Fact vs Falsification & Flattery in New Delhi (Revised 17 June 2013)

From Facebook 17 June 2013

Predicting the political future in India: The BJP has shot itself in the foot again, this time, to mix metaphors, on the hare-brained idea that winning India’s Median Voter is to be done by having a notorious extremist leading them; the man seems to me a poorly educated uncouth rabble-rouser, utterly unable to articulate a realistic national vision let aside a winning political strategy for anyone except himself; of course there may yet be a Big Surprise: namely he is actually used as a kind of Stalking Horse candidate, to be sidelined later in the day to allow a “moderate” face to take over… Let us see… Either way, there is no BJP-led Government in India in 2014… The Congress has been doing what it knows best which is acquiring or planning more power for itself; as I have observed since 2004, the quiet (and devious) power behind the throne remains one of Sanjay Gandhi’s notorious friends, and Sonia and her son have been pulled unambiguously in the coarse ignorant wasteful and backward direction of Indira and Sanjay **and further and further away from what I know for a fact Sonia’s husband and Rahul’s father had wanted to see in his last months**! The usual crowd of foreign weapons’ merchants and domestic Big Business and Big Labour will get their way, riding on the endless debauching of the currency that has been presided over for decades by Manmohan (and Pranab). The regional political warlords and warladies will win their due shares, and there will be a hung Parliament — which will probably end up being led by a Congress minority government with outside support… India through 2019 will not have anything like sound public finances leading towards a currency of integrity. Pari passu, the great masses of the poor and illiterate and powerless will remain the same, probably get worse as the businessman-friends of the government take over their land paying them with a debauched paper money. And of course with the systematic destruction or ruination of traditional rural employment and food markets, there might even be spots of famine here and there (caused, let us remind, by those who have been weeping so loudly about such things from far distances). But no one should see or hear or talk about any of this, and it will be conveniently drowned out by Bollywood music and cricket commentary… Such is my assessment as things stand today…

From Facebook  5 June 2013

In a sense, the question became, after Rajiv’s assassination, whom would Sonia choose to learn her political economy from and what would be its flavour and level and who would be on offer to supply this. Almost without exception, classical liberal political economy has been wholly absent in her education as an Indian political leader, and instead communists, neo-communists, communist fellow-travellers, a sleeper agent or two left over from bygone days, sundry statists and socialists besides a motley crowd of opportunists and flatterers, have held the field in her learning of political economy. The one exception was the RTI Act, but even that has become much attenuated.

From Facebook  4 June 2013

LK Advani has wisely (from his party’s point of view) realised that Narendra Modi can never lead India, and will sink the party Advani built. My harsh criticism of the Sonia-Manmohan Duumvirate notwithstanding, they remain less bad than what the BJP seem to portend.

From Facebook 2 June 2013

Subroto Roy asked Does it matter if a thread (on Kashmir) is abandoned? and is told “No.. No..Dr.Roy Its just that the legal and moral questions need debate” and says

The questions have been open for years, and might remain the same for years; my Pakistani hosts have yet to consummate their 2011 invitation for me to speak about all this; it is, in my opinion and experience, too much to expect rationality and good sense to prevail within governments or ruling classes as a general rule, especially in the subcontinent. Observe the absurd media focus on commercial cricket for weeks on end in India. For myself, I have said the biggest personal beneficiary of my 1990-91 encounter with Rajiv Gandhi was Manmohan Singh, and I would be unsurprised if the GoI offered the GoP something like the terms of my (Kashmir) solution and then passed it off as their own invention deserving a Peace Prize. So you see I am rather more sanguine about threads being abandoned.

From Facebook 1 June 2013

Subroto Roy reflects on how peculiar indeed is our Duumvirate in India these last several years… smdrIt is something never seen before. Something unprecedented. Manmohan as PM of India without being a member of the Lok Sabha! Ergo, if his Government resigns and new elections are called he does not lose his own seat — as he is in the Rajya Sabha! (Ambedkar and Nehru, and yes Indira and Rajiv, would have been appalled that India’s PM is not from the Lok Sabha as had been always intended!) He derives all his legitimacy as PM from Sonia who does command the Lok Sabha. Yet she is not officially a part of the Government! Except she and he beam down together in the Government propaganda campaign about “Bharat Nirman”… It does not make any political sense — until you see it to be based on the old USSR model of governance. Of Kosygin and Brezhnev (and Podgorny thrown in too; Pranab was one of the Indian trio after all).
kosyginBrezhnevPodgornykbpIN26_MANMOHAN-SONIA_19755e
The old USSR Communist Party with its Politburo etc was the model for the Congress with its “High Command”; the CPSU affected the Congress and the Communists in India and also the Kuomintang and the Communists in China! The BJP and friends had European fascism as their model! So India is left between fascists and communists of some or other description with nothing in between! Jeffersonian Liberals, or even a few Churchillian Conservatives or Attleean Socialists, are in short supply… (Of course it is especially odd that Sonia derives *her* power from having been Rajiv’s wife — and Rajiv had little truck with either Manmohan or Pranab; thereby hangs a tale…)

From Facebook 29 May 2013

29 May 1984, a year short of thirty years today… *The Times*, London’s leading newspaper at the time, wrote its lead editorial about my critique of Nehru-Indira economic policy… Where was Manmohan Singh? At the Planning Commission perhaps on his way to the RBI; he acknowledged in 1986 receiving from my father a copy of my critique…

From Facebook 23  May 2013

Friday June 15, 1973, my father’s diary records he gave a dinner-party at our then-Paris residence for “MGK” (MG Kaul, ICS, his good buddy and the one-time boss of Dr Manmohan Singh), “KB Lall”, “Amb” (D.N.Chatterjee), “Dr Manmohan Singh”, “RamaKrishnan”, and “Shroff”…. It may have been the next day, Saturday, that my father returned from the office with Manmohan Singh to advise me about economics, before I embarked on my undergraduate studies at the London School of Economics a few months later… Dr Singh (then in his early 40s) and I (then 18) spent about 40 minutes together alone in what became a heated debate about the influence of the USSR on Indian economic planning, he arguing in favour and me arguing, rather vehemently, against… At its end he said he would be sending a letter to me addressed to his friend Amartya Sen, then Professor at the London School of Economics, introducing me; the letter was, as I recall, ambiguous at best, harsh at worst, and I had not wished to carry it by hand but my father insisted I do… I rather wish I had kept a copy but there were no xerox machines around back then… Of course my Cambridge doctoral thesis some years later came to take a very different perspective on India than the economics of Manmohan Singh and Amartya Sen…

From Facebook, 23 May2013

“Go, go, go, said the bird: human kind

Cannot bear very much reality….”

 Certainly Indian politics, and the Government party in particular, cannot bear very much reality…


From Facebook, 12 May 2013

The saddest thing about Manmohan Singh qua statesman was simply that he quietly loved and rewarded well the sycophancy around him, and believed the myths and propaganda and general fiction created by his flatterers about his own purported achievements as an economic policy-maker since 1991. Politically, his role as nominal leader of the country and his party is now fatally wounded with the forced resignations on grounds of corruption or impropriety of two of his most sycophantic proteges (both of whom were most keen to be photographed with him as he walked to or fro, and one of whom invariably held his own hands together like a schoolgirl while walking alongside him as a superfluous mark of submissiveness)… The best thing his party can do now for itself is to get him to not be a nominee, again, for a Rajya Sabha seat from Assam (yes Assam, a state well-known for its Punjabi culture) and to get Sonia Gandhi herself to be PM to lead it into the 2014 elections… Sonia in 2013 is politically not the same as Sonia in 2004…

I should say, again, as I have said before that there is nothing personal in my critical assessment of Dr Singh’s economics and politics. To the contrary, he has been in decades past a friend or at least a colleague of my father’s, and in the autumn of 1973 visited our then-home in Paris at the request of my father to advise me, then aged 18, before I embarked on my undergraduate studies at the London School of Economics. My assessments in recent years like “The Politics of Dr Singh” or “Assessing Manmohan” etc need to be seen along with my “Assessing Vajpayee: Hindutva True and False”, “The Hypocrisy of the CPI-M”, “Against Quackery”, “Our Dismal Politics”, “Political Paralysis” etc. (Also “Mistaken Macroeconomics”, June 2009). Nothing personal is intended in any of these; the purpose at hand has been to contribute to a full and vigorous discussion of the public interest in India….

From Facebook 1 May 2013

from C.G. Somiah’s *The Honest Always Stands Alone* (Niyogi Books): “In the next meeting of the Planning Commission, the soft-spoken Dr Singh deliberated at length on the negative economic indicators prevalent in the country, which could not be ignored for providing relief in any future plan. The Prime Minister was not impressed and made some hurtful derogatory remarks about Dr Singh’s presentation. He then turned to the other members for comments but none of them had the courage to speak up. He finally turned to me and said sarcastically, ‘Let us hear what the Secretary has to say about the approach to the plan.’……A few days later the Prime Minister shared his thoughts with journalists, calling us a ‘bunch of jokers’ who were bereft of any modern ideas of development. When this news made headlines in the newspapers, Dr Singh, emerging out of an urgent meeting with the other members, called me to his office. He looked distraught and terribly upset with the Prime Minister’s remarks. He told me that he was tendering his resignation as he seems to have lost the confidence of the Prime Minister. I sat with him for nearly an hour and told him not to take the extreme step and blamed the Prime Minister’s ignorance for this behaviour. I further advised that since the Prime Minister was young and inexperienced, it was our duty to educate him rather than abandon him…. “

– Manmohan traipsed off to join Nyerere’s “South South” project in 1987 and was not physically in India when I on 18 Sep 1990 gave Rajiv the results of the perestroika-for -India project that I had led at the Univ of Hawaii since 1986… Manmohan’s name was not mentioned again until 22March 1991 when MK Rasgotra challenged the proposals that I had written for Rajiv (in Rajiv’s absence) wanting to know what Manmohan Singh would make of them…

“The next day, Friday March 22, I worked from dawn to get the penultimate draft to Krishna Rao before noon as planned the night before. Rasgotra arrived shortly, and the three of us worked until evening to finish the job. I left for an hour to print out copies for a meeting of the entire group, where the draft we were going to submit would come to be decided. When I got back I found Rasgotra had launched an extended and quite unexpected attack on what had been written on economic policy. Would someone like Manmohan Singh, Rasgotra wanted to know, agree with all this talk we were putting in about liberalization and industrial efficiency? I replied I did not know what Manmohan Singh’s response would be but I knew he had been in Africa heading something called the South-South Commission for Julius Nyrere of Tanzania. I said what was needed was a clear forceful statement designed to restore India’s credit-worthiness, and the confidence of international markets. I said that the sort of thing we should aim for was to make clear, e.g. to the IMF’s man in Delhi when that person read the manifesto, that the Congress Party at least knew its economics and was planning to make bold new steps in the direction of progress. I had argued the night before with Rasgotra that on foreign policy we should “go bilateral” with good strong ties with individual countries, and drop all the multilateral hogwash. But I did not wish to enter into a fight on foreign policy which he was writing, so long as the economic policy was left the way we said. Krishnamurty, Khusro and Pitroda came to my defence saying the draft we had done greatly improved on the March 18 draft. For a bare half hour or so with all of us present, the draft was agreed upon. Later that night at Andhra Bhavan, I gave Krishna Rao the final copy of the draft manifesto which he was going to give Narasimha Rao the next day, and sent a copy to Krishnamurty who was liaising with Pranab Mukherjee. Pitroda got a copy on a floppy disc the next day for Solanki.”

Ragini Bhuyan asked me “You mentioned that Milton Friedman in 1955 had proposed a convertible currency for India on the lines of the Canadian currency. Why was this suppressed by the GoI?”

I said:
“The ideology of India’s economists was one of Sovietesque pseudo-socialism and that has remained the ideology of many. Discussing Milton’s memorandum at the time would have exploded that, which is what I ended up doing decades later. Rajiv Gandhi agreed with me. Sonia Gandhi and Manmohan Singh apparently do not.”

From Facebook 5 February 2013:

Subroto Roy reads “The sense of importance is familiar territory for someone who is remembered as one of the posterboys of economic reforms of 1991. Together with boss and mentor Manmohan Singh, then the country’s finance minister, Ahluwalia and a team of bureaucrats plotted and executed the dismantling of the licence permit raj and the liberalisation of the Indian economy. Immortalised by their trademark light blue turbans, the senior Singh dreamt up the big changes while Ahluwalia and the other officials worked out the policy nuts and bolts and explained them to the world”

and says

“the senior Singh dreamt up the big changes”?

Nope. He did not. ** He was out of the loop** and had nothing to do with originating the 1991 reform when I gave Rajiv Gandhi the results of the UH-Manoa perestroika-for-India project that I had led since 1986… The pink business newspapers, the comprador media, and other vested interests have created a fiction, now exposed…

Do you see Manmohan Singh or Montek Ahluwalia in the photograph? Probably not as they were not there. They, after all, represented the system we were trying to reform!

From Facebook 21 January 2013

Subroto Roy reads Rahul Gandhi to have said yesterday

“And it’s an honour that Manmohan Singhji is sitting here because he spearheaded another revolution. In 1991, he unleashed the voice of thousands in the field of entrepreneurship and changed this country forever”

and says

Manmohan Singh had nothing to do with originating the 1991 economic reform. To the contrary, he represented the system we were seeking to reform!  He has not claimed to have done anything himself but he has allowed others to do so on his behalf. It is a flattering fiction, though an explicable one as it allows facades to be created in the media behind which real economic and political forces may work as normal, specifically, Russian and European weapons’ merchants.

From Facebook 17 Dec 2012

Subroto Roy says to Mr Sathe, Shekhar, changing the direction of a ship of state is very hard, knowing in which direction it should change and to what degree is even harder; it has rarely been something that can be done without random shocks arising let aside the power of vested interests. Had Rajiv Gandhi lived to form a new Government, I have little doubt I would have led the reform that I had chalked out for him and that he had approved of; Sonia Gandhi would have remained the housewife, mother and grandmother that she had preferred to be and not been made into the Queen of India by her party; Manmohan Singh had left India in 1987 for the Nyerere project and it had been rumoured at the time that had been slightly to do with him protesting, to the extent that he ever has protested anything, the anti-Sikh pogrom that some of Rajiv’s friends had apparently unleashed after Indira’s killing; he returned in Nov 1990, joined Chandrashekhar in Dec 1990, left Chandrashekhar in March 1991 when elections were announced and was biding his time as head of the UPSC; had Rajiv Gandhi lived, Manmohan Singh would have had a governor’s career path, becoming the governor of this or that state one after next; he would not have been brought into the economic reform process which he had had nothing to do with originating; and finally Pranab Mukherjee, who had been made to leave the Congress when Rajiv took over, would have been likely rehabilitated slowly but would not have come to control the working of the party as he did. I think I have said in my Lok Sabha TV interview that there have been many microeconomic improvements arising from technological progress in the last 20+ years but the macroeconomic and monetary situation is grim, because at root the fiscal situation remains incoherent and confused. I do not see anyone in Manmohan Singh’s entourage among all his many acolytes and flatterers and apologists who is able to get to these root problems.

 

Facebook March 26 2011

Mr Chidambaram knows better than that!

by Subroto Roy

I remain amused by the powers-that-be in Delhi continuing to attempt to deny me credit for the origins of the 1991 economic reform based on the UH-Manoa perestroika-for-India project I had led 1986-1992, and the results of which I brought with me to my first meeting with Rajiv Gandhi on September 18 1990.

After almost a decade of relentless pressure from me for the truth to be told, Rajiv’s widow on December 28 2009 finally admitted her late husband “left his personal imprint on the (Congress) party’s manifesto of 1991″.

Now yesterday, March 25 2011, Mr Chidambaram has admitted “The Congress manifesto prepared for the general elections in 1991 did talk about an agenda of reforms but with the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, there was no certainty that these would have remained on the agenda”.

Well, Mr Chidambaram, you know better than that!  Did you not yourself say in Tokyo in April 1993 that the reform “was not miraculous” but based on “rewriting of the Congress manifesto while in Opposition. We were ready when we came back to power in 1991″? (And as for those two former World Bank types with you on the podium yesterday, one was out of the country and cannot possibly claim to have been part of anything, though he had begged me to come to Hawaii and I had said sorry, no; the other, well, perhaps the less said about his capacity for self-delusion the better for India (though his shift from Sovietism to Americanism and his power to waffle endlessly on TV etc is a true bureaucratic marvel). The third man on the podium with you was someone I had tried hard to get to come to Hawaii, upon recommendation of Sukhamoy Chakravarty; but he could not make it; he though has inevitably lost his way for some years now with his wish to stay in Delhi much longer than he should ever have done.)

The simple truth is very simple: the positive change in direction of the Congress Party’s economic and other thinking  occurred due to the Congress President’s meeting with me on September 18 1990, where I gave him the perestroika-for-India project results and advised him to look to the future and write a fresh and modern manifesto. He agreed with his actions the following week, and subsequently, viz., Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform. Later, after his assassination, against which I had warned, the process came to be taken over by the greedy and the mendacious (specifically, organised big business lobbies, big bureaucrats and politicians, Soviet sleeper agents etc). So the truth got lost and has had to be reconstructed slowly.

(And puleaaase, baba, Manmohan Singh or any of his acolytes had nothing to do with it! Not in the loop! After all, if they had had the creativity and economic knowledge and intellectual honesty and courage, during all their years and decades in the Government of India and sundry international bureaucracies, to do what we did, they would and should have done it!  But there is just no evidence that they did, sorry baba! Time almost to say Uff!)

My colleague Ted James who with me led the Hawaii projects said of it in January 2010 a few months before he tragically died: “Seldom are significant reforms imposed successfully by international bureaucracies. Most often they are the result of indigenous actors motivated by domestic imperatives. I believe this was the case in India in 1991. It may have been fortuitous that Dr. Roy gained an audience with a receptive Rajiv Gandhi in 1990 but it was not luck that he was prepared with a well-thought out program; this arose from years of careful thought and debate on the matter.”

Why all this is important is not because I want a national award and due recognition etc, which I won’t of course mind getting, but because Dr Singh, Mr Chidambaram et al (as well as all the BJP and CPI-M etc people in Delhi too) have rather ruined the fisc, the currency and the exchanges…. It may be hopeless….

From Facebook December 20 2010

Subroto Roy is glad to hear today, for the first time, Dr Manmohan Singh explicitly praise Rajiv Gandhi for chalking out the roadmap of the 1991 economic reform, as Rajiv did thanks to his encounter with the UH-Manoa project I had led since 1986. At last year’s Congress Party meet, Sonia Gandhi for the first time on Dec 28 2009 said Rajiv “left his personal imprint on the (Congress) party’s manifesto of 1991″. Better late than never.

From Facebook Sep 20 2010

Subroto Roy  notes the 20th anniversary just passed over the weekend of Rajiv Gandhi’s encounter with the UH-Manoa peresteroika-for-India project that I had led. On Sep 18 1990, when Rajiv and I first met, Dr Manmohan Singh was not physically in India, ending his final assignment before retirement with Julius Nyerere of Tanzania. Of the others whom Rajiv appointed along with myself as advisers a week later on Sep 25 1990, at least one has recently proved to be mendacious in print — stating Manmohan Singh and not I was in the group that got created on Sep 25 following my single meeting with Rajiv on Sep 18! — and I had to expose the mendacity; he has not sued me for calling him a liar because, of course, truth is a first and full defence against a charge of defamation!

National policy should not float on self-delusion and flattery and myth and mendacity — or grave problems like Kashmir and macroeconomic inflation are the inevitable result.

I have met Mrs Sonia Gandhi once in December 1991 when I gave her a tape of her husband’s conversations with me during the Gulf War; she later in 2001 was kind enough to write acknowledging receipt of an earlier draft of this story.


From Facebook  June 26 2010:

Subroto Roy reads yet another of New Delhi’s economic bluff-masters say in today’s pink business newspaper: “The architect of reforms in 1991 was… Manmohan Singh”. Manmohan is on record himself  that he had nothing to do with it, & all the bluff-masters know for a fact but cannot admit it happened due to my encounter with Rajiv Gandhi beginning Sep 18 1990 when I gave him the results of the UH Manoa project I had led since 1986.


(Subroto Roy notes that this particular bluff-master is yet another who calls himself a Dr but cannot recall or state where his PhD is from or what if anything his dissertation was about. The stench of intellectual fraud from purported economists in New Delhi continues to keep me as nauseated as a pregnant Johanna Van Beethoven.)

From Facebook:

Subroto Roy  has great sympathy for the people who were made to officially disappear by Stalin – and suggests that even today old Stalinist habits die hard in countries where there has been no liberal revolution against them.

Subroto Roy  is amused to read in the pink business papers this morning more self-serving fabrication emerge out of New Delhi’s vapid formerly Stalinist bureaucrats about what happened in 1990-91. And says he must dig out those old Stalinist photos which rubbed out Trotsky from standing beside Lenin! Hey Trotsky, I need some advice, man! Please channel…

Subroto Roy  finally declares, on the basis of what Dr Manmohan Singh’s chief aide Chief Acolyte said yesterday as quoted in the pink business papers today, that there has been a systematic attempt at a Stalinist falsification of history in New Delhi as to what happened between September 18 1990 and March 23 1991 with respect to the prospective economic policy-making of the Congress Government following the 1991 election. The falsification has failed and is destined to fail further.

Subroto Roy  needs to channel Trotsky: “Leon Trotsky was a close friend of Lenin, and shared his idealistic ideas about the communist state. In the following photographs he canbe seen together with Lenin. The next set of images are nearly identical,however Trotsky is removed from both photographs. The historical reason for this alteration is that Stalin eventually began to see Trotsky as a threat and labeled him an “enemy of the people”. After he was deported from the Soviet Union in 1929, Trotsky criticized Stalin’s leadership, arguing that the dictatorship Stalin exercised was based on his own interests, rather than those of the people. This contributed substantially to Trotsky’s removal from photographs and history.”

Sonia’s Lying Courtier (with Postscript) November 25, 2007

Two Sundays ago in an English-language Indian newspaper, an elderly man in his 80s, advertised as being “the Gandhi family’s favourite technocrat” published some deliberate falsehoods about events in Delhi 17 years ago surrounding Rajiv Gandhi’s last months. I wrote at once to the man, let me call him Mr C, asking him to correct the falsehoods since, after all, it was possible he had stated them inadvertently or thoughtlessly or through faulty memory. He did not do so. I then wrote to a friend of his, a Congress Party MP from his State, who should be expected to know the truth, and I suggested to him that he intercede with his friend to make the corrections, since I did not wish, if at all possible, to be compelled to call an elderly man a liar in public.

That did not happen either and hence I am, with sadness and regret, compelled to call Mr C a liar.

The newspaper article reported that Mr C’s “relationship with Rajiv (Gandhi) would become closer when (Rajiv) was out of power” and that Mr C “was part of a group that brainstormed with Rajiv every day on a different subject”. Mr C has reportedly said Rajiv’s “learning period came after he left his job” as PM, and “the others (in the group)” were Mr A, Mr B, Mr D, Mr E “*and Manmohan Singh*” (italics added).

In reality, Mr C was a retired pro-USSR bureaucrat aged in his late 60s in September 1990 when Rajiv Gandhi was Leader of the Opposition and Congress President. Manmohan Singh was an about-to-retire bureaucrat who in September 1990 was not physically present in India, having been working for Julius Nyerere of Tanzania for several years.

On 18 September 1990, upon recommendation of Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Rajiv Gandhi met me at 10 Janpath, where I handed him a copy of the unpublished results of an academic “perestroika-for-India” project I had led at the University if Hawaii since 1986. The story of that encounter has been told first on July 31-August 2 1991 in The Statesman, then in the October 2001 issue of Freedom First, then in January 6-8 2006, September 23-24 2007 in The Statesman, and most recently in The Statesman Festival Volume 2007. The last of these speaks most fully yet of my warnings against Rajiv’s vulnerability to assassination; this document in unpublished form was sent by me to Rajiv’s friend, Mr Suman Dubey in July 2005, who forwarded it with my permission to the family of Rajiv Gandhi.

It was at the 18 September 1990 meeting that I suggested to Rajiv that he should plan to have a modern election manifesto written. The next day, 19 September, I was asked by Rajiv’s assistant V George to stay in Delhi for a few days as Mr Gandhi wished me to meet some people. I was not told whom I was to meet but that there would be a meeting on Monday, 24th September. On Saturday, the Monday meeting was postponed to Tuesday 25th September because one of the persons had not been able to get a flight into Delhi. I pressed to know what was going on, and was told I would meet Mr A, Mr B, Mr C and Mr D. It turned out later Mr A was the person who could not fly in from Hyderabad.

The group (excluding Mr B who failed to turn up because his servant had failed to give him the right message) met Rajiv at 10 Janpath in the afternoon of 25th September. We were asked by Rajiv to draft technical aspects of a modern manifesto for an election that was to be expected in April 1991. The documents I had given Rajiv a week earlier were distributed to the group. The full story of what transpired has been told in my previous publications.

Mr C was ingratiating towards me after that first meeting with Rajiv and insisted on giving me a ride in his car which he told me was the very first Maruti ever manufactured. He flattered me needlessly by saying that my PhD (in economics from Cambridge University) was real whereas his own doctoral degree had been from a dubious management institute of the USSR. (Handling out such doctoral degrees was apparently a standard Soviet way of gaining influence.) Mr C has not stated in public how his claim to the title of “Dr” arises.

Following that 25 September 1990 meeting, Mr C did absolutely nothing for several months towards the purpose Rajiv had set us, stating he was very busy with private business in his home-state where he flew to immediately. Mr D went abroad and was later hit by severe illness. Mr B, Mr A and I met for luncheon at New Delhi’s Andhra Bhavan where the former explained how he had missed the initial meeting. Then Mr B said he was very busy with his house-construction, and Mr A said he was very busy with finishing a book for his publishers on Indian defence, and both begged off, like Mr C and Mr D, from any of the work that Rajiv had explicitly set our group. My work and meeting with Rajiv in October 1990 has been reported previously.

Mr C has not merely suppressed my name from the group in what he has published in the newspaper article two Sundays ago, he has stated he met Rajiv as part of such a group “every day on a different subject”, another falsehood. The next meeting of the group with Rajiv was in fact only in December 1990, when the Chandrashekhar Government was discussed. I was called by telephone in the USA by Rajiv’s assistant V George but I was unable to attend, and was briefed later about it by Mr A.

When new elections were finally announced in March 1991, Mr C brought in Mr E into the group in my absence (so he told me), perhaps in the hope I would remain absent. But I returned to Delhi and between March 18 1991 and March 22 1991, our group, including Mr E (who did have a genuine PhD), produced an agreed-upon document. That document was handed over by us together in a group to Rajiv Gandhi at 10 Janpath the next day, and also went to the official political manifesto committee of Narasimha Rao, Pranab Mukherjee and M. Solanki.

Our group, as appointed by Rajiv on 25 September 1990, came to an end with the submission of the desired document to Rajiv on 23 March 1991.

As for Manmohan Singh, contrary to Mr C’s falsehood, Manmohan Singh has himself truthfully said he was with the Nyerere project until November 1990, then joined Chandrashekhar’s PMO in December 1990 which he left in March 1991, that he had no meeting with Rajiv Gandhi prior to Rajiv’s assassination but rather did not in fact enter Indian politics at all until invited by Narasimha Rao several weeks later to be Finance Minister. In other words, Manmohan Singh himself is on record stating facts that demonstrate Mr C’s falsehood.

The economic policy sections of the document submitted to Rajiv on 23 March 1991 had been drafted largely by myself with support of Mr E and Mr D and Mr C as well. It was done over the objections of Mr B, who had challenged me by asking what Manmohan Singh would think of it. I had replied I had no idea what Manmohan Singh would think of it, saying I knew he had been out of the country on the Nyerere project for some years.

Mr C has deliberately excluded my name from the group and deliberately added Manmohan Singh’s instead. What explains this attempted falsification of facts – reminiscent of totalitarian practices in communist countries? Manmohan Singh was not involved by his own admission, and as Finance Minister told me so directly when he and I were introduced in Washington DC in September 1993 by Siddhartha Shankar Ray, then Indian Ambassador to the USA.

A possible explanation for Mr C’s mendacity is as follows: I have been recently publishing the fact that I repeatedly pleaded warnings that I (even as a layman on security issues) perceived Rajiv Gandhi to have been insecure and vulnerable to assassination. Mr C, Mr B and Mr A were among the main recipients of my warnings and my advice as to what we as a group, appointed by Rajiv, should have done towards protecting Rajiv better. They did nothing — though each of them was a senior man then aged in his late 60s at the time and fully familiar with Delhi’s workings while I was a 35 year old newcomer. After Rajiv was assassinated, I was disgusted with what I had seen of the Congress Party and Delhi, and did not return except to meet Rajiv’s widow once in December 1991 to give her a copy of a tape in which her late husband’s voice was recorded in conversations with me during the Gulf War.

Mr C has inveigled himself into Sonia Gandhi’s coterie – while Manmohan Singh went from being mentioned in our group by Mr B to becoming Narasimha Rao’s Finance Minister and Sonia Gandhi’s Prime Minister. If Rajiv had not been assassinated, Sonia Gandhi would have been merely a happy grandmother today and not India’s purported ruler. India would also have likely not have been the macroeconomic and political mess that the mendacious people around Sonia Gandhi like Mr C have now led it towards.

POSTSCRIPT: The Congress MP was kind enough to write in shortly afterwards; he confirmed he “recognize(d) that Rajivji did indeed consult you in 1990-1991 about the future direction of economic policy.” A truth is told and, furthermore, the set of genuine Rajivists in the present Congress Party is identified as non-null.

Subroto Roy… reads Manmohan Singh’s Media-Flatterer-in-Chief (as opposed to the Chief Acolyte) claim in the pink business newspaper today that a young Dr Singh in 1974-5 had “crafted” a “strategy” to reduce India’s “hyperinflation” and purportedly won Indira Gandhi’s praise & confidence. Sheer nonsense I am afraid. There was no “hyperinflation” at the time in India, only a massive readjustment of relative prices caused by the first oil shock & a lot of “repressed inflation” typical of controlled economies. People like LK Jha & PN Dhar (if memory serves rightly) were the key economic decision-makers, not Dr Singh. The “strategy” was one of “forced saving” and price-controls (i.e., almost no “strategy” at all). And the data show it did not work! Look up *Indian Economic Journal*, Special No in Monetary Economics Oct-Dec 1975, especially the keynote address by my great professor, Frank Hahn, titled “Money and General Equilibrium”, republished in *Money, Growth and Stability* (MIT 1984)…

About these ads

“I have a student called Suby Roy…”: Reflections on Frank Hahn (1925-2013), my master in economic theory

hahn

1. “What was relatively weak at LSE was general economic theory. We were good at deriving the Best Linear Unbiased Estimator but left unsatisfied with our grasp of the theory of value that constituted the roots of our discipline. I managed a First and was admitted to Cambridge as a Research Student in 1976, where fortune had Frank Hahn choose me as a student. That at the outset was protection from the communist cabal that ran “development economics” with whom almost all the Indians ended up. I was wholly impecunious in my first year as a Research Student, and had to, for example, proof-read Arrow and Hahn’s General Competitive Analysis for its second edition to receive 50 pounds sterling from Hahn which kept me going for a short time. My exposure to Hahn’s subtle, refined and depthless thought as an economist of the first rank led to fascination and wonderment, and I read and re-read his “On the notion of equilibrium in economics”, “On the foundations of monetary theory”, “Keynesian economics and general equilibrium theory” and other clear-headed attempts to integrate the theory of value with the theory of money — a project Wicksell and Marshall had (perhaps wisely) not attempted and Keynes, Hicks and Patinkin had failed at.

Hahn insisted a central question was to ask how money, which is intrinsically worthless, can have any value, why anyone should want to hold it. The practical relevance of this question is manifest. India today in 2007 has an inconvertible currency, vast and growing public debt financed by money-creation, and more than two dozen fiscally irresponsible State governments without money-creating powers. While pondering, over the last decade, whether India’s governance could be made more responsible if States were given money-creating powers, I have constantly had Hahn’s seemingly abstruse question from decades ago in mind, as to why anyone will want to hold State currencies in India, as to whether the equilibrium price of those monies would be positive. (Lerner in fact gave an answer in 1945 when he suggested that any money would have value if its issuer agreed to collect liabilities in it — as a State collects taxes – and that may be the simplest road that bridges the real/monetary divide.)

Though we were never personal friends and I did not ingratiate myself with Hahn as did many others, my respect for him only grew when I saw how he had protected my inchoate classical liberal arguments for India from the most vicious attacks that they were open to from the communists. My doctoral thesis, initially titled “A monetary theory for India”, had to be altered due to paucity of monetary data at the time, as well as the fact India’s problems of political economy and allocation of real resources were more pressing, and so the thesis became “On liberty and economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”. When no internal examiner could be found, the University of Cambridge, at Hahn’s insistence, showed its greatness by appointing two externals: C. J. Bliss at Oxford and T. W. Hutchison at Birmingham, former students of Hahn and Joan Robinson respectively. My thesis received the most rigorous and fairest imaginable evaluation from them…”

2. “Frank Hahn believed in throwing students in at the deep end — or so it seemed to me when, within weeks of my arrival at Cambridge as a 21 year old Research Student, he insisted I present my initial ideas on the foundations of monetary theory at his weekly seminar.

untitled4

I was petrified but somehow managed to give a half-decent lecture before a standing-room only audience in what used to be called the “Keynes Room” in the Cambridge Economics Department. (It helped that a few months earlier, as a final year undergraduate at the LSE, I had been required to give a lecture at ACL Day’s Seminar on international monetary economics. It is a practice I came to follow with my students in due course, as there may be no substitute in learning how to think while standing up.) I shall try to publish exactly what I said at my Hahn-seminar when I find the document; broadly, it had to do with the crucial problem Hahn had identified a dozen years earlier in Patinkin’s work by asking what was required for the price of money to be positive in a general equilibrium, i.e. why do people everywhere hold and use money when it is intrinsically worthless. Patinkin’s utility function had real money balances appearing along with other goods; Hahn’s “On Some Problems of Proving the Existence of an Equilibrium in a Monetary Economy” in Theory of Interest Rates (1965), was the decisive criticism of this, where he showed that Patinkin’s formulation could not ensure a non-zero price for money in equilibrium. Hence Patinkin’s was a model in which money might not be held and therefore failed a vital requirement of a monetary economy. The announcement of my seminar was scribbled by a young Cambridge lecturer named Oliver Hart, later a distinguished member of MIT and Harvard University.”

3.   Then there was Sraffa…I saw him many a time, in the Marshall Library… He would smile very broadly at me and without saying anything  indicate with his hand to invite me to his office.. I fled in some fear… It was very stupid of me of course… Joan Robinson cornered me once and took me into the office she shared with EAG… She came at me for an hour or so wishing to supervise me, I kept declining politely… saying I was with Frank Hahn and wished to work on money… “What does Frankie know about India?” she said… I said I did not know but he did know about monetary theory and that was what I needed for India;  I also said I did not think much about the Indian Marxists she had supervised… and mentioned a prominent name… she said about him, “Yes most of what he does can go straight into the dustbin”…

4.   “I had been attracted to Cambridge partly by its old reputation for philosophy, especially that of Wittgenstein. But I met no worthwhile philosophers there until a few months before I was to leave for the United States in 1980, when I chanced upon the work of Renford Bambrough. Hahn had challenged me with the question, “how are you so sure your value judgements promoting liberty blah-blah are better than those of Chenery and the development economists?” It was a question that led inevitably to ethics and its epistemology — when I chanced upon Bambrough’s work, and that of his philosophical master, John Wisdom, the immense expanse of metaphysics (or ontology) opened up as well. “Then felt I like some watcher of the skies, When a new planet swims into his ken; Or like stout Cortez when with eagle eyes, He star’d at the Pacific…””

5. “I went to Virginia because James M. Buchanan was there, and he, along with FA Hayek, were whom Hahn decided to write on my behalf. Hayek said he was too old to accept me but wrote me kind and generous letters praising and hence encouraging my inchoate liberal thoughts and arguments. Buchanan was welcoming and I learnt much from him and his colleagues about the realities of public finance and democratic politics, which I quickly applied in my work on India…” Hahn told me he did not know Buchanan but he did know Hayek well and that his wife Dorothy had been an original member of the Mont Pelerin Society in 1947 or 1948. Hence I am amused reading a prominent NYU “American Austrian” say about Frank’s passing “I do think economics would have been better off if the Arrow-Debreu-Hahn approach had not been taken so seriously by the profession. I think it turned out to be an intellectual straight-jacket that prevented the discussion of valuable outside-the-box ideas”, and am tempted to paraphrase the closing lines of Tractatus — “Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent/About what one can not speak, one must remain silent” — to read “Of that of which we are ignorant, we should at least try not to gas about…” Hahn and Hayek were friends, from when Hayek taught at the London School of Economics in Robbins’ seminar, and Hahn was Robbins’ doctoral student.

6. “The Hawaii project manuscript contained inter alia a memorandum by Milton Friedman done at the request of the Government of India in November 1955, which had been suppressed for 34 years until I published it in May 1989. Milton and Rose Friedman refer to this in their memoirs Two Lucky People (Chicago 1998). Peter Bauer had told me of the existence of Friedman’s document during my doctoral work at Cambridge under Frank Hahn in the late 1970s, as did N. Georgescu-Roegen in America. Those were years in which Brezhnev still ruled in the Kremlin, Gorbachev was yet to emerge, Indira Gandhi and her pro-Moscow advisers were ensconced in New Delhi, and not even the CIA had imagined the Berlin Wall would fall and the Cold War would be over within a decade. It was academic suicide at the time to argue in favour of classical liberal economics even in the West. As a 22-year-old Visiting Assistant Professor at the Delhi School of Economics in 1977, I was greeted with uproarious laughter of senior professors when I spoke of a possible free market in foreign exchange. Cambridge was a place where Indian economists went to study the exploitation of peasants in Indian agriculture before returning to their friends in the well-known bastions of such matters in Delhi and Calcutta. It was not a place where Indian (let alone Bengali) doctoral students in economics mentioned the unmentionable names of Hayek or Friedman or Buchanan, and insisted upon giving their works a hearing. My original doctoral topic in 1976 “A monetary theory for India” had to be altered not only due to paucity of monetary data at the time but because the problems of India’s political economy and allocation of resources in the real economy were far more pressing. The thesis that emerged in 1982 “On liberty and economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India” was a full frontal assault from the point of view of microeconomic theory on the “development planning” to which everyone routinely declared their fidelity, from New Delhi’s bureaucrats and Oxford’s “development” school to McNamara’s World Bank with its Indian staffers. Frank Hahn protected my inchoate liberal arguments for India; and when no internal examiner could be found, Cambridge showed its greatness by appointing two externals, Bliss at Oxford and Hutchison at Birmingham, both Cambridge men.”

7. “I have a student called Suby Roy…”  Frank sends me to America in 1980 to work with Jim Buchanan… One letter from him was all it took…

269343_10151251945912285_471582801_n

And then five years later in 1985 he calls me “probably the outstanding young Hayekian”, says I had brought “a good knowledge of economics and of philosophy to bear on the literature on economic planning”, had “a good knowledge of economic theory” and that my “critique of Development Economics was powerful not only on methodological but also on economic theory grounds” — all that to me has been a special source of delight.

65240_10151251948807285_1328788833_n

We did not meet often after I left Cambridge but he wrote very kindly always, and finally said, hearing of my travails and troubles and adventures, “well you are having an interesting life…”…

In America, I once met Robert M Solow in a hotel elevator as we were on a  panel at a conference together; I  introduced myself as Hahn’s student… “Aren’t you lucky?” said Solow with a smile…and he was right… I was lucky…

I said of Milton Friedman that he had been “the greatest economist after John Maynard Keynes”;  Milton’s critic, Frank Hahn, may have been the greatest economic theorist of modern times.

447px-Frank_Hahn

                                                                                                                                                        Frank Hahn (1925-2013)

Sonia Gandhi on the origins of the 1991 economic reform (Updated 17 Dec 2012)

From Facebook 17 Dec 2012

Subroto Roy says to Mr Sathe, Shekhar, changing the direction of a ship of state is very hard, knowing in which direction it should change and to what degree is even harder; it has rarely been something that can be done without random shocks arising let aside the power of vested interests. Had Rajiv Gandhi lived to form a new Government, I have little doubt I would have led the reform that I had chalked out for him and that he had approved of; Sonia Gandhi would have remained the housewife, mother and grandmother that she had preferred to be and not been made into the Queen of India by her party; Manmohan Singh had left India in 1987 for the Nyerere project and it had been rumoured at the time that had been slightly to do with him protesting, to the extent that he ever has protested anything, the anti-Sikh pogrom that some of Rajiv’s friends had apparently unleashed after Indira’s killing; he returned in Nov 1990, joined Chandrashekhar in Dec 1990, left Chandrashekhar in March 1991 when elections were announced and was biding his time as head of the UPSC; had Rajiv Gandhi lived, Manmohan Singh would have had a governor’s career path, becoming the governor of this or that state one after next; he would not have been brought into the economic reform process which he had had nothing to do with originating; and finally Pranab Mukherjee, who had been made to leave the Congress when Rajiv took over, would have been likely rehabilitated slowly but would not have come to control the working of the party as he did. I think I have said in my Lok Sabha TV interview that there have been many microeconomic improvements arising from technological progress in the last 20+ years but the macroeconomic and monetary situation is grim, because at root the fiscal situation remains incoherent and confused. I do not see anyone in Manmohan Singh’s entourage among all his many acolytes and flatterers and apologists who is able to get to these root problems.

Facebook March 26 2011

Mr Chidambaram knows better than that!

by Subroto Roy

I remain amused by the powers-that-be in Delhi continuing to attempt to deny me credit for the origins of the 1991 economic reform based on the UH-Manoa perestroika-for-India project I had led 1986-1992, and the results of which I brought with me to my first meeting with Rajiv Gandhi on September 18 1990.

After almost a decade of relentless pressure from me for the truth to be told, Rajiv’s widow on December 28 2009 finally admitted her late husband “left his personal imprint on the (Congress) party’s manifesto of 1991″.

Now yesterday, March 25 2011, Mr Chidambaram has admitted “The Congress manifesto prepared for the general elections in 1991 did talk about an agenda of reforms but with the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, there was no certainty that these would have remained on the agenda”.

Well, Mr Chidambaram, you know better than that!  Did you not yourself say in Tokyo in April 1993 that the reform “was not miraculous” but based on “rewriting of the Congress manifesto while in Opposition. We were ready when we came back to power in 1991″? (And as for those two former World Bank types with you on the podium yesterday, one was out of the country and cannot possibly claim to have been part of anything, though he had begged me to come to Hawaii and I had said sorry, no; the other, well, perhaps the less said about his capacity for self-delusion the better for India (though his shift from Sovietism to Americanism and his power to waffle endlessly on TV etc is a true bureaucratic marvel). The third man on the podium with you was someone I had tried hard to get to come to Hawaii, upon recommendation of Sukhamoy Chakravarty; but he could not make it; he though has inevitably lost his way for some years now with his wish to stay in Delhi much longer than he should ever have done.)

