cyprus 1955-1959   D J CLARK   Prof M E Howard
1978   DPhil   Oxford, Hertford   International trade and payments and economic policy in Ceylon during 1938/1953: a case study in the economics of independence   D C DOLAWATTA   Mr R W Bacon
1978   MPhil   Leicester   An econometric model of consumer behaviour in India, 1950/51-1972/73   A GHATAK
1978   PhD   Durham   Kinship and ritual in a South Indian micro-region   Anthony GOOD
1978   PhD   Cambridge, Wolfson   Pineapples from Sri Lanka: the export potential of fresh fruit in relation to some aspects of post-harvest deterioration   S J GOONERATNE   Dr P H Lowings
1978   PhD   London   The law of homicide in Pakistan   M HANIF

1978   PhD   Cranfield   Inter-urban bus operation in Bangladesh: a comparative study of the efficiency of the public and private bus sectors   M ISLAM
1978   PhD   Lancaster   Religion and moderenisation: a case study of interactions between Christianity, Hinduism and modernisation in Northern Orissa, 1947-197   A KANJAMALA
1978   PhD   Manchester   Analysis of industrial efficiency in Pakistan, 1959/60 to 1969/70   A R KEMAL
1978   PhD   Cambridge   Indian business and nationalist politics, 1931-1939: the political attitude of the indigenous capitalist class in relation to the crisis of the colonial economy   Claude MARKOVITS   Dr A Seal
1978   PhD   Lancaster   Herman Merivale and the British Empire. 1806-1874, with special reference to British North America, Southern Africa and India   D T McNAB   Dr J M MacKenzie
1978   DPhil   Oxford.    The era of civillisation: British policy for the Indians of the Canadas, 1830-1860   John Sheridan MILLOY   Dr F Madden
1978   PhD   Exeter   An analysis of the world jute economy and its implications for Bangladesh   M G MOSTAFA
1978   PhD   Surrey   Causes of educated unemployment in less developed countries: the case of Sri Lanka   T PERERA
1978   PhD   Leeds   Public expenditure growth and its role in developing countries: the case of Bangladesh   A H PRAMANIK
1978   DPhil   Sussex   Capacity utilisation and labour employment in large scale manufacturing plant in Bangladesh   Alimur RAHMAN   B Dasgupta
1978   MPhil   Liverpool   A study in some aspects of demand and supply of food in a rapidly expanding population: the case of Bangladesh   F RAHMAN
1978   PhD   Essex   Tenancy and production behaviour in agriculture: a study of Bangladesh agriculture   K M RAHMAN
1978   MPhil   Leeds   The political economy of inflation: a case study of Bangladesh, 1959-1975   Syed Z SADEQUE
1978   PhD   Wales, InstSciTech   Spatial impact of growth poles in the context of regional development planning: a case study in the Ranchi Region (Bihar), India   Suranjit Kumar SAHA
1978   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Agrarian structure, technology and marketed surplus in the Indian economy   A SAITH
1978   MPhil   London, LSE   The Cominterm and the Communist Party of India, 1920-1929   Dushka Hyder SAIYID   Prof J Joll
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   Relations between Roman Catholics and Hindus in Jaffna, Ceylon, 1900-1926: a study of religious encounter   N M SAVERIMUTTU   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   Legal aspects of public enterprise in India and Tanzania: a comparative study   A SEN
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   The life and writings of Sir John William Kaye, 1814-1876   Nihar Nandan Prasad SING
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   Some aspects of education and educational administration in the Madras Presidency between 1870 and 1898: a study of British educational policy in India   S SRIVASTAVA   Mr J Harrison
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   Public expenditure and state accumulation in India, 1960-1970   John F J TOTE   Mr T J Byres
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   Law and order in Oudh, 1856-1877   D B TRIVEDI   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1978   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   Periodic markets in south Bihar, India   Sudhir Vyankatesh WANMALI    Dr GP Chapman Mr BH Farmer
1978   PhD   Brunel   Job satisfaction and labour turnover among women workers in Sri Lanka   W T WEERAKOON
1978   PhD   London, SOAS   Gandhists and socialists: the struggle for control of the Indian National Congress, 1931-1939   James Carroll WILSON
1978   MPhil   London, Insti Comm   Political conflict and regionalism: Orissa, 1938-1948   T W WOLF   Prof W H Morris-Jones
1979   MPhil   Edinburgh   National parks planning in Malaysia   A K bin ABANG MORSHIDI
1979   PhD   Cambridge   Labour market and labour utilisation in Bangladesh agriculture: an analysis of farm level data   Iqbal AHMED
1979   PhD   London, SOAS   The history of the city of Dacca, 1840-1884   S U AHMED   Mr Harrison
1979   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   Sugar cane cultivation in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh c.1890-1940: a study in the interrelations between capitalistic enterprise and a dependent peasantry   S AMIN   Dr Raychaudhuri
1979   PhD   London, UC   Occupational and spatial mobility among shanty dwellers in Poona: a study of selected settlements and implications for housing policy   M M BAPAT
1979   MLitt   Oxford, St Antony’s   The Punjab and recruitment to the Indian Army (1846-1918)   D BRIEF
1979   PhD   Keele   UN India Pakistan Observation Mission (UNIPOM), 1965-1966   S CHAUHDRY
1979   PhD   Wales   Local government finance in Bangladesh   Amirul Islam CHOWDHURY   Mr J Eaton
1979   PhD   Warwick   Interrelationships between income redistribution and economic growth with special reference to Sri Lanka   H M A CODIPPILY
1979   MPhil   London, SOAS   The constitutional history of Sri Lanka with special reference to the judiciary   M J A COORAY
1979   PhD   London, SOAS   Local politics in Bengal, Midnapur District   Swapan DAS GUPTA
1979   PhD   Edinburgh   Government and princes: India 1918-1939   G J DOUDS
1979   PhD   Manchester   The establishment of nuclear industry in less developed countries: the cases of Argentine, Brazil and India   M DUAYER DE SOUZA
1979   DPhil   Sussex   Levels, the communication of programmes and sectional strategies in Indian politics with reference to the Bharatiya Kranti Dal and the Republican Party of India in Uttar Pradesh State and Aligarh District (UP)   R I DUNCAN
1979   DPhil   Oxford, Keble   An anthropological analysis of the identity of the educated Bengali Muslim middle class of Calcutta, India   P J K EADE   Prof M Freeman
1979   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   Bombay peasants and Indian nationalism: a study of economic change and political activity in the Bombay countryside, 1919-1939   Simon J M EPSTEIN
1979   DPhil   Sussex   Bilateral trade and payments agreements as an instrument of trade policy in Ceylon, 1952-1971   L S FERNANDO   D Wall
1979   DPhil   Oxford   Military aid as a factor in Indo-Soviet relations, 1961-1971   P C GERHARDT
1979   PhD   Manchester   Image makers of Kumartuli: the transformation of a caste-based industry in a slum quarter of Calcutta   Beth GOLDBLATT
1979   PhD   Lancaster   Achieving national development in the Third World: a systems study [Sri Lanka and Venezuela]   P W GUNAWARDENA
1979   PhD   London, SOAS   Industrial development of Bengal, 1902-1939   A Z M IFTIKHAR-UL-AWWAL
1979   PhD   Cambridge   Afghanistan in British imperial strategy and diplomacy, 1919-1941   Lesley Margaret JACKMAN
1979   DPhil   Sussex   Changing production relations and population in Uttar Pradesh   Vinod K JAIRATH   S Epstein
1979   DPhil   Oxford, Merton   Religion and politics among the Sikhs in the Punjab, 1873-1925   R A KAPUR   Prof R E Robinson
1979   PhD   Aberdeen   Nationalism in Bangladesh   Ataur R KHAN
1979   MLitt   Oxford, Wolfson   Communities in Ceylon: an ethnic perspective on Sinhalese-Tamil relations   P LANGTON   Dr Schuyler-Jones
1979   PhD   London, Wye   An economic analyses of resource use with respect of farm size and tenure in an area of Bangladesh   Md Abdur Sattar MANDAL
1979   DPhil   Oxford   Hindu pilgrimage with particular reference to West Bengal, India   E Alan MORINIS
1979   MPhil   York   Sociolinguistics of language planning: a historical study of language planning in Sri Lanka   Abul Monsur Md Abu MUSA   Dr M W S De Silva
1979   PhD   London, SOAS   Chittagong Port: a study of its fortunes, 1892-1912   S H OSMANY   Mr J B Harrison
1979   PhD   Cambridge, St Cath’s   Punjab peasants and politics: a study of the Lower Chenab Canal, 1890-1020   B J POFF   Prof E Stokes
1979   PhD   Cambridge, Clare   Agrarian structure and capital formation: a study of Bangladesh agriculture with farm level data   Atiqur RAHMAN
1979   PhD   London, SOAS   The non-official British in India, 1883-1920   R K RENFORD
1979   PhD   Aberdeen   The soils of the central Sarawak lowlands, Malaysia   I M SCOTT
1979   PhD   Durham   The socio-cultural determinants of fertility and the population policy in India   M SEKHRI
1979   PhD   St Andrews   Macroeconmic forecasting in developing countries with special reference to fiscal policy: a case study of India   Dinesh K SRIVASTAVA   Dr GK Shaw
1979   PhD   London, SOAS   Emergency powers in the Indian constitution   Jahnavi K P SRIVASTAVA
1979   PhD   London, LSE   Democratic considerations and population policies in development planning: a survey of third world countries with case studies of Bangladesh and Pakistan   B F M STAMFORD   Prof D V Glass
1979   PhD   Edinburgh   The development of British Indology   K B SWANSON
1979   PhD   London, Royal Holloway   Anglo-French diplomacy overseas, 1935-1845, with special reference to West Africa and the Indian Ocean   Rosalind M WALLER   Prof G N Sanderson
1979/80   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   Some aspects of the monetary and financial experience of a mixed economy: the case of Ceylon, 1950-1970   S W R D SARMARASINGHE   Mr M G Kuczynski
1980   MPhil/PhD   London, LSHTM   Sex differential mortality: a study of the status of women in Pakistan   A AHMAD
1980   DPhil   Sussex   Overseas aid and the transfer of technology – agricultural mechanisation in Sri Lanka   D F BURCH   E Brett
1980   PhD   Aberdeen   Aspects of population changes in British colonial Malacca: a study in social geography   Kok Eng CHAN
1980   PhD   London, SOAS   Rural power and debt in Sind in late 19th century, 1865-1901   David CHEESMAN   Dr Zaidi
1980   PhD   London, UC   Optimal development and various public policies: a case study of Bangladesh   Omar H CHOWDHURY   Mr Lal
1980   PhD   Cambridge   The agrarian economy of northern India, 1800-1880: aspects of growth and stagnation in the Doab   S J COMMANDER   Prof Stokes
1980   PhD   Leeds   Methodism and Sinhalese Buddhism: the Wesleyan-Methodist missionary encounter with Buddhism in Ceylon, 1814-1868, with special reference to the work of Robert Spencer Hardy   Barbara A R COPLANS   Dr E M Pye; Dr R C Towler
1980   PhD   London, King’s   British and Indian strategy and policy in Mesopotamia, November 1914-May 1916   P K DAVIS   Dr M L Dockrill
1980   MPhil   Edinburgh   Use of technology: rural industrialization in Sri Lanka   A DE WILDE
1980   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   The Indian Civil Service. 1919-1947   H A EWING   Dr A Seal
1980   PhD   Edinburgh   Devotional music in Mysore   Gordon GEEKIE
1980   MPhil   CNAA   An approach to the assessment and control by developing countries of the economic costs and benefits of their national fleets, with particular reference to Sri Lanka   M D H GUNATILLAKE
1980   DPhil   Sussex   Development of capitalism in agriculture in Pakistan with special reference to the Punjab Province   S A HUSSAIN
1980   PhD   Cambridge   Popular Christianity, caste and Hindu society in south India, 1800-1915: a study of Travancore and Tirunelveli   Susan Banks KAUFMANN
1980   PhD   Edinburgh   The cost and effictiveness of export incentive schemes in Pakistan, 1950-1970   Mohammad KHAYRAT
1980   PhD   London, SOAS   The city of Lucknow before 1856 and its buildings   Rosaleen M LLEWELLYN-JONES   Dr Chaudhuri
1980   PhD   Manchester   Domestic worship and the festival cycle in the south Indian city of Madurai   Penelope LOGAN
1980   PhD   Leeds   The policy of the government of India towards Afghanistan, 1919-1947   C MAPRAYIL   Prof D Dilks
1980   PhD   Strathclyde   Appropriate products, employment and income distribution in Bangladesh and Ghana: a case study of the soap industry   A K A MUBIN
1980   PhD   Manchester   Choice and transfer of technology: the case of modernization of dairying in India   S K MUKERJI
1980   DPhil   Oxford   The rebellion in Awadh, 1857-1858: a study in popular resistance   R MUKHERJEE
1980   DPhil   Sussex   The Muriya and Tallot Mutte: a study of the concept of the earth among the Muriya Gonds of Bastar District, India   Terrell POPOFF
1980   DPhil   Oxford   Saving in Pakistan, 1950-1977: estimation and analysis   M Z M QURESHI
1980   PhD   Durham   A study of the status of women in Islamic law and society with special reference to Pakistan   S F SAIFI
1980   PhD   London, SOAS   The political economy of rural poverty in Bangladesh   K U SIDDIQUI   Mr T J Byres
1980   DPhil   Sussex   Export led industrial development: the case of Sri Lanka   Upanda VIDANAPATHIRANA   Mr Godfrey
1980   PhD   London   Foreign investment law and policy of India: the control of private direct foreign investment   S L WATKINS
1980   PhD   Kent   The little businessman of Bukit Timah: a study of the economic, social and political organisation of traders in a market complex in Singapore   C W WONG
1981   PhD   London, External   An analysis of academic libraries in the Punjab (Pakistan)and proposals for their future development   Nazir AHMAD
1981   DPhil   Sussex   Institutional structure, income distribution and economic development: a case study of Pakistan   S E AHMAD   R Jolly; P Chaudhuri
1981   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   Productivity, prices and distribution in Pakistan’s manufacturing sector, 1955-1970   Meekal A AHMED   Mr Z A Silberston
1981   PhD   Birmingham   Pakistani entrepreneurs, their development, characteristics and attitudes   Zafar ALTAF
1981   MPhil   Reading   Approaches to the optimisation of calving interval in large dairy herds in Sri Lanka   V ARIYAKUMAR
1981   DPhil   Sussex   Adoption of high-yielding varieties of paddy: a case study of Bangladesh agriculture   M ASADUZZAMAN
1981   MPhil   Oxford   Alternative approaches to the analysis of Indian agriculture: an evaluation   P BALAKRISHNAN
1981   MLitt   Oxford, Balliol   The Indian state and the state of emergency   Ashis BANERJEE   Mr N Maxwell
1981   DPhil   Oxford, St Cath’s   Migration theory with special reference to Delhi   B BANERJEE   Prof I M D Little
1981   PhD   London, SOAS   Evaluation of changes brought about by resettlement scheme in Sri Lanka   G S BETTS
1981   PhD   Newcastle   Genetic variation and structure in selected populations of India   S M S CHAHAL
1981   PhD   London, LSE   Commercial policy and industrialization with special reference to India since independence   S CHATTERJEE   Prof T Scitovsky
1981   PhD   Edinburgh   The politics and technology ofsharing the Ganges   B CROW
1981   PhD   Hull   Karst water studies and environment in West Malaysia   J CROWTHER
1981   DPhil   Sussex   Land and politics in West Bengal: a sociological study of a multicaste village   A S DASGUPTA
1981   DPhil   Sussex   Population trends and changes in village organisation – Rampur revisited   M DASGUPTA   S Epstein; R Cassen
1981   MPhil   London, King’s   A study of female offenders in Sri Lanka and England   S S H DE SILVA
1981   MPhil   Oxford   Educated unemployment in India   D J DONALDSON
1981   DPhil   Sussex   Rules and transactions: some aspects of marriage among the Dhund Abbasi of North East Pakistan   H DONNAN
1981   PhD   London   India’s relations with developing countries: a study of the political economy of Indian investment, aid, overseas banking and insurance   S K DUTT
1981   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   Geomorphology and environmental change in South India and Sri Lanka   Rita A M GARDNER   Dr A S Goudie
1981   PhD   Aberdeen   A study of Bangladesh tea soils with particular reference to the efficiency of phosphatic fertilizers   A K M GOLAM KIBRIA
1981   MPhil   Oxford   Some early British socialists in India   N GOPAL
1981   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   The agrarian economy of the Bombay Deccan, 1818-1941   Sumit GUHA
1981   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Planning for growth and structural change in an under-nourished economy: the case of India   U R GUNJAL   Dr D M Nuti
1981   PhD   Manchester   Buddism, magic and society in a southern Sri Lankan town   M C HODGE
1981   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   An investigation of the impact of British rule in India, c 1820-1860 in the context of political, social and economic continuity and change   D J HOWLETT   Dr G Johnson
1981   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   The origins of the partition of India, 1936-1947   Anita INDER SINGH
1981   PhD   Cambridge   Jinnah, the Muslim League and the demand for Pakistan   A JALAL
1981   PhD   London, Imperial   Supervisory style and work group satisfaction: an empirical study in the textile industry in Sri Lanka   N W N JAYASIRI
1981   MPhil   Sussex   The effect of proximity to urban influence on rural leadership in Sri Lanka   s JAYATILAKE   R Dore
1981   MPhil   London, LSHTM   Relations between estimation biases and response errors in the analysis of a retrospective demographic survey of Bangladesh   Mokbul Ahmed KHAN   Prof W Brass
1981   MTh   Aberdeen   Salvation in a Malaysian context   Boo Wah KHOO
1981   MPhil   Edinburgh   British and Indian post-war new towns: a comparative analysis   D KUMER
1981   PhD   London, LSE   Bhutto, the People’s Pakistan Party and political development in Pakistan,1867-1977   M LODHI
1981   PhD   Bradford   The economics of railway traction with particular reference to India   J MAJUMDAR
1981   PhD   London, SOAS   Law and development in Sri Lanka: an historical perspective, 1796-1989    M L MARASINGHE
1981   PhD   Glasgow   The techno-economic development of the Indian machine tool industry, with special emphasis on aspects affecting efficiency   Ronald G MATTHEWS
1981   PhD   Durham   Spatial patterns of population growth and agricultural change in the Punjab, Pakistan, 1901-1972   M A MIAN
1981   PhD   Cambridge   Patterns of long-run agrarian change in Bombay and Punjab, 1881-1972   S C MISHRA
1981   PhD   Edinburgh   An empirical analysis of export promotion in Pakistan, 1959-1977   K MOHAMMAD
1981   DPhil   Sussex   The state and peasantry in Sri Lanka   M P MOORE
1981   PhD   Warwick   Rural factor markets in Pakistan   I NABI   Prof Stern
1981   PhD   Wales, UCNW   Basic needs fulfillment and the evaluation of land use alternatives with special reference to forestry in Kerala State, India   C T S NAIR
1981   MPhil   Oxford   The structure of Indian society: a study of some aspects of the work of Louis Dumont   S S RANDERIA
1981   DPhil   Sussex   The historical problems of agricultural productivity with special reference to the use of modern technology inputs: a case study of Meerut district in western Uttar Pradesh   Sumit ROY   B Dasgupta
1981   PhD   London, SOAS   The thakur and the goldsmith: aspects of legitimation in an Indian village   Christopher Thomas SELWYN
1981   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity Hall   The agrarian constraint to economic development: the case of India   Abhijit SEN   Mr J A Rowthorn
1981   MPhil   London, LSE   Control and regulation of cotton marketing in India, 1950-1975   J SENGUPTA   Prof B S Yamey
1981   MPhil   Kent   Patani nationalism   O bin SHEIKH AHMAD
1981   PhD   Cambridge, St Edmund’s   Canal irrigation and agrarian change under colonial rule: a study of the UP Doab, India, 1830-1930   Ian Edward STONE
1981   PhD   London   The growth of the Muslim League in the Punjab, 1937-1946   I A TALBOT
1981   MPhil   Brunel   A study of financing of small industries in UK and India   J P TEWARI
1981   DPhil   Sussex   Population, growth and labour utilisation in a rural/urban context: a Sri Lanka case study   W TILAKARATNE
1981   PhD   London, SOAS   Determinants of change in population resource relationships at village level: a study of two south Indian villages   Christopher Louis WILDE
1981   PhD   Bath   Class formation, state intervention and rural development in South Asia   G D WOOD
1981   PhD   London, LSE   The identification of developing Soviet strategy interests in the Indian Ocean, 1968-1974   Rashna Minoo WRITER   Mr P Windsor
1981   PhD   London, SOAS   The impact of canal irrigation on the rural structuresof the Punjab: the canal colony districts, 1880 to 1940   Fareeha ZAFAR
1982   DPhil   Sussex   Capital accumulation, land productivity and agrarian structure in Bangladesh agriculture   M ALAM
1982   PhD   Warwick   Effects of taxation on business in less developed countries with special reference to Sri Lanka   P BENNETT
1982   DPhil   Sussex   Agrarian structure, economic change and poverty: the experience of central Gujerat   BHANWARSINGH
1982   PhD   London, Imperial   Development of the labour process in the Indian electrical industry   B BHUSHAN
1982   PhD   Edinburgh   Energy flows in subsistence agriculture: a study of a dry zone village in Sri Lanka   Jan Roderic BIALY
1982   PhD   Cambridge   Conjugal units and single persons: an analysis of the social system of the Naiken of the Nilgirirs (South India)   Nirut BIRD
1982   PhD   Aberdeen   A sociological study of the development of social classes and social structure of Bangladesh   B M CHODWHURY
1982   PhD   Salford   Foreign aid and economic development: a case study of Pakistan with special reference to poverty and income distribution   M K CHOUDHARY
1982   PhD   Cabridge   A study of cotton-weaving in Bangladesh: the relative advantages and disadvantages of handloom weaving and factory production   Nuimuddin CHOWDHURY
1982   DPhil   Sussex   Technological innovation in agriculture in India: an analysis of economic policy and political pressures   F C CLIFT
1982   DPhil   Sussex   Open unemployment and poverty in the rural sector in Sri Lanka   I COOMARASWAMY
1982   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   The jute economy of Bengal, 1900-1947: unequal interaction between the industrial, trading and agricultural sectors   O GOSWAMI   Dr Raychaudhuri
1982   DPhil   Sussex   Changing socio-economic relations in a Kandyan countryside   P N GUNASINGHE   S Epstein
1982   MPhil   Leeds   Recovery of gemstones from river gravels in Sri Lanka   S M HERATH BANDA
1982   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   The changing structure of cotton textile production in Bengal under the impact of the East India Company, 1750-1813, and the textile producers of Bengal   Hameeda HOSSAIN   Dr T Raychaudhuri
1982   MPhil   Sussex   The difference between ideological planning and service performance and the problems of differential access to agricultural credit in Bangladesh: the case of the integrated rural development programme   Sajjad HUSSAIN
1982   PhD   London, LSE   Boundary problems in South Asia   K H KAIKOBAD   Prof I Brownlie
1982   DPhil   Sussex   Spring Valley: a social, anthropological and historical enquiry into the impact of the tea estates upon a Sinhalese village in the Uva Highlands of Sri Lanka   C P KEMP
1982   DPhil   Oxford, Trinity   Pakistan’s relations with the USA, the USSR, China and India from the Sino-Indian war of 1962 to the Simla Pact   Mohamed Jameelur Rehman KHAN   Dr S Rose
1982   PhD   London   Aspects of the urban history, social, administrative and insttitutional of Dacca City, 1921-1947   Nazia KHANUM   Mr J B Harrison
1982   MPhil   Cambridge, Magdalene   The British policy of withdrawal from India: in particular with reference to its impact on the subsequent political development of India   S W KIM   Mr C Barnett
1982   DPhil   Oxford, New   The Indian coal industry after nationalisation   Rajiv KUMAR   Mr S Lall
1982   PhD   Lonon, SOAS   Industrial location and regional policy in south India   James William MACKIE   Dr Bradnock
1982   PhD   Cambridge   Women’s work and economic power in the family: a study of two villages in West Bengal   Linda Catherine MAYOUX
1982   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   Construction of capital and labour coefficient matrices for the India economy and their use in framing a development plan   Deba Kumar Datt MAZUMDAR   Prof F N Mathur
1982   PhD   Edinburgh   Relativization in Bengali   A K M MORSHED
1982   PhD   London, LSE   India and the EEC, 1962-1973   Bishakha MUKHERJEE
1982   PhD   Keele   Social aspects of production and reproduction in Bonda society   Bikram N NANDA
1982   MPhil   Reading   The evaluation and control of constraints on the development of dairying in the Jaffna District of Sri Lanka   A NAVARATNARAJAH
1982   DPhil   Sussex   Social change and class relations in rural Sri Lanka   U L PERERA   R Dore
1982   PhD   Manchester   An evaluationof the problems of measuring the profit performance of multinational enterprise in less developed countries: a case study of Bangladesh   M Z RAHMAN
1982   DPhil   Sussex   Villagers education aspirations and their relationship to rural development: a south Indian case study   Sudha V RAO   S Epstein
1982   PhD   Cambridge, Corpus   On liberty and economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India   Subroto ROY   Prof F Hahn
1982   PhD   London, LSHTM   Education and fertility in Pakistan   Zeba A SATHAR
1982   PhD   London, LSE   Maintaining non-alignment: India’s political relations with the superpowers in the 1970s   Muhammad Azher Zafar SHAH   Mr C J Hill
1982   DPhil   Sussex   The process of rural change and its impact on income distribution in Gujerat   Bhanwar SINGH   R Cassen
1982   PhD   Leeds   Analytical techniques in agricultural development planning: a critical appraisal of a project for the modernization of an irrigation scheme in Sri Lanka   Nelson VITHANAGE   Mr I G Simpson
1982   PhD   Reading   A biological study of the benefits of intercropping in England and India   N VORASOOT
1982/83   PhD   Birmingham   Pakistan: the energy sector: a study in sector planning   Tariq RIAZ
1982/83   PhD   Cambridge   A study of the development of the sugar industry in Ahmednagar Diustrict, Maharashtra, (with particular reference to the harvesting and carting labourers employed in the industry   Joy RICHARDSON
1982/83   PhD   London, SOAS   Politics and the state in Pakistan, 1947-1975   Mohammad WASEEM
1983   PhD   London, LSHTM   Dimensions of intra-household food and nutrient allocation: a study of a Bangaldeshi village   M ABDULLAH   Ms Wheeler
1983   PhD   Aberdeen   Inter-religious controversy in India: the interpretation of Jesus in the works of Rammohun Roy and Sayyid Ahmad Khan   Muda Ismail bin AB-RAHMAN
1983   DPhil   Oxford   Emerson and India   S ACHARYA
1983   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   The contribution of Elphinstone College to higher education and political leadership in the Bombay Presidency. 1840-1940   Naheed AHMAD   Prof R E Robinson
1983   PhD   London, Inst Comm   The Mujib regime in Bangladesh, 1972-75: an analysis of its problems and performance   A U AHMED
1983   PhD   London, King’s   Chromite deposits of the Sakhakot-Qila ultramafic complex, Pakistan   Zulfiqar AHMED
1983   PhD   Cambridge, St Cath’s   Rural society and politics in Bengal, 1900-1950   Sugata BOSE   Prof T E Stokes
1983   PhD   City   Conflict and communication in the Third World: a study of class and ethnic bases of conflict and relationships between these and the mass media in Pakistan and Nigeria   C M BRYNIN
1983   PhD   London, SOAS   Contemporary problems in Hindu religious endowments   Nihar Ranjan CHAKRABARTI
1983   PhD   Cambridge   Labour and society in Bombay, 1918-1940: workplace, neighbourhood and social organization   R S CHANDAVARKAR   Dr A Seal
1983   MLitt   Oxford, Trinity   The Congress ministers and the Raj, 1937-1939: a style of British policy and Indian politics   Sunil CHANDER   Dr T Raychaudhuri
1983   PhD   London, King’s   Transforming a traditional agriculture: the change from subsistence to commercial cropping in a part of Hazara District, Pakistan   K L COOK
1983   PhD   London, SOAS   Family and business in a small town of Rajasthan   C COTTAM   Dr L Caplan
1983   MPhil   Edinburgh   Towards a national human settlements strategy for Pakistan   M CRAGLIA
1983   PhD   London, SOAS   The urban demography of industrialization and its economic implications, with particular reference to a region of India from 1951 to 1971   Nigel Royden CROOK
1983   PhD   Newcastle   Agricultural export diversification and earnings instability of Sri Lanka   Maxwell Peter DE SILVA
1983   PhD   London, SOAS   British firms and the economy of Burma, with special reference to the rice and teak industries   Maria Serena Icaziano DIOKNO
1983   MPhil   London, UC   Jammu and Kashmir: a selected and annotated bibliography of manuscripts, books and articles together with a survey of its history, languages and literature from Rajatarangini, 1977/8   Ramesh Chander DOGRA
1983   PhD   London, SOAS   Trade unionism in Bengal before 1922: historical origins, development and characteristics   Stephen N GOURLAY   Dr K chaudhuri
1983   PhD   Exeter   Forms of Chhou: an investigation of an Indian theatre tradition   S J HAWKES
1983   PhD   London, Wye   Food production and food entitlement in rural Bangladesh: five year outlook for a small community in an irrigated area   Walza Md Hossaine JAIM   Mr G Allanson
1983   PhD   Cambridge   The economic and social bases of political allegiance in Sri Lanka, 1947-1982   D J JAYANNATHA   Mr G P Hawthonr
1983   PhD   London, SOAS   Domestic terms of trade and agricultural taxation policy in Pakistan, 1970-1977   Shahnaz KAZI   Mr T Byres
1983   PhD   Wales   Production technology and industrial development: India’s planning period   Edward Lawrence LYNK
1983   PhD   London, SOAS   Transport systems and urban growth in Punjab, Pakistan   M K MALIK   Dr R W Bradnock
1983   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Peasant society and agricultural development: a case study from coastal Orissa   S MITRA   Prof J A Barnes
1983   PhD   London   A general information programme for Pakistan: some problems and prospects with special reference to the promotion of cultures in the libraries and other information centres   Rafia MOHADADALLY
1983   PhD   London, UC   A general information programme for Pakistan: some problems and prospects with special reference to the promotion of culture in the libraries and other information centres   Rafia MOHAMMADALLY
1983   PhD   Cranfield   Smallholder mechanization in Pakistan   A Q A MUGHAL
1983   DPhil   Oxford   Madrasahs, scholars and saints: Muslim response to the British presence in Delhi and the Upper Doab, 1803-1857   Farhan Ahmed NIZAMI   Dr T Raychaudhuri
1983   MPhil   Edinburgh   Social consequences of rural economic change in South Asia   O NOTE
1983   PhD   London, SOAS   A study of low caste consciousness and social protest in Western India in the later 19th century   Rosalind O’HANLON   Prof K Ballhatchet
1983   PhD   Bradford   Gandhi as a political organiser; an analysis of local and national campaigns in Inda   B OVERY
1983   PhD   London, SOAS   Contact and controversy between Islam and Christianity in northern India, 1833-1857: the relations between Muslim and Protestant missionaries in the north-western provinces and Oudh   Avril Ann POWELL   Prof K Ballhatchet
1983   DPhil   Sussex   Technological capacity and production performance in the fertilizer and the paper industries in Bangladesh   H A QUAZI
1983   PhD   London, SOAS   Differrentiation of the peasantry in Bangladesh: an empirical study with micro-level data   A RAHMAN   Mr T J Byres
1983   MPhil   Edinburgh   Planning for rural development with particular reference to Bangladesh   A H S RAHMAN   Mr J B Leonard; Prof P Johnson-Marshall
1983   PhD   Birmingham   A study of small indigenous church movements in Andra Pradesh   S RAJ
1983   PhD   London, InstiComm   Problems of organisation, policies and mobilisation in the development of the Bengal Provincial Muslim League, 1936-1947   Mohammed Harun-Or RASHID   Prof W H Morris-Jones
1983   PhD   London, UC   Commodity taxes and employment policy in developing countries (with special reference to India)   B RAYCHAUDHURI
1983   PhD   Edinburgh   Responsiveness and rules: parent-child interaction in Scotland and India   V REDDY
1983   MPhil   Sueery   Alignment in Pakistan’s foreign policy, 1954-1977   Arif H SYED   Prof C Pick
1983   MLitt   Aberdeen   The 1853 Government of India Act   Jane THOMAS   Miss R M RTyzack; Dr E C Bridges
1983   PhD   Cambridge, Corpus   Labour migration and economic development in an Indian hillarea   W WHITTAKER   Mr B H Farmer
1983   PhD   Warwick   Some experiments with a multisectoral intertemporal optimization model for Sri Lanka   D E WIJESINGHE
1984   PhD   Bristol   The socio-economic aspects of the population age structure of Uttar Pradesh, India   Mhammed ABUZAR   Dr Morgan
1984   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Peasant production and capitalist development: a model with reference to Bangladesh   Abu M S ADNAN
1984   PhD   London, LSE   Squatter settlements of Karachi: a comparative perspective of the culture of activism   M O L AZAM
1984   PhD   Cambridge, Sidney   Regional dependence and rural development in Central India, 1820-1930   C N BATES   Dr D A Washbrook
1984   DPhil   Oxford   Agricultural growth in Bangladesh and West Bengal   J K BOYCE
1984   PhD   Edinburgh   The Vellore Mutiny, 1806   Alan D CAMERON   Prof G Shepperson
1984   PhD   Cambridge, Jesus   Opening up the interior: the impact of railways on the north Indian economy and society, 1860-1914   Ian David DERBYSHIRE
1984   PhD   Reading   Technology, growth and distribution in Sri Lanka’s paddy sub-sector   J FARRINGTON
1984   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Non capitalist land rent: theories and the case of North India   J GHOSH   Mr T Byres
1984   PhD   Ulster   The 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava: Whig Ulster landlord and imperial statesman    A T HARRISON   Dr T G Fraser
1984   PhD   Edinburgh   The cultural determinants of fertility in a region of South India   Heather M JACKSON
1984   PhD   London, SOAS   Human rights – the Sri Lanka experience   N JAYAWICKRAMA
1984   PhD   London, Bedford   Urban transport problems: the case of Bombay   P JOSHI   Dr D Hilling
1984   PhD   London, LSE   Caste and temple service in a Sinhalese highland village   Andrew John KENDRICK   Dr J P Perry
1984   PhD   London, SOAS   Tribal settlement and socio-economic integration: a case study of the Bannu lowlands, Pakistan   Gul Mohammad KHAN   Dr R Bradnock
1984   MPhil   Sussex   The effects of the changing patterns of leadership on succession problems and the use of ideology: a comparative study of India (1962-1969)and Japan (1929-1936)   H KINASE-LEGGETT   B D Graham
1984   PhD   London, SOAS   The British administaration of the Kandyan provinces of Sri Lanka, 1815-1833   K M P KULASEKERA   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1984   PhD   Cambridge, Clare   Studies in the development of India’s non-traditional manufactured exports, 1957-1980   A KUMAR   Prof W B Reddaway
1984   DPhil   Sussex   Implications of international mobility of labour for trade and development with particular reference to Bangladesh   Raisul MAHMOOD   Mr Godfrey
1984   MLitt   Oxford, St Antony’s   The Communist Movement in West Bengal. 1962-1980   Ross MALLICK   Dr T Raychaudhuri
1984   PhD   London, SOAS   Role and ritual in Hindu marriage   Werner F MENSKI   Prof J D M Derrott
1984   DPhil   Oxford, Magdalen   Political mobilisation and the nationalism movement in India – a study of eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, 1936-1942   Chandan S MITRA   Dr T Raychaudhuri
1984   PhD   Cambridge, Christ’s   Instability in food grain production: causes, adjustments, policies: a case study of Bangladesh   K A S MURSHID   Prof A Robinson
1984   DPhil   Sussex   Poverty and inequality in rural India: a state-wide analysis of trends since 1950   R NAYYAR   P Chaudhuri
1984   PhD   Edinburgh   Productivity and innovation in traditional agriculture: a comparative study of agricultural development in the Forth Valley, 1760-1841 and the Bengal Presidency, 1870-1914   Alastair William ORR
1984   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Alliance and elopement: economy, social order and sexual antagonism the Kalasha (Kalash Kafirs) of Chitral   Peter S C PARKES   Dr Schuyler-Jones
1984   PhD   Leicester   The structure, petrology and geochemistry of the Kohistan batholith, Gilgit, Kashmir, North Pakistan   Michael George PETTERSON
1984   PhD   Cambridgew   Respecting power: temples, resources and authority in southern Tamilnadu, India   Gordon Darge PRAIN
1984   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   The evolution of the agrarian economy of western India, 1860-1940: a case study of selected Gujerat and Deccan districts   S PRAKASH   Dr G Johnson
1984   PhD   London, LSE   Rural protest and politics: a study of peasant movements in Western Maharashtra, 1875-1947   Livi Nancy Mary RODRIGUES
1984   PhD   London, SOAS   Crime and society in the Sinhala speaking areas of Sri Lanka, 1865-1905   John D ROGERS   Prof K Ballhatchet
1984   MPhil   Nottingham   The right to property under the Indian independence constitution   J S SANGHIA   Prof Pear
1984   PhD   Cambridge   Rural organizations in Sri Lanka: official policy and institutional reform in the peasant agricultural sub-sector, 1948-1977   S SATHANANDAN
1984   PhD   London, SOAS   Muslim society and politics in the Punjab   P SCRAGG   Dr Zaidi
1984   MPhil   London, LSE   Bengal economic development, 1790-1830   P SEN   Mr M E Falkus
1984   PhD   Reading   Tropical forest monitoring using digital Landsat data in northeastern India   Ashbindu SINGH
1984   PhD   Cambridge   Temple “prostitution” and community reform: an examination of the ethnographic, historical and textual context of the devadasi of Tamil Nadu, south India   A SRINAVASAN

1984 PhD Edinburgh Technology transfer in the Indian and Indonesian pharmaceutical industries A J STOKER

1984 PhD London, SOAS, British Attitudes to Indian Nationalism, 1922-1935. Pillarisetti SUDHIR. Professor Kenneth A. Ballhatchet.

1984   PhD   London, SOAS   Ritual status in the life cycles of women in a village of central India   catherine S THOMPSON   Prof A Mayer
1984   DPhil   Sussex   Gender as a variable in the political process: a case study of women’s participation in state-level electoral politics, Andhra Pradesh, India   C WOLKOWITZ
1985   PhD   Strathclyde   The development of small-scale enterprises: a study of the agriculture-related engineering industry in Pakistan Punjab   K AFTAB
1985   PhD   London, Royal Holloway   The emergence of Muslim socialists in North India, 1917-1947   Khizar H ANSARI   Dr F C R Robinson
1985   PhD   Salford   The impact of farm mechanization on productivity and employment: a case study of Punjab, Pakistan   M ASHRAF
1985   PhD   Durham   Blue-green algal nitrogen fixation associated with deepwater rice in Bangladesh   A AZIZ
1985   PhD   London, SOAS   Indian opium and Sino-Indian trade relations   F BAKHALA   Prof K N Chaudhuri
1985   PhD   Cambridge   On the Srawacs or Jains: processes of division and cohesion among two Jain communities in India and England   M J BANKS
1985   PhD   London, SOAS   Martial law in Bangladesh, 1975-`979: a legal analysis   M E BARI
1985   PhD   London, SOAS   Thomas Munro: the decision making process in Madras, 1795-1830   H BREITMEYER   Prof K A Ballhatchet
1985   PhD   London, LSE   Political radicalism and middle class ideology in Bengal: a study of the politics of Subhas Chandra Bose, 1928-1940   B CHAKRABARTY
1985   PhD   Cambridge, Girton   The behaviour of industrial prices in India, 1947-1977   Ruchira CHATTERJI   Dr G Meeks
1985   PhD   Edinburgh   Lateritic soils and their managment in parts of West Bengal   Sandip K CHAUDHURI
1985   PhD   London, SOAS   Social change and the development of “modern” politics in Travancore from the late 19th century to 1938   James L CHIRIYANKANDATH   Dr P G Robb
1985   PhD   Manchester   The role of exchange rate policies in the balance of payments and adjustment process in a small open developing economy: a case study of Sri Lanka   S S COLOMBAGE
1985   DPhil   Sussex   Sharecropping and sharecroppers’ struggles in Bengal, 1930-1950   Adrienne J COOPER   Mr R Guha
1985   MSc   Stirling   The mechanism of distribution of marketed surplus in the models of dual economies through the Soviet, Chinese and Indian practice towards economic development   Z COTTI
1985   PhD   Sheffield   Vegetation and land use studies in the Udawalawe Basin, Sri Lanka   D S EPITAWATTA
1985   PhD   Newcastle   Analysis of the lactation curve of Pakistani dairy buffaloes   K Z GONDAL
1985   DPhil   Oxford, St Edmund Hall   The relations between Britian, India and Burma in the formulaton of imperial policy, 1890-1905   G P GUYER
1985   PhD   Lancaster   The continuity of Madhyamaka and Yogacara in Indian Mahayana Buddhism   I C HARRIS
1985   PhD   London, LSE   Women in the urban labour force in Pakistan: the case of Lahore   Emma HOOPER
1985   PhD   Strathclyde   The choice of technique in cotton textiles and its impact on employment in Bangladesh   M R ISLAM
1985   DPhil   Sussex   The impact of male outmigration on intra-village social relationships: a case study of Meharabad, a Punjabi village in Pakistan   Naveed-I-Rahat JAAFRI
1985   PhD   Edinburgh   Health and the state in India   Roger JEFFERY
1985   PhD   Oxford   Limites and renewals: transformations of belief in Kipling’s fiction   S KEMP
1985   PhD   Queen’s, Belfast   The traditional tabla drumming of Lucknow in its social and cultural context   J R KIPPEN
1985   MPhil   CNAA, Kingston Poly   The rubber industry in India: a vital industry in the planned economy   P A MARS
1985   PhD   Cambridge   Economic relations between a centrally planned and a developing market economy: Indo-Soviet trade (1970-1982)and technology transfer (post 1955)   Santosh Kumar MEHROTRA   Dr P Nolan
1985   DPhil   Oxford   The Bengal Muslim intelligentsia, 1937-1977: the tension between the religious and the seccular   Tazeen Mahnaz MURSHID
1985   PhD   Kent   The impact of colonial rule in Johore: a case of social and political adjustment   M S H MUSTAJAB
1985   PhD   London, LSE   The sacred city of Anuradhapura: aspect of Sinhalese Buddhism and nationhood   Elizabeth NISSAN   Dr C J Fuller; Dr J P Parry
1985   MPhil   Manchester   Land ownership and irrigation development in the Sind region of Pakistan: institutional constraints on technical change   Meherunissa M K PANWHAR
1985   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Social and political implications of changing land and labour relations in rural Bangladesh: a village level study   Tanyal RAHMAN VIROOMAL
1985   DPhil   Oxford, Lincoln   The Naxalites and their ideology: a study in the sociology of knowledge   Rabindra RAY   Dr F Parkin
1985   PhD   Cambridge   Honour, nurture and festivity: aspects of female religiosity amongst Jain women in Jaipur   J REYNELL
1985   PhD   Queen’s, Belfast   An analysis of the structure, conduct and performance of the date marketing system in Sind-Pakistan   Muneer Ali Shah RIZVI
1985   PhD   Brunel   The influence of the state in the industrial relations systems of third world countries with special reference to Bangladesh   S A SIDDIQ
1985   MPhil   London, LSHTM   Refugees, health and development: a case study of Tibetan refugees in India   Staphanie Pietre Pardoe SIMMONDS
1985   PhD   Durham   Ritual tradition of Berava caste of southern Sri Lanka   Robert SIMPSON   Mr D Brooks
1985   DPhil   Oxford, Christ Church   Some aspects of implementing appropriate technology with special reference to cotton textiles in India   Harsha Vardhana SINGH   Mrs F J Stewart
1985   PhD   Aston   Nations and organisations: a comparative study of English and Indian work-related values and attitudes in matched manufacturing firms   M H TAYEB
1985   PhD   London, SOAS   Planned language and Penang Hokkien: the socioeconomic effects of language planning on an urban Chinese community in West Malaysia   Diane Arnauld de TERRA
1985   PhD   London, Inst Ed   Education and rural development in India since independence in 1947: with special reference to Kerala   Joseph THAIKOODAN   Prof B holmes
1985   PhD   London, Queen Elizabeth   Class, nutrition education and growth: a class analysis of the impact on infant nutritional status of maternal education concerning early supplementation in Bangladesh   Katharine J WILSON   Dr C Greissler
1985   PhD   Edinburgh   Upholding the veil: Hindu women’s perceptions of gender and caste identity in rural Pakistan   Caroline Sara Lindsay YOUNG

1986    PhD    Bradford    Higher education in developing countries    M A ADEEB
1986    DPhil    Oxford, St Cath’s    Information, uncertainty and rural credit markets in Pakistan    Irfan ALEEM    Prof J A Mirrlees
1986    MPhil    Edinburgh    Housing and the state in Lahore, Pakistan    I U BAJWA
1986    MPhil    Edinburgh    Visual patterns and the landscape of wet zone Sri Lanka    S I BALASURIYA
1986    MPhil    Ulster    Russio-Afghan boundary demarcation. 1884-1895    Anila BALI    Dr T G Fraser
1986    PhD    London, SOAS    The devolution of government in Sri Lanka: legal aspects of the relationship between central and local government: an historical and comparative study    S A BANDARANAYAKE
1986    PhD    Keele    Migrant employment in the urban formal sector: the jute industry in Dacca, Bangladesh    Salma BANU    Prof D Dwyer
1986    PhD    Sheffield    The economic impact of a regional economy: the case of Bhilai Steel Plant (India)    S BHATARA    Mr W D Watts
1986    PhD    Open    Implementation across national boundaries: implementing the Government of India Act, 1935    V BOROOAH
1986    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    British politics and the East India Company, 1767-1773    H V BOWEN    Prof P D H Thomas
1986    PhD    London, LSHTM    Evaluation of a community based oral rehydration programme in rural Bangladesh    Ahmed M R CHOWDHURY
1986    PhD    Exeter    Household, kin and community in a Bangladesh village    M A M CHOWDHURY
1986    PhD    Cranfield    Rice by-product production, disposal and utilisation in Sri Lanka    S ELIAS
1986    PhD    London    Trade, kinship and Islamisation: a comparative study of the social and economic organisation of Muslim and Hindu traders in Tirunelveli District, South India    Frank Sylvester FANSELOW
1986    PhD    Aberdeen    Inter-religious conflict in India – the dynamics of Hindu-Muslim relations in North Malabar, 1498-1947    Theodore Paul Christian GABRIEL    Prof A Walls
1986    DPhil    Sussex    Rice in Bangladesh: post harvest losses, technology and employment    M T GREELEY
1986    MSc    Cambridge    The impact of Sri Lankan land reform measures, 1972-1975, on the tea sub-sector    S A P JAYATILAKA
1986    MLitt    Oxford, Trinity    The nature of Indian state: an investigation into the interrelationship between economic and political crisis (1965-75)    A K JHA
1986    PhD    London, LSE    The functions of children in the household economy and levels of fertility: a case study of a village in Bangladesh    N KABEER    Mr C M Langford
1986    MPhil    Edinburgh    The role of incentives for paddy cultivation in developing countries with reference to Bangladesh and Sri Lanka    G A M KARUNARATNE
1986    PhD    Reading    Obstacles to the adoption of modern rice cultivation practices by small farmers in Bangaldesh    Md Abul KASHEM
1986    PhD    Glasgow    Handling of industrial disputes in the public sector industries in Bangladesh    M A A KHAN
1986    DPhil    York    The state, village society and political economy of agricultural development in Bangladesh. 1960-1985    S A KHAN
1986    DPhil    Oxford, Corpus    Instability of jute prices and supplies: the impact on and implications for jute fibre production in Bangladesh    Reza KIBRIA    Mr M F G Scott
1986    MPhil    Essex    Selected aspects of India’s foreign trade in the 1970s    S LAKRA
1986    MTh    Wales, Aberystwyth    The life of the people of north Mizoram prior to and subsequent to the advent of Christianity, up the the year of the Mizo Church’s jubilee in 1944    J M LLOYD
1986    PhD    Bradford    The modelling and analysis of national development strategies for India    P MANDAL
1986    PhD    Cambridge, Emmanuel    Financial and manpower aspects of the Dominions and India’s contribution to Britain’s war effort, 1914-1919    G W MARTIN    Dr Z S Steiner
1986    PhD    Leicester    Fulfilment theology: the Aryan race theory and the work of British Protestant missionariesin Victorian India    Martin MAW
1986    PhD    London, LSHTM    Patterns of adult energy nutrition in a south Indian village    G McNEILL
1986    PhD    Dundee    Estimates of gross domestic product by provinces in Pakistan    A M MIRZA
1986    DPhil    Oxford, New    Caste, Christianity and Hinduism: a study of social organisation and religion in rural Ramnad    C MOSSE    Dr N J Allen
1986    MPhil    East Anglia    Go plough and eat: the impact of Gandhian intervention in a Bihar village between 1954 and 1974    Ivan Charles NUTBROWN
1986    PhD    Londonb, SOAS    A history of the London Missionary Scoiety in the Straits Settlements, 1815-1847    Ronnie Leona O’SULLIVAN    Prof K Ballhatchet
1986    PhD    Aston    Investigation of relationship betrween product design and production departments in manufacturing companies (India)    K PAWAR
1986    PhD    Manchester    Landed property and dynamic of instability: Bengal: the property-power nexus: state formation under colonialism and its contemporary siginificance    H Z RAHMAN
1986    PhD    Cranfield    Appropriateness of incentives for small scale enterprise location in less developed areas: the experience of the UK, Japan and India    K RAMACHANDRAN
1986    DPhil    London, St Antony’s    Exchange rate and commercial policy in a controlled trade regime: a case study of India    Narhari RAO
1986    PhD    City    The social and economic conditions of export orientated industrialisation as a strategy of development [Sri Lanka]    K RUPESINGHE
1986    PhD    City    British press coverage and the role of the Pakistan press from independence to the emergence of Bangladesh    M SHAMSUDDIN
1986    PhD    London SOAS    Vallabhbhal Patel: his role and style in Indian politics, 1928-1947    R D SHANKARDASS
1986    PhD    Sheffield    Transport and regional development in Bangladesh: a geographical study    A H M Raihan SHARIF
1986    PhD    London, SOAS    Sri Lanka: an examination of economic and social development associated with recolonisation on an irrigation scheme    Richard Paul SLATER    Dr A Turton
1986    PhD    Leeds    Pakistan’s relations with Britain, 1947-1951: with particular reference to some problems of partition    M SOHAIL
1986    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre    Tenna: peasant, state and nation in the making of a Sinhalese rural community    Jonathan R SPENCER
1986    PhD    Salford    Rural-urban population mobility in Bangladesh: its implications for rural areas with particular reference to two villages    R M TALUKDAR
1986    PhD    London, LSE    Sacrifice and divine power: Hindu temple rituals and village festivals in a fishing village, Sri Lanka    Masakazu TANAKA
1986    DPhil    Oxford, St Peter’s    India: colonialism, nationalism and perception sof develeopment    Kevin WATKINS
1986    PhD    Manchester    Agrarian change in India: a case study of Bundwan District, West Bengal    Neil Anthony WEBSTER
1986    MLitt    Oxford, Wolfson    A critical examination of Aurobindo’s contribution to the tradition of Vedanta    Yvonne WILLIAMS    Prof B K Matilal
1986    PhD    East Anglia    Cyclone vulnerability and housing policy in the Krishna Delta, South India, 1977-83    Peter WINCHESTER    Dr P M Blaikie
1986    MPhil    East Anglia    Urban unemployment in peninsular Malaysia    S R YAHYA    Dr J T Thoburn
1986    PhD    Edinburgh    The realities of life from a Hindu Sindi perspective    John Nicol YOUNG
1986    PhD    London, LSE    Sacrifice and the sacred in a Hindu “t-irtha”: the case of Pushkar, India    Sushila Jane ZEITLYN    Dr J R Parry
1986/87    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    Surplus appropriation and accumulation by rural households in India: a case study based on fieldwork in Uttar Pradesh    Ravi Shankar SRIVASTAVA
1987    PhD    London Royal Holloway    All India Muslim League, 1906-1919    M S AHMAD
1987    PhD    Sheffield    Formulation of design criteria for industrial architecture in Bangladesh in light of the developments made in the United Kingdom and other developed countries    N AHMED
1987    MPhil    CNAA Sheffield Poly    The effects of climate on the design and location of windows for buildings in Bangladesh    Z N AHMED
1987    PhD    Nwecastle    Housing for the lower income people of Dhaka,Bangladesh: a peri-urban development approach    S AMEEN
1987    MPhil    City    Personality, leadership and subordinate satisfaction: an empirical study in the civil service of Singapore    C T ANG
1987    PhD    London, RHBNC    The Pirs of Sind and their relationship with the British, 1843-1947    Sarah Frances Deborah ANSARI    Dr F R C Robinson
1987    MPhil    Strathclyde    The development of sugar manufacturing in Pakistan    M AURANGZEB
1987    PhD    Keele    The growth and development of trade unionism in Bangladesh, 1947-1986    M Z BADIUZZAMAN
1987    PhD    Loughborough    A strategy for the integrated development of squatter settlements: a Karachi case study    Q A BAKHTEARI
1987    PhD    Edinburgh    State and indigenous medicine in nineteenth and twentieth-century Bengal, 1800-1947    Poonam BALA
1987    PhD    Cambridge    Sectoral price determination and the inflationary process in the Indian economy, 1950-1980    P BALAKRISHNAN
1987    PhD    East Anglia    Draught animal power in Bangladesh    D BARTON    Dr D P Gibbon
1987    MPhil    Manchester    The role and contribution of the Alilgarh Muslim University in modern Indian Islam, 1877-1947    G N BUDDHANI
1987    PhD    Cambridge, Magdalene    From a pre-colonial order to a princely state: Hyderabad in tranition, c.1748-1865    S CHANDER
1987    PhD    Dundee    Financial development and agricultural development in Pakistan, 1952-1982    Mohammad Jamil CHAUDHARY
1987    PhD    Leicester    Conflict and change among the Khyber Afridis: a study of British policy and tribal society on the North-West Frontier, 1839-1947    R O CHRISTENSEN
1987    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney     State, tribe and region: policy and politics in Indiaa’s Jharkhand, 1900-1980    S E CORBRIDGE    Mr B H Farmer
1987    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Communal riots in Bengal, 1905-1947    Suranjan DAS    Dr T Raychoudhuri
1987    PhD    Cambridge    Money and finance in an underdeveloped economy: some themes from Indian economic history, 1914-1917    T DATTA    Mr M G Kuczynki
1987    PhD    London, SOAS    Images and metaphor: an analysis of Iban collective representations    J DAVISON
1987    PhD    Keele    The United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP), 1948-1965, with postscript on the impact of UNMOGIP on the Indo-Pakistan war of 1971    Pauline DAWSON    Prof A M James
1987    PhD    London, SOAS    The changing role of women in Bengal, c.1890-c.1930, with special reference to British and Bengali discourse on gender    Dagmar ENGELS    Prof K Ballhatchet
1987    PhD    London, SOAS    Psychiatry and colonialism: the treatment of European lunatics in British India, 1800-1858    Waltraud ERNST    Prof K A Ballhatchet
1987    PhD    Manchester    The origins of inflation in Pakistan, 1959-1982: an evaluation of alternative hypotheses    Faiz B FIROZE
1987    PhD    Cambridge    The brick trade in India: energy use, tradition and development    S GANDHI
1987    DPhil    Oxford    Money and the real economy: a study of India, 1960-1984    S E GHANI
1987    PhD    Cranfield    Computer simulation of runoff and soil erosion from small agricultural catchments in Sri Lanka    E GUNAWARDENA
1987    PhD    Exeter    Tariqah-i-Muhammadiyah movement and its contribution to creating a separatist political consciousness among the Muslims of India, 1818-1872    Ghulam Muhammad JAFFAR
1987    PhD    Salford    Agricultural marketing and agrarian relations in Pakistan: a case study of the Nawahshak districrt, Sind    M A KAMDAR    Dr C P Simmons
1987    MLitt    Cambridge, Trinity Hall    Communal politics in the United Provinces, 1935-1947    Mukul KESAVAN    Dr C A Bayley
1987    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Poverty and public policy: government intervention and levels of living in Kerala, India    Bhaskar Gopalakrishna KUMAR    Prof A K Sen
1987    DPhil    Oxford, Hertford    The rise and fall of the Indian cotton mill industry, 1900-1985: the Swadeshi movement and its political legacy    Simon Robert Bough LEADBEATER    Mr G P Williams
1987    DPhil    Oxford, Oriel    British architecture in Victorian Bombay    Christopher W LONDON    Dr R A Beddard
1987    PhD    Cambridge    West Bengal government policy, 1977–1985    Ross MALLICK
1987    PhD    London, LSE    Muslims, work and status in Aligargh    Elizabeth Ashley MANN
1987    PhD    London, SOAS    Migration and the international Goan community    Stella V MASCARENHAS-KEYES
1987    MPhil    Edinburgh    Women and the housing process: observations in a Katchi Abadi in Pakistan    F McCLUNEY
1987    PhD    Leicester    The mineralogy and geochemistry of the carbonatites, syenites and fenites of North West Frontier Province, Pakistan    Ihsanullah MIAN
1987    MPhil    Sussex    Linguistic nationalism in Pakistan (with special reference to the role and history of Urdu in the Punjab)    Yameema MITHA    Dr R I Duncan
1987    PhD    Stirling    Food retailing in Malaysia: a study of supermarket use in peninsular Malaysia    K B OTHMAN
1987    DPhil    Oxford    British rule and the Konds of Orissa: a study of tribal administration and its legitimating discourse    Felix J PADEL
1987    PhD    Reading    Extension needs of a plantation industry with special reference to the tea industry in Sri Lnaka    W A PADMASIRI WANIGASUNDARA
1987    PhD    Wales, UWIST    The role of government in the administration and management of major ports in developing countries with special reference to India    Jose PAUL
1987    PhD    London, LSE    Time, work and the gods: temporal strategies and industrislisation in central India    Christopher PINNEY
1987    DPhil    York    The political dynamics of Indo-Soviet relations, 1930-1977    S S RAI
1987    PhD    London, SOAS    Islamization of laws in Pakistan with particular reference to the status of women    Abdur RASHID
1987    PhD    Aberdeen    Availability and retention of zinc, especially in relation to the soils of Bangladesh    H M RASHID
1987    DPhil    York    Indo-Soviet relations during the period 1955-1974    S S ROY
1987    PhD    Liverpool    The role of small towns in rural development: a case study of Bangaldesh    Toufiq Mohammad SERAJ
1987    PhD    Liverpool    An analysis of squatter settlements in Dhaka, Bangladesh    M T SHAKUR
1987    PhD    London, LSE    Communism in Punjab up to 1867    Gurharpal SINGH
1987    PhD    Edinburgh    The implementation of systematic nursing in selected hospsitals in India: a chronicle of the change process    Esther SIRRA
1987    DPhil    Sussex    Sri Lankan traders: a case study of credit relations and coconut marketing in a rural economy    sARAH lLEWELLYN SOUTHWOLD
1987    PhD    Leeds    The life and influence of Shapurji Saklatvala    Michael John SQUIRES
1987    PhD    Leicester    Evolution of the southern part of the Aravalli-Delhi orogen western India    Tim J SUGDEN
1987    MSc    Aberdeen    Supply response analysis of palm oil in Malaysia, 1961-1985    B A TALIB
1987    PhD    Leicester    Communication and development in South India    Pradip Ninan THOMAS
1987    PhD    Southampton    Developing a critical success factor approach to a holistic institutional evaluation for polytechnics in the states of Gujerat and Madhya Pradesh, 1977-1984    V N TRAFFORD
1987    PhD    Cranfield    The social relevance of postgraduate management education: a case study of India    S VYAKARNAM
1988    PhD    London    Breast feeding, weaning and infant growth in rural Chandpur, Bangladesh    S AHMED
1988    PhD    London, External    Islam in contemporary Bangladesh     Umne Asman Begum Razia AKEER BANU    Dr D Taylor
1988    PhD    Bradford    The impact of public policy on the poor in Sri Lnaka, 1970-1982    Pat ALAILIMA    C Dennis; S Curry
1988    PhD    Manchester    Makran and Baluchistan from the early Islamic times to the Mongol invasion    S S M AL-HUMAIDI    Prof Bosworth
1988    PhD    Birmingham    The British iron and steel industry and India, 1919-1939    H J ANDERSEN
1988    PhD    Edinburgh    Some aspects of the political and commercial history of the Muslims of Sri Lanka with special referenmce to the British period    Mahmudu Naina Marikar Kamil ASAD
1988    MPhil    Kent    The image of women in selected Malaysian novels    Rosnah BAHARUDIN
1988    PhD    Wales, UCNW    Ecology, management and conservation of Pinus roxburghii forests in Kumaun Himalaya, India    Bhagat Singh BURFAL
1988    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    The nineteenth-century book trade in Sind    Allah Rakhio BUTT
1988    PhD    London, King’s    Soldiers of Christ: evangelicals and India, 1784-1833    Penelope S E CARSON
1988    DPhil    Oxford, Exeter    Punjab politics, 1909-1923    Amrita CHEEMA    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1988    MSc    Wales    Economic appraisal of irrigated plantations of the Punjab, Pakistan: Changa Manga case study    Faqir Ahmad CHOUDHRY
1988    PhD    Reading    State sponsrship of investment credit to promote rural development in India    J G COPESTAKE
1988    PhD    Leicester    Leucogranites of the North West Himalaya: crust-mantle interaction beneath the Karakoram and the magmatic evolution of collisional belts    Mark B CRAWFORD
1988    MPhil    Brunel    Aspects of the development of manufacturing industries of India    Parviz DABIR-ALAI
1988    MLitt    Oxford, Keble    An ecumneical episcopate: Edwin James Palmer, seventh Bishop of Bombay and the reunion of the churches, with special reference to the church of South India    R W DAVIS
1988    PhD    Cambridge    The irrigation and water supply systems of the city of Vijayanagara    D J DAVISON-JENKINS
1988    PhD    Kent    Law, nation and cosmology in Sri Lanka: deconstructioni and the failure of closure    Rochan DE SILVA    Prof F Fitzpatrick
1988    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Application of social accounting matrix framework to agricultural policy analysis in Pakistan    Shafique DHANANI    Mr G H Peters
1988    DPhil    Sussex    Rural commerce in Sri Lanka: commercialisation and farm credit in the Uva highlands    E DUE
1988    PhD    Nottingham    Environmental upgrading and intra-urban migration in Calcutta    Margaret Sylvia FOSTER    Prof J C Moughton; Dr T Oc
1988    PhD    Southampton    Catholic education in Sri Lanka during its first century as a British colony, 1796-1901    J B GNANAPRAGASAM
1988    PhD    East Anglia    Inter- and intra-household analysis in North Bihar village: implications for agricultural research    Ruth GROSVENOR-ALSOP    Dr S D Biggs
1988    PhD    Cambridge    Conservation and colonial expansion: a study of the evolution of environmental attitudes and conservation policies on St Helena, Mauritius and in India, 1660-1860    R H GROVE
1988    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Art, artists and aesthetics in Bengal, c.1850-1920: westernising trends and nationalist concerns in the making of new “Indian” art    Tapati GUHA-THAKURTA    Dr T. Raychaudhuri
1988    MSc    Manchester    Science and technology policy in developing countries of South Asia and South East Asia    K R GUPTA
1988    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    The sitar music of Calcutta: a study of two gharanas    J S HAMILTON
1988    PhD    London, UC    Inbreeding and fertility in a South Indian village population    Katherine Louise HANN    Dr J Landers
1988    PhD    London, Inst Ed    Education and political instability in Pakistan, 1937-1971    M HAQUE
1988    PhD    Strathclyde    Tubewell irrigation and green revolution: impact on productivity and income distribution    A IKRAMULLAH
1988    MPhil    Edinburgh    Marketing problems of farmers in Punjab, Pakistan: a case study    Qamar-ul ISLAM
1988    PhD    Edinburgh    The reawakening of Islamic consciousness in Malaysia, 1970-1987    Fadzillah bin Mohd JAMIL
1988    PhD    Cambridge, King’s    Clientelism, corruption and capitalist development: an analysis of state intervention with special reference to Bangladesh    Mushtaq Husain KHAN
1988    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    External developments and policy choices facing the non-oil developing countries in the post 1973 period    Faizullah KHILJI    Mrs F J Stewart
1988    DPhil    Sussex    Political and economic organisation in a Sri Lanka market town    Colin KIRK
1988    PhD    Leicester    Media education, communications and public policy: an Indian perspective    K J KUMAR
1988    PhD    Leeds    R K Narayan and V S Naipaul: a comparative study of some Hindu aspects of their work    P LANGRAN
1988    DPhil    Oxford    Orientalism, utilitarianism and British India: James Mill’s “The history of British India” and the romantic orient    Javed MAJEED    Dr N G Shrimpton
1988    MPhil    Edinburgh    Policy issues for conservation: the case of Lahore walled city    M I MIAN
1988    PhD    Sheffield    Development of small and medium sized towns in Bangladesh: a regional planning approach    Mohammed A MOHIT
1988    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The question of nuclear weapons proliferation in the Indian sub-continent    Ziba MOSHAVER    Mr E A Roberts
1988    PhD    London, UC    The theoretical modelling and empirical measurement of the shadow economy with application to India    U MUKHERJEE
1988    MPhil    Reading    Farming systems and information needs of tea smallholders in Sri Lanka    D K NAWARATNA
1988    PhD    London, SOAS    A social history of a colonial steroetype: the “criminal tribes and castes” of Uttar Pradesh    S B L NIGAM
1988    PhD    London, LSE    Policy making in the Indian offshore oil industry with reference to the period 1974-1986    M L NORONHA    Prof D C Watt
1988    PhD    London, LSE    The Asiatic mode of production, historical materialism and Indian historiography    Denis Brendan O’LEARY
1988    PhD    Leicester    Terraces, uplift and climate, Karakoram Mountains, Northern Pakistan    Lewis Andrew OWEN
1988    MPhil    London, LSE    The tea plantation labour movement in the “Dooars” region of north Bengal, 1900-1951    Nayantara PALCHOUDHURI
1988    PhD    Oxford, St Antony’s    Decline of the Bengal zamindars: Mindapore, 1870-1920    C PANDA    Dr T Raychaudhuri
1988    PhD    London, King’s    Between Mars and Mammon: the military and the political economy of British India at the time of the first Burma war, 1824-1826    Douglas M PEERS
1988    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    British intelligence and Indian subversion: the surveillance of Indian revolutionaries in India and abroad    R J POPPLEWELL
1988    PhD    London, SOAS    Socio-economic change in Bihar (India) in the later 19th and early 20th century    Bihdeshwar RAM    Dr P Robb
1988    PhD    Kent    Figuring Naipaul: the subject of the post-colonial world    Dulluri Venkat RAO
1988    PhD    Cambridge, Newnham    Aspects of the ethnoarchaeology of Adilabad (Andhra-Pradesh), India    Nandini Rameshwar RAO