The simple truth is very simple: the positive change in direction of the Congress Party’s economic and other thinking  occurred due to the Congress President’s meeting with me on September 18 1990, where I gave him the perestroika-for-India project results and advised him to look to the future and write a fresh and modern manifesto. He agreed with his actions the following week, and subsequently, viz., Rajiv Gandhi and the Origins of India’s 1991 Economic Reform. Later, after his assassination, against which I had warned, the process came to be taken over by the greedy and the mendacious (specifically, organised big business lobbies, big bureaucrats and politicians, Soviet sleeper agents etc). So the truth got lost and has had to be reconstructed slowly.

(And puleaaase, baba, Manmohan Singh or any of his acolytes had nothing to do with it! Not in the loop! After all, if they had had the creativity and economic knowledge and intellectual honesty and courage, during all their years and decades in the Government of India and sundry international bureaucracies, to do what we did, they would and should have done it!  But there is just no evidence that they did, sorry baba! Time almost to say Uff!)

My colleague Ted James who with me led the Hawaii projects said of it in January 2010 a few months before he tragically died: “Seldom are significant reforms imposed successfully by international bureaucracies. Most often they are the result of indigenous actors motivated by domestic imperatives. I believe this was the case in India in 1991. It may have been fortuitous that Dr. Roy gained an audience with a receptive Rajiv Gandhi in 1990 but it was not luck that he was prepared with a well-thought out program; this arose from years of careful thought and debate on the matter.”

Why all this is important is not because I want a national award and due recognition etc, which I won’t of course mind getting, but because Dr Singh, Mr Chidambaram et al (as well as all the BJP and CPI-M etc people in Delhi too) have rather ruined the fisc, the currency and the exchanges…. It may be hopeless….

From Facebook December 20 2010

Subroto Roy is glad to hear today, for the first time, Dr Manmohan Singh explicitly praise Rajiv Gandhi for chalking out the roadmap of the 1991 economic reform, as Rajiv did thanks to his encounter with the UH-Manoa project I had led since 1986. At last year’s Congress Party meet, Sonia Gandhi for the first time on Dec 28 2009 said Rajiv “left his personal imprint on the (Congress) party’s manifesto of 1991″. Better late than never.

From Facebook Sep 20 2010

Subroto Roy  notes the 20th anniversary just passed over the weekend of Rajiv Gandhi’s encounter with the UH-Manoa peresteroika-for-India project that I had led. On Sep 18 1990, when Rajiv and I first met, Dr Manmohan Singh was not physically in India, ending his final assignment before retirement with Julius Nyerere of Tanzania. Of the others whom Rajiv appointed along with myself as advisers a week later on Sep 25 1990, at least one has recently proved to be mendacious in print — stating Manmohan Singh and not I was in the group that got created on Sep 25 following my single meeting with Rajiv on Sep 18! — and I had to expose the mendacity; he has not sued me for calling him a liar because, of course, truth is a first and full defence against a charge of defamation!

National policy should not float on self-delusion and flattery and myth and mendacity — or grave problems like Kashmir and macroeconomic inflation are the inevitable result.

I have met Mrs Sonia Gandhi once in December 1991 when I gave her a tape of her husband’s conversations with me during the Gulf War; she later in 2001 was kind enough to write acknowledging receipt of an earlier draft of this story.

From Facebook  (December 29, 2009):

Subroto Roy is pleased that Sonia Gandhi has finally said, yesterday (December 28 2009), her late husband Rajiv “left his personal imprint on the (Congress) party’s manifesto of 1991″. He did — thanks to his encounter with me dated Sep 18 1990 where I gave him a copy of the results of the perestroika-for-India project I had led at a US university since 1986, as well as my May 29 1984 IEA monograph that had provoked the lead editorial of *The Times* of London when first published (based on my Cambridge doctoral thesis under Frank Hahn).  I was very warmly introduced to Rajiv thanks to Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Bar-at-Law, senior Congress Party politician and my senior counsel in India’s Supreme Court during a grave international custody battle. The story of my encounter with Rajiv has now been fully told in the Indian newspapers, at my blog/website, and reproduced in my Notes at Facebook. Perhaps Mrs Gandhi will realise too some time that Manmohan Singh (or any of his prominent acolytes and flatterers among Indian bureaucrats, businessmen and journalists) had nothing to do with the origins of the 1991 reform — there was a reason I did not invite them to Manoa,

namely, I had felt they had been part of the problem, not the solution.

Dr Singh and I have met twice and I hold him in high personal regard — in the late summer of 1973 in Paris he kindly consented to visit our then-home there at my father’s request to discuss economics with me before I, as an 18 year old, left for my freshman year at the London School of Economics; we ended up having a tense debate on the merits (as he saw them) and demerits (as I saw them) of the Soviet influence on Indian economic policy-making until that time; then we met twenty years later in Washington in the Fall of 1993 when the Indian Ambassador, the same Barrister Ray, introduced me to him as the person on whose laptop the 1991 manifesto had been written. To his credit, he himself has not attributed to himself any of the original economic thought his many flatterers have attributed to him since 1991 though he has not denounced them either, or at least is yet to do so. My rather critical views on his economics and politics are available in the Indian newspapers, my site and now in my Notes at Facebook, e.g. “Mistaken Macroeconomics” etc.

Update from Facebook July 2, 2010:

Subroto Roy has lost count of all the Advisory Councils in New Delhi and whom they are supposed to be advising or about what. Manmohan Singh has an “Economic Advisory Council” and a “Trade and Industry Advisory Council” besides the “Planning Commission” and “National Development Council” and “National Security Council” and any number of others for sure. Sonia Gandhi has the “National Advisory Council” who seem to live in cities but want to talk about rural India; a rural India where people have always been fully familiar with normal markets for food and labour yet those markets are now being destroyed or at least distorted, perhaps incorrigibly. My advice to Rajiv Gandhi 20 years ago based on the perestroika-for-India project I had led at the UH Manoa was for free (in fact it has cost me a lot personally, so the price I charged was probably negative) — and yet, I am bold enough to say, it remains unsurpassed.

Update from Facebook July 3, 2010:

Subroto Roy is pleasantly surprised to find a “senior journalist” speak a truth in today’s pink business newspaper about the origins of India’s 1991 economic reform, admitting: “Nor might the government have been able to justify liberalisation if it hadn’t been for the 1991 Congress election manifesto that Rajiv Gandhi had compiled, but tragically, not lived to push through.”   And who got Rajiv to do that? I did. On Sep 18 1990, based on the University of Hawaii Manoa project I had led since 1986.  Later, the process got corrupted by the greedy and the mendacious.

Towards Making the Indian Rupee a Hard Currency of the World Economy: An analysis from British times until the present day

My Seventy-One Notes at Facebook etc on Kashmir, Pakistan, and, of course, India

My Seventy-One Notes at Facebook etc on Kashmir, Pakistan, and, of course, India (listed thanks to JD)

(I am afraid you need a Facebook account to see most of these, though several are in the newspapers and/or at this site too.  I will try in due course to have everything reproduced here too.)

1) Talking to my student and friend Amir Malik about Pakistan and its problems

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150297082781126

Tuesday, September 27, 2011

2) My thanks to Mr Singh for seeing the optimality of my Kashmir solution

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150271489571126

Sunday, September 4, 2011

3) Zafrullah, my father, and the three frigates: there was no massacre of the Hindu Sindhi refugees in Karachi in 1947

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150265008366126

Saturday, August 27, 2011

4) Conversation with Mr Birinder R Singh about my Kashmir solution

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150259831611126

Saturday, August 20, 2011

5) On the Hurriyat’s falsification of history

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150258949946126

Friday, August 19, 2011

6) Letter from a young Pashtun whose grandfathers were in the 1947 invasion of Kashmir (which the Hurriyat says never happened)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150258851821126

Friday, August 19, 2011

7) More on my solution

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150258100876126

Thursday, August 18, 2011

8  ) A Hurriyat/Taliban Islamist emirate in the Valley subject to an Indian blockade would likely face famine.

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150257700231126

Wednesday, August 17, 2011

9) There is no Kashmiri nationality and there never has been in the modern era of international law

http://www.facebook.com/subyroy?sk=notes&s=20

Monday, August 15, 2011

10) Of the Flag of Pakistan, and the Union Jack, and the Flag of India — August 14-15 1947

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150255301456126

Sunday, August 14, 2011

11) Talking about Kashmir in 1947 to Ralph Coti

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150254871116126

Saturday, August 13, 2011

12) Conversation with Prof. Bhim Singh about 1947

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150254495896126

Saturday, August 13, 2011

13) The LOC represents the division of ownerless, sovereignless territory won by military conquest by either side…

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150245816611126

Monday, August 1, 2011

14) Talking to Mr Tauseef

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150245521131126

Monday, August 1, 2011

15) J&K had ceased to exist as an entity in international law by August 15 1947, at most by October 22 1947

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150244867021126

Sunday, July 31, 2011

16) Would someone be kind enough to tell me which freedoms Indian Kashmiris are being deprived of?

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150243323381126

Friday, July 29, 2011

17) Kunan Poshpora: I would say the evidence reported by the Verghese Committee itself was enough to indicate there had been rape 28 July 2011

18) Talking to Mr Rameez Makhdoomi about Kashmir

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150241973371126

Wednesday, July 27, 2011

19) And, as you well know, General Hasnain is both Muslim and Kashmiri, besides being the Commanding Officer of 15 Corps.

http://www.facebook.com/subyroy?sk=notes&s=40

Friday, July 22, 2011

20) Kashmir needs a Coroner’s Office!

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150238284741126

Friday, July 22, 2011

21) A slogan for Kashmir: No exaggerations, no hallucinations, no cover-ups please: Just the plain facts & accountability

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150238136556126

Friday, July 22, 2011

22) Towards a Spatial Model of Kashmir’s Political History

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150234599731126

Sunday, July 17, 2011

23) Why did Allama Iqbal say “India is the greatest Muslim country in the world…”?

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150233148866126

Friday, July 15, 2011

24) Conversation with Mr Arif

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150230793806126

Tuesday, July 12, 2011

25) Omar Qayoom Bhat: A Victim of State Repression in J&K

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150229389496126

Monday, July 11, 2011

26) Good and evil in Kashmir over more than a millennium…

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150217168656126

Sunday, June 26, 2011

27) Letter to Mr Zargar (Continued)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150212034496126

June 23, 2011

28) From the Official Indian Army website re Human Rights Violations

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150210741356126

Wednesday, June 22, 2011

29) A Facebook Discussion on Kashmir with the Lahore Oxford & Cambridge Society

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150208871201126

Sunday, June 19, 2011

30) Answering two central questions on the Kashmir Problem

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150202054326126

Friday, June 10, 2011

31) Some articles on Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan, Afghanistan

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150201498846126

Friday, June 10, 2011

32) Lar ke lenge Pakistan? Khun se lenge Pakistan?

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150195065706126

Thursday, June 2, 2011

33) On Pakistan & Questions of the Nature & Jurisprudence of Polities

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150165301016126

Saturday, April 30, 2011

34) On “state involvement” (January 2009)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?

on Friday, April 22, 2011

35) My four main 2005-06 articles on the existence of a unique, stable solution to Kashmir

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150155305266126

Sunday, April 17, 2011

36) On the present state of the Pakistan-India dialogue

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150140448906126

Thursday, March 31, 2011

37) Mixed messages (from a Dec 2008 post on Pakistan just after the Mumbai massacres)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150117696731126

Tuesday, March 29, 2011

38) New Foreign Policy? “Kiss Up, Kick Down”? (October 2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=10150098854806126

Friday, March 4, 2011

39) Conversations with Kashmiris: An Ongoing Facebook Note

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=489267761125

Saturday, January 22, 2011

40) On Pakistan and the Theory & Practice of the Islamic State, 1949, 1954

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=486039761125

Saturday, January 15, 2011

41) A Modern Military (2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=483556931125

Monday, January 10, 2011

42) India’s Muslim Voices: Sir Sikandar Hyat Khan (1892-1942), Punjab Prime Minister 1941

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=476020171125

Monday, December 27, 2010

43) Pre-Partition Indian Secularism Case-Study: Fuzlul Huq and Manindranath Roy

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=445015731125

Tuesday, October 26, 2010

44) A Brief Note on Bangladesh, Pakistan, India and the Pashtuns 1971-2010

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=414500306125

Wednesday, July 28, 2010

45) On the Existence of a Unique and Stable Solution to the Jammu & Kashmir Problem that is Lawful, Just and Economically Efficient

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=407478886125

Monday, July 5, 2010

46) Seventy Years Today (Sep 4 2009) Since the British Govt Politically Empowered MA Jinnah

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=407310716125

Monday, July 5, 2010

47) Justice & Afzal (Oct 14 2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=393914236125

Tuesday, May 18, 2010

48) My (armchair) experience of the 1999 Kargil war (Or, How the Kargil effort got a little help from a desktop)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=388161476125

Thursday, April 29, 2010

49) A Brief History of Gilgit

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=336081356125

Monday, March 1, 2010

50)  India-USA interests: Elements of a serious Indian foreign policy (2007)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=299902341125

Wednesday, February 10, 2010

51) Ambassador Holbrooke’s error of historical fact

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=259713446125

Sunday, January 17, 2010

52) Of a new New Delhi myth & the success of the Univ of Hawaii 1986-1992 Pakistan project (Nov 15 2008)

https://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=247284116125

Sunday, 10 January 2010

53) Was Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah (1905-1982), Lion of Kashmir, the greatest Muslim political leader of the 20th Century?

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=244956301125

Friday, January 8, 2010

54) On Indian Nationhood: From Tamils To Kashmiris & Assamese & Mizos To Sikhs & Goans (2007)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=222511821125

Friday, December 25, 2009

55) India has never, not once, initiated hostilities against Pakistan (2009)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=194400926125

Wednesday, December 2, 2009

56) RAND’s study of the Mumbai attacks (Jan 25 2009)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=189261716125

Wednesday, November 25, 2009

57) Memo to the Hon’ble Attorneys General of Pakistan & India (January 16 2009)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=189251816125

Wednesday, November 25, 2009

58) On Hindus and Muslims (2005)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=172649451125

Tuesday, November 3, 2009

59) Iqbal & Jinnah vs Rahmat Ali in Pakistan’s creation (2005)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=171039831125

Saturday, October 31, 2009

60) Have “mixed messages” caused a “double-bind” in the US-Pakistan relationship?

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=164051251125

Wednesday, October 21, 2009

61) Pakistan’s Kashmir obsession: Sheikh Abdullah Relied In Politics On The French Constitution, Not Islam (Feb 16 2008)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=154064436125

Thursday, October 8, 2009

62) Two cheers for Pakistan! (April 7 2008)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=154062896125

Thursday, October 8, 2009

63) What to tell Musharraf: Peace Is Impossible Without Non-Aggressive Pakistani Intentions (Dec 15 2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=153985256125

Wednesday, October 7, 2009

64) India’s Muslim Voices (Dec 4 2008)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=153977181125

Wednesday, October 7, 2009

65) Saving Pakistan: A Physicist/Political Philosopher May Represent Iqbal’s “Spirit of Modern Times” (2007)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=153971996125

Wednesday, October 7, 2009

66) The Greatest Pashtun: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1890-1988)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=153812126125

Wednesday, October 7, 2009

67) Law, Justice and Jammu & Kashmir (2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=152464726125

Monday, October 5, 2009

68) Solving Kashmir: On an Application of Reason (2005)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=152462776125

Monday, October 5, 2009

69) Understanding Pakistan (2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=152348161125

Monday, October 5, 2009

70) Pakistan’s Allies (2006)

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=152345826125

Monday, October 5, 2009

71) History of Jammu & Kashmir

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=152343836125

Monday, October 5, 2009

and of course, from 20 years ago,

https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=164040022284&set=a.136688412284.112038.632437284&type=3&theater

“Sidney Alexander & I are really the only ones who showed the basic logical contradictions caused by positivism having penetrated economics in the middle of the 20th Century”

Subroto Roy hears from Mr Scott Peterson,

“Dear Professor Roy, I have been reading your book *Philosophy of Economics* and happened to stumble on the following paper:’Public Finance Texts Cannot Justify Government Taxation’ Walter E. Block (Loyola University New Orleans, Joseph A. Butt, S.J. College of Business) has posted Public Finance Texts Cannot Justify Government Taxation: A Critique on SSRN. Here is the abstract: ‘In virtually all economic sub-disciplines, practitioners of the dismal science are exceedingly desirous of avoiding normative concerns, at least in principle. These are seen, and rightly so, as extremely treacherous. Being only human, they do sometimes stray off the path of positive analysis; but when they fall off the wagon in this manner, if at all, it is done relatively cautiously, and infrequently. There is one blatant exception to this general rule, however, and that is the field of public finance. Here, in sharp contrast to the usual practice, not only is normative economics embraced, it is done so with alacrity, and without apology. That is, most textbooks on the subject start off with one or several chapters which attempt to justify taxation on moral, efficiency, and other grounds. This occurs in no other field.’

When I read this I immediately thought of your discussion of the normative vs positive approaches in economics. Perhaps the exception economists make regarding public finance is that most economists’ paychecks come from the public sector.

Regards,

Scott Peterson

Dear Mr Peterson, Yes indeed. Thanks for the observation. Sidney Alexander and I are really the only ones who showed the basic logical contradictions caused by positivism having penetrated economics in the middle of the 20th Century. Are you at Facebook? Feel free to join me. Cordial regards, Suby Roy

“….Meanwhile, my main work within economic theory, the “Principia Economica” manuscript, was being read by the University of Chicago Press’s five or six anonymous referees. One of them pointed out my argument had been anticipated years earlier in the work of MIT’s Sidney Stuart Alexander. I had no idea of this and was surprised; of course I knew Professor Alexander’s work in balance of payments theory but not in this field. I went to visit Professor Alexander in Boston…. Professor Alexander was extremely gracious, and immediately declared with great generosity that it was clear to him my arguments in “Principia Economica” had been developed entirely independently of his work. He had come at the problem from an American philosophical tradition of Dewey, I had done so from a British tradition of Wittgenstein. (CS Peirce was probably the bridge between the two.) He and I had arrived at some similar conclusions but we had done so completely independently.”

Professor Alexander, contemporary of PA Samuelson, tutor of RM Solow and many others, deserves far greater attention, and I will do what I can towards that.  He introduced me briefly to his MIT colleague Lester Thurow and I sent an email some time ago to Professor Thurow suggesting MIT should try to remember him better.

Maynard Keynes on How to Be a Good Economist

From Facebook, April 11, 2011

Since the name of Keynes is back to being used somewhat in vain around the world, it may be appropriate to recall Maynard Keynes’s description of his own role-model as an economist, his master Alfred Marshall.

“The study of economics does not seem to require any specialised gifts of an unusually high order.  Is it not, intellectually regarded, a very easy subject compared with the higher branches of philosophy and pure science?  Yet good, or even competent, economists are the rarest of birds.  An easy subject , at which very few excel!  The paradox finds its explanation, perhaps, in that the master-economist must possess a rare *combination* of gifts.  He must reach a high standard in several different directions and must combine talents not often found together.  He must be mathematician, historian, statesman and philosopher — in some degree. He must understand symbols and speak in words. He must contemplate the particular in terms of the general, and touch abstract and concrete in the same flight of thought. He must study the present in the light of the past for the purposes of the future. No part of man’s nature or his institutions must lie entirely outside his regard. He must be purposeful and disinterested in a simultaneous mood: as aloof and incorruptible as an artist, yet sometimes as near the earth as a politician.”

JM Keynes “Alfred Marshall, 1842-1924″ in Memorials of Alfred Marshal, edited by AC Pigou, 1925, p. 12.

Keynes himself was trained as and always thought like a mathematician, though he invariably spoke in words about practical realities. Marshall was his master, and so too, to a lesser extent, was his father, Neville Keynes.

Will the Telangana flare-up awaken New Delhi from its dream-world and into India’s political reality?

From Facebook:

Subroto Roy thinks the flare-up of the Telangana issue has one and only one positive consequence: it brings home to New Delhi’s ruling elite that there are real political questions in India, and not everything can be left to spin-doctors and lobbyists to handle.

The 2009 “Economics Nobel”

I had the pleasure of meeting Professor Elinor Ostrom and her husband Professor Vince Ostrom when they visited Blacksburg about 1980 or early 1981. Both of them wanted me to join their (I think then-new) program at Indiana but I could not. My congratulations to her and her co-recipient Professor Oliver Williamson on their award.

Subroto Roy

Kolkata

Are Iran’s Revolutionaries now Reactionaries? George Orwell would have understood. A fresh poll may be the only answer

I was born in Tehran because my parents were Indian diplomats there, and I would love to go back to visit Iran someday.  Not right now though as the country seems to be  plunging itself into a new Revolution and yesterday’s Revolutionaries are today’s  Reactionaries in a way that George Orwell would have understood and might have predicted.  (Back in December 1982, at the American Economic Association meetings in New York City, a man looking surprisingly similar to Mr Mohammad Ahmadinajad approached me  after I had read a paper “Economic Theory and Development Economics” to a large audience, introducing himself as a member of the UN delegation of the new Islamic Republic, giving me his card which I never kept… a story for another time…)

It would appear to me that the right political course of action would be for the disputed poll to be cancelled — with the consent and indeed at the  statesmanlike initiative of its declared winner;  to be followed by a short interregnum for normalisation and a calming down of all tempers to occur; and then for fresh polls to occur within, say, two or three months, taking transparent precautions that such an ugly mess not be repeated.

Subroto Roy, Kolkata

Mistaken Macroeconomics: An Open Letter to Prime Minister Dr Manmohan Singh (12 June 2009, addendum 7 March 2013)

From Facebook 7 March 2013
Dr Manmohan Singh is again talking about growth-rates, so I must again say what I said in 2009…

12 June 2009
The Hon’ble Dr Manmohan Singh, MP, Rajya Sabha

Prime Minister of India

Respected Pradhan Mantriji:

In September 1993 at the residence of the Indian Ambassador to Washington, I had the privilege of being introduced to you by our Ambassador the Hon’ble Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Bar-at-Law. Ambassador Ray was kind enough to introduce me saying the 1991 “Congress manifesto had been written on (my laptop) computer” – a reference to my work as adviser on economic and other policy to the late Rajiv Gandhi in his last months. I presented you a book Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s created and edited by myself and WE James at the University of Hawaii since 1986 — the unpublished manuscript of that book had reached Rajivji by my hand when he and I first met on September 18 1990. Tragically, my pleadings in subsequent months to those around him that he seemed to my layman’s eyes vulnerable to the assassin went unheeded.

When you and I met in 1993, we had both forgotten another meeting twenty years earlier in Paris. My father had been a long-time friend of the late Brahma Kaul, ICS, and the late MG Kaul, ICS, who knew you in your early days in the Government of India. In the late summer of 1973, you had acceded to my father’s request to advise me about economics before I embarked for the London School of Economics as a freshman undergraduate. You visited our then-home in Paris for about 40 minutes despite your busy schedule as part of an Indian delegation to the Aid-India Consortium. We ended up having a tense debate about the merits (as you saw them) and demerits (as I saw them) of the Soviet influence on Indian economic “planning”. You had not expected such controversy from a lad of 18 but you were kindly disposed and offered when departing to write a letter of introduction to Amartya Sen, then teaching at the LSE, which you later sent me and which I was delighted to carry to Professor Sen.

I may add my father, back in 1973 in Paris, had predicted to me that you would become Prime Minister of India one day, and he, now in his 90s, is joined by myself in sending our warm congratulations at the start of your second term in that high office.

The controversy though that you and I had entered that Paris day in 1973 about scientific economics as applied to India, must be renewed afresh!

This is because of your categorical statement on June 9 2009 to the new 15th Lok Sabha:

“I am convinced, since our savings rate is as high as 35%, given the collective will, if all of us work together, we can achieve a growth-rate of 8%-9%, even if the world economy does not do well.” (Statement of Dr Manmohan Singh to the Lok Sabha, June 9 2009)

I am afraid there may be multiple reasons why such a statement is gravely and incorrigibly in error within scientific economics. From your high office as Prime Minister in a second term, faced perhaps with no significant opposition from either within or without your party, it is possible the effects of such an error may spell macroeconomic catastrophe for India.

As it happens, the British Labour Party politician Dr Meghnad Desai made an analogous statement to yours about India when he claimed in 2006 that China

now has 10.4% growth on a 44 % savings rate… ”

Indeed the idea that China and India have had extremely high economic growth-rates based on purportedly astronomical savings rates has become a commonplace in recent years, repeated endlessly in international and domestic policy circles though perhaps without adequate basis.

1.   Germany & Japan

What, at the outset, is supposed to be measured when we speak of “growth”? Indian businessmen and their media friends seem to think “growth” refers to something like nominal earnings before tax for the organised corporate sector, or any unspecified number that can be sold to visiting foreigners to induce them to park their funds in India: “You will get a 10% return if you invest in India” to which the visitor says “Oh that must mean India has 10% growth going on”. Of such nonsense are expensive international conferences in Davos and Delhi often made.

You will doubtless agree the economist at least must define economic growth properly and with care — what is referred to must be annual growth of per capita inflation-adjusted Gross Domestic Product. (Per capita National Income or Net National Product would be even better if available).

West Germany and Japan had the highest annual per capita real GDP growth-rates in the world economy starting from devastated post-World War II initial conditions. What were their measured rates?

West Germany: 6.6% in 1950-1960, falling to 3.5% by 1960-1970 falling to 2.4% by 1970-1978.

Japan: 6.8 % in 1952-1960 rising to 9.4% in 1960-1970 falling to 3.8 % in 1970-1978.

Thus in recent decades only Japan measured a spike in the 1960s of more than 9% annual growth of real per capita GDP. Now India and China are said to be achieving 8%-10 % and more year after year routinely!

Perhaps we are observing an incredible phenomenon of world economic history. Or perhaps it is just something incredible, something false and misleading, like a mirage in the desert.

You may agree that processes of measurement of real income in India both at federal and provincial levels, still remain well short of the world standards described by the UN’s System of National Accounts 1993. The actuality of our real GDP growth may be better than what is being measured or it may be worse than what is being measured – from the point of view of public decision-making we at present simply do not know which it is, and to overly rely on such numbers in national decisions may be unwise. In any event, India’s population is growing at near 2% so even if your Government’s measured number of 8% or 9% is taken at face-value, we have to subtract 2% population growth to get per capita figures.

2.  Growth of the aam admi’s consumption-basket

The late Professor Milton Friedman had been an invited adviser in 1955 to the Government of India during the Second Five Year Plan’s formulation. The Government of India suppressed what he had to say and I had to publish it 34 years later in May 1989 during the 1986-1992 perestroika-for-India project that I led at the University of Hawaii in the United States. His November 1955 Memorandum to the Government of India is a chapter in the book Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s that I and WE James created.

At the 1989 project-conference itself, Professor Friedman made the following astute observation about all GNP, GDP etc growth-numbers that speaks for itself:

“I don’t believe the term GNP ought to be used unless it is supplemented by a different statistic: the rate of growth of the average consumption basket consumed by the ordinary individual in the country. I think GNP rates of growth can give very misleading information. For example, you have rapid rates of growth of GNP in the Soviet Union with a declining standard of life for the people. Because GNP includes monuments and includes also other things. I’m not saying that that is the case with India; I’m just saying I would like to see the two figures together.”

You may perhaps agree upon reflection that not only may our national income growth measurements be less robust than we want, it may be better to be measuring something else instead, or as well, as a measure of the economic welfare of India’s people, namely, “the rate of growth of the average consumption basket consumed by the ordinary individual in the country”, i.e., the rate of growth of the average consumption basket consumed by the aam admi.

It would be excellent indeed if you were to instruct your Government’s economists and other spokesmen to do so this as it may be something more reliable as an indicator of our economic realities than all the waffle generated by crude aggregate growth-rates.

3.  Logic of your model

Thirdly, the logic needs to be spelled out of the economic model that underlies such statements as yours or Meghnad Desai’s that seek to operationally relate savings rates to aggregate growth rates in India or China. This seems not to have been done publicly in living memory by the Planning Commission or other Government economists. I have had to refer, therefore, to pages 251-253 of my own Cambridge doctoral thesis under Professor Frank Hahn thirty years ago, titled “On liberty and economic growth: preface to a philosophy for India”, where the logic of such models as yours was spelled out briefly as follows:

Let

Kt be capital stock

Yt be national output

It be the level of real investment

St be the level of real savings

By definition

It = K t+1 – Kt

By assumption

Kt = k Yt 0 < k < 1

St = sYt 0 < s <1

In equilibrium ex ante investment equals ex ante savings

It = St

Hence in equilibrium

sYt = K t+1 – Kt

Or

s/k = g

where g is defined to be the rate of growth (Y t+1-Yt)/Yt  .

The left hand side then defines the “warranted rate of growth” which must maintain the famous “knife-edge” with the right hand side “natural rate of growth”.

Your June 9 2009 Lok Sabha statement that a 35% rate of savings in India may lead to an 8%-9% rate of economic growth in India, or Meghnad Desai’s statement that a 44% rate of savings in China led to a 10.4% growth there, can only be made meaningful in the context of a logical economic model like the one I have given above.

[In the open-economy version of the model, let Mt be imports, Et be exports, Ft net capital inflows.

Assume

Mt = aIt + bYt 0 < a, b < 1

Et = E for all t

Balance of payments is

Bt = Mt – Et – Ft

In equilibrium It = St + Bt

Or

Ft = (s+b) Yt – (1-a) It - E is a kind of “warranted” level of net capital inflow.]

You may perhaps agree upon reflection that building the entire macroeconomic policy of the Government of India merely upon a piece of economic logic as simplistic as the

s/k = g

equation above, may spell an unacceptable risk to the future economic well-being of our vast population. An alternative procedural direction for macroeconomic policy, with more obviously positive and profound consequences, may have been that which I sought to persuade Rajiv Gandhi about with some success in 1990-1991. Namely, to systematically seek to improve towards normalcy the budgets, financial positions and decision-making capacities of the Union and all state and local governments as well as all public institutions, organisations, entities, and projects in general, with the aim of making our domestic money a genuine hard currency of the world again after seven decades, so that any ordinary resident of India may hold and trade precious metals and foreign exchange at his/her local bank just like all those glamorous privileged NRIs have been permitted to do. Such an alternative path has been described in “The Indian Revolution”, “Against Quackery”, “The Dream Team: A Critique”, “India’s Macroeconomics”, “Indian Inflation”, etc.

4. Gross exaggeration of real savings rate by misreading deposit multiplication

Specifically, I am afraid you may have been misled into thinking India’s real savings rate, s, is as high as 35% just as Meghnad Desai may have misled himself into thinking China’s real savings rate is as high as 44%.

Neither of you may have wanted to make such a claim if you had referred to the fact that over the last 25 years, the average savings rate across all OECD countries has been less than 10%. Economic theory always finds claims of discontinuous behaviour to be questionable. If the average OECD citizen has been trying to save 10% of disposable income at best, it appears prima facie odd that India’s PM claims a savings rate as high as 35% for India or a British politician has claimed a savings rate as high as 44% for China. Something may be wrong in the measurement of the allegedly astronomical savings rates of India and China. The late Professor Nicholas Kaldor himself, after all, suggested it was rich people who saved and poor people who did not for the simple reason the former had something left over to save which the latter did not!

And indeed something is wrong in the measurements. What has happened, I believe, is that there has been a misreading of the vast nominal expansion of bank deposits via deposit-multiplication in the Indian banking system, an expansion that has been caused by explosive deficit finance over the last four or five decades. That vast nominal expansion of bank-deposits has been misread as indicating growth of real savings behaviour instead. I have written and spoken about and shown this quite extensively in the last half dozen years since I first discovered it in the case of India. E.g., in a lecture titled “Can India become an economic superpower or will there be a monetary meltdown?” at Cardiff University’s Institute of Applied Macroeconomics and at London’s Institute of Economic Affairs in April 2005, as well as in May 2005 at a monetary economics seminar invited at the RBI by Dr Narendra Jadav. The same may be true of China though I have looked at it much less.

How I described this phenomenon in a 2007 article in The Statesman is this:

“Savings is indeed normally measured by adding financial and non-financial savings. Financial savings include bank-deposits. But India is not a normal country in this. Nor is China. Both have seen massive exponential growth of bank-deposits in the last few decades. Does this mean Indians and Chinese are saving phenomenally high fractions of their incomes by assiduously putting money away into their shaky nationalized banks? Sadly, it does not. What has happened is government deficit-financing has grown explosively in both countries over decades. In a “fractional reserve” banking system (i.e. a system where your bank does not keep the money you deposited there but lends out almost all of it immediately), government expenditure causes bank-lending, and bank-lending causes bank-deposits to expand. Yes there has been massive expansion of bank-deposits in India but it is a nominal paper phenomenon and does not signify superhuman savings behaviour. Indians keep their assets mostly in metals, land, property, cattle, etc., and as cash, not as bank deposits.”

An article of mine in 2008 in Business Standard put it like this:

“India has followed in peacetime over six decades what the US and Britain followed during war. Our vast growth of bank deposits in recent decades has been mostly a paper (or nominal) phenomenon caused by unlimited deficit finance in a fractional reserve banking system. Policy makers have widely misinterpreted it as indicating a real phenomenon of incredibly high savings behaviour. In an inflationary environment, people save their wealth less as paper deposits than as real assets like land, cattle, buildings, machinery, food stocks, jewellery etc.”

If you asked me “What then is India’s real savings rate?” I have little answer to give except to say I know what it is not – it is not what the Government of India says it is. It is certainly unlikely to be anywhere near the 35% you stated it to be in your June 9 2009 Lok Sabha statement. If the OECD’s real savings rate has been something like 10% out of disposable income, I might accept India’s is, say, 15% at a maximum when properly measured – far from the 35% being claimed. What I believe may have been mismeasured by you and Meghnad Desai and many others as indicating high real savings is actually the nominal or paper expansion of bank-deposits in a fractional reserve banking system induced by runaway government deficit-spending in both India and China over the last several decades.

5. Technological progress and the mainsprings of real economic growth

So much for the g and s variables in the s/k = g equation in your economic model. But the assumed constant k is a big problem too!

During the 1989 perestroika-for-India project-conference, Professor Friedman referred to his 1955 experience in India and said this about the assumption of a constant k:

“I think there was an enormously important point… That was the almost universal acceptance at that time of the view that there was a sort of technologically fixed capital output ratio. That if you wanted to develop, you just had to figure out how much capital you needed, used as a statistical technological capital output ratio, and by God the next day you could immediately tell what output you were going to achieve. That was a large part of the motivation behind some of the measures that were taken then.”

The crucial problem of the sort of growth-model from which your formulation relating savings to growth arises is that, with a constant k, you have necessarily neglected the real source of economic growth, which is technological progress!

I said in the 2007 article referred to above:

“Economic growth in India as elsewhere arises not because of what politicians and bureaucrats do in capital cities, but because of spontaneous technological progress, improved productivity and learning-by-doing on part of the general population. Technological progress is a very general notion, and applies to any and every production activity or commercial transaction that now can be accomplished more easily or using fewer inputs than before.”

In “Growth and Government Delusion” published in The Statesman last year, I described the growth process more fully like this:

“The mainsprings of real growth in the wealth of the individual, and so of the nation, are greater practical learning, increases in capital resources and improvements in technology. Deeper skills and improved dexterity cause output produced with fewer inputs than before, i.e. greater productivity. Adam Smith said there is “invention of a great number of machines which facilitate and abridge labour, and enable one man to do the work of many”. Consider a real life example. A fresh engineering graduate knows dynamometers are needed in testing and performance-certification of diesel engines. He strips open a meter, finds out how it works, asks engine manufacturers what design improvements they want to see, whether they will buy from him if he can make the improvement. He finds out prices and properties of machine tools needed and wages paid currently to skilled labour, calculates expected revenues and costs, and finally tries to persuade a bank of his production plans, promising to repay loans from his returns. Overcoming restrictions of religion or caste, the secular agent is spurred by expectation of future gains to approach various others with offers of contract, and so organize their efforts into one. If all his offers ~ to creditors, labour, suppliers ~ are accepted he is, for the moment, in business. He may not be for long ~ but if he succeeds his actions will have caused an improvement in design of dynamometers and a reduction in the cost of diesel engines, as well as an increase in the economy’s produced means of production (its capital stock) and in the value of contracts made. His creditors are more confident of his ability to repay, his buyers of his product quality, he himself knows more of his workers’ skills, etc. If these people enter a second and then a third and fourth set of contracts, the increase in mutual trust in coming to agreement will quickly decline in relation to the increased output of capital goods. The first source of increasing returns to scale in production, and hence the mainspring of real economic growth, arises from the successful completion of exchange. Transforming inputs into outputs necessarily takes time, and it is for that time the innovator or entrepreneur or “capitalist” or “adventurer” must persuade his creditors to trust him, whether bankers who have lent him capital or workers who have lent him labour. The essence of the enterprise (or “firm”) he tries to get underway consists of no more than the set of contracts he has entered into with the various others, his position being unique because he is the only one to know who all the others happen to be at the same time. In terms introduced by Professor Frank Hahn, the entrepreneur transforms himself from being “anonymous” to being “named” in the eyes of others, while also finding out qualities attaching to the names of those encountered in commerce. Profits earned are partly a measure of the entrepreneur’s success in this simultaneous process of discovery and advertisement. Another potential entrepreneur, fresh from engineering college, may soon pursue the pioneer’s success and start displacing his product in the market ~ eventually chasers become pioneers and then get chased themselves, and a process of dynamic competition would be underway. As it unfolds, anonymous and obscure graduates from engineering colleges become by dint of their efforts and a little luck, named and reputable firms and perhaps founders of industrial families. Multiply this simple story many times, with a few million different entrepreneurs and hundreds of thousands of different goods and services, and we shall be witnessing India’s actual Industrial Revolution, not the fake promise of it from self-seeking politicians and bureaucrats.”

Technological progress in a myriad of ways and discovery of new resources are important factors contributing to India’s growth today. But while India’s “real” economy does well, the “nominal” paper-money economy controlled by Government does not. Continuous deficit financing for half a century has led to exponential growth of public debt and broad money, and, as noted, the vast growth of nominal bank-deposits has been misinterpreted as indicating unusually high real savings behaviour when it in fact may just signal vast amounts of government debt being held by our nationalised banks. These bank assets may be liquid domestically but are illiquid internationally since our government debt is not held by domestic households as voluntary savings nor has it been a liquid asset held worldwide in foreign portfolios.

What politicians of all parties, especially your own and the BJP and CPI-M since they are the three largest, have been presiding over is exponential growth of our paper money supply, which has even reached 22% per annum. Parliament and the Government should be taking honest responsibility for this because it may certainly portend double-digit inflation (i.e., decline in the value of paper-money) perhaps as high as 14%-15% per annum, something that is certain to affect the aam admi’s economic welfare adversely.

6. Selling Government assets to Big Business is a bad idea in a potentially hyperinflationary economy

Respected PradhanMantriji, the record would show that I, and really I alone, 25 years ago, may have been the first among Indian economists to advocate  the privatisation of the public sector. (Viz, “Silver Jubilee of Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India”.) In spite of this, I have to say clearly now that in present circumstances of a potentially hyperinflationary economy created by your Government and its predecessors, I believe your Government’s present plans to sell Government assets may be an exceptionally unwise and imprudent idea. The reasoning is very simple from within monetary economics.

Government every year has produced paper rupees and bank deposits in practically unlimited amounts to pay for its practically unlimited deficit financing, and it has behaved thus over decades. Such has been the nature of the macroeconomic process that all Indian political parties have been part of, whether they are aware of it or not.

Indian Big Business has an acute sense of this long-term nominal/paper expansion of India’s economy, and acts towards converting wherever possible its own hoards of paper rupees and rupee-denominated assets into more valuable portfolios for itself of real or durable assets, most conspicuously including hard-currency denominated assets, farm-land and urban real-estate, and, now, the physical assets of the Indian public sector. Such a path of trying to transform local domestic paper assets – produced unlimitedly by Government monetary and fiscal policy and naturally destined to depreciate — into real durable assets, is a privately rational course of action to follow in an inflationary economy. It is not rocket-science to realise the long-term path of rupee-denominated assets is downwards in comparison to the hard-currencies of the world – just compare our money supply growth and inflation rates with those of the rest of the world.

The Statesman of November 16 2006 had a lead editorial titled Government’s land-fraud: Cheating peasants in a hyperinflation-prone economy which said:

“There is something fundamentally dishonourable about the way the Centre, the state of West Bengal and other state governments are treating the issue of expropriating peasants, farm-workers, petty shop-keepers etc of their small plots of land in the interests of promoters, industrialists and other businessmen. Singur may be but one example of a phenomenon being seen all over the country: Hyderabad, Karnataka, Kerala, Haryana, everywhere. So-called “Special Economic Zones” will merely exacerbate the problem many times over. India and its governments do not belong only to business and industrial lobbies, and what is good for private industrialists may or may not be good for India’s people as a whole. Economic development does not necessarily come to be defined by a few factories or high-rise housing complexes being built here or there on land that has been taken over by the Government, paying paper-money compensation to existing stakeholders, and then resold to promoters or industrialists backed by powerful political interest-groups on a promise that a few thousand new jobs will be created. One fundamental problem has to do with inadequate systems of land-description and definition, implementation and recording of property rights. An equally fundamental problem has to do with fair valuation of land owned by peasants etc. in terms of an inconvertible paper-money. Every serious economist knows that “land” is defined as that specific factor of production and real asset whose supply is fixed and does not increase in response to its price. Every serious economist also knows that paper-money is that nominal asset whose price can be made to catastrophically decline by a massive increase in its supply, i.e. by Government printing more of the paper it holds a monopoly to print. For Government to compensate people with paper-money it prints itself by valuing their land on the basis of an average of the price of the last few years, is for Government to cheat them of the fair present-value of the land. That present-value of land must be calculated in the way the present-value of any asset comes to be calculated, namely, by summing the likely discounted cash-flows of future values. And those future values should account for the likelihood of a massive future inflation causing decline in the value of paper-money in view of the fact we in India have a domestic public debt of some Rs. 30 trillion (Rs. 30 lakh crore) and counting, and money supply growth rates averaging 16-17% per annum. In fact, a responsible Government would, given the inconvertible nature of the rupee, have used foreign exchange or gold as the unit of account in calculating future-values of the land. India’s peasants are probably being cheated by their Government of real assets whose value is expected to rise, receiving nominal paper assets in compensation whose value is expected to fall.”

Shortly afterwards the Hon’ble MP for Kolkata Dakshin, Km Mamata Banerjee, started her protest fast, riveting the nation’s attention in the winter of 2006-2007. What goes for government buying land on behalf of its businessman friends also goes, mutatis mutandis, for the public sector’s real assets being bought up by the private sector using domestic paper money in a potentially hyperinflationary economy. If your new Government wishes to see real assets of the public sector being sold for paper money, let it seek to value these assets not in inconvertible rupees that Government itself has been producing in unlimited quantities but perhaps in forex or gold-units instead!

In the 2004-2005 volume Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution: How it Happened and What it Meant, edited by myself and Professor John Clarke, there is a chapter by Professor Patrick Minford on Margaret Thatcher’s fiscal and monetary policy (macroeconomics) that was placed ahead of the chapter by Professor Martin Ricketts on Margaret Thatcher’s privatisation (microeconomics). India’s fiscal and monetary or macroeconomic problems are far worse today than Britain’s were when Margaret Thatcher came to power. We need to get our macroeconomic problems sorted before we attempt the  microeconomic privatisation of public assets.

It is wonderful that your young party colleague, the Hon’ble MP from Amethi, Shri Rahul Gandhi, has declined to join the present Government and instead wishes to reflect further on the “common man” and “common woman” about whom I had described his late father talking to me on September 18 1990. Certainly the aam admi is not someone to be found among India’s lobbyists of organised Big Business or organised Big Labour who have tended to control government agendas from the big cities.

With my warmest personal regards and respect, I remain,

Cordially yours

Subroto Roy, PhD (Cantab.), BScEcon (London)

Kolkata

Posted in 15th Lok Sabha, Academic economics, Academic freedom, Academic research, Adam Smith, Banking, Bengal, Big Business and Big Labour, BJP, Cambridge Univ Economics, Capital and labour, China's macroeconomics, China's savings rate, China's Economy, Congress Party, Deposit multiplication, Economic Policy, Economic Theory, Economic Theory of Growth, Economic Theory of Value, Economics of Public Finance, Enterprise and entrepeneurship, European Community, Financial Management, Financial markets, Foreign exchange controls, General equilbrium theory, Germany, Governance, Government accounting, Government Budget Constraint, Government of India, Growth rates (economic), India's Big Business, India's Government economists, India's savings rate, India's 1991 Economic Reform, India's Banking, India's Budget, India's bureaucracy, India's Capital Markets, India's corporate governance, India's Economy, India's farmers, India's Government Budget Constraint, India's Government Expenditure, India's grassroots activists, India's inflation, India's Land, India's Lok Sabha, India's Macroeconomics, India's Monetary & Fiscal Policy, India's Parliament, India's political lobbyists, India's political parties, India's poverty, India's Public Finance, India's Reserve Bank, India's Revolution, India's State Finances, India's Union-State relations, Inflation, Inflation targeting, Interest group politics, Japan, London School of Economics, Mamata Banerjee, Manmohan Singh, Margaret Thatcher, Margaret Thatcher's Revolution, Martin Ricketts, Milton Friedman, Monetary Theory, Money and banking, Non-Resident Indians, OECD savings rates, Paper money and deposits, Parliamentary Backbenchers, Political Economy, Public Choice/Public Finance, Rahul Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi's assassination, Redeposits, Siddhartha Shankar Ray. 1 Comment »

How tightly will organised Big Business be able to control economic policies this time?

The power of organised Big Business over New Delhi’s economic policies (whether Congress-led or BJP-led) was signalled by the presence in the audience at Rashtrapati Bhavan last week of several prominent lobbyists when Dr Manmohan Singh and his senior-most Cabinet colleagues were being sworn-in by the President of India. Why were such witnesses needed at such an auspicious national occasion?

Organised Big Business (both private sector and public sector) along with organised Big Labour (whose interests are represented most ably by New Delhi’s official communist parties like the CPI-M and CPI), are astutely aware of how best to advance their own economic interests; this usually gets assisted nicely enough through clever use of our comprador English-language TV, newspaper and magazine media. Shortly after the election results, lobbyists were all over commercial TV proposing things like FDI in insurance and airports etc– as if that was the meaning of the Sonia-Rahul mandate or were issues of high national priority. A typical piece of such “pretend-economics” appears in today’s business-press from a formerly Leftist Indian bureaucrat: “With its decisive victory, the new Manmohan Singh government should at last be able to implement the required second generation reforms. Their lineaments (sic) are well known and with the removal of the Left’s veto, many of those stalled in the legislature as well as those which were forestalled can now be implemented. These should be able to put India back on a 9-10 per cent per annum growth rate…”

Today’s business-press also reports that the new Government is planning to create a fresh “Disinvestment Ministry” and Dr Singh’s chief economic policy aide is “a frontrunner among the names short-listed to head the new ministry” with Cabinet rank.

Now if any enterprising doctoral student was to investigate the question, I think the evidence would show that I, and I alone – not even BR Shenoy or AD Shroff or Jagdish Bhagwati — may have been the first among Indian economists to have argued in favour of the privatisation of India’s public sector. I did so precisely 25 years ago in Pricing, Planning and Politics: A Study of Economic Distortions in India, which was so unusual for its time that it attracted the lead editorial of The Times of London on the day it was published May 29 1984, and had its due impact on Indian economic policy then and since, as has been described elsewhere here.  In 1990-1991 while with Rajiv Gandhi, I had floated an idea of literally giving away shares of the public sector to the public that owned it (as several other countries had been doing at that time), specifically perhaps giving them to the poorest panchayats in aid of their development.  In 2004-2005, upon returning to Britain after many years, I helped create the book Margaret Thatcher’s Revolution: How it Happened and What it Meant, and Margaret Thatcher if anyone was a paragon of privatisation.

That being said, I have to say I think a new Indian policy of creating a Ministry to privatise India’s public sector is probably a very BAD idea indeed in present circumstances — mainly because it will be driven by the interests of the organised Big Business lobbies that have so profoundly and subtly been able to control the New Delhi Government’s behaviour in recent decades.

Such lobbyist control is exercised often without the Government even realising or comprehending its parameters. For example, ask yourself: Is there any record anywhere of Dr Manmohan Singh, in his long career as a Government economist and then as a Rajya Sabha MP, having ever proposed before 2004-2005 that nuclear reactors were something vitally important to India’s future? And why do you suppose the most prominent Indian business lobby spent a million dollars and registered itself as an official lobbyist in Washington DC to promote the nuclear deal among American legislators? Because Big Business was feeling generous and altruistic towards the “energy security” of the ordinary people of India? Hardly.  Indian Big Business calculates and acts in its own interests, as is only to be expected under economic assumptions; those interests are frequently camouflaged by their lobbyist and media friends into seeming to be economic policy for the country as a whole.

Now our Government every year produces paper rupees and bank deposits in  practically unlimited amounts to pay for its practically unlimited deficit financing, and it has behaved thus over decades. Why we do not hear about this at all is because the most prominent Government economists themselves remain clueless — sometimes by choice, mostly by sheer ignorance — about the nature of the macroeconomic process that they are or have been part of.  (See my  “India’s Macroeconomics”, “The Dream Team: A Critique” etc elsewhere here). As for the Opposition’s economists, the less said about the CPI-M’s economists the better while the BJP, poor thing, has absolutely no economists at all!

Briefly speaking, Indian Big Business has acquired an acute sense of this long-term nominal/paper expansion of India’s economy, and as a result acts towards converting wherever possible its own hoards of paper rupees and rupee-denominated assets into more valuable portfolios for itself of real or durable assets, most conspicuously including hard-currency denominated assets, farm-land and urban real-estate, and, now, the physical assets of the Indian public sector. Such a path of trying to transform local domestic paper assets – produced unlimitedly by Government monetary and fiscal policy and naturally destined to depreciate — into real durable assets, is a privately rational course of action to follow in an inflationary economy.  It is not rocket-science  to realise the long-term path of the Indian rupee is downwards in comparison to the hard-currencies of the world – just compare our money supply growth and inflation rates with those of the rest of the world.

The Statesman of November 15 2006 had a lead editorial titled Government’s land-fraud: Cheating peasants in a hyperinflation-prone economy. It said:

“There is something fundamentally dishonourable about the way the Centre, the state of West Bengal and other state governments are treating the issue of expropriating peasants, farm-workers, petty shop-keepers etc of their small plots of land in the interests of promoters, industrialists and other businessmen. Singur may be but one example of a phenomenon being seen all over the country: Hyderabad, Karnataka, Kerala, Haryana, everywhere. So-called “Special Economic Zones” will merely exacerbate the problem many times over. India and its governments do not belong only to business and industrial lobbies, and what is good for private industrialists may or may not be good for India’s people as a whole. Economic development does not necessarily come to be defined by a few factories or high-rise housing complexes being built here or there on land that has been taken over by the Government, paying paper-money compensation to existing stakeholders, and then resold to promoters or industrialists backed by powerful political interest-groups on a promise that a few thousand new jobs will be created. One fundamental problem has to do with inadequate systems of land-description and definition, implementation and recording of property rights. An equally fundamental problem has to do with fair valuation of land owned by peasants etc. in terms of an inconvertible paper-money. Every serious economist knows that “land” is defined as that specific factor of production and real asset whose supply is fixed and does not increase in response to its price. Every serious economist also knows that paper-money is that nominal asset whose price can be made to catastrophically decline by a massive increase in its supply, i.e. by Government printing more of the paper it holds a monopoly to print. For Government to compensate people with paper-money it prints itself by valuing their land on the basis of an average of the price of the last few years, is for Government to cheat them of the fair present-value of the land. That present-value of land must be calculated in the way the present-value of any asset comes to be calculated, namely, by summing the likely discounted cash-flows of future values. And those future values should account for the likelihood of a massive future inflation causing decline in the value of paper-money in view of the fact we in India have a domestic public debt of some Rs. 30 trillion (Rs. 30 lakh crore) and counting, and money supply growth rates averaging 16-17% per annum. In fact, a responsible Government would, given the inconvertible nature of the rupee, have used foreign exchange or gold as the unit of account in calculating future-values of the land. India’s peasants are probably being cheated by their Government of real assets whose value is expected to rise, receiving nominal paper assets in compensation whose value is expected to fall.”

Mamata Banerjee started her famous protest fast-unto-death in Kolkata not long afterwards, riveting the nation’s attention in the winter of 2006-2007.

What goes for the government buying land on behalf of its businessman friends also goes, mutatis mutandis, for the public sector’s real assets being bought up by the private sector using domestic paper money in a potentially hyperinflationary economy.  If Dr Singh’s new Government wishes to see real public sector assets being sold, let the Government seek to value these assets not in inconvertible rupees which the Government itself has been producing in unlimited quantities but rather in forex or gold-units instead!

Today’s headline says “Short of cash, govt. plans to revive disinvestment ministry”. Big Business’s powerful lobbies will suggest  that real public assets must be sold  (to whom? to organised Big Business of course!) in order to solve the grave fiscal problems in an inflationary economy caused precisely by those grave  fiscal problems! What I said in 2002 at IndiaSeminar may still be found to apply: I said the BJP’s privatisation ideas “deserve to be condemned…because they have made themselves believe that the proceeds of selling the public sector should merely go into patching up the bleeding haemorrhage which is India’s fiscal and monetary situation… (w)hile…Congress were largely responsible for that haemorrhage to have occurred in the first place.”

If the new Government would like to know how to proceed more wisely, they need to read and grasp, in the book edited by myself and Professor John Clarke in 2004-2005, the chapter by Professor Patrick Minford on Margaret Thatcher’s fiscal and monetary policy (macroeconomics) before they read the chapter by Professor Martin Ricketts on Margaret Thatcher’s privatisation (microeconomics).  India’s fiscal and monetary or macroeconomic problems are far worse today than Britain’s were when Thatcher came in.

During the recent Election Campaign, I contrasted Dr Singh’s flattering praise in 2005 of the CPI-M’s Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee with Sonia Gandhi’s pro-Mamata line in 2009 saying the CPI-M had taken land away from the poor.  This may soon signal a new fault-line in the new Cabinet too on economic policy with respect to not only land but also public sector privatisation – with Dr Singh’s pro-Big Business acolytes on one side and Mamata Banerjee’s stance in favour of small-scale unorganised business and labour on the other.  Party heavyweights like Dr Singh himself and Sharad Pawar and Pranab Mukherjee will weigh in one side or the other with Sonia being asked in due course to referee.

I personally am delighted to see the New Rahul Gandhi deciding not to be in Government and to instead reflect further on the “common man” and “common woman” about whom I had described his father talking to me on September 18 1990 at his home. Certainly the “aam admi” is not someone to be found among India’s organised Big Business or organised Big Labour nor their paid lobbyists in the big cities.

Subroto Roy, Kolkata

Posted in Academic research, AD Shroff, Asia and the West, Big Business and Big Labour, BR Shenoy, Britain, Britain in India, British history, Economic Policy, Economic quackery, Economic Theory, Economics of exchange controls, Economics of Public Finance, Economics of real estate valuation, Financial Management, Financial markets, Foreign exchange controls, Government Budget Constraint, Government of India, India's Big Business, India's Banking, India's bureaucracy, India's Capital Markets, India's corporate finance, India's corporate governance, India's corruption, India's currency history, India's Economic History, India's Economy, India's Government Budget Constraint, India's Government Expenditure, India's Industry, India's inflation, India's Macroeconomics, India's Monetary & Fiscal Policy, India's nomenclatura, India's peasants, India's political lobbyists, India's Politics, India's pork-barrel politics, India's poverty, India's Public Finance, Inflation, Land and political economy, Macroeconomics, Mamata Banerjee, Manmohan Singh, Margaret Thatcher, Margaret Thatcher's Revolution, Martin Ricketts, Mendacity in politics, Microeconomics, Monetary Theory, Money and banking, Mumbai financial world, New Delhi, Patrick Minford, Political cynicism, Political Economy, Political mendacity, Political Science, Politics, Pork-barrel politics, Power-elites and nomenclatura, Practical wisdom, Principal-agent problem, Privatisation, Public Choice/Public Finance, Public property waste fraud, Rajiv Gandhi, Rational decisions, Singur and Nandigram, Sonia Gandhi, Statesmanship, The Statesman, The Times (London), University of Buckingham. Leave a Comment »

Well done Sonia-Rahul! Two hours before polls close today, I am willing to predict a big victory for you (but, please, try to get your economics right, and also, you must get Dr Singh a Lok Sabha seat if he is to be PM)

It is now coming up to be 3 pm Indian Standard Time on May 13, the last day of India’s 2009 General Elections, and there are two hours left for the polls to close.   I am happy to predict a big victory for the Congress Party, and Sonia Gandhi and her son Rahul will deserve congratulations for it.

How the victory takes shape is, I think, by their having won the median voter on both the economic and the secular-communal axes of Indian politics.  (See my 2008 published graph on the Median Voter Model in Indian politics, available elsewhere here).

I have met Sonia Gandhi once, in December 1991 at her home, where I gave her a tape of her husband’s conversations with me during the first Gulf War in 1991.   Her son and I met momentarily in her husband’s office in 1990-1991 but I do not recall any conversation.   I have had nothing to do with her Government.   Dr Manmohan Singh and I have met twice, once in Paris in the autumn of 1973 and once in Washington in September 1993; on the latter occasion, I was introduced to him and his key aides by Siddhartha Shankar Ray as the person on whose laptop the Congress manifesto of 1991 had been composed for Rajiv, something described elsewhere here.   (I also gave him then a copy of the published book that emerged from the University of  Hawaii perestroika-for-India project, Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s, edited by myself and WE James.)  On the former occasion,  Dr Singh had kindly acceded to my father’s request to visit our then-home to advise me on economics before I started as a freshman undergraduate at the London School of Economics.

In May 2004 I was interviewed by BBC television in England and I praised the UPA in prospect — in comparison  to the horrors of the Vajpayee-Advani regime (including my personal experience of it, when their Education Minister had sent an astrology-believing acolyte to supposedly run a scientific/technical institute).

Since 2005, especially in the columns of The Statesman, I have dispensed rational criticism of the UPA Government as harshly as I have criticised the BJP/RSS and the Communists.  Principally, I believe they have got  some (perhaps most) much of their  economics (quite badly) wrong as well as their jurisprudence and foreign policy; they have also been willingly under the influence of the powerful organised lobbies and interest groups that populate our capital cities.

Even so, I think there is a large electoral victory in prospect for the Congress, and I send them my early congratulations.  They have done enough by way of political rhetoric and political reality to maintain or enhance their vote-share; their oppositions on either side have both failed badly. The BJP may make some marginal gains especially in Bihar but they have generally done enough to lose the day.  The CPM too will lose popularity especially in Bengal, and will never progress until they fire their JNU economists which they are never going to do.

So, Sonia-Rahul, well done!

But please try to improve your economics.

And, also, you simply must get Dr Manmohan Singh a seat in the Lok Sabha if he is to be PM — Ambedkar and Nehru and all their generation did not specify that India’s PM must be from the Lok Sabha because it was something totally OBVIOUS.

Subroto Roy, Kolkata

Postscript: Someone at a website has referred to my prediction above and remarked: “Perhaps the good doc is aware of the money in play”. The answer is no, I have absolutely no special information about any “money in play” on any side. My prediction is based on a layman’s observation of the campaign, as well as more specialised analysis of past voting data from the EC. In an earlier post, I pointed out the BJP had gotten some 17 million fewer votes than the Congress in 2004, and I asked if they had done enough to get enough of a net change in their favour. The answer I think is that they have not done so. To the contrary, I think there will be a quite large net change in favour of Congress thanks to a better-run and better-led campaign. Of course it is just a prediction that may be found to be incorrect.
SR

Democracy Database for the Largest Electorate Ever Seen in World History

In four days, on April 16 2009, one thousand seven hundred and seven officially recognized candidates, representing 161 political parties and including 770 Independents, are contesting the polls in 124 constituencies (out of a total of 543 constituencies), across 15 States and two Union Territories  in Phase 1 of the General Election to India’s 15th Lok Sabha.   Between 16 April and 7 May in Phases 2, 3 and 4, that number of candidates contesting  India’s  General Elections rises to at least 4,637, average age 46.1, from 261 political parties, including 291 women and 2118  Independents across more than 150 further constituencies.  By 13 May, Phase 5 will be over and all 543 constituencies shall have been covered.  The size of the registered electorate of potential voters under adult franchise is 383,566,479, the largest in human history.

Did you know that? Of course not. None of our juvenile TV stations and only-slightly-less-juvenile newspapers would have been able to give you such numbers even if they had tried to; they would barely know where to begin. Besides, our Election Commission too has become a  sclerotic bureaucracy like everything else to do with India’s governance; its website — now updated and improving slightly every day — provides a lot of irrelevancies along with providing  the very least modicum of  raw data logically necessary for the conduct of the election.

Ten years ago, just prior to the 13th Lok Sabha Elections, I, as part of my academic research as a “full professor” at an “Institution of National Importance”, created an Excel spreadsheet containing every single Lok Sabha constituency at the time. I later sent it on to the EC for its free use and distribution. (Some of my academic colleagues were surprised and suspicious as one of their principal goals in life was to obtain lucrative government “consulting” contracts wherever possible — doing things for free set a worrisome example despite the slogan of being supposedly “dedicated to the service of the nation”!). Nothing happened because the EC in particular and the Government of India in general did not then and have not now appeared keen to know how to use spreadsheets  like Excel properly, despite our claims of  India  being  an information-technology powerhouse!

I have now had to re-create that 1999 spreadsheet again for the 15th Lok Sabha Elections because there has been a major parliamentary exercise of what is called “redistricting” in some countries and “delimitation” here in India. Many constituencies have been merged or have disappeared while new ones have appeared.  Plus  numerous innovative techniques  and formulae have had to be used by me with vital free help from Excel Forum users as well as providers of free add-ins around the world, to whom grateful acknowledgment is made.

The processed data below is based entirely on the raw data available from the EC as of April 11 2009.  As the EC updates its raw data, so shall I seek to update this processed data.   There are definite errors in the EC data (e.g. one Independent candidate has been listed 3 times, while 19 people have been listed as being99 years old; more significantly there seems to be at least one constituency in which there is only one candidate, etc etc.)   Whatever errors exist in the raw data must be carried over to these data here, I am afraid.  But I will as I have said update this as the EC updates its raw data.  If there are errors in my processing, I do not know of them, so please check and recheck against the EC’s data if you wish to use these data operationally.  [Update 1800 hours Sunday April 12: the EC has reduced the number of candidates from 4637 to 4631 which presumably means some obvious slight errors have been corrected; it is still far short of having announced all candidates for all 543 constituencies, so the overall number is destined to rise and drastically quite soon -- I hope before the first polls open on Thursday!].

The first two indicators are the EC’s way of identifying a constituency; then there is the name of the State or Union Territory in a two-digit code followed by the name of the constituency  in capitals, the date that polling is due to take place, and the list of the candidates and their parties.   I have made every effort to see no error has been added by me in addition to any errors that might exist in the EC’s data.  But please check and double check yourself, and I cannot  take responsibility for the accuracy of the information, especially as it is being done in “real time”.

This is being provided as a free public service for India’s ordinary people, citizens, candidates, students, observers etc.   Any broadcast or republication or academic use must acknowledge it appeared first at this site in my work: just link to this post or quote “Democracy Database for the Largest Electorate Ever Seen in World History by Dr Subroto Roy”, and use away.

Why do I think it is important for every candidate in every constituency in India’s 2009 General Elections to have his/her name known and to receive due respect and a small salute in HTML even for a brief moment?

Because that is what democracy in a free republic is supposed to be about. India is not a monarchy or a mansabdari of some sort, no matter what the many corrupt people inhabiting our Government and our capital cities might have made themselves believe.

Our juvenile, sensationalist, irresponsible  Delhi-centred media might realize someday that there are thousands of real people all over  this country that is India contesting these elections  seriously and trying to thus participate in the political process as best they can.  The Delhi-centred media  remain focused on the few dozen fake celebrities that they flatter,  cultivate and pander to. (We must wait to see what depths of journalistic depravity our  TV stations reach in  covering the so-called IPL in South Africa more seriously than they cover India’s 2009 General Elections!  What would MK Gandhi, who, a century ago, was still in South Africa, have said about such a twist of India’s fate?)

Here instead are India’s names and India’s lives and India’s places and India’s peoples and India’s political parties for all of us to see and understand and hence  see and understand ourselves better.

Here’s a cheer to all those party-political symbols for or  against which India’s hundreds of millions of voters will make their decisions:

A lady farmer carrying paddy on her head,
Aeroplane,
Almirah
Arrow
Axe
Balloon
Banana
Basket
Bat
Batsman
Battery Torch
Bead Necklace
Bell
Bicycle
Black Board
Boat
Book
Bow & Arrow
Boy & Girl
Bread
Brick
Bridge
Brief Case
Brush
Bungalow
Bus
Cake
Camera
Candles
Car
Carrot
Cart
Ceiling Fan
Chair
Clock
Coat
Cock
Coconut
Comb
Conch
Cot
Cup & Saucer
Diesel Pump
Dolli
Drum
Ears of Corn And Sickle
Electric Pole
Elephant
Flag with Three Stars
Flowers and Grass
Fork
Frock
Frying Pan
Gas Cylinder
Gas Stove
Glass Tumbler
Haldhar Within Wheel (Chakra Haldhar)
Hammer, Sickle and Star
Hand
Hand Pump
Harmonium
Hat
Hurricane Lamp
Hut
Ice Cream
Ink Pot & Pen
Iron
Jug
Kettle
Kite
Ladder
Lady Purse
Letter Box
Lion
Lock and Key
Lotus
Maize
Nagara
Not Alloted
Pressure Cooker
Railway Engine
Ring
Rising Sun
Road Roller
Saw
Scissors
Sewing Machine
Shuttle
Slate
Spade & Stoker
Spoon
Stool
Table
Table Lamp
Television
Tent
Two Daos Intersecting
Two Leaves
Violin
Walking Stick
Whistle….

Here’s a cheer then to all the thousands of candidates, average age 46.1, including those Independents, and the hundreds of political parties who go to the contest  beginning  April 16:

Aadivasi Sena Party
A-Chik National Congress(Democratic)
Adarsh Lok Dal
Advait Ishwasyam Congress
Ajeya Bharat Party
AJSU Party
Akhand Bharti
Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena
Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)
Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party
Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal
Akhil Bhartiya Manavata Paksha
Akhil Bhartiya Sindhu Samajwadi Party
Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)
All India Forward Bloc
All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen
All India Minorities Front
All India Trinamool Congress
All Jharkhand Students Union
Alpjan Samaj Party
Ambedkar National Congress
Ambedkar Samaj Party
Ambedkarist Republican Party
Amra Bangalee
Apna Dal
Arunachal Congress
Asom Gana Parishad
Assam United Democratic Front
Autonomous State Demand Committee
Awami Party
B. C. United Front
Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K
Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch
Bahujan Samaj Party
Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)
Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)
Bahujan Shakty
Bahujan Uday Manch
Bajjikanchal Vikas Party
Bharat Punarnirman Dal
Bharat Vikas Morcha
Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party
Bharatiya Bahujan Party
Bharatiya Eklavya Party
Bharatiya Grameen Dal
Bharatiya Jagaran Party
Bharatiya Jan Berojgar Chhatra Dal
Bharatiya Jan Shakti
Bharatiya Janata Party
Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal
Bharatiya Lok Kalyan Dal
Bharatiya Loktantrik Party(Gandhi-Lohiawadi)
Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh
Bharatiya Momin Front
Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal
Bharatiya Peoples Party
Bharatiya Pichhra Dal
Bharatiya Praja Paksha
Bharatiya Rashtriya Bahujan Samaj Vikas Party
Bharatiya Republican Paksha
Bharatiya Sadbhawna Samaj Party
Bharatiya Samaj Dal
Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party
Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party
Bharatiya Subhash Sena
Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
Biju Janata Dal
Bira Oriya Party
Bodaland Peoples Front
Buddhiviveki Vikas Party
Chandigarh Vikas Party
Chhattisgarh Vikas Party
Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party
Communist Party of India
Communist Party of India (Marxist)
Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
Democratic Party of India
Democratic Secular Party
Dharam Nirpeksh Dal
Duggar Pradesh Party
Eklavya Samaj Party
Gondvana Gantantra Party
Gondwana Mukti Sena
Great India Party
Hill State People’s Democratic Party
Hindustan Janta Party
Indian Christian Secular Party
Indian Justice Party
Indian National Congress
Indian Peace Party
Indian Peoples Forward Block
Indian Union Muslim League
Jaganmay Nari Sangathan
Jago Party
Jai Bharat Samanta Party
Jai Chhattisgarh Party
Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party
Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party
Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
Jan Samanta Party
Jan Surajya Shakti
Jana Hitkari Party
Janata Dal (Secular)
Janata Dal (United)
Janata Party
Janvadi Party(Socialist)
Jawan Kisan Morcha
Jharkhand Disom Party
Jharkhand Jan Morcha
Jharkhand Janadikhar Manch
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
Jharkhand Party
Jharkhand Party (Naren)
Jharkhand PeopleÂ’S Party
Jharkhand Vikas Dal
Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
Kalinga Sena
Kamtapur Progressive Party
Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha
Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha
Karnataka Thamizhar Munnetra Kazhagam
Kerala Congress
Kerala Congress (M)
Kosal Kranti Dal
Kosi Vikas Party
Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
Krantikari Samyavadi Party
Krantisena Maharashtra
Laghujan Samaj Vikas Party
Lal Morcha
Lok Bharati
Lok Dal
Lok Jan Shakti Party
Lok Jan Vikas Morcha
Lok Satta Party
Lok Vikas Party
Lokpriya Samaj Party
Loksangram
Loktanrik Sarkar Party
Loktantrik Samajwadi Party
Loktantrik Samata Dal
Mahagujarat Janta Party
Maharashtra Navnirman sena
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak
Mahila Adhikar Party
Mana Party
Manav Mukti Morcha
Manipur People’s Party
Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)
Marxist Co-Ordination
Maulik Adhikar Party
Meghalaya Democratic Party
Moderate Party
Momin Conference
Muslim League Kerala State Committee
Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh
Nagaland Peoples Front
National Development Party
National Lokhind Party
National Loktantrik Party
National Secular Party
National Youth Party
Nationalist Congress Party
Navbharat Nirman Party
Nelopa(United)
Orissa Mukti Morcha
Party for Democratic Socialism
Paschim Banga Rajya Muslim League
Peace Party
Peoples Democratic Alliance
Peoples Democratic Forum
People’s Democratic Front
Peoples Guardian
People’s Party of Arunachal
Peoples Republican Party
Prabuddha Republican Party
Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party
Praja Bharath Party
Praja Rajyam Party
Prajatantrik Samadhan Party
Proutist Sarva Samaj
Proutist Sarva Samaj Party
Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal
Pyramid Party of India
Rajyadhikara Party
Rashtra Sewa Dal
Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal
Rashtravadi Communist Party
Rashtravadi Janata Party
Rashtrawadi Sena
Rashtriya Agraniye Dal
Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party
Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
Rashtriya Gondvana Party
Rashtriya Janata Dal
Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha
Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)
Rashtriya Kranti Party
Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party
Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
Rashtriya Lok Dal
Rashtriya Lokhit Party
Rashtriya Lokwadi Party
Rashtriya Machhua Samaj Party
Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party
Rashtriya Pragati Party
Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)
Rashtriya Raksha Dal
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (United)
Rashtriya Samanta Dal
Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party
Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi
Republican Paksha (Khoripa)
Republican Party of India
Republican Party of India (A)
Republican Party of India (Democratic )
Republican Party of India (Khobragade)
Republican Presidium Party of India
Republician Party of India Ektawadi
Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)
Revolutionary Socialist Party
Samajik Jantantrik Party
Samajtantric Party of India
Samajwadi Jan Parishad
Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
Samajwadi Party
Samata Party
Samruddha Odisha
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party
Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha
Sarvodaya Party
Savarn Samaj Party
Save Goa Front
Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)
Shivrajya Party
Shivsena
Shoshit Samaj Dal
Socialist Party (Lohia)
Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
Sunder Samaj Party
Swabhimani Paksha
Swarajya Party Of India
Swatantra Bharat Paksha
Telangana Rashtra Samithi
Telugu Desam
The Humanist Party of India
Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
United Communist Party of India
United Democratic Party
United Goans Democratic Party
United Women Front
Uttar Pradesh Republican Party
Vanchit Jamat Party
Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katch
Vikas Party
Vishva Hindustani Sangathan
Yuva Vikas Party … and many many more….