1988   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   The determinants of India’s manufactured export performance: industry-level and firm-level evidence   Amit Shovon RAY
1988   DPhil   Sussex   Religion, class and function: the politics of communalism in twentieth century Punjab   Mark ROBINSON   Dr R I Duncan
1988   PhD   London, SOAS   The evolution of the printed Bengali character from 1778 -1978   Fiona Georgina Elizabeth ROSS
1988   PhD   Keele   Marginality, identity and the politicisation of the Bhangi community, Delhi   Rama SHARMA
1988   PhD   Kent   Class, kinship and ritual: Islam and the politics of change in Pakistan   S R SHERANI
1988   PhD   De Montfort   Temple architecture of the Marathas in Maharashtra   A SOHONI
1988   PhD   London, SOAS   Nalanda Mahayihara, 1812-1939: some aspects of the study of its art and archaeology   M L STEWART
1988   PhD   Wales, Cardiff   White-collar crime: a study of the nature, extent and control of income tax evasion in Pakistan   Muhammad Shoaib SUDDLE
1988   PhD   CNAA, Westminster    A critical and comparative study of the practice and theology of Christian social witness in Indonesia and India between 1974 and 1983 with special reference to the work of Wayan Mastra in the Protestant Christian Church of Bali and of Vinay Samual in the Church of South India   C M N SUGDEN
1988   PhD   Leeds   Some aspects of Muslim politics in the Pubab, 1921-1947   Qalb-i-Abid SYED   Prof D N Dilks
1988   PhD   Wales, UCNW   Utility-based social shadow pricing and its comparison with other evaluation techniques: a cost-benefit study of fuelwood plantations in Bihar, India   Satyendra Nath TRIVEDI
1988   PhD   Glasgow   Characteristics of public enterprise management in Bangladesh   Syed J UDDIN   Dr D Buchanan
1988   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity Hall   The economic and political context of Indian independence   R P WANCHOO   Dr C A Dayly
1988   PhD   Bath   In the teeth of the crocodile: class and gender in rural Bangladesh   Sarah C WHITE
1988   PhD   Nottingham   Presenting the Raj: the politics of representation in recent fiction on the British empire   R J F WILLIAMS
1988   PhD   East Anglia   Sources of growth and its beneficiaries in Pakistan’s large-scale manufacturing sector, 1955-1981   S WIZARAT
1988/89   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Household energy in rural Pakistan: a technical, environmental and socio-economic assessment   A N QAZI
1988/89   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   Administration, classification and knowledge:land revenue settlements in the Panjab at the start of British rule   R W SAUMAREZ-SMITH
1989   PhD   Cambridge   Sedimentology and structure of the Southern Kohat, Trans Indus Ranged, Pakistan   Iftikhar AHMED
1989   PhD   York   Pakistan since independence: the political role of the Ulama   Safir AKHTAR   Dr T V Sathyamurthy
1989   PhD   Strathclyde   Growth of tubewell irrigation and agricultural development in the North West Frontier Province of Pakistan   M AKRAM
1989   PhD   London, Wye   A quantitative analysis of marketable surplus of paddy and food policy in Bangladesh   S AKTER
1989   MA   Leeds   Communication influences on the political socialisation of Bangladeshi adolescents   A M ALI   Prof J G Blumer; Dr T J Nossiter
1989   MPhil   London, LSE   The India League and the Indian reconciliation group as factors in Indo-British relations, 1930-1949   Keshava Chand ARORA   Prof I H Nish
1989   PhD   London, King’s   Pakistan crisis 1971: its political and strategic causes   F J AZIZ
1989   PhD   London, SOAS   Indian monetary policy and the international liquidity crisis during rthe inter-war years (1919-1939)   Gopalan BALACHANDRAN
1989   PhD   London, LSE   Communism in Tripura up to 1965   Harihar BHATTACHARYYA   Dr T J Nossiter
1989   DPhil   Oxford   The evolution of classical Indian dance literature: a study of the Sanskritic tradition   M BOSE
1989   PhD   Kent   An ethnographic account of the religious practice in a Tibetan Buddhist refugee monastery in Northern India   Catherine Mary CANTWELL   Dr J Endes
1989   MPhil   Reading   Cropping systems research in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan   E W CHARLES
1989   PhD   Glasgow   The inter-war depression in British India: aspects of its economic and social impact, 1929-36   P S COLLINS
1989   DPhil   Sussex   Paliamentary representation in Sri Lanka, 1931-1986   R COOMARASWAMY   Prof Lloyd
1989   PhD   London, LSE   Ideology and urban planning: the case of Hong Kong   A R CUTHBERT   Dr D R Diamond
1989   PhD   Cambridge, Sidney    Unfulfilled promises, popular protest, the Congress and the national movement in Bihar   V DAMODARAN
1989   PhD   London, LSE   Embodying spirits: village oracles and possession rituals in Ladakh, North India   Sophia Elizabeth DAY   Dr J P Parry
1989   PhD   London, SOAS   Discourses of ethnicity: the adivasis of Jharkhand   S B C DEVALLE
1989   MPhil   Wales, Cardiff   Rice leaffolders: natural enemies and management ractices in Sri Lanka   Malgaha Gamage DHANAPALA
1989   PhD   London, SOAS   The growth of Buddhist monastic institutions in Sri Lanka as depicted in the Brahmi inscriptions   K D M DIAS
1989   PhD   Cambridge   The socio-economic impact of a minor flood control project in rural Bangladesh   B J DODSON
1989   PhD   Bath   Water to the swamp ? Irrigation and patterns of accumulation and agrarian change in Bangladesh   M GLASER
1989   MPhil   Cranfield   Vocational training and self employment in developing countries: aspects of the design and approach of sucessful programmes   John Patrick GRIERSON   Prof M H Harper
1989   MPhil   CNAA, Poly NLondon   British women and the British empire in India, 1915-1947   Florence HAMILTON   Mr E Wilson; Dr D Judd
1989   MPhil   London, LSE   The problem of federalism and regional autonomy in Pakistan   Fayyaz Ahmad HUSSAIN   P Dawson
1989   PhD   Bradford   The monetary transmission mechanism in Sri Lanka, 1977-1985   Ranee JAYAMAHA   P Wilson; J Weiss
1989   DPhil   Sussex   The impact of international labour migration on the rural “Barani” areas of Northern Pakistan   A F KHAN
1989   PhD   Sheffield   The implementation of rural poor programmes in Bangladesh   T A KHAN
1989   PhD   Manchester   Perception and response to floods in Bangladesh   M S KHONDAKER
1989   PhD   Wales, Bangor,   Cost benefit analysis and sustained yield forestry in India   Periyapattanam Jayapal Dilip KUMAR
1989   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   Medical knowledge in rural Rajasthan: popular constructions of illness and therapeutic practice   Helen Susanna LAMBERT   Dr N J Allen
1989   MPhil   London   The expansion of the Indian Army during the Great War   I D LEASK   Prof M E Yapp
1989       Bath   Technologies and transactions: a study of the interaction between new technology and agrarian structure in Bangladesh   D J LEWIS
1989   PhD   Edinburgh   One or two sons: class, gender and fertility in north India   Andrew LYON
1989   DPhil   Sussex   Capital accumulation in agriculture in the Punjab (Pakistan)   Moazam MAHMOOD   Prof M Lipton
1989   DPhil   Oxford   The performance of selected public sector industries in Bangladesh, 1972-1985   Syed A MAHMOOD
1989   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity Hall   Missionary of the Indian Road: a study of the thought and work of E Stanley Jones between 1915 and 1948 in the light of certain issues raised by M K Gandhi for Anglo-Saxon Protestant missionaries during the period   P A J MARTIN   Dr J J Lipner
1989   PhD   Glasgow   Exchange rate regimes of less developed countries: the cxase of India   M J MELAZHAKAM
1989   PhD   London, UC   Appropriate evaluation techniques for urban planning in Sri Lanka   N S P MNEDIS
1989   PhD   Cambridge, Magdalene   The Harappan civilisation: a study in variation and regionalisssssssation in Haryana, India   V MOHAN   Dr F R Allchin
1989   PhD   Lancaster   Three Hindu philosophers: comparative philosophy and philosophy in modern India   Paul Martin MORRIS   Prof N Smart; Dr D Smith
1989   PhD   Manchester   The role of financial information in collective bargaining in a developing country: the case of Bangladesh   A J M H MURSHED
1989   PhD   East Anglia   Agrarian structure and rural poverty in Western India   Thomas PALAKUDIYIL   Dr J C Harriss
1989   PhD   Wales, Cardiff   The role of accounting in the economic development of Bangladesh   Michael John PARRY
1989   PhD   London, LSE   Household organisation and marriage in Ladakh Indian Himalaya   Maria Christina PHYLACTOU   Dr C J Fuller
1989   PhD   London, LSE   Social representations of birth control and family welfare: an Indian study   Ragini PRAKASH   Prof R Farr
1989   PhD   London, LSHTM   Household food insecurity and its implications on health, nutrition and work – a study of a dry land farming community in Sri Lanka   M K RATNAYAKE
1989   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Colonial policy, ethnic politics and the minorities in Ceylon   Nira Konjit SAMARASINGHE   Dr T Raychaudhuri
1989   PhD   Cambridge   Administration, classification and knowledge: land revenue settlements in the Panjab at the start of British rule   R S SMITH
1989   DPhil   Oxford, Somerville   Inequality and economic mobility: an analysis of panel data from a south Indian village   Madhura SWAMINATHAN   Dr S Anand
1989   DPhil   Oxford   Art, artists and aesthetics in Bengal, c. 1850-1920: westernising trends and nationalist concerns in the making of a new “Indian” art   Tapati G THAKURTA
1989   PhD   Middlesex Polytechnic   The impact of flood control on agricultural development in India: a case study in north Bihar   P M THOMPSON   Prof E Penning-Rowsell
1989   MPhil   East Anglia   The state and the determinants of the fiscal process in India: an application of James O’Connor’s Theory of the Fiscal Crisis of the State   Sarah VARKKI
1989   PhD   Aberdeen   Some aspects of the chemistry and mineralogy of soil potassium in Sri Lanka acid tea soils and Scottish soils under a range of crops   G WIMALADASA
1989   PhD   Strathclyde   Marketing implications of intermediate technology in the textile industry in Pakistan   M ZAFARULLAH
1989   PhD   Edinburgh   Strategic planning: an exploratory study of its practice by agro-based public enterprises in Malaysia   M ZAINAL ABIDIN
1990   PhD   Cambridge, Wolfson   The politics of pollution control: the Ganges at Varanasi   Sara AHMED   Prof T O’Riordan
1990   PhD   London, LSE   The budgetary process in uncertain contexts: a study of public sector corporations in Bangladesh   Mansurai ALAM
1990   PhD   Aberdeen   Petroleum geochemistry of the tertiary sediments and oil samples from the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh   M ALAM
1990   PhD   Glasgow   Size and management characteristics in the public sector: a case of Pakistan International Airlines   A H M H H AL-ESHAIKER
1990   PhD   CNAA Birmingham Poly   The low-income housing production process in Lakore, Pakistan   M I A ALVI
1990   PhD   Aberdeen   Theological education in relation to the identificaton of the task of mission and the development of ministries in India: 1947 to 1987 with special reference to the Church of South India   Siga ARLES
1990   MPhil   London, QMW   A study of some influences on the development of Ruth Jhabvala’s Indian fiction   Jayanti BAILUR
1990   PhD   London, LSE   Pakistan and the birth of the regional pacts in Asia, 1947-1955   Farooq Naseem BAJWA   Prof I H Nish
1990   PhD   Cam,bridge, King’s   Procedural rationality in public expenditure decision making with specific reference to India   A BASU
1990   PhD   Cambridge   Inter-urban and rural-urban linkages in terms of migration and remittances   J R CHAUDHURI
1990   MPhil   Bradford   Kashmir and the partition of India: the politicians and the personalities involved in the partition of India, particularly in relation to the position of Kashmir at the moment of independence on 15th August, 1947   S CHOUDHRY   Dr M J LeLohe
1990   PhD   Aberdeen   An Indian perspective on the church in the context of poverty and religious pluralism, with special reference to the works of M M Thomas   Ashish J CHRISPAL   Prof. Terrance
1990   PhD   London, LSE   Petty-trading in Calcutta: a socio-political analysis of a third world city   Nandini DASGUPTA
1990   PhD   London, King’s   Rural Bengal: social structure and agrarian economy in the late eighteenth century   Rajat DATTA   Prof P Marshall
1990   PhD   London, SOAS   Development of Sinhala drama: a socio-cultural analysis (from Nadagama to modern theatre, up to 1922)   T R G DELA BANDARA
1990   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   Indian death rituals: the enactment of ambivalence   Gillian A EVISON   Prof R F Gombrich
1990   PhD   Bradford   Financial reforms in Sri Lanka, 1977-1987   D J G FERNANDO
1990   PhD   London, SOAS   Discussions of polygamy and divorce by Muslim modernists in South Asia, with special reference to their treatment in Qur’an and Sunna   Rehana FIRDOUS
1990   PhD   Kent   The six-nation initiative   C FRANGONIKOLOPOULOS   Prof A J R Groom
1990   PhD   Sheffield   Man mosquito interaction: the social context of Malaria transmisson in Sri Lanka   Jayaratne Pinnikamaha GAMAGE   Ms J M M Hoogvelt; Dr R A Dixon
1990   PhD   London, LSE   Paddy fields and jumbo jets: overseas migration and village life in Sylhet district, |Bangladesh   Katherine Jane GARDNER
1990   PhD   York   The politics of British aid policy formation: the case of Bangladesh, 1972-1986   M GUHATHAKURTA
1990   DPhil   Oxford   Exports and exchange rate policy: the case of India   B D GUPTA
1990   PhD   London, SOAS   The short story in Pakistan Panjab, 1947-1980   Salim Ullah HAIDRANI
1990   PhD   London, External   The phenomenonology of religious change in Bangladesh in relation to the theology and practice of conversion   Ian McLaurin HAWLEY
1990   PhD   London, UC   The single dominant party system and political development: case studies of India and Japan   Takako HIROSE
1990   MPhil   London, External   The economy and development of education in Bangladesh with particular reference to cost and some aspects of efficiency and effectiveness of higher education for the period 1972-1985   Mohammad Tazammul HUSSAIN
1990   PhD   London   Variations in mountain front geometry across the Potwar Plateau and Hazara/Kalachitta Hill ranges, North Pakistan   C N IZATT
1990   PhD   Open   Charnockite formation in Southern India   D H JACKSON
1990   PhD   Leeds   The effects of agrarian development on class formation and production relations in Pakistan   Muhammad Siddique JAVED   Mr J V Hillard
1990   MPhil   Manchester Poly   Ethnic identity and contemporary female costumes of Sri Lanka   V R JAYASURIYA
1990   PhD   London, UC   Transfer of private external capital to LDCs with special reference to India in comparison to Brazil   Veena JHA
1990   PhD   Salford   The impact of decentralisation on development, with special reference to the experience of Bangladesh since 1982   A K M A KALAM   Prof M B Gleave; Dr B Ingham
1990   PhD   Exeter   Some statistical aspects of child health and growth modelling in Pakistan   S KAMAL
1990   MSc   Wales, Cardiff   Analysis of the provision of sites and services schemes as a solution to low income housing in Colombo, Sri Lanka   Somas Kandarajah KANDIAH
1990   PhD   London, LSE   Gender, caste and class in rural South India   Karin KAPADIA
1990   DPhil   Oxford, St Cath’s   The consequence of economic liberalisation in Sri Lanka   Saman B KELEGAMA   Dr S Anand
1990   PhD   London, SOAS   Revenue, agriculture and warfare in North India: technical knowledge and the post-Mughal elites from the mid-18th century to the early 19th century   Iqbal Ghani KHAN
1990   PhD   Kent   Bengali elites’ perceptions of Pakistan – the road to disillusionment: uneven development or ethnicity   Alqama KHAWAJA   Prof A J R Groom
1990   PhD   Bath   Impact of irrigation upon the rural political economy in Bangladesh   David LEWIS   Dr G D Wood
1990   DPhil   Oxford, Magdalen   United States-Indian relations, 1961-1989: the pursuit and limits of accommodation   Satu P LIMAYE   Dr G Rizvi
1990   PhD   London, UC   Hydrogeology of part of South-Eastern Bangladesh   S M MAHABUB-UL-ALAM
1990   PhD   Lancaster   The atavara myth in the in the Harivamsa, the Visnupurana and the Bhagavatapurana   Freda MATCHETT   Prof N Smart; Dr D Smith
1990   PhD   Open   East India patronage and the political management of Scotland, 1720-1774   G K McGILVARY   Dr A L R Calder; Mr J Riddy
1990   PhD   London, UC   Epidemiology of coronary heart disease in Asians in Britain   Paul Matthew McKEIGUE
1990   PhD   Hull   The fiction of Ruth Prawer Jhabvala: irony within a dual philosophical framework   F F MERICAN
1990   PhD   Leicester   A thermotectonic evolution for the main central thrust and higher Himalaya, Western Garhwal, India   Richard Paul METCALFE
1990   PhD   Leeds   A history of Nandyal Diocese in Andhra Pradesh, 1947-1990   Constance Mary MILLINGTON   Prof A Hastings
1990   PhD   Newcastle   Becoming bilingual: a sociolinguistic study of the communication of young mother tongue Panjabi-speaking children   S MOFFAT
1990   PhD   Wales, BBangor   Ecology and silviculture of Malamus manan in peninsular Malaysia   A B MOHAMAD
1990   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   The politics of Oriya nationalism, 1903-1936   Bishnu Narayan MOHAPATRA   Dr G Rizvi
1990   PhD   London, UC   Rural development and the problem of access: the case of the integrated rural development programme in Bangladesh   Salim MOMTAZ   Prof R J C Munton
1990   PhD   CNAA, Oxford Poly   Geology and geochemistry of the Closepet granite, Karnataka, South India   K A OAK
1990   PhD   London, SOAS   Indian Muslims and the Ottomans (1877-1914): a study of Indo Muslim attitudes to Pan-Islamism and Turkey   Azmi OZCAN
1990   PhD   London, Inst Ed   The cooperative movement in the Jaffa district of Sri Lanka from 1911 to 1970   Kanthappoo PARAMOTHAYAN
1990   PhD   Sheffield   Man-mosquito interaction: the social context of malaria transmission in Sri Lanka   J PINIKAHANAN GAMAGE
1990   PhD   London, SOAS   The mercantile community of Penang and the changing pattern of trade, 1890-1941   Chuleeporn PONGONGSUPATH   Dr I Brown
1990   PhD   Salford   Gandhi and deep ecology: experiencing the nonhuman environment   S A POWER
1990   PhD   London, External   Socio-economic and environmental aspects of under nutrition and ill health in an urban slum in Bangladesh   Jane Allison PRYER
1990   PhD   London, External   Impact of zinc supplementation on Bangladeshi children suffering from acute and persistent diarrhoea   Swapan Kumar ROY
1990   PhD   London, Wye   Persistent poverty among rice farmers in the major irrigated colonization scheme of Sri Lanka   Madar SAMAD   I Carruthers
1990   PhD   London, Wye   Persistent poverty among rice farmers in the major irrigated colonization schemes of Sri Lanka   Madar SAMAD
1990   PhD   St Andrews   Political violence in the Third World: a case study of Sri Lanka, 1971-1987   Gemini SAMARANAYAKE   Prof P Wilkinson
1990   PhD   London, QMW   The use of Hindu mythology in some novels of R K Narayan and Raja Rao   Chitra SANKARAN
1990   PhD   Liverpool   State intervention in rural development: a case study of Bangladesh   A E SARKER
1990   PhD   London, SOAS   The emergence of a Muslim “middle class” in Bengal: attitudes and rhetoric of communalism, 1880-194   Mohammad SHAH   Dr P G Robb
1990   PhD   Edinburgh   Socioeconomic planning in social forestry with particular reference to Orissa State, India   Ran Avtar SHARMA
1990   PhD   Cambridge   A “despotism of law”: a British criminal justice and public authority in north India, 1772-1837   Radhika SINGHA   Dr C A Bayley
1990   PhD   Wales, Swansea   Indian merchant communities in 19th century western India   Sheila M SMITH   Dr R K Newman
1990   PhD   London, LSHTM   The estimation of fertility from incomplete birth registration records, with application to India   Govind Singh SOMAWAT   B Brass
1990   PhD   Cranfield   The role of industrial extension for the local production of agricultural machinery in developing countries with particular reference to Sri Lanka   K-H STEINMANN   I Crawford; F Inns
1990   PhD    North London Poly   The Viceroyalty of Lord Reading, 1921-1926, with particular reference to Indian political constitutional problems and progress   Christine TURNBULL   Dr D Judd
1990   PhD   Cambridge   Constructing difference: social categories and Girahya women: social kinship and resources in south Rajasthan   Maya UNNITHAN   Dr C Humphrey
1990   MPhil   Essex   An analysis of the effects of salinity on the growth of Sri Lankan rice cultivars   S C WANIGASURIYA
1990   PhD   London, Imperial   The structure and metamorphism of the northern margin of Indian Plate, North Pakistan   Mathew Philipps WILLIAMS
1991   MPhil   Trinity College, Bristol   Identity, Islam and Christianity in rural Bangladesh   D W ABECASSSIS
1991   MPhil   London, LSHTM   Fertility trends in Pakistan: a birth order analysis   Mohamed AFZAL   J Blacker
1991   PhD   Sheffield   Intraurban residential mobility in the city of Karachi   N AHMAD
1991   PhD   Wales, Swansea   Decentralisation and the local state under peripheral capitalism: a study in the political economy of local government in Pakistan   Tofail AHMAD
1991   PhD   Newcastle upon Tyne   The effects of price and non-price factors on the production of major crops in Bangladesh   S ALAM
1991   PhD   Cambridge, St Cath’s   North Indian military culture in transition, 1770-1830   S ALAVE   Dr C A Bayly
1991   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Inheriting then earth: Pakistan People’s Party: popular mobilisation and political conflict in Pakistan, 1967-1971   R F ALI   Mr P G Hawthorn
1991   PhD   London, LSHTM   Anti-microbial chemotherapy of leprosy: a quantitiave theoretical basis for trial regimens with particular reference to India   J E ALMEIDA
1991   PhD   London, King’s   The international arms trade: case studies of India and Pakistan, 1947-86   I ANTHONY
1991   PhD   Manchester   The role of the housing market in the development of Jaffna City and its fringe   Krishnapillai ARUMUHAM   Prof B Robson
1991   PhD   London, SOAS   Agricultural production in six selected Qasbas in eastern Rajasthan (c. 1700-1780)   Madhavi BAJAKAL
1991   PhD   LondonSOAS   Agricultural production in six selected qasbas of eastern Rajastan (c.1700-1780)   Madhavi BAJEKAL   Prof K N Chaudhuri
1991   PhD   Salford   Some environmental implications of agricultural and agro-industrial developments in rural India   S K BARAT
1991   PhD   Newcastle upon Tyne   Swami Vivekananda’s practical vedanta   Vivienne BAUMFIELD   Dr D H Killingley
1991   PhD   Wales, Swansea   The significqance of “Ostindien” in the evolution of German colonial thought, 1840-1885   Theodore Robert Maria BOSKE   Prof M E Chamberlain
1991   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Communal politics and the partition of Bengal, 1932-1947   Joya CHATTERJI   Dr A Seal
1991   PhD   Cambridge   A study of subsistance and settlement patterns during the late prehistory of northcentral India   U C CHATTOPADHYAYA
1991   PhD   London, King’s   Indian nuclear strategy   Mohammad Zafar Iqbal CHEEMA   Prof L D Freedman
1991   MPhil   Bradford   Kashmir and the partition of India   S CHOUDRY
1991   PhD   London, UC   The social implications of thalassaemia major among Muslims of Pakistani origin: family experience and service delivery   Aamra Rashid DARR
1991   MPhil   CNAA, Architectural Assoc   The roots of power and root power: an enquiry into negotiations for the consolidation of illegal settlements in New Delhi, India   S DASAPPA
1991   PhD   London, SOAS   Strategy and structure: a case study in imperial policy and tribal society in British Baluchistan   Simanti DUTTA
1991   PhD   Loughborough   The Revd A G Fraser: his ecclesiastical, educational and political activity in Ceylon, 1904-1924   Brian EATHARD   Dr Avril Powell
1991   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   The political culture of the urban poor: the United Provinces between the two World Wars   N GOOPTU   Dr R S Chandavarkar
1991   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   Azariah and Indian Christianity in the late years of the Raj   S Bharper HARPER, s b
1991   DPhil   Oxford, Green College   Public health and medical research in India, c. 1860-1914   Mark HARRISON   Miss M H Pelling; Dr P J Weindling
1991   PhD   London, King’s College   Rhizolith occurrence and formation within the quartnary coastal deposits of Tamil Nadu State, South East India   Derek Albert HENDRY   Dr R Garner
1991   PhD   London, Wye   Economic analysis of production opportunities, constraints and improvement policies in coconut-based farming systems in Sri Lanka   Mudiyanselage Anura Lokubandara HERATH
1991   MPhil   Wales   Performance, problems and potential of irrigated land settlements in Sri Lanka: an analysis of past policies   Thosapala HEWAGE
1991   PhD   Cambridge   Tax reform, public pricing and trade protection in Bangladesh   S M HOSSAIN
1991   PhD   London, SOAS   The production and use of ritual terracottas in India   Stephen Porter HUYLER
1991   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Defence production in a third world country: the case of the Indian aircraft industry 1940-1980   Shireen Karim Alimohamed JANMOHAMED   Prof E A Roberts
1991   PhD   London, LSE   Rice, work and community among the Kelabit of Sarawak, East Malaysia   Monica Rachel Hughes JANOWSKI
1991   PhD   Stirling   Fishery, population dynamics and breeding biology of Panulirus homarus (L.)on the south coast of Sri Lanka   D S JAYAKODY
1991   PhD   Stirling   The utilisation of acid sulphate on soils for shrimp (Oenaeus monodon)culture on the west coast of Sri Lanka   J JAYASINGHE
1991   PhD   Durham   Perception of, and adjustment to. drought hazard by farmers in southern Sri Lanka   N L A KARUNARATNE
1991   DPhil   Oxford, Trinity   Competing through technology and manufacturing: a study of the Indian commerical vehicles industry   Sanjay KATHURIA   Dr J L Enos
1991   PhD   Leicester   Primary geochemistry and secondary dispersion from gold prospects in the Karkoram and Hindu Kush, northern Pakistan   Abdul KHALIQ
1991   PhD   London, RHBNC   The contribution of the All India Muslim Educational Conference to the educational and cultural development of Indian Muslims, 1886-1947   Abdul Rashid KHAN   Dr F C Robinson
1991   PhD   Sheffield   Low income settlement in city fringes: a case study of eastern fringe Dhaka   R A KHAN   Dr C Choguill
1991   PhD   Edinburgh   Women’s work and rural transformation in India: a study from Gujerat   Uma KOTHARI
1991   DPhil   Sussex   The role of women in household survival strategies: a case study from an urban low-income settlement in Colombo, Sri Lanka   Chandrika KOTTEGODA   Dr K Young
1991   PhD   Warwick   Critical reflections on law and public enterprises in Bangladesh   A K MASUDAL HAQUE
1991   PhD   Sheffield   Urban services in the national cities of India: organisation, financing, planning and delivery   B MATHUR
1991   DPhil   Oxford   The ecological interaction between habitat composition, habitat quality and abundance of some wild ungulates in India   V B MATHUR
1991   PhD   Bath   Poverty and patronage: a study of credit, development and change in rural Bangladesh   James Allister McGREGOR   Dr D G Wood
1991   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Caste, nationalism and communism in Malabar, 1900-1948   D M MENON   Dr R S Chandravarkar
1991   PhD   Southampton   Municipal finance and local self government: the Indian experience   Rajalakshmi MISHRA   Dr D M Hill
1991   PhD   Durham   Industrial water pollution in a surface water system in Colombo, Sri Lanka   S K MOHAMMED-ALI   Prof I G Simmons
1991   PhD   Warwick   The migration and racialisation of doctors fromthe Indian subcontinent   P J MOSS
1991   PhD   London, LSE   India and the Middle East: constancy of policy in the context of changing perspectives, 1947-1986   Prithvi Ram MUDIAM   Dr G Sen
1991   PhD   Surrey   The impact of industrialisation and urbanisation on Patidar women in the Khada District of Gujerat   P R NATTRESS
1991   PhD   Cambridge, Clare Hall   People and trees: gender relations and participation in social forestry in West Bengal, India   C A NESMITH   Dr T P Bayliss-Smith
1991   PhD   Nottingham   Urban lower-middle class and middle income housing: an investigation into affordability and options, Dhaka, Bangladesh   Mohammed Mahbubur RAHMAN   Prof J C Moughton; Mr S Jalloh
1991   PhD   Exeter   Location-allocation modelling for primary health provision in Bangladesh   S-U RAHMAN
1991   MSc   Kent   On the systematics and ecology of some freshwater turtles of Bangladesh   S M A RASHID
1991   PhD   London, SOAS   Structure and performance: a case study of Pakistan’s large scale manufacturing sector (1950-1987)   Shahnaz RAUF
1991   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   Inter-urban and rural-urban linkages in terms of migration and remittances: case study – Durgapur (West Bengal)   J RAY CHAUDHURI   Prof G P Chapman
1991   PhD   London, King’s   A comparison of the diet and health of pre-menopausal Indian and Caucasian vegetarian women   Sheela REDDY
1991       Cranfield, Silsoe   A case study on training and development of cooperative managers in implementing “Irrigation management programme” of Bangladesh Rural Development Board in Hossainpur Upazila, Bangladesh   M A SADEQUE
1991   PhD   Warwick   Towards a definition of Indian literary feminism: an analysis of the novels of K Markandaya, N Sahgal and A Desai   Minola K SALGADO   Ms P Dunbar
1991   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   South Asian Muslim politics, 1937-1958   Ahmad Y SAMAD   Dr T Raychaudhuri
1991   PhD   London, SOAS   Poverty, growth and stagnation in north Indian agriculture: a comparative study in the political economy of poverty generation in western and eastern Uttar Pradash in the early 1970s   Jean Diana SARGENT
1991   PhD   CNAA, Leicester Poly   Speech in Sri Lankan cleft palate subjects with delayed palatoplasty   D A SELL
1991   DPhil   Oxford, Wadham   The biology of vitex (verbenaceae)in Sri Lanka   Balangeda M P SINGHAKUMARA   Dr C Huxley-Lambrick
1991   PhD   London, King’s   Nabob, historian and orientalist: the life and writing of Robert Orme (1728-1801)   Asora SW TAMMITA-DELGODA   Prof P J Marshall
1991   PhD   London, LSE   Donors, development and dependence: some lessons from Bangladesh, 1971-1986   Peter Graeme Rugge THOMSON   Prof M Desai
1991   PhD   East Anglia   Errant males and the divided woman: melodrana and sexual difference in the Hindi social film of the 1950s   Ravi VASUDEVAN
1991   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   The uplift history of the Western Ghats in India   Mike WIDDOWSON   Dr K G Cox; Prof A S Goudie
1991   PhD   Salford   The causes and processes of rural-urban migration in 19th and early 20th century India: the case of Ratnagiri district   G M YAMIN
1992   PhD   East Anglia   Models of household behaviour in subsistence agriculture: a case study of NWFP in Pakistan   Farman ALI   Prof A Parikh
1992   PhD   London, King’s   Nation-building and the nature of conflict in South Asia: a search for patterns in the use of force as a political instrument within and between the states of the region   Syed Mahmud ALI
1992   PhD   Aberdeen   Aspects of Islamic revival and consciousness in Bangladesh, 1905 AC and 1975 AC   A N M AMIN
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Colonialism and the transformation of matriliny in Malabar, 1850-1940   G ARUNIMA   Dr R S Chandavarkar
1992   LLD   Edinburgh   Dravidian studies   Ronald ASHER
1992   PhD   Kent   The political implications of migration: a study of the British Sikh community   S BALI   Mr K Webb
1992   PhD   Manchester   A study of aspects of Indian theatre and its role: consideration and strategies for developing theatre in education in India   S N BARHANPURKAR   Dr Jackson
1992   PhD   London^hUC   The temples of the interface: a study of the relation between Buddhism and Hinduism at the Munnervaram temples, Sri Lanka   Rohan Neil BASTIN
1992   PhD   London, SOAS   Poverty and power: survival strategies of the poorest in three villages of West Bengal, India   Anthony BECK   Dr R W Bradnock
1992   DPhil   Oxford, St Anne’s   The English East India Company and Hindu laws of property in Bengal, 1765-1801: appropriation and invention of tradition   Nandini BHATTACHARYYA-PANDA   Dr T Raychaudhuri
1992   MLitt   Oxford, Magdalen    South Asian women, midwives and the maternity system: the role of cultural differences in the creation of inequality   Isobel M W BOWLER   Dr R W Dingwall
1992   PhD   London, LSE   Agricultural pricing in developing countries: Pakistan 1960-1988   David Patrick COADY   Prof N H Stern
1992   PhD   St Andrews   Alexander Dalrymple (1737-1808), hydrographer to the East India Company and to the Admiralty, as publisher: a catalogue of books and charts.   Andrew COOK   Dr B P Lenman
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Selwyn   Cross cultural conflict analysis: the “reality” of British victory in the second Anglo-Maratha War, 1803-1805   Randolf G S COOPER   Dr G Johnson
1992   DPhil   Sussex   The determinants of private consumption and the impact of fiscal policy: a study of Sri Lanka   Ginige A C DE SILVA   Prof M T Sumner
1992   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Aspects of community participation among the slum dwellers in achieving housing in Bombay   Vandana DESAI   Dr M J Banks; Dr G C K Peach
1992   DPhil   Sussex   Biomass entitlements and rural poverty in India: a village study of crop residues in south Gujerat   Priyamwada DESHINGKAR   Dr M Greeley
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Girton   Indian thought, myth and folklore in the fiction of Rudyard Kipling and E M Forster   C R DEVADAWSON   Prof J B Beer
1992   PhD   London, UC   Residential location of low-income households in Hyderabad, India   Pothuia Jonathan DHARMARAJ
1992   PhD   London, UC   Residential location of low-income households in Hyderabad, India   J P DHARMARAT
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Religion, identity and authority among the Satnamis in colonial central India   S DUBE   Dr R O’Hanlon
1992   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson College   Continuity and recreation in the performing arts of India: a study of two artistic traditions   Anne-Marie GASTON   Mr B R Wilson
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Wolfson   The institutional politics of gender in development policy for rural development in Bangladesh   A M M GOETZ   Mr G P Hawthorn
1992   PhD   CNAA, Central England   The “Karnata Dravida” tradition: development of Indian temple architecture in Karnataka 7th to 13th centuries   C A HARDY
1992   PhD   Open   State policy, liberalisation and the development of the Indian software industry   Richard Brendan HEEKS
1992   DPhil   Oxford   Entreprenurial decline and the end of Empire: British business in India, 1919-1949   A-M HISRA
1992   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   Music of Northern Pakistan   C E HUEHNS   Dr R F Davis
1992   PhD   London, SOAS   Female migrants’ adaptation in Dhaka: a case study of the processes of urban socio-economic change   Shahnaz HUQ-HUSSAIN   Dr R W Bradnock
1992   PhD   Bristol   Hindu Muslim inter group relations in Bangladesh: a cognitive inter group analysis   Mir R ISLAM   Prof M R C Hewstone
1992   MLitt   Cambridge, Christ’s   Medical choice in an urban village: a study of Zamrudpur, Delhi   R JALOTA
1992   MPhil   London, Wye   The economics of tea investments: an assessment of factors influencing the profitability of management and rehabilitation of tea establishments in Sri Lanka   Jayakodi Arachchige Maikanthi JAYAKODY
1992   MPhil   Liverpool   The response of democratic governments to armed resistance: India, Argentina, Peru, Colombia and Northern Ireland   J KARUMBIAH
1992   PhD   Leicester   Plume-lithosphere interaction: petrology of Rajmahal continental flood basalts and associated lamproites, Northeast India   Raymond William KENT
1992   PhD   Nottingham   Housing and landslides: a case study in Murree, Pakistan   Amir Nawaz KHAN   Prof J C Moughtin; Mr S Jalloh
1992   MPhil   Bradford   Investment in human capital in Pakistan   M N KHAN
1992   PhD   Strathclyde   Foreign aid, domestic saving and economic growth in retrospect: the case of Pakistan (1960-1988)   Naheed Zia KHAN   Dr E Rahim
1992   PhD   Strathclyde   Settlement processes and strategy in metropolitan areas: policy options for improvements of slums in Pakistan   Dost-Ali KHOWAJA   A Ramsey
1992   PhD   London, Wye   Irrigation systems management under diversified cropping in Sri Lanka: a multiple objective economic assessment on performance of main-water management   Hemesiri Bandara KOTAGAMA
1992   DPhil   Oxford, St Cath’s   A description of the trade in readers for children by Longmans to British India and by Thomas Nelson to the British West Indies (1900-1939)and an examination of the structure of motifs in the readers’ texts   Wayne Barry KUBLALSINGH   Dr T F Eagleton
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill College   State power and the erosion of colonial authority in Uttar Pradesh, India, 1930-42   G KUDAISYA   Prof D A Low
1992   PhD   Cambridge   The public career of G D Birla, 1911-1947   M Mlf G S KUDAISYA   Prof D A Low
1992   PhD   London, LSE   An anthropological account of Islamic holy men in Bangladesh   Samual Peter LANDELL-MILLS   Dr A A F Gell
1992   PhD   London, LSE   Inequality, poverty and mobility: the experience of a north Indian village   Peter Frederik LANJOUW   Prof N Stern
1992   PhD   Wales, Cardiff   Planning education in small dispersed island states with particular reference to the Maldives   Mohamed LATHEEF
1992   PhD   London, LSE   The demography of Indian famines: a historical perspective   A MAHARATNA
1992   MPhil   London, King’s   The British in Bihar, 1757-81   Paramita MAHARATNA   Prof P J Marshall
1992   MPhil   London, King’s   The establishment of British rule in Bihar, 1757-1981   Paraamita MAHARATNA   Prof P J Marshall
1992   MPhil   East Anglia   Rural development in Pakistan: role and some effects of public sector   Abrar Ahmad MALIK
1992   DPhil   Sussex   A study of rural poverty in Pakistan with special reference to agricultural price policy   Shahnawaz MALIK   Mr P Chaudhuri
1992   PhD   Liverpool   Prevalence and genetics of resistance of antimicrobial agents in faecal enterobacteriaceae from children in Bangladesh   K Z MAMUM
1992   PhD   Bradford   Foreign joint ventures in Bangladesh: an empirical investigation of joint ventures in a less developed country between foreign multinational countries and local enterpirses: the case of Bangladesh   G S MAOLA   Prof P J Buckley
1992   DPhil   Oxford, St Hilda’s    Entreprenurial decline and the end of the Empire: British business in India, 1919-1949   Anna-Maria MISRA   Dr T Raychaudhuri; Dr D R Tomlinson
1992   PhD   London, Birkbeck   Languages as identity symbols: an investigation into language attitudes and behaviour amongst second-generation South Asian schoolchildren in Britain including the special case of Hindi and Urdu   M C MOBBS
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Gonville     From cattle to cane: the economic and social transformation of a Tarai village, North India   R H MONTGOMERY   Dr C Humphrey
1992   MPhil   Leicester   British newspaper coverage of Pakistan   Ahmad MUKHTAR   P Golding
1992   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   Food Engel curves and equivalence scales in Sri Lanka   M MURTHI
1992   PhD   Glasgow   The institution of cooperation, credit and the process of of development in the Indian and Pakistan Punjabs   K MUSTAFA
1992   PhD   CNAA, Huddersfield   Hindu students in a further education college: an ethnographic enquiry   P OLIVER
1992   DPhil   Oxford , Hertford College   Distress sales and exchange relations in a rural area of Rayalaseema Andhra Pradesh   Wendy K OLSEN   Mrs J U Heyer
1992   PhD   Newcastle   Vulnerability, seasonality and the public distribution system in western India: a micro-level study   E A OUGHTON
1992   PhD   Warwick   Education and community in colonial Jallandhar, 1880-1935   Rajvinder S PAL   Dr D A Washbrook
1992   PhD   London, LSE   Electricity demand and pricing in India, 1947-1986   Kirtida Vimai PARIKH   Dr M S Morgan
1992   PhD   London, Wye   Micropropogation of the Sri Lankan anthurium cultivar “Crinkled Red” (Anthurium andreanum Lind)   Sriyani Edussuriya PEIRIS
1992   MPhil   CNAA, St John’s College, Nottingham   The extended family in spouse selection: a critical study and theological evaluation of the patterns of Christian family life in India (especially in the churches of South India)   P S C POTHAN
1992   PhD   Sheffield   A study of rainfall fluctuations in the homogeneous rainfall regimes in Sri Lanka   M PUVANESWARAN
1992   PhD   Stirling   Studies of filter feeding carps of commerical importance in Bangladesh with particular emphasis on the use of automated counting methods   S RAHMATULLAH
1992   PhD   Strathclyde   Solar radiation assessment in Pakistan   I A RAJA
1992   DPhil   Oxford, Nuffield   Forest policy in the Central Provinces, 1860-1914   Mahesh RANGARAJAN   Dr T Raychaudhuri
1992   DPhil   Oxford, Linacre College   Ecophysiology of natural regeneration of “Abies pindrow” in the moist temperate forest of Pakistan   RAZA-UL-HAQ   Mr F B Thompson; Dr P S Savill
1992   PhD   London, External   Recent Christian-Hindu dialogue with reference to Christology   Robert Arthur ROBINSON
1992   MPhil   Newcastle upon Tyne   Changing the attitudes of staff in a residential setting in India – a case study   N ROTTON
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Fitzwilliam   The effect of regular deworming on the growth, health and nutritional status of pre-school children in Bangladesh   Emily Kate ROUSHAM   Dr C G Mascie-Taylor
1992   PhD   South Bank   Effects of psycho-cultural factors on the socialization of British born Indian and indigenous British children living in England   D SACHDEV
1992   PhD   Birmingham   An ecumenical ecclesiology: an historical and systemaic theological enquiry into the Church of North India   D K SAHU
1992   PhD   Reading   A systems approach to the study of potential production of boro rice in the Haor region of Bangladesh   M U SALAM
1992   PhD   Aberdeen   Farm level approaches to tree growing in agroforestry in Haryana, India   P K SARDANA
1992   DPhil   Oxford, Green   Adoption and rejection of eucalyptus on farms in North-West India   Naresh C SAXENA   Dr B Harriss; Mr J E M Arnold
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Women workers in the Bengal jute industry, 1890-1940: migration, motherhood and militancy   S SEN   Dr R S Chandabarkar
1992   PhD   Cambridge^hTrinity   Literary representation of national identity and the rhetoric of nationalism in Raja Rao’s Kanthapura   R SETHI   Mr T J L Cribb
1992   DPhil   Sussex   The determinants of private consumption and the impact of fiscal policy: a study of Sri Lanka   G A C de SILVIA
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Gonville   A forest policy for Western India: the Dangs, 1800s-1920s   A SKARIA   Prof C A Bayly
1992   MPhil   Birmingham   The encounter between Christianity and Buddhism in Sri Lanka from the perspective of the Lausanne Movement   S F SKUCE
1992   MPhil   Birmingham   The development of Gandhi’s moral and religious philosophy from 1888-1921   G E SMITH
1992   PhD   Leicester   The geology of the roof-zone of the Kohistan Batholith, Northwestern Pakistan   Michael A SULLIVAN
1992   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   The military and the state in colonial Punjab, 1900–1939   T Yong TAN   Prof D A Low
1992   PhD   London, SOAS   Competing identities: the problem of what to wear in late colonial and contemporary India   Emma Josephine TARLO
1992   DPhil   Oxford, St John’s College   Studies in English and European writing on India, 1600-1800   Kate ( Katherine S) TELTSCHER   Prof J Carey; Mr J B Katz
1992   PhD   London, LSE   Health attitudes and personal health care decisions in Bombay, India   Bayjool THAKKER   Dr J E Stockdale
1992   PhD   London, LSE   Personal health care decisions in Bombay, India   B THAKKER
1992   PhD   East Anglia   NGOs and rural development process in India: case studies from Rayalaseema   V UMA
1992   PhD   London, SOAS   The personal pronouns and their related clitics in six Khasi dialects: a grammatical and sociolinguistic study   B WAR
1992   PhD   CNAA, North London   Sir Walter Lawrence and India, 1879-1918   Catherine Mary WILSON   Prof D Judd; Dr P Mercer
1993   PhD   Open   Women’s home-based income generation as a strategy towards poverty survival: dynamics of the “Khannawalli” (mealmaking)activity of Bombay   D ABBOTT   Mr A Thoms
1993   PhD   Wales, Cardiff   The role of communication in the rise of the Islamic movements in the Muslim world with special reference to Egypt, Kuwait, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Turkey   K ABU-ALKHAIR
1993   PhD   Cambridge, Girton   The People’s Party, the National Awami League and the political dynamics of federalism in Pakistan   S J AHMED   Mr G P Hawthorn
1993   PhD   Dundee   E M Forster at home and abroad: British and non-British elements in his fiction   A AL-HOUT
1993   PhD   Reading   Farmer-extension worker interaction and upstream information transfer in the T   V extension system in Bangladesh   Md. Mozahar ALI   Prof M J Rolls
1993   PhD   London, Ext (LSHTM)   Cultural influences on contraceptive behaviour in rural Bangaldesh   A AL-SABIR   J Simons
1993   PhD   Bradford   Agricultural credit for small farmers in Northern Pakistan: an analysis of access and productivity impact   Shehla Nasreen AMJAD   Dr Allan Low; Dr Behrooz Morvaridi
1993   PhD   East Anglia   Women’s experiences of a survival strategy: commoditisation of folk embroidery in Gujarat, India   J B ANDHARIA
1993   PhD   Liverpool   Seaweed resources in Sri Lanka: culture of Gracilaria and intertidal surveys   P ANNESTY JAYASURIYA
1993   PhD   Sheffield   A study of significant historic buildings in Lahore, leading towards the formulation of a national conservation policy for Pakistan   M Y AWAN   A Craven
1993   DPhil   York   The management of ethnic secessionist conflict with special reference to devolution of government: the external dimension and the big neighbour syndrome   Abersinghe BANDARA   Prof A Dunsire; Dr A Leftwich
1993   DPhil   Oxford, Somerville   A study of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement 1930-1947, North West Frontier Province, British India   Mukulika BANERJEE   Prof J Davis
1993   MPhil   Eales, Cardiff   A survey of the Pakistani Muslim community in Cardiff   P G BATEMAN
1993   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Agrarian reforms and the politics of the Left in West Bengal   D BHATTACHARYYA   Mr G P Hawthorn
1993   PhD   Leeds   Salisbury at the India Office, 1866-67 and 1874-78   Paul R BRUMPTON   Dr E D Steele
1993   PhD   London, SOAS   Contesting the resource: the politics of forest management in colonial Burma   Raymond Leslie BRYANT
1993   PhD   London, UC   The incompatability between the the needs of low-income households and the perceptions and attitudes of architects and planners: a case study of Lahore, Pakistan   Arif Qayyum BUTT
1993   PhD   Kent   Confidence building measures in South Asia   Navnita CHADHA   Prof A J R Groom
1993   DPhil   Oxford   The changing nature of the Indian hill station   A CHATERJI
1993   MLitt   Oxford, St Hilda’s   The changing nature of the Indian Hill Station   Aditi CHATTERJI   Dr D I Scargill
1993   PhD   Keele   Paul Scott’s “Raj Quartet”: historical approaches and Bakhtinian readings   P CHILDS
1993   MPhil   Sheffield   Applicability of the CDS-ISIS package in the automation of University libraries with partciular reference to India   S CHOWDHURY
1993   PhD   London, SOAS   Colonialism and cultural identity: the making of a Hindu discourse, Bengal, 1867-1905   Indira CHOWDHURY-SENGUPTA   Prof D J Arnold
1993   MPhil   London, SOAS   The rhythmic organisation of North Indian classical music: tal, lay and laykari   Martin Richard Lawson CLAYTON
1993   PhD   London, SOAS   From Bhakti to Buddhism: early Dalit literature and ideology   Philip John CONSTABLE   Prof D J Arnold
1993   PhD   London   The relevance and feasibility of community-based production of leaf concentrate as a supplement for pre-school children in Sri Lanka   David Nicholas COX
1993   PhD   Edinburgh   Size isn’t everything: an anthropologist’s view of the cook, the potter, her engineer and his donor in appropriate technology development in Sri Lanka, Kenya and UK   Emma CREWE   Dr A Good; Dr M Noble
1993   PhD   Essex   An empirical study of technical and allocative efficiency of wheat farmers in the Indian village of Palanpur   A CROPPENSTEDT
1993   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Privilege and policy: the indigenous elite and the colonial education system in Ceylon, 1869-1948   Lakshmi K DANIEL   Dr T Raychaudhuri
1993   PhD   REading   Weed ecology studies in Sri Lanka: competition studies with maize, barley and oilseed rape   N P DISSANAYAKER
1993   M.Phil   Edinburgh   A study of the indigenous contribution to Tamil Saiva bhakti   C J EDEN
1993   PhD   Lancaster   Epic naratives inthe Hoysala temples: the Ramayana, Mahabharata and Bhagavata Purana in Halebid, Belur and Amrtapura   Kirsti Kaarina EVANS   Dr David Smith
1993   PhD   CNAA, Brighton Poly   Sport and South Asian male youth   S FLEMING
1993   PhD   Manchester   Intermarriage of Zoroastrian women in bombay   H K FRASER
1993   PhD   Brunel   TV talk in a London Punjabi peer culture   M GILLESPIE
1993   PhD   Keele   Occasions of grace: interpretations of truth in Paul Scott’s “The Raj Quartet”   P A GLOVER
1993   PhD   London, LSE   The multiplicity of agencies promoting the health of refugees, with a case study of the Afghans in Pakistan, 1978-1989   Nancy GODFREY   Prof B Abel-Smith
1993   PhD   Open   The Gujeratis of Bolton: the leaders and the led   K G HAHLO
1993   PhD   Loughborough   Acquiring foreign language materials for Pakistani libraries: a study   Syed Jalaluddin HAIDER   Prof J P Feather
1993   Phil   East Anglia   The implications of tourism for the environment: a Maldives case study   H HAMEED
1993   PhD   London, SOAS   Eurasians in British India, 1773-1833: the making of a reluctant community   Christopher John HAWES   Prof D J Arnold
1993   PhD   Aberdeen   Some aspects of the chemistry and mineralogy of soil magnesium in relation to Camellia growth on Sri Lankan acid tea soils   L HETTIARACHCHI
1993   PhD   Manchester   Management control in public sector enterprises: a case study of budgeting in the jute industry of Bangladesh   A K M Z HOQUE   Prof T Hopper
1993   PhD   Salford   Rural accessibility and agricultural development in Bangladesh   N A HUQ   Dr R D Knowles
1993   PhD   London, LSE   Decentralized resource allocation in primary health care: formal methods and their application in Britain and Pakistan   M ISHFAQ
1993   PhD   Manchester   Transnational corporations and economic development: a study of the Malaysian electronics industry   M N ISMAIL
1993   PhD   Edinburgh   Rice marketing in Pakistan: the case for liberalisation ?   Amanat Ali JALBANI
1993   DPhil   York   Language maintenance and bilingualism in Darbhanga   Shailjanand JHA   Dr C Verma
1993   PhD   Cambridge   Industrial concentration and performance: an empirical study of the structure, conduct and performance of Indian industry (1970-1985)   U S KAMBHAMPATI
1993   PhD   London   A genetic analysis of diabetes mellitus in subjects of Indian origin   Parminder Kaur KAMBO
1993   MPhil   Strathclyde   Famine and poliocy in the Central Provinces of India: the crises of 1896/97 and 1899/1900   Nicalas W KEYS   Dr P S Collins
1993   PhD   Kent   Regional conflict in South Asia: the route to intractability in the Kashmir conflict, 1947-1990   A Robert KHAN   Prof A J R Groom
1993   MPhil   Wales, Bangor   Wood production through agroforestry in Charsadda district, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan   F S KHAN
1993   DPhil   Oxford, St Hilda’s    Indian Muslim perceptions of the West during the 18th century   Gulfishan KHAN   Dr I Malik
1993   PhD   Wales, Bangor   Ex-post cost benefit analysis of village woodlots of Gujarat, India   J A KHAN
1993   PhD   London, External   The history of printing and publishing in Ceylon, with special reference to Sinhalese books, 1737-1912   Egodahettiarachchige Don Tilakapala KULARATNE
1993   MLitt   Cambridge   The security of new states, Pakistan and Singapore: a study in contrast and compulsion   A UL I LATIF
1993   MLitt   Glasgow   The imperial eye: perceptions in British photography (1850-1870)of India and the Near East   Alison J LINDSAY   Dr C A Wilson
1993   DPhil   Oxford, Somerville   The role of culture in India’s international relations   V MANI
1993   PhD   London, SOAS   Caring women: power and ritual in Gujerati households in East London   Merryle Ann McDONALD   Dr N Lindisfarne
1993   PhD   Cambridge   Governance and resistance in north Indian towns, c.1860-1900   Patrick M McGINN   Prof C A Bayly
1993   PhD   City   Gamaka and Alamkara: concepts of vocal ornamentation with reference to Bara Khayal   S M McINTOCH
1993   PhD   Aston   Management role in employee participation: a comparative study of multination enterprisei n India and the UK   Santrupt MISRA   Dr R Lumley
1993   PhD   Aston   Management role in employee participation: a comparative study of multinational enterprises in India and the UK   Santrupt MISRA   Dr R Lumley
1993   PhD   London, LSE   Inside and outside: conceptual continuities from household to region in Kumaon, North India   Joanne MOLLER   Dr C Fuller
1993   MPhil   Loughborough   Performance of concrete buried pipe distribution systems of surface irrigation under farm manager’s management in Tangail, Bangladesh   Mohammed Abdul Karim MRIDHA   Mr I K Smout
1993   PhD   London, Wye   The economic evaluation of agricultural research in Sri Lanka   Jeyaluxmy NADARAJAH
1993   PhD   Cambridge, St Edmund’s   Co-option and control: the role of the colonial army in India, 1918-47   Namrata NARAIN   Dr R S Chandavarkar
1993   PhD   London, LSE   Kinship, marriage and womanhood among the Nakarattars of South India   Yuko NISHIMURA   Dr C Fuller
1993   PhD   Guildhall   The determinants of direct overseas investment from Singapore   Samual Bassey OKPOSEN   M Cowen
1993   PhD   Hull   British policy and Chinese policy in Malaya, 1942-1955   HAK CHING OONG   C J Christie
1993   PhD   London, LSE   Making hierarchy natural: the cultural construction of gender and maturity in Kerala, India   Caroline OSELLA   Dr C Fuller; Dr J P Parry
1993   PhD   London, LSE   Caste, class, power and social mobility in Kerala, India   Filippo OSELLA   Dr C Fuller; Dr J P Parry
1993   DPhil   Oxford, Christ Church   The confusions of an imperialist inheritance: the Labour Party and the Indian problem, 1940-1947   Nicholas J OWEN   Dr J G Darwin
1993   DPhil   York   Imperialism, insularity and identity: the novels of Paul Scott   G Martin PATERSON   Mr Landig White
1993   PhD   London, UC   Effects of land use policies on land prices in middle income housing, Hyderabad, India   Padmavathi PERVAR
1993   PhD   London, UC   Sir Leonard Rogers F.R.S. (1868-1962): tropical medicine in the Indian Medical Service   Helen Joy POWER   Prof WF Bynum
1993   DPhil   Oxford, Campion Hall   Satnamis: the changing status of a scheduled caste in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradash   Gnana PRAKASAM   Dr N J Allen
1993   MPhil   Wales, Aberystwyth   The career of Robert, first baron Clive (1725-1764) with special reference to his administrative and political career   David Livett PRIOR   Prof P D G Thomas
1993   PhD   London, QMW   Belonging and not belonging: understanding India in novels by Paul Scott, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and V S Naipaul   Janet Mariana PUGH
1993   PhD   Newcastle upon Tyne   Coping strategies of domestic workers: a study of three settlements in Delhi metropolitan region, India   P RAGHURAM   Dr J D Jones
1993   MPhil   Leicester   Conceptions of health and health care among two generations of Gujerati-speaking Hindu women in Leicester   V RAJA
1993   PhD   London, LSE   The political economy of agrarian policies in Kerala: a study of state intervention in agricultural commodity markets with particular reference to dairy pmarkets   Velayudhan RAJAGOPALAN   Prof T J Nossiter
1993   PhD   Hull   Religion, politics and the secular state in India after independence   C S RANGANATHAN
1993   PhD   London, LSE   Construction of female gender in rural north India   Deborah Edith RUTTER   Dr J P Parry
1993   MPhil   Newcastle-upon-Tyne   Modelling growth of rainfed and irrigated sugarcane in the dryzone of Sri Lanka   K SANMUGANATHAN
1993   PhD   Hull   Tribes, politics and social change in India: a case study iof the Mullukurumbas of the Nilgiri Hills   S SATHIANATHAN
1993   PhD   Keele   The sources and supply of basic foods in Dhaka City   Sayeed SAYEED
1993   PhD   London, SOAS   Pollution theory and Harijan strategies among south Indian Tamils   Yasumasa SEKINE
1993   PhD   London, Inst Comm   The linkages between Pakistan’s domestic policies and its foreign policy, 1971-1991   Mehtab-Ali SHAH   Dr P H Lyon
1993   PhD   UEA   Various approaches to the measurement of inefficiency in Pakistani agriculture: an empirical investigation   M K SHAR
1993   PhD   London, SOAS   Consumer protection law in India: a socio-legal study   Gurjeet SINGH
1993   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Quarternary alluvial sedimentology in Bihar, India   Rajeev SINHA   Dr P F Friend
1993   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   On religion and renunciation: the case of the Raikas of western Rajahastan   Vinay Kumar SRIVASTAVA   Dr C Humphrey
1993   PhD   Leicester   The empire aggrandized, a study in commemorative portrait statuary exported from Britain to her colonies in South Asia, 1800-1939   M A STEGGIES
1993   MPhil   Warwick   South Asians and employment in Great Britain with particular reference to agriculture   R H G SUGGETT
1993   OhD   London, SOAS   Peasant agriculture and tenancy in Orissa (India): a study of three villages at different levels of development, with special reference to share tenancy   M SWAIN
1993   PhD   Warwick   The politics of homeland: a study of ethnic linkages and political mobilisation amongst Sikhs in Britain and North America   D S TALLA
1993   PhD   Edinburgh   Lakshmi in the market place: traders and farmers in a north Indian market   M S TOMAR   Dr P M Jeffrey; Dr R Jeffrey
1993   PhD   Hull   Nagas in the museum: an anthropological study of the material cculture of the Hill People of the Assam-Burnma border   Andrew OChristopher WEST   Mr L G Hill
1993   PhD   London, SOAS   The politics of moderation: Britain and the Indian Liberal Party, 1917-1923   Philip Graham WOODS   Prof D J Arnold
1993   PhD   Leeds   Afghanistan in the defence of India, 1903-1915   Christopher Mark WYATT   Dr K M Wilson
1993   PhD   Exeter   The correlates of contraceptive and fertility behaviour withon the framework of sociocultural ideology: a case study of two urban centres of Pakistan   M I ZAFAR
1994   PhD   Glasgow   The non-compliant behaviour of the small states of South Asia: Nepal and Bangladesh in relation to India   S AFROZE
1994   MPhil   Lancaster   The status of women and fertility: a case study of Pakistani women in Rochdale    Salma AHMAD   Dr Suzette Heald; Dr Sarah Franklin
1994   PhD   London, UC   The hydrogeology of the Dupi Tila sands acquifer of the Barind tract, NA Bangladesh   Kazi Matin Uddin AHMED   Dr W G Burgess
1994   PhD   Cambridge, Wolfson   Behavioural ecology of the Hoolock gibbon (Hylobates Hoolock)in Bangladesh   M F AHSAN   Dr D J Chivers
1994   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   Violence and the state in the partition of Punjab, 1947-48   Swarna AIYAR   Prof D A Low
1994   PhD   Manchester   Taxation and economic development in Bangladesh with special reference to indirect taxation   Sofia H J ALI   Ms W Olsen
1994   PhD   Salford   Environmental assessment for wetlands management in Sri Lanka   M D AMARASINGHE
1994   PhD   Cambridge, Fitzwilliam   Residential land price changes in selected peripheral colonies of Lucknow City, India, 1970-1990   F AMITABH   Dr S E Corbridge
1994   PhD   Cranfield, Silsoe   Mechanisation of grain harvesting in Pakistan   Nadeem AMJAD
1994   PhD   London, SOAS   Women’s consciousness and assertion in colonial India: gender, social reform and politics in Maharashtra, c.1870-c.1920   P ANAGOL-McGINN
1994   PhD   London, SOAS   Women’s consciousness and assertion in colonial India: gender, social reform and politics in Maharashtra, c.1870-1920   Padma ANAGOL-McGINNnagol   Prof D J Arnold
1994   PhD   Strathclyde   Tourism in developing countries: a case study of Pakistan   M I ANWAR
1994   PhD   Bradford   The understanding of truth and the human person in Gandhi’s thought   C ARBER
1994   PhD   Leicester   Mineralogy, geochemistry and stable isotope studies of the ultramafic rocks from the Swat Valley ophiolite, North Western Pakistan: implications for the genesis of emerald and nickeliferous opaque phases   Mohammad ARIF
1994   PhD   Edinburgh   The understanding of pastoral care and counselling in the Church of South India, with special reference to the work of the Christian Counselling Centre, Velore   Nalini ARLES   Prof A F Walls; Dr D Lyall
1994   PhD   Birmingham   Bangladeshi community organisations in East London: a case study analysis   M A ASGHAR
1994   PhD   London, SOAS   Naqshbandi Sufis in a western setting   A T ATAY
1994   PhD   London, LSHTM   Cost effectiveness of anti-malaria activities in Sri Lanka   A M G G N K ATTANAYAKE
1994   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Is education beneficial ? A microeconomic analysis of the impact of education on the economic welfare of a developing country, Sri Lanka   D H C ATURUPANE   Dr P B Seabright
1994   PhD   Leicester   The Koga feldspathoidal syenite, North Western Pakistan: mineralogy and industrial applications   Iftikar Hussain BALOCH
1994   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Workers’ politics in Bengal, 1890-1929: mill-towns, strikes and nationalist agitations   Subho BASU   Dr R S Chandavarkar
1994   BLitt   Oxford, Lady Margaret   The famine of 1899-1900 and the government of India   M BHABA
1994   PhD   Essex   A comparative sociolinguistic study of urban and rural Sindhi   M Q BUGHIO
1994   PhD   Southampton   India, Sri Lanka and the Tamil crisis, 1976-1990   A J BULLION
1994   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Fluvial landforms and sediments in the North-Central Gangetic plain, India   S CHANDRA   Dr K S Richards
1994   PhD   London, LSE   Legislators in India: a comparison of MLAs in five states   Virender Kumar CHOPRA   Prof T J Nossiter
1994   PhD   London, King’s   The development of Singapore land law as influenced by English and Australian law   Panicker Alice CHRISTUDASON
1994   PhD   Cambridge, King’s    Urban texts: an interpretation of the architectural, textual and artefactual records of a Sri Lankan early historic city   R A E CONINGHAM   Dr F R Allchin
1994   PhD   Kent   Indias of the mind: the construction of post-colonial identity in Salman Rushdie’s fiction   C P CUNDY
1994   MLitt   Bristol   British Baptist missionary activity in Orissa, 1822-1914   P K DAS
1994   PhD   Cambridge, St Cath’s    The making of a Jat identity in the Southeast Punjab circa 1880-1936   Monica DATTA   Prof C A Bayly
1994   MPhil   Wales, Cardiff   An evaluation of the attractiveness to Apia cerana F. of the honeybee flora growing in the Dhaka region of Bangladesh and the socio-economic value of these plants to the local community   R J DAY
1994   DPhil   Oxford, New   Indian industry 1950-1990: growth, demand and productivity   Ranu DAYAL
1994   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   Technical change and efficiency in Sri Lanka’s manufacturing sector   Sonali D P DERANIYAGALA   Mrs F J Stewart
1994   PhD   Edinburgh   Energy resources and the role of mini and micro hydro power in Northern India   Alison DOIG
1994   PhD   London, Wye   Reaching the poor ? The identification and assessment of rural poverty by a non-governmental organisation (NGO)in Gujerat, India   Talib Baahadurail Karmali ESMAIL
1994   PhD   London, LSE   Defence industrialization in the NICs: case studies from Brazil and India   Carol Vervain EVANS
1994   PhD   London   Dying: death and bereavement in a British Hindu community   Shirley Jean FIRTH
1994   MPhil   Bristol   Pakistan: a power in central Asia    N GHUFRAN   Dr V Hewitt
1994   PhD   Hull   Construction of the European Union: implications for the developing countries: case study of India   D K GIRI
1994   PhD   London   Sufism and its development inthe Panjab   Shuja Ul HAQ
1994   PhD   Aberdeen   Export performance and marketing strategy for Malaysian palm oil   A HASHIM
1994   PhD   Bradford   Microenterprises in Pakistan: an efficiency and performance analysis of manufacturing microenterprises in North West Frontier Province, Pakistan   Syed Amjad Farid HASNU   Mr Michael Yaffey
1994   PhD   Birmingham   The quest of Ajneya: a theological appraisal of the search for meaning in his three Hindi novels   R H HOOKER
1994   PhD   Newcastle   Mechanisation of wheat production in Bangladesh based on a growth modelling approach   A H M S HOSSAIN
1994   PhD   Newcastle   Some factors affecting the performance of draught buffaloes in wetland rice cultivation in Sri Lanka   S M HULANGAMUWA
1994   PhD   Edinburgh   The scented garden in Deccani Muslim literature   S A A HUSAIN
1994   PhD   Durham   Rural-urban integration in Bangladesh: a study of linkages between villages and small urban centres   M N ISLAM   Dr P J Atkins
1994   PhD   Nottingham   Standards of safety in the underground coal mining industry of Pakistan   K G JADOON
1994   PhD   Bradford   Trade liberalization and performance: the impact of trade reform on manufacturing sector performance: Sri Lanka, 1977-89   Kangesu JAYANTHAKUMARAN   Prof C Kirkpatrick; Mr Michael Yaffey
1994   PhD   Reading   Changing patterns ofinformal and formal finance in a Rajasthan village   J Howard M JONES   Mr A Harrison
1994   PhD   London, SOAS   Polygamy and purdah in the royal households of Rajastan – 13th-19th centuries   Varsha JOSHI   Prof D J Arnold
1994   MPhil   Oxford, St Cath’s   Sustainability of public debt: an application to India   Alka KACKER   Dr E V K Fitzgerald
1994   PhD   Reading   Comparison of extension provision for the smallholder and estate tea sectors in Sri Lanka   H R K K KARUNADASA   Dr C J Garforth
1994   PhD   Glasgow   Factor price distortions, underutilisation of capacity and employment in the large-scale manufacturing sector of Pakistan   R KAUSER
1994   PhD   London, SOAS   Missionaries: the Hindu state and British paramountcy in Travancore and Cochin, 1858-1936   Koji KAWASHIMA   Prof D J Arnold
1994   MPhil   Strathclyde   Famine and famine policy in the central provinces of India: the crises of 1896-7 and 1899-1900   N W KEYS
1994   PhD   Wales, Lampeter   Indian Muslims in the political process   O KHALIDI
1994   PhD   Strathclyde   Poverty, uneven development, urbanisation and economic planning policies in Pakistan: a case study of Peshawar, North West Frontier Province   Assmatullah KHAN   Prof U Wannop
1994   PhD   Strathclyde   Interlinkages between land-lease and credit markets: impact on the introduction of modern technology in the North West Frontier Province (Pakistan)   H KHAN
1994   PhD   Lancaster   Saiva priests of Tamil Nadu   G LAZAR
1994   PhD   London   Fertility transition in Malaysia: an analysis by state and ethnic group   R LEETE
1994   PhD   London, Inst Ed   A comparative study of educational disadvantage in India within the Anglo-Indian community: a historical and contemporary analysis   Antoinette Iris Grace LOBO   Mr C Jones
1994   PhD   London, SOAS   The transformation of colonial perceptions into legal norms: legislating for crime and punishment in Bengal, 1790s to 1820s   Shahdeen MALIK
1994   PhD   Central England   Housing finance in developing countries: a case study of Lahore, Pakistan   T H MALIK
1994   PhD   Open   Thermal comfort for urban housing in Bangladesh   F H MALLICK
1994   PhD   London, Bedford   Consciousness and the actors: a re-assessment of Western and Indian approaches to the actor’s emotional involvement from the perspective of Vedic psychology   Daniel MEYER-DINKGRAFE
1994   DPhil   Sussex   The comprehensive crop insurance scheme in India, 1985-1991: a study of its working with special reference to Gujerat   Pramod K MISHRA   Prof M Lipton
1994   PhD   London, SOAS   From patriarchy to gender equity: family law and its impact on women in Bangladesh   Taslima MONSOOR
1994   DPhil   Sussex   Re-reading the Raj: narrative and power in British fictions of India   P G MOREY
1994   PhD   Reading   An effective communication model for the acceptance of new agricultural technology by farmers in the Punjab, Pakistan   Sher MUHAMMAD   Dr C J Garforth
1994   DPhil   Sussex   Brother, there are only two Jatis – men and women: the construction of gender identity, women, the state and personal laws in India   M MUKHOPADHYAY
1994   PhD   London, LSHTM   Visceral leishmaniasis vectors in Pakistan   Mohammad Arif MUNIR
1994   PhD   Leeds   Ramayana and Mahabharata: contemporary theatrical experiments in English with Indic oral traditions of storytelling   V NAIDU
1994   PhD   Durham   Rural-urban interaction in Bangladesh: a study of linkages between villagers and small urban centres   M N I NAZERN
1994   PhD   Queen’s, Belfast   Rukmini Devi and the Bharata Natyam – the revival of classical dance in India   K OHTANI
1994   PhD   London, SOAS   Bauls of West Bengal: with special reference to Raj Khyapa and his followers   Jeanne OPENSHAW   Dr A Cantlie
1994   DPhil    Sussex   Agrarian structure, new technology and labour absorption in Indian agriculture: an empirical investigation of Gujerat   Kirankumar Manubhai PANDYA
1994   PhD   London   Gender, discipleship and charismatic authority in the Rajneesh movement   Marie Elizabeth PUTTICK
1994   PhD   Durham   Social change and fertility transition in Sri Lanka   P PUVANARAJAN   Prof J I Clarke; Mr A R Townsend
1994   PhD   London, LSHTM   Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in northern areas of Pakistan with particular reference to the reservoir(s)   Mohammed Abdur RAB
1994   PhD   Brunel   Management education and development strategies in Bangladesh   A S M M RAHMAN
1994   PhD   Wales, Swansea   Decentralisation and rural society in Bangladesh: a study of bureaucratic restraints on access in the UPAZILA structure    Mohammed Halibur RAHMAN   Dr C Gerry
1994   DPhil   Oxford, Worcester   India and the north-south politics of global environmental issues: the case of ozone depletion, climate change and loss of biodiversity   Mukund G RAJAN   Dr A J Hurrell
1994   PhD   Kent   Causal factors and transmission mechanisms of inflationary impulses in Sri Lanka, 1970-1989   Purnima RAJAPAKSE   Prof Thirlwall
1994   MPhil   London, SOAS   Remembering Burma: Tamil migrants and memories   Audrey Beatrice Stephanie RAMAMURTHY   Dr N Lindisfarne
1994   PhD   Reading   The analysis of farmer information systems for feeding dairy cattle in two villages of Kerala State, India   S N RAMKUMAR
1994   PhD   City   Perception-production in relation to fronting of velars in Hindi and Marati speaking children   M E RAO
1994   PhD   London, UC   Socio-economic status, channels of recruitment and the rural to urban migration of labour: a case study of the squatter settlements of Delhi, India   Himmat Singh RATNOO
1994   PhD   London, UC   Haemoglobin disorders among the tribal population of Madhya Pradesh, India   P H REDDY
1994   PhD   Cambridge, Sidney   Mohajir subnationalism and the Mohajir Qaumi Movement in Sindh Province, Pakistan   J J RICHARDS   Dr S Corbridge
1994   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Conversion and catholicism in Southern Goa, India   R T ROBINSON   Dr C Humphrey
1994   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Rural labour arrangements in West Bengal, India   Benjamin N ROGALY   Dr B Harriss
1994   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   The politics of fiscal policy: some reflections on fiscal policy and state intervention in developing economies with special reference to India   R ROY
1994   PhD   Reading   The taxonomy and ecology of the genus Licuala (Palmae)in Malaya   L G SAW
1994   PhD   Cambridge, Clare Hall   Politics in Orissa, 1900-1956: regional identity and popular movements   Jayanta SENGUPTA   Dr R S Chandavarkar
1994   MPhil   Newcastle   Public participation in the Malaysian structure plan system practice, response and impact studies   K SHAMSUDIN
1994   PhD   Aberdeen   Attitudes of tribal people towards social forestry with reference to Madhya Pradesh, India   A SHUKLA
1994   PhD   Manchester   Decentralisation, participation and rural development in Bangladesh: an analysis pf the Upazila system   N A SIDDIQUEE   Dr D Hulme
1994   PhD   Bradford   The political economy of agricultural change in India   Kalim U SIDDIQUI   Dr Carolyn Dennis; Dr Behrooz Morvaridi
1994   PhD   Leicester   Electoral campaigns and the media: the coverage of India’s 1991 general election in the Indian and the British press   Balwinder SINGH   Ms O Linne
1994   DPhil   York   Case and agreement in Hindi: a GB approach   Joga SINGH   Mr M K Verma
1994   PhD   Manchester   Historical relations: representing collective identities. Small group portraiture in eighteenth-century England, British India and America   K S STANWORTH
1994   PhD   London, SOAS   The symbolic construction of the Sri Lankan Hindu Tamil community in Britain   D A TAYLOR
1994   PhD   Leeds   The development of the Bangladesh jute industry since 1971   F TERKELSEN
1994   PhD   Reading   Exploring media non-professionals’ participation in access television: towards a participatory production model for development broadcasting in India   Korula VARGHESE   Dr P Norrish
1994   PhD   London, Goldsmiths’   What the neighbours say: gender and power in two low-income settlemets in Madras   Penny VERA-SANSO   Prof P Caplan
1994   PhD   Queen’s, Belfast   Creation in Santal tribal religion and Christian faith: a study in comparative religion   W WALKER
1994   PhD   Manchester   Growth and adjustment after trade liberalisation: Sri Lanka, 1977-1992   D N WEERAKOON
1994   PhD   London, UC   The management of official records in Sri Lanka and its impact on public administration   Sarath Sisira Kumara WICKRAMANAYAKA
1994   PhD   REading   The solubility of rice straw silica and its use as a silicon source in paddy cultivation   D E WICKRAMASINGHE
1994   PhD   London   Effect of climatic factors on the growth of tea (“Camellia sinensis”)in the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka   Madawala Arachchillage WIJERATNE
1994   PhD   Leeds   Young British Hindu women’s interpretation of the images of womenhood in Hinduism   S M WILKINSON
1994   PhD   Bradford   Interlocking directorates in Hong Kong business organizations: a longitudinal study of their changing patterns   G Y-Y WONG
1994   PhD   London, SOAS   Mission-conversion-dialogue: the process of Christianization of the Richi in south-West Bangladesh   Cosimo ZENE   Dr A Cantlie
1995   PhD   London, King’s   The implications of the Falklands War for the defence of India’s island territories   Biju ABRAHAM   Prof G Till
1995   PhD   Exeter   An investigation into programme factors and providers and providers’ perceptions of family welfare centres in Faisalabad district of Pakistan   A AHMAD
1995   PhD   Exeter   An initiative into programme factors and providers’ perceptions at family welfare centres in Faisalbad district of Pakistan   Ashfaq AHMED
1995   PhD   Wales, Cardiff   Aspects of influence over accounting and accounting for currency devaluation in Bangladesh   J AHMED
1995   PhD   Birmingham   Social relations and migration: a study of post-war migration with particular reference to migration from Bangladesh to Britain   F ALAM
1995   PhD   Hull   Keralites in Abu Dhabi: a study of skilled and unskilled Keralite migrant workers in the city of Abu Dhabi   S A S ALKOBAISI
1995   PhD   Reading   The effect of a prolonged release formulation of bovine somatotropin (sometribove)on milk production of Bos Taurus and dairy crossbred cows in Malaysia   A AZIZAN
1995   PhD   Stirling   Scholarly publishing in Malaysia: a study of marketing environment and influences on readership behaviour   Firdaus Ahmad AZZAM
1995   PhD   Strathclyde   The role of the private sector in the provision of sites and services schemes for low income groups: a case study of Lahore, Pakistan   Ihsan-Ullah BAJWA   P Green
1995   PhD   Open   Crustal evolution and metamorphism in the high-grade terrain of South India   J M BARTLETT
1995   PhD   Lancaster   A study of continuity within the Ramakrishna Math and Mission with reference to the practice of seva, service to humanity   G T BECKERLEGGE
1995   MPhil   Wales   Population planning and its effect upon the development of agricultural policies in India since 1947   Austin BICKERS
1995   PhD   London, SOAS   An Indian cloth painting and its art worlds: perceptions of Orissan “patta” paintings   Helle BUNDGAARD   Dr C Pinney
1995   PhD   London, LSE   Gender, exchange and person in a fishing community in Kerala, South India   Cecilia Jane BUSBY   Dr Henrietta Moore
1995   PhD   Cambridge, Clare Hall   Britain, India and the genesis of the Colombo Plan, 1945-51   Philip J CHARRIER   Prof D A Low
1995   MPhil   Warwick   Such a long journey: the Anglo-Indian literary tradition: a study in duality   Mithu CHATTOPADHYAY
1995   DPhil   Oxford, Somerville   Orientalist themes and English verse in nineteenth century India   Rosinka CHAUDHURI   Dr R Young
1995   MPhil   London, King’s College   So peculiarly formed a corps: the beginnings of Gorkha service with the British    A P (Jim) COLEMAN   Prof B J Bond
1995   PhD   London   The elites of the Maldives: sociopolitical organisation and change   Elizabeth Overton COLTON
1995   PhD   Cambridge, Gonville     Origins, development and organisation of national Antarctic programmes with special reference to the United Kingdom and India   A DEY-NUTTALL
1995   PhD   London   The control of Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)in cowpeas in Sri Lanka: effect of varietal resistance, conventional insecticides and locally available bontanicals   C M D DHARMASENA
1995   PhD   London, SOAS   The Gujerati lyrics of Kavi Dayarambhai   R M J DWYER
1995   PhD   Edinburgh   Community health care the NGO way: an anthropological study of a maternal-child health and family planning programme in rural Bangladesh   R V EBDON   Dr A Good; Dr M C Jedrej
1995   DPhil   Oxford, Balliol   Co-option and exclusion: a study of Indian MPs   Paul C R FLATHER   Dr A F Heath
1995   PhD   Strathclyde   Solar based technology for crop drying in rural Pakistan   Mohammad GHAFFAR   Dr G Zawdie
1995   PhD   Cambridge, St Edmund’s   The enforcement of the zini ordinance by the Federal Shariat Court in the period 1980-1990 and its impact on women   E GIUNCHI   Dr B F Musallam
1995   PhD   London, SOAS   Popular resistance to Zamindari oppression in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Northern India, 1920-1960   Kusum GOPAL   Prof D J Arnold
1995   PhD   London, SOAS   Geology in India, 1770-1851: a study in the methods and motivations of a colonial science   Andrew GROUT   Dr P G Robb
1995   PhD   London   Carbon dioxide abatement in an empirical model of the Indian economy: an integration of micro and macro analysis   S GUPTA
1995   DPhil   Oxford   The Kishangarh school of painting, c 1680-1850   N N HAIDAR
1995   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   The implications of resettlement on Vasava identity: a study of a community displaced by the Sardar Sarovar (Narmada)Dam project   R P HAKIM   Mr G P Hawthorn
1995   PhD   Keele   Dimensions and types of Malay family interaction in Malaysia: a humanistic approach   L M H HARUN
1995   PhD   London, LSE   Management practices and business development in Pakistan, 1950-1988   Naveed HASAN   Dr G M Austin
1995   PhD   London, Wye   Factors influencing post-harvest longevity of embul bananas   K S HEWAGE
1995   PhD   Durham   Singapore’s experience in ASEAN: the nature of trade and inward investment   M A HILEY   Dr R J A Wilson
1995   PhD   East London   Women’s right to divorce in rural Bangladesh   Naima HUQ   Mr J Roche; Dr J Cooper; Dr J Eade
1995   MPhil   Wales, Lampeter   Resistance, reformation and rejection: modernity and tradition in ninteenth century Hinduism   S B JACOBS
1995   PhD   London, LSHTM   Gynaecological and mental health of low-income urban women in India   Surinda Kaur Parmar JASWAL
1995   PhD   Edinburgh   Estate Tamil: a morphosyntactic study   Nagita KADRURGAMUWE
1995   PhD   Leeds   Provision of corporate financial information in Bangladesh   A K M Waresul KARIM   Prof P Moizer; Ms H Short
1995   PhD   East London   Changing responses to child labour: the case of female children in the Bangladesh garment industry   Sumaiya KHAIR   Dr H Lim; Prof M Freeman
1995   PhD   London, Imperial   Inclincations towards enterprise – a typology of poor, enterprising and non-enterprising women in India   U E KRAUS-HARPER
1995   PhD   London, SOAS   Metropolitan encounters: a study of Indian students in Britain, 1880-1930   Shompa LAHIRI   Dr P G Robb
1995   PhD   Exeter   How to measure default risk: an empirical study on India’s operations in the loan and bond markets   Geeta LAKSHMI   Mr J Matatko; B Pearson
1995   DPhil   Oxford, Nuffield   Financial development, economic growth and the effect of financial innovation on the demand for money in an open economy: an econometric analysis for Singapore   Lamin LEIGH   Dr J Muellbauer; Prof D F Hendry
1995   PhD   Kent   Structured dependency: lone mothers and social security in Hong Kong   L C LEUNG
1995   PhD   London, RHBNC   Sufism, sufi leadership and modernisation in South Asia since c.1800   Claudia LIEBESKIND   Prof F R C Robinson
1995   PhD   Wales, Swansea   Planning for the participation of vulnerable groups in communal management of forest resources: the case of the Western Ghats forestry projects   Catherine LOCKE   Prof Alan Rew
1995   PhD   Wales, Cardiff   Aspects of urban design with special reference to image and identity in built form – case study of Kuala Lumpur   B S MAHBOB
1995   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Pakistan’s foreign policy, 1971-1981: the search for security   Niloufer Q MAHDI   Dr G Rizvi
1995   DPhil   Oxford, St Peter’s    Impact of highland-lowland interaction on agriculture in the Hunza Valley: the socio-economic transformation of mountain societies   Arif MAHMUD   Prof G C K Peach
1995   DPhil   Oxford, Oriel   Contractual arrangements in Pakistani agriculture : a study of share tenancy in Sindh   Nomaan MAJID   Dr B Harriss
1995   MD   Manchester   Maternal and environmental factors and the development of Pakistani children (6-18 months)   S MAQBOOL
1995   PhD   Nottingham   Resource partitioning and productivity of perennial pigeonpea/groundnut agroforestry systems in India   F M MARSHALL
1995   PhD   Essex   Social factors shaping fertility behaviour in Pakistan   Rukhsana MASOOD   Dr Joan Busfield; Mr? Sullivan
1995   PhD   Kent   Toward an integral ecotheology relevant for India   MATHEW
1995   PhD   Edinburgh   Alexander Duff and the theological and philosophical background to the General Assembly’s mission in Calcutta to 1840   Ian Douglas MAXWELL   Prof A F Walls; Dr A C Ross
1995   PhD   London, SOAS   Tibet and the British Raj, 1904-47: the influence of the Indian political department officers   Alexander Colin McKAY   Dr P G Robb
1995   PhD   Cambridge, New Hall   The politics of nationalism: the cast of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh   A A MOHSIN   Mr G P Hawthorn
1995   PhD   Leicester   Media, state and political violence: the press construction of terrorism in the Indian Pubjab   Vipul MUDGAL   Anders Hansen
1995   PhD   Leicester   Media, state and political violence: the press construction of terrorism in the Indian Punjab   Vipul MUDGAL
1995   PhD   Manchester   An analysis of factors affecting farmers’ participation in two rice irrigation schemes in Sri Lanka   S H MUDIYANSELAGE
1995   PhD   Edinburgh   Evolution of the early Himalayan Foreland Basin in North West India and its relationship to orogenesis   Y M R NAJMAN
1995   PhD   Lancaster   The Mills and Boon memsahibs: women’s romantic Indian fiction, 1877-1947   Dominic OMISSI   Prof J M MacKenzie
1995   PhD   Surrey   Consumption, fiscal policy and endogenous growth: the case of India   I PATNAIK
1995   PhD   Durham   A theological reappraisal of the mission of the Christian church in Tamilnadu in the light of the challenge presented by the Dravida Kazhagam Movement (a secular humanistic)movement   R PAULRAJ
1995   PhD   Bradford   A cointegration analysis of money demand in a developing country: a case study of Pakistan   A QAYYUM
1995   PhD   Edinburgh   A comparative study of native and Pakistani geology research articles   Mujib RAHMAN
1995   PhD   Newcastle   Eco-engineering prtactices in Malaysia   N RAHMAN
1995   PhD   Edinburgh   Activating vs. resetting functional categories in second language acquisition: the acquisition of AGR and TNS in English by Sinhalese first language speakers   Hemamala Vajira RATWATTE
1995   PhD   Edinburgh   George Orwell, the BBC and India: a critical study   Abha S RODRIGUES   Mr G D Carnell; Dr R C Craig
1995   PhD   London, LSE   Socio-cultural changes in an Indian peasant society   Arild Engelsen RUUD   Dr J Harries
1995   PhD   London, UC   Public transport in Kuala Lumpur: a model based approach   A F SADULLAH
1995   MPhil   Loughborough   The macroeconomic impact of foreign capital inflows: a case study of Pakistan   T SAEED
1995   PhD   Strathclyde   The lessons from privatization experience for privatization in Pakistan: from public sector enterprises to monopolistic utilities   Mushtaq A SAJID
1995   PhD   Leicester   Mineralogy, geochemistry and possible industrial applications of illite-smectite rich clays from Karak, Northwestern Pakistan   Akhtar Ali SALEEMI
1995   PhD   Stirling   Small enterprise development in Bangladesh: a study of the nature and effectiveness of support services   J H SARDER
1995   PhD   Cambridge   Histological techniques for estimating age at death from human bone:an Indian case study   A SAXENA
1995   MPhil   Newcastle   An analysis of prices and marketing margins for potatoes and onions in Pakistan   S SHAH
1995   MPhil   Leeds   The development of an environmentally sensitive information system in the water industry in Bangladesh   Mohammad Taslim Uddin SHARIF   Prof T Moizer
1995   PhD   Open   A comparative study of Milton Keynes (UK)and Islamabad (Pakistan)   M I H SIDDIQI   Mr R Thomas; Mr J B Harison
1995   PhD   Newcastle   The reproductive biology and histology of three species of sceractinian corals from the Republic of Maldives, India Ocean   C J SIER
1995   PhD   Wales, Bangor   Economic evaluation of agroforestry, forestry and agriculture projects in Orissa, India: with particular reference to financial profitability and basic needs fulfilment   Jitendra Prasad SINGH   Mr T H Thomas
1995   DPhil   Oxford, Linacre   The impact of migration, environment and economic conditions on the biological growth and physique of Sikhs   Lakhwinder P SINGH   Prof G A Harrison
1995   PhD   London, Inst Ed   Design and standardisation of a developmental test for Indian children: the Indian picture puzzle test   R SINGHANIA
1995   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   The stylistic development of the sculpture of Kashmir   John E C SIUDMAK   Mr G J S Sanderson
1995   MPhil   London, LSE   Auctioning the dreams: economy, community and philanthropy in a North Indian city   Roger Graham SMEDLEY   Dr C Fuller; Dr J P Parry
1995   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   The stylistic development of the sculpture of Kashmir   J E C SUIDMAK
1995   PhD   Lancaster   I see all the gods in your body: a study of religious doctrine in the Mahabharata   N SUTTON
1995   PhD   Sussex   Utilisation of industrial R & D findings in Malaysia: a case study of selected public research institutions, universities and industry   K THIRUCHELVAM
1995   PhD   Middlesex   A regional power : United States policy in the Indian Ocean and the definition of national security, 1978-1980   Paul TODD   T Putnam; Prof F Halliday
1995   PhD   London, LSE   Sacred grove (kaavu): ancestral land of “landless agricultural labourers” in Kerala, India   Yasushi UCHIYAMADA   Dr C Fuller
1995   PhD   East Anglia   Employment and the small enterprise economy in India: an inquiry into its growth and significance for development   Nalini VITTAL
1995   PhD   Edinburgh   Social control and deviance in Edinburgh’s Pakistani community   Abdul Ali WARDAK
1995   MLitt   Aberdeen   From Banff to Bengal and beyond: the list, travel and writings of a remarkable north-east loon: Robert Wilson, M D. (1787-1871)   Thelma G WATT   Prof R Bridges
1995   phD   Edinburgh   Environmental effects on the growth of broad-leaved trees introduced under pine stands in Sri Lanka   N D R WEERAWARDANE
1995   DPhil   Oxford, Magdalen   Manufactured exports, outward-orientation, and the acquisition of technological capabilities in Sri Lanka, 1997-1989   Ganeshan WIGNARAJA   Dr S Lall
1995   PhD   Birmingham   A study of recent conversion to and from Christianity in the Tamil area of South India   A D C WINGATE
1995   PhD   Bradford   The economic impact of temporary migrant workers remittances on the Pakistan economy: estimates from a macro economic model   K U ZAMAN
1996   MLitt   Oxford, Exeter   The women’s movement in Pakistan in the 1980s and 1990s   Nilofer AFRIDI-QAZI   Dr M W Lau
1996   PhD   Leicester   Paleoenvironments, diagenesis and geochemical studies of the Dungan formation (Palaocene)eastern Sulaiman Range, Pakistan   Nazir AHMAD
1996   PhD   Sheffield   A study of changes occurring in valuable aspects ofthe built environment of the core areas of historic settlements in Pakistan   T AHMAD   A Craven
1996   PhD   Open   Approaches to bioclimatic urban design for the tropics with special reference to Dhaka, Bangladesh   K S AHMED
1996   DPhil   Oxford, Linacre   Oral traditions in Ladakh   Monisha AHMED   Dr R Barnes Dr N J Allen
1996   PhD   London, RHBNC   The emergence of Muslim feminism in South Asia, 1920-1960   Azra Asghar ALI   Prof F R C Robinson
1996   MPhil   Liverpool   Molecular epidemiology of human and environmental enterobacteriaceae in rural Bangladesh   K S ANWAR
1996   DPhil   Sussex   The spread of technology and the level of development: a comparative study of steel mills using electric arc furnace technology in India and Britain   S S ATHREYE
1996   PhD   Londond, SOAS   A garland of razors: the life of a traditional musician in contemporary Pakistan   Khalid Manzoor BASRA
1996   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   Bharat versus India: peasant politics and rural-urban relations in North West India   M J R BENTALL   Dr S E Corbridge
1996   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   Four essays on the labour market in India   Sonia R BHALOTRA   Prof S J Nickell
1996   MPhil   York   Women writing India: a study of prose fiction by Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Nayantara Sahgal and Sashi Deshpanda   Shivani BHARGAVA   Dr Joe Bristow
1996   PhD   London, SOAS   A necessary weapon of war: state policies towards propaganda and information in Eastern India, 1939-1945   Sanjoy BHATTACHARYA   Dr P G Robb
1996   PhD   Birmingham   Rich pickings ? the political economy of solid waste management in Calcutta, India   A BOSE   I C Blore
1996   PhD   Glasgow   Cultural strategies of young women of south Asian origin in Glasgow, with special reference to health   H BRADBY
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Corpus   European authority and caste disputes in South India, 1650-1850   N BRIMNES   Prof C A Bayly
1996   PhD   London, SOAS   Contemporary uses of Vastu Vidya, the traditional Indian knowledge of architecture   Vibhuti CHAKRABARTI   Dr Giles Tillotson
1996   PhD   Strathclyde   Waterlogging and salinity in the Sukkur region of Sindh: causes and remedies   Mohammed Nawaz CHAND   Prof A I Clunies Ross
1996   PhD   London, SOAS   Slavery and the household in Bengal, 1770-1880   Indrani CHATTERJEE   Prof D J Arnold