S01    1    AP    ADILABAD    16-Apr-09    1    ADE TUKARAM    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    KOTNAK RAMESH    M    39    Indian National Congress
3    RATHOD RAMESH    M    43    Telugu Desam
4    RATHOD SADASHIV NAIK    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    MESRAM NAGO RAO    M    59    Praja Rajyam Party
6    ATHRAM LAXMAN RAO    M    47    Independent
7    GANTA PENTANNA    M    36    Independent
8    NETHAVAT RAMDAS    M    39    Independent
9    BANKA SAHADEVU    M    55    Independent
S01    2    AP    PEDDAPALLE    16-Apr-09    1    GAJJELA SWAMY    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    GOMASA SRINIVAS    M    41    Telangana Rashtra Samithi
3    MATHANGI NARSIAH    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    DR.G.VIVEKANAND    M    51    Indian National Congress
5    AREPELLI DAVID RAJU    M    36    Praja Rajyam Party
6    KRISHNA SABBALI    M    39    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)
7    AMBALA MAHENDAR    M    38    Independent
8    A. KAMALAMMA    F    36    Independent
9    GORRE RAMESH    M    42    Independent
10    NALLALA KANUKAIAH    M    39    Independent
11    B. MALLAIAH    M    32    Independent
12    K. RAJASWARI    F    38    Independent
13    D. RAMULU    M    51    Independent
14    G.VINAY KUMAR    M    51    Independent
15    S.LAXMAIAH    M    33    Independent
S01    3    AP    KARIMNAGAR    16-Apr-09    1    CHANDUPATLA JANGA REDDY    M    75    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    PONNAM PRABHAKAR    M    41    Indian National Congress
3    VINOD KUMAR BOINAPALLY    M    49    Telangana Rashtra Samithi
4    VIRESHAM NALIMELA    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    RAGULA RAMULU    M    40    Republican Party of India (A)
6    LINGAMPALLI SRINIVAS REDDY    M    39    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)
7    VELICHALA RAJENDER RAO    M    46    Praja Rajyam Party
8    T. SRIMANNARAYANA    M    68    Pyramid Party of India
9    K. PRABHAKAR    M    43    Independent
10    KORIVI VENUGOPAL    M    46    Independent
11    BARIGE GATTAIAH YADAV    M    32    Independent
12    GADDAM RAJI REDDY    M    48    Independent
13    PANAKANTI SATISH KUMAR    M    46    Independent
14    PEDDI RAVINDER    M    29    Independent
15    B. SURESH    M    32    Independent
S01    4    AP    NIZAMABAD    16-Apr-09    1    DR. BAPU REDDY    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    BIGALA GANESH GUPTA    M    39    Telangana Rashtra Samithi
3    MADHU YASKHI GOUD    M    50    Indian National Congress
4    YEDLA RAMU    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    DUDDEMPUDI SAMBASIVA RAO CHOUDARY    M    62    Lok Satta Party
6    P.VINAY KUMAR    M    51    Praja Rajyam Party
7    DR. V.SATHYANARAYANA MURTHY    M    51    Pyramid Party of India
8    S. SUJATHA    F    43    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
9    AARIS MOHAMMED    M    46    Independent
10    KANDEM PRABHAKAR    M    44    Independent
11    GADDAM SRINIVAS    M    47    Independent
12    RAPELLY SRINIVAS    M    34    Independent
S01    5    AP    ZAHIRABAD    16-Apr-09    1    CHENGAL BAGANNA    M    66    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    M.VISHNU MUDIRAJ    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SYED YOUSUF ALI    M    54    Telangana Rashtra Samithi
4    SURESH KUMAR SHETKAR    M    46    Indian National Congress
5    BENJAMIN RAJU    M    39    Indian Justice Party
6    MALKAPURAM SHIVA KUMAR    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party
7    MALLESH RAVINDER REDDY    M    39    Lok Satta Party
8    CHITTA RAJESHWAR RAO    M    45    Independent
9    POWAR SINGH HATTI SINGH    M    36    Independent
10    BASAVA RAJ PATIL    M    39    Independent
S01    6    AP    MEDAK    16-Apr-09    1    NARENDRANATH .C    M    45    Indian National Congress
2    P. NIROOP REDDY    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    VIJAYA SHANTHI .M    F    43    Telangana Rashtra Samithi
4    Y. SHANKAR GOUD    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    KOVURI PRABHAKAR    M    51    Pyramid Party of India
6    KHAJA QUAYUM ANWAR    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party
7    D. YADESHWAR    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)
8    K. SUDHEER REDDY    M    37    Lok Satta Party
9    KUNDETI RAVI    M    32    Independent
S01    7    AP    MALKAJGIRI    16-Apr-09    1    NALLU INDRASENA REDDY    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    M.BABU RAO PADMA SALE    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    BHEEMSEN.T    M    60    Telugu Desam
4    SARVEY SATYANARAYANA    M    54    Indian National Congress
5    S.D.KRISHNA MURTHY    M    51    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
6    T.DEVENDER GOUD    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party
7    NARENDER KUMBALA    M    39    Bharat Punarnirman Dal
8    PRATHANI RAMAKRISHNA    M    42    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
9    LION C FRANCIS MJF    M    56    Samajwadi Party
10    N V RAMA REDDY    M    54    Pyramid Party of India
11    DR.LAVU RATHAIAH    M    56    Lok Satta Party
12    KANTE KANAKAIAH GANGAPUTHRA    M    63    Independent
13    KOYAL KAR BHOJARAJ    M    35    Independent
14    CHENURU VENKATA SUBBA RAO    M    52    Independent
15    JAJULA BHASKAR    M    34    Independent
16    LT.COL. (RETD). DUSERLA PAPARAIDU    M    62    Independent
17    MD.MANSOORALI    M    31    Independent
18    S.VICTOR    M    40    Independent
19    K.SRINIVASA RAJU    M    44    Independent
S01    8    AP    SECUNDRABAD    16-Apr-09    1    ANJAN KUMAR YADAV M    M    47    Indian National Congress
2    BANDARU DATTATREYA    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    M. D. MAHMOOD ALI    M    55    Telangana Rashtra Samithi
4    M. VENKATESH    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    SRINIVASA SUDHISH RAMBHOTLA    M    40    Telugu Desam
6    ABDUS SATTAR MUJAHED    M    41    Muslim League Kerala State Committee
7    IMDAD JAH    M    64    Ambedkar National Congress
8    P. DAMODER REDDY    M    48    Pyramid Party of India
9    DR. DASOJU SRAVAN KUMAR    M    41    Praja Rajyam Party
10    S. DEVAIAH    M    59    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
11    C.V.L. NARASIMHA RAO    M    51    Lok Satta Party
12    DR .POLISHETTY RAM MOHAN    M    57    Samata Party
13    MOHD. OSMAN QURESHEE    M    35    Ajeya Bharat Party
14    SHIRAZ KHAN    F    39    United Women Front
15    ASEERVADAM LELLAPALLI    M    51    Independent
16    AMBATI KRISHNA MURTHY    M    50    Independent
17    B. GOPALA KRISHNA    M    42    Independent
18    DEVI DAS RAO GHODKE    M    63    Independent
19    BABER ALI KHAN    M    51    Independent
20    M. BHAGYA MATHA    F    38    Independent
21    CH. MURAHARI    M    49    Independent
22    G. RAJAIAH    M    48    Independent
23    K. SRINIVASA CHARI    M    49    Independent
S01    9    AP    HYDERABAD    16-Apr-09    1    ZAHID ALI KHAN    M    66    Telugu Desam
2    P. LAXMAN RAO GOUD    M    55    Indian National Congress
3    SATISH AGARWAL    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    SAMY MOHAMMED    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    ASADUDDIN OWAISI    M    41    All India Majlis-E-Ittehadul Muslimeen
6    S. GOPAL SINGH    M    34    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
7    TAHER KAMAL KHUNDMIRI    M    52    Janata Dal (Secular)
8    FATIMA .A    F    41    Praja Rajyam Party
9    P. VENKATESWARA RAO    M    58    Pyramid Party of India
10    D. SURENDER    M    36    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
11    AL-KASARY MOULLIM MOHSIN HUSSAIN    M    33    Independent
12    ALTAF AHMED KHAN    M    43    Independent
13    M.A. QUDDUS GHORI    M    43    Independent
14    ZAHID ALI KHAN    M    26    Independent
15    M.A. BASITH    M    55    Independent
16    MD. OSMAN    M    43    Independent
17    B. RAVI YADAV    M    33    Independent
18    N.L. SRINIVAS    M    31    Independent
19    M.A. SATTAR    M    29    Independent
20    D. SADANAND    M    45    Independent
21    SYED ABDUL GAFFTER    M    51    Independent
22    SARDAR SINGH    M    62    Independent
23    M.A. HABEEB    M    31    Independent
S01    10    AP    CHELVELLA    16-Apr-09    1    JAIPAL REDDY SUDINI    M    67    Indian National Congress
2    A.P.JITHENDER REDDY    M    54    Telugu Desam
3    BADDAM BAL REDDY    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    C.SRINIVAS RAO    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    KASANI GNANESHWAR    M    54    Mana Party
6    KUMMARI GIRI    M    28    Pyramid Party of India
7    DASARA SARALA DEVI    F    39    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)
8    DR.B.RAGHUVEER REDDY    M    42    Lok Satta Party
9    SAMA SRINIVASULU    M    34    Great India Party
10    S.MALLA REDDY    M    43    Independent
11    G.MALLESHAM GOUD    M    32    Independent
12    RAMESHWARAM JANGAIAH    M    58    Independent
13    LAXMINARAYANA    M    27    Independent
14    VENKATRAM NAIK    M    27    Independent
15    SAYAMOOLA NARSIMULU    M    30    Independent
S01    11    AP    MAHBUBNAGAR    16-Apr-09    1    KUCHAKULLA YADAGIRI REDDY    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    K. CHANDRASEKHAR RAO    M    55    Telangana Rashtra Samithi
3    DEVARAKONDA VITTAL RAO    M    57    Indian National Congress
4    PALEM SUDARSHAN GOUD    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    ABDUL KAREEM KHAJA MOHAMMAD    M    50    Lok Satta Party
6    ASIRVADAM    M    35    Great India Party
7    KOLLA VENKATESH MADIGA    M    37    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
8    GUNDALA VIJAYALAKSHMI    F    61    Pyramid Party of India
9    B. BALRAJ GOUD    M    44    Mana Party
10    MUNISWAMY.C.R    M    32    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
11    USHAN SATHYAMMA    F    32    Independent
12    USAIN RANGAMMA    F    50    Independent
13    YETTI CHINNA YENKAIAH    M    47    Independent
14    YETTI LINGAIAH    M    52    Independent
15    KANDUR KURMAIAH    M    56    Independent
16    KARRE JANGAIAH    M    29    Independent
17    GANGAPURI RAVINDAR GOUD    M    28    Independent
18    GAJJA NARSIMULU    M    35    Independent
19    CHENNAMSETTY DASHARATHA RAMULU HOLEA DASARI    M    31    Independent
20    M.A. JABBAR    M    39    Independent
21    DEPALLY MAISAIAH    M    27    Independent
22    DEPALLY SAYANNA    M    47    Independent
23    K. NARSIMULU    M    52    Independent
24    NAGENDER REDDY. K    M    49    Independent
25    PANDU    M    29    Independent
26    BUDIGA JANGAM LAXMAMMA    F    30    Independent
27    MOHAMMAD GHOUSE MOINUDDIN    M    76    Independent
28    MALA JANGILAMMA    F    50    Independent
29    RAJESH NAIK    M    29    Independent
30    RAIKANTI RAMADAS MADIGA    M    40    Independent
31    V. VENKATESHWARLU    M    32    Independent
32    B. SEENAIAH GOUD    M    62    Independent
S01    12    AP    NAGARKURNOOL    16-Apr-09    1    GUVVALA BALARAJU    M    31    Telangana Rashtra Samithi
2    TANGIRALA PARAMJOTHI    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    DR. MANDA JAGANNATH    M    57    Indian National Congress
4    DR. T. RATNAKARA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    DEVANI SATYANARAYANA    M    39    Praja Rajyam Party
6    S.P.FERRY ROY    M    27    Pyramid Party of India
7    G. VIDYASAGAR    M    60    Lok Satta Party
8    ANAPOSALA VENKATESH    M    27    Independent
9    N. KURUMAIAH    M    27    Independent
10    BUDDULA SRINIVAS    M    35    Independent
11    A.V. SHIVA KUMAR    M    42    Independent
12    SIRIGIRI MANNEM    M    36    Independent
13    HANUMANTHU    M    28    Independent
S01    13    AP    NALGONDA    16-Apr-09    1    GUTHA SUKENDER REDDY    M    55    Indian National Congress
2    NAZEERUDDIN    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    VEDIRE SRIRAM REDDY    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    SURAVARAM SUDHAKAR REDDY    M    67    Communist Party of India
5    A. NAGESHWAR RAO    M    59    Pyramid Party of India
6    PADURI KARUNA    F    58    Praja Rajyam Party
7    DAIDA LINGAIAH    M    51    Independent
8    MD. NAZEEMUDDIN    M    40    Independent
9    BOLUSANI KRISHNAIAH    M    45    Independent
10    BOLLA KARUNAKAR    M    33    Independent
11    MARRY NEHEMIAH    M    55    Independent
12    YALAGANDULA RAMU    M    41    Independent
13    K.V.SRINIVASA CHARYULU    M    30    Independent
14    SHAIK AHMED    M    57    Independent
S01    14    AP    BHONGIR    16-Apr-09    1    KOMATIREDDY RAJ GOPAL REDDY    M    41    Indian National Congress
2    CHINTHA SAMBA MURTHY    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    NOMULA NARSIMHAIAH    M    49    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4    SIDDHARTHA PHOOLEY    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    CHANDRA MOULI GANDAM    M    48    Praja Rajyam Party
6    PALLA PRABHAKAR REDDY    M    64    Pyramid Party of India
7    RACHA SUBHADRA REDDY    F    59    Lok Satta Party
8    GUMMI BAKKA REDDY    M    75    Independent
9    POOSA BALA KISHAN BESTA    M    35    Independent
10    PERUKA ANJAIAH    M    46    Independent
11    MAMIDIGALLA JOHN BABU    M    40    Independent
12    MEDI NARSIMHA    M    31    Independent
13    RUPANI RAMESH VADDERA    M    31    Independent
14    SANGU MALLAYYA    M    66    Independent
15    SIRUPANGI RAMULU    M    55    Independent
S01    15    AP    WARANGAL    16-Apr-09    1    JAYAPAL. V    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    DOMMATI SAMBAIAH    M    45    Telugu Desam
3    RAJAIAH SIRICILLA    M    55    Indian National Congress
4    RAMAGALLA PARAMESHWAR    M    55    Telangana Rashtra Samithi
5    LALAIAH P    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party
6    ONTELA MONDAIAH    M    58    Pyramid Party of India
7    DR. CHANDRAGIRI RAJAMOULY    M    49    Praja Rajyam Party
8    BALLEPU VENKAT NARSINGA RAO    M    37    Lok Satta Party
9    KANNAM VENKANNA    M    32    Independent
10    KRISHNADHI SRILATHA    F    33    Independent
11    SOMAIAH GANAPURAM    M    39    Independent
12    DAMERA MOGILI    M    34    Independent
13    DUBASI NARSING    M    46    Independent
14    PAKALA DEVADANAM    M    74    Independent
15    D. SREEDHAR RAO    M    37    Independent
S01    16    AP    MAHABUBABAD    16-Apr-09    1    KUNJA SRINIVASA RAO    M    31    Communist Party of India
2    GUMMADI PULLAIAH    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    B. DILIP    M    35    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    P. BALRAM    M    45    Indian National Congress
5    D.T. NAIK    M    61    Praja Rajyam Party
6    PODEM SAMMAIAH    M    31    Pyramid Party of India
7    BANOTH MOLCHAND    M    60    Lok Satta Party
8    KALTHI VEERASWAMY    M    52    Independent
9    KECHELA RANGA REDDY    M    44    Independent
10    DATLA NAGESWAR RAO    M    42    Independent
11    PADIGA YERRAIAH    M    64    Independent
12    P. SATYANARAYANA    M    32    Independent
S01    17    AP    KHAMMAM    16-Apr-09    1    KAPILAVAI RAVINDER    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    THONDAPU VENKATESWARA RAO    M    30    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    NAMA NAGESWARA RAO    M    50    Telugu Desam
4    RENUKA CHOWDHURY    F    54    Indian National Congress
5    JALAGAM HEMAMALINI    F    40    Praja Rajyam Party
6    JUPELLI SATYANARAYANA    M    61    Lok Satta Party
7    MANUKONDA RAGHURAM PRASAD    M    55    Pyramid Party of India
8    SHAIK MADAR SAHEB    M    40    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
9    AVULA VENKATESWARLU    M    45    Independent
10    CHANDA LINGAIAH    M    58    Independent
11    DANDA LINGAIAH    M    59    Independent
12    BANOTH LAXMA NAIK    M    52    Independent
13    MALLAVARAPU JEREMIAH    M    63    Independent
S01    18    AP    ARUKU    16-Apr-09    1    KISHORE CHANDRA SURYANARAYANA DEO VYRICHERLA    M    62    Indian National Congress
2    KURUSA BOJJAIAH    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    GADUGU BALLAYYA DORA    M    38    Rashtriya Janata Dal
4    MIDIYAM BABU RAO    M    58    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5    LAKE RAJA RAO    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
6    MEENAKA SIMHACHALAM    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party
7    VADIGALA PENTAYYA    M    56    Lok Satta Party
8    APPA RAO KINJEDI    M    48    Independent
9    ARIKA GUMPA SWAMY    M    60    Independent
10    ILLA RAMI REDDY    M    54    Independent
11    JAYALAKSHMI SHAMBUDU    F    39    Independent
S01    19    AP    SRIKAKULAM    16-Apr-09    1    YERRNNAIDU KINJARAPU    M    50    Telugu Desam
2    KILLI KRUPA RANI    F    47    Indian National Congress
3    TANKALA SUDHAKARA RAO    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    DUPPALA RAVINDARA BABU    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    KALYANI VARUDU    F    29    Praja Rajyam Party
6    NANDA PRASADA RAO    M    37    Pyramid Party of India
S01    20    AP    VIZIANAGARAM    16-Apr-09    1    APPALA NAIDU KONDAPALLI    M    41    Telugu Desam
2    GOTTAPU CHINAMNAIDU    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    JHANSI LAXMI BOTCHA    F    45    Indian National Congress
4    SANYASI RAJU PAKALAPATI    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    KIMIDI GANAPATHI RAO    M    52    Praja Rajyam Party
6    LUNKARAN JAIN    M    60    Pyramid Party of India
7    DATTLA SATYA APPALA SIVANANDA RAJU    M    34    Lok Satta Party
8    VENKATA SATYA NARAYANA RAGHUMANDA    M    28    Bharatiya Sadbhawna Samaj Party
9    MAHESWARA RAO VARRI    M    35    Independent
S01    21    AP    VISAKHAPATNAM    16-Apr-09    1    I.M.AHMED    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    DAGGUBATI PURANDESWARI    F    49    Indian National Congress
3    DR.M.V.V.S.MURTHI    M    70    Telugu Desam
4    D.V.SUBBARAO    M    76    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    PALLA SRINIVASA RAO    M    40    Praja Rajyam Party
6    BETHALA KEGIYA RANI    F    26    Bahujan Samaj Party(Ambedkar-Phule)
7    D.BHARATHI    F    53    Pyramid Party of India
8    D.V.RAMANA (VASU MASTER)    M    37    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
9    RAMESH LANKA    M    49    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party
10    M.T.VENKATESWARALU    M    42    Lok Satta Party
11    APPARAO GOLAGANA    M    46    Independent
12    BANDAM VENKATA RAO YADAV    M    32    Independent
13    YADDANAPUDI RANGARAO    M    78    Independent
14    YALAMANCHILI PRASAD    M    54    Independent
15    RANGARAJU KALIDINDI    M    46    Independent
S01    22    AP    ANAKAPALLI    16-Apr-09    1    APPA RAO KIRLA    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    NOOKARAPU SURYA PRAKASA RAO    M    50    Telugu Desam
3    BHEEMISETTI NAGESWARARAO    M    41    Rashtriya Janata Dal
4    VENKATA RAMANA BABU PILLA    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    SABBAM HARI    M    55    Indian National Congress
6    ALLU ARAVIND    M    62    Praja Rajyam Party
7    PULAMARASETTI VENKATA RAMANA    M    28    Pyramid Party of India
8    BOYINA NAGESWARA RAO    M    52    Janata Dal (United)
9    NANDA GOPAL GANDHAM    M    60    Independent
10    PATHALA SATYA RAO    M    46    Independent
S02    1    AR    ARUNACHAL WEST    16-Apr-09    1    KIREN RIJIJU    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    TAKAM SANJOY    M    42    Indian National Congress
3    TABA TAKU    M    25    Lok Bharati
4    SUBU KECHI    M    36    Independent
S02    2    AR    ARUNACHAL EAST    16-Apr-09    1    LOWANGCHA WANGLAT    M    66    Arunachal Congress
2    NINONG ERING    M    50    Indian National Congress
3    TAPIR GAO    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    DR. SAMSON BORANG    M    33    People’s Party of Arunachal
S03    1    AS    KARIMGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    RAJESH MALLAH    M    43    Assam United Democratic Front
2    LALIT MOHAN SUKLABAIDYA    M    68    Indian National Congress
3    SUDHANGSHU DAS    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    UTTAM NOMOSUDRA    M    34    Independent
5    JOY DAS    M    37    Independent
6    DEBASISH DAS    M    36    Independent
7    PROBHASH CH. SARKAR    M    36    Independent
8    BIJON ROY    M    35    Independent
9    BIJOY MALAKAR    M    42    Independent
10    MALATI ROY    F    42    Independent
11    MILON SINGHA    M    42    Independent
12    RANJAN NAMASUDRA    M    41    Independent
13    RAJESH CHANDRA ROY    M    29    Independent
14    SITAL PRASAD DUSAD    M    55    Independent
15    HIMANGSHU KUMAR DAS    M    28    Independent
S03    2    AS    SILCHAR    16-Apr-09    1    KABINDRA PURKAYASTHA    M    74    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    DIPAK BHATTACHARJEE    M    69    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
3    BADRUDDIN AJMAL    M    54    Assam United Democratic Front
4    SONTOSH MOHAN DEV    M    75    Indian National Congress
5    KANTIMOY DEB    M    60    Independent
6    CHANDAN RABIDAS    M    34    Independent
7    JAYANTA MALLICK    M    36    Independent
8    JOY SUNDAR DAS    M    38    Independent
9    NAGENDRA CHANDRA DAS    M    28    Independent
10    NAZRUL HAQUE MAZARBHUIYAN    M    36    Independent
11    NABADWIP DAS    M    58    Independent
12    PIJUSH KANTI DAS    M    38    Independent
13    MANISH BHATTACHARJEE    M    62    Independent
14    YOGENDRA KUMAR SINGH    M    40    Independent
15    SUBIR DEB    M    41    Independent
16    SUMIT ROY    M    33    Independent
S03    3    AS    AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT    16-Apr-09    1    KULENDRA DAULAGUPU    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    BIREN SINGH ENGTI    M    64    Indian National Congress
3    HIDDHINATH RONGPI    M    45    Nationalist Congress Party
4    ELWIN TERON    M    48    Autonomous State Demand Committee
5    DR. JAYANTA RONGPI    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
6    KABON TIMUNGPI    F    56    Independent
S04    17    BR    GOPALGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    ANIL KUMAR    M    41    Rashtriya Janata Dal
2    JANAK RAM    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    PURNMASI RAM    M    52    Janata Dal (United)
4    RAMAI RAM    M    66    Indian National Congress
5    MADHU BHARTI    F    39    Loktantrik Samata Dal
6    RAM KUMAR MANJHI    M    30    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
7    RAMASHANKAR RAM    M    43    Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha
8    SATYADEO RAM    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
9    ASHA DEVI    F    46    Independent
10    DINANATH MANJHI    M    31    Independent
11    DHARMENDRA KUMAR HAZRA    M    41    Independent
12    BANITHA BAITHA    F    25    Independent
13    RAJESH KUMAR RAM    M    28    Independent
14    RAM SURAT RAM    M    42    Independent
15    SHAMBHU DOM    M    41    Independent
16    SURENDRA PASWAN    M    28    Independent
S04    18    BR    SIWAN    16-Apr-09    1    PARASH NATH PATHAK    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    BRISHIN PATEL    M    60    Janata Dal (United)
3    VIJAY SHANKER DUBEY    M    60    Indian National Congress
4    HENA SHAHAB    F    36    Rashtriya Janata Dal
5    AMAR NATH YADAV    M    44    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
6    ASWANI KR. VERMA    M    28    Indian Justice Party
7    MADHURI PANDAY    F    35    Samajik Jantantrik Party
8    LAL BABU TIWARI    M    55    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
9    UMESH TIWARY    M    30    Independent
10    OM PRAKASH YADAV    M    43    Independent
11    NIDHI KIRTI    F    26    Independent
12    PRABHU NATH MALI    M    26    Independent
13    DR. MUNESHWAR PRASAD    M    68    Independent
14    RAJENDRA KUMAR    M    36    Independent
15    SHAMBHU NATH PRASAD    M    60    Independent
S04    19    BR    MAHARAJGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    UMA SHANAKER SINGH    M    61    Rashtriya Janata Dal
2    TARKESHWAR SINGH    M    51    Indian National Congress
3    PRABHU NATH SINGH    M    56    Janata Dal (United)
4    RAVINDRA NATH MISHRA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    RAMESH SINGH KUSHWAHA    M    59    Loktantrik Samata Dal
6    SATYENDRA KR. SAHANI    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
7    GAUTAM PRASAD    M    30    Independent
8    DHURENDRA RAM    M    47    Independent
9    NAYAN PRASAD    M    53    Independent
10    PRADEEP MANJHI    M    32    Independent
11    BANKE BIHARI SINGH    M    25    Independent
12    RAJESH KUMAR SINGH    M    26    Independent
13    BREENDA PATHAK    M    63    Independent
S04    20    BR    SARAN    16-Apr-09    1    RAJIV PRATAP RUDY    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    LALU PRASAD    M    60    Rashtriya Janata Dal
3    SALIM PERWEZ    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SANTOSH PATEL    M    39    Loktantrik Samata Dal
5    SOHEL AKHATAR    M    33    Bharatiya Momin Front
6    KUMAR BALRAM SINGH    M    56    Independent
7    DHUPENDRA SINGH    M    33    Independent
8    RAJKUMAR RAI    M    33    Independent
9    RAJAN HRISHIKESH CHANDRA    M    25    Independent
10    RAJARAM SAHANI    M    49    Independent
11    LAL BABU RAY    M    46    Independent
12    SHEO DAS SINGH    M    74    Independent
S04    32    BR    ARRAH    16-Apr-09    1    MEENA SINGH    F    44    Janata Dal (United)
2    RAMA KISHORE SINGH    M    46    Lok Jan Shakti Party
3    REETA SINGH    F    40    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    HARIDWAR PRASAD SINGH    M    64    Indian National Congress
5    AJIT PRASAD MEHTA    M    43    Jawan Kisan Morcha
6    ARUN SINGH    M    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
7    BHARAT BHUSAN PANDEY    M    35    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
8    RAMADHAR SINGH    M    48    Shivsena
9    SAMBHU PRASAD SHARMA    M    57    All India Forward Bloc
10    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
11    SATYA NARAYAN YADAV    M    67    Rashtra Sewa Dal
12    SAIYAD GANIUDDIN HAIDER    M    42    Ambedkar National Congress
13    ASHOK KUMAR SINGH    M    38    Independent
14    BHARAT SINGH SAHYOGI    M    45    Independent
15    MAHESH RAM    M    45    Independent
16    SOBH NATH SINGH    M    39    Independent
S04    33    BR    BUXAR    16-Apr-09    1    KAMLA KANT TIWARY    M    67    Indian National Congress
2    JAGADA NAND SINGH    M    65    Rashtriya Janata Dal
3    LAL MUNI CHOUBEY    M    71    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    SHYAM LAL SINGH KUSHWAHA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    MOKARRAM HUSSAIN    M    57    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
6    MOHAN SAH    M    33    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal
7    RAJENDRA SINGH MAURYA    M    32    Loktantrik Samata Dal
8    DR. VIJENDRA NATH UPADHYAY    M    37    Shivsena
9    SHYAM BIHARI BIND    M    46    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
10    SATYENDRA OJHA    M    27    Apna Dal
11    SUDAMA PRASAD    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
12    SURESH WADEKAR    M    38    Republican Party of India
13    KAMLESH CHOUDHARY    M    35    Independent
14    JAI SINGH YADAV    M    34    Independent
15    DADAN SINGH    M    45    Independent
16    PRATIBHA DEVI    F    40    Independent
17    PHULAN PANDIT    M    44    Independent
18    RAJENDRA PASWAN    M    33    Independent
19    LALLAN RUPNARAIN PATHAK    M    65    Independent
20    SHIV CHARAN YADAV    M    55    Independent
21    SUNIL KUMAR DUBEY    M    32    Independent
22    SURENDRA KUMAR BHARTI    M    38    Independent
S04    34    BR    SASARAM    16-Apr-09    1    GANDHI AZAD    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    MEIRA KUMAR    F    63    Indian National Congress
3    MUNI LAL    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    LALAN PASWAN    M    45    Rashtriya Janata Dal
5    DUKHI RAM    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
6    BABBAN CHAUDHARY    M    39    Loktantrik Samata Dal
7    BALIRAM RAM    M    43    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party
8    BHOLA PRASAD    M    38    Indian Justice Party
9    RADHA DEBI    F    28    Apna Dal
10    RAM NAGINA RAM    M    41    Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party
11    RAM YADI RAM    M    72    Republican Party of India
12    PRAMOD KUMAR    M    26    Independent
13    BHARAT RAM    M    33    Independent
14    MUNIYA DEBI    F    41    Independent
15    RAM PRAVESH RAM    M    47    Independent
16    SURENDRA RAM    M    39    Independent
S04    35    BR    KARAKAT    16-Apr-09    1    AWADHESH KUMAR SINGH    M    53    Indian National Congress
2    UPENDRA KUMAR SHARMA    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    KANTI SINGH    F    54    Rashtriya Janata Dal
4    MAHABALI SINGH    M    54    Janata Dal (United)
5    AJAY KUMAR    M    32    Republican Party of India (A)
6    JYOTI RASHMI    F    30    Rashtra Sewa Dal
7    MUDREEKA YADAV    M    59    Apna Dal
8    RAJ KISHOR MISRA    M    30    Alpjan Samaj Party
9    RAJA RAM SINGH    M    53    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
10    MD.SHAMIULLAH MANSOORI    M    62    Shoshit Samaj Dal
11    ER.ABDUL SATAR    M    62    Independent
12    AMAVAS RAM    M    50    Independent
13    PRO. KAMTA PRASAD YADAV    M    46    Independent
14    GIRISH NARAYAN SINGH    M    48    Independent
15    SATISH PANDEY    M    27    Independent
16    HARI PRASAD SINGH    M    63    Independent
S04    36    BR    JAHANABAD    16-Apr-09    1    DR. ARUN KUMAR    M    49    Indian National Congress
2    JAGDISH SHARMA    M    58    Janata Dal (United)
3    RAMADHAR SHARMA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SURENDRA PRASAD YADAV    M    51    Rashtriya Janata Dal
5    AYASHA KHATUN    F    28    Loktantrik Samata Dal
6    PROF. JAI RAM PRASAD SINGH    M    70    Shoshit Samaj Dal
7    TARA GUPTA    F    62    Rashtriya Pragati Party
8    MAHANAND PRASAD    M    41    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
9    RAMASRAY PRASAD SINGH    M    83    Rashtriya Lok Dal
10    MD. SAHABUDDIN JAHAN    M    36    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party
11    SHRAVAN KUMAR    M    32    Lal Morcha
12    SADHU SINHA    M    68    All India Forward Bloc
13    SYED AKBAR IMAM    M    49    Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena
14    AJAY KUMAR VERMA    M    41    Independent
15    ABHAY KUMAR ANIL    M    41    Independent
16    DR. ARBIND KUMAR    M    52    Independent
17    ARVIND PRASAD SINGH    M    43    Independent
18    UPENDRA PRASAD    M    31    Independent
19    JAGDISH YADAV    M    40    Independent
20    PRIKSHIT SINGH    M    36    Independent
21    PRABHAT KUMAR RANJAN    M    32    Independent
22    RANJIT SHARMA    M    28    Independent
23    RAKESHWAR KISHOR    M    35    Independent
24    SIYA RAM PRASAD    M    40    Independent
25    SUMIRAK SINGH    M    50    Independent
S04    37    BR    AURANGABAD    16-Apr-09    1    ARCHANA CHANDRA    F    32    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    NIKHIL KUMAR    M    67    Indian National Congress
3    SHAKIL AHMAD KHAN    M    61    Rashtriya Janata Dal
4    SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH    M    43    Janata Dal (United)
5    ANIL KUMAR SINGH    M    36    Rashtra Sewa Dal
6    AMERIKA MAHTO    M    48    Shoshit Samaj Dal
7    RAM KUMAR MEHTA    M    37    Loktantrik Samata Dal
8    VIJAY PASWAN    M    48    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party
9    ASLAM ANSARI    M    38    Independent
10    INDRA DEO RAM    M    58    Independent
11    UDAY PASWAN    M    41    Independent
12    PUNA DAS    M    34    Independent
13    RANJEET KUMAR    M    48    Independent
14    RAJENDRA YADAV    M    42    Independent
15    RAMSWARUP PRASAD YADAV    M    72    Independent
16    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    40    Independent
S04    38    BR    GAYA    16-Apr-09    1    KALAWATI DEVI    F    27    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    RAMJI MANJHI    M    49    Rashtriya Janata Dal
3    SANJIV PRASAD TONI    M    52    Indian National Congress
4    HARI MANJHI    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    DILIP PASWAN    M    41    Navbharat Nirman Party
6    NIRANJAN KUMAR    M    35    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
7    RAJESH KUMAR    M    27    Loktantrik Samata Dal
8    RAMDEV ARYA PAAN    M    67    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
9    AMAR NATH PRASAD    M    35    Independent
10    KRISHNA CHOUDHARY    M    26    Independent
11    KAIL DAS    M    66    Independent
12    DIPAK PASWAN    M    27    Independent
13    RAM KISHORE PASWAN    M    36    Independent
14    RAMU PASWAN    M    29    Independent
15    SHIV SHANKAR KUMAR    M    33    Independent
16    SHYAM LAL MANJHI    M    50    Independent
S04    39    BR    NAWADA    16-Apr-09    1    GANESH SHANKAR VIDYARTHI    M    85    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    BHOLA SINGH    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    MASIH UDDIN    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    VEENA DEVI    F    36    Lok Jan Shakti Party
5    SUNILA DEVI    F    38    Indian National Congress
6    UMAKANT RAHI    M    37    Shoshit Samaj Dal
7    KAILASH PAL    M    48    Bharatiya Sarvodaya Kranti Party
8    VIDHYAPATI SINGH    M    46    Loktantrik Samata Dal
9    SURENDRA KUMAR CHAUDHARY    M    45    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
10    AKHILESH SINGH    M    38    Independent
11    ANIL MEHTA    M    36    Independent
12    KAUSHAL YADAV    M    39    Independent
13    CHANCHALA DEVI    F    33    Independent
14    DURGA PRASAD DHAR    M    29    Independent
15    NAVIN KUMAR VERMA    M    38    Independent
16    RAJ KISHOR RAJ    M    43    Independent
17    RAJ BALLABH PRASAD    M    46    Independent
18    RAJENDRA VISHAL    M    44    Independent
19    RAJENDRA SINGH    M    60    Independent
20    SHAMBHU PRASAD    M    41    Independent
21    SUNIL KUMAR    M    28    Independent
S04    40    BR    JAMUI    16-Apr-09    1    ASHOK CHOUDHARY    M    42    Indian National Congress
2    GAJADHAR RAJAK    M    63    Communist Party of India
3    BHAGWAN DAS    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    BHUDEO CHOUDHARY    M    46    Janata Dal (United)
5    SHYAM RAJAK    M    56    Rashtriya Janata Dal
6    ARJUN MANJHI    M    45    Jago Party
7    UPENDRA RAVIDAS    M    30    Samata Party
8    OM PRAKASH PASWAN    M    62    Loktantrik Samata Dal
9    GULAB CHANDRA PASWAN    M    58    Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party
10    NUNDEO MANJHI    M    54    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
11    PRASADI PASWAN    M    37    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
12    SUBHASH PASWAN    M    36    Samajtantric Party of India
13    KAPILDEO DAS    M    55    Independent
14    JAY SEKHAR MANJHI    M    48    Independent
15    PAPPU RAJAK    M    40    Independent
16    YOGENDRA PASWAN    M    37    Independent
17    VIJAY PASWAN    M    29    Independent
18    BILAKSHAN RAVIDAS    M    51    Independent
19    SARYUG PASWAN    M    65    Independent
S09    6    JK    JAMMU    16-Apr-09    1    S.TARLOK SINGH    M    59    Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
2    HUSSAIN ALI    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    LILA KARAN SHARMA    M    68    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    MADAN LAL SHARMA    M    56    Indian National Congress
5    UDAY CHAND    M    55    Duggar Pradesh Party
6    SURJIT SINGH ‘G’ SITARA    M    58    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
7    SANT RAM    M    73    Bharatiya Bahujan Party
8    SANJEEV KUMAR MANMOTRA    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party
9    QARI ZAHIR ABBAS BHATTI    M    39    All India Forward Bloc
10    ABDUL MAJEED MALIK    M    37    Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K
11    ASHOK KUMAR    M    45    Independent
12    BALWAN SINGH    M    35    Independent
13    PARAS RAM POONCHI    M    56    Independent
14    RAMESH CHANDER SHARMA    M    36    Independent
15    SATISH POONCHI    M    60    Independent
16    SANJAY KUMAR    M    39    Independent
17    SHAKEELA BANO    F    32    Independent
18    LABHA RAM GANDHI    M    46    Independent
19    CH. MUSHTAQ HUSSAIN CHOUHAN    M    38    Independent
20    NARESH DOGRA    M    40    Independent
21    HILAL AHMED BAIG    M    29    Independent
S11    1    KL    KASARAGOD    16-Apr-09    1    P KARUNAKARAN    M    64    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    K.H.MADHAVI    F    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SHAHIDA KAMAL    F    40    Indian National Congress
4    K. SURENDRAN    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    ABBAS MUTHALAPPARA    M    47    Independent
6    MOHAN NAYAK    M    73    Independent
7    P.K. RAMAN    M    48    Independent
S11    2    KL    KANNUR    16-Apr-09    1    P.P KARUNAKARAN MASTER    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    K.K BALAKRISHNAN NAMBIAR    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    K.K RAGESH    M    38    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4    K. SUDHAKARAN    M    60    Indian National Congress
5    P.I. CHANDRASEKHARAN    M    53    The Humanist Party of India
6    JOHNSON ALIAS SUNNY AMBATT    M    48    Independent
7    K. RAGESH S/O. JANARDHANAN    M    33    Independent
8    PATTATHIL RAGHAVAN    M    82    Independent
9    K. SUDHAKARAN KAVINTE ARIKATH    M    39    Independent
S11    3    KL    VADAKARA    16-Apr-09    1    ADV.K. NOORUDHEEN MUSALIAR    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    MULLAPPALLY RAMACHANDRAN    M    64    Indian National Congress
3    K.P SREESAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    ADV. P. SATHEEDEVI    F    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5    T.P CHANDRASEKHARAN    M    47    Independent
6    NAROTH RAMACHANDRAN    M    58    Independent
7    P.SATHIDEVI PALLIKKAL    F    36    Independent
8    SATHEEDEVI    F    42    Independent
S11    4    KL    WAYANAD    16-Apr-09    1    K. MURALEEDHARAN    M    51    Nationalist Congress Party
2    RAJEEV JOSEPH    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    C. VASUDEVAN MASTER    M    65    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    M.I. SHANAVAS    M    57    Indian National Congress
5    ADVOCATE. M. RAHMATHULLA    M    48    Communist Party of India
6    KALLANGODAN ABDUL LATHEEF    M    46    Independent
7    CLETUS    M    52    Independent
8    DR. NALLA THAMPY THERA    M    75    Independent
9    ADVOCATE. SHANAVAS MALAPPURAM    M    36    Independent
10    SHANAVAS MANAKULANGARA PARAMBIL    M    29    Independent
11    SUNNY PONNAMATTOM    M    58    Independent
12    M.P. RAHMATH    M    30    Independent
13    RAHMATHULLA POOLADAN    M    36    Independent
S11    5    KL    KOZHIKODE    16-Apr-09    1    A.K. ABDUL NASAR    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    ADV. P.A. MOHAMED RIYAS    M    33    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
3    V. MURALEEDHARAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    M.K. RAGHAVAN    M    57    Indian National Congress
5    ADV. P. KUMARANKUTTY    M    64    Independent
6    K. MUHAMMED RIYAS    M    27    Independent
7    P. MUHAMMED RIYAS    M    28    Independent
8    P.A. MOHAMMED RIYAS    M    37    Independent
9    MUDOOR MUHAMMED HAJI    M    44    Independent
10    K. RAGHAVAN    M    44    Independent
11    P. RAMACHANDRAN NAIR    M    63    Independent
12    M. RAGHAVAN    M    65    Independent
13    VINOD K.    M    33    Independent
14    ADV. SABI JOSEPH    M    60    Independent
15    DR. D.SURENDRANATH    M    60    Independent
16    RIYAS    M    31    Independent
S11    6    KL    MALAPPURAM    16-Apr-09    1    ADV.E.A. ABOOBACKER    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    ADV. N. ARAVINDAN    M    43    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    E. AHAMED    M    70    Muslim League Kerala State Committee
4    T.K. HAMSA    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
S11    7    KL    PONNANI    16-Apr-09    1    K. JANACHANDRAN MASTER    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    P.K. MUHAMMED    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    E.T. MUHAMMED BASHEER    M    62    Muslim League Kerala State Committee
4    ABDUREHMAN    M    32    Independent
5    DR. AZAD    M    45    Independent
6    PULLANI GOVINDAN    M    64    Independent
7    DR. HUSSAIN RANTATHANI    M    51    Independent
8    HUSSAIN EDAYATH    M    29    Independent
9    HUSSAIN KADAIKKAL    M    37    Independent
10    HUSSAIN PERICHAYIL    M    42    Independent
11    HUSSAIN    M    29    Independent
12    DR. HUSSAIN    M    40    Independent
13    K. SADANANDAN    M    62    Independent
S11    8    KL    PALAKKAD    16-Apr-09    1    ABDUL RAZAK MOULAVI    M    47    Nationalist Congress Party
2    CHANDRAN. V    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    C.K. PADMANABHAN    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    M.B. RAJESH    M    34    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5    SATHEESAN PACHENI    M    41    Indian National Congress
6    A. AROKIASAMY    M    61    Independent
7    M.R. MURALI    M    43    Independent
8    N.V. RAJESH    M    35    Independent
9    VIJAYAN AMBALAKKAD    M    42    Independent
10    SATHEESAN. E.V    M    37    Independent
S11    9    KL    ALATHUR    16-Apr-09    1    P.K BIJU    M    34    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    M. BINDU TEACHER    F    35    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    DR. G SUDEVAN    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    N.K SUDHEER    M    44    Indian National Congress
5    K. GOPALAKRISHNAN    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
6    BIJU K.K    M    38    Independent
7    P.C BIJU    M    36    Independent
8    C.K RAMAKRISHNAN    M    43    Independent
9    K.K SUDHIR    M    44    Independent
S11    10    KL    THRISSUR    16-Apr-09    1    P C CHACKO    M    62    Indian National Congress
2    C N JAYADEVAN    M    58    Communist Party of India
3    ADV. JOSHY THARAKAN    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    REMA REGUNANDAN    F    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    AJAYAN KUTTIKAT    M    36    Janata Dal (United)
6    K ARUN KUMAR    M    39    Independent
7    KUNJAN PULAYAN    M    52    Independent
8    E A JOSEPH    M    49    Independent
9    N K RAVI    M    46    Independent
10    P C SAJU    M    35    Independent
11    ADV. N HARIHARAN NAIR    M    63    Independent