1996   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   A comparative analysis of centre-local relations in government with special reference to Pakistan and Britain   Ishtiaq Ahmed CHOUDHRY
1996   PhD   Dundee   Audit expectations gap in the public sector of Bangladesh   R R CHOWDHURY
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Gujjars in Garhwal – parallel lives: situational identity and exchange   B DALAL   Dr C Humphrey
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   The Europeans of Calcutta, 1858-1883   Damayanti DATTA   Prof C A Bayley
1996   MPhil   Reading   The effectiveness of different radio programme formats for the dissemination of information on safe use of insecticides in paddy cultivation in Mahaweli system C in Sri Lanka   N DE SILVA
1996   PhD   Cranfield   Estimating groundwater recharge with limited resources with special emphasis on spatial variability: a study in the dry zone of Sri Lanka   Roshan Priyantha DE SILVA   R C Carter
1996   PhD   London, LSE   Religion and nationalism in India: the case of Punjab, 1960-1990   Harnick DEOL   Prof A Smith
1996   MPhil   London, SOAS   Love and mysticism in the Punjabi Qissas of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries   Jeevan Singh DEOL   Prof C Shackle
1996   PhD   Lancaster   The development of Bhuddist monastic education in Sri Lanka with special reference to the modern period   Naimbala DHAMMADASSI   Prof G Samuel; Dr H Kawanami
1996   PhD   Strathclyde   Solar-based technology for crop drying in Pakistan   M G DOUGGAR
1996   PhD   Lancaster   Touring the Taj: tourist practices and narratives at the Taj Mahal and in Agra   T EDENSOR
1996   PhD   London   Indian music and the west: a critical history    GJ FARRELL
1996   PhD   Hull   Standarisation versus adaptation of marketing strategies: British multinationals in Pakistan   G GHOUS
1996   PhD   Hull   The religious and political thought of Swami Vivekananda   A HARILELA
1996   PhD   Leicester   Cross cultural interpretatioins of television: a phenomenonological hermeneutic enquiry [India]   Ramaswami HARINDRANATH   Mr R Dickinson
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Corpus   Pre-cursors to post-colonialism : Leonard Woolf, E. J. Thompson, and E. M. Forster and the rhetoric of English India   R B P HARRISON   Prof J B Beer
1996   PhD   Wales, Bangor   Farmers’ knowledge and the development of complex agroforestry practices in Sri Lanka   H HITINAYAKE
1996   PhD   Aberdeen   Effects of periodic drought on Acacia magum Willd. and Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth growing on sand tailings in Malaysia   A L HOE
1996   DPhil   Sussex   Replacing market with government: the Indian experience in credit control   R KOHLI
1996   DPhil   Oxford, Wadham   Indian civil servants, 1892-1937: an age of transition   Takehiko HONDA   Prof J M Brown; Dr M C Curthoys
1996   PhD   London, SOAS   Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain, 1880-1932: the status of Muslim women in Bengal   H Y HOSSAIN
1996   PhD   East London   Born to be wed: Bangladeshi women and the Muslim marriage contract   Shahnaz HUDA   Dr K Green; Ms A Stewart
1996   PhD   Manchester   Social, psychological and economic factors in the growth of a small firm: a study of the small scale furniture and footwear firms in Pakistan   S A HUSSAIN
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Jesus   Fluvial sedimentology of the Kamial Formation (Miocene)Himalayan Foreland, Pakistan   J A HUTT   Dr P F Friend
1996   DPhil   York   Development through conservation: a sustainable development strategy with special reference to a heritage zone in Madras   R V ISIAH
1996   PhD   Reading   Improvement of Erythrina variegata L.: a multipurpose fast growing tree species in Bangladesh   S ISLAM
1996   PhD   East Anglia   Constraints to the adoption of modern rice varieties during the Aman season in Bangladesh   Md Abdul JABBER   Dr Richard Palmer-Jones
1996   PhD   London, UC   Modern agricultural production and the environment: the case of wheat production in the Indian Punjab, 1971-1988   Amballur Jospeh JAMES
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   Agro-ecological knowledges and forest managment in the Jharkhand, India: tribal development or populist impasse ?   S L JEWITT   Dr T P Bayliss-Smit
1996   PhD   Glasgow   A study of human rights organizations and issues in India   M JHA
1996   PhD   London, UC   Early iron and steel in Sri Lanka: a study of the Samanalawewa area   G JULEFF
1996   PhD   London, LSHTM   Areal variations in use of modern contraceptives in rural Bangladesh   Nashid KAMAL   A Sloggett
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   A longitudinal anthropometric study of mother-infants pairs in Dhaka, Bangladesh   E KARIM
1996   PhD   Southampton   Development of dietary assessment methods for use in the South Asian community   N A KARIM
1996   DPhil   Oxford, St Edmund Hall   Capital market liberalization in Pakistan: 1980-1992   Bashir A KHAN   Mr C J Cowton
1996   PhD   Bradford   Public sector accounting and financial reporting oractices in Bangladesh   M A S KHAN
1996   PhD   Leicester   Genesis of stratabound scheelite and stratiform Pb-Zn mineralisation, Chitral, Northern Pakistan, and its comparison with South West England tin-tungsten deposits   Mohammad Zahid KHAN
1996   PhD   Wales, Swansea   A political economy of forest resource use: case studies of social forestry in Bangladesh   Niaz Ahmed KHAN   Prof A Rew
1996   PhD   Loughborough   An analysis of risk sharing in Islamic finance with reference to Pakistan   T KHAN
1996   PhD   Leeds   Central-local government relations in Pakistan since 1979   T KHAN   Dr Owen Hartley
1996   PhD   London, UC   Economic values of resource depreciation and environmental degradation in Bangladesh   Fahmida Akter KHATUN
1996   PhD   Warwick   Analysis of tariff and tax policies in Bangladesh: a computable general equilibrium approach   B H KHONDKER
1996   PhD   London, UC   Subsistence and petty-capitalist landlords: an enquiry into the petty commodity production of rental housing in low-income settlements in Madras, India   S KUMAR
1996   PhD   London, LSE   Civil-military relationships in British and independent India, 1918-1962, and coup prediction theory   Apurba KUNDU   Prof T J Nossiter
1996   PhD   London, King’s   Marketing and economic development: a case study of maize marketing in Mardan District, North West Frontier Province, Pakistan   Teshome LEMMA   R Black; M Byron; M E Frost
1996   PhD   London, Imperial   The effects of ozone and nitrogen dioxide on Pakistan wheat (“Triticum aestivum”l.)and rice (“Oryza sativa”L) cultivars   R MAGGS
1996   PhD   Keele   The European Community and South Asia: development, economic cooperation and trade policies with India, Bangladesh and Bhutan, 1973-1993   M MARWAHA   Christopher Brewin
1996   PhD   Hull   Corporate management styles of Malaysian parent companies in managing their local subsidiaries in the manufacturing sector   N A MAZELAN
1996   PhD   Cambridge   Fertility and frailty: demographic change and the health and status of Indian women   K McNAY
1996   MPhil   Leicester   Constraints to professionalism in Sri Lankan newspaper journalism   Mahim MENDIS   Anders Hansen
1996   PhD   Wales, Bangor   The ecology and management of traditional home gardens in Bangladesh   M MILLAT-E-MUSTAFA
1996   PhD   East London   Land reform and landlessness in Bangaldesh   M A MOMEN
1996   PhD   London, King’s   Passing it on: the army in India and the development of frontier warfare, 1849-1947   Timothy Robert MOREMAN   Prof B J Bond
1996   MPhil   London, SOAS   Legal and penal institutions within a middle class perspective in colonial Bengal, 1854-1910   Anindita MUKHOPADHYAY   Prof D J Arnold
1996   DPhil   Oxford   Space, class and rhetoric in Lahore   R McG MURPHY
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity    The crisis of the Burmese State and the foundations of British colonial rule in Upper Burma (1853-1900)   T MYINT-U   Prof C A Bayly
1996   PhD   Nottingham   Open distance learning aspects of adult basic educastion in the UK and their implications for Kerala (India)   Chandrasekharan NAIR-MADHAVEN   W J Morgan
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Chidambaram – city and people in the Tamil tradition   V NANDA   Dr F R Allchin
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Chidambaram: temple and city in the Tamil tradition   Vivek NANDA   Dr F R Allchin
1996   PhD   London, Inst Ed   Manpower planning in Pakistan: a study of its assumptions concerning the education-occupation relationship   H K NIAZI
1996   PhD   Southampton   Exploring a bottom up approach to networking for open learning in India   Asad Mohd NIZAM   Dr A P Hart
1996   MPhil   East Anglia   Contradictions of organisation: a case study of a rural development NGO in Rajasthan, India   Jane Elizabeth OLIVER
1996   PhD   Reading   Studies of black pepper (Piper nigrum L)virus disease in Sri Lanka   D PADMINI DE SILVA
1996   PhD   Sheffield   The role of small towns and intermediate cities in regional development in India   A PANNEERSELVAM   C L Chogull
1996   PhD   Birmingham   The word of God is not bound: the necounter of Sikhs and Christians in India and the United Kingdom   J M PARRY
1996   DPhil   Oxford, Green College   Regeneration and sucession following shifting cultivation of dry tropical deciduous forests of Sri Lanka   Gamaralalage A D PERERA   Dr N D Brown; Dr P S Savill
1996   PhD   London   Bureaucrats, development and decentralisation in India: the bureau-shaping model applied to Panchayati in Karnataka, 1987-1991   H J PERRY
1996   PhD   London, LSHTM   Linear growth retardation (stunting)in Sri Lankan children and the role of dietary calcium   Ambegoda Geekiyanage Damayanthi PIYADASA
1996   DPhil   Sussex   English studies and the articulation of the nation in India   P K PODDAR
1996   MPhil   REading   Village organisations and extension: a case study of Balochistan rural support programme   A R QAZI
1996   PhD   Cambridge   Lactational amenorrhoea, infant feeding patterns and behaviours in Bangladeshi women   M RAHMAN
1996   PhD   Cambridge   Relation between energetics, body composition and length of post-partum amenorrhoea in Bangladeshi women   M RASHID
1996   MPhil   Leicester   Thermobarometry of the garnet bearing rocks of the Jijal complex (western Himalayas, northern Pakistan)   Lucie RINGUETTE
1996   PhD   London, SOAS   The devotional poetry of Svami Haridasa   Ludmila Lupu ROSENSTEIN   Dr R Snell
1996   PhD   London, SOAS   Local perceptions of environmental change in a tropical coastal wetland: the case of Koggala Lagoon, Galle, Sri Lnaka   V N SAMARASEKARA
1996   PhD   Newcastle   The production of seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L)tubers from stem cuttings in Sri Lanka   P W S M SAMARASINGHE
1996   PhD   London, SOAS   Mangrove ecology in Sri Lanka   V SAMARESKARA   Prof P Stott
1996   PhD   London, King’s   Agrarian impacts on manufacturing expansion in the Indian Punjab   Jagpal Kaur SANGHA   Dr L Hoggart
1996   DPhil   York   A sociolinguistic study of Panjabi Hindus in Southall: language maintenance and shift   Mukul SAXENA   C Wallace
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Political alignments, the state and industrial policy in Pakistan: a comparison of performance in the 1960s and 1980s   A U SAYEED   Dr M H Khan
1996   PhD   Manchester   The role of agriculture in the Indian economy: an analysis using a general equilibrium model based on a social accounting matrix   Sabyasachi SEN   Prof D Colman; Dr A Ozanne
1996   PhD   London, SOAS   Famine, state and society in North India, c.1800-1840   Sanjay Kumar SHARMA   Dr P G Robb
1996   PhD   Wales, Bangor   Project appraisal under risk, threat and uncertainty: a case study of the afforestation project of Bihar, India   Devendra Kumar SHUKLA   Dr C Price
1996   PhD   London   Pakistan’s arms procurement decision-making   A SIDDIQA
1996   PhD   London, SOAS   Political prisoners in India, 1920-1977   Ujjwal Kumar SINGH   Dr Taylor
1996   PhD   Liverpool   Molecular and seroepidemiological studies of rotavirus from children in Bangladesh   S TABASSUM
1996   PhD   Beradford   Environmental education and distance teaching: a case study from Pakistan   F TAHIR
1996   MPhil   Liverpool John Moores   The demand for money in Pakistan: simple-sum versis Divisia   S M TARIQ
1996   PhD   Cambridge, Corpus   Property rights and the issue of power: the case of inland fisheries in Bangladesh   Kazi Ali TOUFIQUE   Dr M H Khan
1996   MPhil   Open   Gender issues and social change: evaluating programme impact in rural Bangladesh   A M VAN SWINDEREN   Mr A Thomas
1996   PhD   Cranfield   The performance in public enterprises in a developing country: Sri Lanka’s experience in perspective   Tillaka S WEERAKOON   Prof Chris Brewster
1996   PhD   Reading   Evaluation of the effectiveness of radio and television in changing the knowledge and attitudes of cinnamon growers in Sri Lanka   J WEERASINGHE
1996   PhD   Manchester   Rationales of accounting controls in a developing context: a mode of production theory anaysis of two Sri Lankan case studies   D P WICKRAMASINGHE   Prof T Hopper
1996   PhD   Cambridge, St Cath’s   Socialist development ? Economic and political change in rural West Bengal under the Left Front   G O WILLIAMS   Dr S Corbridge
1996   PhD   Bristol   The politics of caste in India with special reference to the Dalit Christian campaign for scheduled caste reservations   Andrew K J WYATT   Dr D Turner; Dr V Hewitt
1997   PhD   Stirling   Strategic planning and strategic awareness in small enterprise: a study of small engineering firms in Bangladesh   A F M ABDUL MOYEEN
1997   PhD   Loughborough   A strategy for managing brickwork in Sri Lanka   W V K M ABEYSEKERA   Dr A Thorpe
1997   PhD   East Anglia   Sex ratio imbalances in India: a disaggregated analysis   S B AGNIHOTRI
1997   PhD   Lancaster   Gender roles and fertility: a comparative analysis of women from Britain and Pakistan   S AHMAD
1997   PhD   Nottingham   Modelling the impact of agricultural policy at the farm level in the Punjab, Pakistan   Z AHMAD
1997   PhD   London, Imperial   Particulate air pollution and respiratory morbidity in New Delhi, India   S AKBAR
1997   PhD   East London   Keeping a wife at the end of a stick: law and wife abuse in Bangladesh   Nusrat AMEEN   Dr Kate Green; Ms N Lacey
1997   PhD   Birmingham   The generation of a tool for screening the early grammatical development of Bangla-speaking children and the potential useof this instrument in classes of hearing-impaired children   N ANAM
1997   PhD   Durham   A mission for India: Dr Ellen Farrer and India, 1891-1933   Imogen S ANDERSON   A J Heesom
1997   DPhil   Sussex   Changes in poverty and inequality in Pakistan during the period of structural adjustment (1987-88 to 1990-91)   T ANWAR
1997   PhD   Cranfield   Sustainable farming systems and the role of change agents: Moneragala District, Sri Lanka   J P ATAPATTU
1997   PhD   Edinburgh   Common property resource management in Haryana State, India: analysis of the impact of participation in the management of common property resources and the relative effectiveness of common property regimes   Pasumarthy Venkata Subhash Chandra BABU
1997   MPhil   Oxford, Nuffield   Recognising minorities: a study of some aspects of the Indian Constituent Assembly debates, 1946-1949   Rochana BAJPAI   Dr N Gooptu; Prof M S Freeden
1997   PhD   London, SOAS   The transformation of domesticity as an ideology: Calcutta, 1880-1947   Sudeshna BANERJEE   Prof D J Arnold
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Decentralising forest management in India: the case of Van Panchayats in Kumaun   P C BAUMANN   Mr G P Hawthorn
1997   PhD   London, LSE   Households, livelihoods and the urban environmental social development perspectives on solid waste management in Faisalabad, Pakistan   J D BEALL
1997   PhD   London, SOAS   Tribe and state in Waziristan, 1849-83   Hugh BEATTIE   Prof M E Yapp
1997   DPhil   Sussex   A study of small-scale community tank irrigation systems in the dry zone of Sri Lanka   Saleha BEGUM   Dr M Moore
1997   PhD   Aberdeen   The “empire of the raj:” conflict and cooperation with Britain over the shape and function of the Indian sphere in Eastern Africa and the Middle East, 1850s-1930s   Robert J BLYTH   Prof R C Bridges; Ms Rosemary M Tyzack
1997   PhD   Manchester   Comparative human resource managment: a cross national study of India and Britain   P S BUDHWAR
1997   PhD   Wales, Lampeter   Decision making and idjtihad in Islamic environments: a comparative study of Pakistan, Malaysia, Singapore and the United Kingdom   G L R BUNT
1997   DPhil   Oxford, St Hilda’s   A history of the trade to South Asia of Macmillan   Co and Oxford University Press, 1875-1900   Rimi B CHATTERJEE   Mr M Turner; Mr L W St Clair
1997   PhD   East Anglia   Innovation paths in developing country agriculture: true potato seed in India, Egypt and Indonesia   a CHILVER
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Clare Hall   From nabob to sahib: the construction of the British body in India, c.1800-1914   Elizabeth M COLLINGHAM   Prof C A Bayley
1997   PhD   London, UC   Of moths and candle flames: the aesthetics of fertility and childbearing in the Northern areas of Pakistan   Teresa Mary Helen COLLINS   Dr N Redclift; Dr Murray Last
1997   PhD   London, UC   Environmental aspects of industrial location policy in India   Mala DAMODARAN
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Pembroke   A comparative analysis of sharecropping and mudaraba business in Pakistan: a study of PLS in the context of the new theory of the firm   M H A DAR   Dr A M M McFarquhar
1997   PhD   Open   Multiple realities, multiple meanings: a reception analysis of television and nationhood in India   S DAS
1997   PhD   Portsmouth   Control of mycotoxins in major food commodities in Bangladesh   M DAWLATANA
1997   PhD   Liverpool   Evidence based decision making and managerial chaos in population displacement emergencies: a case study of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, 1992-93   P M DISKETT
1997   PhD   Hull   An investigation into effective management structure for tuna resources in the West Indian Ocean   EDALY
1997   PhD   London, External   Parasitical clinical and sero-epidemiological studies of visceral leishmaniasis in Bangladesh   Md A EL-MASUM
1997   PhD   Manchester   Production, consumption and labour supply linkages of farm households in the rice-wheat zone of Punjab, Pakistan   U FAROOQ
1997   PhD   Aberdeen   An economic analysis of factors affecting the adoption of coconut-based intercropping systems in Sri Lanka   M T N FERNANDO
1997   PhD   Edinburgh   Varieties of pilgrimage experience: religious journeying in central Kerala   Alexander David Hanson GATH
1997   PhD   Warwick   Against purity, identity, Western feminism and Indian complications   I GEDALOF
1997   PhD   Oxford Brookes   Spatial setting for household income generation: The case of intermediate sized cities, Bangladesh   Shayer GHAFUR
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Clare   Literature, language and print in Bengal, c.1780-1900   Anindita GHOSH   Dr R O’Hanlon
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Conservation ecology of primates and human impact in North East India   A K GUPTA   Dr D J Chivers
1997   DPhil   Oxford, New College   The monetary system of Mughal India   Syed N HAIDER   Dr D A Washbrook
1997   PhD   London   Diet, exercise and CHD risk: a comparison of children in the UK and Pakistan   Rubina HAKEEM
1997   PhD   London, LSE   India’s information technology industry: adapting to globalisation and policy change in the 1990s   Gopalakrishnan HARINDRANATH
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Girton   State and local power relations in the towns of Gujerat, Surat and Cambray, c.1572-1740   F HASAN   Dr G Johnson
1997   PhD   Exeter   The organisation, development and management of the population training programmes: a case study in Bangladesh   Md Akhter HOSSAIN   Dr A Ankomah; C Allison
1997   PhD   Reading   Involving women in the process of rural development: a project case study from Balochistan, Pakistan   U HUBNERR
1997   MPhil   London, Goldsmith’s   Significant other: Anglo Indian female authors, 1880-1914   Karyn Marie HUENEMANN   Dr B Moore-Gilbert
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Queens’   Public housing in Hong Kong   E C M HUI   Dr B J Pearce
1997   PhD   East London   Law as a site of resistance: recourse to the law by “garments women” in Bangladesh   Farmin ISLAM   Dr Hilary Lim; Prof J Cooper
1997   PhD   Middlesex   The impact of flooding and methods of assessment in urban areas of Bangladesh   K N ISLAM
1997   DPhil   Sussex   Democratic adjustment: explaining the political sustainability of economic reform in India    Robert S JENKINS   Prof J Manor
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   Labour and nationalism in Sholapur: conflict, confrontation and control in a Deccan city, Western India, 1918-39   M N KAMAT   Dr R S Chandavakar
1997   PhD   London, LSE   Political communication in India   Kavita KARAN   Prof T J Nossiter
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   The social history of the Rajput clans in colonial North India circa 1800-1900   Malavika KASTURI   Prof C A Bayley
1997   PhD   Aberdeen   Sustainability of small-holder sugar cane based production systems in Sri Lanka   Adhikari P KEERTHIPALA
1997   PhD   Manchester   The market for local capital for small firms in Bangladesh: loan evaluation, monitoring and contracting practices   Mohammed Hassanul Abedin KHAN   P Taylor
1997   PhD   Reading   Improving precision of agricultural field experiments in Pakistan   M I KHAN
1997   PhD   London, Wye   The mango production and marketing system in Sindh Pakistan: constraints and opprtunities   A M KHUSHK
1997   PhD   Aberdeen   Factors influencing adoption of farm level tree planting in social forestry in Orissa, India   A K MAHAPATRA
1997   PhD   Bradford   The quality of higher education in Pakistan: an exploration into the quality of curriculum taught in the universities   M J MALIK
1997   PhD   Surrey   Management consultancies in developing countries: strategies for a competetive era – the case of Pakistan   S H MALLICK
1997   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   Non-seccessionist regionalism in India: the demand for a separate state of Uttarakhand   E E MAWDSLEY   Dr S E Corbridge
1997   PhD   Cambridge   Sadhana and salvation: soteriology in Ramanuja and John Wesley   P R MEADOWS
1997   PhD   Wales, Cardiff   The unit head nurse in Pakistani hospitals: current and desired levels of practice   G P MILLER
1997   PhD   Edinburgh   The lunatic asylum in British India, 1857-1880: colonialism, medicine and power   James Henry MILLS   Dr C N Bates; Dr P J Bailey
1997   PhD   London, SOAS   The making of a cultural identity: language, literature and gender in Orissa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries   Pragati MOHAPATRA   Dr P G Robb
1997   PhD   Leicester   Conceptualising post-colonial policing: an analysis and application of policing public order   S C MUKHOPADHYAY
1997   DPhil   Sussex   Small firm industrial districts in Pakistan   Khalid M NADVI   Dr H Schmitz
1997   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   British and American Army counterinsurgency learning during the Malaysian emergency and the Vietnam War   J A M NAGL
1997   PhD   London, External   Constitutional breakdown and the judiciary in Pakistan   M F NASEEM
1997   PhD   Sheffield   The external environment of housing in the third world: sustainability and user satisfaction in planned and unplanned low-income housing in Lahore, Pakistan   N NAZ
1997   PhD   London, UC   Dynamics of urban spatial and formal changes of old Dhaka: a developmental influence on a historical city of the Third World   Farida NILUFAR   Alan Penn
1997   PhD   London, SOAS   The Hindi public sphere, 1920-1940   Francesca ORSINI   Dr A S Kalsi
1997   PhD   London, InstChild Health   Iodine deficiency in the Northern Pujab of Pakistan   M POULTON
1997   PhD   REading   Studies on weed management during early establishment of tea in low-country of Sri Lanka   K G PREMATILAKA
1997   PhD   Reading   The effect of defoliation of vetch, barley and their mixtures on forage yield, quality and residual effects on succeeding crops in the rainfed areas of Pakistan   I A QAMAR
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Lucy    Shifting culture in the global terrain: cultural identity constructions amongst British Hindu Punjabis   D S RAJ   Dr S N Bensen
1997   PhD   Manchester   The rural poor and technological change: an enquiry into agricultural extention in Sri Lanka   T T RANASINGHE   Dr J Mullen
1997   PhD   Bradford   Environmental education and agricultural education in Pakistan   G RASUL
1997   PhD   London, SOAS   Social history of North Bengal, c.1870-1949   Rubhajyoti RAY   Dr P G Robb
1997   PhD   Cambridge, St Cath’s   Indian elites, urban space and the restructuring of Ahmedabad city, 1890-1947   Siddhartha RAYCHAUDHURI   Prof C A Bayly
1997   PhD   City   Military rule and the media: a study of Bangladesh    REZWAN-UL-ALAM
1997   PhD   London, LSE   The Kalbelias of Rajasthan: Jogi Nath snake charmers, an ethnography   Miriam ROBERTSON   Dr J Parry; Dr J Woodburn
1997   MPhil   Open   The role of caste in prostitution: culture and violence in the life histories of prostitutes in India   M R ROZARIO
1997   PhD   Hull   A socio-economic assessment of collective choices in the coastal trawl fishery of Malaysia   K H SALIM
1997   PhD   London, LSHTM   Contraception following birth in Bangladesh   S M SALWAY   Prof J Cleland
1997   PhD   Nottingham   People’s participation in community development and community work activities: a case study in a planned village settlement in Malaysia   Asnarulkhadi Abu SAMAH
1997   PhD   Bristol   A basket of resources: women’s resistence to domestic violence in Calcutta   P SEN
1997   MPhil   Reading   Evaluation of adoption levels of innovations in coffee in relation to technology transfer process in the Central Province of Sri Lanka   M A P K SENEVIRATNE
1997   PhD   Kent   Choice and collection of agricultural survey data in Punjab and its use in planning improved food supply   Javid SHABBIR   Mr G M Clarke
1997   DPhil   Sussex   Participatory village resource management: case study of Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP), India   Parmesh SHAH   Dr M T Howes
1997   PhD   London, SOAS   The formation of the Indo-European telegraph line: Britain, the Ottoman Empire and Persia, 1855-1865   Sulieman SHAHVAR   R M Burrell
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Emmanuel   The development of an Indian nuclear doctrine since 1980   W P S SIDHU   Dr I Clark
1997   PhD   Leeds   Gender and nation in selected contemporary writing from Sri Lanka, India and Pakistan   N M S SILVA
1997   PhD   York   Changing attitudes to design with nature: the urban Indian context   P SINGH
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Emmanuel   Pollution and environmental policy in the Ganga Basin: a case study of heavy metal pollution by tanneries near Kanpur, India   S SINHA   Dr K S Richards
1997   PhD   East Anglia   Framing the nation: languages of “modernity” in India   Ajanta SIRCAR
1997   PhD   London, UC   Islamic anthropology and religious practice among Muslims in a southern Sri Lankan town   Llyn Frances SMITH   Prof B Kapferer
1997   PhD   Sussex   The formal and informal sector of solid waste management in Hyderabad, India   Marielle SNEL   Dr T Binns
1997   PhD   London, UC   Urban development and the information technology industry: a study of Bangalore, India   Sampath SRINIVAS   Ms Julie Davila
1997   PhD   London   Land policies in Delhi: their contribution to unauthorised land development   K SRIRANGAN
1997   PhD   Southampton   Coronary heart disease, diabetes, serum lipid concentrations and lung function in relation to fetal growth in South India   C E STEIN
1997   PhD   Open   The involvement of the Church of Pakistan in development   P SULTAN
1997   PhD   Salford   Off-farm activities in India: a case stury of rural househlds in Rurka Kalan Development Block, Punjab, c. 1961-1993   S S SUPRI
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Robinson   Gandhara art in the Swat Valley, Pakistan: a study based on the Peshawar University collection   M F SWATI   Dr J R Knox
1997   PhD   Reading   The compound verb in Assamese   J TAMULI
1997   MPhil   Newcastle   Socio-economic problems of second genertion settelrs in Mahaweli irigation settlement in Sri Lanka   T M P B TENNAKOON
1997   PhD   London, SOAS   The political economy of Burma   TIN MAUNG MAUNG THAN   Prof R Taylor
1997   PhD   Warwick   Reconstructing the history of women’s participation in the nationalist movement in India, 1905-1945: a study of women activitists inUttar Prqdesh   Suruchi THAPAR-BJORKERT   Dr C Wolkowitz; Ms Joanna Liddle
1997   PhD   London, LSE   Spiritual communities in India   Dimitrios THEODOSSOPOULOS   Dr P Loizos
1997   DPhil   Oxford, New   Rajput painting in Mewar   A S TOPSFIELD
1997   PhD   Manchester   The role of management control systems in privatisation: a labour process analysis of a Bangladeshi case study   S N UDDIN
1997   PhD   Cambridge, Clare Hall   Distribution improving development policies for Bangladesh: applying the equilibrium framework   W J A VAN DER GEEST   Prof D M G Newbery
1997   MPhil   City   Women, gender and news values: a case study of Bangladesh   F R VEENA
1997   PhD   Kingston   Miocene-aged extension within the main mantle thrust zone, Pakistan Himalaya   K J VINCE   Dr P Treloar; Dr J Grocott
1997   PhD   London, SOAS   The development of Siraiki language in Pakistan   M A WAGHA
1997   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   Worth its weight: gold, women and value in North West India   H WARD   Dr C Humphrey
1997   PhD   London, Birkbeck   Colonialism and culture in nineteenth century British India   Caroline L WEAVER
1997   PhD   Cambridge   Hedgerow intercropping for soil improvement in Sri Lanka   S M WEERASINGHE
1997   PhD   London, LSHTM   Control of anopheline vectors in a gem mining area in Sri Lanka   A M G M YAPABANDARA
1998   PhD   Liverpool   Malaria and malarial control in Jeli Peninsular Malaysia   M R ABDULLAH
1998   PhD   Reading   The management practices and organisational culture of large Malaysian construction contractors   R ABU BAKER
1998   MPhil   Aberdeen   The determination of sheep and goat prices in the markets of Balochistan – Pakistan   M AFZAL
1998   PhD   London, SOAS   Litigating in the name of the people: stresses and strains of the development of public interest litigation in Bangladesh   Naim AHMED
1998   PhD   London, UC   An approach for the prevention of thalassaemia in Pakistan   S AHMED
1998   PhD   Leeds   Foreign direct investment in Pakistan   M AKHTAR   Hugo Radice
1998   PhD   Durham   Water rationality: mediating the Indus Waters Treaty   U Z ALAM   Dr J D Rigg
1998   PhD   Bath   Fish consumption behaviour in Bangladesh   Zulfiqar ALI   Prof Chris Heady; Dr J A McGregor
1998   DPhil   Oxford   Operationalizing Amartya Sen’s capability approach to human development: a framework for identifying valuable capabilities   Sabina ALKIRE
1998   PhD   Reading   The impact of Anand Pattern Cooperative Societies on the status of women in dairying households in Kerala, India   S S ANIL
1998   PhD   London, SOAS   The politics of time: “primitives” and the writing of history in colonial Bengal   Prathama BANERJEE   Prof D J Arnold
1998   PhD   Bristol   Scripture as empowerment for liberation and justice: the experience of Christian and Muslim women in Bangaldesh   Mukti BARTON   Prof U King
1998   PhD   Nottingham   The protection of human rights in Islamic Republic of Pakistan with special reference to Islamic Shari’ah under 1973 Constitution   A H BOKHARI
1998   PhD   Wales, Cardiff   A comparison of vocational schools and industrial training institutes in Malaysia   A BRAHIM
1998   PhD   London, SOAS   The Nayak temple complex: architecture and ritual in southern Tamilnadu, 1550-1700   Crispin Peter C BRANFOOT   Dr G Tillotson
1998   PhD   Bristol   Studies in early Indian Madhyamaka epistemology   David F BURTON   Dr P Williams; Dr R Gethin
1998   PhD   Cambridge   Agency, animacy and personification in “A passage to India”   R BUZZA
1998   MPhil   Birmingham   Identifying the requirements of a parent education programme for the primary prevention of child physical abuse in the Indian State of Maharashtra   M CAESAR
1998   PhD   Birmingham   Recent structural reforms in India: the role of the government   S CHATTERJEE
1998   PhD   Manchester   Gender implications of industrial reforms and adjustment in the manufacturing sector of Bangladesh   Salma CHAUDHURI ZOHIR   Ms D Elson
1998   PhD   Wales, Swansea   Order and diversity: representing and assisting organisational learning in non government aid organisations [Bangladesh]   Richard J DAVIES   Prof A Rew
1998   PhD   Kent   Law, nation and cosmology in Sri Lanka: deconstruction and the failure of closure   B R DE SILVE WIJEYERATNE
1998   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Muslim women in colonial North India, c.1920-1947: politics, law and community identity   Karin A DEUTSCH   Dr R O’Hanlon
1998   PhD   Bath   Factors influencing the growth of sustainable people’s organisations at grassroots level: the case of Caritas DEEDS and Sangathan in Bangladesh   Benedict D’ROZARIO
1998   PhD   Aberdeen   South Asia: a case study of a subordinate internaltional system approach with a speicla reference fo India’s security policy during the Cold War   B DUSADEEISARIYAWONG
1998   PhD   London   Childhood cataract in South India: aetiology, management and outcome   M B ECKSTEIN
1998   PhD   Leeds   Neighbourhood perceptiopns of health and the value placed on health care deliverers in the slums of Mumbai   Nick EMMEL   Dr Ray Bush; J Soussan
1998   PhD   Strathclyde   Patrick Geddes, education and society in colonial India   Michael EYRE   Prof B R Tomlinson
1998   PhD   London, LSE   Migrants to citizens: changing orientations among Bangladeshis of Tower Hamlets, London   K S GAVRON
1998   PhD   Bradford   Evaluating the performance of public infrastructure: the case of electric power and telecommications in Pakistan   A G GHAFOOR
1998   PhD   Bradford   Budget deficits and the economy: the macro-economic effects of budget deficits in Sri Lanka, 1978-1996   Nandana Wijesiri GOONEWARDENA   Prof C Kirkpatrick; Mr Roland Clarke
1998   MPhil   Bradford   An assessment of the survival of dairy residues associated with archaeological and ethnographic ceramics: GC and GC/MS analysis of lipid residues extracted from archaeological (Bronze Age Harappa)and ethnographic (modern Pakistan and India)ceramic vessels   S M GRAYSON
1998   PhD   Southampton   Household structure, health and mortality in three Indian states   Paula L GRIFFITHS   Dr P Hinde
1998   PhD   London, Goldsmiths   Local politics in the Suru Valley of northern India   Nicola GRIST   Dr Sophie Day
1998   PhD   London, LSHTM   The impact of peer counsellers on breast feeding practices in Dhaka, Bangladesh   Rukhsana HAIDER