S11    11    KL    CHALAKUDY    16-Apr-09    1    ADV. U.P JOSEPH    M    45    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    K.P. DHANAPALAN    M    59    Indian National Congress
3    MUTTAM ABDULLA    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    ADV.K.V. SABU    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    HAMSA KALAPARAMBATH    M    47    Lok Jan Shakti Party
6    JOHNNY K CHEEKU    M    47    Independent
7    JOSE MAVELI    M    58    Independent
8    U.P JOSE    M    45    Independent
9    DR. P.S. BABU    M    42    Independent
10    T.S NARAYANAN MASTER    M    67    Independent
11    C.A. HASEENA    F    36    Independent
S11    12    KL    ERNAKULAM    16-Apr-09    1    PROF. K V THOMAS    M    61    Indian National Congress
2    A.N. RADHAKRISHNAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    SHERIF MOHAMMED    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SINDHU JOY    F    32    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5    SAJU THOMAS    M    43    Lok Jan Shakti Party
6    MARY FRANCIS MOOLAMPILLY    F    59    Independent
7    VISWAMBARAN    M    59    Independent
8    SAJI THURUTHIKUNNEL    M    37    Independent
9    SINDHU K.S    F    36    Independent
10    SINDHU JAYAN    F    38    Independent
S11    13    KL    IDUKKI    16-Apr-09    1    ADV. P.T THOMAS    M    59    Indian National Congress
2    ADV. K. FRANCIS GEORGE    M    54    Kerala Congress
3    ADV. BIJU M JOHN    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SREENAGARI RAJAN    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    VASUDEVAN    M    39    Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katch
6    ADV. CHITTOOR RAJAMANNAR    M    50    Independent
7    JOSE KUTTIYANY    M    69    Independent
8    KANCHIYAR PEETHAMBARAN    M    45    Independent
9    BABY    M    51    Independent
10    M A SOOSAI    M    45    Independent
S11    14    KL    KOTTAYAM    16-Apr-09    1    JOSE K.MANI    M    44    Kerala Congress (M)
2    ADV. NARAYANAN NAMBOOTHIRI    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    ADV. SURESH KURUP    M    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4    SPENCER MARKS    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    ADV. JAIMON THANKACHAN    M    39    Samajwadi Jan Parishad
6    ANTO P JOHN    M    41    Independent
7    JUNO JOHN BABY    M    34    Independent
8    JOSE    M    45    Independent
9    JOSE MATHEW    M    32    Independent
10    JOSE K. MANI    M    32    Independent
11    BABU    M    41    Independent
12    K.T MATHEW    M    50    Independent
13    MINI K PHILIP    F    41    Independent
14    M.S RAVEENDRAN    M    49    Independent
15    K. RAJAPPAN    M    57    Independent
16    SASIKUTTAN VAKATHANAM    M    53    Independent
17    SURESH N.B KURUP    M    26    Independent
18    SURESHKUMAR K    M    33    Independent
19    SURESHKUMAR T.R    M    36    Independent
20    SURESH KURUMBAN    M    36    Independent
S11    15    KL    ALAPPUZHA    16-Apr-09    1    DR. K.S MANOJ    M    43    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    K.C VENUGOPAL    M    46    Indian National Congress
3    K.S PRASAD    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    P.J KURIAN    M    63    Janata Dal (United)
5    S. SEETHILAL    M    45    Independent
6    SONY J. KALYANKUMAR    M    51    Independent
S11    16    KL    MAVELIKKARA    16-Apr-09    1    R.S ANIL    M    34    Communist Party of India
2    KODIKKUNNIL SURESH    M    46    Indian National Congress
3    DR. N.D MOHAN    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    P.M VELAYUDHAN    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    ANIL KUMAR    M    26    Independent
6    K.S SASIKALA    F    40    Independent
7    SOORANAD SUKUMARAN    M    60    Independent
S11    17    KL    PATHANAMTHITTA    16-Apr-09    1    ANANTHA GOPAN    M    61    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    ANTO ANTONY    M    52    Indian National Congress
3    KARUNAKARAN NAIR    M    78    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    MANI C.KAPPEN    M    51    Nationalist Congress Party
5    RADHAKRISHNA MENON    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party
6    KUNJU PILLAI    M    60    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
7    ANTO    M    33    Independent
8    JYOTHISH M.R    M    37    Independent
9    THAMBI    M    40    Independent
10    NIRANAM RAJAN    M    47    Independent
11    PUSHPANGADAN    M    40    Independent
12    MATHEW PAREY    M    26    Independent
S11    18    KL    KOLLAM    16-Apr-09    1    ADVT. K M JAYANANDAN    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    N.PEETHAMBARAKURUP    M    66    Indian National Congress
3    VAYAKKAL MADHU    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    P.RAJENDRAN    M    58    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5    ADV.ANU SASI    M    28    Independent
6    KRISHNAMMAL    F    59    Independent
7    K A JOHN    M    55    Independent
8    N.PEETHAMBARAKURUP    M    61    Independent
9    S.PRADEEP KUMAR    M    30    Independent
10    S.RADHAKRISHNAN    M    47    Independent
11    R.ZAKIEER HUSSAIN    M    37    Independent
S11    19    KL    ATTINGAL    16-Apr-09    1    PROF.G BALACHANDRAN    M    63    Indian National Congress
2    THOTTAKKADU SASI    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    ADV. A SAMPATH    M    46    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4    J SUDHAKARAN    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    SREENATH    M    53    Shivsena
6    JAYAKUMAR    M    56    Independent
7    BALACHANDRAN    M    51    Independent
8    BALACHNDRAN C P    M    59    Independent
9    MURALI KUMAR    M    43    Independent
10    J VIJAYAKUMAR    M    49    Independent
11    VIVEKANANDAN    M    59    Independent
12    SHAMSUDEEN    M    56    Independent
13    SAJIMON    M    25    Independent
14    SAIFUDEEN M    M    55    Independent
S11    20    KL    THIRUVANANTHAPURAM    16-Apr-09    1    P K KRISHNA DAS    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    M.P.GANGADHARAN    M    74    Nationalist Congress Party
3    DR.A NEELALOHITHADASAN NADAR    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    ADV. P RAMACHANDRAN NAIR    M    57    Communist Party of India
5    SHASHI THAROOR    M    53    Indian National Congress
6    AJITHKUMAR.K    M    41    All India Trinamool Congress
7    JAIN WILSON    M    41    Bahujan Shakty
8    G ASHOKAN    M    47    Independent
9    T.GEORGE    M    40    Independent
10    DILEEP    M    28    Independent
11    U.NAHURMIRAN PEERU MOHAMMED    M    49    Independent
12    PRATHAPAN    M    54    Independent
13    MOHANAN JOSHWA    M    49    Independent
14    SASI – JANAKI SADAN    M    39    Independent
15    SASI – KALAPURAKKAL    M    51    Independent
16    SHAJAR KHAN    M    38    Independent
S13    5    MH    BULDHANA    16-Apr-09    1    JADHAV PRATAPRAO GANPATRAO    M    49    Shivsena
2    DANDGE VASANTRAO SUGDEO    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SHINGNE DR.RAJENDRA BHASKARRAO    M    48    Nationalist Congress Party
4    AMARDEEP BALASAHEB DESHMUKH    M    27    Krantisena Maharashtra
5    QURRASHI SK.SIKANDAR SK. SHAUKAT    M    33    Democratic Secular Party
6    GAJANAN RAJARAM SIRSAT    M    27    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
7    DHOKNE RAVINDRA TULSHRAMJI    M    44    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
8    FERAN CHADRAHAS JAGDEO    M    54    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
9    GANESH ARJUN ZORE    M    25    Independent
10    TAYDE VITTHAL PANDHARI    M    56    Independent
11    DEVIDAS PIRAJI SARKATE    M    35    Independent
12    SY. BILAL SY. USMAN    M    38    Independent
13    BHARAT PUNJAJI SHINGANE    M    40    Independent
14    RAJESH NIKANTHRAO TATHE    M    52    Independent
15    RATHOD CHHAGAN BABULAL    M    29    Independent
S13    6    MH    AKOLA    16-Apr-09    1    DHOTRE SANJAY SHAMRAO    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    BABASAHEB DHABEKAR    M    78    Indian National Congress
3    ATIK AHAMAD GU. JILANI    M    34    Democratic Secular Party
4    AMBEDKAR PRAKASH YASHWANT    M    56    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
5    GANESH TULSHIRAM TATHE    M    49    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
6    DIPAK SHRIRAM TIRAKE    M    33    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
7    AJABRAO UTTAMRAO BHONGADE    M    36    Independent
8    THAKURDAS GOVIND CHOUDHARI    M    39    Independent
9    MUJAHID KHAN CHAND KHAN    M    42    Independent
10    RAUT DEVIDAS ANANDRAO    M    45    Independent
11    WASUDEORAO KHADE GURUJI    M    68    Independent
S13    7    MH    AMRAVATI    16-Apr-09    1    ADSUL ANANDRAO VITHOBA    M    61    Shivsena
2    GANGADHAR GADE    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    UGLE SUNIL NAMDEV    M    32    Peoples Republican Party
4    UBALE SHRIKRISHNA CHAMPATRAO    M    62    Ambedkarist Republican Party
5    KESHAV DASHARATH WANKHADE    M    38    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
6    GAWAI RAJENDRA RAMKRUSHNA    M    46    Republican Party of India
7    PRINCIPAL GOPICHAND SURYABHAN MESHRAM    M    52    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)
8    BARSE MANOHAR DAULATRAO    M    53    Indian Union Muslim League
9    SAU MAMATA VINAYAK KANDALKAR    F    31    Assam United Democratic Front
10    DR. HEMANTKUMAR RAMBHAU MAHURE    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
11    AMOL DEVIDASRAO JADHAV    M    25    Independent
12    UMAK SHRIKRUSHNA SHYAMRAO    M    57    Independent
13    BANDU SAMPATRAO SANE (BANDYA L.S.)    M    43    Independent
14    BHAURAO SHRIRAM CHHAPANE    M    38    Independent
15    MITHUN HIRAMAN GAIKWAD    M    51    Independent
16    PROF. MUKUND VITTHALRAO KHAIRE    M    51    Independent
17    DR. RAJIV GULABRAO JAMTHE    M    53    Independent
18    RAJU MAHADEVRAO SONONE    M    38    Independent
19    VISHWANATH GOTUJI JAMNEKAR    M    60    Independent
20    SUDHAKAR VYANKAT RAMTEKE (MAJI SAINIK)    M    25    Independent
21    ADV. SUDHIR HIRAMAN TAYADE    M    42    Independent
22    SUNIL PRABHU RAMTEKE    M    37    Independent
S13    8    MH    WARDHA    16-Apr-09    1    KANGALE BIPIN BABASAHEB    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    DATTA MEGHE    M    72    Indian National Congress
3    SURESH GANPATRAO WAGHMARE    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    DIWATE RAMESH MADHAORAO    M    46    Krantisena Maharashtra
5    NARAYANRAO RAMJI CHIDAM    M    68    Gondvana Gantantra Party
6    DR. NITIN KESHORAO CHAVAN    M    46    Peoples Republican Party
7    PYARE SAHAB SHEIKH KARIM    M    41    Democratic Secular Party
8    BHOSE KAILAS VISHWASRAO    M    36    Gondwana Mukti Sena
9    ADV. SURESH SHINDE    M    42    Indian Justice Party
10    SANGITA SUNIL ALIAS SONU KAMBLE    F    33    Ambedkarist Republican Party
11    ISHWARKUMAR SHANKARRAO GHARPURE    M    50    Independent
12    GUNWANT TUKARAMJI DAWANDE    M    70    Independent
13    JAGANNATH NILKANTHRAO RAUT    M    54    Independent
14    TAGADE VISHWESHWAR AWADHUTRAO    M    47    Independent
15    RAMTEKE PRAKASH BAKARAM    M    60    Independent
16    SARANG PRAKASHRAO YAWALKAR    M    31    Independent
S13    9    MH    RAMTEK    16-Apr-09    1    TUMANE KRUPAL BALAJI    M    43    Shivsena
2    PRAKASHBHAU KISHAN TEMBHURNE    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    WASNIK MUKUL BALKRISHNA    M    49    Indian National Congress
4    KUMBHARE SULEKHA NARAYAN    F    49    Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch
5    DESHPANDE SANJAY SAOJI    M    44    Hindustan Janta Party
6    NAGARKAR PRASHANT HANSRAJ    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
7    NANDKISHOR SADHUJI DONGRE    M    34    Gondvana Gantantra Party
8    BAGDE SUJEET WASUDEORAO    M    43    Janata Dal (Secular)
9    PROF. BORKAR PRADIP DARYAV    M    48    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)
10    MAYATAI CHAWRE (UTWAL)    F    37    Samajwadi Party
11    VISKAS RAJARAM DAMLE    M    41    Republican Party of India (Khobragade)
12    SEEMA JEEVAN RAMTEKE    F    36    Democratic Secular Party
13    SANDIP SHESHRAO GAJBHIYE    M    36    Gondwana Mukti Sena
14    ASHISH ARUN NAGARARE    M    28    Independent
15    KHUSHAL UDARAMJI TUMANE    M    53    Independent
16    DHONE ANIL    M    43    Independent
17    ADV. DUPARE ULHAS SHALIKRAM    M    42    Independent
18    BARWE MADHUKAR DOMAJI    M    43    Independent
19    ADV. YUVRAJ ANANDRAOJI BAGDE    M    34    Independent
20    RURESH MANGALDAS BORKAR    M    33    Independent
S13    10    MH    NAGPUR    16-Apr-09    1    PUROHIT BANWARILAL BHAGWANDAS    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    ENGINEER MANIKRAO VAIDYA    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    MUTTEMWAR VILASRAO BABURAOJI    M    60    Indian National Congress
4    ARUN SHAMRAO JOSHI    M    58    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
5    KUMBHARE SULEKHA NARAYAN    F    49    Bahujan Republican Ekta Manch
6    ADV. GAJANAN SADASHIV KAWALE    M    51    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)
7    DILIP MANGAL MADAVI    M    44    Gondvana Gantantra Party
8    MEHMOOD KHAN RAHEEM KHAN    M    27    Democratic Secular Party
9    DR. YASHWANT MANOHAR    M    66    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
10    RAUT RAMESHCHANDRA    M    56    Prabuddha Republican Party
11    RAJESH SUKHDEV GAIKWAD    M    32    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
12    ADV. VASANTA UMRE    M    50    Democratic Party of India
13    SOMKUWAR VIJAY SITARAM    M    41    Ambedkarist Republican Party
14    AZIZUR REHMAN SHEIKH    M    46    Independent
15    ASHISH ARUN NAGRARE    M    28    Independent
16    ADV. UPASHA BANSI TAYWADE    M    67    Independent
17    JAGDISH RAGHUNATH AMBADE    M    44    Independent
18    PRATIBHA UDAY KHAPARDE    F    35    Independent
19    PREMDAS RAMCHANDRA RAMTEKE    M    48    Independent
20    BARPATRE CHANDRABHAN SOMAJI    M    48    Independent
21    BLASAHEB ALIAS PRAMOD RAMAJI SHAMBHARKAR    M    40    Independent
22    MOHAMAD HABIB REEZAVI    M    50    Independent
23    RAJESHKUMAR MOHANLAL PUGALIA    M    37    Independent
24    RAHUL MADHUKAR DESHMUKH    M    34    Independent
25    VIJAY DEVRAO DHAKATE    M    26    Independent
26    SUNIL GAYAPRASAD MISHRA    M    41    Independent
27    PROF. DNYANESH WAKUDKAR    M    52    Independent
S13    11    MH    BHANDARA – GONDIYA    16-Apr-09    1    GANVIR SHIVKUMAR NAGARCHI    M    56    Communist Party of India
2    JAISWAL VIRENDRAKUMAR KASTURCHAND    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    PATLE SHISHUPAL NATTHUJI    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    PATEL PRAFUL MANOHARBHAI    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party
5    UNDIRWADE HEMANT JAGIVAN    M    45    Prabuddha Republican Party
6    JAMAIWAR SUNIL PARASRAM    M    38    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
7    PATHAN MUSHTAK LATIF    M    32    Democratic Secular Party
8    PRATIBHA VASANT PIMPALKAR    F    38    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
9    WASNIK SUNIL MANIRAM    M    38    Republican Paksha (Khoripa)
10    UKEY CHINDHUJI LAKHAJI    M    50    Independent
11    GAJBHIYE BRAMHASWARUP BABURAO    M    33    Independent
12    GAJBHIYE RAJENDRA MAHADEO    M    35    Independent
13    ADV. DHANANJAY SHAMLALJI RAJABHOJ    M    50    Independent
14    NANABHAU FALGUNRAO PATOLE    M    47    Independent
15    PATLE AKARSING SITARAM    M    36    Independent
16    PROF. DR. BHASKARRAO MAHADEORAO JIBHAKATE    M    63    Independent
17    MIRZA WAHIDBEG AHAMADBEG    M    33    Independent
18    YELE GANESHRAM SUKHRAM    M    54    Independent
19    RAHANGADALE MULCHAND OLGAN    M    56    Independent
20    DR. RAMSAJIVAN KAWDU LILHARE    M    60    Independent
21    SADANAND SHRAWANJI GANVIR    M    40    Independent
S13    12    MH    GADCHIROLI-CHIMUR    16-Apr-09    1    ASHOK MAHADEORAO NETE    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    ATRAM RAJE SATYAWANRAO    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    KOWASE MAROTRAO SAINUJI    M    59    Indian National Congress
4    NAMDEO ANANDRAO KANNAKE    M    50    Communist Party of India
5    PROFFESOR KHANDALE KAWDU TULSHIRAM    M    69    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
6    ADV. DADMAL PRABHAKAR MAHAGUJI    M    54    Peoples Republican Party
7    PENDAM DIWAKAR GULAB    M    38    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
8    PENDAM PURUSHOTTAM ZITUJI    M    35    Democratic Secular Party
9    VIJAY SURAJSING MADAVI    M    39    Gondvana Gantantra Party
10    JAMBHULE NARAYAN DINABAJI    M    54    Independent
11    DINESH TUKARAM MADAVI    M    28    Independent
S13    13    MH    CHANDRAPUR    16-Apr-09    1    AHIR HANSARAJ GANGARAM    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    PUGALIA NARESH    M    60    Indian National Congress
3    ADV. HAZARE DATTABHAU KRUSHNARAO    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    KHARTAD LOMESH MAROTI    M    55    Rashtrawadi Sena
5    KHOBRAGADE DESHAK GIRISHBABU    M    38    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
6    CHATAP WAMAN SADASHIVRAO    M    58    Swatantra Bharat Paksha
7    JAWED ABDUL KURESHI ALIAS PROF. JAWED PASHA    M    47    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
8    JITENDRA ADAKU RAUT    M    32    Akhil Bhartiya Manavata Paksha
9    DANGE NATTHU BHAURAO    M    41    Ambedkarist Republican Party
10    PATHAN A. RAZZAK KHAN HAYAT KHAN    M    44    Samajwadi Party
11    MASRAM NIRANJAN SHIVRAM    M    42    Gondvana Gantantra Party
12    KALE DAMODHAR LAXMAN    M    85    Independent
13    QURESHI IKHALAQ MOHD. YUSUF    M    51    Independent
14    GODE NARAYAN SHAHUJI    M    42    Independent
15    DEKATE BHASKAR PARASHRAM    M    55    Independent
16    MADHUKAR VITTHALRAO NISTANE    M    43    Independent
17    MESHRAM CHARANDAS JANGLUJI    M    65    Independent
18    RAMESH RAGHOBAJI TAJNE    M    45    Independent
19    VINOD DINANATH MESHRAM    M    34    Independent
20    VIRENDRA TARACHANDJI PUGLIA    M    53    Independent
21    SHATRUGHN VYANKATRAO SONPIMPLE    M    37    Independent
22    SANJAY NILKANTH GAWANDE    M    45    Independent
23    HIWARKAR SUDHIR MOTIRAMJI    M    43    Independent
S13    14    MH    YAVATMAL-WASHIM    16-Apr-09    1    YEDATKAR DILIP LAXMANRAO    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    BHAVANA GAWALI (PATIL)    F    36    Shivsena
3    HARISING RATHOD    M    54    Indian National Congress
4    UTTAM BHAGAJI KAMBLE    M    41    Prabuddha Republican Party
5    KURESHI SK. MEHBUB SK.FATTU    M    44    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
6    KWAJA NASIRODDINE KHAN    M    29    Democratic Secular Party
7    GAJANAN KASHIRAM PATIL (HEMBADE)    M    26    Krantisena Maharashtra
8    DHAGE VITTHAL MAHADEV    M    45    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
9    MANIYAR YUNUS MAHMOOD ZAHMI    M    50    Assam United Democratic Front
10    MOHMMAD KHAN AZIZ KHAN    M    43    Samajwadi Party
11    ATHAWALE SADANAND PRALHADRAO    M    39    Independent
12    GAJANAN BURMAL DODWADE    M    36    Independent
13    NETAJI SITARAMJI KINAKE    M    58    Independent
14    NANDKISHOR NARAYANRAO THAKARE    M    34    Independent
15    PAWAR RAMESH GORSING    M    53    Independent
16    PURUSHOTTAM DOMAJI BHAJGAWRE    M    48    Independent
17    MADHUKAR SHIVDASPPA GORATE    M    67    Independent
18    MANOJ JANARDAN PATIL    M    38    Independent
19    MUKHADE SAU. LALITARAI SUBHASHRAO    F    32    Independent
20    MESHRAM BANDU GANPAT    M    40    Independent
21    MOHD. INAMURRAHIM MOHD. MUSA    M    51    Independent
22    RAVINDRA ALIAS RAVIPAL MADHUKARRAO GANDHE    M    32    Independent
23    RAJKUMAR NARAYAN BHUJADALE    M    35    Independent
24    RATHOD DEVISING RAMA    M    56    Independent
25    SD. VHIDODDIN SD. KRIMODDIN    M    44    Independent
26    VISHNU KASINATH TAWKAR    M    47    Independent
27    SURESH BABAN PEDEKAR    M    33    Independent
28    SURESH BHIVA TARAL    M    29    Independent
S13    15    MH    HINGOLI    16-Apr-09    1    DR. B.D. CHAVHAN    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    SUBHASH BAPURAO WANDHEDE    M    46    Shivsena
3    SURYAKANTA JAIWANTRAO PATIL    F    63    Nationalist Congress Party
4    UTTAMRAO DAGADUJI BHAGAT    M    65    Prabuddha Republican Party
5    AJAS NOORMINYA    M    32    Democratic Secular Party
6    NAIK MADHAVRAO BAHENARAO    M    65    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
7    VINAYAK SHRIRAM BHISE    M    27    Krantisena Maharashtra
8    GUNDEKAR SANJAY ADELU    M    35    Independent
9    PATHAN SATTAR KASIMKHAN    M    38    Independent
10    PACHPUTE RAMPRASAD KISHANRAO    M    41    Independent
11    MD. A. MUJIM ANSARI A.    M    33    Independent
S13    16    MH    NANDED    16-Apr-09    1    KHATGAONK PATIL BHASKARRAO BAPURAO    M    65    Indian National Congress
2    MD. MAKBUL SALIM HAJI MD. KHAJA    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SAMBHAJI PAWAR    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    ALTAF AHMAD EAKBAL AHMAD    M    43    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
5    KHADE SANJAY WAMANRAO    M    29    Prabuddha Republican Party
6    TIWARI RAMA BHAGIRAT    F    40    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
7    ADV. C.S. BAHETI    M    56    Janata Party
8    MORE RAJESH EKNATHRAO    M    34    Krantisena Maharashtra
9    A. RAEES A. JABBAR    M    36    Ambedkar National Congress
10    SHINDE PREETI MADHUKAR    F    27    Jan Surajya Shakti
11    SHUDHIR YASHWANT SURVE    M    40    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
12    COM. ASHOK NAGORAO GHAYALE    M    40    Independent
13    ANAND JADHAV HOTALKAR    M    42    Independent
14    KOREWAR BALAJI NARSING    M    38    Independent
15    JADHAV VISHNU MAROTI    M    35    Independent
16    NAVGHARE ANAND PANDURANG    M    48    Independent
17    NARAYAN SURYAVANSHI DOANGONKAR    M    63    Independent
18    PATHAN ZAFAR ALI KHAN MAHEMUD ALI KHAN    M    63    Independent
19    ’AIDS MAN’ PRAKASH TATERAO LANDGE    M    40    Independent
20    BHARANDE RAMCHANDRA GANGARAM    M    31    Independent
21    ADV. RAMRAO PANDURANG WAGHMARE    M    52    Independent
22    HANMANTE VIJAY CHANDRAO    M    35    Independent
S13    17    MH    PARBHANI    16-Apr-09    1    ADV. DUDHGAONKAR GANESHRAO NAGORAO    M    64    Shivsena
2    RAJSHRI BABASAHEB JAMAGE    F    46    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    WARPUDKAR SURESH AMBADASRAO    M    60    Nationalist Congress Party
4    AJIM AHMED KHAN AJIJ KHAN    M    32    Democratic Secular Party
5    ASHOKRAO BABARAO AMBHORE    M    46    Ambedkar National Congress
6    KACHOLE MANAVENDRA SAWALARAM    M    65    Swatantra Bharat Paksha
7    KALE VYANKATRAO BHIMRAO    M    31    Krantisena Maharashtra
8    NAMDEV LIMBAJI KACHAVE    M    68    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
9    BHAND GANGADHAR SAKHARAM    M    70    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
10    MULE BABAN DATTARAO    M    41    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
11    RUMALE TUKARAM DHONDIBA    M    51    Prabuddha Republican Party
12    SAYYAD EKRAMODDIN SAYYAD MUNIRODDIN    M    58    Lok Vikas Party
13    ASAD BIN ABDULLAHA BIN    M    43    Independent
14    JAMEEL AHMED SK. AHMED    M    44    Independent
15    DR. DESHMUKH KISHANRAO JANARDHANRAO (EX-SERVICEMAN)    M    74    Independent
16    RATHOD RAMRAO DHANSING SIR    M    58    Independent
17    SHINDE LAXMAN EKANATH    M    36    Independent
18    SAMAR GORAKHNATH PAWAR    M    41    Independent
19    SALVE SUDHAKAR UMAJI    M    47    Independent
S14    2    MN    OUTER MANIPUR    16-Apr-09    1    THANGSO BAITE    M    56    Indian National Congress
2    D. LOLI ADANEE    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    L.B. SONA    M    58    Nationalist Congress Party
4    M. JAMKHONGAM @ M. YAMKHONGAM HAOKIP    M    49    Rashtriya Janata Dal
5    THANGKHANGIN    M    53    Lok Jan Shakti Party
6    MANI CHARENAMEI    M    50    Peoples Democratic Alliance
7    VALLEY ROSE HUNGYO    F    53    Independent
8    MANGSHI (ROSE MANGSHI HAOKIP)    F    63    Independent
9    LAMLALMOI GANGTE    M    33    Independent
S15    1    ML    SHILLONG    16-Apr-09    1    DALINGTON DYMPEP    M    78    Communist Party of India
2    JOHN FILMORE KHARSHIING    M    46    United Democratic Party
3    VINCENT H PALA    M    41    Indian National Congress
4    P. B. M. BASAIAWMOIT    M    60    Hill State People’s Democratic Party
5    MARTLE N.MUKHIM    M    59    Meghalaya Democratic Party
6    DENIS SIANGSHAI    M    44    Independent
7    TIEROD PASSAH    M    45    Independent
S15    2    ML    TURA    16-Apr-09    1    AGATHA K. SANGMA    F    28    Nationalist Congress Party
2    DEBORA C. MARAK    F    43    Indian National Congress
3    BOSTON MARAK    M    28    A-Chik National Congress(Democratic)
4    ARLENE N. SANGMA    F    53    Independent
S16    1    MZ    MIZORAM    16-Apr-09    1    LALAWMPUIA CHHANGTE    M    42    Nationalist Congress Party
2    C.L.RUALA    M    72    Indian National Congress
3    DR. H. LALLUNGMUANA    M    65    Independent
4    RUALPAWLA    M    54    Independent
S17    1    NL    NAGALAND    16-Apr-09    1    K. ASUNGBA SANGTAM    M    62    Indian National Congress
2    C.M. CHANG    M    65    Nagaland Peoples Front
3    DR. RILANTHUNG ODYUO    M    39    All India Trinamool Congress
S18    1    OR    BARGARH    16-Apr-09    1    RADHARANI PANDA    F    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    SANJAY BHOI    M    35    Indian National Congress
3    SUNIL KUMAR AGRAWAL    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    DR. HAMID HUSSAIN    M    54    Biju Janata Dal
5    NILADRI BEHARI PANDA    M    29    Kosal Kranti Dal
6    SURENDRA KUMAR AGRAWAL    M    37    Independent
S18    2    OR    SUNDARGARH    16-Apr-09    1    JUAL ORAM    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    JEROM DUNGDUNG    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    LIVNUS KINDO    M    64    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
4    SALOMI MINZ    F    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5    HEMANANDA BISWAL    M    67    Indian National Congress
6    RAMA CHANDRA EKKA    M    61    Jharkhand Disom Party
7    SAGAR SING MANKEE    M    60    Kosal Kranti Dal
8    DALESWAR MAJHI    M    58    Independent
9    MANSID EKKA    M    63    Independent
S18    3    OR    SAMBALPUR    16-Apr-09    1    AMARNATH PRADHAN    M    51    Indian National Congress
2    GOBINDA RAM AGARWAL    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    ROHIT PUJARI    M    35    Biju Janata Dal
4    SURENDRA LATH    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    ASHOK KUMAR NAIK    M    53    Kosal Kranti Dal
6    BIJAYA KUMAR MAHANANDA    M    35    Republican Party of India
7    MD. ALI HUSSAIN    M    37    Independent
S18    10    OR    BOLANGIR    16-Apr-09    1    KALIKESH NARAYAN SINGH DEO    M    34    Biju Janata Dal
2    NARASINGHA MISHRA    M    68    Indian National Congress
3    BALHAN SAGAR    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SANGITA KUMARI SINGH DEO    F    47    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    DINGAR KUMBHAR    M    41    Samruddha Odisha
S18    11    OR    KALAHANDI    16-Apr-09    1    NAKULA MAJHI    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    BIKRAM KESHARI DEO    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    BHAKTA CHARAN DAS    M    52    Indian National Congress
4    SUBASH CHANDRA NAYAK    M    62    Biju Janata Dal
5    PARAMESWAR KAND    M    47    Samajwadi Party
6    BALARAM HOTA    M    33    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
7    DAMBARUDHARA SUNANI    M    34    Independent
8    MAHESWAR BHOI    M    36    Independent
S18    12    OR    NABARANGPUR    16-Apr-09    1    CHANDRADHWAJ MAJHI    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    DOMBURU MAJHI    M    68    Biju Janata Dal
3    PARSURAM MAJHI    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    PRADEEP KUMAR MAJHI    M    33    Indian National Congress
S18    13    OR    KANDHAMAL    16-Apr-09    1    ASHOK SAHU    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    PAULA BALIARSING    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    RUDRAMADHAB RAY    M    71    Biju Janata Dal
4    SUZIT KUMAR PADHI    M    49    Indian National Congress
5    NAKUL NAYAK    M    46    Samajwadi Party
6    AJIT KUMAR NAYAK    M    26    Independent
7    KAMALA KANTA PANDEY    M    64    Independent
8    GHORABANA BEHERA    M    42    Independent
9    DEENABANDHU NAIK    M    45    Independent
S18    19    OR    ASKA    16-Apr-09    1    NITYANANDA PRADHAN    M    65    Biju Janata Dal
2    RAMACHANDRA RATH    M    63    Indian National Congress
3    SHANTI DEVI    F    71    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    KRISHNA DALABEHERA    M    43    Kalinga Sena
5    BIJAYA KUMAR MAHAPATRO    M    56    Revolutionary Socialist Party
6    SURJYA NARAYAN SAHU    M    37    Samruddha Odisha
7    KALICHARAN NAYAK    M    53    Independent
8    DEBASIS MISRA    M    48    Independent
9    K. SHYAM BABU SUBUDHI    M    73    Independent
S18    20    OR    BERHAMPUR    16-Apr-09    1    CHANDRA SEKHAR SAHU    M    58    Indian National Congress
2    PABITRA GAMANGO    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    BHARAT PAIK    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    SIDHANT MAHAPATRA    M    42    Biju Janata Dal
5    NIRAKAR BEHERA    M    35    Kalinga Sena
6    ALI RAZA ZIADI    M    30    Independent
7    KISHORE CHANDRA MAHARANA    M    61    Independent
8    A. RAGHUNATH VARMA    M    71    Independent
9    K. SHYAM BABU SUBUDHI    M    73    Independent
S18    21    OR    KORAPUT    16-Apr-09    1    UPENDRA MAJHI    M    29    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    GIRIDHAR GAMANG    M    56    Indian National Congress
3    JAYARAM PANGI    M    53    Biju Janata Dal
4    PAPANNA MUTIKA    M    65    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    KUMUDINI DISARI    F    34    Samruddha Odisha
6    MEGHANADA SABAR    M    40    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
S24    63    UP    MAHARAJGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    AJEET MANI    M    41    Samajwadi Party
2    GANESH SHANKER PANDEY    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    PANKAJ CHAUDHARY    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    HARSH VARDHAN    M    61    Indian National Congress
5    ABDWURRUF ANSARI    M    45    National Lokhind Party
6    PAWAN KUMAR    M    39    Republican Party of India (A)
7    RAM KISHUN NISHAD    M    52    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
8    SATYA NARAYAN URF SATNARAYAN    M    58    Bharatiya Eklavya Party
9    OMPRAKASH CHATURVEDI    M    63    Independent
10    DILIP KUMAR    M    28    Independent
11    RAM NIVAS    M    37    Independent
12    LAL BIHARI    M    42    Independent
13    CHAUDHARY SANJAY SINGH PATEL    M    29    Independent
14    SHYAM SUNDER DAS CHAURASIA    M    28    Independent
15    HANUMAN    M    51    Independent
S24    64    UP    GORAKHPUR    16-Apr-09    1    ADITYANATH    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    MANOJ TIWARI MRIDUL    M    39    Samajwadi Party
3    LALCHAND NISHAD    M    67    Indian National Congress
4    VINAY SHANKAR TIWARI    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    AMAN    M    35    Ambedkar Samaj Party
6    JOKHAN PRASAD    M    46    Eklavya Samaj Party
7    DAYASHANKAR NISHAD    M    38    Apna Dal
8    RAJBAHADUR    M    28    Indian Justice Party
9    RAJMANI    M    46    Bharatiya Eklavya Party
10    RAJESH SAHANI    M    44    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
11    SRINATH    M    29    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
12    AJAY KUMAR    M    40    Independent
13    AWADHESH SINGH    M    32    Independent
14    OMPRAKASH SINGH    M    43    Independent
15    GOVIND    M    43    Independent
16    CHHEDILAL    M    59    Independent
17    NIRANJAN PRASAD    M    35    Independent
18    NEERAJ YADAV    M    31    Independent
19    DR. BRIJESH MANI TRIPATHI    M    44    Independent
20    MANOJ TIWARI    M    30    Independent
21    RAKESH KUMAR    M    38    Independent
22    RAJAN YADAV M.B.A.    M    31    Independent
23    RAMHIT NISHAD    M    53    Independent
24    LAL BAHADUR    M    68    Independent
25    VINOD SHUKLA    M    29    Independent
26    HARISHCHANDRA    M    42    Independent
S24    65    UP    KUSHI NAGAR    16-Apr-09    1    BRAMHA SHANKER    M    56    Samajwadi Party
2    KU. RATANJEET PRATAP NARAYAN SINGH    M    45    Indian National Congress
3    VIJAY DUBEY    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    SWAMI PRASAD MAURYA    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    ANIL    M    43    Republican Party of India (A)
6    KISHOR KUMAR    M    40    Indian Peace Party
7    K KUMAR    M    56    Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal
8    JANGI    M    55    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
9    DHEERAJ SHEKHAR SHRIWASTAWA    M    49    Rashtriya Lokwadi Party
10    BABU LAL    M    40    Bharatiya Republican Paksha
11    MATIULLAH    M    43    National Lokhind Party
12    MADAN LAL    M    46    Maulik Adhikar Party
13    AMEERUDDIN    M    31    Independent
14    JAGDISH    M    57    Independent
15    JAI GOVIND    M    35    Independent
16    DAROGA    M    37    Independent
17    RAMESH    M    35    Independent
18    RAM BRIKSH    M    54    Independent
S24    66    UP    DEORIA    16-Apr-09    1    GORAKH PRASAD JAISWAL    M    72    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    BALESHWAR YADAV    M    55    Indian National Congress
3    MOHAN SINGH    M    58    Samajwadi Party
4    SHRI PRAKASH MANI TRIPATHI    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    GANGA PRASAD KUSHWAHA    M    70    Purvanchal Rajya Banao Dal
6    JAGDISH KUMAR VERMA    M    36    Lokpriya Samaj Party
7    DHARMENDRA KUMAR    M    33    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
8    MOTI LAL KUSHWAHA SHASTRI    M    59    Rashtriya Samanta Dal
9    SAFAYAT ALI    M    51    Peace Party
10    SARITA    F    27    Ambedkar Samaj Party
11    RAM KISHOR YADAV ALIAS VIDHAYAK    M    51    Independent
12    VIJAY JUAATHA    M    42    Independent
S24    67    UP    BANSGAON    16-Apr-09    1    KAMLESH PASWAN    M    33    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    MAHA BEER PRASAD    M    66    Indian National Congress
3    SHARADA DEVI    F    59    Samajwadi Party
4    SHREE NATH JI    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    CHANDRIKA    M    29    Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)
6    RAMA SHANKER    M    37    Peace Party
7    RAM PRAVESH PRASAD    M    37    Eklavya Samaj Party
8    HARILAL    M    32    Bahujan Uday Manch
9    KU. KUNJAWATI    F    36    Independent
10    MANOJ KUMAR    M    29    Independent
11    RADHEYSHYAM    M    35    Independent
12    RAMKAWAL    M    56    Independent
13    RAMSAKAL    M    32    Independent
14    RAMA PASWAN    M    33    Independent
15    VINAI KUMAR    M    33    Independent
S24    68    UP    LALGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    DAROGA PRASAD SAROJ    M    60    Samajwadi Party
2    NEELAM SONKAR    F    33    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    DR. BALIRAM    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    HAREE PRASAD SONKER    M    50    Communist Party of India
5    MANBHAWAN    M    32    Bharatiya Republican Paksha
6    RAM DAYAL ALIAS MOHAN    M    32    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
7    ACHCHHELAL    M    42    Independent
8    URMILA DEVI    F    27    Independent
9    CHANDRA RAM ALIAS CHANDU SAROJ    M    36    Independent
10    DHARMRAJ    M    55    Independent
11    SUKHNAYAN    M    29    Independent
S24    69    UP    AZAMGARH    16-Apr-09    1    AKBAR AHMAD DUMPY    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    ARUN KUMAR SINGH    M    63    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
3    DURGA PRASAD YADAV    M    56    Samajwadi Party
4    RAMAKANT YADAV    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    SANTOSH KUMAR SINGH    M    49    Indian National Congress
6    JAI JAI RAM PRAJAPATI    M    36    Lokpriya Samaj Party
7    RAM BHAROS    M    34    Bahujan Uday Manch
8    VINOD    M    33    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
9    USMANA FARUQEE    F    27    Independent
10    KEDAR NATH GIRI    M    49    Independent
11    KHAIRUL BASHAR    M    56    Independent
12    DR. JAVED AKHTAR    M    54    Independent
13    DAAN BAHADUR YADAV    M    54    Independent
14    YADUNATH    M    31    Independent
15    RAM UJAGIR    M    45    Independent
16    RAM SINGH    M    35    Independent
S24    70    UP    GHOSI    16-Apr-09    1    ATUL KUMAR SINGH ANJAN    M    55    Communist Party of India
2    ARSHAD JAMAL ANSARI    M    43    Samajwadi Party
3    DARA SINGH CHAUHAN    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    RAM IQBAL    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    SUDHA RAI    F    54    Indian National Congress
6    AKHILESH    M    43    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
7    KAILASH YADAV    M    46    Peace Party
8    RAMESH ALIAS RAJU SINGH    M    41    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
9    RAM BADAN KAUL    M    60    Bahujan Shakty
10    LALJI RAJBHAR    M    44    Bharatiya Samaj Dal
11    HARISH CHANDRA    M    62    Rashtriya Jan-vadi Party (Krantikari)
12    ASHOK KUMAR    M    27    Independent
13    ZAKIR HUSSAIN    M    45    Independent
14    PALAKDHARI    M    41    Independent
15    RAKESH    M    34    Independent
16    SUJIT KUMAR    M    34    Independent
S24    71    UP    SALEMPUR    16-Apr-09    1    DR. BHOLA PANDEY    M    55    Indian National Congress
2    RAMASHANKAR RAJBHAR    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    HARIKEWAL    M    71    Samajwadi Party
4    IZHAR    M    48    Peace Party
5    ZUBAIR    M    39    Nelopa(United)
6    JANG BAHADUR    M    50    Bharatiya Samaj Dal
7    FATE BAHADUR    M    35    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
8    RAVISHANKAR SINGH “PAPPU”    M    38    Janata Dal (United)
9    RAMCHARAN    M    72    People’s Democratic Front
10    RAMDAYAL    M    57    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
11    RAMNAWAMI YADAV    M    37    Samajwadi Jan Parishad
12    RAMASHRAY CHAUHAN    M    55    Moderate Party
13    SRIRAM    M    50    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
14    HARISHCHAND    M    48    Eklavya Samaj Party
15    AMEER    M    53    Independent
16    PARASURAM    M    56    Independent
17    FULENDRA    M    40    Independent
18    MAN JI    M    50    Independent
19    MAHESH    M    70    Independent
20    RAJENDRA ALIAS RAJAN    M    33    Independent
21    VINDHACHAL    M    44    Independent
22    SHAILENDRA    M    36    Independent
23    SATISH    M    37    Independent
24    SARVDAMAN    M    26    Independent
25    SANJAY    M    36    Independent
S24    72    UP    BALLIA    16-Apr-09    1    NEERAJ SHEKHAR    M    40    Samajwadi Party
2    MANOJ SINHA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    SANGRAM SINGH YADAV    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    ARVIND KUMAR GOND    M    30    Gondvana Gantantra Party
5    KANHAIYA PRAJAPATI    M    44    Rashtriya Samanta Dal
6    NARAYAN RAJBHAR    M    32    Bharatiya Samaj Dal
7    RAJESH    M    40    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
8    RAMSAKAL    M    48    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
9    ANANT    M    36    Independent
10    GANGADYAL    M    48    Independent
11    DIWAKAR    M    38    Independent
12    RAMJI    M    49    Independent
13    LALBABU    M    36    Independent
14    SHESHNATH    M    40    Independent
15    SHANKER RAM RAWAT    M    43    Independent
16    HARIHAR    M    73    Independent
S24    74    UP    MACHHLISHAHR    16-Apr-09    1    KAMLA KANT GAUTAM (K.K. GAUTAM)    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    TUFANI SAROJ    M    48    Samajwadi Party
3    RAJ BAHADUR    M    66    Indian National Congress
4    VIDYASAGAR SONKER    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    KRISHNA SEWAK SONKER    M    48    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
6    RAM CHARITRA    M    41    Apna Dal
7    VIJAYEE RAM    M    38    Ambedkar Samaj Party
8    SHEOMURAT RAM    M    71    Gondvana Gantantra Party
9    SUKHRAJ DINKAR    M    51    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party
10    SUSHMA    F    29    Rashtriya Agraniye Dal
11    DINESH KUMAR    M    31    Independent
12    BALJIT    M    59    Independent
13    RAM DAWAR GAUTAM    M    41    Independent
14    VINOD KUMAR    M    40    Independent
15    SHYAM BIHARI KANNAUJIYA    M    39    Independent
16    SOHAN    M    46    Independent
S24    75    UP    GHAZIPUR    16-Apr-09    1    AFZAL ANSARI    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    PRABHUNATH    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RADHEY MOHAN SINGH    M    43    Samajwadi Party
4    SURAJ RAM BAGI    M    52    Communist Party of India
5    ISHWARI PRASAD KUSHAWAHA    M    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
6    DINESH    M    42    Rashtriya Samanta Dal
7    NANDLAL    M    67    Ambedkar Samaj Party
8    SHYAM NARAYAN    M    54    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal
9    SATISH SHANKAR JAISAWAL    M    28    National Lokhind Party
10    SARAJU    M    67    Lok Dal
11    SURENDRA    M    43    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
12    ANIL    M    32    Independent
13    ASHOK (DR.ASHOK KUMAR SRIVASTAVA)    M    54    Independent
14    BRAJENDRA NATH URF BIJENDRA    M    66    Independent
15    RAJESH    M    37    Independent
S24    76    UP    CHANDAULI    16-Apr-09    1    KAILASH NATH SINGH YADAV    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    JAWAHAR LAL JAISAWAL    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RAMKISHUN    M    49    Samajwadi Party
4    SHAILENDRA KUMAR    M    40    Indian National Congress
5    CHANDRASHEKHAR    M    34    Republican Party of India
6    JAWAHIR    M    48    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party
7    JOKHU    M    45    Peoples Democratic Forum
8    TULASI    M    42    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
9    RAJNATH    M    35    Bharatiya Republican Paksha
10    RAJESH SINGH    M    27    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
11    RAMAWATAR SHARMA ADVOCATE    M    38    Maulik Adhikar Party