1998    PhD    Oxford Brookes    Spatial setting of manufacturing activities in the metropolitan cities of developing countries: the example of Dhaka, Bangladesh    Mahmudul HASAN
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Jesus    The Hindu Kush of Pakistan: mountain range evolution from an active margin to continent-continent collision    P R HILDEBRAND    Prof J F Dewe; Dr M P Searle
1998    PhD    London, Institute of Child Health    Iodine nutrition, cognition and school achievement of Bangladeshi schoolchildren    S N HUDA
1998    PhD    Open    Education as a missionary tool: a study in Christian missionary education by English Protestant missionaries in India with special reference to cultural change    J C INGLEBY
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Urban planning in new Bombay: physical and socio-economic growth and development of a counter-magnet in India    Alain JAQUEMIN
1998    PhD    Open    A critical and comparative study of the relationship between missionary strategy, Dalit consciousness and socio-economic transformation in the missionary work by SPG among the Nadar and Paraiya communities of Tirunelveli District between 1830 and 1930    S JAYAKUMAR
1998    PhD    Birmingham    Portfolio behaviour ofIslamic banks: case studies for Pakistan, 1974-1994, and Iran, 1984-1994    K A A KAGIGI
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Performative politics: artworks, festival praxis and nationalism with reference to Ganipatil Utsav in western India    Raminder Kaur KAHLON    Dr C Pinney
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    The Vishnu Hindu Parishad in the rise of Hindu militancy in India    Manjari KATJA    Dr Taylor
1998    PhD    Bradford    Foreign aid as a determinant of health expenditure, life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate in Pakistan, 1971-1990    S G H KAZMI
1998    PhD    Reading    Farmers’ objectives and the choice of new crops in the irrigated farming systems of Pakistan’s Punjab    M A KHAN
1998    PhD    Reading    Improving the potential for adoption of agricultural technology through enhanced use of the mass media and the religious community in disadvantaged environments in Pakistan    N KHAN
1998    MPhil    Salford    Pakistan’s and international textile and clothing trade regime    S M KHAN
1998    MPhil    Manchester    Women’s access to credit and gender relations in Bangladesh    Mubina KHONDKAR    Dr D Hulme; Dr U Kothari
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Politics of mass literacy in India; a case study of two North Indian villaages under the “Total Literacy” campaign (198-1995)    Ajay KUMAR    Dr S Kaviraj
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Contesting seclusion: the political emergence of Muslim women in Bhopal, 1901-1930    Siobhan LAMBERT-HURLEY    Dr A A Powell
1998    PhD    Cambridge, Clare    Prosodic prominence in Singapore English    E L LOW    Dr F J D Nolan
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Pativratas and Kupattis: gender, caste and identity in Punjab, 1870-1920    Anshu MALHOTRA    Dr A A Powell
1998    PhD    Warwick    Modelling macroeconomic adjustment with growth in developing economies: the case of India    Sushanta Kumar MALLICK
1998    PhD    London, UC    Religion, ritual and the pantheon amongst the Sinhalese Buddhist traders of Kandy City, Sri Lanka    Desmond MALLIKARACHCHI    Prof Bruce Kapferer; Dr Danny Miller
1998    DPhil    Sussex    Rapid credit deepening and the joint liability of credit contract: a study of Grameen Bank borrowers in Madhupur    Imran MATIN
1998    PhD    Leeds    Spatial and temporal change in the caste system: the Punjab to Bradford    D J MEDWAY
1998    DPhil    Sussex    Contexts of scarcity: the political economy of water in Kutch, India    Lyla MEHTA    Dr M Greeley
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Popular princes: kingship and social change in Travancore and Cochin, 1870-1930    Vikram MENON    Prof J M Brown; Dr D A Washbrook
1998    PhD    Manchester    Perception of adolescent problems by form four malay students in Sarawak, Malaysia    Z MERAWI
1998    DPhil    Sussex    The peculiar mission of Christian womanhood: the selection and preparation of women missionaries of the Church of England Zenana Missionary Society, 1880-1920    Jennifer MORAWIECKI    C A Dyhouse; Prof P M Thane
1998    PhD    Dundee    Approaches to the integrated management of potato cyst nematode in Pakistan    A MUNIR
1998    PhD    Wales    A study of the relation between Christianity and Khasi-Jaintia culture, 1899-1969, with particular reference to the theology and practice of the Khasi-Jaintia Presbyterian Church    L MYLLIEMNGAP
1998    PhD    London, Wye    The pineapple industry in Sri Lanka: constraints and opportunities for its future development    Arumugam NAGENDRAM
1998    PhD    Southampton    Study of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert)of Bangladesh    N S NAHAR
1998    PhD    London, LSHTM    A study of policy process and implementation of the national tuberculosis programme India    Thelma NARAYAN
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    English in the colonial university and the politics of language: the emergence of a public sphere in western India, 1830-1880    Veena NAREGAL    Dr S Kaviraj
1998    PhD    Southampton    Women in Bangladesh: a study of the effects of garment factory work on control over income and autonomy    M H NEWBY
1998    MPhil    Oxford, Hertford    Homeward bound ? the influence of the national norm on voluntary repatriation on the construction of Indian refugee policy with reference to the Bangladeshi Jumma refugees and the Sri Lanka Tamil refugees    Pia A OBEROI
1998    PhD    Southampton    Theorising nuclear weapons proliferation: understanding the nuclear policies of India, South Africa, North Korea and Ukraine    T OGILVIE-WHITE
1998    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    Credit and women’s relative well-being: a case study of the Grameen Bank, Bangladesh    L N K OSMANI
1998    PhD    Warwick    Pakistani children in Oslo: Islamic nurture in a secular context    Sissel OSTBERG

1998    PhD    London, UC    Control of childhood epilepsy in rural India    D K PAL
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    The politics of development and identity in the Jharkhand Region of Bihar (India), 1951-1991    Amit PRAKASH
1998    PhD    Bristol    The Assam Movement and the construction of Assamese identity    G PRICE
1998    PhD    Lancaster    Social access to housing: a study of low-income settlements around the walled city of Amritsar, Punjab, India    N K PUREWAL
1998    PhD    Aberdeen    An analysis of beef and bovine marketing systems in Pothwar Plateau of Punjab, Pakistan    A H QURESHI
1998    PhD    Aberdeen    An analysis of beef and bovine marketing systems in Pothwar Plateau of Punjab, Pakistan    A H QURISHI
1998    PhD    Reading    The role of the migrant moneylenders in North East India: the Kabuliwallahs of Assam    S RAFIQUE
1998    MPhil    Newcastle    Integrated crop growth modelling system for Barind in Bangladesh    M S RAHMAN
1998    PhD    Kent    Socio legal status of Bengali women in Bangladesh: implications for development    S RAHMAN
1998    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Risk, store of wealth and land use choice: a socio-economic analysis of farmer adoption of woodlots in Karnataka, India    D RAVINDRAN
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    Idealizing motherhood: the brahmanical discourse on women in ancient India (c500 BCE-300CE)    Ujjayini RAY    Dr I J Leslie
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Somerville    British women writers on India between the mid-eighteenth century and 1857    Rosemary A RAZA    Prof J M Brown; Mr J M Prest
1998    PhD    London, LSE    Organisational identification of managers in multinational corporations: a quantitative case study in India and Pakistan    C E W READE
1998    PhD    London, RHBNC    Intense weathering regimes of Deccan basalts    Jennifer Lesley REEVES    Dr J N Walsh
1998    PhD    Leeds    Sedimentology and dynamics of mega-dunes, Jamuna River, Bangladesh    Julie Elizabeth RODEN    Prof P Ashworth
1998    PhD    Newcastle    Owner-occupiers’ transformation of public low-cost housing in Peninsular Malaysia    Azizah SALIM    Dr A G Tipple
1998    PhD    Strathclyde    A study in inter-sectoral relations of linkages, trade and technology: the case of Bangladesh (an application of input-output analysis)    Mohammed SALIMULLAH    Prof I McNicoll
1998    PhD    Wales, Swansea    Contraband trade between Sri Lanka and India    M SARVATHAN    Mr J Whetton
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    The transitional state: Congress and government in Uttar Pradesh, India, 1947-1955    Suhit Kumar SEN    Dr P G Robb
1998    PhD    Manchester    Gender implications of economic reforms in the education sector in India-care of Haryana abd Madhya Pradesh    Manju SENAPATY    Ms D Elson
1998    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    The creation of religious identities in the Punjab, c,1850-1920    Anil SETHI    Prof C A Bayly
1998    PhD    Reading    Relative efficiency of crop production n the cotton-wheat cropping system of Pakistan’s Punjab    M SHAFIQ
1998    PhD    Nottingham    Educational management: an exploratory study of management roles and possibilities of management development at college level in AJK, Pakistan    Saeeda Jahan Ara SHAH    Dr M Parker-Jenkins; Dr M Griffiths
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Worcester    Muslim politics in the North West Frontier Province, 1937-1947    Sayed W A SHAH    Prof J M Brown
1998    PhD    Reading    Economic and non-economic factors that influence the adoption of no-tillage technologies at farm level in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat areas of Pakistana’s Punjab    A D SHEIKH
1998    PhD    Bradford    Project performance and the impact of official development assistance: aid to agricultural development in Pakistan    M K SHEIKH
1998    MLitt    Aberdeen    Selective evaluation of the cycle of women’s status through religious and social practices with special reference to Bengal    S K SIRKAR
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Transplanting liberal education: higher education in 19th century Bombay Presidency, India    Anne H E SLIWKA    Prof J M Brown
1998    MPhil    Newcastle    The Permatent emergency shelter cum roofing unit for Bangladesh    David SORRILL    Dr A G Tipple
1998    PhD    Cambridge, Queens’    Colonialism and linguistic knowledge: John Gilchrist and the representation of Urdu in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries    R D STEADMAN-JONES    Dr V A Law
1998    PhD    London, LSHTM    Child work and school attendance in urban India    H TAYLOR    Prof I Timaeus; N Crook (SOAS)
1998    PhD    Edinburgh    Building Christianity on Indian foundations: the theological legacy of Brahmabandav Upadhyay (1861-1907)    Timothy Craig TENNENT
1998    PhD    Leeds    Homelands and the representation of cultural and political identity in selected South Asian texts, 1857 to the present    g f h TICKELL
1998    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Between two civilisations: history and self representation of Bangladeshi Buddhism    Paola G TINTI    Prof R F Gombrich
1998    PhD    Kent    Readings in the works of Michael Ondaatje (1963-1982)    Monica TURCI    Prof C L Innes
1998    PhD    Queens, Belfast    Formal and de facto states of emergency: the Indian experience, 1947-1997    K S VENKATESWARAN
1998    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Studies on the biology and control of Tropilaelaps clareae: Asian parasitic brood mite in Apis mellifera colonies in Islamabad, Pakistan    Camphour E S WAGHCHOURE
1998    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Studies on the biology and control or Tropilaelaps clareae: Asian parasitic brood mites in Apis mellifera colonies in Islamabad, Pakistan    Elizabeth S WAGHCHOURE-CAMPHOR
1998    PhD    London, SOAS    India’s small scale industry policy: an evaluation and a case study    Trevor L WILLIAMS
1998    PhD    Aberdeen    Studies on weed populations in sugar cane in Sri Lanka    W R G WITHARAMA
1998    PhD    Strathclyde    Industrialization and economic growth: a case study of Bangladesh    A K M ZASHEEM UDDIN AHMED    Dr M M Huq
1998    PhD    Bristol    Sangathan: the pursuit of a Hindu ideal in colonial India: the idea of organisation in the emergence of Hindu nationalism, 1870-1930    John ZAVOS    Prof U King
1998    PhD    Ulster    Groundwater pollution and its environmental impact in Karachi Region (Pakistan)    A ZUBAIR
1999    PhD    London. LSE    Banking and debt recovery: a comparative study of the law and practice in India, Sri Lanka and Malaysia    Sonil G ABEYRATNE
1999    PhD    Oxford Brookes    A micro-level view of low-income rural housing in Bangaldesh    K I AHMED
1999    PhD    Cambridge    A political economy of industrial policy and development: a comparative study of Pakistan and Malaysia    A AKHLAQUE    Industrial productivity
1999    MPhil    Newcastle    An appraisal of processes of soil degradation in the Barind Tract, Bangladesh    S M M ALAM
1999    PhD    Leeds    Urban women in households and in the labour market under structural adjustment policy and programmes: a case study of Pakistani working women    K ALI
1999    DPhil    Oxford, Magdalen    Operationalising Amartya Sen’s capability approach: a framework for identifying valuable capabilities    S M ALKIRE    Prof F J Stewart; Prof J M Finnis
1999    PhD    Manchester    Economic reform in India since 1991 with particular reference to direct foreign investment and privatisation    Thanhkom ARUN    Prof F Nixson
1999    PhD    Hull    Opium and heroin production in Pakistan    A Z ASAD
1999    DPhil    York    Biodiversity and community ecology of mangrove plants, molluscs and crustaceans in two mangrove forests in Peninsular Malaysia in relation to local management practices    E C ASHTON
1999    PhD    Southampton    A multilevel model of the impact of health services on child mortality in Bangladesh    Michael Dennis ASHTON    Dr J McDdonald
1999    PhD    Southampton    Genetic diversity of jackfruit in Bangladesh and development of propagation methods    A K AZAD
1999    PhD    London, King’s    Nuclear weapons in the Indo-Pakistan conflict    Sanjay BADRI-MAHARAJ
1999    PhD    Leicester    The growth of farm firms through production,investment and capital formation in the rice-wheat zone of the Punjab Province of Pakistan    K A BAJWA
1999    PhD    Aberdeen    An economic analysis of farm household pluriactivity in Sri Lanka    G BALASURIYA
1999    DPhil    Oxford, St Cross    This work on Oriya literature and the Jagannath cult, 1866-1936: quest for identity    Subhakanta BEHERA    Dr F A Nizami
1999    PhD    London, UC    Structure of the DP in Bangla    Tanmoy BHATTACHARYA
1999    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    The politics of religious identity in South Asia in the late nineteenth century     Torkel BREKKE    Prof R F Gombrich
1999    MSc    Stirling    Investigations to the biology and ecology of an unidentified isopod affecting the CARE CAGES aquaculture programme, Bangladesh    P BULCOCK
1999    DPhil    Sussex    The global and the local in the post-colonial: popular music in Calcutta (1992-1997)    R CHAKRAVARTY
1999    PhD    London, SOAS    Change and continuity in Naqshbandi Sufism: Mujaddidi branch and its Hindu environment    T W P DAHNHARDT    Prof C Shackle
1999    PhD    Ulster    Traveller acts: a critical ethngraphy of backpacker India    K J DAVIDSON
1999    PhD    London , LSE    Tamil warps and wefts: an anthropological study of urban weavers in South India    Geert Raymond DE NEVE    Prof C Fuller; Prof J Parry
1999    PhD    London, Wye    Amelioration of the physical conditions of sandy soils with organic amendments under tropical conditions    S H S A DE SILVA
1999    PhD    Cambridge, Jesus    Youth, gender and community change: a case study of Bangladeshi students in an inner city    Eva DEBNATH    Dr M M Arnot
1999    PhD    Bath    One foot in each boat: the macro politics and micro sociology of NGOs in Bangladesh    Joseph DEVINE    Dr G D Wood; Dr A McGregor
1999    PhD    London, RHUL    The image of the prophet in Bengali Muslim piety, 1850-1950    Amit DEY    Prof F C R Robinson
1999    PhD    London, RHBNC    Images of the Prophet in Bengali Muslim piety, 1850-1950    Amit DEY    Prof F R C Robinson
1999    PhD    London, LSE    Women and gold: gender and urbanisation in comtemporary Bengal    Fentje Henrike DONNER    Dr J F Parry; Dr C Fuller
1999    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre    A study of the origin, evolution and role in society of a group of chiselled steel Hindu arms and armour from Southern India, c.1400-1800 A D    Robert F W ELGOOD    Dr Schuyler Jones

1999   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Caste, ethnicity and nation in the politics of the Muslims of Tamil Nadu, 1930-1967   S M A K FAKHRI   Dr R S Chandravarkar
1999   PhD   Cambridge, Selwyn   The ecology and behaviour of the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca Nemestrina Leonina)in Bangladesh   M M FEEROZ
1999   PhD   Wales   At the feet of the goddess: a comparative study of local goddess worship in Khurdapur, a village settlement in Orisssa and Cholavandan, a small town in Tamil Nadu   L F FOULSTON
1999   PhD   Leeds   Socio-economic changes in the peri-urban villages in Penang, Malaysia   Suriati GHAZALI   Dr D Preston
1999   PhD   London, SOAS   The dynamics of scientific culture under a colonial state: Western India, 1823-1880   Vaswati Bidhan Chandra GHOSH   Prof P G Robb
1999   PhD   Southampton   A passage from India: British women travelling home, 1915-1947   Georgina GOWANS
1999   PhD   London, External   Solid waste management: a case study of Delhi   V I GROVER
1999   PhD   Aberdeen   A study of factors influencing participation in joint forest management in the northwest Himalayas, India   H K GUPTA
1999   PhD    Southampton   British relations with the Marathas under the Wellesley regime    William A C HALLIWELL   Dr C M Woolgar
1999   PhD   Leeds   A corpus-based study of apposition in written Malay   H A HAROON
1999   PhD   London, UC   The vulnerability of the Dupi Tila Aquifer, Daka, Bangladesh   Muhammed Kamrul HASAN   Dr W G Burgess; Dr J Dottridge
1999   PhD   London, LSHTM   The prevalence of reproductive tract infections in rural Bangladesh   Sarah Jane HAWKES
1999   PhD   Warwick   The colonial city and the challenge of modernity: urban hegemonies and civic contestations in Bombay City, 1905-1925   H HAZAREESINGH
1999   PhD   Warwick   Gandhi and the Muslim question   Sandip HAZARIESINGH   Dr D A Washbrook
1999   PhD   London   Malaria in Afghan refugee communities in North-Western Pakistan: appropriate strategies for vector control and personal protection   S E HEWITT
1999   PhD   London, SOAS   Kings, things and courtly ideal in pre-colonial south India, 1500-1800   Jennifer Anne HOWES   Dr Giles Tillitson
1999   PhD   Cambridge, Clare   The Gujerati literati and the construction of a regional identity in the late 19th century   Riho ISAKA   Dr R S Chandavarkar
1999   DPhil   Sussex   The Grameen Bank: rhetoric and reality   Sanae ITO   Dr M T Greeley
1999   PhD   Stirling   Gender and management: factors affecting career advancement of women in the federal civil service of Pakistan   N JABEEN
1999   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   Hindu identity, nationalism and globalization   S R JACOBS
1999   PhD   Reading   Residual effect of phosphate fertiliser measured using the Olsen method in Pakistani soils   Shahid JAVID
1999   PhD   Edinburgh   When horizons darken: the process and experience of religious conversion among Sri Lankan Tamil refugees in London   A W JEBANESAN
1999   DPhil   Oxford, Nuffield   Press and Empire: the London press, government news management and India, c.1900-1922   Chandrika KAUL   Dr J G Darwin
1999   PhD   Edinburgh   Informal Islamic leadership in a Bangladeshi village   Jeffrey William John KEMP
1999   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   The economics of milk production and marketing in the development of Pakistan with special reference to Peshawar District   M KHAN
1999   PhD   Essex   Narratives of rise and fall: family, memory and mobility in Jaipur City   Ajay K KHANDELWAL   Prof P Thompson
1999   PhD   Durham   The provision of infrastructure services in Rohtak and Bhiwani Districts, Haryana, India, 1981-1998: a geographical analysis   N KUMAR
1999   PhD   Edinburgh   From people’s theatre to people’s Eucharist: resources from popular theatre for Eucharist reform in the Church of South India, Kerala State.   George KURUVILLA
1999   PhD   Nottingham   Spectrohistory: new historicism and beyond in Salman Rushdie’s novels   C-H LAI
1999   PhD   London, SOAS   Institutional and social change among the Muslims of Malabar, with special refernce to Calicut, 1870-1947   Lakshminarayayanapuram R S LAKSHMI   Dr Avril A Powell
1999   PhD   London, LSE   India’s relationship with the non-resident Indians, 1947-1996: a missed opportunity ?   Marie-Carine LALL
1999   PhD   London, SOAS   The Islamic marble carving and architecture of Cambay in Gujerat between 1200 and 1350: a collection of merits from difference sources   E A LAMBOURN
1999   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Science and related consciousness: a study of the response to modern science in colonial Bengal. c 1870-1930   John Bosco LOURDUSAMY   Dr D A Washbrook
1999   PhD   Manchester   Runoff modelling from large glacierised basins in the Karakoram Himalayas using remote sensing of the transient snowline   A LOWE
1999   MPhil   Edinburgh   The influence of light availability on attack by the mahogany shoot-borer (Hypsipyla rubusta Moore)in Sri Lanka   M R MAHROOF
1999   PhD   Kent   The interpretation of Islam and nationalism by the elite through the English language media in Pakistan   A L MAJOR
1999   PhD   Hull   Ethnicity and politics in the Kashmir Valley   I S MALIK
1999   PhD   London, LSHTM   Undernutrition and impaired functional ability amongst elderly slum dwellers in Mumbai, India   Mary C MANANDHAR
1999   PhD   East Anglia   Cotton leaf curl disease in Pakistan: molecular characterisation, diagnostics and genetically engineered virus resistance   S MANSOOR
1999   PhD   Birmingham   Some historical responses to disability in South Asia and reflections on service provision, with focus on mental retardation in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, and some consideration of blindness   M MILES
1999   PhD   Kent   Sacred anthropology: a study of nondual conceptions of man in Hinduism and Christianity   J R MILNE
1999   PhD   Hull   Perception of Islam in Indian nationalist thought   A MISRA
1999   PhD   London, Inst Comm   The politics of privatisation in Bangladesh   Mobasser MONEM   Prof J Manor
1999   PhD   Cambridge, King’s   The Kisan world abd human rights: a displaced people of eastern India   Ranjit NAYAK   Dr K J Hart
1999   PhD   Salford   An analysius of information systems development across time and space: the case of outsourcing to Infia   Brian NICHOLSON
1999   MLitt   Oxford, St Anne’s   Shaikh Mohammad Abdulllah and the movement for Muslim female education in North India (1890-1945)   Farah NIZAMI   Prof J M Brown; Prof F Robinson
1999   DPhil   Oxford, Lincoln   India, parliament and the press under George III: a study of British attitudes towards the East India Company amd empire in the later 18th and early 19th centuries   Jeremy R OSBORN   Dr D A Washbrook
1999   DPhil   Oxford, Brasenose   Identity and institutions in ethnic conflict:the Muslims of Sri Lanka   Meghan L O’SULLIVAN   Dr N Gooptu
1999   PhD   Warwick   Labour and land rights of women in rural India with particular reference to Western Orissa   Reena PATEL
1999   PhD   Edinburgh   Legislating forests in colonial India, 1800-1880   Akhileshwar PATHAK
1999   DPhil   York   An environmental Leibenstein framework: population pressure, agricultural land use and and environmental change in Orissa (India)   Lopamudra PATNAIK   Prof C Perrings
1999   PhD   Edinburgh   Social and cultural processes of healing and rehabilitation in Sri Lanka   Abigail PENNY   Dr J Spencer
1999   PhD   City   Development and international business: an application to India   M RAMAN
1999   PhD   Liverpool   Fertility in Kerala: the impacts of social development policies and gender relations   Linda REICHENFELD   Prof R I Woods; Mr W T S Gould
1999   PhD   London    Paleoclimate of South Asia over the last 80 ka: luminescent ages of sediments from former glaciations in Nepal and Pakistan   B W M RICHARDS
1999   PhD   Nottingham   Fiscal response to foreign aid: applications to Pakistan and Costa Rica   S E RODRIGUEZ

2000   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   Religion and the economics of fertility in South India   S IYER
2000   MPhil   London, Inst Ed   Privatisation and equity: the case of Pakistan urban secondary schools   B R JAMIL
2000   PhD    Exeter   The Penjdeh crisis and its impact on the Great Game and the defence of India, 1885-1897    Robert A JOHNSON   Prof J Black
2000   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   The state and the political economy of industrial development in India: the automobile industry circa 1980-1996   Indraneel KARLEKAR   Dr S E Corbridge
2000   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Gender, identity and development among the Wakhi of northern Pakistan   Sabrina KASSAM-JAN   Dr D Parkes; Dr N J Allen
2000   PhD   Exeter   Drug addiction syndrome among university students in Pakistan   W KAUSAR
2000   PhD   Bath   Struggle for survival: networks and relationships in a Bangladesh slum   M Iqbal Alam KHAN   Prof G Wood; Dr J A McGregor
2000   PhD   Cambridge, Queens’   An empirical study of human resource management in a developing country – the case of the banking industry of Pakistan   Shaista Ensan KHILJI   Mr C G Gill
2000   PhD   Cambridge. Queens   Human resource management in a developing country: the case of banking industry in Pakistan   S E KHILJI   Mr C G Gill
2000   PhD   Cambridge, Fitzwilliam   A study of debates on Christian conversion in India, 1947-1999 from the perspective of Christian mission   Sebastian Chang-Hwan KIM   Dr B Stanley
2000   DPhil   Oxford, St Edmund Hall   The “domestic” world of the Mughals in the reigns of Babar, Humayan and Akbar (1500-1605)   Ruby LAL   Dr D A Washbrook; Dr J D Gurney
2000   PhD   East Anglia   Perceiving disability and practising community-based rehabilitiation: a critical examination with case studies from south India   R P LANG
2000   PhD   Keele   The internationalisation of Malaysian business and its relevance to Malay entrepreneurs   A J MAHAJAR
2000   PhD   Birmingham   The administration of waqf, pious endowment in Islam: a critical study of the State Islamic Religious Councils as the sole trustees of awqaf assets and the implementation of istibdal in Malaysia with special reference to the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur   S M MAHAMOOD
2000   PhD   Strathclyde   Price competetitiveness and performance of manufactured exports: the case of Pakistan   Seema K MAKHDOOMI   Dr M Huq; Prof J Love
2000   MPhil   Nottingham   Levels of flat ownership by middle-income households in Dhaka, Bangladesh   Nasima MATIN   Mr S Jalloh; Prof J C Moughtin
2000   MPhil   London, LSE   European images of India before the rise of orientalism in the late eighteenth century   Kyoko MATSUKAWA   Dr G Wilson
2000   PhD   East London   Thermal comfort in havelis of Jaisalmer   Jane MATTHEWS
2000   DPhil   Sussex   Distress diversification or growth linkages ? Explaining rural non-farm employment variations in Andhra Pradesh, India   Prasado R MECHARIA   D M Hunt
2000   PhD   Bradford   Social policy in Malaysia: a study of social support for the elderly in a rural area   N MOHAMED
2000   PhD   Oxford Brookes   Seismic interpretation and sequence stratigraphy of the offshore Indus basin of Pakistan   S MOHAMMAD
2000   PhD   London   Nationalism, literature and ideology in colonial India and occupied Egypt   A A MONDAL
2000   MPhil   Manchester   Burma and British Cold War policy, 1946-1951   Benjamin John MORRIS   Dr P C Lowe
2000   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Gender, work and familial ideology: women workers in the unorganised garment export industry, New Delhi, India   T MUKHOPADHYAY   Prof G P Hawthorn
2000   PhD   Newcastle   Supply reponse of major agricultural commodities in Pakistan   K MUSHTAQ
2000   MPhil   London, SOAS   Political economic dimensions of East Asian development: South Korea, India   Rajiv Chitazhi NARAYAN   Dr R H Taylor
2000   DPhil   Oxford, Christ Church   Conservation management of the tiger, Panthera Tigris Tigris, in Bandhavgarh National Park, India   Latika NATH   Dr D W MacDonald
2000   PhD   LSHTM   Epidemiological immunochemistry of Helicobacter pylori in Jessore, BBHangladesh   J NESSA
2000   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   An operational evaluation test of MEDLINE on CD-ROM in Malaysia with special reference to investigating practicable relevance-based perfoormance measures   Roslina OTHMAN
2000   PhD   Hull   Changing dimensions of single European Market: implications for the non-member countries – a case study on India’s textile and clothing exports   S Gnanasekara PANDIAN
2000   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   Technology and environmental leapfrogging: three case studies from India   R M PERKINS   Dr B Vira
2000   PhD   London, LSE   Legal systems as a determinant of foreign direct investment: the case of Sri Lanka   Amanda Joan PERRY   Mr P Muchlinski
2000   PhD   Lancaster   A critical ethnography on the production of the Indian MBA discourse   E PRIYADHARSHINI
2000   PhD   Nottingham Trent   Douglarisation and the politics of Indian/African relations in Trinidad writing   Sheila RAMPERSAD
2000   PhD   Edinburgh   Another member of our family: aspects of television culture and social change in Varanasi, North India   Simon William ROBERTS   Dr A Good; Dr J Spencer
2000   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Communal conflict in Bengal, 1930-1947: political parties, the Muslim intelligentsia and the Pakistan Movement   Sulagna ROY   Dr R S Chandavarkar
2000   PhD   Cambridge   Matrilineal comunities, patriarchial realities: female headship in eastern Sri Lanka – a feminist economic reading   K N RUWANPURA   Mrs S Fennell
2000   MPhil   Newcastle   Modelling privatised minor irrigation systems in Bangladesh: an economic analysis   F I M G W SARKER
2000   PhD   Durham   The influence of British political thought in China and India: the cases of Sun Yat-Sen, Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru   N A SCOTT
2000   PhD   Wales, Bangor   The influence of farmer knowledge, shade and planting density on smallholder rubber/banana intercropping in Sri Lanka   A M W K SENEVIRATHNA
2000   DPhil   Sussex   Mother/child health and health care in Pakistan   Shafqat SHEHZAD   Mr P Chaudhuri; Dr A Wagstaff
2000   PhD   Southampton   Constitutional rights relating to criminal justice in South Asia: a comparison with the European Convention on Human Rights   Kabiniyage Buddhappriya Asola SILVA
2000   PhD   Warwick   Gendered labour process and flexibility: a study of jewellery production in India   U SONI-SINHA
2000   PhD   London, SOAS   The impact of Islamization on the Christian community of Pakistan   P SOOKHDEO
2000   PhD   Southampton   The impact of rural-urban migration on child survival in India   Robert STEPHENSON   Dr J McDdonald
2000   PhD   Open   Coproducing universal primary education in a context of social exclusion: households, community organisations and state administration in a district of Karnataka, India   R SUBRAHMANIAN
2000   PhD   Edinburgh   Development of a range management decision support system (RAMDSS)for forest planning in the Banavasi Range of the Western Ghats, India   Ramanathan SUGUMARAN
2000   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Women’s political strategies to combat poverty: a study of a squatter settlement in Dhaka   S M SULTAN   Dr R S Chandavarkar
2000   PhD   Cambridge, Wolfson   Mapping hinduism: “Hinduism” and the study of Indian religions, 1630-1776   Barry W H SWEETMAN   Dr J Lipner
2000   PhD   Essex   The perception of social support and the experience of depression in Pakistani women   E TAREEN
2000   PhD   Southampton   Rural poverty and the role of the non-farm sector in economic development: the Indian experience   M TIWARI
2000   PhD   Portsmouth   Illiteracy in India: a multi-level analysis   S VENKATASUBRAMANIAN
2000   PhD   Warwick   The influence of culture and politics on accounting change in India from 1947 to 1998   Shradda VERMA
2000   PhD   Cambridge, Corpus   Cranial diversity and the evolutionary history of South Asians   Samanti Dineshkumari WARUSAWITHANA KULATILAKE
2000   MPhil   Wales, Aberystwyth   Britain and the Muslims: imperial perceptions of Indian Muslims, 1914-1922   R A J WHITE
2000   MPhil   Oxford, St Cross   Released on both sides ? The origin and position of formless meditation in early Indian Buddhism   Alexander WYNNE   Prof R F Gombrich
2000   PhD   Edinburgh   The forest cooks and the people eat: nature and society in Mayurbhanj, Orissa   Hannele Kirsi Aija YLO’NEN
2000   PhD   Bradford   Agriculture and pastorarlism in the late Bronze Age, North West Frontier, Pakistan   R L YOUNG
2001   MPhil   Glasgow   Colonisation and Hijab: a case study of Egypt and India   N AHMAD
2001   PhD   Stirling   Socio-economic aspects of freshwater prawn culture development in Bangladesh   N AHMED
2001   PhD   Leeds   Thalassaemia carrier testing in pregnant Pakistani women: perceptions of “information ” and “consent”   Shenaz AHMED
2001   PhD   London, SOAS   Early Indian moulded terracotta: the emergence of an iconography and variations in style, circa second century BC to first century AD   Naman Parmeshwar AHUJA
2001   PhD   Essex   Pakistan’s export performance, 1972-1998   M AKBAR
2001   PhD   Durham   Slaves of water: indigenous knowledge of fisheries on the floodplain of Bangladesh   M ALAM
2001   PhD   Aberdeen   Evaluation of environmental sustainability of forest land use policies of Bangladesh   Mohammad ALI
2001   PhD   Aberdeen   The effects of low temperature and seed quality on the germination of fifteen rice (Oryza sative L)cultivars from Bangladesh   M G ALI
2001   PhD   Portsmouth   The rise of a service class culture in India: the software industry in Bangalore   Elaine ASSAR
2001   PhD   Portsmouth   The emergence of a new culture class: the software industry in Bangalore, India   Elain Risa ASSER   Dr P Churmer-Smit
2001   PhD   Brunel   The development of India’s crafts and their implication upon Indo-European furniture   N W BAMFORTH
2001   PhD   Strathclyde   A critique of tourism development planning: a case of Sri Lanka   H M BANDARA
2001   PhD   Wales, Bangor   Developing fodder resources on the forest grassland of tribal areas in western India   Peter George BEZKOROWAJNYI
2001   PhD   Bristol   Conceptions: an exploration of infertility and assisted conception in India   A BHARADWAJ
2001   PhD   Oxford, St Antony’s   The emergence of the Bombay film industry, 1913-1937   Kaushik BHAUMIK   Dr D A Washbrook
2001   PhD   Strathclyde   Consumer preferences and public policy: a case study of water supply and waste management in Madras (Chennai), India   A P BHAYAN KARAM
2001   PhD   Strathclyde   Contingent variation in a developing metropolis: an exploration of water and waste management in Madres   Anand Prathivadi BHAYANKARAM   Mr R Perman
2001   PhD   Kingston   The initiation and magmatic evolution of a juvenile island arc: the Kohistan arc, Pakistan Himalaya   S M BIGNOLD
2001   PhD   London, LSHTM   The rational use of blood in India: intervention to promote good transfusion practice   Timothy John BRAY
2001   PhD   Aberdeen   Chipko and crofter: land movements in northern India and the Highlands of Scotland   Nandini B CHADHA   Mr W T C Brotherstone; Dr J Forster
2001   PhD   Strathclyde   The impact of trade policy on growth in India   Ramesh CHANDRA   Prof J Love
2001   PhD   Cambridge, Girton   Colonial power and agrarian politics in Kheda District (Gujarat), c.1890-1930   Vinayak CHATURVEDI   Prof C A Bayly
2001   PhD   Leeds   Appropriate disposal of sewage in urban and suburban Sri Lanka   E J H COREA
2001   PhD   London, RHUL   Faith, unity, discipline: the making of a socio-political formation in urban India, Lahore,1935-1953   Markus DAECHSEL   Prof F C R Robinson
2001   PhD   Cambridge, Sidney    Whither urban governance ? Self-help civil society, political conflicts and environmental services in Chennai, India   S L DAHIYA   Dr B J Devereux
2001   PhD   Glasgow   The Bengal Army and the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny, 1856-1857   Julian Saul Markham DAVID   Prof H F A Strachen
2001   PhD   London   Air pollution and agricultural insect pests in urban and peri-urban areas of India   C DAVIES
2001   PhD   Essex   No time to play: social, economic and legal dimensions of child labour practices in India   Rie DEBABRATA
2001   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   Sikh discourses of community and sovereignty in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries    Jeevan S DEOL   Prof C A Bayley
2001   PhD   Exeter   The effects of marital dissolution, fertility and contraceptive behaviour among men and woimen in Addu Atoll, Maldives   Aminath Mohamed DIDI   Dr N Ford; Dr A Ankomah
2001   PhD   Cambridge, Queens’   The scars of piety: Islam and the dynamics of religious dispute on Androth Island, South India   Brian John DIDIER   Dr J A Laidlaw
2001   PhD   London, RHUL   Traditional rule and western conventions: the Maharajas of Bikaner and their partnership with the Raj, 1887-1947   Paolo DURISOTTO   Prof F C R Robinson
2001   PhD   Loughborough   Venture capital financing in India: a study of venture capitalist’s valuation, structuring and monitoring practices    Mansoor DURRANI
2001   PhD   Cambridge, Clare Hall   Commerce and diaspora: locating the business practices of Hindu Sindhis    Mark Anthony FALZON   Dr J A Laidlaw
2001   PhD   London, SOAS   Buddhist narratives in Burmese murals   Alexandra Raissa GREEN   Dr E H Moore; Dr G H R Tillitson
2001   PhD   Lancaster   A critical review of ecological impact assessment in Sri Lanka: with particular reference to the shrimp aquaculture industry   Miriya Prasanni GUNAWARDENA
2001   DrPH   London, LSHTM   Regulation of the private health care sector in Pakistan   Ajmal HAMID
2001   PhD   South Bank   Social exclusion and women’s health in Lahore, Pakistan   N A HAMID
2001   PhD   Liverpool   Identity, conflict and nationalism: the Naga and Kuki peoples of northeast India and northwest Burma   Seilen HAOKIP
2001   MPhil   London, LSE   Humanitarian assistance: the relationship between NGOs and the government of Sri Lanka   Marit HAUG   Prof C Fuller; Prof M Light
2001   PhD   Durham   The engineering behaviour of the tropical clay soils of Dhaka, Bangladesh   A S HOSSAIN
2001   PhD   London, Imperial   The nitrogen economy of rice-based cropping systems in Bangladesh   F HOSSAIN
2001   PhD   Southampton   Assessment of family planning outreach workers’ contact and contraceptive use dynamics in rural Bangladesh using multilevel modelling   M B HOSSAIN
2001   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Essays on consumption and asset mobility in rural Pakistan: a microeconomic approach   Taimur HYAT   Prof B Harriss-White
2001   PhD   Leeds   Internet implementation and strategic subsidiary context of Malaysias subsidiaries located in the UK   Azizi Ali IBRAHIM
2001   PhD   Edinburgh   The scent of jasmine: experiencing knowledge and emotion in cross cultural contextrs of South Indian classical dance   Joanna Rose JACOBSON
2001   PhD   Stirling   Fishery biology and population dynamics of shrimps (Penaeua indicus)and Metapenaeus dobsoni)in the lagoon and coastal area of Negombo, Sri Lanka   P A A T JAYAWARDANE
2001   PhD   Birmingham   A cluster randomised controlled trial of reorganising maternal health services in Sindh, Pakistan   A H JOKHIO
2001   DPhil   Oxford, St Edmund Hall   Christian and non-Christian Angami Nagas with special reference to traditional healing practices   Vibha JOSHI   Dr N J Allen
2001   PhD   London, SOAS   The making of colonial psychiatry, Bombay Presidentcy, 1849-1940   Shruti KAPILA   Prof D J Arnold
2001   PhD   London, Inst Comm.   Security, development and political accommodation in Bangladesh   Shahnaz KARIM   Prof J Manor; Prof R F Holland
2001   PhD   Southampton   Maternal health care utilisation among the urban poor of Maharashtra, India   F KAUSAR
2001   DPhil   Oxford   Echo words in Tamil   Elinor KEANE
2001   PhD   Newcastle   Enhancement of nutritional quality of straw-based diets in Pakistan by urea treatment or suppementation with protein or energy   Muhammad Aslam KHAN
2001   PhD   Nottingham   Environmental hazards, risk perception and general environmental beliefs: a cross cultural study between UK and Pakistan   N R KHAN
2001   DPhil   Oxford, Wadham   Poverty in Pakistan: a study on health, nutrition, income and consumption   Salman H KHAN   Dr C Muller
2001   DPhil   Oxford, Wadham   State, society and labour in colonial Bombay, 1893-1918   Prashant K KIDAMBI   Dr D A Washbrook
2001   PhD   Birminghm   Mission pneumatology with special reference to the Indian theologies of the holy spirit of Stanley Samartha, Vandana and Samuel Rayan   K KIM
2001   PhD   Reading   Sociolinguistic variation in urban India: a study of Marathi-speaking adolescents in Pune   Sonal KULKARNI
2001   PhD   Birmingham   British South Asian identities and the popular cultures of British Bhangra music, Bollywod films and Zee TV in Birmringham   r KUMAR DUDRAH
2001   PhD   London, External   Sarangi style in North Indian art music   Nicolas Fairchild MAGRIEL   Dr R Widdess
2001   PhD   Lancaster   Economic reforms in India: impact on savings and productivity of the manufacturing sector   Vidya MAHAMBARE   Prof V N Balasubramanyam
2001   PhD   Stirling   Small scale multispecies demersal fishery off Negombo, Sri Lanka   R R P MALDENIYA
2001   PhD   Oxford, St Antony’s   A reluctant warrior: Hong Kong in Anglo-American interactions, 1949-1957   Chi Kwan MARK   Dr R J Foot
2001   PhD   Brunel   Rushdie’s legacy: the emergence of a radical British Muslim identity   G A McROY
2001   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   African NGOs: turning knowledge and experience into power   Sarah G MICHAEL   Dr C Elliott
2001   PhD   London, SOAS   Painting awareness: a study in the use of exotic cultural traditions by the artists of the Emperor Akbar’s Khamsa of Nizami   Gregory B MINISSALE
2001   PhD   Leeds   Weak market efficiency and the determinants of share returns: a study of the listed companies on the Dhaka Stock Exchange   Asma MOBAREK   Prof K Keasey; Dr H Short
2001   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Love and marriage in Delhi   Perveez MODY SPENCER   Dr J A Laidlaw
2001   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   Dispute settlement mechanism in the ASEAN free trade area (AFTA}   Rahmat MOHAMAD
2001   PhD   Leeds   Dividend policy and behaviour and security price reaction to the announcement of dividends in an emergency market: a study of companies listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange   A Sabur MOLLAH   Prof K Keasey
2001   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   Writing crime, writing empire: representing the colony in nineteenth century fiction fo crime   Upamanyu Pablo MUKHERJEE   Prof C I Donaldson
2001   PhD   Kent   On the strength of a likeness: Kipling and the analogical connections between India and Ireland   Kaori NAGAI
2001   PhD   Leeds   Perceptions of empowerment and reproductive health decisions amongst rural India women   Ann Marie NICHOLS   Dr Ray Bush; Dr Z Aydin
2001   PhD   London, LSE   The Singapore entrepreneurial state in China: a sociological study of the Suzhou industrial park, 1992-1999   Alexius A PEREIRA   Dr A Power
2001   PhD   Hull   Population biology and management of hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha)in Bangladesh   Md Jalilur RAHMAN
2001   PhD   London, LSHTM   Utilisation of primary health care services in rural Bangladesh: the population and provider perspectives   S A RAHMAN
2001   PhD   Manchester   Modelling demand and supply in Bangladesh agriculture: a computable general equilibrium approach to public policy and economic welfare   S M Osman RAHMAN   Dr N Russell
2001   PhD   City   The evolving devi: education, employment and British Hindu Gujerati women’s identity   Hasmita RAMJI
2001   DPhil   Oxford, Christ Church   Constrictions of identity and cultural translation in relation to origin and destination: a generational comparison of South Asian expatriate and immigrant writers in Britain (1937-present)   Ruvani RANASINHA   Dr J A Mee
2001   PhD   London, QMW   Public interest environmental legislation in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh   J RAZZAQUE
2001   PhD   Manchester   Participation and protected area conservation in India: ecodevelopment theory and practice   Trevor Pritchard REES   Prof D Hulme
2001   PhD   Cambridge, Clare Hall   The making of ethnoHinduism: communalism, reservations and the Ahmedabad riot of 1985   Ornit SHANI   Dr R S Chandravarkar
2001   PhD   London, LSE   Merchants, “saints” and sailors: the social production of islamic reform in a port town of western India   Edward Lawrence SIMPSON
2001   PhD   Wales, Swansea   Gender participation and community forestry: the case of joint forest management in Madhya Pradesh, India   R SINGH
2001   PhD   Reading   International experience of plant variety protection: lessons for India   Chittur SSRINIVASAN   Prof C G Thirtle
2001   PhD   Cambridge, Sidney Sussex   Ecological institutions: joint forest management in Bihar (Jharkhand)and West Bengal, India   M TIWARY   Dr S E Corbridge
2001   PhD   Cambridge, Gonville   Contested notions of sovereignty in Bengal under British rule, 1765-1785   Thomas R TRAVERS   Prof C A Bayly
2001   MPhil   Open   The legacy of the controversies: the continuing impact on interfaith encounters in Sri Lanka of nineteenth century controversies between Buddhists and Christians    M S VASANTHAKUMAR
2001   PhD   Cambridge, Newnham   The appeal of a modern god-person in contemporary India: the case of Mata Amritanandamayi and her mission   M WARRIER   Dr S B Bayley
2001   PhD   Hertfordshire   Identifying potential barriers to business process and information systems reengineering in Sri Lanka   V WEERAKKODY
2001   PhD   Southampton   Short birth intervals and infant health in India   Alison K WHITWORTH
2001   DPhil   Oxford, St Hughes   Governing property, making law: British conceptions of agrarian society and the administration of rural Bengal, c.1785-1835   Jon E WILSON   Dr D A Washbrook
2001   DPhil   Oxford, St Cross   Process analysis of a total literacy campaign in India: a case study of Udaiput District   Rie YAGI   Dr C Brock
2001   PhD   Loughborough   The globalisation of Western advertising: a case study of the impact of imported advertising on cultural values   Azizul Halim YAHYA
2001   PhD   London, SOAS   The intertextuality of women in Urdu litterature: a study of Fahmida Riaz and Kishwar Naheed   Amina YAQIN
2002   PhD   Wales, Bangor   Basic needs analysis of social forestry participants in northwest Bangladesh   S AKHTER   Prof C Price
2002   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Child labour in the Bombay Presidency, 1850-1920   Emma Catherine ALEXANDER   Dr R S Chandavarkar
2002   PhD   London, Imperial   Biological variation and chemical control of Rhizoctonia solani causing rice sheath blight disease in Bangladesh   Md Ansar ALI
2002   PhD   LSHTM   An analysis of private hospital markets in Bangladesh   M A AMIN
2002   PhD   Stirling   A question of “Chineseness”: the Chinese diaspora in Singapore, 1819-1950s   Lynn Ling-Yin ANG   Dr S Mishra
2002   MPhil   Newcastle   Trophy hunting and conservation: Himalayan Ibrex Capra Ibex sibirica in northern Pakistan   Masood ARSHAD
2002   PhD   London   The political economy of policy reform: labour market regulation in India   Roli ASTHANA
2002   PhD   Sheffield   Children’s drawings as research tool: establishing children’s environmental concepts and preferences with reference to urban openspace planning design in Johore Bahru, Malaysia   M S A BAKAR
2002   PhD   London, SOAS   Buddhism and shamanism in village Sikkim   A BALIKCI
2002   DPhil   Oxford, Somerville   The other side of the Raj: representation of colonial India in the writings of Edward John Thompson   Nilanjana BANERJI   Prof R J C Young
2002   PhD   London, SOAS   An investigation into the 56 Vinayakas in Banares and their origins   Isabelle O T BERMIJN
2002   DPhil   Oxford, Linacre   Biodiversity and conservation of a cultural landscape in the Western ghats of India   Shonil A BHAGWAT   Dr N D Brown; Dr P S Savill
2002   DPhil   Oxford, St Anne’s   Stylistic features of Sanskrit in the Upanisads and Pali in early Buddhist texts with special reference to prose word order   Pathompong BODHIPRASIDDHINAND   Prof R F Gombrich
2002   PhD   Cambridge, Wolfson   Archaeological science as anthropology: time, space and matreriality in rural India and the ancient past   Nicole Lise BOIVIN   Dr C A French
2002   MPhil   London, Birkbeck   Religion and the experiences of Indo-Pakistani women in the fiction of Bharati Mukherjee, Bapsi Sidhwa, Hanif Kureishi and Salmon Rushdie   N H BOWEN
2002   PhD   London, SOAS   Baloch nationalism: its origin and development up to 1980   Taj Mohammad BRESEEG
2002   PhD   London   Asakta Karman in the Bhagavadgita   Simon Pearse BRODBECK
2002   PhD   London, SOAS   Indian religions   Simon Pearse BRODBECK
2002   PhD   Newcastle   The integration of poverty-focused aquaculture in large-scale irrigation systems in South Asia   Cecile D BRUGERE
2002   PhD   London   Local governance in Calcutta: bureaucratic performance and health care delivery   Indranil CHAKRABARTI
2002   MLitt   Oxford, St Antony’s   Ashraf identity in early Urdu fiction   Shardul Kumar CHATURVEDI   Dr D A Washbrook; Dr N Gooptu
2002   PhD   Bristol   Towards the socialisation of children’s learning: pupils, parents and primary education in an Indian district – an ethnographic survey   Rita CHAWLA-DUGGAN
2002   PhD   London, UC   The influence of ethnicity and beliefs on the course and outcome of schizophrenia in Singapore   J L CHUA
2002   PhD   London, LSE   Social mobility in a Chamar community in eastern Uttar Pradesh, northern Indian   Manuela CIOTTI
2002   DPhil   Sussex   Rural poverty in Bangaldesh: a comparative study of determinants of economic well-being and inequality   Maria Jose A CORTIJO
2002   PhD   Open   Environmental impact of Deccan Trap flood basalt volcanism: assessment of regional floral responses to late Cretaceous-early Tertiary activity   Jennifer Ann CRIPPS
2002   PhD   De Montfort   Maharashtra and the cross-fertilisation of style of Brahmanical caves in India   Deepanjana DANDA
2002   PhD   London, LSHTM   The long term effect of child bearing on adult mortality in Matlab, Bangladesh   Lisa Sioned DAVIES
2002   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   British policy in Bengal: 1939-1954   Bikramjit DE   Prof J M Brown; Prof T Raychaudhuri
2002   PhD   London, SOAS   Institutionalizing education: colonial government, missionary and household education in British colonial Punjab   Jeffrey Mark DIAMOND   Dr A A Powell
2002   PhD   Oxford Brookes   The molecular basis of thalassaemia in Sri Lanka   Christopher A FISHER
2002   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   Globalization and religious revival in the imperial cities of the Indian Ocean rim, 1870-1820   Mark Ravinder FROST   Dr T N Harper
2002   PhD   Durham   Indigenous knowledge, livelihood and decision -making strategies on floodplain farmers in Bangladesh   G P GHOSH
2002   PhD   Bath   Competing interests and institutional ambiguities: problems of sustainable forest management in the northern areas of Pakistan   A GOHAR
2002   PhD   Edinburgh   Untouchable citizens: an analysis of the Liberation Panthers and democratistion in Tamil Nadu   Hugh GORRINGE
2002   PhD   London, SOAS   The Sufi saints of Awrangabad: narratives, contexts and identities   Nile S GREEN
2002   PhD   Cambridge. St John’s   Mantle plumes and depositional sequences: onshore/offshore India   A R W HALKETT   Dr N J White
2002   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Famine process and famine policy: a case study of Ahmednagar District, Bombay Presidency, 1870-84   David N J HALL-MATTHEWS   Dr D A Washbrook; Dr B Harriss
2002   PhD   Leeds   Computer misuse within the organisation: an evaluation of computer misuse legislation in Britain and Malaysia   Zaiton HAMIN
2002   PhD   London, Imperial   Characterisation of Bacillus cereus strains in Bangladeshi rice   Md Anwarul HAQUE
2002   PhD   Edinburgh   Growing gods: bidayuh processes of religious change in Sarawak, Malaysia   F M A HARRIS
2002   DPhil   Sussex   British collecting of Indian art and artifacts in the 18th and 19th centuies   Lucian G HARRIS
2002   PhD   Reading   Understanding farmers’ attitudes and behaviours towards the use of pesticides on cotton crop in Pakisdtan’s Punjab   Tariq HASSAN
2002   PhD   London   The curriculum for health education in schools: issues of definition, choice and implementation: an illuminative study based on Uganda, Zambia and India   Hubert William Richmond HAWES
2002   PhD   Strathclyde   The significance of ethnic ties and entreprenurial networks in the internationalisation of the firm: case study: the internationalisation of UK Indian enterprises   Jaswinder Singh HAYER
2002   PhD   Leeds   The expression of syntax in Sri Lankan English: speech and writing   S M F HERAT
2002   PhD   Hull   US – Pakistan partnership in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979-1988: causes, dynamics and consequences   A Z A HILALI
2002   PhD   Strathclyde   An integrated performance measurement system of health care services: an empirical study of public and private hospitals in Malaysia   Abdul Razak IBRAHIM
2002   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Alternative methods and sources for measuring vaccination coverage in rural Bangladesh   MdD Shafiqul ISLAM   Dr C G N Mascie-Taylor
2002   DPhil   Sussex   Voice, responsiveness and collaboration: democratic decentralization and service delivery in two Indian cities   Jennifer JALAL   J P Gaventa
2002   PhD   Wales, Bangor   Drivers of land use change and policy analysis: the case of Bangladesh   Mohammed JASHIMUDDIN   Prof G Edwards-Jones
2002   PhD   Open   An investigation of teaching and learning biology at a distance: with special reference to Sri Lanka   B G JAYATILLEKE
2002   DPhil   York   Cultural construction of the “Sinhala woman” and women’s lives in post-independence Sri Lanka   J D JAYAWARDENA   Dr J de Groot
2002   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Greeks, Saracens and Indians: imperial builders in south India, 1800-1880   Ioma Shanti JAYEWARDENE-PILLAI   Dr D A Washbrook
2002   PhD   London, RHUL   Being Sri Lankan: three cultural geographies   Tariq JAZEEL   Dr C Nash; Prof D Gower
2002   PhD   Southampton   The rhetoric and reality of gender issues in the domestic water sector: a case study from India   Deepa JOSHI
2002   PhD   Cambridge, Selwyn   Behavioural ecology of sympatric langures in Bangladesh   Md Mofizul KABIR   Dr D J Chivers
2002   MD   Leeds   Genetic and environmental determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in South Asian patients with cerebrovascular disease and their first degree relatives   K KAIN
2002   PhD   Nottingham   The categories of Hindu nationalism: a neo-structuralist analysis of the discourse of Hindutva   Christian KARNER
2002   PhD   Manchester Metropolitan   Public participation in environmental impact assessment in the developing and developed worlds: Pakistan and UK perspectives   Amjad Ali KHAN
2002   PhD   Kent   Memory, dis-location, violence and women in the partition literature of Pakistan and India    Furrukh Abbas KHAN   Dr A S Gurnah
2002   MPhil   London, UC   Vitamin A deficiency in children in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP)of Pakistan   M A KHAN
2002   PhD   Manchester   An evaluation of the performance of small and medium enterprises in Bangladesh with special reference to finance   Md Saiful Amin KHAN   Prof F Nixson
2002   PhD   Durham   Women’s voices: the presentation of women in the fiction of South Asian women   Lisa Ee Jia LAU   Dr M A Crang; Dr E E Mawdsley
2002   PhD   London   The role of Islam in the legal system of Pakistan   Martin Wilhelm LAU
2002   PhD   Kent   Power and patronage in Pakistan   Stephen M LYON   Mr R S Edmond
2002   PhD   Reading   The role of English in higher education in Pakistan   S MANSOOR
2002   PhD   Bristol   The global regulation of marine fisheries and its impact on two developing states: Namaibia and Kerala   Leonarda Enrica Camilla MARAZZI
2002   DClinPsy   Leicester   Illness representations, coping and locus of control in breast cancer: a comparative study amongst South Asian Indian women and white indigenous women   R MARTYN
2002   PhD   Durham   Sowing new ideas; an investigation of anthropology’s contribution to rural development in south east Sri Lanka   M MARZANO
2002   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   The sepoy army and colonial Madras, c1806-57   Carina Anne MONTGOMERY   Dr D A Washbrook
2002   PhD   London, SOAS   A lot of history: sexual violence, public memory and the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971   Nayanika MOOKHERJEE   Dr C Pinney; Dr C Osella
2002   PhD   London, SOAS   Hindi film songs: and the cinema   Anna Frances MORCOM   Dr R Widdess
2002   PhD   Bristol   A study of the late Madhyamaka doxography   Jundo NAGASHIMA
2002   PhD   East Anglia   Between work and school: children in rural Andhra Pradesh   Masako OTA   Prof J D Seddon; Dr R Palmer-Jones