12    RAMSEWAK YADAV    M    46    Rashtriya Lokhit Party
13    LALLAN    M    49    Indian Justice Party
14    SURENDRA PRATAP    M    36    Jai Bharat Samanta Party
15    DEVAROO    M    40    Independent
16    MUNNI LAL    M    66    Independent
17    SURAFARAJ AHMAD    M    29    Independent
18    HARI LAL    M    52    Independent
S24    77    UP    VARANASI    16-Apr-09    1    AJAY RAI    M    36    Samajwadi Party
2    MUKHTAR ANSARI    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    DR. MURLI MANOHAR JOSHI    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    DR. RAJESH KUMAR MISHRA    M    48    Indian National Congress
5    AWADHESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA    M    43    Rashtriya Samanta Dal
6    USHA SINGH    F    45    Rashtriya Agraniye Dal
7    KISHUN LAL    M    59    Indian Justice Party
8    VIJAY PRAKASH JAISWAL    M    43    Apna Dal
9    ER. SHYAM LAL VISHWAKARMA    M    61    Maulik Adhikar Party
10    ANAND KUMAR AMBASTHA    M    36    Independent
11    NARENDRA NATH DUBEY ADIG    M    36    Independent
12    PARVEZ QUADIR KHAN    M    38    Independent
13    PUSHP RAJ SAHU    M    47    Independent
14    RAJESH BHARTI    M    33    Independent
15    SATYA PRAKASH SRIVASTAVA    M    37    Independent
S24    79    UP    MIRZAPUR    16-Apr-09    1    ANIL KUMAR MAURYA    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    ANURAG SINGH    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    BAL KUMAR PATEL    M    48    Samajwadi Party
4    RAMESH DUBEY    M    66    Indian National Congress
5    AJAY SHANKER    M    33    Gondwana Mukti Sena
6    KAILASH    M    48    Bahujan Shakty
7    KHELADI    M    58    Gondvana Gantantra Party
8    JAGDISH    M    49    Apna Dal
9    PREM CHAND    M    45    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party
10    RADHE SHYAM    M    58    Bharatiya Republican Paksha
11    LALJI    M    48    Rashtriya Agraniye Dal
12    LALTI DEVI    F    54    Vikas Party
13    SHANKAR    M    38    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
14    SHYAM LAL    M    41    Eklavya Samaj Party
15    MOHD. SAGIR    M    41    National Loktantrik Party
16    TRILOK NATH VERMA    M    61    Indian Justice Party
17    ANOOP KUMAR    M    34    Independent
18    KRISHNA CHAND    M    40    Independent
19    KRISHNA CHAND SHUKLA    M    40    Independent
20    CHHABEELE    M    41    Independent
21    DANGAR    M    52    Independent
22    DULARI    F    61    Independent
23    MANIK CHAND    M    37    Independent
24    MUNNA LAL    M    34    Independent
25    RAM GOPAL    M    53    Independent
26    RAM RAJ    M    37    Independent
27    HANS KUMAR    M    37    Independent
S24    80    UP    ROBERTSGANJ    16-Apr-09    1    PAKAURI LAL    M    57    Samajwadi Party
2    RAM ADHAR JOSEPH    M    43    Indian National Congress
3    RAM CHANDRA TYAGI    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    RAM SHAKAL    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    GULAB    M    31    Peoples Democratic Forum
6    CHANDRA SHEKHAR    M    34    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
7    MUNNI DEVI    F    42    Rashtriya Samanta Dal
8    RAMESH KUMAR    M    31    Apna Dal
9    SHRAWAN KUMAR    M    41    Rashtrawadi Sena
10    RAMBRIKSHA    M    39    Independent
S26    1    CG    SARGUJA    16-Apr-09    1    DHAN SINGH DHURVE    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    BAL SINGH    M    38    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
3    BHANU PRATAP SINGH    M    42    Indian National Congress
4    MURARILAL SINGH    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    ANOOP MINJ    M    28    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
6    KUMAIT B.D.O.    M    64    Janata Dal (United)
7    BHUPNATH SINGH MARAVI    M    43    Gondvana Gantantra Party
8    RAMDEO LAKRA    M    32    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party
9    RAMNATH CHERWA    M    36    Shoshit Samaj Dal
10    SOMNATH BHAGAT    M    46    Lok Jan Shakti Party
11    AMRIT SINGH MARAVI    M    35    Independent
12    JUGESHWAR    M    29    Independent
13    DHANESHWAR SINGH    M    39    Independent
14    SARJU XESS ORANW    M    43    Independent
15    SUNIL KUMAR SINGH KANHARE    M    27    Independent
16    SURAJ DEO SINGH KHAIRWAR    M    35    Independent
S26    2    CG    RAIGARH    16-Apr-09    1    BAHADUR SINGH RATHIA    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    VISHNU DEO SAI    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    HRIDAYARAM RATHIYA    M    43    Indian National Congress
4    DARSHAN SIDAR    M    32    Gondvana Gantantra Party
5    MEERA DEVI SINGH TIRKEY    F    39    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party
6    SHIRACHAND EKKA    M    29    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
7    AMRIT TIRKEY    M    30    Independent
8    KAMRISH SINGH GOND    M    59    Independent
9    SANJAY TIRKEY    M    29    Independent
10    HALDHAR RAM SIDAR    M    42    Independent
S26    3    CG    JANJGIR-CHAMPA    16-Apr-09    1    SHRIMATI KAMLA DEVI PATLE    F    43    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    DAURAM RATNAKAR    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    DR.SHIVKUMAR DAHARIYA    M    45    Indian National Congress
4    B.R. CHAUHAN    M    59    Republican Party of India (A)
5    NEELKANTH WARE    M    59    Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party
6    PREM SHANKAR MAHILANGE URF PREM INDIA    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party
7    SANJEEV KUMAR KHARE    M    26    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party
8    ANANDRAM GILHARE    M    35    Independent
9    CHAITRAM SURYAVANSHI    M    62    Independent
10    DR.CHHAVILAL RATRE    M    55    Independent
11    MAYARAM NAT    M    50    Independent
12    RAMCHARAN PRADHAN ADHIWAKTA    M    51    Independent
S26    4    CG    KORBA    16-Apr-09    1    KARUNA SHUKLA    F    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    CHARANDAS MAHANT    M    54    Indian National Congress
3    VIJAY LAXMI SHARMA    F    41    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    KEDARNATH RAJWADE    M    28    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
5    CHAITI DEVI MAHANT    F    49    Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party
6    BUDHWAR SINGH UIKEY    M    34    Rashtriya Gondvana Party
7    DR. VIPIN SINHA    M    40    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party
8    SANGEETA NIRMALKAR    F    32    Bharatiya Pichhra Dal
9    HIRASINGH MARKAAM    M    74    Gondvana Gantantra Party
10    GEND DAS MAHANT    M    35    Independent
11    CHARAN DAS    M    25    Independent
12    PAWAN KUMAR    M    38    Independent
13    FULESHWAR PRASAD SURJAIHA    M    75    Independent
14    RAMDAYAL ORAON    M    49    Independent
15    RAMLAKHAN KASHI    M    68    Independent
16    SHAMBHU PRASAD SHARMA ADHIWAKTA    M    62    Independent
17    SATRUPA    F    37    Independent
18    SANTOSH BANJARE    M    25    Independent
S26    5    CG    BILASPUR    16-Apr-09    1    DILIP SINGH JUDEV    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    ADVOCATE T.R.NIRALA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    DR.RENU JOGI    F    56    Indian National Congress
4    UTTAM PRASAD DANSENA    M    27    Sunder Samaj Party
5    DR.GOJU PAUL    M    40    Republican Party of India (A)
6    DR.BALMUKUND SINGH MARAVI    M    41    Gondvana Gantantra Party
7    BALARAM SAHU    M    46    Bharatiya Pichhra Dal
8    MUKESH KUMAR SAHU    M    32    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
9    SAPNA CHAKRABORTY    F    37    Lok Jan Shakti Party
10    ARJUN SHRIVAS GANGUAA    M    63    Independent
11    ANUJ DHRITLAHRE    M    34    Independent
12    ABDUL HAMID SIDDIQUE    M    43    Independent
13    ASHOK SHRIVASTAVA    M    37    Independent
14    UMESH SINGH    M    31    Independent
15    TUKLAL GARG    M    40    Independent
16    DAYA DAS LAHRE    M    65    Independent
17    DR.DAYA RAM DAYAL    M    60    Independent
18    DILIP KUMAR    M    30    Independent
19    DILIP GUPTA    M    38    Independent
20    DILIP SINGH    M    41    Independent
21    MANOJ KUMAR BIRKO    M    34    Independent
22    RAMESH AHUJA    M    43    Independent
23    RAMESH KUMAR LAHARE    M    36    Independent
24    RAJENDRA SAHU    M    29    Independent
25    RAJESH PRATAP    M    32    Independent
26    RAMBILAS SHARMA    M    52    Independent
27    B.P.VISWAKARMA    M    57    Independent
28    SHYAM BIHARI TRIVEDI    M    56    Independent
S26    6    CG    RAJNANDGAON    16-Apr-09    1    DEVWRAT SINGH    M    39    Indian National Congress
2    PRADHUMAN NETAM    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    MADHUSUDAN YADAV    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    GANGARAM NISHAD    M    48    Eklavya Samaj Party
5    NARAD KHOTHALIYA    M    48    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party
6    AJAY JAISWAL    M    35    Independent
7    AJAY PALI    M    32    Independent
8    JALAL MOHAMMAD QURESHI    M    45    Independent
9    DERHARAM LODHI    M    37    Independent
10    DILIP RATHOR SAMPADAK    M    40    Independent
11    BHAG CHAND VAIDHYA    M    48    Independent
12    MADAN YADAV    M    34    Independent
13    MANGAL DAS BANGARE    M    52    Independent
14    D.R.YADAV PRACHARYA    M    66    Independent
S26    7    CG    DURG    16-Apr-09    1    PRADEEP CHOUBEY    M    55    Indian National Congress
2    RAGHUNANDAN SAHU    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SAROJ PANDEY    F    40    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    DEVIDAS KURRE    M    43    Chandigarh Vikas Party
5    DR. PANKAJ GOSOMI (PANDIT)    M    37    Republican Party of India
6    ANAND GAUTAM    M    35    Independent
7    TARACHAND SAHU    M    30    Independent
8    TARACHAND SAHU    M    66    Independent
9    TARACHAND SAHU    M    62    Independent
10    MASOOD KHAN    M    43    Independent
11    RATAN KUMAR KSHETRAPAL    M    61    Independent
12    RAJENDRA KUMAR SAHU    M    38    Independent
13    LAXMAN PRASAD    M    31    Independent
14    GURU DADA LOKESH MAHARAJ    M    56    Independent
15    SHITKARAN MHILWAR    M    40    Independent
S26    8    CG    RAIPUR    16-Apr-09    1    BHUPESH BAGHEL    M    47    Indian National Congress
2    RAMESH BAIS    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    VIDHYADEVI SAHU    F    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    ER. ASHOK TAMRAKAR    M    56    Jai Chhattisgarh Party
5    IMRRAN PASHA    M    33    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party
6    P.R. KHUNTE    M    54    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party
7    MADHUSUDAN MISHRA    M    49    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
8    SHAILENDRA BANJARE (SHAKTIPUTRA)    M    34    Shakti Sena (Bharat Desh)
9    SHANKAR LAL VARANDANI    M    45    Pyramid Party of India
10    HARGUN MEGHWANI    M    56    Akhil Bhartiya Sindhu Samajwadi Party
11    ARUN HARPAL    M    35    Independent
12    JAFAR HUSSAIN, BABABHAI (PURVA MUTVALLI)    M    57    Independent
13    MOH. JILANI ALIAS TANI    M    30    Independent
14    NAND KISHOR DEEP    M    48    Independent
15    NARESH BHISHMDEV DHIDHI    M    31    Independent
16    NAVIN GUPTA    M    35    Independent
17    NARAD NISHAD    M    33    Independent
18    PRAVEEN JAIN    M    44    Independent
19    BHARAT BHUSHAN PANDEY    M    45    Independent
20    MATHURA PRASAD TANDON    M    42    Independent
21    YASHWANT SAHU    M    35    Independent
22    RAJENDRA KUMAR SAHU    M    38    Independent
23    RAJENDRA SINGH THAKUR (ADVOCATE)    M    34    Independent
24    RAMKRISHNA VERMA    M    49    Independent
25    RAMCHARAN YADAV    M    33    Independent
26    SHOBHARAM GILHARE    M    38    Independent
27    SIYARAM DHRITLAHARE    M    34    Independent
28    SMT. SUSIL BAI BANJARE    F    36    Independent
29    SYED RASHID ALI    M    62    Independent
30    SANJAY BAGHEL    M    29    Independent
31    HAIDAR BHATI    M    38    Independent
32    SHRIKANT KASER    M    41    Independent
S26    9    CG    MAHASAMUND    16-Apr-09    1    CHANDULAL SAHU (CHANDU BHAIYA)    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    MOTILAL    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    MOTILAL SAHU    M    44    Indian National Congress
4    DR. ANAND MATAWALE (GURUJI)    M    38    Lok Bharati
5    KIRAN KUMAR DHRUW    M    44    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
6    BAUDDH KUMAR KAUSHIK    M    37    Chhattisgarh Vikas Party
7    DR. LATA MARKAM    F    26    Republican Party of India (A)
8    SHRIDHAR CHANDRAKAR (PATEL)    M    40    Apna Dal
9    KHEDUBHARTI “SATYESH”    M    33    Independent
10    CHAMPA LAL PATEL    M    43    Independent
11    NARENDRA BHISHMDEV DHIDHI    M    34    Independent
12    NARAYANDAS INQALAB GANDHI    M    63    Independent
13    BHARAT DIWAN    M    29    Independent
14    RAMPRASAD CHAUHAN    M    46    Independent
15    SULTANSINGH SATNAM    M    58    Independent
S26    10    CG    BASTAR    16-Apr-09    1    AYTU RAM MANDAVI    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    BALIRAM KASHYAP    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    MANISH KUNJAM    M    42    Communist Party of India
4    SHANKAR SODI    M    44    Indian National Congress
5    CHANDRA SHEKHAR DHRUV (SHEKHAR)    M    42    Independent
6    MAYARAM NETAM ALIAS (FULSING SILADAR)    M    60    Independent
7    SUBHASH CHANDRA MOURYA    M    35    Independent
S26    11    CG    KANKER    16-Apr-09    1    SMT. PHOOLO DEVI NETAM    F    35    Indian National Congress
2    MIRA SALAM    F    32    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SOHAN POTAI    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    JALSINGH SHORI    M    30    Chhattisgarhi Samaj Party
5    N. R. BHUARYA    M    50    Gondwana Mukti Sena
6    BHOM LAL    M    59    Apna Dal
7    MAYARAM NAGWANSHI    M    48    Gondvana Gantantra Party
8    G. R. RANA    M    62    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
9    DEVCHAND MATLAM    M    31    Independent
10    PRAFUL MANDAVI    M    35    Independent
11    MAYARAM NETAM (FULSINGH SILEDAR)    M    60    Independent
S27    4    JH    CHATRA    16-Apr-09    1    ARUN KUMAR YADAV    M    41    Janata Dal (United)
2    DHIRAJ PRASAD SAHU    M    50    Indian National Congress
3    NAGMANI    M    46    Rashtriya Janata Dal
4    SUGAN MAHTO    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    KESHWAR YADAV    M    47    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
6    PARAS NATH MANJHI    M    58    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal
7    K.P. SHARMA    M    62    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
8    SURENDRA YADAV    M    36    Jharkhand Party
9    INDER SINGH NAMDHARI    M    62    Independent
10    DHIRENDRA AGRAWAL    M    53    Independent
11    RATNESH KUMAR GUPTA    M    47    Independent
S27    5    JH    KODARMA    16-Apr-09    1    TILAKDHARI PD. SINGH    M    65    Indian National Congress
2    PRANAV KUMAR VERMA    M    29    Rashtriya Janata Dal
3    LAXAMAN SAWARNKAR    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    BISHNU PRASAD BHAIYA    M    47    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
5    SABHAPATI KUSHWAHA    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party
6    UMESH CHANDRA TRIVEDI    M    41    Jharkhand Party
7    PRAMESHWAR YADAV    M    49    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
8    BABULAL MARANDI    M    51    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
9    RAJKISHOR PRASAD MODI    M    54    Jharkhand Vikas Dal
10    RAJ KUMAR YADAV    M    37    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
11    HADTAL DAS    M    43    Bahujan Shakty
12    ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA    M    35    Independent
13    KAMAL DAS    M    35    Independent
14    CHANDRA DHARI MAHTO    M    28    Independent
15    MANJOOR ALAM ANSARI    M    45    Independent
16    LAXAMAN DAS    M    37    Independent
S27    11    JH    KHUNTI    16-Apr-09    1    KARIYA MUNDA    M    72    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    NEIL TIRKEY    M    55    Indian National Congress
3    MARSHAL BARLA    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    THEODORE KIRO    M    58    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
5    NITIMA BODRA BARI    F    41    Jharkhand Party (Naren)
6    NISHIKANT HORO    M    55    Jharkhand Party
7    ANAND KUJUR    M    27    Independent
8    UMBULAN TOPNO    M    49    Independent
9    KARLUS BHENGRA    M    41    Independent
S27    12    JH    LOHARDAGA    16-Apr-09    1    JOKHAN BHAGAT    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    RAMESHWAR ORAON    M    63    Indian National Congress
3    SUDARSHAN BHAGAT    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    DEOSHARAN BHAGAT    M    45    All Jharkhand Students Union
5    BAHURA EKKA    M    61    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
6    BHUNESHWAR LOHRA    M    42    Lok Jan Vikas Morcha
7    RAMA KHALKHO    F    38    Jharkhand Janadikhar Manch
8    ARJUN BHAGAT    M    60    Independent
9    ETWA ORAON    M    45    Independent
10    GOPAL ORAON    M    56    Independent
11    CHAMRA LINDA    M    39    Independent
12    JAI PRAKASH BHAGAT    M    36    Independent
13    NAWAL KISHOR SINGH    M    51    Independent
14    PADMA BARAIK    F    25    Independent
15    SUKHDEO LOHRA    M    69    Independent
S27    13    JH    PALAMAU    16-Apr-09    1    KAMESHWAR BAITHA    M    56    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
2    GHURAN RAM    M    42    Rashtriya Janata Dal
3    RADHA KRISHNA KISHORE    M    52    Janata Dal (United)
4    HIRA RAM TUPHANI    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    GANESH RAM    M    56    Jharkhand Party
6    JAWAHAR PASWAN    M    48    AJSU Party
7    NANDDEV RAM    M    70    Jharkhand Party (Naren)
8    PARVATI DEVI    F    34    Manav Mukti Morcha
9    PRABHAT KUMAR    M    31    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
10    RAJU GUIDE MAJHI    M    30    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal
11    RAM NARESH RAM    M    36    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal
12    BIRBAL RAM    M    28    Rashtriya Lok Dal
13    SATYENDRA KUMAR PASWAN    M    30    Bharatiya Samta Samaj Party
14    SUSHMA MEHTA    F    31    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
15    JITENDRA RAM    M    31    Independent
16    NARESH KUMAR PASWAN    M    29    Independent
17    BRAJMOHAN RAM    M    48    Independent
18    BHOLA RAM    M    32    Independent
19    MUNESHWAR RAM    M    58    Independent
20    RAM PRASAD RAM    M    58    Independent
21    SUNESHWAR BAITHA    M    54    Independent
S27    14    JH    HAZARIBAGH    16-Apr-09    1    KISHOR KUMAR PANDEY    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    BHUVNESHWAR PRASAD MEHTA    M    64    Communist Party of India
3    YASHWANT SINHA    M    71    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    SHIVLAL MAHTO    M    34    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
5    SAURABH NARAIN SINGH    M    34    Indian National Congress
6    CHANDRA PRAKASH CHOUDHARY    M    40    All Jharkhand Students Union
7    DIGAMBER KU. MEHTA    M    42    Samajwadi Party
8    BRAJ KISHORE JAISWAL    M    67    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
9    DEONATH MAHTO    M    29    Independent
10    MAHENDRA KISHORE MEHTA    M    38    Independent
11    MD. MOINUDDIN AHMED    M    32    Independent
12    LALAN PRASAD    M    34    Independent
13    SNEHLATA DEVI    F    49    Independent
U01    1    AN    ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISLANDS    16-Apr-09    1    SMTI. R. S. UMA BHARATHY    F    44    Nationalist Congress Party
2    SHRI. KULDEEP RAI SHARMA    M    41    Indian National Congress
3    SHRI. P. R. GANESHAN    M    71    Rashtriya Janata Dal
4    SHRI TAPAN KUMAR BEPARI    M    51    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5    SHRI. BISHNU PADA RAY    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
6    SHRI. M. S. MOHAN    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
7    SHRI. N. K. P. NAIR    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
8    SHRI. PRADEEP KUMAR EKKA    M    37    Jharkhand Disom Party
9    SHRI. T. ALI    M    37    Independent
10    DR. THANKACHAN    M    50    Independent
11    SHRI. VAKIATH VALAPPIL KHALID    M    40    Independent
U06    1    LD    LAKSHADWEEP    16-Apr-09    1    MUHAMMED HAMDULLA SAYEED A.B    M    26    Indian National Congress
2    DR. P. POOKUNHIKOYA    M    60    Nationalist Congress Party
3    DR. K P MUTHUKOYA    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    LUKMANUL HAKEEM    M    32    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
S14    1    MN    INNER MANIPUR    22-Apr-09    1    DR. THOKCHOM MEINYA    M    58    Indian National Congress
2    THOUNAOJAM CHAOBA    M    70    Manipur People’s Party
3    MOIRANGTHEM NARA    M    58    Communist Party of India
4    WAHENGBAM NIPAMACHA SINGH    M    78    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    L. KSHETRANI DEVI    F    50    Rashtriya Bahujan Congress Party
6    ABDUL RAHMAN    M    58    Independent
7    NONGMAITHEM HOMENDRO SINGH    M    45    Independent
S01    23    AP    KAKINADA    23-Apr-09    1    DOMMETI SUDHAKAR    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    M.M.PALLAMRAJU    M    46    Indian National Congress
3    BIKKINA VISWESWARA RAO    M    34    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    VASAMSETTY SATYA    M    44    Telugu Desam
5    ALURI VIJAYA LAKSHMI    F    64    Lok Satta Party
6    UDAYA KUMAR KONDEPUDI    M    36    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
7    GALI SATYAVATHI    F    40    Republican Party of India
8    GIDLA SIMHACHALAM    M    50    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
9    CHALAMALASETTY SUNIL    M    39    Praja Rajyam Party
10    NAMALA SATYANARAYANA    M    45    Rajyadhikara Party
11    N.PALLAMRAJU    M    52    Ajeya Bharat Party
12    BUGATHA BANGARRAO    M    48    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
13    AKAY SURYANARAYANA    M    50    Independent
14    CHAGANTI SURYA NARAYANA MURTHY    M    44    Independent
15    DANAM LAZAR BABU    M    42    Independent
16    BADAMPUDI BABURAO    M    51    Independent
S01    24    AP    AMALAPURAM    23-Apr-09    1    KOMMABATTULA UMA MAHESWARA RAO    M    65    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    GEDDAM SAMPADA RAO    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    DOCTOR GEDELA VARALAKSHMI    F    55    Telugu Desam
4    G.V.HARSHA KUMAR    M    50    Indian National Congress
5    AKUMARTHI SURYANARAYANA    M    50    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
6    KIRAN KUMAR BINEPE    M    43    Praja Bharath Party
7    P.V.CHAKRAVARTHI    M    54    Republican Party of India (Khobragade)
8    POTHULA PRAMEELA DEVI    F    55    Praja Rajyam Party
9    BHEEMARAO RAMJI MUTHABATHULA    M    39    Pyramid Party of India
10    MASA RAMADASU    M    46    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
11    YALANGI RAMESH    M    45    Independent
S01    25    AP    RAJAHMUNDRY    23-Apr-09    1    ARUNA KUMAR VUNDAVALLI    M    54    Indian National Congress
2    M. MURALI MOHAN    M    68    Telugu Desam
3    VAJRAPU KOTESWARA RAO    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SOMU VEERRAJU    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    UPPALAPATI VENKATA KRISHNAM RAJU    M    69    Praja Rajyam Party
6    DATLA RAYA JAGAPATHI RAJU    M    50    Pyramid Party of India
7    DR. PALADUGU CHANDRA MOULI    M    69    Lok Satta Party
8    MEDAPATI PAPIREDDY    M    30    Trilinga Praja Pragati Party
9    MEDA SRINIVAS    M    39    Rashtriya Praja Congress (Secular)
10    PARAMATA GANESWARA RAO    M    46    Independent
11    MUSHINI RAMAKRISHNA RAO    M    51    Independent
12    VASAMSETTY NAGESWARA RAO    M    46    Independent
13    SANABOINA SUBHALAKSHMI    F    44    Independent
S01    26    AP    NARSAPURAM    23-Apr-09    1    KALIDINDI VISWANADHA RAJU    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    THOTA SITA RAMA LAKSHMI    F    59    Telugu Desam
3    BAPIRAJU KANUMURU    M    61    Indian National Congress
4    BHUPATHIRAJU SRINIVASA VARMA    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    ALLURI YUGANDHARA RAJU    M    44    Pyramid Party of India
6    GUBBALA TAMMAIAH    M    61    Praja Rajyam Party
7    NAVUNDRU RAJENDRA PRASAD    M    44    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party
8    MANORAMA SANKU    F    62    Lok Satta Party
9    M V R RAJU    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
10    KALIDINDI BHIMARAJU    M    73    Independent
S01    27    AP    ELURU    23-Apr-09    1    KAVURI SAMBASIVA RAO    M    65    Indian National Congress
2    KODURI VENKATA SUBBA RAJU    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    PILLELLLI SUNIL    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    MAGANTI VENKATESWARA RAO(BABU)    M    49    Telugu Desam
5    Y.V.S.V. PRASADA RAO (YERNENI PRASADA RAO)    M    61    Pyramid Party of India
6    KOLUSU PEDA REDDAIAH YADAV    M    67    Praja Rajyam Party
7    SAVANAPUDI NAGARAJU    M    48    Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)
8    SIRIKI SRINIVAS    M    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
9    KASI NAIDU KAMMILI    M    39    Independent
10    TANUKU SEKHAR    M    45    Independent
11    DODDA KAMESWARA RAO    M    54    Independent
12    DOWLURI GOVARDHAN    M    32    Independent
S01    28    AP    MACHILIPATNAM    23-Apr-09    1    KONAKALLA NARAYANA RAO    M    59    Telugu Desam
2    CHIGURUPATI RAMALINGESWARA RAO    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    BADIGA RAMAKRISHNA    M    66    Indian National Congress
4    BHOGADI RAMA DEVI    F    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    KOPPULA VENKATESWARA RAO    M    45    Lok Satta Party
6    CHENNAMSETTI RAMACHANDRAIAH    M    60    Praja Rajyam Party
7    YARLAGADDA RAMAMOHANA RAO    M    44    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party
8    VARA LAKSHMI KONERU    F    59    Pyramid Party of India
9    G.V. NAGESWARA RAO    M    25    Independent
10    YENDURI SUBRAMANYESWA RAO ( MANI )    M    50    Independent
S01    29    AP    VIJAYAWADA    23-Apr-09    1    LAGADAPATI RAJA GOPAL    M    45    Indian National Congress
2    LAKA VENGALA RAO    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    VAMSI MOHAN VALLABHANENI    M    38    Telugu Desam
4    SISTLA NARASIMHA MURTHY    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    DEVINENI KISHORE KUMAR    M    59    Lok Satta Party
6    RAGHAVA RAO JAKKA    M    60    Pyramid Party of India
7    RAJIV CHANUMOLU    M    43    Praja Rajyam Party
8    APPIKATLA JAWAHAR    M    44    Independent
9    KRISHNA MURTHY SUNKARA    M    46    Independent
10    JAKKA TARAKA MALLIKHARJUNA RAO    M    42    Independent
11    DEVERASETTY RAVINDRA BABU    M    35    Independent
12    DEVIREDDY RAVINDRANATHA REDDY    M    36    Independent
13    PERUPOGU VENKATESWARA RAO    M    41    Independent
14    BAIPUDI NAGESWARA RAO    M    30    Independent
15    BOPPA VENKATESWARA RAO    M    42    Independent
16    BOLISETTY HARIBABU    M    46    Independent
17    VEERLA SANJEEVA RAO    M    44    Independent
18    VENKATA RAO P.    M    44    Independent
19    SENAPATHI CHIRANJEEVI    M    36    Independent
20    SHAIK MASTAN    M    28    Independent
S01    30    AP    GUNTUR    23-Apr-09    1    MALLELA BABU RAO    M    61    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    YADLAPATI SWARUPARANI    F    51    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    RAJENDRA MADALA    M    42    Telugu Desam
7    SAMBASIVA RAO RAYAPATI    M    65    Indian National Congress
8    AMANULLA KHAN    M    37    Lok Satta Party
9    KOMMANABOINA LAKSHMAIAH    M    39    Rajyadhikara Party
11    THOTA CHANDRA SEKHAR    M    47    Praja Rajyam Party
12    YARRAKULA TULASI RAM YADAV    M    29    Samajwadi Party
13    VELAGAPUDI LAKSHMANA RAO    M    59    Pyramid Party of India
14    SRINIVASA RAO THOTAKURA    M    34    Ajeya Bharat Party
S01    31    AP    NARASARAOPET    23-Apr-09    1    BALASHOWRY VALLABHANENI    M    43    Indian National Congress
2    BEJJAM RATNAKARA RAO    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    VALLEPU KRUPA RAO    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    VENUGOPALA REDDY MODUGULA    M    42    Telugu Desam
7    GANUGAPENTA UTTAMA REDDY    M    30    Lok Satta Party
8    S.G. MASTAN VALI    M    31    Pyramid Party of India
9    RAMADUGU VENKATA SUBBA RAO    M    45    Samajwadi Party
11    SHAIK SYED SAHEB    M    65    Praja Rajyam Party
13    SAI PRASAD EDARA    M    42    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party
14    ATCHALA NARASIMHA RAO    M    39    Independent
15    ANNAMRAJU VENUGOPALA MADHAVA RAO    M    37    Independent
17    KATAMARAJU NALAGORLA    M    61    Independent
19    YAMPATI VEERANJANEYA REDDY    M    38    Independent
21    SRINIVASA REDDY KESARI    M    40    Independent
S01    32    AP    BAPATLA    23-Apr-09    1    DARA SAMBAIAH    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    PANABAKA LAKSHMI    F    50    Indian National Congress
3    BATTULA ROSAYYA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    MALYADRI SRIRAM    M    55    Telugu Desam
5    GARIKAPATI SUDHAKAR    M    37    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
6    NUTHAKKI RAMA RAO    M    61    Praja Rajyam Party
7    GUDIPALLI SATHYA BABUJI    M    40    Independent
8    GORREMUCHU CHINNA RAO    M    42    Independent
9    GOLLA BABU RAO    M    34    Independent
10    DEVARAPALLI BUJJI BABU    M    34    Independent
S01    33    AP    ONGOLE    23-Apr-09    1    MANDAVA VASUDEVA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    MADDULURI MALAKONDAIAH YADAV    M    47    Telugu Desam
3    MAGUNTA SRINIVASULU REDDY    M    55    Indian National Congress
4    CHALUVADI SRINIVASARAO    M    38    Pyramid Party of India
5    DR,NARAYANAM RADHA DEVI    F    57    Lok Satta Party
6    PIDATHALA SAI KALPANA    F    50    Praja Rajyam Party
7    SHAIK SHAJAHAN    M    49    United Women Front
8    GARRE RAMAKRISHNA    M    34    Independent
9    DAMA MOHANA RAO    M    53    Independent
10    NALAMALAPU LAKSHMINARASAREDDY    M    40    Independent
11    YATHAPU KONDAREDDY    M    28    Independent
S01    34    AP    NANDYAL    23-Apr-09    1    NASYAM MOHAMMED FAROOK    M    57    Telugu Desam
2    S.MOHAMMED ISMAIL    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    S.P.Y.REDDY    M    59    Indian National Congress
4    ABDUL SATTAR . G    M    26    B. C. United Front
5    PICHHIKE NARENDRA DEV    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
6    BHUMA VENKATA NAGI REDDY    M    45    Praja Rajyam Party
7    RAMA JAGANNADHA REDDY TAMIDELA    M    34    Lok Satta Party
8    SADHU VEERA VENKATA RAMANAIAH    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
9    AMBATI RAMESWARA REDDY    M    35    Independent
10    K.ARTHER PANCHARATNAM    M    44    Independent
11    B.P.KAMBAGIRI SWAMY    M    36    Independent
12    GALI RAMA SUBBA REDDY    M    33    Independent
13    A.U.FAROOQ    M    25    Independent
14    G.BALASWAMY    M    37    Independent
15    T.MAHESH NAIDU    M    28    Independent
16    B.V.RAMI REDDY    M    47    Independent
17    B.R.L.REDDY    M    40    Independent
18    VENNUPUSA VENKATESHWARA REDDY    M    35    Independent
19    SINGAM VENKATESHWARA REDDY    M    35    Independent
20    T.SRINUVASULU    M    38    Independent
21    V.SESHI REDDY    M    33    Independent
S01    35    AP    KURNOOL    23-Apr-09    1    KOTLA JAYA SURYA PRAKASH REDDY    M    57    Indian National Congress
2    GADDAM RAMAKRISHNA    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    B.T.NAIDU    M    36    Telugu Desam
4    RAVI SUBRAMANYAM K.A.    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    JALLI VENKATESH    M    38    Lok Satta Party
6    DR.DANDIYA KHAJA PEERA    M    55    Praja Rajyam Party
7    B.NAGA JAYA CHANDRA REDDY    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
8    DR.P.R.PARAMESWAR REDDY    M    36    Pyramid Party of India
9    DEVI RAMALINGAPPA    M    44    Independent
10    V.V. RAMANA    M    38    Independent
11    RAJU    M    45    Independent
S01    36    AP    ANANTAPUR    23-Apr-09    1    ANANTHA VENKATA RAMI REDDY    M    52    Indian National Congress
2    AMBATI RAMA KRISHNA REDDY    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    KALAVA SRINIVASULU    M    44    Telugu Desam
4    GADDALA NAGABHUSHANAM    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    AMARNATH    M    32    Lok Satta Party
6    KRUSHNAPURAM GAYATHRI DEVI    F    36    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
7    MANSOOR    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party
8    G HARI    M    29    Pyramid Party of India
9    T CHANDRA SEKHAR    M    30    Independent
10    DEVELLA MURALI    M    44    Independent
11    K P NARAYANA SWAMY    M    41    Independent
12    J C RAMANUJULA REDDY    M    52    Independent
S01    37    AP    HINDUPUR    23-Apr-09    1    KRISTAPPA NIMMALA    M    52    Telugu Desam
2    P KHASIM KHAN    M    53    Indian National Congress
3    NARESH CINE ACTOR    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    B.S.P.SREERAMULU    M    30    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    KADAPALA SREEKANTA REDDY    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party
6    NIRANJAN BABU. K    M    30    Lok Satta Party
7    S. MUSKIN VALI    M    26    Pyramid Party of India
8    K. JAKEER    M    40    Independent
9    B. NAGABHUSHANA RAO    M    76    Independent
10    P. PRASAD (PEETLA PRASAD)    M    32    Independent
S01    38    AP    KADAPA    23-Apr-09    1    JAMBAPURAM MUNI REDDY    M    31    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    Y.S. JAGAN MOHAN REDDY    M    36    Indian National Congress
3    PALEM SRIKANTH REDDY    M    45    Telugu Desam
4    VANGALA SHASHI BHUSHAN REDDY    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    KASIBHATLA SAINATH SARMA    M    38    Rajyadhikara Party
6    N. KISHORE KUMAR REDDY    M    38    Janata Dal (Secular)
7    KUNCHAM VENKATA SUBBA REDDY    M    42    Rayalaseema Rashtra Samithi
8    DR. KHALEEL BASHA    M    60    Praja Rajyam Party
9    GAJJALA RAMA SUBBA REDDY    M    57    Pyramid Party of India
10    GUDIPATI. PRASANNA KUMAR    M    55    Lok Satta Party
11    C. GOPI NARASIMHA REDDY    M    31    Janata Dal (United)
12    CHINNAPA REDDY KOMMA    M    41    Bharatiya Jan Shakti
13    Y. SEKHARA REDDY    M    47    Republican Party of India (A)
14    S. ALI SHER    M    47    Independent
15    THIMMAPPAGARI VENKATA SIVA REDDY    M    47    Independent
16    V. NARENDRA    M    39    Independent
17    S. RAJA MADIGA    M    46    Independent
18    YELLIPALAM RAMESH REDDY    M    35    Independent
19    SIVANARAYANA REDDY CHADIPIRALLA    M    39    Independent
20    J. SUBBARAYUDU    M    51    Independent
S01    39    AP    NELLORE    23-Apr-09    1    S. PADMA NAGESWARA RAO    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    BATHINA NARASIMHA RAO    M    65    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    MEKAPATI RAJAMOHAN REDDY    M    64    Indian National Congress
4    VANTERU VENU GOPALA REDDY    M    59    Telugu Desam
5    JANA RAMACHANDRAIAH    M    56    Praja Rajyam Party
6    VEMURI BHASKARA RAO    M    36    Lok Satta Party
7    SIDDIRAJU SATYANARAYANA    M    43    Pyramid Party of India
8    KARIMULLA    M    42    Independent
9    MUCHAKALA CHANDRA SEKHAR YADAV    M    40    Independent
10    VENKATA BHASKAR REDDY DIRISALA    M    37    Independent
11    SYED HAMZA HUSSAINY    M    46    Independent
S01    40    AP    TIRUPATI    23-Apr-09    1    CHINTA MOHAN    M    54    Indian National Congress
2    VARLA RAMAIAH    M    57    Telugu Desam
3    N.VENKATASWAMY    M    77    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    JUVVIGUNTA VENKATESWARLU    M    37    Lok Satta Party
5    DEGALA SURYANARAYANA    M    34    Pyramid Party of India
6    DHANASEKHAR GUNDLURU    M    41    Republican Party of India (A)
7    VARAPRASADA RAO. V    M    55    Praja Rajyam Party
8    OREPALLI VENKATA KRISHNA PRASAD    M    43    Independent
9    KATTAMANCHI PRABAKHAR    M    40    Independent
10    YALAVADI MUNIKRISHNAIAH    M    64    Independent
S01    41    AP    RAJAMPET    23-Apr-09    1    ANNAYYAGARI SAI PRATHAP    M    64    Indian National Congress
2    ALLAPUREDDY. HARINATHA REDDY    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RAMESH KUMAR REDDY REDDAPPAGARI    M    44    Telugu Desam
4    SUNKARA SREENIVAS    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    DR. ARAVA. VENKATA SUBBA REDDY    M    38    Pyramid Party of India
6    ADI NARAYANA REDDY .V    M    40    Bharatheeya Sadharma Samsthapana Party
7    NAGESWARA RAO EDAGOTTU    M    38    Lok Satta Party
8    D.A. SRINIVAS    M    36    Praja Rajyam Party
9    SHAIK AMEEN PEERAN    M    39    Ambedkar National Congress
10    ASADI VENKATADRI    M    41    Independent
11    INDRA PRAKASH    M    32    Independent
12    KASTHURI OBAIAH NAIDU    M    55    Independent
13    B. KRISHNAPPA    M    32    Independent
14    PULA RAGHU    M    44    Independent
15    HAJI MOHAMMAD AZAM    M    82    Independent
S01    42    AP    CHITTOOR    23-Apr-09    1    JAYARAM DUGGANI    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    THIPPESWAMY M    M    55    Indian National Congress
3    NARAMALLI SIVAPRASAD    M    57    Telugu Desam
4    B.SIVAKUMAR    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    A. AMARNADH    M    37    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
6    TALARI MANOHAR    M    54    Praja Rajyam Party
7    G. VENKATACHALAM    M    29    Lok Satta Party
S03    4    AS    DHUBRI    23-Apr-09    1    ANWAR HUSSAIN    M    62    Indian National Congress
2    BADRUDDIN AJMAL    M    54    Assam United Democratic Front
3    ARUN DAS    M    39    Rashtrawadi Sena
4    ALOK SEN    M    37    Samajwadi Party
5    SOLEMAN ALI    M    45    Independent
6    SHAHJAHAN ALI    M    39    Independent
7    SOLEMAN KHANDAKER    M    53    Independent
8    TRIPTI KANA MAZUMDAR CHOUDHURY    F    45    Independent
9    NUR MAHAMMAD    M    61    Independent
10    MINHAR ALI MANDAL    M    61    Independent
S03    5    AS    KOKRAJHAR    23-Apr-09    1    SABDA RAM RABHA    M    39    Asom Gana Parishad
2    SANSUMA KHUNGGUR BWISWMUTHIARY    M    49    Bodaland Peoples Front
3    URKHAO GWRA BRAHMA    M    45    Independent
S03    6    AS    BARPETA    23-Apr-09    1    ABDUS SAMAD AHMED    M    41    Assam United Democratic Front
2    MD. AMIR ALI    M    42    Rashtriya Janata Dal
3    ISMAIL HUSSAIN    M    55    Indian National Congress
4    DURGESWAR DEKA    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5    BHUPEN RAY    M    49    Asom Gana Parishad
6    ABU CHAND MAHMMAD    M    63    Republican Party of India (A)
7    ABDUL KADDUS    M    35    Samajwadi Party
8    KANDARPA LAHKAR    M    53    Rashtravadi Janata Party
9    MD. DILIR KHAN    M    42    Muslim League Kerala State Committee
10    MUIJ UDDIN MAHMUD    M    51    Lok Jan Shakti Party
11    ABDUL KADER    M    41    Independent
12    GOLAP HUSSAIN MAZUMDER    M    35    Independent
13    DEWAN JOYNAL ABEDIN    M    65    Independent
14    BHADRESWAR DAS    M    40    Independent
S03    7    AS    GAUHATI    23-Apr-09    1    AKSHAY RAJKHOWA    M    49    Nationalist Congress Party
2    BIJOYA CHAKRAVARTY    F    70    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    CAPT. ROBIN BORDOLOI    M    67    Indian National Congress
4    SONABOR ALI    M    58    Assam United Democratic Front
5    AMBU BORA    M    78    Revolutionary Communist Party of India (Rasik Bhatt)
6    DEEPAK KALITA    M    34    Samajwadi Party
7    SHIMANTA BRAHMA    M    48    Rashtrawadi Sena
8    AMIT BARUA    M    42    Independent
9    KAZI NEKIB AHMED    M    51    Independent
10    DEVA KANTA RAMCHIARY    M    46    Independent
11    BRIJESH ROY    M    30    Independent
12    RINA GAYARY DAS    F    41    Independent
S03    8    AS    MANGALDOI    23-Apr-09    1    BADIUJ ZAMAL    M    33    Assam United Democratic Front
2    MADHAB RAJBANGSHI    M    53    Indian National Congress
3    RAMEN DEKA    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    DINA NATH DAS    M    65    Bodaland Peoples Front
5    PARVEEN SULTANA    F    42    All India Minorities Front
6    RABINDRA NATH HAZARIKA    M    72    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
7    RATUL KUMAR CHOUDHURY    M    38    Samajwadi Party
8    LANKESWAR ACHARJYA    M    45    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
9    LUCYMAI BASUMATARI    F    58    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
10    AROON BAROOA    M    53    Independent
11    PRODEEP KUMAR DAIMARY    M    42    Independent
12    BHUPENDRA NATH KAKATI    M    62    Independent
13    MANOJ KUMAR DEKA    M    55    Independent
S03    9    AS    TEZPUR    23-Apr-09    1    JITEN SUNDI    M    64    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    DEBA ORANG    M    54    Assam United Democratic Front
3    MONI KUMAR SUBBA    M    51    Indian National Congress
4    JOSEPH TOPPO    M    60    Asom Gana Parishad
5    ARUN KUMAR MURMOO    M    33    Bharat Vikas Morcha
6    PARASHMONI SINHA    M    33    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
7    JUGANANDA HAZARIKA    M    42    Samajwadi Party
8    RUBUL SARMA    M    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
9    REGINOLD V. JOHNSON    M    45    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
10    KALYAN KUMAR DEORI BHARALI    M    69    Independent
11    DANIEL DAVID JESUDAS    M    66    Independent
12    MD. NAZIR AHMED    M    56    Independent
13    DR. PRANAB KR. DAS    M    41    Independent
14    PRASANTA BORO    M    32    Independent
15    RUDRA PARAJULI    M    52    Independent
S03    10    AS    NOWGONG    23-Apr-09    1    ANIL RAJA    M    51    Indian National Congress
2    RAJEN GOHAIN    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    SIRAJ UDDIN AJMAL    M    52    Assam United Democratic Front
4    PHEIROIJAM IBOMCHA SINGH    M    60    All India Forward Bloc
5    BIPIN SAIKIA    M    55    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
6    BIREN DAS    M    48    Rashtrawadi Sena
7    BHUPEN CHANDRA MUDOI    M    55    Republican Party of India (A)
8    LIAQAT HUSSAIN    M    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party
9    ASHIT DUTTA    M    47    Independent
10    NAZRUL HAQUE MAZARBHUIYAN    M    55    Independent
11    PUSPA KANTA BORA    M    49    Independent
12    BIMALA PRASAD TALUKDAR    M    46    Independent
13    HERAMBA MOHAN PANDIT    M    45    Independent
S03    11    AS    KALIABOR    23-Apr-09    1    GUNIN HAZARIKA    M    61    Asom Gana Parishad
2    DIP GOGOI    M    57    Indian National Congress
3    SIRAJ UDDIN AJMAL    M    52    Assam United Democratic Front
4    KAMAL HAZARIKA    M    48    Independent
5    PAUL NAYAK    M    40    Independent
6    PRADEEP DUTTA    M    42    Independent
7    BINOD GOGOI    M    38    Independent
8    MRIDUL BARUAH    M    37    Independent
S03    12    AS    JORHAT    23-Apr-09    1    KAMAKHYA TASA    M    34    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    DRUPAD BORGOHAIN    M    68    Communist Party of India
3    BIJOY KRISHNA HANDIQUE    M    77    Indian National Congress
4    ABINASH KISHORE BORAH    M    30    Rashtrawadi Sena
5    BIREN NANDA    M    48    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
6    NAVAPROKASH SONOWAL    M    36    Independent
7    RAJ KUMAR DOWARAH    M    43    Independent
8    SUJIT SAHU    M    38    Independent
S03    13    AS    DIBRUGARH    23-Apr-09    1    SRI PABAN SINGH GHATOWAR    M    60    Indian National Congress
2    SRI ROMEN CH. BORTHAKUR    M    48    Nationalist Congress Party
3    SRI RATUL GOGOI    M    31    Communist Party of India
4    SRI SARBANANDA SONOWAL    M    47    Asom Gana Parishad
5    SRI GONGARAM KAUL    M    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
6    NIHARIKA BORPATRA GOHAIN GOGOI    F    30    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
7    IMTIAZ HUSSAIN    M    31    Independent
8    FRANCIS DHAN    M    40    Independent
9    LAKHI CHARAN SWANSI    M    34    Independent
10    SIMA GHOSH    F    40    Independent
S03    14    AS    LAKHIMPUR    23-Apr-09    1    DR. ARUN KR. SARMA    M    52    Asom Gana Parishad
2    BHOGESWAR DUTTA    M    63    Communist Party of India
3    RANEE NARAH    F    45    Indian National Congress
4    GANGADHAR DUTTA    M    39    Shivsena
5    DEBNATH MAJHI    M    30    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
6    PRAN JYOTI BORPATRA GOHAIN    M    26    Rashtrawadi Sena
7    MINU BURAGOHAIN    F    50    Samajwadi Party
8    RATNESWAR GOGOI    M    63    All India Forward Bloc
9    LALIT MILI    M    53    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
10    SONAMONI DAS    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party
11    ASAP SUNDIGURIA    M    62    Independent
12    PRASHANTA GOGOI    M    35    Independent
13    BHUMIDHAR HAZARIKA    M    38    Independent
14    RANOJ PEGU    M    45    Independent
15    RABIN DEKA    M    54    Independent
S04    1    BR    VALMIKI NAGAR    23-Apr-09    1    DILIP VERMA    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party
2    BAIDYANATH PRASAD MAHTO    M    51    Janata Dal (United)
3    MANAN MISHRA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    MOHAMMAD SHAMIM AKHTAR    M    37    Indian National Congress
5    RAGHUNATH JHA    M    63    Rashtriya Janata Dal
6    BIRENDRA PRASAD GUPTA    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
7    SHAILENDRA KUMAR GARHWAL    M    38    Loktantrik Samata Dal
8    AMBIKA SINGH    M    53    Independent
9    UMESH    M    36    Independent
10    DEORAJ RAM    M    31    Independent
11    FAKHRUDDIN    M    37    Independent
12    MAGISTER YADAV    M    42    Independent
13    MANOHAR MANOJ    M    40    Independent
14    RAMASHANKAR PRASAD    M    35    Independent
15    RAKESH KUMAR PANDEY    M    51    Independent
16    SATYANARAIN YADAV    M    28    Independent
S04    2    BR    PASCHIM CHAMPARAN    23-Apr-09    1    ANIRUDH PRASAD ALIAS SADHU YADAV    M    46    Indian National Congress
2    PRAKASH JHA    M    55    Lok Jan Shakti Party
3    RAMASHRAY SINGH    M    65    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4    SHAMBHU PRASAD GUPTA    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    DR. SANJAY JAISWAL    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party
6    FAIYAZUL AZAM    M    71    Janata Dal (Secular)
7    MANOJ KUMAR    M    44    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
8    SYED SHAMIM AKHTAR    M    48    Loktantrik Samata Dal
9    NAFIS AHAMAD    M    35    Independent
10    SHRIMAN MISHRA    M    41    Independent
11    SYED IRSHAD AKHTER    M    32    Independent
S04    3    BR    PURVI CHAMPARAN    23-Apr-09    1    AKHILESH PD. SINGH    M    40    Rashtriya Janata Dal
2    ARVIND KR. GUPTA    M    29    Indian National Congress
3    GAGANDEO YADAV    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    RADHA MOHAN SINGH    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    RAMCHANDRA PD.    M    51    Communist Party of India
6    UMESH KR. SINGH    M    43    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
7    NAGENDRA SAHANI    M    33    Loktantrik Samata Dal
8    SURESH KR. RAJAK    M    45    Indian Justice Party
9    SURESH KR. RAI    M    41    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party
10    JHAGARU MAHATO    M    48    Independent
11    PARASNATH PANDEY    M    48    Independent
12    MD. MURTAZA ANSARI(DR. LAL)    M    40    Independent
S04    4    BR    SHEOHAR    23-Apr-09    1    MD. ANWARUL HAQUE    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    MD. TANVEER ZAFER    M    33    Communist Party of India
3    RAMA DEVI    F    60    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    LOVELY ANAND    M    35    Indian National Congress
5    SITARAM SINGH    M    60    Rashtriya Janata Dal
6    ARUN SAH    M    30    Bharatiya Loktantrik Party(Gandhi-Lohiawadi)
7    BASDEO SAH    M    36    Indian Justice Party
8    SHATRUGHANA SAHU    M    38    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal
9    AJAY KUMAR PANDEY    M    36    Independent
10    CHANDRIKA PRASAD    M    34    Independent
11    MOHAMMAD FIROZ AHAMAD    M    28    Independent
12    MOHSIN    M    29    Independent
13    YOGENDRA RAM    M    38    Independent
14    RAM ASHISH, MAHTO    M    64    Independent
15    SUNIL SINGH    M    44    Independent
S04    5    BR    SITAMARHI    23-Apr-09    1    ARJUN ROY    M    37    Janata Dal (United)
2    MAYA SHANKAR SHARAN    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SAMIR KUMAR MAHASETH    M    49    Indian National Congress
4    SITARAM YADAV    M    61    Rashtriya Janata Dal
5    S. ABU DAUJANA    M    41    Loktantrik Samata Dal
6    CHITARANJAN GIRI    M    42    Rashtriya Pragati Party
7    MOHAMMAD AFZAL PAINTHER    M    44    Ambedkar National Congress
8    SHANKAR SINHA    M    51    Revolutionary Socialist Party
9    CHANDRIKA PRASAD    M    34    Independent
10    ZAHID    M    30    Independent
11    DINESH PRASAD    M    40    Independent
12    PAPPU KUMAR MISHRA    M    30    Independent
13    MUKESH KUMAR GUPTA    M    39    Independent
14    RAVINDRA KUMAR    M    36    Independent
15    RAM KISHORE PRASAD    M    71    Independent
16    SONE LAL SAH    M    61    Independent
S04    6    BR    MADHUBANI    23-Apr-09    1    ABDULBARI SIDDIKI    M    62    Rashtriya Janata Dal
2    LAXMANKANT MISHRA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    DR SHAKEEL AHAMAD    M    52    Indian National Congress
4    HUKM DEO NARAYAN YADAV    M    72    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    DR HEMCHANDRA JHA    M    48    Communist Party of India
6    MINTU KUMAR SINGH    M    30    Jago Party
7    MISHRI LAL YADAV    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party
8    RAMCHANDRA YADAV    M    65    Krantikari Samyavadi Party
9    RAM SAGAR SAHANI    M    51    Indian Justice Party
10    MD ZINNUR    M    47    Independent
11    RAVINDRA THAKUR    M    40    Independent
12    RAJESHWAR YADAV    M    37    Independent
13    SANJAY KUMAR MAHTO    M    36    Independent
14    HARIBHUSHAN THAKUR “BACHOL”    M    44    Independent
S04    7    BR    JHANJHARPUR    23-Apr-09    1    KRIPANATH PATHAK    M    65    Indian National Congress
2    GAURI SHANKAR YADAV    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    DEVENDRA PRASAD YADAV    M    53    Rashtriya Janata Dal
4    MANGANI LAL MANDAL    M    60    Janata Dal (United)
5    DR KIRTAN PRASAD SINGH    M    50    Loktantrik Samata Dal
6    YOGNATH MANDAL    M    36    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
7    OM PRAKASH    M    27    Independent
8    NATHUNI YADAV    M    57    Independent
9    FIROZ ALAM    M    38    Independent
10    VIVEKA NAND JHA    M    33    Independent
11    SHANKAR PRASAD    M    26    Independent
S04    14    BR    DARBHANGA    23-Apr-09    1    AJAY KUMAR JALAN    M    49    Indian National Congress
2    MD. ALI ASHRAF FATMI    M    53    Rashtriya Janata Dal
3    KIRTI AZAD    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    YUGESHWAR SAHNI    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    KUMARI SURESHWARI    F    60    Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party
6    MD. KHURSHID ALAM    M    46    Apna Dal
7    DURGANAND MAHAVIR NAYAK    M    37    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal
8    MD. NIZAMUDDIN    M    36    Indian Justice Party
9    SATYANARAYAN MUKHIA    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
10    ABDUR RAHIM    M    49    Independent
11    GOVIND ACHARAY    M    27    Independent
12    BHARAT YADAV    M    54    Independent
13    LALBAHADUR YADAV    M    35    Independent
14    PROF. HARERAM ACHARAY    M    49    Independent
S04    15    BR    MUZAFFARPUR    23-Apr-09    1    CAPTAIN JAI NARAYAN PRASAD NISHAD    M    78    Janata Dal (United)
2    BHAGWANLAL SAHNI    M    57    Lok Jan Shakti Party
3    VINITA VIJAY    F    41    Indian National Congress
4    SAMEER KUMAR    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    JITENDRA YADAV    M    35    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
6    DINESH KUMAR KUSHWAHA    M    32    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
7    DEVENDRA RAKESH    M    49    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party
8    NEELU SINGH    F    36    Proutist Sarva Samaj
9    MAHENDRA PRASAD    M    63    Rashtriya Pragati Party
10    MITHILESH KUMAR    M    40    Rashtra Sewa Dal
11    MOHAMMAD SHAMIM    M    31    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
12    MD. RAHAMTULLAHA    M    37    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
13    RAM DAYAL RAM    M    48    All India Forward Bloc
14    REYAJ AHMAD ATISH    M    62    Jago Party
15    MD. SALEEM    M    36    Rashtravadi Janata Party
16    ASHOK KUMAR LALAN    M    37    Independent
17    AHMAD RAZA    M    31    Independent
18    GEORGE FERNANDES    M    78    Independent
19    TARKESHWAR PASWAN    M    38    Independent
20    VIJENDRA CHAUDHARY    M    42    Independent
21    VINOD PASWAN    M    35    Independent
22    SHAMBHU SAHNI    M    37    Independent
23    SADANAND KISHORE THAKUR    M    38    Independent
24    SYED ALAMDAR HUSSAIN    M    27    Independent
S04    16    BR    VAISHALI    23-Apr-09    1    RAGHUVANSH PRASAD SINGH    M    62    Rashtriya Janata Dal
2    VIJAY KUMAR SHUKLA    M    38    Janata Dal (United)
3    SHANKAR MAHTO    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    HIND KESRI YADAV    M    58    Indian National Congress
5    PUNAMRI DEVI    F    37    United Women Front
6    PRAMOD KUMAR SHARMA    M    27    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party
7    BADRI PASWAN    M    39    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
8    BALAK NATH SAHANI    M    39    Indian Justice Party
9    LALJI KUMAR RAKESH    M    35    Rashtra Sewa Dal
10    BINOD PANDIT    M    29    Lokpriya Samaj Party
11    INDARDEO RAI    M    46    Independent
12    JITENDRA PRASAD    M    34    Independent
S04    21    BR    HAJIPUR    23-Apr-09    1    DASAI CHOWDHARY    M    52    Indian National Congress
2    MAHESHWAR DAS    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    RAM VILAS PASWAN    M    61    Lok Jan Shakti Party
4    RAM SUNDAR DAS    M    88    Janata Dal (United)
5    DINESH CHANDRA BHUSHAN    M    36    Loktantrik Samata Dal
6    NAND LAL PASWAN    M    47    Independent
7    PRATIMA KUMARI    F    33    Independent
8    RAJENDRA KUMAR PASWAN    M    54    Independent
9    RAM TIRTH PASWAN    M    59    Independent
10    VISHWA VIJAY KUMAR VIDHYARTHI    M    30    Independent
11    SANJAY PASHWAN    M    30    Independent
S04    22    BR    UJIARPUR    23-Apr-09    1    ASWAMEDH DEVI    F    40    Janata Dal (United)
2    ALOK KUMAR MEHTA    M    40    Rashtriya Janata Dal
3    RAMDEO VERMA    M    62    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
4    VIJAYWANT KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    SHEEL KUMAR ROY    M    40    Indian National Congress
6    CHANDRA DEO ROY    M    48    Socialist Party (Lohia)
7    JAI NARAYAN SAH    M    53    Bajjikanchal Vikas Party
8    JITENDRA KUMAR ROY    M    32    Shivsena
9    TOSHAN SAH    M    62    Rashtriya Pragati Party
10    MD. TAUKIR    M    40    Samata Party
11    MASSOD HASSAN    M    29    Muslim League Kerala State Committee
12    RAMNATH SINGH    M    36    Rashtra Sewa Dal
13    ARJUN SAHNI    M    28    Independent
14    PRADEEP KUMAR    M    41    Independent
15    BRAJESH KUMAR NIRALA    M    51    Independent
16    MANSOOR    M    42    Independent
17    MOHAN PAUL    M    47    Independent
18    MOHAMMAD KURBAN    M    43    Independent
19    RATAN SAHNI    M    46    Independent
20    RAM SAGAR MAHTO    M    45    Independent
21    SANJAY KUMAR JHA    M    36    Independent
22    SUJIT KUMAR BHAGAT    M    29    Independent
S04    23    BR    SAMASTIPUR    23-Apr-09    1    DR. ASHOK KUMAR    M    54    Indian National Congress
2    MAHESWER HAZARI    M    38    Janata Dal (United)
3    RAM CHANDRA PASWAN    M    47    Lok Jan Shakti Party
4    BINDESHWAR PASWAN    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    UPENDRA PASWAN    M    42    Loktantrik Samata Dal
6    JEEBACHH PASWAN    M    41    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
7    RANDHIR PASWAN    M    27    Independent
8    RAJA RAM DAS    M    56    Independent
9    REKHA KUMARI    F    29    Independent
10    SHIVCHANDRA PASWAN    M    31    Independent
11    SATISH MAHTO    M    33    Independent
S05    1    GA    NORTH GOA    23-Apr-09    1    CHRISTOPHER FONSECA    M    55    Communist Party of India
2    JITENDRA RAGHURAJ DESHPRABHU    M    53    Nationalist Congress Party
3    RAUT PANDURANG DATTARAM    M    62    Maharashtrawadi Gomantak
4    SHRIPAD YESSO NAIK    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    UPENDRA CHANDRU GAONKAR    M    48    Shivsena
6    NARACINVA SURYA SALGAONKAR    M    51    Independent
7    MARTHA D’ SOUZA    F    55    Independent
S05    2    GA    SOUTH GOA    23-Apr-09    1    COSME FRANCISCO CAITANO SARDINHA    M    62    Indian National Congress
2    ADV. NARENDRA KESHAV SAWAIKAR    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    ADV. RAJU MANGESHKAR ALIAS RAJENDRA NAIK    M    52    Communist Party of India
4    ROHIDAS HARICHANDRA BORKAR    M    63    Save Goa Front
5    MATANHY SALDANHA    M    60    United Goans Democratic Party
6    DIAS JAWAHAR    M    53    Independent
7    DERICK DIAS    M    41    Independent
8    FRANCISCO ANTONIO JOAO DE PHILOMENO FERNANDES    M    66    Independent
9    MULLA SALIM    M    25    Independent
10    SALUNKE SMITA PRAVEEN    F    38    Independent
11    HAMZA KHAN    M    57    Independent
S09    5    JK    UDHAMPUR    23-Apr-09    1    ADREES AHMAD TABBASUM    M    45    Communist Party of India
2    BALBIR SINGH    M    53    Jammu & Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party
3    PROF. BHIM SINGH    M    69    Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party
4    RAKESH WAZIR    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    CH. LAL SINGH    M    50    Indian National Congress
6    DR. NIRMAL SINGH    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
7    BODH RAJ    M    42    Backward Classes Democratic Party, J&K
8    RAJESH MANCHANDA    M    40    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
9    KANCHAN SHARMA    F    40    Bharatiya Bahujan Party
10    MASTER WILLIAM GILL    M    60    All India Forward Bloc
11    ATUL SHARMA    M    30    Independent
12    DEV RAJ    M    57    Independent
13    MOHD. YOUSUF    M    46    Independent
14    NARESH DOGRA    M    40    Independent
S10    1    KA    CHIKKODI    23-Apr-09    1    KATTI RAMESH VISHWANATH    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    PRAKASH BABANNA HUKKERI    M    62    Indian National Congress
3    SHIVANAND WANTAMURI SIDDAMALLAPPA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    BANASHANKARI BHIMAPPA ITTAPPA    M    32    Independent
5    MALLAPPA MARUTI KHATANVE    M    60    Independent
6    YASHWANT MANOHAR SUTAR    M    32    Independent
7    SHAILA SURESH KOLI    F    37    Independent
S10    2    KA    BELGAUM    23-Apr-09    1    AMARSINH VASANTRAO PATIL    M    49    Indian National Congress
2    ANGADI SURESH CHANNABASAPPA    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    A. B. PATIL    M    56    Janata Dal (Secular)
4    RAMANAGOUDA SIDDANGOUDA PATIL    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    ALLAPPA RAMAPPA PATIL    M    31    Independent
6    KASTURI BASANAGOUDA BHAVI    F    40    Independent
7    MOHAN. H. GADIWADDAR    M    29    Independent
8    RAMCHANDRA MAREPPA TORGAL(CHALAWADI)    M    66    Independent
9    VIJAYKUMAR JEENDATTA UPADHYE    M    47    Independent
10    HANAJI ASHOK PANDU    M    28    Independent
S10    4    KA    BIJAPUR    23-Apr-09    1    ALMELKAR VILASABABU BASALINGAPPA    M    46    Janata Dal (Secular)
2    KANAMADI SUDHAKAR MALLESH    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    PRAKASH KUBASING RATHOD    M    48    Indian National Congress
4    RAMESH CHANDAPPA JIGAJINAGI    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    NARASAPPA TIPPANNA BANDIWADDAR    M    48    Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha
6    LAMANI CHANDRAKANT RUPASING    M    38    Lok Jan Shakti Party
7    ARAKERI NIRMALA SRINIVAS    F    35    Independent
8    CHALAWADI RAMANNA    M    54    Independent
9    SEVALAL SOMASHEKAR PURAPPA    M    46    Independent
10    HARIJAN AMBANNA TUKARAM    M    33    Independent
S10    5    KA    GULBARGA    23-Apr-09    1    BABU HONNA NAIK    M    55    Janata Dal (Secular)
2    MALLIKARJUN KHARGE    M    67    Indian National Congress
3    MAHADEV. B. DHANNI    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    REVUNAIK BELAMGI    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    DR. K. T. PALUSKAR    M    53    Prabuddha Republican Party
6    RAVIKUMAR SHALIMANI SEDAM    M    34    Ambedkar National Congress
7    SHANKER KODLA    M    73    Janata Dal (United)
8    SHANKAR JADHAV    M    48    Bharatiya Peoples Party
9    H.V. DIWAKAR    M    46    Independent
10    SHIVAKUMAR . KOLLUR    M    44    Independent
S10    6    KA    RAICHUR    23-Apr-09    1    K.DEVANNA NAIK    M    56    Janata Dal (Secular)
2    PAKKIRAPPA.S.    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RAJA VENKATAPPA NAIK    M    52    Indian National Congress
4    SHIVAKUMAR    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    COM II. V.H.MASTER    M    73    Independent
6    COMRADE V.MUDUKAPPA NAYAK    M    36    Independent
7    R.MUDUKAPPA NAYAK    M    44    Independent
8    K.SOMASHEKHAR    M    43    Independent
S10    7    KA    BIDAR    23-Apr-09    1    GURUPADAPPA NAGMARPALLI    M    25    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    JAGANNATH.R.JAMADAR    M    25    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    N.DHARAM SINGH    M    25    Indian National Congress
4    SUBHASH TIPPANNA NELGE    M    25    Janata Dal (Secular)
5    ADVOCATE MOULVI ZAMEERUDDIN    M    25    National Development Party
6    BHASKAR BABU PATERPALLI    M    25    Indian Christian Secular Party
7    SHRAVAN SANGONDA BHANDE    M    25    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
8    SUBHASH CHANDRA G.KHAPATE    M    25    Laghujan Samaj Vikas Party
9    AMRUTHAPPA.M.D    M    25    Independent
10    MD ARSHAD AHMED ANSARI    M    25    Independent
11    KHAJA SAMEEUDDIN KHAJA MOINUDDIN    M    25    Independent
12    JADHAV VENKAT RAO GYANOBA RAO    M    25    Independent
13    DONGAPURE SHANT KUMAR    M    25    Independent
14    DEVENDRAPPA SANGRAMAPPA PATIL    M    25    Independent
15    NARSAPPA MUTHANGI    M    25    Independent
16    PARMESHWAR RAMCHANDRA    M    25    Independent
17    PASHAMIYA ESMAIL SAB    M    25    Independent
18    BASWARAJ PAILWAN OKALLI    M    25    Independent
19    MANJILE MIYYA PEER SAB QURESH    M    25    Independent
20    MD OSMAN ALI LAKHPATI    M    25    Independent
21    MUFTI SHAIKH ABDUL GAFFAR QASMI    M    25    Independent
22    YEVATE PATIL SHRIMANT    M    25    Independent
23    YASHWANTH NARSING    M    25    Independent
24    SHIVARAJ TIMMANNA BOKKE    M    25    Independent
25    SAMEEUDDIN BANDELI    M    25    Independent
26    SURESH SWAMY TALGHATKER    M    25    Independent
27    SYED QUBUL ULLA HUSSIANI SAJID    M    25    Independent
S10    8    KA    KOPPAL    23-Apr-09    1    ANSARI IQBAL    M    50    Janata Dal (Secular)
2    BASAVARAJ RAYAREDDY    M    53    Indian National Congress
3    SHIVAPUTRAPPA GUMAGERA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SHIVARAMAGOUDA SHIVANAGOUDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    ZAKEER    M    30    Lok Jan Shakti Party
6    BASAVARAJ KARADI WADDARAHATTI    M    27    Janata Dal (United)
7    BHARADWAJ    M    63    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
8    ISHWARAPPA J    M    52    Independent
9    UPPARA HANUMANTAPPA    M    33    Independent
10    GOUSIA BEGUM    F    31    Independent
11    CHAKRAVARTI NAYAK T    M    70    Independent
12    CHANDRASHEKAR    M    37    Independent
13    NAJEER HUSAIN    M    41    Independent
14    PUJAR D.H    M    42    Independent
15    MAREMMA YANKAPPA    F    40    Independent
16    SHARABHAYYA HIREMATH    M    27    Independent
17    SHIVAKUMAR NAVALI SIDDAPPA TONTAPUR    M    44    Independent
18    HANDI RAFIQSAB    M    53    Independent
S10    9    KA    BELLARY    23-Apr-09    1    T. NAGENDRA    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    J. SHANTHA    F    35    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    N.Y. HANUMANTHAPPA    M    69    Indian National Congress
4    CHOWDAPPA    M    29    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
5    D. GANGANNA    M    59    Independent
6    B. RAMAIAH    M    60    Independent
7    A. RAMANJANAPPA    M    41    Independent
S10    12    KA    UTTARA KANNADA    23-Apr-09    1    ANANTKUMAR HEGDE    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    ALVA MARGARET    F    67    Indian National Congress
3    HADAPAD BASAVARAJ DUNDAPPA    M    28    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    V D HEGADE    M    68    Janata Dal (Secular)
5    ELISH KOTIYAL    M    44    Janata Dal (United)
6    D M GURAV    M    49    Shivsena
7    ABDUL RASHEED SHAIKH    M    44    Independent
8    UDAY BABU KHALVADEKAR    M    57    Independent
9    KHAZI RAHMATULLA ABDUL WAHAB    M    60    Independent
10    L P M NAIK    M    39    Independent
11    YASHWANT TIMMANNA NIPPANIKAR    M    58    Independent
S10    18    KA    CHITRADURGA    23-Apr-09    1    JANARDHANA SWAMY    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    M JAYANNA    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    DR. B THIPPESWAMY    M    37    Indian National Congress
4    M RATHNAKAR    M    42    Janata Dal (Secular)
5    SHASHISHEKAR NAIK    M    46    Rashtriya Janata Dal
6    M KUMBAIAH    M    56    Independent
7    GANESHA    M    48    Independent
8    K H DURGASIMHA    M    61    Independent
9    RAMACHANDRA    M    49    Independent
10    B SUJATHA    F    33    Independent
11    HANUMANTHAPPA TEGNOOR    M    59    Independent
S10    19    KA    TUMKUR    23-Apr-09    1    ASHOK    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    P. KODANDARAMAIAH    M    69    Indian National Congress
3    G.S. BASAVARAJU    M    67    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    S.P. MUDDAHANUMEGOWDA    M    55    Janata Dal (Secular)
5    SREE GOWRISHANKARA SWAMIGALU    M    63    Samajwadi Party
6    D.R. NAGARAJA    M    53    Independent
7    G. NAGENDRA    M    34    Independent
8    NIRANJANA C.S    M    29    Independent
9    MOHAMED KHASIM    M    47    Independent
10    SHASIBHUSHANA    M    34    Independent
S10    23    KA    BANGALORE RURAL    23-Apr-09    1    H.D.KUMARASWAMY    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)
2    TEJASVINI GOWDA    F    42    Indian National Congress
3    MOHAMED HAFEEZ ULLAH    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    C. P. YOGEESHWARA    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    C.THOPAIAH    M    56    Janata Dal (United)
6    I VENKATESWARA REDDY    M    55    Pyramid Party of India
7    AGNISHREENIVAS    M    30    Independent
8    D.KUMARASWAMY    M    43    Independent
9    KUMARASWAMY C    M    28    Independent
10    KRISHNAPPA    M    46    Independent
11    Y.CHINNAPPA    M    33    Independent
12    A CHOWRAPPA    M    44    Independent
13    DR. K PADMARAJAN    M    50    Independent
14    K.PUTTAMADEGOWDA    M    40    Independent
15    T.M.MANCHEGOWDA    M    62    Independent
S10    24    KA    BANGALORE NORTH    23-Apr-09    1    D. B. CHANDRE GOWDA    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    C. K. JAFFER SHARIEF    M    75    Indian National Congress
3    PADMAA K. BHAT    F    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    R. SURENDRA BABU    M    48    Janata Dal (Secular)
5    M. TIPPUVARDHAN    M    39    Bharatiya Praja Paksha
6    ANCHAN KHANNA    M    34    Independent
7    KANYA KUMAR    M    36    Independent
8    G S KUMAR    M    68    Independent
9    C. KRISHNAMURTHY    M    45    Independent
10    B K CHANDRA    M    38    Independent
11    T. R. CHANDRAHASA    M    45    Independent
12    ABDUL JALEEL    M    39    Independent
13    ZAFER MOHIUDDIN    M    48    Independent
14    JOSEPH SOLOMON    M    39    Independent
15    L. NAGARAJ    M    52    Independent
16    V. PRASANNA KUMAR    M    38    Independent
17    H. PILLAIAH    M    46    Independent
18    T. B. MADWARAJA    M    33    Independent
19    MEER LAYAQ HUSSAIN    M    42    Independent
20    K. A. MOHAN    M    51    Independent
21    S. M. RAJU    M    52    Independent
22    L. LAKSHMAIAH    M    64    Independent
23    MU. VENKATESHAIAH    M    50    Independent
24    VENKATESA SETTY    M    63    Independent
25    H. A. SHIVAKUMAR    M    30    Independent
26    K. SATHYANARAYANA    M    57    Independent
27    SYED AKBAR BASHA    M    50    Independent
28    N. HARISH GOWDA    M    33    Independent
S10    25    KA    BANGALORE CENTRAL    23-Apr-09    1    ZAMEER AHMED KHAN. B.Z    M    43    Janata Dal (Secular)
2    P. C. MOHAN    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    VIJAY RAJA SINGH    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    H.T.SANGLIANA    M    67    Indian National Congress
5    IFTHAQUAR ALI BHUTTO    M    37    Ambedkar National Congress
6    J.D.ELANGOVAN    M    64    Indian Justice Party
7    S M KRISHNA    M    44    Bharatiya Praja Paksha
8    B KRISHNA PRASAD    M    55    Proutist Sarva Samaj Party
9    A.S. PAUL    M    60    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)
10    D.C. PRAKASH    M    41    Karnataka Thamizhar Munnetra Kazhagam
11    K.PRABHAKARA REDDY    M    61    Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha
12    T.K.PREMKUMAR    M    45    Pyramid Party of India
13    ABHIMANI NARENDRA    M    50    Independent
14    M.A. ASHWATHA NARAYANA SETTY    M    64    Independent
15    K UMA    F    46    Independent
16    UMASHANKAR    M    42    Independent
17    K.S.S.IYENGAR    M    77    Independent
18    B.M.KRISHNAREDDY    M    64    Independent
19    S.KODANDARAM    M    50    Independent
20    C.V.GIDDAPPA    M    55    Independent
21    A.CHANDRASHEKAR    M    45    Independent
22    JAYARAMA    M    60    Independent
23    K.NARASIMHA    M    38    Independent
24    B.K NARAYANA SWAMY    M    52    Independent
25    P.PARTHIBAN    M    34    Independent
26    MEER LAYAQ HUSSAIN    M    42    Independent
27    B.MOHAN VELU    M    39    Independent
28    R. RAJ    M    49    Independent
29    E. RAMAKRISHNAIAH    M    50    Independent
30    K.H.RAMALINGAREDDY    M    41    Independent
31    VIJAYA BHASKAR N    M    61    Independent
32    DR.D. R.VENKATESH GOWDA    M    82    Independent
33    SHAFFI AHMED    M    50    Independent
34    S.N. SHARMA    M    67    Independent
35    SHASHIKUMAR A.R    M    43    Independent
36    K.SHIVARAMANNA    M    55    Independent
37    SHAIK BAHADUR    M    54    Independent
S10    26    KA    BANGALORE SOUTH    23-Apr-09    1    ANANTH KUMAR    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    KRISHNA BYRE GOWDA    M    36    Indian National Congress
3    NAHEEDA SALMA S    F    47    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    PROF.RADHAKRISHNA    M    63    Janata Dal (Secular)
5    B.M.GOVINDRAJ NAIK    M    38    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
6    P.JOHNBASCO    M    37    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)
7    VATAL NAGARAJ    M    60    Kannada Chalavali Vatal Paksha
8    B.SHIVARAMAPPA    M    62    Pyramid Party of India
9    ABHIMAANI NARENDRA    M    50    Independent
10    KHADER ALI KHAN    M    39    Independent
11    GANESH HANUMANTARAO MOKHASHI    M    58    Independent
12    CAPT. G.R. GOPINATH    M    57    Independent
13    K.C.JANARDHAN    M    46    Independent
14    DR.JAYALAKSHMI.H.G.    F    48    Independent
15    K.M.NARAYANA    M    54    Independent
16    MADESH.C    M    40    Independent
17    MURALIDHARA.D.J.    M    44    Independent
18    RAVI KUMARA.T.    M    26    Independent
19    SUGANDHARAJE URS    M    59    Independent
20    SANTHOSH MIN.B    M    33    Independent
S10    27    KA    CHIKKBALLAPUR    23-Apr-09    1    C.ASWATHANARAYANA    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    C.R.MANOHAR    M    29    Janata Dal (Secular)
3    M.VEERAPPA MOILY    M    69    Indian National Congress
4    HENNURU LAKSHMINARAYANA    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    M.RAMAKRISHNAIAH    M    40    Pyramid Party of India
6    M.VENKATESH    M    55    Bharatiya Praja Paksha
7    H.R.SHIVAKUMAR    M    39    Lok Jan Shakti Party
8    KRISHNAMURTHY .T    M    70    Independent
9    K.S.CHANDRASHEKARA RAO (AZAD)    M    54    Independent
10    L.NAGARAJ    M    52    Independent
11    G.NARAYANAPPA    M    62    Independent
12    A.N.BACHEGOWDA    M    50    Independent
13    G.B.MUTHUKUMAR    M    62    Independent
14    M.MUNIVENKATAIAH    M    64    Independent
15    M.RAMESH    M    30    Independent
16    RAVI GOKRE    M    32    Independent
17    G.N. RAVI    M    45    Independent
18    K.VENKATAREDDY    M    36    Independent
19    B.SHIVARAJA    M    40    Independent
20    Y.A.SIDDALINGEGOWDA    M    42    Independent
S10    28    KA    KOLAR    23-Apr-09    1    G.CHANDRANNA    M    56    Janata Dal (Secular)
2    K.H.MUNIYAPPA    M    61    Indian National Congress
3    N.MUNISWAMY    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    LAKSHMI SHANMUGAM    F    56    Nationalist Congress Party
5    D.S.VEERAIAH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party
6    K.R.DEVARAJA    M    51    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
7    B.M.KRISHNAPPA    M    59    Independent
8    M.R.GANTAPPA    M    46    Independent
9    P.V.CHANGALARAYAPPA    M    38    Independent
10    P.CHANDRAPPA    M    42    Independent
11    V.JAYARAMA    M    59    Independent
12    JAYARAMAPPA    M    45    Independent
13    NAGARATHNA M.    F    47    Independent
14    M.NAGARAJA    M    35    Independent
15    NARAYANASWAMY    M    49    Independent
16    K.NARAYANASWAMY    M    37    Independent
17    C.K.MUNIYAPPA    M    43    Independent
18    M.RAVI KUMAR    M    36    Independent
19    M.VENKATASWAMY    M    55    Independent
20    K.VENKATESH    M    40    Independent
21    SRINIVASA T.O.    M    37    Independent
22    SRINIVASA P.    M    42    Independent
S12    8    MP    KHAJURAHO    23-Apr-09    1    JAYAWANT SINGH    M    49    Samajwadi Party
2    JEETENDRA SINGH    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RAJA PATERYA    M    49    Indian National Congress
4    SEWA LAL PATEL    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    M. SHAKIL    M    38    Gondwana Mukti Sena
6    SAROJ BACHCHAN NAYAK    F    56    Janata Dal (United)
7    SURYA BHAN SINGH ‘YADAV GURUJI’    M    75    All India Forward Bloc
8    AKEEL KHAN    M    43    Independent
9    AKANCHHA JAIN    F    34    Independent
10    KRISHNA SHARAN SINGH (RAJA BHAIYA)    M    36    Independent
11    NARENDRA KUMAR    M    54    Independent
12    RAJENDRA AHIRWAR    M    43    Independent
13    RAM NATH LODHI    M    41    Independent
14    SHABNAM (MAUSI)    F    48    Independent
15    SHUKL SITARAM    M    48    Independent
S12    9    MP    SATNA    23-Apr-09    1    GANESH SINGH    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    PT. RAJARAM TRIPATHI    M    56    Samajwadi Party
3    SUKHLAL KUSHWAHA    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SUDHIR SINGH TOMAR    M    41    Indian National Congress
5    ONKAR SINGH    M    56    Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party
6    GIRJA SINGH PATEL    M    49    Apna Dal
7    CHHOTELAL SINGH GOND    M    65    Gondwana Mukti Sena
8    PRAMILA    F    43    Republican Party of India (A)
9    B BALLABH CHARYA    M    38    Advait Ishwasyam Congress
10    RAJESH SINGH BAGHEL    M    41    Gondvana Gantantra Party
11    SHOBHNATH SEN    M    29    Lok Jan Shakti Party
12    SUNDERLAL CHAUDHARI    M    64    Indian Justice Party
13    ASHOK KUMAR KUSHWAHA    M    33    Independent
14    ASHOK KUSHWAHA    M    28    Independent
15    CHHOTELAL    M    59    Independent
16    BHAIYALAL URMALIYA    M    62    Independent
17    MANISH KUMAR JAIN    M    31    Independent
18    MUNNI KRANTI    F    44    Independent
19    RAMVISHWAS BASORE    M    38    Independent
20    RAM SAJIVAN    M    46    Independent
21    RAMAYAN CHAUDHARI    M    39    Independent
S12    10    MP    REWA    23-Apr-09    1    CHANDRA MANI TRIPATHI    M    62    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    DEORAJ SINGH PATEL    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    PUSHPRAJ SINGH    M    48    Samajwadi Party
4    SUNDER LAL TIWARI    M    51    Indian National Congress
5    BADRI PRASAD KUSHWAHA    M    47    Apna Dal
6    RAMKISHAN NIRAT (SAKET)    M    32    Republican Party of India (A)
7    RAMAYAN PRASAD PATEL    M    42    Yuva Vikas Party
8    VIMALA SONDHIA    F    53    Lok Jan Shakti Party
9    SALMA    F    33    All India Forward Bloc
10    MD. AKEEL KHAN (BACHCHA BHAI)    M    34    Independent
11    JAIKARAN SAKET    M    48    Independent
12    BRAHMDUTTMISHRA ALIAS CHHOTE MURAITHA    M    46    Independent
13    SUKHENDRA PRATAP    M    44    Independent
14    SUNDAR LAL    M    37    Independent
15    HIRALAL VISHWAKARMA    M    56    Independent
S12    11    MP    SIDHI    23-Apr-09    1    ASHOK KUMAR SHAH    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    INDRAJEET KUMAR    M    61    Indian National Congress
3    GOVIND PRASAD MISHRA    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    MANIK SINGH    M    43    Samajwadi Party
5    LOLAR SINGH URETI    M    29    Gondwana Mukti Sena
6    VEENA SINGH NETI    F    34    Gondvana Gantantra Party
7    BABOOLAL JAISWAL    M    39    Independent
8    MADAN MOHAN JAISWAL (ADVOCATE)    M    36    Independent
9    MAHENDRA BHAIYA (DIKSHIT)    M    42    Independent
10    RAMAKANT PANDEY MALAIHNA    M    63    Independent
11    VEENA SINGH (VEENA DIDI)    F    56    Independent
S12    12    MP    SHAHDOL    23-Apr-09    1    CHANDRA PRATAP SINGH (BABA SAHAB)    M    51    Samajwadi Party
2    NARENDRA SINGH MARAVI    M    29    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    MANOHAR SINGH MARAVI    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    RAJESH NANDINI SINGH    F    52    Indian National Congress
5    SADAN SINGH BHARIA    M    39    Communist Party of India
6    KRISHN PAL SINGH PAVEL    M    29    Lok Jan Shakti Party
7    GANPAT GOND    M    38    Gondwana Mukti Sena
8    RAM RATAN SINGH PAVLE    M    28    Gondvana Gantantra Party
S12    13    MP    JABALPUR    23-Apr-09    1    AZIZ QURESHI    M    64    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    ASHOK KUMAR SHARMA    M    40    Samajwadi Party
3    RAKESH SINGH    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    ADVOCATE RAMESHWAR NEEKHRA    M    61    Indian National Congress
5    MEERCHAND PATEL (KACHHVAHA)    M    63    Republican Party of India
6    RAVI MAHOBIA (KUNDAM)    M    29    Gondvana Gantantra Party
7    RAJKUMARI SINGH    F    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party
8    HARI SINGH MARAVI    M    36    Gondwana Mukti Sena
9    DR. MUKESH MEHROTRA    M    57    Independent
10    RAKESH SONKAR (PRAMUKH DHAI AKSHAR)    M    39    Independent
11    SUNIL PATEL    M    38    Independent
S12    14    MP    MANDLA    23-Apr-09    1    JALSO DHURWEY    F    25    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    FAGGAN SINGH KULASTE    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    BASORI SINGH MASRAM    M    59    Indian National Congress
4    UDAL SINGH DHURWEY    M    35    Loktanrik Sarkar Party
5    JHANK SINGH KUSHRE    M    37    Gondvana Gantantra Party
6    PREM SINGH MARAVI    M    35    Gondwana Mukti Sena
7    BHAGAT SINGH VARKEDE    M    45    Lok Jan Shakti Party
8    MANESHWARI NAIK    F    65    Republican Party of India (A)
9    SUNITA NETI    F    33    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
10    CHANDRA SHEKHAR DHURWEY    M    46    Independent
11    CHAMBAL SING MARAWEE    M    62    Independent
12    DEV SINGH BHALAVI    M    25    Independent
13    SHIVCHARAN UIKEY    M    26    Independent
14    SAHDEO PRASAD MARAVI    M    43    Independent
S12    15    MP    BALAGHAT    23-Apr-09    1    AJAB LAL    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    KISHOR SAMRITE    M    42    Samajwadi Party
3    KANKAR MUNJARE    M    52    Rashtriya Janata Dal
4    K. D. DESHMUKH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    VISHVESHWAR BHAGAT    M    57    Indian National Congress
6    KALPANA GOPAL WASNIK    F    38    Republican Party of India (A)
7    DARBU SINGH UIKEY    M    37    Gondwana Mukti Sena
8    BHAIYA BALKRISHNA    M    53    Gondvana Gantantra Party
9    ADVOCATE AZHAR UL ALIM    M    58    Independent
10    ANJU ASHOK UIKEY    F    34    Independent
11    GOVARDHAN PATLE URF HITLAR    M    75    Independent
12    JITENDRA MESHRAM    M    37    Independent
13    DHANESHWAR LILHARE    M    40    Independent
14    NYAZMIR KHAN    M    32    Independent
15    POORANLAL LODHI    M    37    Independent
16    MANSINGH BISEN    M    59    Independent
17    SANDEEP SANTRAM    M    31    Independent
18    SHRIRAM THAKUR    M    58    Independent
S12    16    MP    CHHINDWARA    23-Apr-09    1    KAMAL NATH    M    62    Indian National Congress
2    MAROT RAO KHAVASE    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RAO SAHEB SHINDE    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    JOGILAL IRPACHI    M    48    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
5    PARDHESHI HARTAPSAH TIRKAM    M    40    Gondwana Mukti Sena
6    BALVEER SINGH YADAV    M    30    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
7    RAMKISHAN PAL    M    62    Republican Party of India (A)
8    SATAP SHA UIKEY    M    35    Gondvana Gantantra Party
9    ABDUL SHAMAD KHAN    M    45    Independent
10    AMRITLAL PATHAK RAGHUVAR    M    70    Independent
11    ASHARAM DEHARIYA    M    33    Independent
12    KAMALNATH (MAYAWADI-PARASIA)    M    31    Independent
13    GANARAM UIKEY    M    53    Independent
14    AZAD CHANDRASHEKHER PANDOLE SAMAJ SEVAK    M    42    Independent
15    JAGDISH BAIS    M    35    Independent
16    TULSIRAM SURYAWANSHI    M    62    Independent
17    DUARAM UIKEY    M    40    Independent
18    DHANPAL BHALAVI    M    35    Independent
19    DHANRAJ JAMBHATKAR    M    37    Independent
20    NARESH KUMAR YUVNATI    M    33    Independent
21    NIKHILESH DHURVEY    M    30    Independent
22    PITRAM UIKEY    M    48    Independent
23    PRAVINDRA NAURATI    M    37    Independent
24    MANMOHAN SHAH BATTI    M    46    Independent
25    R.K. MARKAM    M    28    Independent
26    SHOAIB KHAN    M    44    Independent
27    SUKMAN INVATI    M    42    Independent
28    SUBHASH SHUKLA    M    40    Independent
S12    17    MP    HOSHANGABAD    23-Apr-09    1    UDAY PRATAP SINGH    M    44    Indian National Congress
2    ADV.B.M.KAUSHIK    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    HAJAEE SYID MUEEN UDDIN    M    47    Samajwadi Party
4    RAMPAL SINGH    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    DINESH KUMAR AHIRWAR    M    42    Independent
6    BHARAT KUMAR CHOUREY    M    29    Independent
7    MOHAMMD ABDULLA    M    54    Independent
8    RAKHI GUPTA    F    31    Independent
9    RAMPAL    M    62    Independent
10    SUDAMA PRASAD    M    55    Independent
S12    18    MP    VIDISHA    23-Apr-09    1    DR.PREMSHANKAR SHARMA    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    CHOUDHARY MUNABBAR SALIM    M    50    Samajwadi Party
3    SUSHMA SWARAJ    F    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    BHAI MUNSHILAL SILAWAT    M    25    Republican Party of India (A)
5    RAMGOPAL MALVIYA    M    35    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
6    HARBHAJAN JANGRE    M    33    Lok Jan Shakti Party
7    GANESHRAM LODHI    M    44    Independent
8    RAJESHWAR SINGH YADAV (RAO)    M    39    Independent
S12    19    MP    BHOPAL    23-Apr-09    1    ER. ASHOK NARAYAN SINGH    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    KAILASH JOSHI    M    79    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    MHOD. MUNAWAR KHAN KAUSAR    M    44    Samajwadi Party
4    SURENDRA SINGH THAKUR    M    55    Indian National Congress
5    ASHOK PAWAR    M    47    Prajatantrik Samadhan Party
6    AHIRWAR LAKHANLAL PURVI    M    42    Republican Party of India (A)
7    KARAN KUMAR KAROSIA URF KARAN JEEJA    M    41    Gondvana Gantantra Party
8    RADHESHYAM KULASTE    M    38    Gondwana Mukti Sena
9    RAMDAS GHOSLE    M    54    Republican Party of India (Democratic )
10    SANJEEV SINGHAL    M    42    Savarn Samaj Party
11    ANIL SINGH    M    30    Independent
12    AMAR SINGH    M    72    Independent
13    KAPIL DUBEY    M    37    Independent
14    D. C. GUJARKAR    M    52    Independent
15    DARSHAN SINGH RATHORE    M    53    Independent
16    BRAJENDRA CHATURVEDI URF GAPPU CHATURVEDI    M    35    Independent
17    DR. MAHESH YADAV ‘AMAN GANDHI’    M    40    Independent
18    MUKESH SEN    M    32    Independent
19    MEHDI SIR    M    30    Independent
20    RAJESH KUMAR YADAV    M    42    Independent
21    RAM SAHAY YATRI (SHRIVASTAVA) URF RASHTRAVADI YATRI    M    79    Independent