2002    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    The fragile web of order: conflict avoidance and dispute resolution in Ladakh    Fernanda PIRIE    Dr M J Banks; Prof D Parkin
2002    PhD    Glasgow    Morphological and molecular systematic studies of Asian caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona)    Bronwen PRESSWELL
2002    PhD    London, LSE    US foreign policy to Pakistan, 1947-1960: reconstructing strategy    Saqib Iqbal QUERESHI    Dr C Coker
2002    PhD    Essex    India in the making of liberal identities: the case of Mary Carpenter and Harrier Martineau    Brenda A QUINN    Prof C M Hall
2002    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Muslims and crime: a comparative criminological study of South Asian Muslims in Britain and Pakistan    Muzammil QURAISHI    Dr J Wardhaugh
2002    PhD    London, LSE    US foreign policy to Pakistan, 1947-1960: re-constructing strategy    Saqib Iqbal QURESHI    Dr C Coker
2002    PhD    Aberdeen    Seasonal availability and utilisation of feed resources and their impact on the nutrition of livestock in an agro pastoral system of the Hindu Kush Karakoram Himalayan region of Pakistan    Abdur RAHMAN
2002    PhD    East Anglia    Standing one’s ground: gender, land and livelihoods in the Santal Parganas, Jharkhans, India    Nitya RAO    Prof C Jackson; Dr B Rogaly
2002    PhD    Bradford    Opening up spaces: engendering protracted social conflict and conflict transformation: an analysis with special reference to Sri Lanka    C REIMANN
2002    PhD    London, LSHTM    Sustaining menstrual regulation policy: a case study of the policy process in Bangladesh    Gabrielle Catherine ROSS
2002    PhD    Aberdeen    The economic viability of shrimp farming in the coastal areas of Pakistan    Nizam SABIR
2002    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Raj Bhakta Marg: the path of devotion to Srimad Rajcandra: a Jain community in the twenty first century    E K SALTER    Dr Johnson
2002    PhD    Edinburgh    Negotiations and contradictions: local perceptions of tourism on Langkawi Island, Malaysia    Nor Hafizah SELAMAT
2002    PhD    London, UC    A study to determine the effects of the status of women on child growth undertaken in the Mysore region of Karnataka, India    K SETHURAMAN
2002    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    The resolution of environmental disputes in India    D SHANNUGANATHAN
2002    PhD    Newcastle    Application of information technology to improve the design process in the construction sector in Pakistan: a case of the specification management process    B K SHAR
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    Communism in India    Shalini SHARMA    Dr S Kaviraj
2002    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    The sacred geography of Sanchi Hill: the archaeological setting of Buddhist monasteries in central India    J SHAW    Dr D K Chakrabarti
2002    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Metaphysical psychology: an analysis of Sri Aurobindo Ghose’s theory of psychological consciousness development with special reference to his concepts of integral Brahman and the psychic entity     Girija SHETTAR    Dr Johnson
2002    MPhil/PhD    Reading    Credit constraints on the growth of rural non-farm sector in India    Anchita SHUKLA (TRIPATHI)    Dr S L Wiggins
2002    PhD    Bath    Escape and “struggle”: routes to women’s liberation in Bihar    Indu B SINHA    Dr G Wood; Dr J A McGregor
2002    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Representative agent modes and macroeconomic poliocy: an application to the UK    Naveen SRINIVASAN
2002    DPhil    Oxford, Trinity    Bhuvanekabahu VII and the Portuguese: temporal and spiritual encounters in Sri Lanka, 1521-1551    Alan Leiper STRATHERN    Dr P B R Carey; Prof T F Earle
2002    PhD    Cranfield, Silsoe    An evaluation of public and private groundwater irrigation systems in Bangladesh and Pakistan    David SUTHERLAND    Dr R Carter
2002    DPhil    Oxford    Clothing culture: sex, gender and transvestism with reference to UK transvestites and the hijras of India    Charlotte SUTHRELL    Prof M Banks
2002    DPhil    Oxford, Wolfson    A study of consecration ritual in Indian Buddhist tantrism: a critical and annotated transslation of selected sections of the Kriyasagrahapanjika of Kuladatta    Ryugen TANEMURA    Prof A G J Sanderson
2002    PhD    Wales, Bangor    Influence of crop profitability, market, labour and land on smallholder cropping systems in rubber-growing areas of Sri Lanka    Sunethra Pushpa Kumri Thennakoon THENNAKOON-MUDIYANSELAGE    Dr F Sinclair
2002    DPhil    Oxford, Hertford    Negotiating the boundaries of gender and empire: Lady Mary Curzon, Vicereine of India    Nicola J THOMAS    Dr P Coones; Dr J R Ryan
2002    PhD    Cambridge, Fitzwilliam    The institutional responses to the water needs of peri-urban communities in Delhi, India    Kathryn Signe TOVEY    Dr B Vira
2002    PhD    Cambridge, Christ’s    Crafting discourse: mat weaving in Pattamadai, South India    S VENKATESAN    Dr D A Swallow
2002    PhD    East Anglia    Foreign aid, power and elementary education reform in Pakistan from 1992 to 1999    Michael WARD    Dr R McBride
2002    PhD    Nottingham    Salman Rushdie: imagining the other name foe Islam    Y YACOUBI
2002    PhD    London, SOAS    The Vinaya in India and China: spirit and transformation    Jing YIN    Dr T Skorupski
2002    PhD    Reading    An application of theory of planned behaviour and logistic regression models to understand farm level tree planting and its determinants in the district of Dera Ismail of Pakistan’s North West Frontier Province    Muhammad ZUBAIR
2003    PhD    Birmingham    Women empowerment and intrahousehold resource allocation through micro-finance: a comparative study of two micro-finance institutions in Bangladesh    Shahnaz Tarannum ABDULLAH
2003    PhD    Glasgow    An ethnographic study of violence experienced by Dalit Christian women in Kerala State, India, and the implications of this for feminist theology    S ABRAHAM
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Federal formation and consociational stabilisation: the politics of national identity, articulation and ethnic conflict regulation in India and Pakistan    Katharine ADENEY    Prof B O’Leary
2003    PhD    Stirling    An empirical study of employee share ownership in Malaysia    Mohmad ADNAN B ALIAS
2003    PhD    Exeter    Linking India with Britain: the Persian Gulf cable, 1864-1906    Farajollah AHMADI    Prof J Black; Dr L P Morris
2003    PhD    London, UC    Ethnicity and environment in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Bangladesh    Farid AHMED    Dr M Banerjee
2003    DPhil    Sussex    The construction of childhood in Monipur: negotiating boundaries through activities    Iftikhar AHMED
2003    PhD    Manchester    Sri Lankan export-orientated clothing manufacturing industry: a comparison of management development practices across foreign, joint venture and local companies    Vathsala AKURATIYAGAMAGE    B Cooke; A Mamman
2003    PhD    Queen’s, Belfast    We are fighting for the women’s liberation also: a comparative study of female combatants in the national conflicts in Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland    M ALISON
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Dominant texts, subaltern performances: two tellings of the Ramayan in central India    S ANITHA
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Wolfson    A political biography of Don Stephen Senanyake, (1931-1952): the former prime minister of Sri Lanka    Drene Terana APONSO    Dr G Johnson
2003    DPhil    Oxford, St Cross    Education reform in developing countries:decentralisation with reference to India and Pakistan    Linda F C ARTHUR    Dr C Brock
2003    PhD    London, UC    Childhood epilepsy in Bangladesh: clinical profile, predictors of outcome and randomised controlled trial of efficacy and side effects of treatment    S H BANU
2003    MPhil    Birmingham    A comparative examination of critical, religious and interreligious ingredients contributing to intercommunal harmony and disharmony in Sri Lanka: Sri Lankan Tamil Hindu dynamism, British Christian evangelism and the rise of 20th century Sinhalese Buddhist militancy    A R BECKETT
2003    PhD    Manchester    Perceptions of user education in the university libraries of Pakistan    Rubina BHATTI    T Christie; G Price
2003    PhD    Oxford Brookes    Revolution, military personnel and the war of liberation in Banglaldesh    O A BIR BIKRAM
2003    MPhil    London, SOAS    Hindustani music in the reign of Aurangzeb    Katherine Ruth BROWN    Dr R Widdess
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    We Nelpalis: language, lliterature and the formation of a Nepali public sphere in India, 1914-1940    Rhoderick Alasdair MacDonald CHALMERS    Dr M Hutt
2003    PhD    Leeds    The relationship between knowledge and power in the work of Amitav Ghosh    C G CHAMBERS
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Trinity Hall    Mysore: the making and unmaking of a model state, c. 1799-1834    Nigel Hugh Mosman CHANCELLOR    Prof C A Bayly
2003    PhD    Edinburgh    Rishtas: transational Pakistani marriages    Katharine CHARSLEY
2003    PhD    Sheffield    Birth for some women in Pakistan: defining and defiling    M CHESNEY
2003    PhD    Edinburgh    Admitted truths in Muslim-Christian dialogue: a study of William Muir, Sayyid Ahmad Khan and William Goldsack in 19th century India    David Otis COFFEY
2003    DPhil    Oxford, Queen’s    Marxism and middle class intelligentsia: political ideology and culture in Bengal, 1920-1950    Rajarshi DASGUPTA    Dr N Gooptu
2003    DPhil    Oxford, St Hugh’s    Bridging educational and social divides ? private school outreach for out-of-school children in India    Laura L DAY    Dr C Brock
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Local brokers: knowledge and trust and organisation in the practice of agricultural extension for small and marginal farmers in Rajasthan, India    Bina DESAI    Dr D Mosse
2003    PhD    Newcastle    The regulation of private schools for low-income families in Andrha Pradesh,India: an Austrian economic approach    P DIXON
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Girton    Orientalism, Sanskrit scholarship and education in colonial north India, ca 1775-1875    Michael Sinclair DODSON    Prof C A Bayley
2003    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Sri Ramakrishna, Swami Vivekananda and the Ramakrishna movement: the question of continuity    Paul W EATON    Dr Johnson
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Jews and Judaism in modern Indian discourse    Yulia EGOROVA    Prof C Shackle
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Clare Hall    Behind the scenes at the magic house: an ethnoggraphy of the Indian Museum, Calcutta    M J ELLIOTT    Dr D A Swallow
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Jesus    A study of agricultural production at the level of household, community and region: long term trends in India and China    Shailaja FENNELL    Dr P H Nolan
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Sinhala Buddhist nationalism from revivalism to militant political ideology: the struggle to shape public culture in Sri Lanka    Yolanda FOSTER    Dr DTaylor
2003    PhD    Gloucestershire    Exiled from glory: Anglo-Indian settlement in nineteenth century Britain with special reference to Cheltenham    S FRASER    Dr C R V More; Dr J M Bourne
2003    PhD    Gloucestershire    Exiled from glory: Anglo-Indian settlement in nineteenth century Britain with special reference to Cheltenham    Stuart J FRASER    Dr C R V More; Dr J M Bourne
2003    PhD    London, LSE    From local tensions to ethnic conflict: the emergence of Hindu nationalism in a Christian/Hindu “tribal” community in Chhattisgargh, northern India    Peggy FROERER    Dr L Sklar
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    An economic perspective on resettlement of populations displaced by large dams: the case of the Sardar Sarovar Project displaced, India    Supriya GARIKIPATI
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    The origins and early development of anthropomorphic Indian iconography    Madhuvanti GHOSE    Dr G H R Tillotson
2003    DPhil    Oxford, St Edmund Hall    Subduction-related metamorphism, structure and tectonic evolution of the Kohistan arc and main mantle thrust zone, Pakistanm Himalayas    Simon J GOUGH    Dr D J Waters; Dr M P Searle
2003    PhD    Birmingham    Islamic activism in South Asia: the reasons for the electoral under-achievement of the Jama’at Islami Party of Pakistan, 1947-1977    F HAMEED
2003    PhD    Derby    A critical analysis of policy initiatives involving small and medium enterprises in Malaysia    A B A HAMID
2003    PhD    Sunderland    Identity and the Bengal Muslims: mapping changing perspectives (1905-1971)    F HASHEM
2003    PhD    London, External    Patterns and dynamics of loan use: a study of BRAC borrowers in Bangladesh    F HASIN
2003    PhD    Durham    Arsenic toxicity in Bangladesh: health and social hazards    Md Manzarul HASSAN
2003    DPhil    Sussex    Elite public discourses of poverty and the poor in Bangladesh    Naomi T HOSSAIN    M P Moore
2003    PhD    Southampton    Quality of care in maternity services: childbirth among the urban poor of Mumbai, India    Louise A HULTON
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Churchill    Effect of weekly iron supplementation and antihelminthic treatment on the physical growth and development of Bangladeshi children    Mohammad Mushtuq HUSAIN
2003    PhD    Essex    Factors limiting productivity and adoption of rubber tea intercropping in the low country wet zone of Sri Lanka    S M M IQBAL
2003    MPhil    Birmingham    A call to Christian discipleship in a situation of conflict: a study of Christian mission in the socio-ethnic conflict of Sri Lanka, with special reference to the life witness and theoleogy of Dietrich Bonhoefer    M B JEYAKUMAR
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Queens’    Novels of the South Asian diaspora in East Africa    Stephanie Jillian JONES    Mr T L J Cribb
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Governing morals: state, marriage and householfd among the Gaddis of north India    Kriti KAPILA
2003    MPhil    London, SOAS    The power behind the throne: relations between the British and Indian states, 1870-1909    Caroline J KEEN    Dr A A Powell
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Corpus    Representing children: power, policy and the discourse on child labour in the football manufacturing industry of Sialkot    Ali KHAN    Dr D Sneath
2003    PhD    Manchester    The impact of privatisation in Pakistan    Iram Anjum KHAN    Dr P Cook
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Hughes Hall    A social and political history of the telegraph in the Indian empire, circa 1850-1920    Deep Kanta LAHIRI CHOUDHURY    Prof C A Bayley
2003    PhD    Cambridge,Fitzwillliam    Colonial governmentality: spaces of inperialism and nationalism in India’s new capital, New Delh    S I LEGG    Dr J S Duncan
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Women, equality, autonomy: study of women’s rights in India    Sumi MADHOK    Dr S Kaviraj
2003    PhD    Aberdeen    The performance of agricultural institutions in disseminating new technologies: a case study of modern rice variety BR 32 in Bangladesh’    B MAJUMDER
2003    PhD    Reading    Vegetation mapping in the north west of Pakistan    R N MALIK
2003    DPhil    Sussex    Gendered places, transnational lives: Sikh women in Tanzania, Britain and Indian Pubjab    K P K MAND
2003    PhD    Stirling    Policy transfer and policy translation: day care for people with dementia in Kerala, India    L F M McCABE
2003    PhD    Southampton    Barriers and opportunities in effective contraceptive management in Bangladesh    Juliet McEACHRAN
2003    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    Federalism in Malaysia: a constitutional study of the federal institutions established by the Federal Constitution of Malaysia and their relationships with the traditional institutions in the constitution (with special reference to the Islamic religious power and bureaucracy in the states)    K A MOKHTAR
2003    PhD    Leeds    The levels of integration of people with spinal cord lesion in Bangladesh    Abdul Khair Mohammed MOMIN
2003    PhD    Loughborough    Modelling a flow of funds and policy simulation experiments in the financial sector in India    Tomoe MOORE
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Tradition and modernity: a sociological comparison between Sri Lankan women in Colombo and in London in the late 1990s    Fathima Fatheena MUBARAK
2003    PhD    London, Goldsmiths    Doing development: voluntary agencies in the Sundarbans of West Bengal    Amites MUKHOPADHYAY    Prof P Caplan
2003    PhD    London, LSHTM    Gender and reproductive health in Pakistan: a need for reconceptualisation    Z MUMTAZ
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Romance and pleasure in a restrictive society: understanding the sexual conduct of unmarried middle class young people in Bangladesh    Lazeena MUNA    Prof J Cleland (LSHTM)
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Marxism and beyond in Indian politicval thought: J P Narayan and M N Roy’s theory of radical democrary    Eva-Maria NAG    Dr Chun Lin
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    The museum in colonial India (1770-1936): a history of collecting, exhibiting and disciplining of knowledge    Savithri Preetha NAIR    De G H R Tillotson
2003    PhD    Wales, Aberystwyth    Second World War Japanese atrocities and British minor war crimes trials: the issue of fair trial in four selected British war crimes trials in Malaysia and Singapore in 1946-1947    Arujanan NARAYANAN
2003    PhD    London, UC    The life cycle of clothing: recycling and the efficacy of materiality in contemporary urban India    Katherine Lucy NORRIS    Dr S Kuechler-Fogden
2003    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    Refugees on the Indian sub-continent, 1947-1998: state policy and practice    Pia A OBEROI    Dr G S Goodwin-Gill
2003    PhD    Aberdeen    The classification and efficiency of use of forage resources under semi-arid conditions in the Hindukush, Karakoram and Himalayan region of Pakistan    R M OMER
2003    PhD    Birmingham    The echoes of a faded memory: a contribution to a history of the Tamil Coolie Mission    P J T PEIRIS
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    The formation of a divided public: print, language and literatuire in colonial Goa    R PINTO
2003    PhD    Greenwich    A tapestry of resistance: Afghan educated refugee women in Pakistan: “Agency” identity and resistance in war and displacement    N POURZAND
2003    PhD    Dundee    Quality assurance in undergraduate medical education: a multiple case study in Bangladesh, Thailand and Indonesia    Titi Savitri PRIHATININGSIH
2003    PhD    Reading    International joint ventures in developing economies: an analysis of Indo-British ventures in India    Raji RAJAN    Prof M Utton; Dr U Kambhampati
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Law and social change in India    Gopalan RAMAN
2003    PhD    London, LSHTM    The consequences of health insurance for the informal sector: two non-governmental, non-profit schemes in Gujerat    Michael Kent RANSON
2003    PhD    Durham    A study of land transformation in Savar Upazila, Bangladesh, 1915-2001: an integrated approach using remore sensing    Md Shahedur RASHID    Dr P J Atkins
2003    PhD    Cambridge, Sidney Sussex    Auditing “development”: an anthropological study of “audit culture” within a “participatory rural development” project in eastern India    M J REW
2003    MPhil    Newcastle    Development and land relations in tribal India: a study of Chotanagpur    Richard ROBERTS    P W Kellett
2003    PhD    Edinburgh    William Roxburgh (1751-1815)the founding father of Indian botany    Timothy Francis ROBINSON
2003    DPhil    Sussex    Representing rebellion: visual aspects of counter-insurgency in colonial India    Daniel J RYCROFT
2003    PhD    Wawick    Malaysian pre-school children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in inclusive settings    S SAAD
2003    PhD    Bristol    Voices from an island: a reading of four Sri Lankan novelists in English    D SAIKIA
2003    PhD    Bradford    A social constructionist account of children’s rights under the conditions of globalisation: the issue of child labour in India    G SANGHERA
2003    PhD    Warwick    The knowledge and perspectives about Educational Management Information System (EIS/SMPP) of decision makers in the Malaysian Ministry of Education (MMOE): an enquiry into the implementation of an EMIS    M W SARWANI
2003    PhD    Manchester    Institutions and poverty reduction: a case study of rural Bangladesh    Md Golam SARWAR    Dr J Mullen
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Woman and communal violence in India    Atreyee SEN    Dr D Mosse
2003    PhD    Manchester    Information technology and the construction industry in Pakistan    Ali SHAR    Prof S Guy
2003    PhD    Cambridge, St Cath’s    The making of modern Assam, 1826-1935    Jayeeta SHARMA    Prof C A Bayley
2003    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    Arsenic mobility in sediments and contamination of he Bengal Basin    Darren SHAW
2003    PhD    Bradford    Microfinance and social change: a case study of household finance, development and change in gender relations in rural Bangladesh    M N I SHEKH
2003    DPhil    Sussex    Resisting stigma and interventions: situating trafficked Nepali women’s struggles for self-respect, safety and security in Mumbai and Nepal    M M SHIVADAS
2003    PhD    Leicester    Violence as non communication: the news differential of Kashmir and north east conflicts in the Indian national press    Prasun SONWALKAR    Prof A Sreberny
2003    PhD    Aberdeen    Factors affecting tree growing in traditional agriforestry systems in Werstern Himalaya, India    K K SOOD
2003    PhD    Brunel    Moral continuity: Gujerati kinship, women, children and rituals    Alison SPIRO, Mary
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Social exclusion and cohesion: the case of leprosy in South India    James STAPLES    Dr D Mosse
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Bringing the Empire back in: patterns of growth in the British imperial state, 1890-1960 (with special reference to Indian and Africa)    Gita SUBRAHMANYAM
2003    PhD    Birmingham    Imagining Hinduism: a post colonial perspective    S SUGIRTHARAJAH
2003    PhD    Manchester    A feminist analysis of “white-ness” in an Indian research context    Maria SUMMERSON    Prof L Stanley
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Prostitution and the law in Pakistan: a case study of Lahore’s Hira Mandi    R TAK
2003    PhD    Open    South Asian women and the construction of political identity    S TAKHAR
2003    PhD    Warwick    Foreign music: linguistic estrangement and its textual effects in Joyce, Beckett, Nabokov and Rushdie    J TAYLOR
2003    DPhil    Oxford, Wadham    Monetary remedy for breach of constitutional rights in the United States, India, New Zealand and the United Kingdom    Lisa Anne TORTELL    Prof P P Craig
2003    PhD    London, SOAS    Literature and the politics of identity in Orissa    Lopamudra TRIPATHY    Dr S Kaviraj
2003    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    Growth empirics within a low income country: evidence from states in India,1960-1992    Kamakshya D TRIVEDI    Dr G M F Cameron
2003    PhD    London, LSE    Rebels and devotees of Jharkhand: social, religious and political transformation among the Adivasis of northern India    Barbara VERARDO
2003    PhD    Cambridge, St John’s    Institutional change and natural resource management: the case of forest policy reform in India    Bhaskar VIRA    Prof P H Nolan
2003    PhD    East Anglia    Embodied working lives: manual labouring in Maharashtra, India    Louise WAITE    Dr C Jackson; Dr R Palmer-Jones
2003    PhD    Warwick    Pakistan’s teaching hospitals: present measures quality and proposed quality improvement programmes    G WAJID
2003    DPhil    Oxford, St Cross    Bangladeshi pupils: experiences, identity and achievement    Sue WALTERS    Dr C W R Davies; Prof S Tomlinson
2003    PhD    East Anglia    The growth of the Indian software industry: a social history    Meera WARRIER    Dr K Sen
2003    PhD    Edinburgh    Stereotyped Scots: representations and realities of Scottish missionary and military experience in colonial and post-independence Pakistan    Jeremy WESTON
2003    PhD    Wales    Pandita Ramabai (1858-1922): a re-evaluation of her life and work    Keith J WHITE
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Lucy     The world is established through the work of existence: the performance of Gham-Khadi among Pukhtun Bibiane in northern Pakistan:    Amineh A AHMED    Dr S B Bayly
2004    PhD    Hull    Political regime change and local government in Bangladesh    Tariq AHMED    L Summers
2004    MPhil    Bradford    Community level conflict transformation for sustainable peace: a Barefoot University for peace education in Sri Lanka    Monica ALFRED
2004    MPhil    De Montfort    Arsenic speciation in foodstuffs from Bangladesh and a method for arsenic removal from water    Shaban W AL-RMAILLY
2004    PhD    Wales, Cardiff    The portfolio behaviour of the GCC islamic and conventional banks    Abdulaziz Mohammad N AL-SAEED
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Linacre    Just a pile of stones ! The politicization of identity , indigenous knowledge and sacred landscapes among the Lepcha and the Bhutia tribes in contemporary Sikkim, India    Vibha ARORA    Prof D Parkin; Prof M J Banks
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Campion Hall    From outcaste to caste: the use of symbols and myths in the construction of identity: a study of conflict between the Paraiyars and the Vanniyars in Tamil Nadu, South India    Chockalingam Joe ARUN    Dr M J Banks
2004    PhD    Durham    Economic and structural reforms and bank efficiency: a comparative analysis of India and Pakistan, 1990-1998    A ATAULLAH
2004    PhD    Bradford    Quality assurance in the basic nurse education programme in Pakistan: a case study aimed at improving the quality assurance practices in the basic nurse education in Pakistan    A AZIZ
2004    PhD    Greenwich    A sustainable competitiveness model for strategic alliances: a study of rural entrepreneurs and commercial organisations in Malaysia with special emphasis on Malaysian farmer’s organisations    S A BAHARUM
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Nuffield    The legisimating vocabulary of group rights in contemporary India    Rochana BAJPAI    Prof M S Freedom; Dr N Gooptu
2004    PhD    Reading    Farmers’ risk and uncertainty perceptions and their influence on farm level decision-making in the cotton-wheat zone of Pakistan’s Punjab    K A BAJWA    Dr T Rehman
2004    PhD    London, InstEd    An evaluation of the impact of school-based resource management and formula funding of schools and on the efficiency and equity of resource allocation in Sri Lanka    Balasooriya Mudiyanselage Jayantha BALASOORIYA    Prof A Little; Prof R Levacic
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Downing    Skill upgrading within informal training: lessons from the Indian auto mechanic    J C BARBER    Dr L Caley
2004    DBA    Strathclyde    The competitive advantage of Pakistan: empirical analysis of the textile/apparel industry    K M BARI
2004    PhD    London, Goldsmiths    In service in India: the ethics of rule and conduct of British administrators and army officers in late nineteenth and early twentieth century India    Jatinder BARN    N Rose
2004    MPhil    SOAS    The dispensary movement in Bombay Presidency: ideology and practice, 1800-1876    Jennifer BLAKE    Prof D Arnold
2004    PhD    Middlesex    The “divine heirarchy”: the social and institutional elements of vulnerability in South India    B BOSHER
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Challenging development: western discourses and Rajasthan women    Tamsin Jane BRADLEY
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Queens    Tectono-metamorphic evolution of the central and western Himalayas    M CADDICK    Dr T J B Holland
2004    PhD    Coventry    Empire and authority: Curzon, collisions, character and the Raj, 1899-1906    M CARRINGTON
2004    DPhil    Sussex    Bringing citizens back in: public sector reform, service delivery performance and and accountability in an Indian state    Jonathan CASELEY    Dr A Joshi
2004    PhD    Sheffield    Site-formation studies and paleolithic investigations in the Siwalik Hill of northern India: reconsidering the Soanian history    P R CHAUHAN
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Buddhist nuns in Sri Lanka and Taiwan    W-Y CHENG
2004    PhD    Warwick    Uncovering injustice: towards a Dalit feminist politics in Bangladesh    Shraddha CHIGATERI    C Wright
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    The Da’sanami-Samnyasis: the integration of ascetic lineages into an order    Matthew James CLARK
2004    PhD    Manchester    We are the kings: the children of Dhaka’s streets    Alessandro CONTICINI    D Hulme
2004    PhD    Anglia    Adaptation and change in a traditional society: sustainable development in the context of a Ladakhi village    Robert COOK
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Darwin    The Irish expatriate community in British India, c1750-1900    Barry James Conleth CROSBIE    Prof C A Bayley
2004    DPhil    Oxford, Balliol    Much ado about religion: a critical and annotated translation of the Agamadambara, a satirical play by the 9th century Kashmirian philosopher Bhatta Jayanta    Csaba DEZSO    Prof J A Sanderson
2004    PhD    Manchester    Marginal Indian Punjabi Sikh men; a psychotherapeutic perspective    Kamaldeep Singh DHILLON    Dr C Bates
2004    PhD    Nottingham    Inherited factors in pre-eclampsia: molecular genetic and epidemiological studies in a Sri Lankan population    V H W DISSANAYAKE
2004    PhD    Bristol    Gender and human rights: a discursive study of “violence against women” in Mexico and Pakistan    Silvie DRESSELHAUS    Dr J Weldes; Dr V Hewitt
2004    PhD    Portsmouth    The growth and applicationof Shari’ah in India: a legislative and judicial interpretation since 1947    E EHSANULLAH
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Portugal and Portuguese India, 1870-1961    Bernard Dale ETHELL    Prof P G Robb
2004    PhD    Bradford    Ceramic specialisation and standardisation in early historic South Asia: an interdisciplinary investigation of rouletted ware, grey ware and Arikamedu Type 10    L A FORD
2004    PhD    Hull    Identity, war and the state in India: the case of the Nagas    Mr T FRANKS
2004    PhD    London, King’s    Improving the quality management systems for pharmaceutical services in developing countries: a case study in Sri Lanka    Piyadasa Galalla GAMAGE
2004    PhD    Oxford, Blackfriars    The Vedantic cosmology of Ramanuja and its western parallels    Robindra GANERI    Prof J S K Ward
2004    PhD    Nottingham    Slavery in ancient Greek poleis and ancient Sri Lanka: a comparison    W M W GEDARA
2004    PhD    Cambridge, Queens’    Of poverty and markets: the political economy of informal waste recovery and plastic recycling in Delhi    K GILL    Dr B Vira
2004    PhD    St Hugh’s    Caitanya Vaisnava Vedanta: acintyabhedabheda of Jiva Gosvani’s Catusutri Tika    Ravi Mohar GUPTA    Dr S Gupta-Gombrich; Prof J S K Ward
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Samaj and unity: the in Bengali literati’s discourse on nationhood, 1867-1905    Swarupa GUPTA    Prof P G Robb
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    The politics of language and nation-building: the Nehruvian legacy and representations of cultural diversity in Sahgal, Rushdie and Seth    A M GUTTMAN
2004    PhD    East Anglia    Understanding gender and intra-household relations: a case study of Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives    Hala HAMEED    Prof C Jackson
2004    DPhil    Oxford, St Antony’s    The dynamics of low-caste conversion movements: rural Punjab c 1880-1935    Christopher Gerard Michael HARDING    Prof J M Brown
2004    PhD    London, SOAS    Religious mobilisation and the construction of political space in the Indian North West Frontier tribal areas in the early twentieth century    Sana HAROON
2004    MPhil    Leicester    Lord Lake of Laswaree and Delhi, 1744-1808    Roger HARRIS    Dr H V Bowen
2004    PhD    Durham    Detection, monitoring and management of small water bodies: a case study of Shahjadpur Thana, Bangladesh    Khondaker Mohammod Shariful HUDA    Dr P J Atkins; Dr D Donaghue
2004    PhD    Warwick    Problem of national identity of the middle class in Bangladesh and state-satellite television    Zeenat HUDA    Dr P Mukta
2004    PhD    Essex    Initial public offerings in Pakistan    T IMTIAZ
2004    PhD    South Bank    Parental involvement, attitudes and responsibilities in educaton: a case study of parents in Britain and Pakistan    N INAYAT
2004    PhD    Cranfield    Technology catch-up actions for manufacturing companies in Pakistan    N IQBAL

2004   PhD   London, SOAS   Protestant translations of the Bible (1714-1995) and defining a Protestant Tamil identity   Hephziba ISRAEL
2004   PhD   London, LSE   People and tigers: an anthropological study of the Sundarbans of West Belgal, India   A JALAIS
2004   PhD   Cambridge, Queens’   The agency of normal food: performing normality in contemporary urban Bengal   Manpreet Kaur JANEJA   Prof C Humphrey
2004   DPhil   Oxford, Nuffield   Bridging the digital divide: regulating universal access in India   Akash K KAPUR   Ms B Morgan
2004   PhD   Reading   Constraints and opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and forest management in the mountains of North West Frontier Province, Pakistan   Jahangir KHAN   Dr H M Jones
2004   PhD   Cambridge, Selwyn   Ecology and conservation of the Bengal tiger in the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangadesh   M M H KHAN   Dr D J Chivers
2004   PhD   De Montfort   Temple architecture of Bengal 9th to 16th centuries   A KHARE
2004   PhD   Keele   Reconstructing rights: an analysis of the role of rights in reconstructing gender relations in the earthquake affected area, Maharashtra, India   Jane KRISHNADAS
2004   PhD   London, SOAS   Resolution and rupture: the paradox of violence in witch accusations in Chhatisgarh, India   Helen M MACDONALD   Dr D Mosse
2004   PhD   London, SOAS   Resolution and rupture: the paradox of violence in witch accusations in Chhattisgarh, India   Helen M MacDONALD
2004   PhD   Edinburgh   Pious flames: changing Western interpretations of widow burning in India to 1860   Andrea MAJOR   Dr C Bates; Dr I Duffield
2004   PhD   Oxford, St John’s   Cricket in colonial India, 1850-1947   Boria MAJUMDAR   Dr D A Washbrook
2004   PhD   Nottingham   Land tax administration and compliance attitudes in Malaysia   N A A MANAF
2004   PhD   London, King’s   Countering hegemony: the geopolitics of agrobiotechnology and the regulatory role of the Indian state   Martin MANSKI   M Mulligan
2004   PhD   Birmingham   The interdependency and the relationship between the government and private sector and their changing role in the development of micro island tourism in the Maldives   Abdulla MAUSOOM
2004   PhD   Durham   Travelling knowledges: urban poverty and slum/shack dwellers international   Colin McFARLANE   Dr G Macleod
2004   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   The establishment and growth of selected pioneer tree species from disturbed tropical rainforest sites in Malaysia   H MD NOOR
2004   PhD   London, King’s   Reterritorialising transnational corporate hegemony: the geopolitics of agribiotechnology and the regulatory role of the state in India   Martin MENSKI
2004   PhD   London, SOAS   Zorastrian music   Raiomond MIRZA   Prof O Wright; Dr R Widdess
2004   PhD   London, SOAS   Space, borders and histories: identity in colonial Goalpura (India)   Sanghamitra MISRA   Prof P G Robb
2004   PhD   Cambridge, St John’s   Crystal structure of north east India and southern Tibet and a comparison with thelithosphere of the stable Indian shield   S MITRA   Dr K F Priestley
2004   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   The British in India and their domiciled brethern: race and class in the colonial context, 1858-1930   Satoshi MIZUTANI   Dr D A Washbrook
2004   MPhil   Leeds   Enabling and disabling factors of community cohesion among Pakistani Muslims in Bradford   Dominic J MOGHAL   Dr K Knott
2004   PhD   London , UC   Reworking modernity: the impact of resettlement in the Narmada valley, India   Kuheli MOOKERJEE   Dr C Dwyer; Dr A Varley
2004   PhD   London, InstArch   An examination of the spatial and temporal variation of lithic technology throughout the early Bronze Age of Pakistan   Justin Collard MORRIS   K Thomas
2004   PhD   London, UC   Lithic technology and cultural change during the late prehistoric period of northwest South Asia   J C MORRIS
2004   PhD   Cambridge, Lucy    Markets, transport and the state of Bengal economy, c.1750-1800   T MUKHERJEE   Prof C A Bayley
2004   PhD   London, SOAS   The perception of the “medieval” in Indian popular films, 1920s -1960s   Urvi MUKHOPADHYAY   Dr D Ali; Dr R Dwyer
2004   PhD   Cambridge   Impact of food supplementation on pregnancy weight gain and birth weight in rural Bangladesh   Shamsun NAHAR
2004   PhD   Cambridge. Sidney   Caught in the digital divide: transforming meanings of space, gender and identity for high tech professionals in Bangalore city, India   Roopa NAIR   Prof S E Corbridge
2004   PhD   Reading   The motivation of masons in the Sri Lankan construction industry   Leyon NANAYAKKARA
2004   PhD   Wales, Aberystwyth   Second World War Japanese atrocities and British minor war crimes trials: the issue of fair trial in the four selected British minor war crimes trials in Malaya and Singapore   A NARAYAN
2004   PhD   London, SOAS   The Gandavyuha-sutra: a study of wealth, gender and power in an Indian Buddhist narrative   Douglas Edward OSTO
2004   PhD   London, SOAS   Archaic knowledge, tradition and authenticity in colonial north India   Rakesh PANDEY   Dr D Ali
2004   PhD   West of England   Performance measurement and evaluation of supply chain: the Indian automobile industry   B PATEL
2004   PhD   Aberdeen   Emergency obstetric care: needs of poor women in Bangladesh   E PITCHFORTH
2004   PhD   London, LSE   Multinationals, local firms and economic reforms in Indian industry   Tushar PODDAR
2004   PhD   Birmingham   Mineral chemistry and metal extraction of Sri Lanka beach sands   W A P PREMARATNE
2004   PhD   London, LSE   A micro-econometric analysis of alcohol prohibition in India   L RAHMAN
2004   PhD   London, Wye   Measurement of productivity and efficiency of rice farmers in Bangladesh: an empirical study   Mohamed Mizanur RAHMAN
2004   PhD   Cambridge, Wolfson   Seismic characteristics of the southern Indian and the adjacent pan-African high grade terranes of Gondwanaland   Abhishek Kumar RAI   Dr K F Priestley
2004   PhD   Leeds   Nation, celebration and selected works of Michel Ondaatje and Carol Shields   Gillian Marie ROBERTS
2004   PhD   Cambridge, Gonville   HLA-DBQ1 – reproduction and health in consanguinous and non consanguinous families in Bangladesh   S ROY CHOUDHURY   Dr L A Knapp
2004   PhD   Leeds   The Sixteenth Landers, 1822-1846: the experience of regimental soldiering in India   J H RUMSBY
2004   PhD   Newcastle   Trade reforms: total factor productivity and profitability of manufacturing sectors in Pakistan   Naveeda SALAM
2004   PhD   Open   Psychedelic whiteness: rave tourism and the materiality of race in Goa   Joseph Johannes Arun SALDANHA   Dr J D Robinson; Prof D B Massey
2004   PhD   Manchester   The effect of globalisation on the grassroots women in Bangladesh   Nasreen SATTAR   Ms S Rowbotham
2004   PhD   London, LSE   Understanding the state: an anthropological study of rural Jharkhand, India   A SHAH
2004   PhD   London, SOAS   The Balochi verb: an etymological study   Azim SHAHBAKHSH
2004   DPhil   Oxford, Wolfson   State and society in: Gujerat, c.1200-1500: the making of a region   Samira SHEIKH   Dr D A Washbrook
2004   PhD   Edinburgh   Living with HIV/AIDS: turning points, transitions and transformations in the lives of women in Bombay and Edinburgh   Dina Pervez SIDHVA
2004   PhD   Cambridge   Exploring inclusive education in an Indian context   N SINGAL
2004   PhD   Birmingham   The question of method in Dalit theology: in search of a systematic approach of an Indian liberation theology   Charles SINGARAM
2004   MPhil   Wales, Swansea   Policy and practice of forest management through local institutions in Himachal Pradesh, India   M P SOOD
2004   PhD   South Bank   Health beliefs and health practices of South Asian and British white adults with and without myocardial infarction   Dooroowadave SOOKHOO
2004   DPhil   Oxford, Linacre   Secularism in Salman Rushdie’s “Midnight’s children” and Vikram Seth’s “A suitable boy”: history, nation, language   Neelam F R SRIVASTAVA   Dr J A Mee
2004   PhD   Cardiff   Crossing boundaries: an ethnography of occupational socialization of post-diploma baccalaureate nursing students in Pakistan   Grace D STANLEY
2004   PhD   Cardiff   Crossing boundaries: an ethnography of occupational socialization of post-diploma baccalaureate student nurses in Pakistan   Grace Dianne STANLEY   M Neary; G A Donald
2004   PhD   Cambridge, Downing   From “Palestine” [poem] to India: Bishop Heber’s poetic pilgrimage   I TAKAHASHI   Dr N J Leask
2004   PhD   London, SOAS   Towards a definitive grammar of Bengali: a study and critique of research on selected grammatical structures   Hanne-Ruth THOMPSON   Dr W Radice
2004   PhD   Birmingham   Support and supervision of secondary school teachers in Bangladesh   H THORNTON
2004   DPhil   Oxford, Worcester   Tectonic, metamorphic and magmatic evolution of the central Karakoram crust, northern Pakistan   aNDREW THOW   Dr D J Waters; Prof R R Parrish; Dr M P Searle
2004   DPhil   Oxford, St Cross   The grammar and poetics of Murti-Seva: Caitanya Vaisnava image worship as discourse, ritual and narrative   Kenneth R VALPEY   Dr S Gupta-Gombrich; Prof J S K Ward
2004   PhD   Birmingham   Differences in school performance between Tamil Brahmin and Malabar Muslim children in Kerala, India: a socio-cutural approach   V P VAZHALANICKAL
2004   PhD   Open   Science, technology and agency in the development of drought prone areas: a cognitive history of drought and scarcity   Linden Faith VINCENT   Prof D V Wield
2004   PhD   Coventry   Partition and locality: case studies of the impact of partition and its aftermath in the Punjab region, 1947-1961   Pritpal VIRDEE   Prof I A Talbot
2004   PhD   Cambridge, St Edmund’s   Eating and identity in the novels of V S Naipaul, Anita Desai, Timothy Mo and Salman Rushdie   Paul Matthew John VLITOS   Dr A D B Poole
2004   PhD   Cambridge, Churchill   Thuggee and the “construction” of crime in early nineteenth century India   Kim Ati WAGNER   Prof C A Bayley
2004   PhD   Cambridge, Emmanuel   Between bureaucrats and beneficiaries: the implementation of eco-development:in Pench tiger reserves, India   Jo L WOODMAN   Dr B Vira
2004   PhD   Glasgow   The analysis of human mitochondrial DNA in peninsular Malaysia   Z ZAINUDDIN
2004   PhD   London, King’s   Remote sensing and GIS based assessment of El-Nino related fire activity on Borneo, 1982-1998   Athanossios ZOUMAS
2005   PhD   Loughborough   Alternative arrangements for water supply in urban areas: case studies in Karachi, Pakistan   Noman AHMED
2005   PhD   London, UC   Through “spirits”: cosmology and landscape ecology among the Nyishi tribe of upland Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India   Alexander AISHER   Dr C Pinney; Dr M Banerjee
2005   PhD   Keele   The cultural politics of production: ethnicity, gender and the labour process in Sri Lanka tea plantations   Chandana G ALAWATTAGE
2005   PhD   London, King’s   Studies on slected Malaysian plants as antidiabetic agent   H M ALI
2005   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Equality of educational opportunity and public policy in Bangladesh   Mohammad Niaz ASADULLAH   Dr R Kingdon; Dr S Dercon
2005   PhD   London, LSE   Structural changes in East Asia: factor accumulation, technological progress and economic geography   Shuvojit BANERJEE
2005   PhD   Manchester   The politics of market space in Calcutta, India: past and present   Martin BEATTIE   Prof S Guy
2005   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   Missionary education knowledge and and north Indian society, c 1880- 1915   Hayden John-Andrew BELLENOIT   Dr D A Washbrook
2005   PhD   London, King’s   The changing goddess: the religious lives of Hindu women in West Bengal   Cynthia BRADLEY   Prof F Hardy
2005   PhD   London, UC   Mental illness, medical pluralism and Islamism in Sylhet, Bangladesh   Alyson Fleur CALLAN   Prof R Littlewood
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   Muzaffar Ahmad, Calcutta and socialist politics, 1913-1929   Suchetana CHATTOPADYHYAY   Prof P G Robb
2005   PhD   East Anglia   Surface tension: water and agrarian change in a rainfed village, West Bengal, India   Daniel COPPARD   Dr B Lankford
2005   PhD   Edinburgh   Sri Pada: diversity and exclusion in a sacred site in Sri Lanka   Delkandura Arachchige Premakumara DE SILVA
2005   PhD   London, LSHTM   Social capital and maternal mental health: a cross cultural comparison of four developing countries [Peru, India, Ethiopia, Vietnam]   Mary Joan DE SILVA   Ms S Huttly; Prof T Harpham
2005   PhD   Cambridge. Trinity Hall   Second language acquisition of articles and plural markings by Bengali learners of Engish   Hildegunn DIRDAL   Dr T Parodi
2005   MPhil   London, UC   The servant/employer relationship in19th century England and India   Fae Ceridwen DUSSART   Prof C M Hall
2005   PhD   London, Royal Holloway   Analysing the impact of labour and education laws on child labour in Pakistan during the 1990s   T FASIH
2005   PhD   London, Inst Ed   Ways forward to achieve school effectiveness and school improvement: a case study of school leadership and teacher professional development in Sri Lanka   B N A B FERNANDO
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   Surrendering to the earth: a feminine interpretation of Dharma worship in Bengal with special reference to ‘Sunya Purana   Fabrizio FERRARI
2005   PhD   Edinburgh   Twentieth century South Asian Christian theological engagement with religious pluralism: its challenges for pentecostalism in India   Geomon Kizhakkemalayil GEORGE
2005   MPhil   Birmingham   Sikhism and violence   P GILL
2005   PhD   Cambridge, Gonville    Inverted metamorphism in the Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalay: structural, metamorphic and numerical studies   S GOSWAMI   Prof M J Bickle
2005   MPhil   West of England   A study of “enabling conditions” in primary schools in Negombo Education Zone in Sri Lanka with special reference to effective leadership and physical and material resources   Egodawatte Arachchige Don GUNAWARDENA
2005   DPhil   Oxford, St Cross   Discourses of religion and development: agency, empowerment and choices or Muslim women in Gujerat, India   Laila N HALANI   Dr M J Banks
2005   PhD   Reading   Farmers’ decision-making in rice pest management: implications for farmer field school approaches in Bangladesh   Mohammad Abdul HAMID   Dr D D Shepherd
2005   PhD   Manchester   A fire of tongues: narrative patterning in the Sanskrit Mahabharata   James Marcel HEGARTY
2005   PhD   London, Queen Mary   Intellectual property law and e-commerce in Sri Lanka: towards a jurisprudence based on consitution, Roman-Dutch law and Buddhist principles   T S K HEMARATNE
2005   PhD   Edinburgh   Rights based development: formal and process approaches in Pakistan   Shiona Mary HOOD
2005   PhD   Cambridge, Fitzwilliam   Ecology, economy and society in the eastern Bengal delta, c.1840-1943   Khondker Iftekhar IQBAL   Prof C A Bayley
2005   PhD   Plymouth   International freight transport multimodal development in developing countries: the case of Bangladesh   Dewan Mohammad Zahurul ISLAM   Dr R Gray
2005   DPhil   Sussex   Women, employment and the family: poor informal sector women workers in Dhaka city   Farzana ISLAM   Dr H Standing
2005   PhD   London, LSE   Assessing the impact of Gujerat’s resettlement and rehabilitation policy on the livelihoods of women and their empowerment post-displacement   Anupma JAIN
2005   PhD   Open   Volcanic architecture of the Deccan Traps, western Maharashtra, India: an integrated chemostratigraphic and paleomagnetic study   Anne E JAY
2005   PhD   Cambridge, Darwin   Cross cultural perspectives in contemporary Sri Lankan writing in English   Sharanya JAYAWICKRAMA   Dr P Gopal
2005   DPhil   Oxford, St Antony’s   India divided: state and society in the aftermath of partitition: the case of Uttar Pradesh, 1946-1952   Yasmin KHAN   Prof J M Brown; Prof I A Talbot
2005   PhD   London, LSE   Soldiers’ experience of war, Burma 1942-1945   Tatjana Genoveva Ursula KRALJIC   Prof M Knox
2005   MPhil   West of England   An investigation of primary teachers’ professional attitudes in Sri Lanka with special reference to Negombo Educational Zone   Nihil Tissa Kumara LOKULIYANA
2005   DPhil   Oxford   Implications of displacement and resettlement for the Gonds of central India   Preeti MANN   Dr D Chatty; Dr M J Banks
2005   PhD   Queen’s, Belfast   Women’s human rights in Islam and international human rights regime: the case of Pakistan   N MIAN
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   Merchants, markets and the monopoly of the East India Company: the salt trade in Bengal under colonial control c. 1790-1836   Sayako MIKI   Prof P G Robb
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   The transmission and performance for khyai composition in the Gwalior gharana of India vocal music   A D MORRIS
2005   PhD   Essex   A case of interest maximisation? Military-civil bureaucratic behaviour and political outcomes in Bangladesh (1975-1990)   Khairuzzaman MOZUMDER
2005   EdD   Birmingham   Exploring the potential for educational change through participatory and democratic approaches in Pakistan   N MUHAMMAD
2005   PhD   Nottingham   United Nations charter and treaty-based international human rights monitoring in relation to the prohibition of torture and other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment: a study of two states, the United Kingdom and the Republic of India   A MUKHERJEE
2005   DPhil   Sussex   Knowledge, identity, place and (cyber)space: growing up male and middle class in Bangalore   N C NISBETT
2005   PhD   Edinburgh   Case study of a health-oriented NGO in Pakistan   Madeline PATTERSON
2005   PhD   Edinburgh   From medical relief to community health care: a case study of non-governmental organisation (Frontier Primary Health Care) in North Western Province, Pakistan   Margaret Madeline PATTERSON
2005   dpHIL   Oxford, Balliol   Through district eyes: local raj and the myth of the Punjab tradition in British India, 1858-1907   Dara Milnes PRICE   Dr D A Washbrook
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   The sant traditioin and community formation in the works of Guru Nanak and Dadu Dayal   Susan Elizabeth PRILL   Dr C Shackle
2005   PhD   King’s, London   Gender disadvantage as a risk factor for common mental disorder in women residing in Rawalpindi/Islamabad   F QADIR
2005   EdD   Durham   Nurse education, foreign aid and development: a case study from Bangladesh   Patricia ROBSON
2005   DPhil   Sussex   Tamil youth: the performance of hierarchical masculinities: an anthropological study of youth groups in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India   M C ROGERS
2005   PhD   London, Insti Comm   Socio-economic rights as constitutional human rights: Canada, South Africa and India compared   Desa ROSEN   Dr M Craven (SOAS); Dr P Gready
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   Early photography in India, 1850s-1870s   Stephanie S ROY
2005   PhD   Cambridge, Trinity   Sentimental imperialism: British literature and India, 1770-1830   Andrew John RUDD   Dr N J Leask
2005   PhD   Edinburgh   Conversion and communication: Christian communication and indigenous agency in conversion among the Kui people of Orissa, India, 1835-1970   Jagat Ranjan SANTRA
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   The formation of Islamic community identity in medieval north India   Nilanjan SARKAR   Dr D Ali
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   The political identity of the Delhi Sultanate, 1200-1400: a study of Zia ud-din Barani’s Fatawa-i-Jahandari   Nilanjan SARKAR   Dr D Ali
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   Globalization and identity: Sikh nationalism, diaspora and international relations   Giorgiandrea SHANI
2005   PhD   Sheffield   Structure and composition of India’s exports with speial reference to India’s post- liberalisation period   Abhijit SHARMA
2005   PhD   De Montfort   Colonial intervention and urban transformation: a case studyof Shahjahanabad, Old Delhi   J P SHARMA
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   A study of the Amaravati stupa: the chronology and social contexts of an early historic Buddhist site in the Lower Krishna Valley   Akira SHIMADA   Dr D Ali
2005   DPhil   Oxford, Green   The business of schooling:the school choice processes, markets and institutions governing low-fee provate schooling for disadvantaged groups in India   Prachi SRIVASTAVA   Dr M Birbili; Prof G Walford
2005   DPhil   Oxford   The experience of four famines in NWP & O (1837-1838, 1860- 1861; 1868-1869; 1896-1897): the gainers and the losers   Seema SRIVASTAVA
2005   MPhil   Nottingham   The effects of Asean on trade flows and assessing trade flows of the candidate country (case study: India)   Puttachat SUWANKIRI
2005   PhD   Edinburgh   Prime time and prayer time: television, religion and the practices of everyday life of Marthoma Christians in Kerala, India   Sham Padinjattethil THOMAS
2005   PhD   Strathclyde   Car dependency and traffic congestion: a case of a Malaysian city in Borneo   L TSESED KONG
2005   MPhil   Dundee   Motivation and incentives in government organisations: a study of the Income Tax Department in India   Mohanish VERMA
2005   PhD   Cambridge, Jesus   Seeking cultural safety: NGO responses to HIV/AIDS among South Asians in Delhi and London   Hannah Jill WESTON   Dr G Kearns
2005   MPhil   London, King’s   Sri Lankan perceptions of health and illness: quantitative and qualitative approaches   Yapa Mudiyanselage Charitha Gothami WIJERATNE
2005   PhD   Sunderland   Women’s ordination in Theravada Buddhism:ancient evidence and modern debates   L WILLIAMS
2005   PhD   London, SOAS   Literate networks and the production of Sgaw and Pwo Karen writing in Burma, c.1830-1930   William Burgess WOMACK   Dr M Charney Professor Ian Brown
2005   PhD   Nottingham   Predictors of language learning success in Bangladeshi secondary education institutions   Feroza YASMIN   Prof Z Dornyel
2006   PhD   London, LSHTM   Quality of care for reproductive tract morbidities by rural private practitioners in north India   Meenakshi GAUTHAM
2006   DPhil   Sussex   Poor women’s experiences of marriage and love in the city of New Delhi: every day stories of Sukh and Dukh   Shalini GROVER
2006   PhD   Newcastle   Valuation techniques of protected areas: a case study of Gir, Gujarat, India   Mohan Lal SHARMA
2006   PhD   London, Imperial   Contaminated irrigaton water and food safety in India   Kerry Vivienne SWANTON

Table 2: List of theses with incomplete data, listed alphabetically by the University and College followed by the AUTHOR (in capital letters) followed by the Supervisor(s) where available and the thesis Title. The Year and/or Degree were not available in the public database. If you are an author or supervisor or other academic representative, please write in with these details if possible.

Aberdeen   Sultan Ali ADIL       An economic analysis of energy use in irrigated agriculture of Punjab       PhD
Birmingham 0.365217391   S A KARUNANAYAKE       An evaluation of the present system of local government in Ceylon in the light of national needs for unity and economic and social development and proposals for appropriate changes       PhD
Birmingham 0.369264706   M G KANBUR       Spatial equilibrium analysis of trhe rice economy of South India   2000
BradfordCambridge, Trinity   Z KHAN       The development of overt nuclear weapon states in South Asia       PhD
Cambridge   Katherine Helen PRIOR       The British administration of Hinduism in India, 1780-1900       PhD
Cambridge   G CHAKRAVARTY       Imagining resistance: British historiography and popular fiction on the Indian Rebellion of 1857-1859       PhD
Cambridge 0.327375   Ajit Kumar GHOSE       Production organisation, markets and resource use in Indian agriculture       PhD
Cambridge 0.361285714   M J EGAN       A structural analysis of a Sinhalese healing ritual       PhD
Cambridge, King’s 0.301   J A LAIDLAW       The religion of Svetambar Jain merchants in Jaipur       PhD
Cambridge, Pembroke   H T FRY   Prof E E Rich   Alexander Dalrymple, cosmographer and servant of the East India Company       PhD
Cambridge, Trinity   Magnus Murray MARSDEN   Dr S B Bayly   Islamization and globalization in Chitral, Northern Pakistan
Cambridge, Trinity Hall   C J JEFFREY   Dr S E Corbridge   Reproducing difference: the accumulation strategies of richer Jat farmers in Western Uttar Pradesh, India   2002
Cambridge, Wolfson   Gethin REES   DrD K Chakrabarti   Buddhism and trade: rock cut caves of the Western Ghats       PhD
Cranfield, Silsoe   Ariyaratne DISSANAYAKE   J Morris   Research and development and extension for agricultural mechanisation in Sri Lanka
De Montfort   S JAIN       The havelis of Rajasthan: form and identity       PhD
Durham 0.401311475   M F A KHAN       The arid zone of West Pakistan       PhD
East Anglia   John HARISS       Technological change in agricultural and agrarian social structure in Northen Tamil Nadu, India       PhD
Edinburgh   N THIN       High spirits and heteroglossia: forest festivals of the Nilgiri Irulas       PhD
Edinburgh   AKSHAY KHANNA       Sexuality as a political object in civil society: active formations in India   2003
Edinburgh   Rebecca WALKER       Concepts of peace in conflict situations in Sri Lanka       PhD
Glasgow   Sana KHOKHAR   Dr F Noorbakhsh; Dr A Paloni   An evaluation of the structural adjustment and economic reform programme: a case study of Pakistan       MPhil
Lancaster   J A BURR       Cultural stereotypes and the diagnosis of depression: women from South Asian communities and their experience of mental distress   1980
Leeds   E K TARIN       Health sector reforms: factors influencing the policy process for government initiatives in the Punjab (Pakistan) health sector, 1993-2000       PhD
Leeds 0.35375   A P A FERNANDO       Agricultural development of Ceylon since independence (1948-1968)- an investigation into some aspects of agricultural development in Ceylon and an evaluation of major agricultural policies adopted in the peasant sector       PhD
Leeds 0.35375   M S KHAN       Policies and planning for agricultural development with a high population density: a case study of East Pakistan       PhD
London   F R M HASAN       Ecology and rural class relations in Bangladesh: a study with special reference to three villages       PhD
London   B GHOSH   Dr Anstey   The Indian salt industry, trade and taxation       PhD
London   R L HATFIELD       Management reform in a centralised environment: primary education administration in Balochistan, Pakistan, 1992-1997       MSc
London   GAYAS-UD-DIN       Medical library and information system for India       PhD
London   Sarmistha PAL       Choice of casual and regular labour contracts in Indian agriculture: a theoretical and empirical analysis   2000
London, SOAS   Pillarisetti SUDHIR   Mr Chaudhuri   British attitudes to Indian nationalism, 1922-1935   2001 (Apropos the author’s correction in the Comments section, this entry has been moved to the main list.)
London, External 0.357464789   A A KHATRI       Marriage and family relationships in Gujerati fiction       PhD
London, Imperial   Sinniah JEYALINGAWATHANI       Thr utilisation of indigenous and imported Bos indicus breeds in the dry zone of Sri Lanka   2002
London, LSE   A KUNDU   Prof Allen; Mr Booker   Statistical measures of five year plans in India   2003
London, LSE   Flora Elizabeth CORNISH   Dr C Campbell   Constructing an actionable environment: colelctive action for HIV prevention among Kolkata sex workers       MPhil
London, LSE 0.423157895   B P DUTIA       Economic aspects of production and marketing of cotton in India       PhD
London, LSHTM   Margaret J LEPPARD       Obstetric care in a Bangladeshi hospital: an organisational ethnography       PhD
London, LSHTM   Steven RUSSELL       Can households afford to be ill ? the role of the health system, maternal resources and social networks in Sri Lanka       PhD
London, LSHTM   Syed Mohd Akramuz ZAMAN       Cohort study of the effect of measles on childhood morbidity in urban Bangladesh       PhD
London, LSHTM   Mrigesh Roopchandra BHATIA       Economic evaluation od malaria control in Surat, India: bednets versus residual insecticide apray       PhD
London, SOAS   A B M MAHMOOD   Mr Harrison   The land revenue history of the Rajshahi zamindari, 1765-1793       PhD
London, SOAS   Oliver David SPRINGATE-BAGINSKY   Dr S I Jewitt   Sustainable development through particpatory forest management: an analysis of the long term role of the cooperative forest societies of Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh, India       PhD
London, SOAS   Isabella NARDI   Dr G Tillotson   The Citrasutras: the Indian theory of painting   1929?   MA
London, SOAS   Angela ATKINS   Dr R Snell   The Indian novel in English and Hindi       PhD
London, SOAS   Angela C EYRE       Land, language and literary identity: a thematic comparison of Indian novels in Hindi and English       MA
London, SOAS   Rajit Kumar MAZUMDER   Prof P G Robb   The making of Punjab: colonial power, the Indian army and recruited peasants, 1849-1939       MA
London, SOAS   Lalita Nath PANIGRAHI   Prof a l Basham   The practice of female infanticide in India and its suppression in the North Western Provinces       PhD
London, SOAS 0.318795181   Terumichi KAWAI       Freedom of religion in comparative constitutional law with special reference to the UK, US, India and Japan       MPhil
London, SOAS 0.3432   W P KINNEY   Dr M Caldwell; P C Ayre   Aspects of economic development in Malaya       MA
London, SOAS 0.35375   K D GAUR       Economic crimes relating to income tax in India: a critical analysis of tax evasion and tax avoidance       PhD
London, SOAS 0.35375   A GHAFFAR       Protection of personal liberty under the Pakistan constitution       BLitt
London, SOAS 0.35375   K P MISHRA   Dr J B Harrison   The administration and economy of the Banaras region, 1738-1795       BLitt
London, SOAS 0.382153846   K M KARIM       The provinces of Bihar and Bengal under Shabjahan   2003
Manchester   A BERADLEY   Prof Muir   Settlement of the Madras Presidency, 1765-1827       MA
Manchester   W A G HARRINGTON       The theory and practice of non-formal education in developing countries with case studies from India       PhD
Manchester   Jane HAGGIS       Professional ladies and working wives: female missionaries in the London Missionary Society and its South Travancoe District, South India, 1850-1900        MPhil
Manchester 0.401311475   S T G FERNANDO       A historical and analytical account of export taxation in Ceylon, 1802-1958       PhD
Manchester 0.411864407   R L KUMAR       India’s post-war balance of payments sincce 1945-1955       DPhil
Manchester 0.417413793   T S EPSTEIN       A comparative study of economic change and differentiation in two South Indian villages       PhD
Manchester Metropolitan   S PAREKH       Relationships between children with cerebral palsy and their siblings: an ethnography in Kolkata, India
Newcastle   Alice MALPASS   Dr P Phillimore   Hibred kala: the hybrid age of choice, dissent and imagination: contract faming and genetically modified cotton in Karnataka, South India       MSC
Newcastle 0.373432836   K K KHOSLA       Conditions of labour and labour legislation of industrial workers in India since 1947   2001
North London   Jasmin ARA   Ms R Glanville   Primary health care facilities in Bangladesh: a method of planning and design taking account of limited resources, local technology, future growth and change   2000
Oxford   W M KHAN       An economic evaluation of the alternative uses of land under state forests in Baluchistan   1999
Oxford, Campion Hall   P EKKE   Dr D F Brook   An ethnogaphic survey of the Oraons and the Mundas of Chota-Nagpur   1991
Oxford, Nuffield   Alistair McMILLAN   Dr N Gooptu; Prof A F Heath   Scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and party competition in India   1991
Oxford, St Hilda’s   H Vinita TSENG   Prof R F Gombrich   The Nidanavagga of the Saratthappakasini: the first two vaggas   1993
Oxford, Wolfson   Somadeva VASUDEVA   Prof A G J S Sanderson   The yoga of the Malinivijayottaratantra   1994
Reading 0.38671875   M A KAMAL       Balances and unbalanced growth as exemplified by a decade of planning experience in India   1994
Salford   S CHOWDHURY   Mr E K Grime   Housing in Bangladesh   1998
Sheffield   RITA SAIKIA   Prof M F Lynch   The utility of object-oriented domain specification in the context of a large organisation in India   1998
Southampton 0.369264706   Mohammad A MONDAL       A suggested approach to the solution of the profit measurement and asset valuation with reference to the developing economies of India and Pakisttan   1999
Strathclyde 0.37358209   T G GEHANI       A critical review of the work of Scottish Presbyterian missions in India, 1878-1914   1999
Sussex   R G HESELTINE       The development and impact of jute cultivation in Bengal, 1870-1930   2000
Wales   Animesh HALDER       Potential diversification in India’s export pattern   2000
Wales, Swansea   S S MUKHERJEE       Urban process in Calcutta: some planning implications   2004
Wales, Swansea   Julia CLEEVES       Gender and reproductive health: issues in hormonal contraception in India   2004
Wales, University College of Swansea 0.346621622   E A KUMARASINGHE       Information for health planning in Sri Lanka   1965

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Bengal Legislative Council 1921

February 28, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

This is a 1921 photograph of the Bengal Legislative Council with the Governor of Bengal, the Earl of Ronaldshay (later Secretary of State for India and known as the Marquess of Zetland) at the centre. To his immediate right is Surendranath Roy, then President of the Council. Seated second to the left of the Governor is Surendranath Banerjee, the eminent leader of the Indian National Congress (and mentor of GK Gokhale and other “moderates” in the national movement); he and Surendranath Roy were friends and political colleagues.

1921legcouncil3

How to solve Kashmir (2009)

January 7, 2009 — drsubrotoroy

see

https://independentindian.com/2015/03/03/pakistans-indias-illusions-of-power-psychosis-vs-vanity/

https://independentindian.com/2011/10/13/my-seventy-one-notes-at-facebook-etc-on-kashmir-pakistan-and-of-course-india-listed-thanks-to-jd/

Also

from Jan 2009
It is excellent news Omar Abdullah has become the constitutionally elected Head of Government of the great Indian state of Jammu & Kashmir after a historic vote. I had the privilege of meeting his esteemed father briefly once on 23 March 1991 at the residence of the late Rajiv Gandhi though it would be understandable if he did not recall it. Farooq Abdullah’s father Sheikh Abdullah was not merely a Lion of Kashmir but a genuine hero of Indian history, a true Bharat Ratna, someone whose commitment to constitutional principles of law and politics I admire more and more as I learn more of it…

The purpose of this open letter is to describe the broad path I believe to be the only just and lawful one available to the resolution of what has been known universally as the Kashmir problem.

Very briefly, it involves recognizing that the question of lawful territorial sovereignty in J&K is logically distinct from the question of the choice of nationality by individual inhabitants. The solution requires

(a) acknowledging that the original entity in the world system known as Jammu & Kashmir arising on March 16 1846 ceased to exist on or about October 22 1947, and that the military contest that commenced on the latter date has resulted in fact, given all particular circumstances of history, in the lawful and just outcome in international law;
(b) offering all who may be Indian nationals or stateless and who presently live under Article 370, a formal choice of nationality between the Republics of India, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan: citizen-by-citizen, without fear or favour, under conditions of full information, individual privacy and security; any persons who voluntarily choose to renounce Indian nationality in such private individual decisions would be nevertheless granted lawful permanent residence in the Indian Republic and J&K in particular.

In other words, the dismemberment of the original J&K State and annexation of its territories by the entities known today as the Republic of Pakistan and Republic of India that occurred since October 22 1947, as represented first by the 1949 Ceasefire Line and then by the 1972 Line of Control, is indeed the just and lawful outcome prevailing in respect of the question of territorial sovereignty and jurisdiction. The remaining democratic question has to do with free individual choice of nationality by inhabitants, under conditions of full information and privacy, citizen-by-citizen, with the grant of permanent residency rights by the Indian Republic to persons under its jurisdiction in J&K who might wish to choose, for deeply personal individual reasons, not to remain Indian nationals but become Afghan, Iranian or Pakistani nationals instead (or remain stateless). Pakistan has said frequently its sole concern has been the freedom of Muslims of J&K under Indian rule, and any such genuine concern shall have been thereby fully met by India. Indeed if Pakistan agreed to act similarly this entire complex mortal problem of decades shall have begun to be resolved most appropriately. Pakistan and India are both wracked by corruption, poverty and bad governance, and would be able to mutually draw down military forces pit against one another everywhere, so as to begin to repair the grave damage to their fiscal health caused over decades by the deleterious draining away of vast public resources.

The full reasoning underlying this solution, which I believe to be the only lawful, just, efficient and stable solution that exists, is thoroughly explained in the following five articles. The first four, “Solving Kashmir”, “Law, Justice & J&K”, “History of J&K”, and “Pakistan’s Allies”, were published in The Statesman in 2005-2006 and are marked ONE, TWO, THREE, and FOUR below, and are also available elsewhere here. The fifth “An Indian Reply to President Zardari”, marked FIVE, was published for the first time here following the Mumbai massacres. I believe careful reflection upon this entire body of reasoning may lead all reasonable men and women to a practically unanimous consensus about this as the appropriate course of action; if such a consensus happened to arise, the implementation of the solution shall only be a matter of relatively uncomplicated procedural detail.

Subroto Roy
January 7 2009

“ONE
SOLVING KASHMIR: ON AN APPLICATION OF REASON by Subroto Roy First published in three parts in The Statesman, Editorial Page Special Article, December 1,2,3 2005, http://www.thestatesman.net

(This article has its origins in a paper “Towards an Economic Solution for Kashmir” which circulated in Washington DC in 1992-1995, including at the Indian and Pakistani embassies and the Carnegie Endowment, and was given as an invited lecture at the Heritage Foundation on June 23 1998. It should be read along with other articles also republished here, especially “History of J&K”, “Law, Justice and J&K” , “Understanding Pakistan”, “Pakistan’s Allies” and “What to Tell Musharraf”. The Washington paper and lecture itself originated from my ideas in the Introduction to Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy, edited by WE James and myself in the University of Hawaii project on Pakistan 1986-1992.)

I. Give Indian `Green Cards’ to the Hurriyat et al
India, being a liberal democracy in its constitutional law, cannot do in Jammu & Kashmir what Czechoslovakia did to the “Sudeten Germans” after World War II. On June 18 1945 the new Czechoslovakia announced those Germans and Magyars within their borders who could not prove they had been actively anti-fascist before or during the War would be expelled — the burden of proof was placed on the individual, not the State. Czechoslovakia “transferring” this population was approved by the Heads of the USA, UK and USSR Governments at Potsdam on August 2 1945. By the end of 1946, upto two million Sudeten Germans were forced to flee their homes; thousands may have died by massacre or otherwise; 165,000 remained who were absorbed as Czechoslovak citizens. Among those expelled were doubtless many who had supported Germany and many others who had not — the latter to this day seek justice or even an apology in vain. Czechoslovakia punished none of its nationals for atrocities, saying it had been revenge for Hitler’s evil (”badla” in Bollywood terms) and the post Cold War Czech Government too has declined to render an apology. Revenge is a wild kind of justice (while justice may be a civilised kind of revenge).

India cannot follow this savage precedent in international law. Yet we must recognise there are several hundred and up to several hundred thousand persons on our side of the boundary in the State of Jammu & Kashmir who do not wish to be Indian nationals. These people are presently our nationals ius soli, having been born in territory of the Indian Republic, and/or ius sanguinis, having been born of parents who are Indian nationals; or they may be “stateless” whom we must treat in accordance with the 1954 Convention on Stateless Persons. The fact is they may not wish to carry Indian passports or be Indian nationals.

In this respect their juridical persons resemble the few million “elite” Indians who have in the last few decades freely placed their hands on their hearts and solemnly renounced their Indian nationality, declaring instead their individual fidelity to other nation-states — becoming American, Canadian or Australian citizens, or British subjects or nationals of other countries. Such people include tens of thousands of the adult children of India’s metropolitan “elite”, who are annually visited abroad in the hot summer months by their Indian parents and relatives. They are daughters and sons of New Delhi’s Government and Opposition, of retired generals, air marshals, admirals, ambassadors, cabinet secretaries, public sector bureaucrats, private sector businessmen, university professors, journalists, doctors and many others. India’s most popular film-actress exemplified this “elite” capital-flight when, after a tireless search, she chose a foreign husband and moved to California.

The difference in Jammu & Kashmir would be that those wishing to renounce Indian nationality do not wish to move to any other place but to stay as and where they are, which is in Kashmir Valley or Jammu. Furthermore, they may wish, for whatever reason, to adopt, if they are eligible to do so, the nationality of e.g. the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan or the Islamic Republic of Iran or the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

They may believe themselves descended from Ahmad Shah Abdali whose Afghans ruled or mis-ruled Kashmir Valley before being defeated by Ranjit Singh’s Sikhs in 1819. Or they may believe themselves of Iranian descent as, for example, are the Kashmiri cousins of the late Ayatollah Khomeini. Or they may simply have wished to be, or are descended from persons who had wished to be on October 26 1947, citizens of the then-new British Dominion of Pakistan — but who came to be prevented from properly expressing such a desire because of the war-like conditions that have prevailed ever since between India and Pakistan. There may be even a few persons in Laddakh who are today Indian nationals but who wish to be considered Tibetans instead; there is, however, no Tibetan Republic and it does not appear there is going to be one.

India, being a free and self-confident country, should allow, in a systematic lawful manner, all such persons to fulfil their desires, and furthermore, should ensure they are not penalised for having expressed such “anti-national” desires or for having acted upon them. Sir Mark Tully, the British journalist, is an example of someone who has been a foreign national who has chosen to reside permanently in the Republic of India — indeed he has been an exemplary permanent resident of our country. There are many others like him. There is no logical reason why all those persons in Jammu & Kashmir who do wish not to be Indians by nationality cannot receive the same legal status from the Indian Republic as has been granted to Sir Mark Tully. There are already thousands of Sri Lankan, Bangladeshi and Nepalese nationals who are lawful permanent residents in the Indian Republic, and who travel back and forth between India and their home countries. There is no logical reason why the same could not be extended to several hundred or numerous thousand people in Jammu & Kashmir who may wish to not accept or to renounce their Indian nationality (for whatever personal reason) and instead become nationals, if they are so eligible, of the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran or Pakistan, or, for that matter, to remain stateless. On the one hand, their renunciation of Indian nationality is logically equivalent to the renunciation of Indian nationality by the adult children of India’s “elite” settled in North America and Western Europe. On the other hand, their wish to adopt, if they are eligible, a foreign nationality, such as that of Afghanistan, Iran or Pakistan, and yet remain domiciled in Indian territory is logically equivalent to that of many foreign nationals domiciled in India already like Sir Mark Tully.

Now if you are a permanent resident of some country, you may legally have many, perhaps most, but certainly not all the rights and duties of nationals of that country. e.g., though you will have to pay all the same taxes, you may not be allowed to (or be required to) vote in national or provincial elections but you may in local municipal elections. At the same time, permanently residing foreign nationals are supposed to be equal under the law and have equal access to all processes of civil and criminal justice. (As may be expected though from human frailty, even the federal courts of the USA can be notorious in their injustice and racism towards “Green Card” holders relative to “full” American citizens.) Then again, as a permanently resident foreigner, while you will be free to work in any lawful trade or profession, you may not be allowed to work in some or perhaps any Government agencies, certainly not the armed forces or the police. Many Indians in the USA were engineering graduates, and because many engineering jobs or contracts in the USA are related to the US armed forces and require US citizens only, it is commonplace for Indian engineers to renounce their Indian nationality and become Americans because of this. Many Indian-American families have one member who is American, another Indian, a third maybe Canadian, a fourth Fijian or British etc.

The same can happen in the Indian State of Jammu & Kashmir if it evolves peacefully and correctly in the future. It is quite possible to imagine a productive family in a peaceful Kashmir Valley of the future where one brother is an officer in the Indian Armed Forces, another brother a civil servant and a sister a police officer of the J&K State Government, another sister being a Pakistani doctor, while cousins are Afghan or Iranian or “stateless” businessmen. Each family-member would have made his/her choice of nationality as an individual given the circumstances of his/her life, his/her personal comprehension of the facts of history, his/her personal political and/or religious persuasions, and similar deeply private considerations. All would have their children going to Indian schools and being Indian citizens ius soli and/or ius sanguinis. When the children grow up, they would be free to join, if they wished, the existing capital flight of other Indian adult children abroad and there renounce their Indian nationality as many have come to do.

II Revealing Choices Privately with Full Information
For India to implement such a proposal would be to provide an opportunity for all those domiciled in Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Laddakh to express freely and privately as individuals their deepest wishes about their own identities, in a confidential manner, citizen by citizen, case by case. This would thereby solve the fundamental democratic problem that has been faced ever since the Pakistani attack on the original State of Jammu & Kashmir commenced on October 22 1947, which came to be followed by the Rape of Baramulla — causing the formal accession of the State to the then-new Dominion of India on October 26 1947.

A period of, say, 30 months may be announced by the Government of India during which full information would be provided to all citizens affected by this change, i.e. all those presently governed by Article 370 of the Indian Constitution. The condition of full information may include, for example, easy access to Afghan, Iranian and Pakistani newspapers in addition to access to Indian media. Each such person wishing to either remain with Indian nationality (by explicitly requesting an Indian passport if he/she does not have one already — and such passports can be printed in Kashmiri and Urdu too), or to renounce Indian nationality and either remain stateless or adopt, if he/she is so eligible, the nationality of e.g. Afghanistan, Iran, or Pakistan, should be administratively assisted by the Government of India to make that choice.

In particular, he/she should be individually, confidentially, and without fear or favour assured and informed of his/her new rights and responsibilities. For example, a resident of Kashmir Valley who chooses to become a Pakistani citizen, such as Mr Geelani, would now enjoy the same rights and responsibilities in the Indian Republic that Mr Tully enjoys, and at the same time no longer require a visa to visit Pakistan just as Mr Tully needs no visa to enter Britain. In case individual participants in the Hurriyat choose to renounce Indian nationality and adopt some other, they would no longer be able to legally participate in Indian national elections or J&K’s State elections. That is something which they say they do not wish to do in any case. Those members of the Hurriyat who chose e.g. Pakistani nationality while still residing in Jammu & Kashmir, would be free to send postal ballots or cross the border and vote in Pakistan’s elections if and when these occur. There are many Canadians who live permanently in the USA who cross home to Canada in order to cast a ballot.

After the period of 30 months, every person presently under Article 370 of the Indian Constitution would have received a full and fair opportunity to privately and confidentially reveal his/her preference or choice under conditions of full information. “Partition”, “Plebiscite”, and “Military Decision” have been the three alternatives under discussion ever since the National Conference of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah and his then-loyal Deputy, Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad, helped the Indian Army and Air Force in 1947-1948 fight off the savage attack against Jammu & Kashmir State that had commenced from Pakistan on October 22 1947. When, during the Pakistani attack, the Sheikh and Bakshi agreed to the Muslim Conference’s demand for a plebiscite among the people, the Pakistanis balked — the Sheikh and Bakshi then withdrew their offer and decisively and irrevocably chose to accede to the Indian Union. The people of Jammu & Kashmir, like any other, are now bound by the sovereign political commitments made by their forebears. Even so, given the painful mortal facts of the several decades since, the solution here proposed if properly implemented would be an incomparably more thorough democratic exercise than any conceivable plebiscite could ever have been.

Furthermore, regardless of the outcome, it would not entail any further “Partition” or population “transfer” which inevitably would degenerate into a savage balkanization, and has been ruled out as an unacceptable “deal-breaker” by the Indian Republic. Instead, every individual person would have been required, in a private and confidential decision-making process, to have chosen a nationality or to remain stateless — resulting in a multitude of cosmopolitan families in Jammu & Kashmir. But that is something commonplace in the modern world. Properly understood and properly implemented, we shall have resolved the great mortal problem we have faced for more than half a century, and Jammu & Kashmir can finally settle into a period of peace and prosperity. The boundary between India and Pakistan would have been settled by the third alternative mentioned at the time, namely, “Military Decision”.

III. Of Flags and Consulates in Srinagar and Gilgit
Pakistan has demanded its flag fly in Srinagar. This too can happen though not in the way Pakistan has been wishing to see it happen. A Pakistan flag might fly in the Valley just as might an Afghan and Iranian flag as well. Pakistan has wished its flag to fly as the sovereign over Jammu & Kashmir. That is not possible. The best and most just outcome is for the Pakistani flag to fly over a recognised Pakistani consular or visa office in Srinagar, Jammu and Leh. In diplomatic exchange, the Indian tricolour would have to fly over a recognised Indian consular or visa office in Muzaffarabad, Gilgit and Skardu.

Pakistan also may have to act equivalently with respect to the original inhabitants of the territory of Jammu & Kashmir that it has been controlling — allowing those people to become Indian nationals if they so chose to do in free private decisions under conditions of full information. In other words, the “Military Decision” that defines the present boundary between sovereign states must be recognised by Pakistan sincerely and permanently in a Treaty relationship with India — and all of Pakistan’s official and unofficial protégés like the Hurriyat and the “United Jehad Council” would have to do the same. Without such a sovereign commitment from the Government of Pakistan, as shown by decisive actions of lack of aggressive intent (e.g. as came to be implemented between the USA and USSR), the Government of India has no need to involve the Government of Pakistan in implementing the solution of enhancing free individual choice of nationality with regard to all persons on our side of the boundary.

The “Military Decision” regarding the sovereign boundary in Jammu & Kashmir will be so recognised by all only if it is the universally just outcome in international law. And that in fact is what it is.

The original Jammu & Kashmir State began its existence as an entity in international law long before the present Republics of India and Pakistan ever did. Pakistan commences as an entity on August 14 1947; India commences as an entity of international law with its signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 20 1918. Jammu & Kashmir began as an entity on March 16 1846 — when the Treaty of Amritsar was signed between Gulab Singh Dogra and the British, one week after the Treaty of Lahore between the British and the defeated Sikh regency of the child Daleep Singh.

Liaquat Ali Khan and Zafrullah Khan both formally challenged on Pakistan’s behalf the legitimacy of Dogra rule in Jammu & Kashmir since the Treaty of Amritsar. The Pakistani Mission to the UN does so even today. The Pakistanis were following Sheikh Abdullah and Jawaharlal Nehru himself, who too had at one point challenged Dogra legitimacy in the past. But though the form of words of the Pakistan Government and the Nehru-Abdullah position were similar in their attacks on the Treaty of Amritsar, their underlying substantive reasons were as different as chalk from cheese. The Pakistanis attacked the Dogra dynasty for being Dogra — i.e. because they were Hindus and not Muslims governing a Muslim majority. Nehru and Abdullah denounced monarchic autocracy in favour of mass democracy, and so attacked the Dogra dynasty for being a dynasty. All were wrong to think the Treaty of Amritsar anything but a lawful treaty in international law.

Furthermore, in this sombre political game of great mortal consequence, there were also two other parties who were, or appeared to be, in favour of the dynasty: one because the dynasty was non-Muslim, the other, despite it being so. Non-Muslim minorities like many Hindus and Sikhs in the business and governmental classes, saw the Dogra dynasty as their protector against a feared communalist tyranny arising from the Sunni Muslim masses of Srinagar Valley, whom Abdullah’s rhetoric at Friday prayer-meetings had been inciting or at least awakening from slumber. At the same time, the communalists of the Muslim Conference who had broken away from Abdullah’s secular National Conference, sought political advantage over Abdullah by declaring themselves in favour of keeping the dynasty — even elevating it to become an international sovereign, thus flattering the already pretentious potentate that he would be called “His Majesty” instead of merely “His Highness”. The ancestry of today’s Hurriyat’s demands for an independent Jammu & Kashmir may be traced precisely to those May 21-22 1947 declarations of the Muslim Conference leader, Hamidullah Khan.

Into this game stumbled the British with all the mix of cunning, indifference, good will, impatience, arrogance and pomposity that marked their rule in India. At the behest of the so-called “Native Princes”, the 1929 Butler Commission had hinted that the relationship of “Indian India” to the British sovereign was conceptually different from that of “British India” to the British sovereign. This view was adopted in the Cabinet Mission’s 12 May 1946 Memorandum which in turn came to be applied by Attlee and Mountbatten in their unseemly rush to “Divide and Quit” India in the summer of 1947.

It created the pure legal illusion that there was such a thing as “Lapse of Paramountcy” at which Jammu & Kashmir or any other “Native State” of “Indian India” could conceivably, even for a moment, become a sovereign enjoying the comity of nations — contradicting Britain’s own position that only two Dominions, India and Pakistan, could ever be members of the British Commonwealth and hence members of the newly created UN. British pusillanimity towards Jammu & Kashmir’s Ruler had even extended to making him a nominal member of Churchill’s War Cabinet because he had sent troops to fight in Burma. But the legal illusion had come about because of a catastrophic misunderstanding on the part of the British of their own constitutional law.

The only legal scholar who saw this was B R Ambedkar in a lonely and brilliant technical analysis released to the press on June 17 1947. No “Lapse of Paramountcy” over the “Native Princes” of Indian India could occur in constitutional law. Paramountcy over Indian India would be automatically inherited by the successor state of British India at the Transfer of Power. That successor state was the new British Dominion of India as well as (when it came to be finalised by Partition from India) the new British Dominion of Pakistan (Postscript: the deleted words represent a mistake made in the original paper, corrected in “Law, Justice & J&K” in view of the fact the UN in 1947 deemed India alone the successor state of British India and Pakistan a new state in the world system). A former “Native Prince” could only choose to which Dominion he would go. No other alternative existed even for a single logical moment. Because the British had catastrophically failed to comprehend this aspect of their own constitutional law, they created a legal vacuum whereby between August 15 and October 22-26 1947, Jammu & Kashmir became a local and temporary sovereign recognised only by the Dominion of Pakistan (until October 22) and the Dominion of India (until October 26). But it was not a globally recognised sovereign and was never going to be such in international law. This was further proved by Attlee refusing to answer the J&K Prime Minister’s October 18 1947 telegram.

All ambiguity came to end with the Pakistani attack of October 22 1947, the Rape of Baramulla, the secession of an “Azad Kashmir”declared by Sardar Ibrahim, and the Pakistani coup détat in Gilgit on October 31 1947 followed by the massacre of Sikh soldiers of the J&K Army at Bunji. With those Pakistani actions, Gulab Singh’s Jammu & Kashmir State, founded on March 16 1846 by the Treaty of Amritsar, ceased to logically exist as an entity in international law and fell into a state of ownerless anarchy. The conflict between Ibrahim’s Muslim communalists backed by the new Dominion of Pakistan and Abdullah’s secularists backed by the new Dominion of India had become a civil war within a larger intra-Commonwealth war that itself was almost a civil war between forces of the same military.

Jammu & Kashmir territory had become ownerless. The Roman Law which is at the root of all municipal and international law in the world today would declare that in the ownership of such an ownerless entity, a “Military Decision” was indeed the just outcome. Sovereignty over the land, waters, forests and other actual and potential resources of the erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir has become divided by “Military Decision” between the modern Republics of India and Pakistan. By the proposal made herein, the people and their descendants shall have chosen their nationality and their domicile freely across the sovereign boundary that has come to result.

TWO
LAW, JUSTICE AND J&K by Subroto Roy First published in two parts in The Sunday Statesman, July 2 2006 and The Statesman July 3 2006 http://www.thestatesman.net Editorial Page Special Article

I.
For a solution to J&K to be universally acceptable it must be seen by all as being lawful and just. Political opinion in Pakistan and India as well as all people and parties in J&K ~ those loyal to India, those loyal to Pakistan, and any others ~ will have to agree that, all things considered, such is the right course of action for everyone today in the 21st Century, which means too that the solution must be consistent with the facts of history as well as account reasonably for all moral considerations.

On August 14, 1947, the legal entity known as “British India”, as one of its final acts, and based on a sovereign British decision made only two months earlier, created out of some of its territory a new State defined in international law as the “Dominion of Pakistan”. British India extinguished itself the very next day, and the newly independent “Dominion of India” succeeded to all its rights and obligations in international law. As the legal successor of the “India” which had signed the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 and the San Francisco Declaration of 1945, the Dominion of India was already a member of the new UN as well as a signatory to many international treaties. By contrast, the Dominion of Pakistan had to apply afresh to sign treaties and become a member of international organisations. The theory put forward by Argentina that two new States, India and Pakistan, had been created ab initio, came to be rejected and was withdrawn by Argentina. Instead, Pakistan with the wholehearted backing of India was made a member of the UN, with all except Afghanistan voting in favour. (Afghanistan’s exceptional vote signalled presence of conflict over the Durand Line and idea of a Pashtunistan; Dr Khan Sahib and Abdul Ghaffar Khan were imprisoned by the Muslim League regime of NWFP which later supported the tribesmen who attacked J&K starting October 22, 1947; that conflict remains unresolved to this day, even after the American attack on the Taliban, the restart of a constitutional process in Afghanistan, and the purported mediation of US Secretary of State Condoleeza Rice.)

Zafrullah Khan, Pakistan’s distinguished first ambassador to the UN, claimed in September 1947: “Pakistan is not a new member of UNO but a successor to a member State which was one of the founders of the Organisation.” He noted that he himself had led India to the final session of the League of Nations in Geneva in 1939, and he wished to say that Pakistan had been present “as part of India… under the latter name” as a signatory to the Treaty of Versailles. This was, however, logically impossible. The Treaty of Versailles long predated (1) Mohammad Iqbal’s Allahabad Address which conceptualised for the first time in the 20th Century a Muslim State in Northwest India; (2) Rahmat Ali’s invention of the word “PAKSTAN” on the top floor of a London omnibus; (3) M. A. Jinnah and Fazlul Haq’s Lahore Resolution; and (4) the final British decision of June 3, 1947 to create by Partition out of “British India” a Dominion named Pakistan. Pakistan could not have acted in international law prior to having come into being or been created or even conceived itself. Zafrullah Khan would have been more accurate to say that the history of Pakistanis until August 14, 1947 had been one in common with that of their Indian cousins ~ or indeed their Indian brothers, since innumerable North Indian Muslim families came to be literally partitioned, with some brothers remaining Indians while other brothers became Pakistanis.

Pakistan was created at the behest of Jinnah’s Muslim League though with eventual agreement of the Indian National Congress (a distant ancestor of the political party going by the same name today). Pakistan arose not because Jinnah said Hindus and Muslims were “two nations” but because he and his League wished for a State where Muslims would find themselves ruled by fellow-Muslims and feel themselves part of a pan-Islamic culture. Yet Pakistan was intended to be a secular polity with Muslim-majority governance, not an Islamic theocracy. That Pakistan failed to become secular was exemplified most poignantly in the persecution Zafrullah himself later faced in his personal life as an Ahmadiya, even while he was Pakistan’s Foreign Minister. (The same happened later to Pakistan’s Nobel-winning physicist Abdus Salaam.) Pakistan was supposed to allow the genius of Indo-Muslim culture to flourish, transplanted from places like Lucknow and Aligarh which would never be part of it. In fact, the areas that are Pakistan today had in the 1937 provincial elections shown scant popular Muslim support for Jinnah’s League. The NWFP had a Congress Government in the 1946 elections, and its supporters boycotted the pro-Pakistan referendum in 1947. The imposition of Urdu culture as Pakistan’s dominant ethos might have come to be accepted later in West Punjab, Sindh and NWFP but it was not acceptable in East Bengal, and led inevitably to the Pakistani civil war and creation of Bangladesh by Sheikh Mujib in 1971.

In August 1947, the new Dominions of India and Pakistan were each supposed to protect their respective minority populations as their first political duty. Yet both palpably failed in this, and were reduced to making joint declarations pleading for peace and an end to communal killings and the abduction of women. The Karachi Government, lacking the wherewithal and administrative machinery of being a nation-state at all, and with only Liaquat and an ailing Jinnah as noted leaders, may have failed more conspicuously, and West Punjab, the Frontier and Sindh were soon emptied of almost all their many Sikhs and Hindus. Instead, the first act of the new Pakistan Government in the weeks after August 14, 1947 was to arrange for the speedy and safe transfer of the North Indian Muslim elite by air from Delhi using chartered British aeroplanes. The ordinary Muslim masses of UP, Delhi and East Punjab were left in danger from or were subjected to Sikh and Hindu mob attacks, especially as news and rumours spread of similar outrages against Pakistan’s departing minorities.

In this spiral of revenge attacks and counter-attacks, bloodshed inevitably spilled over from West and East Punjab into the northern Punjabi plains of Jammu, though Kashmir Valley remained conspicuously peaceful. Zafrullah and Liaquat would later claim it was this communal civil war which had caused thousands of newly decommissioned Mirpuri soldiers of the British Army, and thousands of Afridi and other Frontier tribesmen, to spontaneously act to “liberate” J&K’s Muslims from alleged tyranny under the Hindu Ruler or an allegedly illegal Indian occupation.

But the main attack on J&K State that began from Pakistan along the Manshera-Muzaffarabad road on October 22, 1947 was admittedly far too well-organised, well-armed, well-planned and well-executed to have been merely a spontaneous uprising of tribesmen and former soldiers. In all but name, it was an act of undeclared war of the new Dominion of Pakistan first upon the State of J&K and then upon the Indian Dominion. This became obvious to Field Marshall Auchinlek, who, as Supreme Commander of the armed forces of both India and Pakistan, promptly resigned and abolished the Supreme Command in face of the fact that two parts of his own forces were now at war with one another.

The invaders failed to take Srinagar solely because they lost their military purpose while indulging in the Rape of Baramula. Thousands of Kashmiri women of all communities ~ Muslim, Sikh and Hindu ~ were violated and transported back to be sold in markets in Peshawar and elsewhere. Such was standard practice in Central Asian tribal wars from long before the advent of Islam, and the invading tribesmen shared that culture. India’s Army and Air Force along with the militias of the secular democratic movement led by Sheikh Abdullah and those remaining loyal units of J&K forces, fought off the invasion, and liberated Baramula, Naushera, Uri, Poonch etc. Gilgit had a British-led coup détat against it bringing it under Pakistan’s control. Kargil was initially taken by the Pakistanis and then lost by them. Leh could have been but was not taken by Pakistani forces. But in seeking to protect Leh and to retake Kargil, the Indian Army lost the siege of Skardu ~ which ended reputedly with the infamous communication from the Pakistani commander to his HQ: “All Sikhs killed; all women raped.”

Legal theory
Now, in this grave mortal conflict, the legal theory to which both the Indian and Pakistani Governments have been wedded for sixty years is one that had been endorsed by the British Cabinet Mission in 1946 and originated with the Butler Commission of 1929. Namely, that “Lapse of Paramountcy” over the “Indian India” of the “Native States” could and did occur with the extinction of British India on August 15, 1947. By this theory, Hyderabad, J&K, Junagadh and the several other States which had not acceded to either Dominion were no longer subject to the Crown’s suzerainty as of that date. Both Dominions drew up “Instruments of Accession” for Rulers to sign upon the supposed “Lapse” of Paramountcy that was to occur with the end of British India.

Ever since, the Pakistan Government has argued that Junagadh’s Ruler acceded to Pakistan and Hyderabad’s had wished to do so but both were forcibly prevented by India. Pakistan has also argued the accession to India by J&K’s Ruler was “fraudulent” and unacceptable, and Sheikh Abdullah was a “Quisling” of India and it was not his National Conference but the Muslim Conference of Ibrahim, Abbas and the Mirwaiz (precursor of the Hurriyat) which represented J&K’s Muslims.

India argued that Junagadh’s accession to Pakistan or Hyderabad’s independence were legal and practical impossibilities contradicting the wills of their peoples, and that their integration into the Indian Dominion was carried out in an entirely legitimate manner in the circumstances prevailing.

On J&K, India has argued that not only had the Ruler requested Indian forces to fight off the Pakistani attack, and he acceded formally before Indian forces were sent, but also that democratic principles were fully adhered to in the unequivocal endorsement of the accession by Sheikh Abdullah and the National Conference and further by a duly called and elected J&K Constituent Assembly, as well as generations of Kashmiris since. In the Indian view, it is Pakistan which has been in illegal occupation of Indian territory from Mirpur, Muzaffarabad and Gilgit to Skardu all the way to the Khunjerab Pass, Siachen Glacier and K2, some of which it illegally ceded to its Communist Chinese ally, and furthermore that it has denied the peoples of these areas any democratic voice.

Roman law
In June 1947, it was uniquely and brilliantly argued by BR Ambedkar in a statement to the Press that the British had made a catastrophic error in comprehending their own constitutional law, that no such thing as “Lapse” of Paramountcy existed, and that suzerainty over the “Native States” of “Indian India” would be automatically transferred in international law to the successor State of British India. It was a legal illusion to think any Native State could be sovereign even for a single logical moment. On this theory, if the Dominion of India was the sole successor State in international law while Pakistan was a new legal entity, then a Native State which acceded to Pakistan after August 15, 1947 would have had to do so with the consent of the suzerain power, namely, India, as may be said to have happened implicitly in case of Chitral and a few others. Equally, India’s behaviour in integrating (or annexing) Junagadh and Hyderabad, would become fully explicable ~ as would the statements of Mountbatten, Nehru and Patel before October 1947 that they would accept J&K going to Pakistan if that was what the Ruler and his people desired. Pakistan unilaterally and by surprise went to war against J&K on October 22, declared the accession to India “fraudulent”, and to this day has claimed the territory of the original State of J&K is “disputed”. Certainly, even if the Ambedkar doctrine is applied that no “Lapse” was possible under British law, Pakistan did not recognise India’s jurisdiction there as the suzerain power as of August 15, 1947. Altogether, Pakistan’s sovereign actions from October 22 onwards amounted to acting to annex J&K to itself by military force ~ acts which came to be militarily resisted (with partial success) by India allied with Sheikh Abdullah’s National Conference and the remaining forces of J&K. By these military actions, Pakistan revealed that it considered J&K territory to have descended into a legal state of anarchy as of October 22, 1947, and hence open to resolution by “Military Decision” ~ as is indeed the just outcome under Roman Law, the root of all municipal and international law today, when there is a contest between claimants over an ownerless entity.

Choice of nationality
Hence, the present author concluded (“Solving Kashmir”, The Statesman December 1-3, 2005) that the dismemberment of the original J&K State and annexation of its territories by India and Pakistan that has occurred since 1947, as represented first by the 1949 Ceasefire Line and then by the 1972 Line of Control, is indeed the just and lawful outcome prevailing in respect of the question of territorial sovereignty and jurisdiction. The remaining “democratic” question described has to do with free individual choice of nationality by the inhabitants, under conditions of full information and privacy, citizen-by-citizen, with the grant of permanent residency rights by the Indian Republic to persons under its jurisdiction in J&K who may choose not to remain Indian nationals but become Afghan, Iranian or Pakistani nationals instead. Pakistan has said frequently its sole concern has been the freedom of the Muslims of J&K under Indian rule, and any such genuine concern shall have been thereby fully met by India. Indeed, if Pakistan agreed to act similarly, this entire complex mortal problem of decades shall have begun to be peacefully resolved. Both countries are wracked by corruption, poverty and bad governance, and would be able to mutually draw down military forces pit against one another everywhere, so as to begin to repair the grave damage to their fiscal health caused by the deleterious draining away of vast public resources.

THREE
HISTORY OF JAMMU & KASHMIR by Subroto Roy First published in two parts in The Sunday Statesman, Oct 29 2006 and The Statesman Oct 30 2006, Editorial Page Special Article, http://www.thestatesman.net

At the advent of Islam in distant Arabia, India and Kashmir in particular were being visited by Chinese Buddhist pilgrims during Harsha’s reign. The great “Master of Law” Hiuen Tsiang visited between 629-645 and spent 631-633 in Kashmir (”Kia-chi-mi-lo”), describing it to include Punjab, Kabul and Kandahar. Over the next dozen centuries, Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and again Hindu monarchs came to rule the 85 mile long 40 mile wide territory on the River Jhelum’s upper course known as Srinagar Valley, as well as its adjoining Jammu in the upper plains of the Punjab and “Little Tibet” consisting of Laddakh, Baltistan and Gilgit.

In 1344, a Persian adventurer from Swat or Khorasan by name of Amir or Mirza, who had “found his way into the Valley and in time gained great influence at the Raja’s court”, proclaimed himself Sultan Shamsuddin after the death of the last Hindu monarchs of medieval Kashmir. Twelve of his descendants formed the Shamiri dynasty including the notorious Sikander and the just and tolerant Zainulabidin. Sikander who ruled 1386-1410 “submitted himself” to the Uzbek Taimur the Lame when he approached Kashmir in 1398 “and thus saved the country from invasion”. Otherwise, “Sikander was a gloomy ferocious bigot, and his zeal in destroying temples and idols was so intense that he is remembered as the Idol-Breaker. He freely used the sword to propagate Islam and succeeded in forcing the bulk of the population to conform outwardly to the Muslim religion. Most of the Brahmins refused to apostatise, and many of them paid with their lives the penalty for their steadfastness. Many others were exiled, and only a few conformed.”

Zainulabidin who ruled 1417-1467 “was a man of very different type”. “He adopted the policy of universal toleration, recalled the exiled Brahmins, repealed the jizya or poll-tax on Hindus, and even permitted new temples to be built. He abstained from eating flesh, prohibited the slaughter of kine, and was justly venerated as a saint. He encouraged literature, painting and music, and caused many translations to be made of works composed in Sanskrit, Arabic and other languages.” During his “long and prosperous reign”, he “constructed canals and built many mosques; he was just and tolerant”.

The Shamiri dynasty ended in 1541 when “some fugitive chiefs of the two local factions of the Makri and the Chakk invited Mirza Haidar Dughlat, a relation of Babar, to invade Kashmir. The country was conquered and the Mirza held it (nominally in name of Humayan) till 1551, when he was killed in a skirmish. The line… was restored for a few years, until in 1559 a Chakk leader, Ghazi Shah, usurped the throne; and in the possession of his descendants it remained for nearly thirty years.” This dynasty marks the origins of Shia Islam in Srinagar though Shia influence in Gilgit, Baltistan and Laddakh was of longer standing. Constant dissensions weakened the Chakks, and in 1586, Akbar, then at Attock on the Indus, sent an army under Raja Bhagwan Das into Srinagar Valley and easily made it part of his Empire.

Shivaism and Islam both flourished, and Hindu ascetics and Sufi saints were revered by all. Far from Muslims and Hindus forming distinct nations, here they were genetically related kinsmen living in proximity in a small isolated area for centuries. Indeed Zainulabidin may have had a vast unspoken influence on the history of all India insofar as Akbar sought to attempt in his empire what Zainulabidin achieved in the Valley. Like Zainulabidin, Akbar’s governance of India had as its “constant aim” “to conciliate the Hindus and to repress Muslim bigotry” which in modern political parlance may be seen as the principle of secular governance ~ of conciliating the powerless (whether majority or minority) and repressing the bigotry of the powerful (whether minority or majority). Akbar had made the Valley the summer residence of the Mughals, and it was Jahangir, seeing the Valley for the first time, who apparently said the words agar behest baushad, hamee in hast, hamee in hast, hamee in hast: “if Heaven exists, it is here, it is here, it is here”. Yet like other isolated paradises (such as the idyllic islands of the Pacific Ocean) an accursed mental ether can accompany the magnificent beauty of people’s surroundings. As the historian put it: “The Kashmiris remained secure in their inaccessible Valley; but they were given up to internal weakness and discord, their political importance was gone…”

After the Mughals collapsed, Iran’s Turkish ruler Nadir Shah sacked Delhi in 1739 but the Iranian court fell in disarray upon his death. In 1747 a jirga of Pashtun tribes at Kandahar “broke normal tradition” and asked an old Punjabi holy man and shrine-keeper to choose between two leaders; this man placed young wheat in the hand of the 25 year old Ahmed Shah Saddozai of the Abdali tribe, and titled him “Durrani”. Five years later, Durrani took Kashmir and for the next 67 years the Valley was under Pashtun rule, a time of “unmitigated brutality and widespread distress”. Durrani himself “was wise, prudent and simple”, never declared himself king and wore no crown, instead keeping a stick of young wheat in his turban. Leaving India, he famously recited: “The Delhi throne is beautiful indeed, but does it compare with the mountains of Kandahar?”

Kashmir’s modern history begins with Ranjit Singh of the Sikhs who became a soldier at 12, and in 1799 at age 19 was made Lahore’s Governor by Kabul’s Zaman Shah. Three years later “he made himself master of Amritsar”, and in 1806 crossed the River Sutlej and took Ludhiana. He created a fine Sikh infantry and cavalry under former officers of Napoleon, and with 80,000 trained men and 500 guns took Multan and Peshawar, defeated the Pashtuns and overran Kashmir in 1819. The “cruel rule” of the Pashtuns ended “to the great relief of Kashmir’s inhabitants”.

The British Governor-General Minto (ancestor of the later Viceroy), seeing advantage in the Sikhs staying north of the Sutlej, sent Charles Metcalfe, “a clever young civilian”, to persuade the Khalsa; in 1809, Ranjit Singh and the British in the first Treaty of Amritsar agreed to establish “perpetual amity”: the British would “have no concern” north of the Sutlej and Ranjit Singh would keep only minor personnel south of it. In 1834 and 1838 Ranjit Singh was struck by paralysis and died in 1839, leaving no competent heir. The Sikh polity collapsed, “their power exploded, disappearing in fierce but fast flames”. It was “a period of storm and anarchy in which assassination was the rule” and the legitimate line of his son and grandson, Kharak Singh and Nao Nihal Singh was quickly extinguished. In 1845 the Queen Regent, mother of the five-year old Dalip Singh, agreed to the Khalsa ending the 1809 Treaty. After bitter battles that might have gone either way, the Khalsa lost at Sobraon on 10 February 1846, and accepted terms of surrender in the 9 March 1846 Treaty of Lahore. The kingdom had not long survived its founder: “created by the military and administrative genius of one man, it crumbled into powder when the spirit which gave it life was withdrawn; and the inheritance of the Khalsa passed into the hands of the English.”

Ranjit Singh’s influence on modern J&K was even greater through his having mentored the Rajput Gulab Singh Dogra (1792-1857) and his brothers Dhyan Singh and Suchet Singh. Jammu had been ruled by Ranjit Deo until 1780 when the Sikhs made it tributary to the Lahore Court. Gulab Singh, a great grand nephew of Ranjit Deo, had left home at age 17 in search of a soldierly fortune, and ended up in 1809 in Ranjit Singh’s army, just when Ranjit Singh had acquired for himself a free hand to expand his domains north of the River Sutlej.

Gulab Singh, an intrepid soldier, by 1820 had Jammu conferred upon him by Ranjit Singh with the title of Raja, while Bhimber, Chibal, Poonch and Ramnagar went to his brothers. Gulab Singh, “often unscrupulous and cruel, was a man of considerable ability and efficiency”; he “found his small kingdom a troublesome charge but after ten years of constant struggles he and his two brothers became masters of most of the country between Kashmir and the Punjab”, though Srinagar Valley itself remained under a separate Governor appointed by the Lahore Court. Gulab Singh extended Jammu’s rule from Rawalpindi, Bhimber, Rajouri, Bhadarwah and Kishtwar, across Laddakh and into Tibet. His General Zorawar Singh led six expeditions into Laddakh between 1834 and 1841 through Kishtwar, Padar and Zanskar. In May 1841, Zorawar left Leh with an army of 5000 Dogras and Laddakhis and advanced on Tibet. Defeating the Tibetans at Rudok and Tashigong, he reached Minsar near Lake Mansarovar from where he advanced to Taklakot (Purang), 15 miles from the borders of Nepal and Kumaon, and built a fort stopping for the winter. Lhasa sent large re-inforcements to meet him. Zorawar, deciding to take the offensive, was killed in the Battle of Toyu, on 11-12 December 1841 at 16,000 feet.

A Laddakhi rebellion resulted against Jammu, aided now by the advancing Tibetans. A new army was sent under Hari Chand suppressing the rebellion and throwing back the Tibetans, leading to a peace treaty between Lhasa and Jammu signed on 17 September 1842: “We have agreed that we have no ill-feelings because of the past war. The two kings will henceforth remain friends forever. The relationship between Maharajah Gulab Singh of Kashmir and the Lama Guru of Lhasa (Dalai Lama) is now established. The Maharajah Sahib, with God (Kunchok) as his witness, promises to recognise ancient boundaries, which should be looked after by each side without resorting to warfare. When the descendants of the early kings, who fled from Laddakh to Tibet, now return they will not be stopped by Shri Maharajah. Trade between Laddakh and Tibet will continue as usual. Tibetan government traders coming into Laddakh will receive free transport and accommodations as before, and the Laddakhi envoy will, in turn, receive the same facilities in Lhasa. The Laddakhis take an oath before God (Kunchok) that they will not intrigue or create new troubles in Tibetan territory. We have agreed, with God as witness, that Shri Maharajah Sahib and the Lama Guru of Lhasa will live together as members of the same household.” The traditional boundary between Laddakh and Tibet “as recognised by both sides since olden times” was accepted by the envoys of Gulab Singh and the Dalai Lama.

An earlier 1684 treaty between Laddakh and Lhasa had said that while Laddakh would send tribute to Lhasa every three years, “the king of Laddakh reserves to himself the village of Minsar in Ngarees-khor-sum, that he may be independent there; and he sets aside its revenue for the purpose of meeting the expense involved in keeping up the sacrificial lights at Kangree (Kailas), and the Holy Lakes of Mansarovar and Rakas Tal”. The area around Minsar village near Lake Mansarovar, held by the rulers of Laddakh since 1583, was retained by Jammu in the 1842 peace-treaty, and its revenue was received by J&K State until 1948.

After Ranjit Singh’s death in 1839, Gulab Singh was alienated from the Lahore Court where the rise of his brothers and a nephew aroused enough Khalsa jealousy to see them assassinated in palace intrigues. While the Sikhs imploded, Gulab Singh had expanded his own dominion from Rawalpindi to Minsar ~ everywhere except Srinagar Valley itself. He had apparently advised the Sikhs not to attack the British in breach of the 1809 Treaty, and when they did so he had not joined them, though had he done so British power in North India might have been broken. The British were grateful for his neutrality and also his help in their first misbegotten adventure in Afghanistan. It was Gulab Singh who was now encouraged by both the British and the Sikhs to mediate between them, indeed “to take a leading part in arranging conditions of peace”, and he formally represented the Sikh regency in the negotiations. The 9 March 1846 Treaty of Lahore “set forth that the British Government having demanded in addition to a certain assignment of territory, a payment of a crore and a half of rupees, and the Sikh Government being unable to pay the whole”, Dalip Singh “should cede as equivalent to one crore the hill country belonging to the Punjab between the Beas and the Indus including Kashmir and the Hazara”.

For the British to occupy the whole of this mountainous territory was judged unwise on economic and military grounds; it was not feasible to occupy from a military standpoint and the area “with the exception of the small Valley of Kashmir” was “for the most part unproductive”. “On the other hand, the ceded tracts comprised the whole of the hereditary possessions of Gulab Singh, who, being eager to obtain an indefeasible title to them, came forward and offered to pay the war indemnity on condition that he was made the independent ruler of Jammu & Kashmir.

A separate treaty embodying this arrangement was thus concluded between the British and Gulab Singh at Amritsar on 16 March 1846.” Gulab Singh acknowledged the British Government’s supremacy, and in token of it agreed to present annually to the British Government “one horse, twelve shawl goats of approved breed and three pairs of Kashmir shawls. This arrangement was later altered; the annual presentation made by the Kashmir State was confined to two Kashmir shawls and three romals (handkerchiefs).” The Treaty of Amritsar “put Gulab Singh, as Maharaja, in possession of all the hill country between the Indus and the Ravi, including Kashmir, Jammu, Laddakh and Gilgit; but excluding Lahoul, Kulu and some areas including Chamba which for strategic purposes, it was considered advisable (by the British) to retain and for which a remission of Rs 25 lakhs was made from the crore demanded, leaving Rs 75 lakhs as the final amount to be paid by Gulab Singh.” The British retained Hazara which in 1918 was included into NWFP. Through an intrigue emanating from Prime Minister Lal Singh in Lahore, Imamuddin, the last Sikh-appointed Governor of Kashmir, sought to prevent Gulab Singh taking possession of the Valley in accordance with the Treaty’s terms. By December 1846 Gulab Singh had done so, though only with help of a British force which included 17,000 Sikh troops “who had been fighting in the campaign just concluded”. (Contemporary British opinion even predicted Sikhism like Buddhism “would become extinct in a short time if it were not kept alive by the esprit de corps of the Sikh regiments”.)

The British in 1846 may have been glad enough to allow Gulab Singh take independent charge of the new entity that came to be now known as the “State of Jammu & Kashmir”. Later, however. they and their American allies would grow keen to control or influence the region vis-à-vis their new interests against the Russian and Soviet Empires.

FOUR
PAKISTAN’S ALLIES by Subroto Roy First published in two parts in The Sunday Statesman, June 4 2006, The Statesman June 5 2006, Editorial Page Special Article, http://www.thestatesman.net

From the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar creating the State of Jammu & Kashmir until the collapse of the USSR in 1991, Britain and later the USA became increasingly interested in the subcontinent’s Northwest. The British came to India by sea to trade. Barren, splendid, landlocked Afghanistan held no interest except as a home of fierce tribes; but it was the source of invasions into the Indian plains and prompted a British misadventure to install Shah Shuja in place of Dost Mohammad Khan leading to ignominious defeat. Later, Afghanistan was seen as the underbelly of the Russian and Soviet empires, and hence a location of interest to British and American strategic causes.

In November 1954, US President Dwight Eisenhower authorized 30 U-2 spy aircraft to be produced for deployment against America’s perceived enemies, especially to investigate Soviet nuclear missiles which could reach the USA. Reconnaissance balloons had been unsuccessful, and numerous Western pilots had been shot down taking photographs from ordinary military aircraft. By June 1956, U-2 were making clandestine flights over the USSR and China. But on May 1 1960, one was shot or forced down over Sverdlovsk, 1,000 miles within Soviet territory. The Americans prevaricated that it had taken off from Turkey on a weather-mission, and been lost due to oxygen problems. Nikita Kruschev then produced the pilot, Francis Gary Powers, who was convicted of spying, though was exchanged later for a Soviet spy. Powers had been headed towards Norway, his task to photograph Soviet missiles from 70,000 ft, his point of origin had been an American base 20 miles from Peshawar.

America needed clandestine “forward bases” from which to fly U-2 aircraft, and Pakistan’s ingratiating military and diplomatic establishment was more than willing to offer such cooperation, fervently wishing to be seen as a “frontline state” against the USSR. “We will help you defeat the USSR and we are hopeful you will help us defeat India” became their constant refrain. By 1986, the Americans had been permitted to build air-bases in Balochistan and also use Mauripur air-base near Karachi.

Jammu & Kashmir and especially Gilgit-Baltistan adjoins the Pashtun regions whose capital has been Peshawar. In August-November 1947, a British coup d’etat against J&K State secured Gilgit-Baltistan for the new British Dominion of Pakistan.

The Treaty of Amritsar had nowhere required Gulab Singh’s dynasty to accept British political control in J&K as came to be exercised by British “Residents” in all other Indian “Native States”. Despite this, Delhi throughout the late 19th Century relentlessly pressed Gulab Singh’s successors Ranbir Singh and Partab Singh to accept political control. The Dogras acquiesced eventually. Delhi’s desire for control had less to do with the welfare of J&K’s people than with protection of increasing British interests in the area, like European migration to Srinagar Valley and guarding against Russian or German moves in Afghanistan. “Sargin” or “Sargin Gilit”, later corrupted by the Sikhs and Dogras into “Gilgit”, had an ancient people who spoke an archaic Dardic language “intermediate between the Iranian and the Sanskritic”. “The Dards were located by Ptolemy with surprising accuracy on the West of the Upper Indus, beyond the headwaters of the Swat River (Greek: Soastus) and north of the Gandarae (i.e. Kandahar), who occupied Peshawar and the country north of it. This region was traversed by two Chinese pilgrims, Fa-Hsien, coming from the north about AD 400 and Hsuan Tsiang, ascending from Swat in AD 629, and both left records of their journeys.”

Gilgit had been historically ruled by a Hindu dynasty called Trakane; when they became extinct, Gilgit Valley “was desolated by successive invasions of neighbouring rulers, and in the 20 or 30 years ending with 1842 there had been five dynastic revolutions. The Sikhs entered Gilgit about 1842 and kept a garrison there.” When J&K came under Gulab Singh, “the Gilgit claims were transferred with it, and a boundary commission was sent” by the British. In 1852 the Dogras were driven out with 2,000 dead. In 1860 under Ranbir Singh, the Dogras “returned to Gilgit and took Yasin twice, but did not hold it. They also in 1866 invaded Darel, one of the most secluded Dard states, to the south of the Gilgit basin but withdrew again.”

The British appointed a Political Agent in Gilgit in 1877 but he was withdrawn in 1881. “In 1889, in order to guard against the advance of Russia, the British Government, acting as the suzerain power of Kashmir, established the Gilgit Agency”. The Agency was re-established under control of the British Resident in Jammu & Kashmir. “It comprised the Gilgit Wazarat; the State of Hunza and Nagar; the Punial Jagir; the Governorships of Yasin, Kuh-Ghizr and Ishkoman, and Chilas”. In 1935, the British demanded J&K lease to them for 60 years Gilgit town plus most of the Gilgit Agency and the hill-states Hunza, Nagar, Yasin and Ishkuman. Hari Singh had no choice but to acquiesce. The leased region was then treated as part of British India, administered by a Political Agent at Gilgit responsible to Delhi, first through the Resident in J& K and later a British Agent in Peshawar. J& K State no longer kept troops in Gilgit and a mercenary force, the Gilgit Scouts, was recruited with British officers and paid for by Delhi. In April 1947, Delhi decided to formally retrocede the leased areas to Hari Singh’s J& K State as of 15 August 1947. The transfer was to formally take place on 1 August.

On 31 July, Hari Singh’s Governor arrived to find “all the officers of the British Government had opted for service in Pakistan”. The Gilgit Scouts’ commander, a Major William Brown aged 25, and his adjutant, a Captain Mathieson, planned openly to engineer a coup détat against Hari Singh’s Government. Between August and October, Gilgit was in uneasy calm. At midnight on 31 October 1947, the Governor was surrounded by the Scouts and the next day he was “arrested” and a provisional government declared.

Hari Singh’s nearest forces were at Bunji, 34 miles from Gilgit, a few miles downstream from where the Indus is joined by Gilgit River. The 6th J& K Infantry Battalion there was a mixed Sikh-Muslim unit, typical of the State’s Army, commanded by a Lt Col. Majid Khan. Bunji controlled the road to Srinagar. Further upstream was Skardu, capital of Baltistan, part of Laddakh District where there was a small garrison. Following Brown’s coup in Gilgit, Muslim soldiers of the 6th Infantry massacred their Sikh brothers-at-arms at Bunji. The few Sikhs who survived escaped to the hills and from there found their way to the garrison at Skardu.

On 4 November 1947, Brown raised the new Pakistani flag in the Scouts’ lines, and by the third week of November a Political Agent from Pakistan had established himself at Gilgit. Brown had engineered Gilgit and its adjoining states to first secede from J&K, and, after some talk of being independent, had promptly acceded to Pakistan. His commander in Peshawar, a Col. Bacon, as well as Col. Iskander Mirza, Defence Secretary in the new Pakistan and later to lead the first military coup détat and become President of Pakistan, were pleased enough. In July 1948, Brown was awarded an MBE (Military) and the British Governor of the NWFP got him a civilian job with ICI~ which however sent him to Calcutta, where he came to be attacked and left for dead on the streets by Sikhs avenging the Bunji massacre. Brown survived, returned to England, started a riding school, and died in 1984. In March 1994, Pakistan awarded his widow the Sitara-I-Pakistan in recognition of his coup détat.

Gilgit’s ordinary people had not participated in Brown’s coup which carried their fortunes into the new Pakistan, and to this day appear to remain without legislative representation. It was merely assumed that since they were mostly Muslim in number they would wish to be part of Pakistan ~ which also became Liaquat Ali Khan’s assumption about J&K State as a whole in his 1950 statements in North America. What the Gilgit case demonstrates is that J&K State’s descent into a legal condition of ownerless anarchy open to “Military Decision” had begun even before the Pakistani invasion of 22 October 1947 (viz. “Solving Kashmir”, The Statesman, 1-3 December 2005). Also, whatever else the British said or did with respect to J & K, they were closely allied to the new Pakistan on the matter of Gilgit.

The peak of Pakistan’s Anglo-American alliance came with the enormous support in the 1980s to guerrilla forces created and headquartered in Peshawar, to battle the USSR and Afghan communists directly across the Durand Line. It was this guerrilla war which became a proximate cause of the collapse of the USSR as a political entity in 1991. President Ronald Reagan’s CIA chief William J. Casey sent vast sums in 1985-1988 to supply and train these guerrillas. The Washington Post and New Yorker reported the CIA training guerrillas “in the use of mortars, rocket grenades, ground-to-air missiles”. 200 hand-held Stinger missiles were supplied for the first time in 1986 and the New Yorker reported Gulbudin Hikmatyar’s “Hizbe Islami” guerrillas being trained to bring down Soviet aircraft. “Mujahideen had been promised two Stingers for every Soviet aircraft brought down. Operators who failed to aim correctly were given additional training… By 1986, the United States was so deeply involved in the Afghan war that Soviet aircraft were being brought down under the supervision of American experts”. (Raja Anwar, The Tragedy of Afghanistan, 1988, p. 234).

The budding US-China détente brokered by Pakistan came into full bloom here. NBC News on 7 January 1980 said “for the first time in history (a senior State Department official) publicly admitted the possibility of concluding a military alliance between the United States and China”. London’s Daily Telegraph reported on 5 January 1980 “China is flying large supplies of arms and ammunition to the insurgents in Afghanistan. According to diplomatic reports, supplies have arrived in Pakistan from China via the Karakoram Highway…. A major build-up of Chinese involvement is underway ~ in the past few days. Scores of Chinese instructors have arrived at the Shola-e-Javed camps.”

Afghan reports in 1983-1985 said “there were eight training camps near the Afghan border operated by the Chinese in Sinkiang province” and that China had supplied the guerrillas “with a variety of weapons including 40,000 RPG-7 and 20,000 RPG-II anti tank rocket launchers.” Like Pakistan, “China did not publicly admit its involvement in the Afghan conflict: in 1985 the Chinese Mission at the UN distributed a letter denying that China was extending any kind of help to the Afghan rebels” (Anwar, ibid. p. 234). Support extended deep and wide across the Arab world. “The Saudi and Gulf rulers … became the financial patrons of the Afghan rebels from the very start of the conflict”. Anwar Sadat, having won the Nobel Peace Prize, was “keen to claim credit for his role in Afghanistan…. by joining the Afghanistan jihad, Sadat could re-establish his Islamic credentials, or so he believed. He could thus not only please the Muslim nations but also place the USA and Israel in his debt.” Sadat’s Defence Minister said in January 1980: “Army camps have been opened for the training of Afghan rebels; they are being supplied with weapons from Egypt” and Sadat told NBC News on 22 September 1981 “that for the last twenty-one months, the USA had been buying arms from Egypt for the Afghan rebels. He said he had been approached by the USA in December 1979 and he had decided to `open my stores’. He further disclosed that these arms were being flown to Pakistan from Egypt by American aircraft. Egypt had vast supplies of SAM-7 and RPG-7 anti-aircraft and anti-tank weapons which Sadat agreed to supply to Afghanistan in exchange for new American arms. The Soviet weapons, being light, were ideally suited to guerrilla warfare. … the Mujahideen could easily claim to have captured them from Soviet and Afghan troops in battle.… Khomeini’s Iran got embroiled in war (against Iraq) otherwise Kabul would also have had to contend with the full might of the Islamic revolutionaries.” (Anwar ibid. p. 235).

Afghanistan had been occupied on 26-27 December 1979 by Soviet forces sent by the decrepit Leonid Brezhnev and Yuri Andropov to carry out a putsch replacing one communist, Hafizullah Amin, with a rival communist and Soviet protégé, Babrak Karmal. By 1985 Brezhnev and Andropov were dead and Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev had begun his attempts to reform the Soviet system, usher in openness, end the Cold War and in particular withdraw from Afghanistan, which by 1986 he had termed “a bleeding wound”. Gorbachev replaced Karmal with a new protégé Najibullah Khan, who was assigned the impossible task of bringing about national reconciliation with the Pakistan-based guerrillas and form a national government. Soviet forces withdrew from Afghanistan in February 1989 having lost 14,500 dead, while more than a million Afghans had been killed since the invasion a decade earlier.

Not long after Russia’s Bolshevik Revolution, Gregory Zinoviev had said that international communism “turns today to the peoples of the East and says to them, `Brothers, we summon you to a Holy War first of all against British imperialism!’ At this there were cries of Jehad! Jehad! And much brandishing of picturesque Oriental weapons.” (Treadgold, Twentieth Century Russia, 1990, p. 213). Now instead, the Afghan misadventure had contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Empire itself, the USSR ceasing to be a political entity by 1991, and even Gorbachev being displaced by Boris Yeltsin and later Vladimir Putin in a new Russia.

What resulted for the people of the USA and Britain and the West in general was that they no longer had to live under threat of hostile Soviet tanks and missiles, while the people of Russia, Ukraine and the other erstwhile Soviet republics as well as Eastern Europe were able to throw off the yoke of communism that had oppressed them since the Bolshevik Revolution and instead to breathe the air of freedom.

What happened to the people of Afghanistan, however, was that they were plunged into further ghastly civil war for more than ten years. And what happened to the people of Pakistan was that their country was left resembling a gigantic Islamist military camp, awash with airfields, arms, ammunition and trained guerrillas, as well as a military establishment enlivened as always by perpetual hope that these supplies, provisions and personnel of war might find alternative use in attacks against India over J& K. “We helped you when you wished to see the Soviet Union defeated and withdrawing in Afghanistan”, Pakistan’s generals and diplomats pleaded with the Americans and British, “now you must help us in our wish to see India defeated and withdrawing in Kashmir”. Pakistan’s leaders even believed that just as the Soviet Union had disintegrated afterwards, the Indian Union perhaps might be made to do the same. Not only were the two cases as different as chalk from cheese, Palmerstone’s dictum there are no permanent allies in the politics of nations could not have found more apt use than in what actually came to take place next.

Pakistan’s generals and diplomats felt betrayed by the loss of Anglo-American paternalism towards them after 1989.

Modern Pakistanis had never felt they subscribed to the Indian nationalist movement culminating in independence in August 1947. The Pakistani state now finally declared its independence in the world by exploding bombs in a nuclear arsenal secretly created with help purchased from China and North Korea. Pakistan’s leaders thus came to feel in some control of Pakistan’s destiny as a nation-state for the first time, more than fifty years after Pakistan’s formal creation in 1947. If nothing else, at least they had the Bomb.

Secondly, America and its allies would not be safe for long since the civil war they had left behind in Afghanistan while trying to defeat the USSR now became a brew from which arose a new threat of violent Islamism. Osama bin Laden and the Taliban, whom Pakistan’s military and the USA had promoted, now encouraged unprecedented attacks on the American mainland on September 11 2001 ~ causing physical and psychological damage which no Soviet, Chinese or Cuban missiles ever had been allowed to do. In response, America attacked and removed the Taliban regime in Afghanistan, once again receiving the cooperative use of Pakistani manpower and real estate ~ except now there was no longer any truck with the Pakistani establishment’s wish for a quid pro quo of Anglo-American support against India on J&K. Pakistan’s generals and diplomats soon realised their Anglo-American alliance of more than a half-century ended on September 11 2001. Their new cooperation was in killing or arresting and handing over fellow-Muslims and necessarily lacked their earlier feelings of subservience and ingratiation towards the Americans and British, and came to be done instead under at least some duress. No benefit could be reaped any more in the fight against India over Jammu & Kashmir. An era had ended in the subcontinent.

FIVE

“AN INDIAN REPLY TO PRESIDENT ZARDARI: REWARDING PAKISTAN FOR BAD BEHAVIOUR LEADS TO SCHIZOPHRENIC RELATIONSHIPS” by Subroto Roy, December 17 2008

Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari’s recent argument in the New York Times resembles closely the well-known publications of his ambassador to the United States, Mr Husain Haqqani. Unfortunately, this Zardari-Haqqani thesis about Pakistan’s current predicament in the world and the world’s predicament with Pakistan is shot through with clear factual and logical errors. These need to be aired because true or useful conclusions cannot be reached from mistaken premises or faulty reasoning.

1. Origins of Pakistan, India, J&K, and their mutual problems

Mr Zardari makes the following seemingly innocuous statement:

“…. the two great nations of Pakistan and India, born together from the same revolution and mandate in 1947, must continue to move forward with the peace process.”

Now as a matter of simple historical fact, the current entities in the world system known as India and Pakistan were not “born together from the same revolution and mandate in 1947”. It is palpably false to suppose they were and Pakistanis indulge in wishful thinking and self-deception about their own political history if they suppose this.

India’s Republic arose out of the British Dominion known as “India” which was the legal successor of the entity known previously in international law as “British India”. British India had had secular governance and so has had the Indian Republic.

By contrast, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan arose out of a newly created state in international law known as the British Dominion of Pakistan, consisting of designated territory carved out of British India by a British decision and coming into existence one day before British India extinguished itself. (Another new state, Bangladesh, later seceded from Pakistan.)

The British decision to create territory designated “Pakistan” had nothing to do with any anti-British “revolution” or “mandate” supported by any Pakistani nationalism because there was none. (Rahmat Ali’s anti-Hindu pamphleteering in London could be hardly considered Pakistani nationalism against British rule. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan’s Pashtun patriots saw themselves as Indian, not Pakistani.)

To the contrary, the British decision had to do with a small number of elite Pakistanis — MA Jinnah foremost among them — demanding not to be part of the general Indian nationalist movement that had been demanding a British departure from power in the subcontinent. Jinnah’s separatist party, the Muslim League, was trounced in the 1937 provincial elections in all the Muslim-majority areas of British India that would eventually become Pakistan. Despite this, in September 1939, Britain, at war with Nazi Germany, chose to elevate the political power of Jinnah and his League to parity with the general Indian nationalist movement led by MK Gandhi. (See, Francis Robinson, in William James and Subroto Roy (eds), Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s.) Britain needed India’s mostly Muslim infantry-divisions — the progenitors of the present-day Pakistan Army — and if that meant tilting towards a risky political idea of “Pakistan” in due course, so it would be. The thesis that Pakistan arose from any kind of “revolution” or “mandate” in 1947 is fantasy — the Muslim super-elite that invented and endorsed the Pakistan idea flew from Delhi to Karachi in chartered BOAC Dakotas, caring not a hoot about the vulnerability of ordinary Muslim masses to Sikh and Hindu majority wrath and retaliation on the ground.

Modern India succeeded to the rights and obligations of British India in international law, and has had a recognized existence as a state since at least the signing of the Armistice and Treaty of Versailles in 1918-1919. India was a founding member of the United Nations, being a signatory of the 1945 San Francisco Declaration, and an original member of the Bretton Woods institutions. An idea put forward by Argentina that as of 1947 India and Pakistan were both successor states of British India was rejected by the UN (Argentina withdrew its own suggestion), and it was universally acknowledged India was already a member of the UN while Pakistan would have to (and did) apply afresh for membership as a newly created state in the UN. Pakistan’s entry into the UN had the enthusiastic backing of India and was opposed by only one existing UN member, Afghanistan, due to a conflict that continues to this day over the legitimacy of the Durand Line that bifurcated the Pashtun areas.

Such a review of elementary historical facts and the position in law of Pakistan and India is far from being of merely pedantic interest today. Rather, it goes directly to the logical roots of the conflict over the erstwhile State of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) — a state that itself originated as an entity in the world system a full century before Pakistan was to do so and more than half a century before British India did, but which would collapse into anarchy and civil war in 1947-1949.

Britain (or England) had been a major nation-state in the world system recognized since Grotius first outlined modern international law. On March 16 1846, Britain entered into a treaty, the Treaty of Amritsar, with one Gulab Singh, and the “State of Jammu & Kashmir” came to arise as a recognizable entity in international law for the first time. (See my “History of Jammu and Kashmir” published in The Statesman, Oct 29-30 2006, available elsewhere here.)

Jammu & Kashmir continued in orderly existence as a state until it crashed into legal and political anarchy and civil war a century later. The new Pakistan had entered into a “Standstill Agreement” with the State of Jammu & Kashmir as of August 15 1947. On or about October 22 1947, Pakistan unilaterally ended that Standstill Agreement and instead caused military forces from its territory to attack the State of Jammu & Kashmir along the Mansehra Road towards Baramula and Srinagar, coinciding too with an Anglo-Pakistani coup d’etat in Gilgit and Baltistan (see my “Solving Kashmir”; “Law, Justice & J&K”; “Pakistan’s Allies”, all published in The Statesman in 2005-2006 and available elsewhere here).

The new Pakistan had chosen, in all deliberation, to forswear law, politics and diplomacy and to resort to force of arms instead in trying to acquire J&K for itself via a military decision. It succeeded only partially. Its forces took and then lost both Baramula and Kargil; they may have threatened Leh but did not attempt to take it; they did take and retain Muzaffarabad and Skardu; they were never near taking the summer capital, Srinagar, though might have threatened the winter capital, Jammu.

All in all, a Ceasefire Line came to be demarcated on the military positions as of February 1 1949. After a war in 1971 that accompanied the secession of Bangladesh from Pakistan, that Ceasefire Line came to be renamed the “Line of Control” between Pakistan and India. An ownerless entity may be acquired by force of arms — the erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir in 1947-1949 had become an ownerless entity that had been dismembered and divided according to military decision following an armed conflict between Pakistan and India. The entity in the world system known as the “State of Jammu & Kashmir” created on March 16 1846 by Gulab Singh’s treaty with the British ceased to exist as of October 22 1947. Pakistan had started the fight over J&K but there is a general rule of conflicts that he who starts a fight does not get to finish it.

Such is the simplest and most practical statement of the history of the current problem. The British, through their own compulsions and imperial pretensions, raised all the talk about a “Lapse of Paramountcy” of the British Crown over the “Native Princes” of “Indian India”, and of how, the “Native Princes” were required to “accede” to either India or Pakistan. This ignored Britain’s own constitutional law. BR Ambedkar pointed out with unsurpassed clarity that no “Lapse of Paramountcy” was possible even for a single logical moment since “Paramountcy” over any “Native Princes” who had not joined India or Pakistan as of August 15 1947, automatically passed from British India to its legal successor, namely, the Dominion of India. It followed that India’s acquiescence was required for any subsequent accession to Pakistan – an acquiescence granted in case of Chitral and denied in case of Junagadh.

What the Republic of India means by saying today that boundaries cannot be redrawn nor any populations forcibly transferred is quite simply that the division of erstwhile J&K territory is permanent, and that sovereignty over it is indivisible. What Pakistan has claimed is that India has been an occupier and that there are many people inhabiting the Indian area who may not wish to be Indian nationals and who are being compelled against their will to remain so ~ forgetting to add that precisely the same could be said likewise of the Pakistani-held area. The lawful solution I proposed in “Solving Kashmir, “Law, Justice and J&K” and other works has been that the Republic of India invite every person covered under its Article 370, citizen-by-citizen, under a condition of full information, to privately and without fear decide, if he/she has not done so already, between possible Indian, Iranian, Afghan or Pakistani nationalities ~ granting rights and obligations of permanent residents to any of those persons who may choose for whatever private reason not to remain Indian nationals. If Pakistan acted likewise, the problem of J&K would indeed come to be resolved. The Americans, as self-appointed mediators, have said they wish “the people of the region to have a voice” in a solution: there can be no better expression of such voice than allowing individuals to privately choose their own nationalities and their rights and responsibilities accordingly. The issue of territorial sovereignty is logically distinct from that of the choice of nationality by individual inhabitants.

2. Benazir’s assassination falsely compared to the Mumbai massacres
Secondly, President Zardari draws a mistaken comparison between the assassination last year of his wife, Benazir Bhutto, and the Mumbai massacres a few weeks ago. Ms Bhutto’s assassination may resemble more closely the assassinations in India of Indira Gandhi in 1984 and Rajiv Gandhi in 1991.

Indira Gandhi died in “blowback” from the unrest she and her younger son and others in their party had opportunistically fomented among Sikh fundamentalists and sectarians since the late 1970s. Rajiv Gandhi died in “blowback” from an erroneous imperialistic foreign policy that he, as Prime Minister, had been induced to make by jingoistic Indian diplomats, a move that got India’s military needlessly involved in the then-nascent Sri Lankan civil war. Benazir Bhutto similarly may be seen to have died in “blowback” from her own political activity as prime minister and opposition leader since the late 1980s, including her own encouragement of Muslim fundamentalist forces. Certainly in all three cases, as in all assassinations, there were lapses of security too and imprudent political judgments made that contributed to the tragic outcomes.

Ms Bhutto’s assassination has next to nothing to do with the Mumbai massacres, besides the fact the perpetrators in both cases were Pakistani terrorists. President Zardari saying he himself has lost his wife to terrorism is true but not relevant to the proper diagnosis of the Mumbai massacres or to Pakistan-India relations in general. Rather, it serves to deflect criticism and condemnation of the Pakistani state’s pampered handing of Pakistan’s terrorist masterminds, as well as the gross irresponsibility of Pakistan’s military scientists (not AQ Khan) who have been recently advocating a nuclear first strike against India in the event of war.

3. Can any religious nation-state be viable in the modern world?

President Zardari’s article says:

“The world worked to exploit religion against the Soviet Union in Afghanistan by empowering the most fanatic extremists as an instrument of destruction of a superpower. The strategy worked, but its legacy was the creation of an extremist militia with its own dynamic.”

This may be overly simplistic. As pointed out in my article “Pakistan’s Allies”, Gregory Zinoviev himself after the Bolshevik Revolution had declared that international communism “turns today to the peoples of the East and says to them, ‘Brothers, we summon you to a Holy War first of all against British imperialism!’ At this there were cries of Jehad! Jehad! And much brandishing of picturesque Oriental weapons.” (Treadgold, Twentieth Century Russia, 1990, p. 213). For more than half of the 20th century, orthodox Muslims had been used by Soviet communists against British imperialism, then by the British and Americans (through Pakistan) against Soviet communism. Touché! Blowback and counter-blowback! The real question that arises from this today may be why orthodox Muslims have allowed themselves to be used either way by outside forces and have failed in developing a modern nation-state and political culture of their own. Europe and America only settled down politically after their religious wars were over. Perhaps no religious nation-state is viable in the modern world.

4. Pakistan’s behaviour leads to schizophrenia in international relations

President Zardari pleads for, or perhaps demands, resources from the world:

“the best response to the Mumbai carnage is to coordinate in counteracting the scourge of terrorism. The world must act to strengthen Pakistan’s economy and democracy, help us build civil society and provide us with the law enforcement and counterterrorism capacities that will enable us to fight the terrorists effectively.”

Six million pounds from Mr Gordon Brown, so much from here or there etc – President Zardari has apparently demanded 100 billion dollars from America and that is the price being talked about for Pakistan to dismantle its nuclear weapons and be brought under an American “nuclear umbrella” instead.

I have pointed out elsewhere that what Pakistan seems to have been doing in international relations for decades is send out “mixed messages” – i.e. contradictory signals, whether in thought, word or deed. Clinical psychologists following the work of Gregory Bateson would say this leads to confusion among Pakistan’s interlocutors (a “double bind”) and the symptoms arise of what may be found in schizophrenic relationships. (See my article “Do President-elect Obama’s Pakistan specialists believe…”; on the “double bind” theory, an article I chanced to publish in the Journal of Genetic Psychology, 1986, may be of interest).

Here are a typical set of “mixed messages” emanating from Pakistan’s government and opinion-makers:

“We have nuclear weapons
“We keep our nuclear weapons safe from any misuse or unauthorized use
“We are willing to use nuclear weapons in a first strike against India
“We do not comprehend the lessons of Hiroshima-Nagasaki
“We do not comprehend the destruction India will visit upon us if we strike them
“We are dangerous so we must not be threatened in any way
“We are peace-loving and want to live in peace with India and Afghanistan
“We love to play cricket with India and watch Bollywood movies
“We love our Pakistan Army as it is one public institution that works
“We know the Pakistan Army has backed armed militias against India in the past
“We know these militias have caused terrorist attacks
“We are not responsible for any terrorist attacks
“We do not harbour any terrorists
“We believe the world should pay us to not use or sell our nuclear weapons
“We believe the world should pay us to not encourage the terrorists in our country
“We believe the world should pay us to prevent terrorists from using our nuclear weapons
“We hate India and do not want to become like India
“We love India and want to become like India
“We are India and we are not India…”

Etc.

A mature rational responsible and self-confident Pakistan would have said instead:

“We apologise to India and other countries for the outrageous murders our nationals have committed in Mumbai and elsewhere
“We ask the world to watch how our professional army is deployed to disarm civilian and all “non-state” actors of unauthorized firearms and explosives
“We do not need and will not demand or accept a dollar in any sort of foreign aid, military or civilian, to solve our problems
“We realize our economic and political institutions are a mess and we must clean them up
“We will strive to build a society imbued with what Iqbal described as the spirit of modern times..”

As someone who created at great personal cost at an American university twenty years ago the book Foundations of Pakistan’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s, I have a special interest in hoping that Pakistan shall find the path of wisdom.”

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Origins of India’s Constitutional Politics: Bengal 1913

October 12, 2008 — drsubrotoroy

This is a 1913 photograph of the Indian members of the first Bengal Legislative Council elected (in 1912) after the 1909 Morley-Minto reforms; the members apparently were being greeted by gentlemen of the sub-urban areas south of Calcutta. The Englishman sitting at the centre seems to be Sir Henry Cotton (1845-1915), the 1904 President of the Indian National Congress and a great political friend of India. To his right sits Surendranath Roy, who may have been the Council’s first President.

Academic studies include notably those by JH Broomfield, “The Vote and the Transfer of Power: A Study of the Bengal Election 1912-1913” Journal of Asian Studies, Feb 1962, his book Elite Conflict in a Plural Society: 20th Century Bengal (Berkeley 1968); and Rajat Kanta Ray, Social Conflict and Political Unrest in Bengal 1875-1927 (Oxford 1984). Professor Ray writes about the 1912 election: “Only a few candidates of the “Popular Party” — Surendranath Banerjea, Abul Kasim, Byomkesh Chakravarti and Surendranath Ray — scraped through…. (A) sympathetic moderate wrote in 1919: ‘The Popular Party is a bundle of disjoined units which cannot resist the slightest pressure from without.’ This charge was eventually disproved by the stand taken by (the Popular Party) in the Bengal Legislative Council. It showed no sign of wilting under the pressure exerted by the European group…”

Other studies of the period include John R McLane, Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress (Princeton 1977), Anil Seal, The Emergence of Indian Nationalism (Cambridge 1971), Gordon Johnson, Provincial Politics and Indian Nationalism (Cambridge 1973) etc.

By way of incidental reference, the young Jawaharlal Nehru had returned from his studies in England in 1912; MK Gandhi was still in South Africa and would not be returning until 1915. The Tilak-Gokhale clash though had been in full swing since 1907.

Subroto Roy

Nota Bene: The text and photograph in this post may be considered in the public domain and may be freely used for purposes of a Wikipedia article or any other publication in the common interest.

On Indian Nationhood (2007)

May 25, 2007 — drsubrotoroy

On Indian Nationhood
From Tamils To Kashmiris And Assamese And Mizos To Sikhs And Goans

First published in The Statesman, Editorial Page

May 25 2007

By Subroto Roy

In the decades before 1947, imperialist critics of Indian nationalism accused the movement of being less about creating Indian nationhood than about supplanting British rule with local Indian oligarchies. Sydenham, for example, in the upper house of Britain’s Parliament in August 1918, gleefully quoted from the “Madras Dravidian Hindu Association” (forerunners of today’s DMK etc): “We shall fight to the last drop of our blood any attempt to transfer the seat of authority in this country from British hands to so-called high-caste Hindus, who have ill-treated us in the past and will do so again but for the protection of British laws.” Also quoted were “Namasudras of Bengal”, allegedly numbering “ten million men”, protesting “gross misrepresentation” by “so-called high-caste leaders” of the desirability of “Home Rule or self-government”. Besides caste and class there was always religion too by which India’s inhabitants could be classified and divided, and it must have delighted Sydenham to quote the “South Indian Islamic League” saying “Nothing should be done which will weaken British authority in any manner whatsoever, and hand over the destinies of the Moslem community to a class which has no regard for their interests and no respect for their sentiments”.

Home Rule League

Sydenham was attacking the Montagu-Chelmsford Report which had stated that India had “a core of earnest men who believe sincerely and strive for political progress; around them a ring of less educated people to whom a phrase or a sentiment appeals; and an outside fringe of those who have been described as attracted by curiosity to this new thing, or who find diversions in attacking a big and very solemn Government as urchins might take a perilous joy at casting toy darts at an elephant.”

Annie Besant, herself an Englishwoman, was, along with BG Tilak and MA Jinnah, a pioneer of Indian nationalism at the time and headed the new Indian Home Rule League on the Irish pattern. The League stated its membership at 52,000. Sydenham multiplied that by five and asked if a quarter million could purport to rule 244 millions in an Indian democracy. Where, he demanded, was the “voice that cannot yet be heard, the voice of the peoples of India”? The imperialist jibe was that the British Raj would be replaced at best by a “Vakil Raj” of “high-caste” Hindus and at worst by anarchy and bloodshed.

Thirty years later India’s was partitioned and independent under Attlee’s Labour Party. Churchill took over the imperialist mantle and found solace in the new India agreeing to remain in Britain’s “Commonwealth”, saying that India doing so as a Republic did not impair “the majesty of the Crown or the personal dignity of the King”.

The ghosts of Churchill and Sydenham today would heartily cheer our Republic’s current President APJ Abdul Kalam agreeing to receive the “King Charles II Medal” from the Royal Society, and our current PM Manmohan Singh accepting honorary British degrees also while in office. Britain’s Crown Prince has proposed a cricket match between India and Pakistan to mark the 60th anniversary of 1947, and what, after all, could be less inappropriate to mark the event in British eyes? All that Indian nationalism would have been firmly put in its place.

Now Pakistan mostly goes unmentioned in the history of Indian nationalism because the new Pakistanis as of 14 August 1947 hardly felt or even wished to be independent of the British. Instead they longed only to acquire control over any kind of Muslim-majority Government that they could, and as much of the resources and joint military assets of the old India they could get their hands on.

The Kashmir dispute and India-Pakistan conflict have not been ones between Hindus and Muslims, regardless of what the BBC, CNN etc make themselves believe. As much as for any other reason, Kashmir escalated out of control because of British irresponsibility during the process of disintegration of the old Indian Army between the two new Dominions. Newly demobilised Mirpuri soldiers who had formed loyal British battalions were drawn into the cycle of Partition-related communal violence and reprisals in Punjab, which inevitably spilt over into Jammu and culminated in the attack on J&K State that commenced from Pakistan’s NWFP in October 1947 ~ plunging J&K into civil war with Sheikh Abdullah and Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad’s National Conference allied to the new secular India and Sardar Ibrahim’s Muslim Conference allied to the new and soon to be Islamic Pakistan. Field Marshal Auchinlek, the Supreme Commander of both Indian and Pakistani Armed Forces, had the decency to resign and abolish the so-called “Supreme Command” as soon as he realised his own forces were at war with one another.

It would not be too inaccurate to say Pakistan and Britain continued in a neo-colonial relationship throughout the 1950s and 1960s ~ all the way until Ayub Khan (who had been warmly entertained at Chequers during the Christine Keeler-Profumo matter), overplayed his hand by attacking India in 1965. That war followed by the East Pakistan cyclone in 1969 brought to a head the inherent political contradictions of the Pakistani state accumulated until that time, and soon led to Bangladesh’s creation in 1971. Britain has had no real interest in Bangladesh but as Pakistan had allowed dual nationality with Britain, Britain found itself with a lot of Bangladeshi immigrants whose “Indian” restaurants give modern Britons today something to look forward to every weekend.

Britain and its American ally continued to have deep interests in Pakistan, mostly because of the geopolitical importance of Pakistani real estate and the generally obsequious and compliant nature of the Pakistani military and diplomatic elite. All that began to change fundamentally when the real declaration of Pakistani independence occurred in the world with the AQ Khan nuclear bombs exploding in 1998 followed by the September 11 2001 attacks upon the USA.

Nationalism today

As for ourselves in India, we have developed some coherent and recognisable design of a modern political economy with a Union Government and more than two dozen State Governments, and we have abolished the imperialist lackeys known as the “princes”. Our Governments at Union and State levels change peacefully by periodic elections under the 1950 Constitution. This in itself would be seen as an astonishing democratic achievement relative to where we were one hundred years ago at the time of the Morley-Minto policies. Thanks to Jawaharlal Nehru, we have had universal franchise since 1952 (at a time when the USA still had its Jim Crow laws against black citizens) ~ yet the imperialist jibe of an infinitesimally small elite purporting to represent hundreds of millions of India’s people remains to be addressed.

It would be interesting to know how many descendants of the 52,000 members of Annie Besant’s Home Rule League remain in India and how many have emigrated to the USA, Britain, Australia etc. The children of our top military, bureaucratic, business, professional and academic elite have cheerfully led an exodus out of the country. E.g. the son of a former commanding general of the Indian Army’s Artillery Regiment is now a British businessman and member of Tony Blair’s new House of Lords. Indian Nationhood in the 21st Century no longer has to include Bangladeshis and Pakistanis who have ended up seeking to develop their own nationalisms, but it remains hard enough to try to include everyone else ~ from Tamils to Kashmiris and from Assamese and Mizos to Sikhs and Goans. Cleaning up our government accounting and sorting out our public finances nationwide so as to establish a sound money for everyone to use for the first time in sixty or seventy years, is among the first steps in defining our common goals as an independent nation.

(Postscript: The original text stated Independence and Paritition came “forty years” after the only date mentioned until that point in the text, which is of the 1918 Montagu-Chelmsford period. Unconsciously, I was counting from the Morley-Minto period of 1906-1908 which was the constitutional precedent to Montagu-Chelmsford.)

Posted in Annie Besant, Asia and the West, Attlee, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bangladesh, Bengal, Britain, Britain in India, Britain's immigrant communities, Britain's monarchy, British foreign policy, British history, Democracy, DMK, Government of India, Imperialism, India's Army, India's Caste/Ethnic Problems, India's Constitution, India's constitutional politics, India's Democracy, India's emigrants to the West, India's History, India's independence, India's Jurisprudence, India's Macroeconomics, India's Monetary & Fiscal Policy, India's Nationalism, India's nomenclatura, India's Parliament, India's Partition, India's Politics, India's Polity, India's Public Finance, India's State Finances, India-Pakistan peace process, Indian National Congress Origins, Indian subcontinent, Jammu & Kashmir, Jawaharlal Nehru, MA Jinnah, Manmohan Singh, Pakistan's diplomacy, Pakistan's history, Pakistan's nuclear weapons, Pakistan's politics, Pakistan, Balochistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Political Economy, Winston Churchill. Leave a Comment »

Hypocrisy of the CPI-M

January 9, 2007 — drsubrotoroy

Hypocrisy of the CPI-M

Political Collapse In Bengal: A Mid-Term Election/Referendum Is Necessary

First published in The Statesman, Editorial Page Special Article, January 9 2007,

By Subroto Roy

For the 1991 Assembly elections, I happened to draft the West Bengal Congress’s election manifesto although I was not then or ever a member of that or any other party. There was no Trinamul but its future leader had made her jibe of there being watermelons who were red inside and green outside, aptly in case of a few senior leaders. The manifesto quoted George Orwell’s denunciation of communist ruling classes, and was so hard-hitting that the CPI-M’s Sailen Dasgupta came out with a statement he had never read a Congress manifesto that had been so harsh on them; privately, I took that to be a compliment though the Congress of course lost the election. There is no one in Bengal who does not want to see Bengal prosper, and the most candid vigorous political conversation is necessary to discover what in fact is true and what ought or not to be done.

Democratic norms

The functioning of the Basu-Bhattacharjee CPI-M is quite utterly amazing. It deserves to be called such because of the seamless transfer of power that occurred between the two men in November 2000. The Chief Minister in a parliamentary democracy is supposed to have the confidence of the House, yet when Jyoti Basu stopped being CM and anointed Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee to succeed him, not even a perfunctory vote of confidence was asked for in the House ~ a fact I brought to the attention of the-then editor of The Statesman who agreed with me it signified the CPI-M’s contempt for the parliamentary institution they have been ruling over for decades. By contrast, there is already talk in Britain of an early general election as soon as Gordon Brown takes over from Tony Blair.

It is the same contempt for democratic parliamentary norms that Mr Bhattacharjee and company reveal today in pushing through their diabolical plan to acquire farmers’ lands on behalf of their businessmen friends.

All of 37% of those voting in the 2006 Assembly Elections voted for the CPI-M. By contrast, 41.2% voted for Trinamul and Congress together. Add also the 11.4% of those who voted for the Forward Bloc, RSP and CPI all of whom though part of the Left Front have been opposing the CPI-M on this cardinal issue. That constitutes prima facie evidence that a majority of 52.6% vs. 37% of voters may oppose the CPI-M’s present course of action. Mr Bhattacharjee heads a Government that is supposed to act not merely in the interest of members or groups of his own party or those who have flattered or financed it, but everyone in West Bengal including those who voted against the CPI-M as well as those who did not vote at all.

Gerhard Schröder dissolved the German Bundestag in 2005 though his own party held a majority there. He did so merely because his party lost a provincial election and he felt that indicated loss of confidence in it at the federal level also. Such is how genuine modern democracies work. In India to the contrary, we have had notorious misuse of the Constitution when State Governments were dissolved merely because they were ruled by parties opposed to that which had won a Union-level General Election. Even so, India remains a Parliamentary democracy at Union and State levels, and the Government of the day may advise the Head of State to dissolve the House and call for new elections to be held. It may do so even when there is no legal necessity to do so, i.e., even when it is secure with a majority of seats. It may do so because a political necessity has arisen for doing so.

If Mr Bhattacharjee is a genuine democrat, as he wishes to convey an impression of being, he should advise the Governor to dissolve the Assembly because the CPI-M wishes to go to the people to seek a mandate for its plans for the State’s industrialisation and forced acquisition of farm lands towards that end. The Trinamul, Congress, SUCI, Maoists and others including perhaps the CPI, FB, RSP and others will state their opposition, while he, Mr Nirupam Sen and their party will be able to articulate for West Bengal’s voters exactly what they propose to do and why. The CPI-M is adamant its cause is right while the Opposition have been agitating in the streets for months, and miniature civil war conditions now prevail in parts of rural Bengal; worse may be yet to come. There is only one way in a supposedly democratic society like ours to discover what should be done, and that is to dissolve the Assembly and call an election. Both sides will have a chance to articulate their positions to the public, and a vote will be held. There the matter would end. It is the one constructive way forward for the State, and indeed for the nation as a whole. (Alternatively, the Governor could be advised to request the Election Commission to administer India’s first referendum on a single agreed-upon question like “The West Bengal Government’s industrialisation and land-acquisition plan deserves citizens’ support: Yes/No”.)

If an Assembly election comes to be called and the CPI-M falls below a pre-set target of the vote-share, say 33%, or the Left Front below, say, 45%, then Mr Bhattacharjee, even if he commands a majority of seats again, will know he has no mandate and that he must stop and reconsider what he is doing. As I have said in these columns, West Bengal’s main economic problems are financial, having to do with Rs. 92 billion (Rs 9,200 crore) being paid as annual interest on the State Public Debt in 2004, and this may reach Rs 200 billion shortly. Economic development of the State has precious little to do with private businessmen making small cars or motorcycles or putting up buildings for information technology institutes, as Mr Bhattacharjee and his Government have deluded themselves into believing.

CPI-M 2003 statement
Besides its lack of democratic mandate, what surprises most about the modern CPI-M is its sheer hypocrisy. This is a party whose “Central Committee” in June 2003 in Kolkata condemned “non-Left State Governments” for allegedly “giving away thousands of hectares of land either on sale or on lease at throw-away prices to multinational companies and domestic monopolists”, and the Union Government for allegedly issuing “a circular calling for forcible eviction of lakhs of adivasis from the land”. The Basu-Bhattacharjee CPI-M is now clearly hoist with its own petard. Tilak said that what Bengal thinks today, India will think tomorrow. It was not for nothing that he said it. If the CPI-M refers the land-acquisition question to the people in a free and fair election or referendum today, it will set a positive precedent for other States and parties in the country. If instead it pushes forward its current diabolical plans, the example it will have set will be one of initiating a class war in reverse, where the poor shall become poorer and the rich richer. India’s poorest consist of those rural inhabitants without land, and Government would have deliberately contributed to their numbers swelling.

(Author’s Note March 2007: The original article in its first paragraph referred mistakenly to Promode Dasgupta when Sailen Dasgupta had been meant, an error corrected in the next day’s paper.)

On a Liberal Party for India

October 22, 2006 — drsubrotoroy

NON-EXISTENT LIBERALS

By SUBROTO ROY

First published in The Sunday Statesman October 22 2006, Editorial Page Special Article

Communists, socialists and fascists exist in the Left, Congress and BJP-RSS ~ but there is a conservative/”classical liberal” party missing in Indian democracy today

We in India have sorely needed for many years a serious “classical liberal” or “conservative” political party. Major democratic countries used to have such parties which paid lip-service at least to “classical liberal” principles. But the 2003 attack on Iraq caused Bush/McCain-Republicans to merge with Hilary-Democrats, and Blair-Labour with Tory neocons, all united in a cause of collective mendacity, self-delusion and jingoism over the so-called “war on terror”. The “classical liberal” or “libertarian” elements among the Republicans and Tories find themselves isolated today, just as do pacifist communitarian elements among the Democrats and Labour. There are no obvious international models that a new Indian Liberal Party could look at ~ any models that exist would be very hard to find, perhaps in New Zealand or somewhere in Canada or North Eastern Europe like Estonia. There have been notable individual Indian Liberals though whom it may be still possible to look to for some insight: Gokhale, Sapru, Rajagopalachari and Masani among politicians, Shenoy among economists, as well as many jurists in years and decades gone by.

What domestic political principles would a “classical liberal” or conservative party believe in and want to implement in India today? First of all, the “Rule of Law” and an “Efficient Judiciary”. Secondly, “Family Values” and “Freedom of Religious Belief”. Thirdly, “Limited Government” and a “Responsible Citizenry”. Fourthly, “Sound Money” and “Free Competitive Markets”. Fifthly, “Compassion” and a “Safety Net”. Sixthly, “Education and Health for All”. Seventhly, “Science, not Superstition”. There may be many more items but this in itself would be quite a full agenda for a new Liberal Party to define for India’s electorate of more than a half billion voters, and then win enough of a Parliamentary majority to govern with at the Union-level, besides our more than two dozen States.

The practical policies entailed by these sorts of political slogans would involve first and foremost cleaning up the budgets and accounts of every single governmental entity in the country, namely, the Union, every State, every district and municipality, every publicly funded entity or organisation. Secondly, improving public decision-making capacity so that once budgets and accounts recover from having been gravely sick for decades, there are functioning institutions for their proper future management. Thirdly, resolving J&K in the most lawful and just manner as well as military problems with Pakistan in as practical and efficacious a way as possible today. This is necessary if military budgets are ever going to be drawn down to peacetime levels from levels they have been at ever since the Second World War. How to resolve J&K justly and lawfully has been described in these pages before (The Statesman, “Solving Kashmir” 1-3 December 2005, “Law, Justice and J&K”, 2-3 July 2006).

Cleaning up public budgets and accounts would pari passu stop corruption in its tracks, as well as release resources for valuable public goods and services. A beginning may be made by, for example, tripling the resources every year for three years that are allocated to the Judiciary, School Education and Basic Health, subject to tight systems of performance-audit. Institutions for improved political and administrative decision-making are necessary throughout the country if public preferences with respect to raising and allocating common resources are to be elicited and then translated into actual delivery of public goods and services.

This means inter alia that our often dysfunctional Parliament and State Legislatures have to be inspired by political statesmen (if any such may be found to be encouraged or engendered) to do at least a little of what they have been supposed to be doing. If the Legislative Branch and the Executive it elects are to lead this country, performance-audit will have to begin with them.

The result of healthy public budgets and accounts, and an economy with functioning public goods and services, would be a macroeconomic condition for the paper-rupee to once more become a money that is as good as gold, namely, a convertible world currency again after having suffered sixty years of abuse via endless deficit finance at the hands of first the British and then numerous Governments of free India that have followed.

It may be noticed the domestic aspects of such an agenda oppose almost everything the present Sonia-Manmohan Congress and Jyoti Basu “Left” stand for — whose “politically correct” thoughts and deeds have ruined India’s money and public budgets, bloated India’s Government especially the bureaucracy and the military, starved the Judiciary and damaged the Rule of Law, and gone about overturning Family Values. While there has been endless talk from them about being “pro-poor”, the actual results of their politicization of India’s economy are available to be seen with the naked eye everywhere.

One hundred years from now if our souls returned to visit the areas known today as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh etc, we may well find 500+ million inhabitants still below the same poverty-line despite all the gaseous prime ministerial or governmental rhetoric today and projections about alleged growth-rates.

If the Congress and “Left” must oppose any real “classical liberal” or conservative agenda, we may ask if the BJP-RSS could be conceivably for it. The answer is clearly not. The BJP-RSS may pontificate much about being patriotic to the motherland and about past real or imagined glories of Indian culture and religion, but that hardly ever has translated concretely into anything besides anti-Muslim or anti-Christian rhetoric, or breeding superstitions like astrology even at supposedly top technological institutes in the country. (Why all astrology is humbug, and a pre-Copernican Western import at that, is because all horoscopes assume the Sun rotates around the Earth in a geocentric solar system; the modern West’s scientific outlook arose only after astrology had declined there thanks to Copernicus and Galileo establishing the solar system as heliocentric.)

As for a “classical liberal” economic agenda, the BJP in Government transpired to be as bad if not worse than their adversaries in fiscal and monetary profligacy, except they flattered and were flattered by the organised capital of the big business lobbies whereas their adversaries flatter and are flattered by the organised power of the big labour unions (covering a tiny privileged class among India’s massive workforce). Neither has had the slightest interest in the anonymous powerless individual Indian citizen or household. The BJP in Opposition, instead of seeking to train and educate a new modern principled conservative leadership, appear to wish to regress even further back towards their very own brand of coarse fascism. “Family Values” are why Indian school-children have become the envy of the world in their keen discipline and anxiety to learn – yet even there the BJP had nothing to say on Sonia Gandhi’s pet bill on women’s property rights, whose inevitable result will be further conflict between daughters and daughters-in-law of normal Indian families.

At the root of the malaise of our political parties may be the fact we have never had any kind of grassroots “orange” revolution. There has been also an underlying national anxiety of disintegration and disorder from which the idea of a “strong Centre” follows, which has effectively meant a Delhi bloated with power and swimming in self-delusion. The BJP and Left are prisoners of their geriatric leaderships and rather unpleasant ideologies and interest-groups, while the Congress has failed to invent or adopt any ideology besides sycophancy. Let it be remembered Sonia Gandhi had been genuinely disdainful of the idea of leading that party at Rajiv’s death; today she has allowed herself to become its necessary glue. The most salubrious thing she could do for the party (and hence for India) is to do a Michael Howard: namely, preside over a genuine leadership contest between a half-dozen ambitious people, and then withdraw with her family permanently from India’s politics, focusing instead on the legacy of her late husband. Without that happening, the Congress cannot be made a healthy political entity, and hence the other parties have no role-model to imitate. Meanwhile, a liberal political party, which necessarily would be non-geriatric and non-sycophantic, is still missing in India.

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Separation of Powers: India, the USA, Pakistan

February 13, 2006 — drsubrotoroy

SEPARATION OF POWERS (2006)

Montesquieu’s Spirit of the Laws outlined a doctrine that applies to India, the USA and all constitutional democracies: there is no monopoly of political wisdom.

By SUBROTO ROY
First published in The Sunday Statesman, The Statesman Editorial Page,

Special Article Feb 12-13 2006

The Speaker’s noble office is that of the single member of the House, traditionally chosen by unanimity, whose task it is to self-effacingly maintain order in Parliamentary debate and proceedings, so that the House’s work gets done. C’est tout. Once chosen Speaker, he ipso facto retires from partisan politics for life. The Speaker neither contributes to the substance of Parliamentary debate (except in the rare case of a tie) nor has to feel personally responsible for Parliament’s conduct.

Our Parliament has tended to become so dysfunctional since Indira Gandhi and her sycophants destroyed its traditions 30 years ago, that supervising its normal work is an onerous enough task for even the finest of Speakers to handle.

The Lok Sabha’s incumbent Speaker has tended to see himself as the champion of Parliament. He need not. He does not command a majority in the Lok Sabha; the Government Party does. We have had the oddest peculiarity unfolding in India at present where the person who does command the Lok Sabha’s majority, and therefore who would be normally defined as Prime Minister of India, has chosen to nominate someone who is not a member of the Lok Sabha to act as Prime Minister, i.e. to command the Lok Sabha’s majority. (The Rajya Sabha was and remains irrelevant to most things important to Indian democracy, regardless of its narcissism and vanity). Someone with access to 10 Janpath should have told Sonia Gandhi in May 2004 that if she did not wish to be PM and wanted to gift the job to someone else, she should do so to someone who, like herself, had been elected to the Lok Sabha, like Pranab Mukherjee (elected for the first time) or Kamal Nath or Priya Ranjan (both veterans).

Manmohan Singh, a former Lok Sabha candidate, may as Finance Minister have been able to progress much further with economic reforms. But sycophancy has ruled the roost in the Congress’s higher echelons, and nobody had the guts to tell her that. Indeed as early as December 2001, Congress leaders knew that in the unlikely event they won the polls, Manmohan Singh would likely be PM by Sonia Gandhi’s choice (though he was not expected to last long at the top), and yet he did not contest the Lok Sabha polls in 2004.

The Government of the day, not the Speaker, is Parliament’s champion in any discussion with the Supreme Court over constitutional rights and Separation of Powers. And the Government has in fact quietly and sensibly requested the Supreme Court to set up a Constitutional Bench for this purpose. Such a Constitutional Bench shall have cause to ask itself how far Kesavananda Bharati needs to be tweaked if at all to accommodate the contention that Parliament has a right to judge its own members. The Court may well likely say that of course Parliament has a right to judge its own members but even that right is not an absolute right, (nothing is). Even Parliament’s right to judge its own members must be in accordance with natural law, with principles of justice, with due and clearly defined processes. E.g. the established Privileges Committee and not the ad hoc Bansal Committee had to do the needful.

Imagine a hypothetical case of fantastic fiction where half a dozen independent MPs are elected to a future Lok Sabha, and then take it upon themselves to expose corruption and shenanigans of all major political parties. Our fantastic super-heroes become whistleblowers within Parliament itself while remaining totally incorruptible as individuals — like Eliot Ness’s team who jailed Al Capone and other gangsters, and came to be depicted in Hollywood’s The Untouchables. These Untouchables would come to be feared and despised by everyone from Communists on one side of the political spectrum to Fascists on the other. They would upset everybody precisely because they were so clean and were not purchasable. The Government and Opposition of the day might wellgang up to expel such troublemakers and even fabricate charges to do so. (Now there’s a script for a Bollywood movie!)

What our Supreme Court’s Constitutional Bench decides now in the matter at hand will determine the fate of our super-heroes in such a future fantasia. The present case is a polar opposite — where MPs have been caught on camera with their sordid fingers in the cookie-jar, and then made to walk the plank immediately by their peers. Yet natural law applies here as it will to our fantastic future fighters, and this is what the Bench would have to speak on.

Why the present situation continues to be disconcerting is because the whole country heard all the holier-than-thou protestations, yet everyone continues to take a very dim view of what they see of politicians’ behaviour. There remain strong suspicions that only a few very tiny tips of very large icebergs were or can be caught on camera. Large-scale deals and contracts involve payments into invisible bank accounts, not petty cash into pockets or even suitcases filled with cash sloshing around Delhi.

What we have desperately needed in the situation is modern prime ministerial leadership which could intelligently and boldly guide national debate in the right direction on the whole matter of probity in public life. Why a distinguished parliamentarian like the Speaker has found himself in the limelight is because neither the de jure nor de facto Prime Ministers of India are anywhere to be seen thinking on their feet on these central issues of constitutional procedure and practice. They tend to use prepared scripts and may be temperamentally disinclined to do what has been called for by these unscripted circumstances. (Indeed the much-maligned H. D. Deve Gowda could be alone among the bevy of recent PMs who has been able to think on his feet at all.)

Collapse Before Executive Power

In the meantime, the United States is going through its own Separation of Powers’ crisis. As explained in these columns previously, the American system is distinctly different from the British, and our own system is midway between them. Yet similar principles may be discerned to apply or fail to be applied in all.

Winston Churchill once perspicaciously observed:

“The rigid Constitution of the United States, the gigantic scale and strength of its party machinery, the fixed terms for which public officers and representatives are chosen, invest the President with a greater measure of autocratic power than was possessed before (the First World War) by the Head of any great State. The vast size of the country, the diverse types, interests and environments of its enormous population, the safety-valve function of the legislatures of fifty Sovereign States, make the focussing of national public opinion difficult, and confer upon the Federal Government exceptional independence of it except at fixed election times. Few modern Governments need to concern themselves so little with the opinion of the party they have beaten at the polls; none secures to its supreme executive officer, at once the Sovereign and the Party Leader, such direct personal authority.”

America’s Legislative Branch has, on paper, strong powers of advice and consent to control errors, excesses or abuse of power by the Executive President. But (with rare and courageous exceptions like Sen. Robert C. Byrd of West Virginia) the Legislature cravenly collapsed before the father-son Bush presidencies in regard to the Middle East wars of recent years. America’s once-revered federal judiciary has also tended to lose its independence of mind with overt politicisation of judicial appointments in recent decades.

Bush the First went to war against Saddam Hussein (a former American ally against Islamic Iran) at least partly with an eye to winning re-election in 1992 (which he would have done as a result but for a random shock known as Ross Perot; Bill Clinton became the beneficiary). Bush the Second obsessively wished to follow up on the same, to the point of misjudging the real threat to America from Bin Laden and fabricating a false threat from an emasculated Saddam.

America’s Legislature palpably failed to control her Presidents. Now, late in the day, after all the horses have bolted, the Senate Judiciary Committee began tepid hearings on February 5 2006 into whether the President authorized laws to be broken with impunity in regard to wire-tapping some 5,000 citizens (doubtless mostly non-white and Muslim) without judicial warrants. Republican Senator Arlen Specter, the Committee’s Chairman, has said he believes the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act has been “flatly” violated, and “strained and unrealistic” justifications are now being offered. Bush’s men, from his Vice President and Attorney General to political intelligence operatives, have brazenly placed in the dustbin the traditional principle fiat justitia pereat mundus — let justice be done even if the world perishes — saying that the Sovereign can do just as he pleases to save the realm from external enemies as he might perceive and define them to be.

What this kind of collapse in current American practice reveals is a new aspect unknown at the time of Montesquieu’s Spirit of the Laws. In the modern world, Separation of Powers involves not merely constitutional institutions like Executive, Legislature and Judiciary but also the normal civil institutions of a free and open society, especially academic institutions and the press. In America, it has been not merely the Legislature and Judiciary which have tended to collapse before Executive Power in regard to the recent Middle East wars, but the media and academia as well.

“Embedded reporters” and Fox TV set the tone for America’s official thought processes about Iraq and the Muslim world — until it has become too late for America’s mainstream media or academics to recover their own credibility on the subject. On the other hand, unofficial public opinion has, in America’s best traditions, demonstrated using vast numbers of Internet websites and weblogs, a spirited Yankee Doodle individuality against the jingoism and war-mongering of the official polity.

Neither the press nor academia had collapsed the same way during America’s last major foreign wars in Vietnam and Cambodia forty years ago, and it may be fairly said that America’s self-knowledge was rather better then than it is now, except of course there were no Internet websites and weblogs.

Our Pakistani Cousins
Across the border from us, our Pakistani cousins are, from a political and constitutional point of view, cut from the same cloth as ourselves, namely the 1935 Government of India Act, and the Montague-Chelmsford and Morley-Minto reforms earlier. However, ever since Jinnah’s death, they have refused to admit this and instead embarked haplessly on what can only be called an injudicious path of trying to write a Constitution for a new Caliphate. The primary demand of the main scholars influencing this process was “That the sovereignty in Pakistan belongs to God Almighty alone and that the Government of Pakistan shall administer the country as His agent”. By such a view, in the words of Rashid Rida and Maulana Maududi, Islam becomes “the very antithesis of secular Western democracy. The philosophical foundation of Western democracy is the sovereignty of the people. Lawmaking is their prerogative and legislation must correspond to the mood and temper of their opinion… Islam… altogether repudiates the philosophy of popular sovereignty and rears its polity on the foundations of the sovereignty of God and the viceregency (Khilafat) of man.” (Rosenthal, Islam & the Modern National State, Cambridge 1965.) Pakistan’s few modern constitutionalists have been ever since battling impossibly to overcome the ontological error made here of assuming that any mundane government can be in communication with God Almighty. In the meantime, all normal branches of Pakistan’s polity, like the electorate, press, political parties, Legislature and Judiciary, have remained at best in ill-formed inchoate states of being — while the Pakistan Armed Forces stepped in with their own large economic and political interests and agendas to effectively take over the country and the society as a whole, on pretext of protecting Pakistan from India or of gaining J&K for it. Pakistan’s political problems have the ontological error at their root. Pakistan’s political parties, academics and press, have with rare exceptions remained timid in face of the militaristic State — directing their anger and frustration at an easier target instead, namely ourselves in India. The Pakistan Government’s way of silencing its few political, academic or press dissidents has been to send them into comfortable exile abroad.

Sheikh Abdullah Contrasted
Pakistan’s perpetual constitutional confusion deserves to be contrasted with the clarity of Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah’s thinking, e.g. his 5 November 1951 speech to the Constituent Assembly of J&K: “You are the sovereign authority in this State of Jammu & Kashmir; what you decide has the irrevocable force of law. The basic democratic principle of sovereignty of the nation, embodied ably in the American and French Constitutions, is once again given shape in our midst. I shall quote the famous words of Article 3 of the French Constitution of 1791:- ‘The source of all sovereignty resides fundamentally in the nation. Sovereignty is one and indivisible, inalienable and imprescriptable. It belongs to the nation.’ We should be clear about the responsibilities that this power invests us with. In front of us lie decisions of the highest national importance which we shall be called upon to take. Upon the correctness of our decisions depends not only the happiness of our land and people now, but the fate as well of generations to come.”

Contrasting the Pakistani views of constitution-making with those of Sheikh Abdullah may help to explain a great deal about where we are today on the delicate and profound subject of J&K. (See “Solving Kashmir”, The Statesman, December 1—3, 2005)

India’s current debate about Separation of Powers needs to keep at a distance the clear negative examples of our American friends, who have brought upon themselves in recent times a craven collapse of Legislature, Judiciary, press and academia to the Executive President (as Churchill had seemed to predict), as well as of our Pakistani cousins who have continued with general political and civil collapse for half a century. Because our universities are all owned by the State, India’s academics, from Communist to Fascist, have tended to be servile towards it. In respect of the press, the power of independent newspapers has been dwindling, while the new TV anchors have created their own models of obsequiousness and chummery towards New Delhi’s ruling cliques of the day. It thus becomes India’s Supreme Court which remains the ultimate guardian of our Constitution and the safest haven of our very fragile freedoms — besides of course our own minds and hearts.

***The Sunday Statesman 12 February 2006***

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Unaccountable Delhi: India’s Separation of Powers’ Doctrine

January 13, 2006 — drsubrotoroy

UNACCOUNTABLE DELHI

India’s Separation Of Powers’ Doctrine

First published in The Statesman Jan 13 2006 Editorial Page Special Article,

By Subroto Roy

The Speaker does not like the fact the High Court has issued notices questioning the procedure he followed in expelling MPs from Parliament. Sonia Gandhi’s self-styled “National Advisory Council” has demanded control over disbursement of 100,000,000,000 rupees of public money. The Manmohan Singh Government plans to quietly ignore the Supreme Court’s finding that it had breached India’s Constitution in imposing President’s Rule in Bihar. All three issues have to do with application of India’s Separation of Powers Doctrine, i.e. the appropriate delimitation of Constitutional powers between our Legislature, Executive and Judiciary.

A constitutional crime was attempted in India during the Indira-Sanjay Gandhi political “Emergency” declared on 26 June 1975. On 10 November 1975 (a time of press censorship) a 13-judge Bench of the Supreme Court met to hear the Government plead for overrule of Kesavananda Bharati (A.I.R. 1973 S.C. 1461), a landmark Nani Palkhivala once called “the greatest contribution of the Republic of India to constitutional jurisprudence”. Within two days, the Government had failed in the Court, and Kesavananda held. What was upheld? That while India’s Parliament was sovereign and could amend the Constitution, the amending power may not be used to alter or destroy “the basic structure or framework of the Constitution”. And the Supreme Court decides for itself whether Parliament has exceeded its legitimate power to amend.

Basic structure
Palkhivala’s description of what constitutes the “basic structure or framework” of India’s Constitution is excellent enough: “the rule of law, the right to personal liberty and freedom from arbitrary arrest and imprisonment, the right to dissent which implies the freedom of speech and expression and a free press are… a part of the basic structure of a free democracy, and it is these priceless human freedoms which cannot be destroyed by Parliament in exercise of its amending power. Thus Kesavananda’s case ensures that tyranny and despotism shall not masquerade as constitutionalism.”

Palkhivala argued that, if anything, the aspects of Kesavananda that needed to be set aside were those that had over-ruled Golaknath (A.I.R. 1967 S.C. 1643) which said Parliament should not be held to have the power to abridge any fundamental right, indeed any amended article which abrogates any fundamental right is invalid.

Dicey said “In the principle of the distribution of powers which determines its form, the constitution of the United States is the exact opposite of the English constitution.” Kesavananda Bharati showed the midway point between the two in constitutional jurisprudence anywhere in the world. We are like the Americans and unlike the British first in being a Republic, and secondly in having an explicit written Constitution. We are like the British and unlike the Americans in being a parliamentary democracy where the Executive Branch of Government, namely the Prime Minister and his/her Cabinet is elected from within the Legislative Branch of Government, namely, Parliament, and must at all times retain the confidence of the latter, specifically the Lok Sabha, the House of the People.

The American Executive Branch has a directly-elected President who chooses his administration, and it is commonplace for him to not have the confidence of the Upper or Lower House of the Legislature, to the point that one recent president had to undergo impeachment proceedings and barely survived. There is no constitutional crisis in America if the Legislature loathes the President and wishes him out. The American President and his Executive Branch stay in office until the last minute of his fixed term.

PM answers to Parliament
In our system, the Prime Minister answers at all times to Parliament. Parliament in India’s democracy has normally meant the House of the People — where every member has contested and won a direct vote in his/her constituency. India’s current Lok Sabha has set a constitutional precedent not seen in more than a hundred years anywhere in electing an Executive led by someone not a member. The British Upper House used to have an aristocratic hereditary component which Mr Blair’s New Labour Government has removed, making it more like what the Rajya Sabha was supposed to be — except that by now our Rajya Sabha has tended to become a place for party worthies who have lost normal elections, superannuated cinematic personalities, perpetual bureaucrats still seeking office, and others who really should be at home helping to raise the grandchildren. Parliament may not have fully recovered its health ever since that constitutional crime committed against the Republic known as the Indira-Sanjay “Emergency” (and at least one member of Sanjay’s coterie wields much power today).

Crimes and misdemeanours
The Supreme Court’s finding that the Government breached the Constitution by imposing President’s Rule in Bihar is a finding not of a constitutional crime but of a constitutional misdemeanour. (For reasons given already in these columns on 20 October 2005, it has nothing to do with the President, who merely embodies the sovereignty of our Republic.) For an Executive Order or Legislative Act to be found by a competent Court as being unconstitutional means merely that it does not have to be obeyed by citizens. In the Bihar case, the Supreme Court found this consequence irrelevant because new elections were already in process, the result of which would come from the most authentic democratic voice possible, namely, the same people who elect the House of the People in the first place. India’s Executive has been found to have committed a constitutional misdemeanour, for which it needed to apologise to the Court and Parliament (who are its constitutional co-equals) and then ask the latter to renew its confidence — in which event, life goes on. If confidence was not renewed, the Government would fall and a new Government would have to be formed. But we do not have yet the idea of a backbench revolt —mainly because all the front benches themselves have tended to be in such confusion and disarray with regard to parliamentary traditions, processes and functions.

The Supreme Court as the ultimate protector of the Constitution would be well within its prerogative to oversee whether a Parliamentary Speaker has acted appropriately. Consider a hypothetical case. Once elected, a Speaker is supposed to have no party-affiliation ever more for the rest of his/her life. Suppose, hypothetically, a controlled experiment found a Speaker systematically biased in favour of his/her own former party-members and against their opponents. Where but the Courts could such arbitrariness be effectively remonstrated against? Even if the incumbent Speaker impossibly imagines himself the personal embodiment of the Legislative Branch, he is not beyond the Constitution and therefore not beyond India’s Separation of Powers’ Doctrine.

The Opposition had alleged that the Speaker failed to follow procedure which required the culprits in the expulsion case be referred to the Privileges Committee. But beyond that the Opposition was too confused and guilt-ridden to pursue the matter during the dying moments of Parliament’s Winter Session. In the clear light of day, the issue has now ended up in the Courts. If the Supreme Court eventually rules the Speaker had in fact failed to follow Parliament’s own procedures (and hence breached Constitutional practices), the Speaker would need to apologise to the Courts and the House that elected him, and perhaps offer to fall on his sword.

Finally, for the “National Advisory Council”, a wholly unelected body, to demand a say for itself over spending Rs. 100 billion in State and Union Government budget-making, would be another constitutional misdemeanour — unless its members are merely on the personal staff of the Hon’ble Member representing Rae Bareili, who may of course introduce whatever legislation on money-bills that any other Lok Sabha Member may do.

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Transparency and Economic Policy-Making

January 31, 1998 — drsubrotoroy

Transparency and Economic Policy-Making

An address by Professor Subroto Roy to the Asia-Pacific Public Relations Conference, (panel on Transparency chaired by C. R. Irani) January 30 1998.

This talk is dedicated to the memory of my sister Suchandra Bhattacharjee (14.02.1943-10.01.1998).
1. I would like to talk about transparency and economic policy-making in our country. For something to be transparent is, in plain language, for it to be able to be openly seen through, for it to not to be opaque, obscure or muddy, for it to be clear to the naked eye or to the reasonable mind. A clear glass of water is a transparent glass of water. Similarly, an open and easily comprehensible set of economic policies is a transparent set of economic policies.

The philosopher Karl Popper wrote a famous book after the Second World War titled The Open Society and its Enemies. It contained a passionate defence of liberal institutions and democratic freedoms and a bitter attack on totalitarian doctrines of all kinds. It generated a lot of controversy, especially over its likely misreading of the best known work of political philosophy since the 4th Century BC, namely, Plato’s Republic .[1] I shall borrow Popper’s terms ‘open society’ and ‘closed society’ and will first try to make this a useful distinction for modern times, and then apply it to the process of economic policy-making in India today.

2. An open society is one in which the ordinary citizen has reasonably easy access to any and all information relating to the public or social interest — whether the information is directly available to the citizen himself or herself, or is indirectly available to his or her elected representatives like MP’s and MLA’s. Different citizens will respond to the same factual information in different ways, and conflict and debate about the common good will result. But that would be part of the democratic process.

The assessment that any public makes about the government of the day depends on both good and bad news about the fate of the country at any given time. In an open society, both good news and bad news is out there in the pubic domain — open to be assessed, debated, rejoiced over, or wept about. If we win a cricket match or send a woman into space we rejoice. If we lose a child in a manhole or a busload of children in a river, we weep. If some tremendous fraud on the public exchequer comes to be exposed, we are appalled. And so on.

It is the hallmark of an open society that its citizens are mature enough to cope with both the good and the bad news about their country that comes to be daily placed before them. Or, perhaps more accurately, the experience of having to handle both good and bad news daily about their world causes the citizens in an open society to undergo a process of social maturation in formulating their understanding of the common good as well as their responses to problems or crises that the community may come to face. They might be thereby thought of as improving their civic capacities, as becoming better-informed and more discerning voters and decision-makers, and so becoming better citizens of the country in which they live.

The opposite of an open society is a closed society — one in which a ruling political party or a self-styled elite or nomenclatura keep publicly important information to themselves, and do not allow the ordinary citizen easy or reasonably free access to it. The reason may be merely that they are intent on accumulating assets for themselves as quickly as they can while in office, or that they are afraid of public anger and want to save their own skins from demands for accountability. Or it may be that they have the impression that the public is better off kept in the dark — that only the elite nomenclatura is in position to use the information to serve the national interest.

In a closed society it is inevitable that bad news comes to be censored or suppressed by the nomenclatura, and so the good news gets exaggerated in significance. News of economic disasters, military defeats or domestic uprisings gets suppressed. News of victories or achievements or heroics gets exaggerated. If there are no real victories, achievements or heroics, fake ones have to be invented by government hacks — although the suppressed bad news tends to silently whisper all the way through the public consciousness in any case.

Such is the way of government propaganda in almost every country, even those that pride themselves on being free and democratic societies. Dostoevsky’s cardinal advice in Brothers Karamasov was: “Above all, never lie to yourself”. Yet people in power tend to become so adept at propaganda that they start to deceive themselves and forget what is true and what is false, or worse still, cannot remember how to distinguish between true and false in the first place. In an essay thirty years ago titled Truth and Politics, the American scholar Hannah Arendt put it like this:

“Insofar as man carries within himself a partner from whom he can never win release, he will be better off not to live with a murderer or a liar; or: since thought is the silent dialogue carried out between me and myself, I must be careful to keep the integrity of this partner intact, for otherwise I shall surely lose the capacity for thought altogether.”[2]

3. Closed societies may have been the rule and open societies the exception for most of human history. The good news at the end of the 20th Century is surely that since November 7 1989, when the Berlin Wall fell, the closed society has officially ceased to be a respectable form of human social organization. The age of mass access to television and telecommunications at the end of the 20th Century may be spelling the permanent end of totalitarianism and closed societies in general. The Berlin Wall was perhaps doomed to fall the first day East Germans were able to watch West German television programs.

Other than our large and powerful neighbour China, plus perhaps North Korea, Myanmar, and some Islamic countries, declared closed societies are becoming hard to find, and China remains in two minds whether to be open or closed. No longer is Russia or Romania or Albania or South Africa closed in the way each once was for many years. There may be all sorts of problems and confusions in these countries but they are or trying to become open societies.

Under the glare of TV cameras in the 21st Century, horrors like the Holocaust or the Gulag or even an atrocity like Jalianwalla Bag or the Mai Lai massacre will simply not be able to take place anywhere in the world. Such things are not going to happen, or if they do happen, it will be random terrorism and not systematic, large scale genocide of the sort the 20th Century has experienced. The good news is that somehow, through the growth of human ingenuity that we call technical progress, we may have made some moral progress as a species as well.

4. My hypothesis, then, is that while every country finds its place on a spectrum of openness and closedness with respect to its political institutions and availability of information, a broad and permanent drift has been taking place as the 20th Century comes to an end in the direction of openness.

With this greater openness we should expect bad news not to come to be suppressed or good news not to come to be exaggerated in the old ways of propaganda. Instead we should expect more objectively accurate information to come about in the public domain — i.e., better quality and more reliable information, in other words, more truthful information. This in turn commensurately requires more candour and maturity on the part of citizens in discussions about the national or social interest. Closed society totalitarianism permitted the general masses to remain docile and unthinking while the nomenclatura make the decisions. Dostoevsky’s Grand Inquisitor said that is all that can be expected of the masses. Open society transparency and democracy defines the concept of an ordinary citizen and requires from that citizen individual rationality and individual responsibility. It is the requirement Pericles made of the Athenians:

“Here each individual is interested not only in his own affairs but in the affairs of the state as well; even those who are mostly occupied with their own business are extremely well-informed on general politics – this is a peculiarity of ours: we do not say that a man who takes no interest in politics is a man who minds his own business; we say that he has no business here at all.”[3]

5. All this being said, I am at last in a position to turn to economic policy in India today. I am sorry to have been so long-winded and pedantic but now I can state my main substantive point bluntly: in India today, there is almost zero transparency in the information needed for effective macroeconomic policy-making whether at the Union or State levels. To illustrate by some examples.

(A) Macroeconomic policy-making in any large country requires the presence of half a dozen or a dozen well-defined competing models produced by the government and private agencies, specifying plausible causal links between major economic variables, and made testable against time-series data of reasonably long duration. In India we seem to have almost none. The University Economics Departments are all owned by some government or other and can hardly speak out with any academic freedom. When the Ministry of Finance or RBI or Planning Commission, or the India teams of the World Bank or IMF, make their periodic statements they do not appear to be based on any such models or any such data-base. If any such models exist, these need to be published and placed in the public domain for thorough discussion as to their specification and their data. Otherwise, whatever is being predicted cannot be assessed as being very much more reliable than the predictions obtained from the Finance Minister’s astrologer or palmist. (NB: Horse-Manure is a polite word used in the American South for what elsewhere goes by the initials of B. S.). Furthermore, there is no follow-up or critical review to see whether what the Government said was going to happen a year ago has in fact happened, and if not, why not.

(B) The Constitution of India defines many States yet no one seems to be quite certain how many States really constitute the Union of India at any given time. We began with a dozen. Some 565 petty monarchs were successfully integrated into a unitary Republic of India, and for some years we had sixteen States. But today, do we really have 26 States? Is Delhi a State? UP with 150 million people would be the fifth or sixth largest country in the world on its own; is it really merely one State of India? Are 11 Small States de facto Union Territories in view of their heavy dependence on the Union? Suppose we agreed there are fifteen Major States of India based on sheer population size: namely, Andhra, Assam, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, MP, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, UP and West Bengal. These States account for 93% of the population of India. The average population of these 15 Major States is 58 million people each. That is the size of a major country like France or Britain. In other words, the 870 million people in India’s Major States are numerically 15 Frances or 15 Britains put together.

Yet no reliable, uniformly collected GDP figures exist for these 15 States. The RBI has the best data, and these are at least two years old, and the RBI will tell you without further explanation that the data across States are not comparable. If that is the case at State-level, I do not see how the national-level Gross Domestic Product can possibly be estimated with any meaningfulness at all.

(C) Then we hear about the Government Budget deficit as a percentage of GDP. Now any national government is able to pay for its activities only by taxation or borrowing or by using its monopoly over the domestic medium of exchange to print new money. In India today, universal money-illusion seems to prevail. It would not be widely recognised by citizens, journalists or policy-makers that, say, 100,000 Rupees nominally taxed at 10% under 20% inflation leaves less real disposable income than the same taxed at 20% with 5% inflation. This is in part because inflation figures are unknown or suspect. There is no reliable all-India or State-level consumer price index. The wholesale price index on the basis of which the Government of India makes its inflation statements, may not accurately reflect the actual decline in the purchasing power of money, as measured, say, by rises in prices of alternative stores of value like land. The index includes artificially low administered or subsidized prices for petroleum, cereals, and electricity. To the extent these prices may be expected to move towards international equilibrium prices, the index contains a strong element of deferred inflation. One urgent task for all macroeconomic research in India is construction of reliable price-data indices at both Union and State levels, or at a minimum, the testing for reliability by international standards of series currently produced by Government agencies.

Without reliable macroeconomic information being spread widely through a reasonably well-informed electorate, the Government of India has been able to wash away fiscal budget constraints by monetization and inflation without significant response from voters. The routine method of meeting deficits has become “the use of the printing press to manufacture legal tender paper money”, either directly by paying Government creditors “with new paper money specially printed for the purpose” or indirectly by paying creditors “out of loans to itself from the Central Bank”, issuing paper money to that amount. Every Budget of the Government of India, including the most recent ones of 1996 and 1997, comes to be attended by detailed Press discussion with regard to the minutae of changes in tax rates or tax-collection — yet the enormous phenomena of the automatic monetization of the Government’s deficit is ill-understood and effectively ignored. Historically, a policy of monetization started with the British Government in India during the Second World War, with a more than five-fold increase in money supply occurring between 1939 and 1945. Inflation rates never seen in India before or since were the result (Charts 0000), attended by the Great Famine of 1942/43. Though these were brought down after succession of C. D. Deshmukh as Governor of the Reserve Bank, the policy of automatic monetization did not cease and continues until the present day. Inflation “sooner or later destroys the confidence, not only of businessmen, but of the whole community, in the future value of the currency. Then comes the stage known as “the flight from the currency.” Had the Rupee been convertible during the Bretton Woods period, depreciation would have signalled and helped to adjust for disequilibrium. But exchange-controls imposed during the War were enlarged by the new Governments of India and Pakistan after the British departure to exclude convertible Sterling Area currencies as well. With the Rupee no longer convertible, internal monetization of deficits could continue without commensurate exchange-rate depreciation.

The Reserve Bank was originally supposed to be a monetary authority independent of the Government’s fiscal compulsions. It has been prevented from developing into anything more than a department of the Ministry of Finance, and as such, has become the captive creditor of the Government. The RBI in turn has utilized its supervisory role over banking to hold captive creditors, especially nationalized banks whose liabilities account for 90% of commercial bank deposits in the country. Also captive are nationalized insurance companies and pension funds. Government debt instruments show on the asset side of these balance-sheets. To the extent these may not have been held had banks been allowed to act in the interests of proper management of depositors’ liabilities and share-capital according to normal principles, these are pseudo-assets worth small fractions of their nominal values. Chart 0000 shows that in the last five years the average term structure of Government debt has been shortening rapidly, suggesting the Government is finding it increasingly difficult to find creditors, and portending higher interest rates.

General recognition of these business facts, as may be expected to come about with increasing transparency, would be a recipe for a crisis of confidence in the banking and financial system if appropriate policies were not in place beforehand.

(D) As two last examples, I offer two charts. The first shows the domestic interest burden of the Government of India growing at an alarming rate, even after it has been deflated to real terms. The second tries to show India’s foreign assets and liabilities together – we always come to know what is happening to the RBI’s reserve levels, what is less known or less understood is the structure of foreign liabilities being accumulated by the country. Very roughly speaking, in terms that everyone can understand, every man, woman and child in India today owes something like 100 US dollars to the outside world. The Ministry of Finance will tell you that this is not to be worried about because it is long-term debt and not short-term debt. Even if we take them at their word, interest payments still have to be paid on long-term debt, say at 3% per annum. That means for the stock of debt merely to be financed, every man, woman and child in India must be earning $3 every year in foreign exchange via the sale of real goods and services abroad. I.e., something like $3 billion must be newly earned every year in foreign exchange merely to finance the existing stock of debt. Quite clearly, that is not happening and it would stretch the imagination to see how it can be made to happen.

In sum, then, India, blessed with democratic political traditions which we had to take from the British against their will — remember Tilak, “Freedom is my birthright, and I shall have it” — may still be stuck with a closed society mentality when it comes to the all-important issue of economic policy. There is simply an absence in Indian public discourse of vigourous discussion of economic models and facts, whether at Union or State levels. A friendly foreign ambassador pointedly observed an absence in India of political philosophy. It may be more accurate to say that without adequate experience of a normal agenda of government being seen to be practised, widespread ignorance regarding fiscal and monetary causalities and inexperience of the technology of governance remains in the Indian electorate, as well as among public decision-makers at all levels. Our politicians seem to spend an inordinate amount of their time either garlanding one another with flowers or garlanding statues and photographs of the glorious dead. It is high time they stopped to think about the living and the future.

[1] Renford Bambrough (ed.) Plato, Popper and Politics: Some Contributions to a Modern Controversy, 1967.

[2] Philosophy, Politics and Society, 2nd Series, Peter Laslett & W. G. Runciman (eds.), 1967.

[3] Thucydides, History of the Pelopennesian War, II.40.

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Constitution for a Second Indian Republic (April 1991)

April 20, 1991 — drsubrotoroy

Constitution for a Second Indian Republic

Author’s Note April 2007: I wrote “A Second Constitution for India” on October 2 1990 while working in an advisory capacity for Rajiv Gandhi, then Leader of the Opposition. But he did not get to see it and I was not able to guide any coherent discussion towards this vital subject. I published it on April 20 1991 in The Statesman in its Saturday supplement. While I am not sure I agree with all of my 1991 “Constitution” today, it may be useful for discussion. One salient feature of this concise 60-article Constitution is having a directly elected PM and Deputy PM with a tough Senate somewhat on the US pattern (though the distinction between Head of Government and Head of State is maintained as in the present system) with a modified British pattern of parliamentary democracy continuing in the States.

I do, however, fully endorse what I wrote on December 30 2002 in a personal letter to the late C. R. Irani, in his capacity as a member of the “Constitutional Review Commission” (to which he responded with very warm agreement). That letter is placed below the text of the proposal and outlines some of what I think is most urgent today in India’s constitional progress.

“Nai Duniya”, Constitution of a Second Republic

by Subroto Roy

First published in The Statesman, April 20 1991

Preamble

We the People of India, in order to establish a more perfect Union of PERPETUAL PEACE; in which the ancient virtues of COURAGE,TRUTHFULNESS and JUSTICE may be better practiced; in which the FREEDOM and WELFARE of all our People may be more easily secured, do adopt, enact and give to ourselves this Constitution, on this the 26th day of January 1995.

FOUNDATION
1. India, that is Bharat or Hindustan, shall be a Union of States and Territories, and a sovereign member of the community of nations.

2. The Union of India shall be a democratic republic, and the Union shall guarantee a democratic and republican form of governance in each of its States and Territories.

3. The Union of India shall protect every State and Territory against foreign aggression and armed rebellion, and shall ensure its governance to be in accordance with provisions of the Union Constitution.

4. A State or Territory may elect to establish its own Constitution, but no provision of the Constitution of any State of Territory shall be valid if it violates any provision of the Union Constitution.

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF CITIZENS
5. Every person born in the territory of India, or either of whose parents or any of whose grandparents was born in the territory of India, or who is a citizen of India at the commencement of this Constitution shall be a citizen of India by birth. Any person who has been domiciled in India for five years may become a citizen of India by naturalization according to law.

6. Every citizen of India who is not less than 21 years of age shall have the right to vote, and the right to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of religion, race, sex, descent, caste or place of birth, or by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or any other tax.

7. The Union of India or any of its States or Territories shall not deny to any person within the territory of India equality before the laws or the equal protection of the laws.

8. No person within the territory of India shall be deprived of life, liberty or property save by authority of law, nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation.

9. The rights of citizens to be secure in their persons, homes, communications, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and describing the place to be searched, and the person or things to be seized.

10. No person accused of a criminal offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself or herself, nor shall any person be arrested without being informed of the grounds of such arrest, nor shall any person in custody be deprived of the right to legal
counsel, nor shall the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus be suspended unless in the case of war or armed rebellion the public safety requires it.

11. No person shall be prosecuted or punished for the same offence more than once, nor shall excessive bail be required or excessive fines imposed, nor shall punishments be cruel or unusual.

12. The Union of India or any of its States or Territories shall not deny to any citizen the right to move freely throughout the territory of India or to reside or settle in any part of the territory of India.

13. The Union of India or any of its States or Territories shall not deny to any citizen the right to freedom of conscience, or the right to freely profess or practice religion, or establish, maintain and manage religious institutions in accordance with law and subject to public safety, order and health.

14. No citizen shall be subject on account of religion, race, caste, sex, descent or place of birth to any disability, liability or restriction with regard to public institutions, public places or places of worship, or use of public facilities, maintained wholly or partly out of public funds or otherwise dedicated to the use of the public.

15. The Union of India or any of its States or Territories shall not deny any citizen equality of opportunity or discriminate on account of religion, race, caste, sex, descent or place of birth.

16. The Union of India or any of its States or Territories shall not deny or abridge the freedom of speech, inquiry or expression of citizens, or the freedom of the press or broadcasting, subject to public safety, order, health, laws of defamation and standards of common morality.

17. The Union of India or any of its States or Territories shall not deny the right of citizens to form associations and unions, to assemble peaceably without arms, or to petition for redress of grievances, subject to public safety, order and health.

18. The Union of India or any of its States or Territories shall not deny to any citizen the right to practice any profession, trade or business, or carry on any occupation or means of livelihood, subject to public safety, order, health and standards of common morality.

19. Trade, commerce and enterprise throughout the territory of India shall be free, and the Union of India or any of its States or Territories shall not make any law to restrict them except in the interests of public safety, order, health, standards of common morality or economic efficiency.

20. No tax shall be levied or collected except by authority of law.

DUTIES OF CITIZENS
21. It shall be the duty of every person within the territory of India to abide by the Constitution of India and show no disrespect to its institutions; to participate in democratic processes and to vote in elections according to law; to make timely payments of taxes, fees and dues according to law; to keep clean and hygienic streets, roads, highways, neighbourhoods, waterways, railways, parks, public buildings and institutions; to protect public property; to protect the natural environment and to treat living creatures without cruelty; to abjure violence and promote harmony among all people; to value and preserve the languages and cultural history of the Indian subcontinent; to renounce practices derogatory to women or children.

EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL POWERS
22. There shall be a President of India in whom shall be vested the executive power of the Union, and who shall be the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces of the Union. The President shall be elected indirectly by the citizens of India in the manner prescribed in Article 40 of this Constitution.

23. There shall be a Vice-President of India, who shall exercise the duties and functions of the President in the event of the death, resignation, incapacitation, absence or impeachment of the President. The Vice-President shall be elected indirectly by the citizens of India in the manner prescribed in Article 41 of this Constitution.

24. The President of India shall appoint a Prime Minister upon the advice of the citizens of India in a direct election in the manner prescribed in Article 43 of this Constitution. The Prime Minister of India shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Union, and the President shall, in exercising the executive power of the Union, act at all times upon the advice of the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister shall keep the President of India informed at all times, and shall reconsider advice rendered if the President so requests it.

25. There shall be a Union Parliament which shall consist of the President, the Vice-President, the Prime Minister and two elected Houses.

The Upper House, or Council of the Nation, shall consist of members elected directly by the citizens of India according to States in the manner prescribed in Article 37 of this Constitution. The Lower House, or House of the People, shall consist of members elected indirectly by the citizens of India according to States, in the manner prescribed in Article 35 of this Constitution. The legislative power of the Union of India shall be vested in the Union Parliament.

A Bill, except a Tax Bill, may originate in either House. A Tax Bill, that is to say any Bill for the raising of revenue, shall originate in the Lower House. After a Bill has been passed in one House, it shall be sent to the other House which shall pass, modify or reject it. A Bill passed by both Houses shall be sent to the Prime Minister, upon whose approval it shall be sent to the President for signature upon which it shall become law. A Bill passed by both Houses which does not receive the approval of the Prime Minister shall be returned to the House where it shall have originated. If, after reconsideration, both Houses pass the Bill, each House by two thirds of its members, then the Bill shall be sent to the Prime Minister who shall advise the President that it be signed and become law.

26. There shall be a Supreme Court of India, consisting of a Chief Justice and Associate Justices appointed by the President upon the nomination of the Prime Minister with the advice and consent of the Upper House of the Union Parliament. The judicial power of the Union of India shall be vested in the Supreme Court and such courts inferior to it that it may establish or authorize. The Supreme Court of India shall have its seat in the capital of the Union and also in every State of the Union.

27. Each State shall have a Governor appointed by the President of India upon the nomination of the Prime Minister with the advice and consent of the Upper House of the Union Parliament. The Governor shall be vested with the executive power of the State, and shall be the supreme commander of all police forces within the State.

28. Each State shall have a Parliament, which shall consist of the Governor of the State and one or two chambers, elected by the citizens of the State in accordance with the Constitution or laws of the State. All legislative power of the State shall be vested in the State Parliament or such duly elected bodies of local government which the State Parliament shall establish by law.

29. The Governor of a State shall appoint a Chief Minister who shall be a member of the State Parliament enjoying the confidence of that Parliament. The Governor shall act upon the advice of the Chief Minister in exercising the executive powers of the State except in conditions of Emergency as stated in Article 56 of this Constitution. In the event no member of the State Parliament shall have its confidence, or in conditions of Emergency as stated in Article 56, the Governor of the State shall exercise the executive powers of the State in consultation with the State Parliament, until such a time as either such confidence comes to obtain, or new elections to the State Parliament take place within a maximum time of one year, or conditions of Emergency come to an end.

30. Each State Parliament shall elect its representatives to the Lower House of the Union Parliament in accordance with the provisions of Articles 34 and 35 of this Constitution.

31. Each State shall have a Supreme Court consisting of a Chief Judge and Associate Judges appointed by the Governor as the Constitution or laws of the State may establish. The judicial power of the State shall be vested in the Supreme Court of the State and such courts inferior to it as the Constitution or laws of the State may establish.

ELECTIONS AND TERMS OF OFFICE
32. All elections in the Union of India and its States and Territories shall be held on the 2nd day of October in any year, and this day shall be known as Election Day or Gandhi Jayanti and shall be a bank holiday. There shall be no more than 14 other bank holidays in the year, and no more than 2 in any month of the year.

33. The power required for the conduct of all elections to the Union Parliament and all State Parliaments shall be vested in a Chief Election Commissioner, who shall be appointed by the President upon the nomination of the Chief Justice of India with the advice and consent of the Prime Minister and the Upper House of the Union Parliament. The Chief Election Commissioner shall be assisted by four Associate Commissioners, one each for Northern, Central, Southern and Eastern India, and State Election Commissioners, one for each State.

34. Election to any State Parliament shall be for a maximum term of 4 years. A State Parliament shall consist of no more than 1000 members, chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies of the State, each member representing no more than 100,000 citizens so far as is possible.

35. Elections to the Lower House of the Union Parliament shall be for a term of 2 years, and the House shall stand dissolved every 2 years. The Lower House shall be elected indirectly by the citizens of the States, the delegations from a State being elected by members of the State Parliament. Each member of the Lower House shall represent indirectly 1 million citizens of the State so far as is possible. The Lower House of the Union Parliament shall have no more than 1000 members, each member having one vote.

36. The Lower House shall choose its own Speaker; determine the rules of its own proceedings; punish its members including by expulsion with the approval of two thirds of its members; keep a record of its proceedings and publish the same regularly except such parts as may in the judgement of the House require secrecy in the national interest. During their attendance in Parliament or travel to and from Parliament, members shall be privileged from arrest except for treason, felony or breach of peace. Nor shall any speech made in the Lower House be questioned in any other place. No member of the Lower House shall hold any other office of profit or honour of the Union of India or any State or Territory of India.

37. The Upper House of the Union Parliament shall have no more than 100 members, of whom 90 shall be chosen by direct election from territorial constituencies of the Union and shall have one vote each. Elections to the Upper House shall be for a term of 6 years, with one third of the elected members retiring every 2 years. No person shall be elected to the Upper House for more than three terms successively. For purposes of elections to the Upper House, the Union of India shall be divided into territorial constituencies each of approximately 10 million citizens, so long as there are no more than 22 constituencies from the States of Southern India (presently consisting of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Goa); 22 constituencies from the States of Eastern India (presently consisting of Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Assam, Sikkim, West Bengal and Bihar); 22 constituencies from the States of Northern India (presently consisting of Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir,Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana); and 22 constituencies from the States of Central India (presently consisting of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa). There shall be one constituency in the Union Territory of Delhi and one constituency in all other UnionTerritories together.

38. The President of India may appoint up to 10 members of the Upper House each of whom shall have no vote and shall hold one term of office of 2 years. The President shall make such appointments in view of considerations such as the representation of the arts, sciences, sports, literature or social work, as also the representation of any community, caste, religion or other group which, in the opinion of the President, deserves a voice in the Upper House in the national interest.

39. The Vice President of India shall chair the Upper House but shall have no vote unless they are equally divided. The Upper House shall choose its own Chairman pro tempore in the absence of the Vice President; determine the rules of its own proceedings; punish its members including by expulsion with the concurrence of two thirds of its members; keep a record of its proceedings and publish the same except as may in the judgement of the House require secrecy in the national interest. During their attendance in Parliament or their travel to and from Parliament, members shall be privileged from arrest except for treason, felony or breach of peace. Nor shall any speech made in the Upper House be questioned in any other place. No member of the Upper House shall hold any other office of profit or honour of the Union of India or any State or Territory of India.

40. The President of India shall be elected for a term of 5 years by the Union Parliament, and shall be a citizen of India not less than 35 years of age. If there are more than two nominations, there shall be a primary election in the Upper House by secret vote, and the names of those receiving the highest and second highest number of votes shall be sent to the Lower House which shall elect between them by secret ballot. The President of India shall not hold any other office of profit or honour.

41. The Vice-President of India shall be elected for a term of 5 years by the Union Parliament, and shall be a citizen of India not less than 35 years of age. If there are more than two nominations, there shall be a primary election in the Lower House by secret vote, and the names of those receiving the highest and second highest number of votes shall be sent to the Upper House which shall elect between them by secret ballot. The Vice-President of India shall not hold any other office of profit or honour.

42. The terms of the President and Vice-President shall not be concurrent.

43. The Prime Minister of India shall be appointed by the President upon the advice of the citizens of India in a direct election, and shall hold office for four years. The Prime Minister shall be a citizen of India not less than 35 years of age, and no person shall hold the office of Prime Minister for two terms successively. Candidates shall register 12 months prior to the date of the election with the Chief Election Commissioner. The Chief Election Commissioner shall report to the President the results of the election to the office of the Prime Minister, and the President shall appoint the candidate receiving the highest number of votes.

44. Upon the nomination of the Prime Minister, the President shall appoint a Deputy Prime Minister and a Council of Ministers, who shall hold office at the pleasure of the President and who shall assist the Prime Minister in the discharge of the duties of the office. The Deputy Prime Minister shall exercise the duties and functions of the Prime Minister in the event of the death, resignation, incapacitation, absence or impeachment of the Prime Minister.

45. The Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers shall from time to time answer the questions of members of the Union Parliament as requested by the latter, and the Prime Minister shall no less than once every year address the Union Parliament on the State of the Republic.

46. Neither the Prime Minister nor the Deputy Prime Minister nor any member of the Council of Ministers shall hold any other office of profit or honour.

DUTIES OF THE UNION AND THE STATES
47. The duties of the Union of India shall include

— defence of the Republic from foreign aggression, armed rebellion and crime
— foreign relations and foreign trade
— management of currency and exchange-rate
— management of the public debt of the Union
— inter-State highways, waterways and dams
— regulation of inter-State railways
— regulation of harbours and airports
— regulation of civil aviation
— regulation of communications and broadcasting
— protection of national monuments and archives
— development of space and atomic research, research
universities and institutes of national importance
— planning of metropolitan areas
— environmental protection, national forests, parks and wildlife
— regulation of banking other than rural banking
— regulation of stock exchanges and futures markets
— census, voter registration, and social security

48. The Union of India shall in addition
— promote and encourage State and local democracy
— reduce disparities of income and wealth consistent with economic efficiency
— reduce inequitable transfers of debt to future generations by ensuring balance in the Union Budget over a quincennial period
— promote harmony among the nations of the world, abjure violencein the settlement of international conflicts, foster respect for international law, and maintain just and honourable relations with other nations.

49. The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India shall extend to substantive questions of law and constitutional interpretation; fundamental rights of citizens, and relations between the citizen and the Union and its States and Territories; international law; inter-State relations and commerce; relations between the Union and any State.

50. There shall be a Reserve Bank of India. Upon the nomination of the Prime Minister and with the advice and consent of the Upper House of the Union Parliament, the President of India shall appoint a Governor and Deputy Governors of the Reserve Bank of India. It shall be the duty of the Reserve Bank of India to maintain a sound currency, that is, a stable value of the Rupee for transactions within the Union and outside it. The Reserve Bank of India shall be further responsible for the charter and regulation of banks, and the efficient working of financial and credit markets.

51. Upon the nomination of the Prime Minister and with the advice and consent of the Upper House of the Union Parliament, the President of India shall appoint a Comptroller and Auditor General of India, who shall be responsible for the issue of public moneys and the audit of the accounts of the Union of India.

52. There shall be a Public Services Commission of India. Upon the nomination of the Prime Minister and with the advice and consent of the Upper House of the Union Parliament, the President of India shall appoint a Secretary-General of the Public Services Commission, who shall be responsible for all matters relating to the civil services of India.

53. The duties of each State of India shall include
— civil order and police forces in the State
— State highways, waterways and dams
— regulation of State railways
— land registration and tenurial reform
— agricultural pricing, stocks and extension
— animal husbandry
— colleges and non-research universities
— finance of schools and setting of school standards
— regulation of electricity
— regulation of insurance
— regulation of rural banking
— management of the public debt of the State
— vital statistics
— public health
— environmental protection
— State parks and forests

A State of India shall in addition
— extend processes of democracy by promoting ad encouraging constitutional local government
— reduce disparities of income and wealth consistent with requirements of economic efficiency
— reduce inequitable transfers of debt to future generations by ensuring balance in the State Budget over a quincennial period
— endeavour to secure a common civil code for citizens of the State
— promote harmony among the peoples of India.

The duties of local governments established in a State by law shall include provision of primary and secondary education or regulation thereof; provision of and maintenance of streets, roads and lighting or regulation thereof; provision of fresh water and sewage disposal or regulation thereof.

54. The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of a State shall extend to substantive questions of law and interpretation of the State Constitution; civil and criminal law within the State; marriage, divorce, custody and guardianship of minors; fundamental rights of citizens and relations between citizens and the State.

WAR AND EMERGENCY
55. The President of India, upon the advice of the Prime Minister and with the consent of a majority of each of the Union Parliament, shall have authority to declare and make war on behalf of the Union of India and its State and Territories, and to raise armed forces and resources for this purpose. A declaration of war may include the suspension of fundamental rights so long as that no such suspension shall continue for longer than 30 days without the consent of a majority of each House of the Union Parliament.

56. The President of India, upon the advice of the Prime Minister and with the consent of a two thirds majority of the Upper House of the Union Parliament, shall have authority to declare the whole of India or any part of its territory to face an imminent danger from foreign aggression, armed rebellion, disturbance or natural calamity, and proclaim an Emergency accordingly. Proclamation of Emergency may include declaration of Governor’s Rule in a State according to Article 29 and suspension of fundamental rights, so long as that no such suspension shall continue for longer than 30 days without the consent of a two thirds majority of the Upper House, and no elections to any State shall be delayed for longer than one year.

AMENDMENTS AND MISCELLANY
57. Within the groupings of States given in Article 37, new States may be formed or State boundaries altered by authority of the President of India, upon the advice of the Prime Minister and with the consent of two thirds of the members of each House of the Union Parliament and the consent of a majority of each State Parliament affected thereby.

58. The provisions of this Constitution may be amended by the authority of the President of India with the consent of a four fifths majority of each House of the Union Parliament.

59. Impeachment from office of the President, Vice-President, Prime Minister or Deputy Prime Minister of India shall be initiated by a four fifths majority of each House of the Union Parliament. The Speaker of the Lower House shall inform the Chief Justice of India of such a majority in each House, whereupon the Chief Justice shall constitute a Special Bench of the Supreme Court of India which shall act as the Court of Impeachment.

60. Written and printed communications between the Union of India and foreign nations; between the Union of India and the States of India, and between the States of India and the Union of India; and between the Union of India and citizens of India shall be in the Hindustani (Hindi) and English languages. Any language or dialect of India may be spoken in the Union Parliament or any State Parliament with the prior permission of the Chairman or Speaker of the chamber.”

December 30 2002 letter to Mr C. R. Irani, Constitutional Review Commission:

“Dear Mr. Irani, Other than yourself and Mr. Sorabji, most other members of the Constitutional Review panel seem to be retired judges or bureaucrats. How many are under 50 years of age? Or have demonstrable knowledge of e.g. modern economics or constitutional political theory? Such a panel may be worse than nothing, since after its fossilized reports are in, it will take another 50 years before genuine constitutional reform can be addressed. Here are some examples:1. There is no such thing as a “Central” Government of India. There used to be one taking orders from London, giving orders to “Provinces” on the periphery. Free India has been a Union of States. Each Indian is supposed to be and to feel as being a citizen both of the Union and of his/her State, owing loyalty and taxes at both levels. Yet the colonial anachronism continues in all our thought with devastating results, so, e.g. the States remain mendicants before an all-powerful “Centre” which remains a mendicant before the new “London”. Ergo, your panel should be talking about Union-State relations, and the proper nature of federalism in modern India. But is any member a recognised expert on fiscal finance? For a start, all our State and Union Government accounting would need to be sorted out properly before anyone can comprehend what is going on between them. 2. The Governor of the RBI must be made a Constitutional post, on par with e.g. the Auditor-General. Reason: Monetary policy needs to be made independent of the fiscal compulsions of the Government of the day, which was the intended function of the RBI at its inception in 1935. Instead it has become a large Department of the Finance Ministry. The RBI’s sole job should be to establish and maintain the soundness of the currency, both domestically and internationally. I wonder if such an idea will arise from the panel appointed to look into it. 3. Our 16 large States have an average population of 61 million people. Each needs to be allowed to have its own Constitution if it so wishes on the American model, where the Union Constitution presides over a large number of State Constitutions. Indeed the resolution of the J&K problem and indeed our problems with Pakistan may rest in a broad, controlled devolution of fiscal and monetary powers to all States, with the Union’s mandate becoming clearer and more focussed and feasible and realistic as a result. Will your panel talk about this? (Delhi does not forsake its own power, as even Old Man Tughlak found many years ago.) I could go on. Eleven years ago, I wrote in Foundations of India’s Political Economy “The 1950 Constitution was a marvellous document at the time. Since then it has become too bulky, too full of exceptions and qualifications, and far from comprehensible to the ordinary Indian. A neater, cleaner and shorter document may be sought which keeps the best of the 1950 Constitution and integrates it with the experience of forty years as well as the best of foreign constitutions, with the aim of promoting a system with less uncertainty and more stability.” The Statesman on April 20 1991 published my proposed Constitution for a Second Indian Republic, now … I enclose a copy for your interest. In Keshavananda Bharati the Supreme Court meant that liberal, republican, representative democracy in a free society with separation of powers must not be subverted by any sort of constitutional gimmickry. My proposals enhance such political values. I hope your panel may do the same.”

Annie Besant (1847-1933)

December 25, 1970 — drsubrotoroy

“Never forget that life can only be nobly inspired and rightly lived if you take it bravely and gallantly, as a splendid adventure in which you are setting out into an unknown country, to meet many a joy, to find many a comrade, to win and lose many a battle.”

– Annie Besant (1847-1933)

From Facebook:

Subroto Roy has just read Courtland Milloy’s review in the Washington Post of James Cameron’s “Avatar” and declares that the original and real Jake Sully was an Irishwoman named Annie Besant (1847-1933), who defined and fought for Indian independence before and better than MK Gandhi himself, and whose conservative (English) political critics had (with schoolboyish hilarity) denounced her (infamously) as a woman of “deep penetration, quick conception and easy delivery”.

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Bibliography, Books, Public Lectures, Memoranda, Memoirs

Some Recent Work

My Recent Tweets

Index of Names and Subjects

[See also “I’m on my way out”: Siddhartha Shankar Ray (1920-2010)…An Economist’s Tribute”; “Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform”; “Three Memoranda to Rajiv Gandhi 1990-1991″

Contents

Part I: Facts vs Fiction, Flattery, Falsification, etc

1. Problem

2. Rajiv Gandhi, Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Milton Friedman & Myself

3. Jagdish Bhagwati & Manmohan Singh? That just don’t fly!

4. Amartya Sen’s Half-Baked Communism: “To each according to his need”?

Part II: India’s Right Road Forward Now: Some Thoughtful Analysis for Grown Ups

5. Transcending a Left-Right/Congress-BJP Divide in Indian Politics

6. Budgeting Military & Foreign Policy

7. Solving the Kashmir Problem & Relations with Pakistan

8. Dealing with Communist China

9. Towards Coherence in Public Accounting, Public Finance & Public Decision-Making

10. India’s Money: Towards Currency Integrity at Home & Abroad

Part I: Facts vs Fiction, Flattery, Falsification, etc

1. Problem

Arvind Panagariya says in the Times of India of 27 July 2013

“…if in 1991 India embraced many of the Track-I reforms, writings by Sen played no role in it… The intellectual origins of the reforms are to be found instead in the writings of Bhagwati, both solely and jointly with Padma Desai and T N Srinivasan….”

Now Amartya Sen has not claimed involvement in the 1991 economic reforms so we are left with Panagariya claiming

“The intellectual origins of the reforms are to be found instead in the writings of Bhagwati…”

Should we suppose Professor Panagariya’s master and co-author Jagdish Bhagwati himself substantially believes and claims the same? Three recent statements from Professor Bhagwati suffice by way of evidence:

(A) Bhagwati said to parliamentarians in the Lok Sabha on 2 December 2010 about the pre-1991 situation:

(B) Bhagwati said to Economic Times on 28 July 2013:

(C) And Bhagwati said in Business Standard of 9 August 2013:

Bhagwati’s opponent in current debate, Amartya Sen, has been in agreement with him that Manmohan, their common friend during college days at Cambridge in the 1950s, was a principal originating the 1991 reforms, saying to Forbes in 2006:

“When Manmohan Singh came to office in the early 1990s as the newly appointed finance minister, in a government led by the Congress Party, he knew these problems well enough, as someone who had been strongly involved in government administration for a long time.”

You can decide for yourself where the truth, ever such an elusive and fragile thing, happens to be and what is best done about it. Here is some evidence.

2. Rajiv Gandhi, Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Milton Friedman & Myself

Professor Arvind Panagariya is evidently an American economics professor of Indian national origin who holds the Jagdish Bhagwati Chair of Indian Political Economy at Columbia University. I am afraid I had not known his name until he mentioned my name in Economic Times of 24 October 2001. He said

In mentioning the volume “edited by Subroto Roy and William E James”, Professor Panagariya did not appear to find the normal scientific civility to identify our work by name, date or publisher. So here that is now:

In 1981-1982 my doctoral thesis emerged, titled “On liberty & economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”,

The Times had said

I felt there were inaccuracies in this and so replied dated 4 June which The Times published on 16 June 1984:

I published Milton’s document for the first time on 21 May 1989 at the conference of the Hawaii project over the loud objection of assorted leftists…

Manmohan Singh was not there as he precisely represented the Indian economic policy establishment I had been determined to reform! In any case, he had left India about 1987 on his last assignment before retirement, with Julius Nyerere of Tanzania relating to the “South-South Commission”.

Besides, and most important of all, neither Bhagwati nor Sen had done work in the areas we were centrally interested in, namely, India’s macroeconomic and foreign trade framework and fiscal and monetary policies.

Bhagwati, after his excellent 1970 work with Padma Desai for the OECD on Indian industry and trade, also co-authored with TN Srinivasan a fine 1975 volume for the NBER Foreign Trade Regimes and Economic Development: India.

Along with Milton Friedman’s suppressed 1955 memorandum which I was publishing for the first time in 1989, TN Srinivasan and Amaresh Bagchi authored the three main economic policy chapters that we felt we wanted.

Milton himself said this about his experience with me in his memoirs:

And Milton wrote on my behalf when I came to be attacked, being Indian, at the very University that had sponsored us:

In August 1990 in Delhi I came to tell Siddhartha Shankar Ray about the unpublished India-manuscript resulting from the Hawaii project that was in my possession as it headed to its publisher.

Ray was involved in daily political parlays at his Delhi home with other Congress Party personages led by PV Narasimha Rao. These senior regional figures seemed to me to be keeping their national leader, Rajiv Gandhi, aloof in splendid isolation at 10 Jan Path.

“Congress manifesto was written on his computer”.

This was accurate enough to the extent that the 22 March 1991 draft as asked for by Rajiv and that came to explicitly affect policy had been and remains on my then-new NEC laptop.

On 28 December 2009, Rajiv’s widow in an official Congress Party statement finally declared her late husband

“left his personal imprint on the (Congress) party’s manifesto of 1991.″

Siddhartha Shankar Ray and I met last in July 2009, when I gave him a copy of this 2005 volume I had created, which pleased him much.

“I will call her and her people to a meeting here so you can meet them and tell them that directly”.

It never transpired. In our last phone conversation I mentioned to him my plans of creating a Public Policy Institute — an idea he immediately and fully endorsed as being essential though adding “I can’t be part of it, I’m on my way out”.

“I’m on my way out”. That was Siddhartha Shankar Ray — always intelligent, always good-humoured, always public-spirited, always a great Indian, my only friend among politicians other than the late Rajiv Gandhi himself.

3. Jagdish Bhagwati & Manmohan Singh? That just don’t fly!

Jagdish would have had to say yes, since not only had he received a copy of the proofs of my 1984 IEA work Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India, he was kind enough to write in a letter dated 15 May 1984 that I had

“done an excellent job of setting out the problems afflicting our economic policies, unfortunately government-made problems!”

**(B) Bhagwati said to Economic Times on 28 July 2013:**

**(C) And Bhagwati said in Business Standard of 9 August 2013:**

**I felt there were inaccuracies in this and so replied dated 4 June which The Times published on 16 June 1984:**