22    SHAHNAWAZ    M    59    Independent
23    SHIV NARAYAN SINGH BAGWARE    M    60    Independent
S12    29    MP    BETUL    23-Apr-09    1    OJHARAM EVANE    M    54    Indian National Congress
2    JYOTI DHURVE    F    43    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RAMA KAKODIA    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    DR. SUKHDEV SINGH CHOUHAN    M    42    Samajwadi Party
5    KALLUSINGH UIKEY    M    59    Gondwana Mukti Sena
6    KADMU SINGH KUMARE (K.S.KUMARE)    M    59    Gondvana Gantantra Party
7    GULABRAV    M    53    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
8    MANGAL SINGH LOKHANDE    M    51    Samajwadi Jan Parishad
9    SUSHILKUMAR ALIS BALUBHAIYYA    M    39    Republican Party of India (A)
10    IMRATLAL MARKAM    M    58    Independent
11    KAMAL SING    M    45    Independent
12    KADAKSHING VADIVA    M    27    Independent
13    KRISHNA GOPAL PARTE    M    35    Independent
14    MOTIRAM MAVASE    M    48    Independent
15    ADHIVAKTA SHANKAR PENDAM    M    66    Independent
16    SUNIL KUMAR KAWADE    M    27    Independent
S13    1    MH    NANDURBAR    23-Apr-09    1    GAVIT MANIKRAO HODLYA    M    75    Indian National Congress
2    NATAWADKAR SUHAS JYANT    M    48    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    PADVI BABITA KARMSINGH    F    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    KOKANI MANJULABAI SAKHARAM    F    59    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
5    GAVIT SHARAD KRUSHNRAO    M    46    Samajwadi Party
6    ABHIJIT AATYA VASAVE    M    30    Independent
7    KOLI RAJU RAMDAS    M    34    Independent
S13    2    MH    DHULE    23-Apr-09    1    AMARISHBHAI RASIKLAL PATEL    M    56    Indian National Congress
2    RIZWAN MO.AKBAR    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SONAWANE PRATAP NARAYANRAO    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    ANIL ANNA GOTE    M    61    Loksangram
5    ANSARI MOHD. ISMAIL MOHD. IBRAHIM    M    37    Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh
6    ARIF AHMED SHAIKH JAFHAR    M    99    Navbharat Nirman Party
7    KAVAYATRI-SONKANYA THAKUR RAJANI BAGWAN    F    49    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
8    NIHAL AHMED MOLVI. MOHAMMED USMAN    M    81    Janata Dal (Secular)
9    MD. ISMAIL JUMMAN    M    49    Independent
10    KISHOR PITAMBAR AHIRE    M    28    Independent
11    GAZI ATEZAD AHMED MUBEEN AHMED KHAN    M    57    Independent
12    GAIKWAD PATIL BHUSHAN BAJIRAO    M    28    Independent
13    DADASO. PANDITRAO PATIL KOKALEKAR    M    55    Independent
14    SHEVALE PATIL SANDEEP JIBHAU    M    31    Independent
15    SONAWANE PANDIT UTTAMRAO    M    42    Independent
S13    3    MH    JALGAON    23-Apr-09    1    A.T. NANA PATIL    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    ADV. MATIN AHMED    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    ADV. VASANTRAO JIVANRAO MORE    M    63    Nationalist Congress Party
4    ATMARAM SURSING JADHAV (ENGG.)    M    33    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
5    JADHAV NATTHU SHANKAR    M    56    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
6    JANGALU DEVRAM SHIRSATH    M    65    Hindustan Janta Party
7    NANNAWARE CHAITANYA PANDIT    M    33    Prabuddha Republican Party
8    LAXMAN SHIVAJI SHIRSATH (PATIL)    M    42    Krantisena Maharashtra
9    ANIL PITAMBAR WAGH (SIR)    M    38    Independent
10    KANTILAL CHHAGAN NAIK (BANJARA)    M    39    Independent
11    WAGH SUDHAKAR ATMARAM    M    26    Independent
12    SHALIGRAM SHIVRAM MAHAJAN (DEORE)    M    49    Independent
13    SALIMODDIN ISAMODDIN SHE.(MISTARI)    M    56    Independent
S13    4    MH    RAVER    23-Apr-09    1    PATIL SURESH CHINDHU    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    ADV. RAVINDRA PRALHADRAO PATIL    M    54    Nationalist Congress Party
3    HARIBHAU MADHAV JAWALE    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    TELI SHAIKH ISMAIL HAJI HASAN    M    57    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
5    BAPU SAHEBRAO SONAWANE    M    45    Prabuddha Republican Party
6    MARATHE BHIMRAO PARBAT    M    51    Krantisena Maharashtra
7    SHIVAVEER DNYANESHWAR VITTHAL AMALE URPH AMALE SARKAR    M    26    Shivrajya Party
8    IQBAL ALAUDDIN TADVI    M    41    Independent
9    UTTAM KASHIRAM INGALE    M    36    Independent
10    KOLI SANTOSH GOKUL    M    25    Independent
11    FIRKE SURESH KACHARU EX ACP (CRPF)    M    58    Independent
12    MAKBUL FARID SK.    M    36    Independent
13    MOHD. MUNAWWAR MOHD. HANIF    M    45    Independent
14    MORE HIRAMAN BHONAJI    M    41    Independent
15    D.D. WANI (PHOTOGRAPHER) (DYNESHWAR DIWAKAR WANI)    M    43    Independent
16    VIVEK SHARAD PATIL    M    41    Independent
17    SHAIKH RAMJAN SHAIKH KARIM    M    40    Independent
18    SUJATA IBRAHIM TADAVI    F    45    Independent
19    SANJAY PRALADH KANDELKAR    M    34    Independent
S13    18    MH    JALNA    23-Apr-09    1    DR. KALE KALYAN VAIJINATHRAO    M    46    Indian National Congress
2    DANVE RAOSAHEB DADARAO    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RATHOD RAJPALSINH GABRUSINH    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    AAPPASAHEB RADHAKISAN KUDHEKAR    M    29    Krantisena Maharashtra
5    KISAN BALVANTA BORDE    M    61    Prabuddha Republican Party
6    KHARAT ASHOK RAMRAO    M    51    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
7    TAWAR KAILAS BHAUSAHEB    M    45    Swatantra Bharat Paksha
8    DR. DILAWAR MIRZA BAIG    M    29    Indian Union Muslim League
9    BHOJNE BABASAHEB SANGAM    M    37    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
10    MISAL TUKARAM BABURAOJI    M    48    Samajwadi Party
11    RATNAPARKHE ARCHANA SUDHAKAR    F    31    Republician Party of India Ektawadi
12    SUBHASH FAKIRA SALVE    M    43    Ambedkar National Congress
13    SAYYAD MAKSUD NOOR    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party
14    KOLTE MANOJ NEMINATH    M    26    Independent
15    KHANDU HARISHCHANDRA LAGHANE    M    30    Independent
16    NADE DNYANESHWAR DAGDU    M    41    Independent
17    BABASAHEB PATIL SHINDE    M    53    Independent
18    SONWANE ASHOK VITTHAL    M    45    Independent
19    S. HUSAIN AHEMAD    M    37    Independent
S13    19    MH    AURANGABAD    23-Apr-09    1    UTTAMSINGH RAJDHARSINGH PAWAR    M    58    Indian National Congress
2    CHANDRAKANT KHAIRE    M    57    Shivsena
3    SAYYED SALIM SAYYED YUSUF    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    JAHAGIRDAR MOHMAD AYUB GULAM    M    55    Samajwadi Party
5    JYOTI RAMCHANDRA UPADHAYAY    F    35    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
6    PANDURANG WAMANRAO NARWADE    M    39    Prabuddha Republican Party
7    BHIMSEN RAMBHAU KAMBLE    M    44    Republician Party of India Ektawadi
8    MANIK RAMU SHINDE    M    34    Krantisena Maharashtra
9    SHAIKH HARUN MALIK SAHEB    M    50    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
10    UTTAM MANIK KIRTIKAR    M    30    Independent
11    EJAZ KHAN BISMILLAH KHAN    M    33    Independent
12    KAZI MUSHIRODDIN TAJODDIN    M    63    Independent
13    KRISHNA DEVIDAS JADHAV    M    25    Independent
14    JADHAV TOTARAM GANPAT    M    51    Independent
15    JADHAV VISHNU SURYABHAN    M    50    Independent
16    JADHAV SUBHASH RUPCHAND    M    33    Independent
17    BANKAR MILIND RANUJI    M    38    Independent
18    SHANTIGIRIJI MOUNGIRIJI MAHARAJ    M    50    Independent
19    SHAIKH RAFIQ SHAIKH RAZZAK    M    30    Independent
20    SHAIKH SALIM PATEL WAHEGAONKAR    M    38    Independent
21    SAYYED RAUF SAYYED ZAMIR    M    54    Independent
22    SUBHASH KISANRAO PATIL (JADHAV)    M    47    Independent
S13    20    MH    DINDORI    23-Apr-09    1    GAVIT JEEVA PANDU    M    60    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    GANGURDE DIPAK SHANKAR    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    CHAVAN HARISHCHANDRA DEORAM    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    ZIRWAL NARHARI SITARAM    M    50    Nationalist Congress Party
5    PAWAR SAMPAT WAMAN    M    30    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
6    GANGURDE BALU KISAN    M    37    Independent
7    BHIKA HARISING BARDE    M    75    Independent
8    VIJAY NAMDEO PAWAR    M    45    Independent
9    SHANKAR DEORAM GANGUDE    M    51    Independent
S13    21    MH    NASHIK    23-Apr-09    1    GAIKWAD DATTA NAMDEO    M    47    Shivsena
2    SAMEER BHUJBAL    M    35    Nationalist Congress Party
3    SHRIMAHANT SUDHIRDAS MAHARAJ    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    KAILAS MADHUKAR CHAVAN    M    28    Indian Justice Party
5    GODSE HEMANT TUKARAM    M    38    Maharashtra Navnirman sena
6    JADHAV NAMDEO BHIKAJI    M    57    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
7    RAYATE VIJAY SAKHARAM ( RAYATE SIR)    M    52    Hindustan Janta Party
8    AD. GULVE RAMNATH SANTUJI    M    42    Independent
9    DATTU GONYA GAIKWAD    M    50    Independent
10    PRAVINCHANDRA DATTARAM DETHE    M    42    Independent
11    BHARAT HIRMAN PARDESHI    M    37    Independent
12    RAJENDRA SAMPATRAO KADU    M    35    Independent
S13    32    MH    RAIGAD    23-Apr-09    1    ANANT GEETE    M    58    Shivsena
2    BARRISTER A.R. ANTULAY    M    80    Indian National Congress
3    MOHITE KIRAN BABURAO    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    EKANATH ARJUN PATIL    M    48    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
5    ADV. PRAVIN MADHUKAR THAKUR    M    39    Independent
6    DR. SIDDHARTH PATIL    M    54    Independent
7    SUNIL BHASKAR NAIK    M    51    Independent
S13    33    MH    MAVAL    23-Apr-09    1    PANSARE AZAM FAKEERBHAI    M    48    Nationalist Congress Party
2    BABAR GAJANAN DHARMSHI    M    66    Shivsena
3    MISHRA UMAKANT RAMESHWAR    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    AYU. DEEPALI NIVRUTTI CHAVAN    F    35    Prabuddha Republican Party
5    PRADIP PANDURANG KOCHAREKAR    M    49    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
6    ADV.SHIVSHANKAR DATTATRAY SHINDE    M    31    Krantisena Maharashtra
7    ISHWAR DATTATRAY JADHAV    M    46    Independent
8    JAGANNATH PANDURANG KHARGE    M    38    Independent
9    DOLE BHIMRAJ NIVRUTTI    M    38    Independent
10    ADVOCATE TUKARAM WAMANRAO BANSODE    M    64    Independent
11    TANTARPALE GOPAL YASHWANTRAO    M    43    Independent
12    ADVOCATE PRAMOD MAHADEV GORE    M    56    Independent
13    BHAPKAR MARUTI SAHEBRAO    M    38    Independent
14    MAHENDRA PRABHAKAR TIWARI    M    41    Independent
15    BRO. MANUAL DESOZA    M    45    Independent
16    YASHWANT NARAYAN DESAI    M    42    Independent
17    SHAKEEL RAJBHAI SHAIKH    M    38    Independent
18    HARIBHAU DADAJI SHINDE    M    70    Independent
S13    34    MH    PUNE    23-Apr-09    1    ANIL SHIROLE    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    KALMADI SURESH    M    64    Indian National Congress
3    D S K ALIAS D.S.KULKARNI    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    ARUN BHATIA    M    66    Peoples Guardian
5    GULAB TATYA WAGHMODE    M    47    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
6    BAGBAN JAVED KASIM    M    26    Indian Union Muslim League
7    VIKRAMADITYA OMPRAKASH DHIMAN    M    40    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
8    VINOD ANAND SINH    M    55    Proutist Sarva Samaj Party
9    SHIROLE RANJEET SHRIKANT    M    32    Maharashtra Navnirman sena
10    SAVITA HAJARE    F    46    Pyramid Party of India
11    SANGHARSH ARUN APTE    M    28    Prabuddha Republican Party
12    AJAY VASANT PAITHANKAR    M    49    Independent
13    ADAGALE BHAUSAHEB RAMCHANDRA    M    48    Independent
14    ASHOK GANPAT PALKHE ALIAS SUTAR    M    45    Independent
15    KAMTAM ISWAR SAMBHAYYA    M    67    Independent
16    KULKARNI KAUSTUBH SHASHIKANT    M    26    Independent
17    KHAN AMANULLA MOHMOD AL    M    55    Independent
18    KHAN NISSAR TAJ AHMAD    M    44    Independent
19    P. K. CHAVAN    M    80    Independent
20    CHOUDHARI SUNIL GULABRAO    M    41    Independent
21    CHOURE VILAS CHINTAMAN    M    45    Independent
22    TATYA ALIAS NARAYAN SHANKAR WAMBHIRE    M    51    Independent
23    TAMBOLI SHABBIR SAJJANBHAI    M    52    Independent
24    DATTATRAYA GANESH TALGERI    M    61    Independent
25    BAGADE SACHIN MARUTI    M    29    Independent
26    BALU ALIAS ANIL SHIROLE    M    28    Independent
27    BHARAT MANOHAR GAVALI    M    65    Independent
28    BHAGWAT RAGHUNATH KAMBLE    M    35    Independent
29    RAJENDRA BHAGAT ALIAS JITU BHAI    M    29    Independent
30    VIKRAM NARENDRA BOKE    M    53    Independent
31    SHINDE RAJENDRA BABURAO    M    44    Independent
32    SHAIKH ALTAF KARIM    M    48    Independent
33    SHRIKANT MADHUSUDAN JAGTAP    M    33    Independent
34    SARDESAI KISHORKUMAR RAGHUNATH    M    42    Independent
35    ADV.SUBHASH NARHAR GODSE    M    59    Independent
36    SANTOSH ALIAS SOMNATH KALU PAWAR    M    38    Independent
S13    35    MH    BARAMATI    23-Apr-09    1    KUDALEPATIL VIVEK ANANT    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    KANTA JAYSING NALAWADE    F    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    SUPRIYA SULE    F    39    Nationalist Congress Party
4    MAYAWATI AMAR CHITRE    F    31    Bharatiya Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh
5    SHELAR SANGEETA PANDURANG    F    33    Krantisena Maharashtra
6    SACHIN VITTHAL AHIRE    M    29    Prabuddha Republican Party
7    SAMPAT MARUTI TAKALE    M    54    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
8    GHORPADE SAVEETA ASHOK    F    29    Independent
9    TATYA ALIAS NARAYAN SHANKAR WAMBHIRE    M    51    Independent
10    TANTARPALE GOPAL YESHWANTRAO    M    43    Independent
11    DEEPAK SHANKAR BHAPKAR    M    26    Independent
12    BHIMA ANNA KADALE    M    31    Independent
13    MRUNALEENI JAYRAJ KAKADE    F    34    Independent
14    YOGESH SONABA RANDHEER    M    39    Independent
15    SHIVAJI JAYSING KOKARE    M    58    Independent
16    SURESH BABURAO VEER    M    62    Independent
17    SANGITA SHRIMAN BHUMKAR    F    30    Independent
S13    36    MH    SHIRUR    23-Apr-09    1    ADHALRAO SHIVAJI DATTATRAY    M    52    Shivsena
2    ZAGADE YASHWANT SITARAM    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    VILAS VITHOBA LANDE    M    47    Nationalist Congress Party
4    PALLAVI MOHAN HARSHE    F    27    Prabuddha Republican Party
5    SHELAR DNYANOBA SHRIPATI    M    57    Republican Presidium Party of India
6    SURESH MULCHAND KANKARIA (MAMA)    M    57    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
7    ABHANG KONDIBHAU BHIMAJI    M    48    Independent
8    KARANDE CHANGDEO NAMDEO    M    43    Independent
9    KALURAM RAGHUNATH TAPKIR    M    52    Independent
10    RAM DHARMA DAMBALE    M    37    Independent
11    LANDE VILAS MHATARBA    M    37    Independent
S13    37    MH    AHMADNAGAR    23-Apr-09    1    KARDILE SHIVAJI BHANUDAS    M    50    Nationalist Congress Party
2    KARBHARI WAMAN SHIRSAT ALIAS K.V. SHIRSAT    M    65    Communist Party of India
3    GADAKH TUKARAM GANGADHAR    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    GANDHI DILIPKUMAR MANSUKHLAL    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    KAZI SAJID MUJIR    M    41    Republician Party of India Ektawadi
6    HAKE BHANUDAS KISAN    M    55    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
7    HOLE BHANUDAS NAMDEO    M    48    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
8    ARUN KAHAR    M    45    Independent
9    AVINASH MALHARRAO GHODAKE    M    40    Independent
10    KHAIRE ARJUN DEORAO    M    39    Independent
11    GAIKWAD BALASAHEB RAMCHANDRA    M    35    Independent
12    NAUSHAD ANSAR SHAIKH    F    39    Independent
13    PROF. MAHENDRA DADA SHINDE    M    29    Independent
14    RAUT EKNATH BABASAHEB    M    56    Independent
15    RAJIV APPASAHEB RAJALE    M    39    Independent
S13    38    MH    SHIRDI    23-Apr-09    1    KACHARU NAGU WAGHMARE    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    WAKCHOURE BHAUSAHEB RAJARAM    M    59    Shivsena
3    ATHAWALE RAMDAS BANDU    M    52    Republican Party of India
4    DHOTRE SUCHIT CHINTAMANI    M    25    Krantisena Maharashtra
5    SATISH BALASAHEB PALGHADMAL    M    26    Prabuddha Republican Party
6    ADHAGALE RAJENDRA NAMDEV    M    39    Independent
7    KAMBALE RAMESH ANKUSH    M    32    Independent
8    GAIKWAD APPASAHEB GANGADHAR    M    64    Independent
9    BAGUL BALU DASHARATH    M    34    Independent
10    MEDHE PRAFULLAKUMAR MURLIDHAR    M    46    Independent
11    RAKSHE ANNASAHEB EKNATH    M    43    Independent
12    RUPWATE PREMANAND DAMODHAR    M    65    Independent
13    LODHE SHARAD LAXAMAN    M    42    Independent
14    WAGH GANGADHAR RADHAJI    M    60    Independent
15    VAIRAGHAR SUDHIR NATHA    M    38    Independent
16    SABALE ANIL DAMODHAR    M    40    Independent
17    SANDIP BHASKAR GOLAP    M    29    Independent
S13    39    MH    BEED    23-Apr-09    1    KOKATE RAMESH BABURAO (ADASKAR)    M    42    Nationalist Congress Party
2    MASKE MACHHINDRA BABURAO    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    MUNDE GOPINATHRAO PANDURANG    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    KHALGE KACHRU SANTRAMJI    M    48    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
5    GURAV KALYAN BHANUDAS    M    62    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
6    TATE ASHOK SANTRAM    M    50    Ambedkarist Republican Party
7    NIKALJE SHEELATAI MAHENDRA    F    34    Prabuddha Republican Party
8    PRAMOD ALIAS PARMESHWAR SAKHARAM MOTE    M    32    Krantisena Maharashtra
9    BABURAO NARAYANRAO KAGADE    M    63    Ambedkar National Congress
10    DR. SHIVAJIRAO KISANRAO SHENDGE    M    39    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
11    KAMAL KONDIRAM NIMBALKAR    F    39    Independent
12    KAMBLE DEEPAK DYANOBA    M    32    Independent
13    KHAN SIKANDAR KHAN HUSSAIN KHAN    M    58    Independent
14    GUJAR KHAN MIRZA KHAN    M    28    Independent
15    ADV.NATKAR RAMRAO SHESHRAO    M    61    Independent
16    PATHAN GAFARKHAN JABBARKHAN    M    42    Independent
17    MAHAMMAD AKARAM MAHAMMAD SALIMUDDIN BAGWAN    M    34    Independent
18    RAMESH VISHVANATH KOKATE    M    32    Independent
19    SAYYED MINHAJ ALI WAJED ALI (PENDKHJUR WALE)    M    34    Independent
20    SAYYED SALIM FATTU    M    47    Independent
21    SARDAR KHAN SULTANABABA    M    26    Independent
S13    40    MH    OSMANABAD    23-Apr-09    1    GAIKWAD RAVINDRA VISHWANATH    M    49    Shivsena
2    DIVAKAR YASHWANT NAKADE    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    PATIL PADAMSINHA BAJIRAO    M    68    Nationalist Congress Party
4    JAGTAP BHAGWAN DADARAO    M    70    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
5    TARKASE DHANANJAY MURLIDHAR    M    34    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
6    TAWADE PRAKASH TANAJIRAO    M    28    Krantisena Maharashtra
7    BANSODE GUNDERAO SHIVRAM    M    73    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
8    BABA FAIJODDIN SHAIKH    M    28    Nelopa(United)
9    BHOSLE REVAN VISHWANATH    M    45    Janata Dal (Secular)
10    MUJAWAR SHAHABUDDIN NABIRASUL    M    37    Prabuddha Republican Party
11    RAJENDRA RANDITRAO HIPPERGEKAR    M    38    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
12    ANGARSHA SALIM BABULAL    M    62    Independent
13    GAIKWAD UMAJI PANDURANG    M    39    Independent
14    CHAVAN BABU VITHOBA    M    40    Independent
15    CHANDANE PINTU PANDURANG    M    35    Independent
16    DADASAHEB SHANKARRAO JETITHOR    M    50    Independent
17    NITURE ARUN BHAURAO    M    38    Independent
18    PATEL HASHAM ISMAIL    M    55    Independent
19    PAWAR HARIDAS MANIKRAO    M    35    Independent
20    PATIL MAHADEO DNYANDEO    M    50    Independent
21    BALAJI BAPURAO TUPSUNDARE    M    37    Independent
22    ADV. BHAUSAHEB ANIL BELURE (BEMBLIKAR)    M    29    Independent
23    MUNDHE PATRIL PADAMSINHA VIJAYSINHA    M    29    Independent
24    YEVATE-PATIL SHRIMANT    M    55    Independent
25    SANDIPAN RAMA ZOMBADE    M    41    Independent
S13    41    MH    LATUR    23-Apr-09    1    AAWALE JAYWANT GANGARAM    M    99    Indian National Congress
2    GAIKWAD SUNIL BALIRAM    M    99    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    ADV. BABASAHEB SADSHIVRAO GAIKWAD    M    99    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    ARAK ASHOK VIKRAM    M    99    Krantisena Maharashtra
5    V.K. ACHARYA    M    99    Prabuddha Republican Party
6    T.M. KAMBLE    M    99    Republican Party of India (Democratic )
7    GANNE TUKARAM RAMBHAU    M    99    Jan Surajya Shakti
8    BANSODE RAGHUNATH WAGHOJI    M    99    Peoples Republican Party
9    BABURAO SATYAWAN POTHHARE    M    99    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
10    RAMKUMAR RAIWADIKAR    M    99    Samajwadi Jan Parishad
11    SHRIKANT RAMRAO JEDHE    M    99    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
12    SUSANE ATUL GANGARAM    M    99    Ambedkarist Republican Party
13    SAHEBRAO HARIBHAU WAGHMARE    M    99    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
14    AAWCHARE VIJAYKUMAR BABRUWAN    M    99    Independent
15    KAMBLE BANSILAL RAMCHANDRA    M    99    Independent
16    NILANGAEKAR AVINASH MADHUKARRAO    M    99    Independent
17    MANE GAJANAN PANDURANG    M    99    Independent
18    SANJAY KABIRDAS GAIKWAD    M    99    Independent
S13    42    MH    SOLAPUR    23-Apr-09    1    GAIKWAD PRAMOD RAMCHANDRA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    ADV. BANSODE SHARAD MARUTI    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    SHINDE SUSHILKUMAR SAMBHAJIRAO    M    67    Indian National Congress
4    ADV. KASABEKAR SHRIDHAR LIMBAJI    M    59    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
5    RAJGURU NARAYAN YEDU    M    60    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
6    LAXMIKANT CHANDRAKANT GAIKWAD    M    37    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
7    NARAYANKAR RAJENDRA BABURAO    M    44    Independent
8    NITINKUMAR RAMCHANDRA KAMBLE ALIAS NITIN BANPURKAR    M    37    Independent
9    BANSODE UTTAM BHIMSHA    M    50    Independent
10    BANSODE RAHUL DATTU    M    33    Independent
11    MILIND MAREPPA MULE    M    49    Independent
12    VIKRAM UTTAM KASABE    M    33    Independent
13    VIJAYKUMAR BHAGWANRAO UGHADE    M    38    Independent
S13    43    MH    MADHA    23-Apr-09    1    DESHMUKH SUBHASH SURESHCHANDRA    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    PAWAR SHARADCHANDRA GOVINDRAO    M    68    Nationalist Congress Party
3    RAHUL VITTHAL SARWADE    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    AYU GAIKWAD SATISH SUGRAV    M    28    Prabuddha Republican Party
5    CHAVAN SUBHASH VITTHAL    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
6    MAHADEO JAGANNATH JANKAR    M    40    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
7    RAMCHANDRA NARAYAN KACCHAVE    M    40    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
8    SASTE KAKASAHEB MAHADEO    M    48    Krantisena Maharashtra
9    SOU. NAGMANI KISAN JAKKAN    F    45    Independent
10    DR.M. D. PATIL    M    50    Independent
11    BANSODE BALVEER DAGADU    M    42    Independent
12    BHANUDAS BHAGAWAN DEVAKATE    M    70    Independent
13    DR. MAHADEO ABAJI POL    M    56    Independent
14    SURESH SHAMRAO GHADGE    M    36    Independent
15    DNYANESHWAR VITTHAL AMALE    M    26    Independent
S13    44    MH    SANGLI    23-Apr-09    1    PATEL M.JAVED M. YUSUF    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    PRATIK PRAKASHBAPU PATIL    M    35    Indian National Congress
3    ASHOK DNYANU MANE(BHAU)    M    37    Swatantra Bharat Paksha
4    MANOHAR BALKRISHNA KHEDKAR    M    58    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
5    MAHADEV ANNA WAGHAMARE    M    65    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
6    AJITRAO SHANKARRAO GHORPADE    M    56    Independent
7    ANSARI SHABBIR AHEMED    M    61    Independent
8    GANPATI TUKARAM KAMBLE ALIAS G.T. KAMBLE    M    70    Independent
9    PANDHARE DATTATRAYA PANDURANG    M    51    Independent
10    KAVTHEKAR PRAVIN BHAGWAN KAVTHEKAR ALIAS JIVA MAHALE    M    47    Independent
11    MULANI BALEKHAN USMAN    M    46    Independent
12    VAGARE MARUTI MURA    M    34    Independent
13    SHAMRAO PIRAJI KADAM    M    64    Independent
14    SIDDESHWAR SHIVAPPA BHOSALE    M    36    Independent
S13    45    MH    SATARA    23-Apr-09    1    CHAVAN PRASHANT VASANT    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    PURUSHOTTAM BAJIRAO JADHAV    M    45    Shivsena
3    BHONSLE SHRIMANT CHH. UDYANRAJE PRATAPSINH    M    43    Nationalist Congress Party
4    BHAUSAHEB GANGARAM WAGH    M    51    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
5    ALNKRITA ABHIJIT AWADE-BICHUKALE    F    29    Independent
S13    46    MH    RATNAGIRI – SINDHUDURG    23-Apr-09    1    DR.NILESH NARAYAN RANE    M    28    Indian National Congress
2    PARULEKAR JAYENDRA SHRIPAD    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SURESH PRABHAKAR PRABHU    M    55    Shivsena
4    AJAY ALIAS AABA DADA JADHAV    M    28    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
5    RAJESH PUSUSHOTTAM SURVE    M    41    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
6    VILASRAO KHANVILKAR    M    54    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
7    SIRAJ ABDULLA KAUCHALI    M    60    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
8    KHALAPE AKBAR MAHAMMAD    M    55    Independent
9    SURENDRA BORKAR    M    62    Independent
S13    47    MH    KOLHAPUR    23-Apr-09    1    KAMBLE SUHAS NIVRUTI    M    41    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    CHHATRPATI SAMBHAJIRAJE SHAHU    M    38    Nationalist Congress Party
3    DEVANE VIJAY SHAMRAO    M    50    Shivsena
4    KAMBLE MARUTI RAVELU    M    34    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
5    CHOUGULE BHAI P.T.    M    64    Independent
6    DR. NEELAMBARI RAMESH MANDAPE    F    49    Independent
7    S.R. TATYA PATIL    M    70    Independent
8    BAJRANG KRISHNA PATIL    M    39    Independent
9    MAHAMMADGOUS GULAB NADAF    M    57    Independent
10    SADASHIVRAO MANDLIK DADOBA    M    74    Independent
S13    48    MH    HATKANANGLE    23-Apr-09    1    KANADE ANILKUMAR MAHADEV    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    MANE NIVEDITA SAMBHAJIRAO    F    45    Nationalist Congress Party
3    RAGHUNATH RAMCHANDRA PATIL    M    58    Shivsena
4    PATIL UDAY PANDHARINATH    M    39    Krantisena Maharashtra
5    BABURAO OMANNA KAMBLE    M    61    Rashtriya Samaj Paksha
6    MANE ARVIND BHIVA    M    43    Bharipa Bahujan Mahasangha
7    SHETTI RAJU ALIAS DEVAPPA ANNA    M    41    Swabhimani Paksha
8    ARUN ALIAS SHAM BAJARNAG BUCHADE    M    28    Independent
9    THORAT ANANDRAO TUKARAM    M    46    Independent
10    SURNIKE ANANDRAO VASANTRAO (FOUJI BAPU)    M    48    Independent
S18    4    OR    KEONJHAR    23-Apr-09    1    ANANTA NAYAK    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    DHANURJAYA SIDU    M    43    Indian National Congress
3    YASHBANT NARAYAN SINGH LAGURI    M    38    Biju Janata Dal
4    LACHHAMAN MAJHI    M    42    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
5    DR SUDARSHAN LOHAR    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party
6    CHITTA RANJAN MUNDA    M    37    Independent
7    DR. FAKIR MOHAN NAIK    M    34    Independent
S18    5    OR    MAYURBHANJ    23-Apr-09    1    GAMHA SINGH    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    DROUPADI MURMU    F    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    LAXMAN TUDU    M    47    Biju Janata Dal
4    LAXMAN MAJHI    M    62    Indian National Congress
5    SUDAM MARNDI    M    43    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
6    LAXMISWAR TAMUDIA    M    68    Samajwadi Party
7    SUNDAR MOHAN MAJHI    M    65    Jharkhand Disom Party
8    DEVI PRASANNA BESRA    M    61    Independent
9    NARENDRA HANSDA    M    26    Independent
10    RAMESWAR MAJHI    M    29    Independent
S18    6    OR    BALASORE    23-Apr-09    1    ARUN JENA    M    47    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
2    ARUN DEY    M    63    Nationalist Congress Party
3    MAHAMEGHA BAHAN AIRA KHARABELA SWAIN    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    SHRADHANJALI PRADHAN    F    40    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    SRIKANTA KUMAR JENA    M    58    Indian National Congress
6    DEBASISH RANJAN DASH    M    37    Samruddha Odisha
7    RAKESH RANJAN PATRA    M    27    Jana Hitkari Party
8    GHASIRAM MOHANTA    M    66    Independent
9    LAXIMIKANTA BEHERA    M    51    Independent
S18    7    OR    BHADRAK    23-Apr-09    1    ANANTA PRASAD SETHI    M    58    Indian National Congress
2    ARJUN CHARAN SETHI    M    68    Biju Janata Dal
3    NITYANANDA JENA    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    RATH DAS    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    GOLAK PRASAD MALLIK    M    60    Independent
6    SUSANTA KUMAR JENA    M    31    Independent
S18    8    OR    JAJPUR    23-Apr-09    1    AMIYA KANTA MALLIK    M    50    Indian National Congress
2    PARAMESWAR SETHI    M    40    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    MOHAN JENA    M    52    Biju Janata Dal
4    AJIT KUMAR JENA    M    42    Samruddha Odisha
5    BABULI MALLIK    M    36    Orissa Mukti Morcha
6    BHIMSEN BEHERA    M    44    Jana Hitkari Party
7    UDAYA NATH JENA    M    29    Independent
8    KALANDI MALLIK    M    28    Independent
S18    9    OR    DHENKANAL    23-Apr-09    1    KRISHNA CHANDRA SAHOO    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    CHANDRA SEKHAR TRIPATHY    M    60    Indian National Congress
3    TATHAGATA SATPATHY    M    53    Biju Janata Dal
4    RUDRANARAYAN PANY    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    PRIYABRATA GARNAIK    M    28    Kalinga Sena
S18    14    OR    CUTTACK    23-Apr-09    1    ANADI SAHU    M    68    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    GOPAL CHANDRA KAR    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    BIBHUTI BHUSAN MISHRA    M    57    Indian National Congress
4    BHARTRUHARI MAHTAB    M    51    Biju Janata Dal
5    KAPILA CHARAN MALL    M    72    Bira Oriya Party
6    PRADIP ROUTRAY    M    40    Kalinga Sena
7    DEBANANDA SINGH    M    33    Independent
S18    15    OR    KENDRAPARA    23-Apr-09    1    JNANDEV BEURA    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    RANJIB BISWAL    M    38    Indian National Congress
3    LENIN LENKA    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    BAIJAYANT PANDA    M    45    Biju Janata Dal
5    PRATAP CHANDRA JENA    M    60    Samruddha Odisha
6    PRAVAKAR NAYAK    M    48    Kalinga Sena
7    RAMA KRUSHNA DASH    M    44    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
8    SARAT CHANDRA SWAIN    M    49    Independent
S18    16    OR    JAGATSINGHPUR    23-Apr-09    1    BAIDHAR MALLICK    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    BIBHU PRASAD TARAI    M    42    Communist Party of India
3    BIBHUTI BHUSAN MAJHI    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    RABINDRA KUMAR SETHY    M    54    Indian National Congress
5    AKSHAYA KUMAR SETHI    M    25    Samruddha Odisha
S18    17    OR    PURI    23-Apr-09    1    JITENDRA KUMAR SAHOO    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    DEBENDRA NATH MANSINGH    M    59    Indian National Congress
3    PINAKI MISRA    M    49    Biju Janata Dal
4    BRAJA KISHORE TRIPATHY    M    62    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    KSHITISH BISWAL    M    80    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
6    SABYASACHI MOHAPATRA    M    35    Kalinga Sena
7    PRABHAT KUMAR BADAPANDA    M    42    Independent
S18    18    OR    BHUBANESWAR    23-Apr-09    1    AKSHAYA KUMAR MOHANTY    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    ARCHANA NAYAK    F    43    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    PRASANNA KUMAR PATASANI    M    66    Biju Janata Dal
4    SANTOSH MOHANTY    M    58    Indian National Congress
5    UMA CHARANA MISHRA    M    60    Jana Hitkari Party
6    NABAGHAN PARIDA    M    66    Bira Oriya Party
7    PRAFUL KUMAR SAHOO    M    38    Republican Party of India (A)
8    BASANTA KUMAR BEHERA    M    47    Kalinga Sena
9    BIJAYANANDA MISHRA    M    51    Lok Jan Shakti Party
10    JAGANNATH PRASAD LENKA    M    75    Independent
11    DHIRENDRA SATAPATHY    M    67    Independent
12    PRAMILA BEHERA    F    33    Independent
13    SASTHI PRASAD SETHI    M    47    Independent
S23    1    TR    TRIPURA WEST    23-Apr-09    1    NILMANI DEB    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    KHAGEN DAS    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
3    SUDIP ROY BARMAN    M    45    Indian National Congress
4    SANJIB DEY    M    32    Nationalist Congress Party
5    ARUN CHANDRA BHOWMIK    M    63    All India Trinamool Congress
6    RAKHAL RAJ DATTA    M    60    Amra Bangalee
7    PARTHA KARMAKAR    M    40    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
8    TITU SAHA    M    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
9    BINOY DEB BARMA    M    49    Independent
10    SUBRATA BHOWMIK    M    58    Independent
S23    2    TR    TRIPURA EAST    23-Apr-09    1    PULIN BEHARI DEWAN    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    BAJU BAN RIYAN    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
3    DIBA CHANDRA HRANGKHWAL    M    52    Indian National Congress
4    RITA RANI DEBBARMA    F    51    All India Trinamool Congress
5    KARNA DHAN CHAKMA    M    37    Amra Bangalee
6    FALGUNI TRIPURA    M    42    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
7    RAJESH DEB BARMA    M    34    Independent
8    BINOY REANG    M    34    Independent
9    MEVAR KUMAR JAMATIA    M    40    Independent
S24    37    UP    AMETHI    23-Apr-09    1    ASHEESH SHUKLA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    PRADEEP KUMAR SINGH    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RAHUL GANDHI    M    38    Indian National Congress
4    BHUWAL    M    56    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
5    MOHD.HASAN LAHARI    M    35    Bharatiya Republican Paksha
6    SUNITA    F    26    Mahila Adhikar Party
7    SURYABHAN MAURYA    M    45    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal
8    AAVID HUSSAIN    M    31    Independent
9    OMKAR    M    46    Independent
10    KAPIL DEO    M    30    Independent
11    DILIP    M    36    Independent
12    MIHILAL    M    52    Independent
13    MEET SINGH    M    65    Independent
14    RAMESH CHANDRA    M    30    Independent
15    RAM SHANKER    M    43    Independent
16    SWAMI NATH    M    25    Independent
S24    38    UP    SULTANPUR    23-Apr-09    1    ASHOK PANDEY    M    58    Samajwadi Party
2    MOHD.TAHIR    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SURYA BHAN SINGH    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    DR.SANJAY SINGH    M    55    Indian National Congress
5    ANIL    M    35    Republican Party of India (A)
6    CHOTELAL MAURYA    M    40    Apna Dal
7    MOHD.UMAR    M    42    Peace Party
8    RAKESH    M    25    National Youth Party
9    RAJKUMAR PANDEY    M    36    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
10    TRIVENI PRASAD BHEEM    M    52    Bharatiya Republican Paksha
11    ARVIND KUMAR    M    46    Independent
12    AWADHESH KUMAR    M    30    Independent
13    KRISHNA NARAYAN    M    33    Independent
14    JHINKURAM VISHWAKARMA    M    33    Independent
15    PRAKASH CHANDRA    M    35    Independent
16    HARI NARAYAN    M    70    Independent
S24    39    UP    PRATAPGARH    23-Apr-09    1    KUNWAR AKSHAYA PRATAP SINGH ‘GOPAL JI’    M    41    Samajwadi Party
2    RAJKUMARI RATNA SINGH    F    49    Indian National Congress
3    LAKSHMI NARAIN PANDEY ‘GURU JI’    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    PROF. SHIVAKANT OJHA    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    ATIQ AHAMAD    M    46    Apna Dal
6    ARUN KUMAR    M    48    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
7    A. RASHID ANSARI    M    54    Momin Conference
8    RAJESH    M    36    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
9    ATUL DWIVEDI    M    29    Independent
10    UDHAV RAM    M    53    Independent
11    CHHANGALAL    M    56    Independent
12    JITENDRA PRATAP SINGH    M    40    Independent
13    DINESH PANDEY ALIAS D.K. PANDEY    M    34    Independent
14    BADRI PRASAD    M    48    Independent
15    MUNEESHWAR SINGH    M    65    Independent
16    RAMESH KUMAR    M    31    Independent
17    RAVINDRA SINGH    M    33    Independent
18    RANI PAL    F    58    Independent
19    RAMMURTI MISHRA    M    36    Independent
20    RAM SAMUJH    M    60    Independent
21    VINOD    M    29    Independent
22    SHIVRAM    M    51    Independent
23    SATRAM    M    42    Independent
S24    48    UP    BANDA    23-Apr-09    1    AMITA BAJPAI    F    39    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    BHAGAWAN DEEN GARG    M    47    Indian National Congress
3    BHAIRON PRASAD MISHRA    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    54    Communist Party of India
5    R. K. SINGH PATEL    M    49    Samajwadi Party
6    ASHOK KUMAR    M    40    Indian Justice Party
7    ANAND YADAV    M    45    United Communist Party of India
8    PARASHU RAM NISHAD    M    45    Apna Dal
9    LALIT KUMAR    M    37    Ambedkar Samaj Party
10    ANSH DHARI    M    29    Independent
11    JAGAN NATH SINGH    M    62    Independent
12    PRAKASH NARAYAN    M    32    Independent
13    BALENDRA NATH    M    38    Independent
14    MANOJ KUMAR    M    30    Independent
15    SHIV KUMAR    M    43    Independent
S24    50    UP    KAUSHAMBI    23-Apr-09    1    GIRISH CHANDRA PASI    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    GAUTAM CHAUDHARY    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RAM NIHOR RAKESH    M    64    Indian National Congress
4    SHAILENDRA KUMAR    M    51    Samajwadi Party
5    UMESH CHANDRA PASI    M    40    Apna Dal
6    GULAB SONKAR    M    45    Indian Justice Party
7    GULAB CHANDRA    M    39    Independent
8    JAGDEO    M    53    Independent
9    MAN SINGH    M    28    Independent
10    RAM SARAN    M    56    Independent
S24    51    UP    PHULPUR    23-Apr-09    1    KAPIL MUNI KARWARIYA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    KARAN SINGH PATEL    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    DHARMARAJ SINGH PATEL    M    50    Indian National Congress
4    SHYAMA CHARAN GUPTA    M    63    Samajwadi Party
5    CHANDRAJEET    M    28    Lok Dal
6    DEVENDRA PRATAP SINGH    M    38    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
7    PRADEEP KUMAR SRIVASTAVA    M    49    Apna Dal
8    LALLAN SINGH    M    35    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party
9    VIJAY KUMAR    M    56    Gondwana Mukti Sena
10    SATISH YADAV    M    34    Indian Justice Party
11    SANJEEV KUMAR MISHRA    M    30    Yuva Vikas Party
12    KRISHNA KUMAR    M    33    Independent
13    DR. NEERAJ    M    43    Independent
14    BHARAT LAL    M    52    Independent
15    DR. MILAN MUKHERJEE    M    67    Independent
16    MUNISHWAR SINGH MAURYA    M    65    Independent
17    RADHIKA PAL    F    34    Independent
18    RADHESHYAM SINGH YADAV    M    72    Independent
19    RAM JANM YADAV    M    31    Independent
20    RAMSHANKAR    M    47    Independent
21    VIRENDRA PAL SINGH    M    66    Independent
22    SHAILENDRA KUMAR PRAJAPATI    M    40    Independent
23    SAMAR BAHADUR SHARMA    M    40    Independent
24    DR. SONE LAL PATEL    M    59    Independent
S24    52    UP    ALLAHABAD    23-Apr-09    1    ASHOK KUMAR BAJPAI    M    58    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    YOGESH SHUKLA    M    39    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    KUNWAR REWATI RAMAN SINGH ALIAS MANI JI    M    65    Samajwadi Party
4    SHYAM KRISHNA PANDEY    M    65    Indian National Congress
5    OM PRAKASH    M    41    Rashtriya Machhua Samaj Party
6    GULAB GRAMEEN    M    47    Lok Dal
7    BIHARI LAL SHARMA    M    54    Apna Dal
8    BAIJAL KUMAR    M    48    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)
9    RAMA KANT    M    47    Indian Justice Party
10    RAJESH PASI    M    32    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party
11    RAM PARIKHAN SINGH    M    59    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
12    VIJAY SHANKAR    M    45    Bahujan Shakty
13    SARFUDDIN    M    32    Nelopa(United)
14    AKBAL MOHAMMD    M    34    Independent
15    AJUG NARAIN    M    33    Independent
16    ABHAY SRIVASTAVA    M    31    Independent
17    KM. KUSUM KUMARI AD    F    45    Independent
18    GOPAL SWROOP JOSHI    M    62    Independent
19    NARENDRA KUMAR TEWARI    M    47    Independent
20    BAJRANG DUTT    M    36    Independent
21    MUNNU PRASAD    M    44    Independent
22    RAVI PRAKASH    M    41    Independent
23    RAKESH KUMAR    M    47    Independent
24    RAJ BALI    M    51    Independent
25    RAM GOVIND    M    46    Independent
26    RAM JEET    M    38    Independent
27    RAM LAL    M    46    Independent
28    KM. SHASHI PANDEY    F    45    Independent
29    DR. MOHD. SALMAN RASHIDI    M    57    Independent
30    SADHNA AGARWAL    F    47    Independent
31    HIRA LAL    M    54    Independent
S24    54    UP    FAIZABAD    23-Apr-09    1    NIRMAL KHATRI    M    58    Indian National Congress
2    BIMLENDRA MOHAN PRATAP MISRA “PAPPU BHAIYA”    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    MITRASEN    M    76    Samajwadi Party
4    LALLU SINGH    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    AJAY KUMAR    M    25    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
6    ATUL KUMAR PANDEY    M    39    The Humanist Party of India
7    AMAR NATH JAISWAL    M    44    Rashtriya Kranti Party
8    GIRISH CHANDRA VERMA    M    32    Apna Dal
9    GULAM SABIR    M    42    Navbharat Nirman Party
10    CHANDRASHEKHAR SINGH    M    36    Bharat Punarnirman Dal
11    NUSRAT QUDDUSI ALIAS BABLOO    M    41    Peace Party
12    MANISH KUMAR PANDEY    M    35    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
13    SAIYYAD MUSHEER AHMED    M    55    Awami Party
14    RAMESH KUMAR RAWAT    M    42    Maulik Adhikar Party
15    SUSHIL KUMAR    M    45    Bharatiya Lok Kalyan Dal
16    ATAURR RAHMAN ANSARI    M    52    Independent
17    AMARNATH VERMA    M    36    Independent
18    DINA NATH PANDEY    M    35    Independent
19    NASREEN BANO    F    38    Independent
20    BALAK RAM ALIAS SHIV BALAK PASI    M    34    Independent
21    RAM DHIRAJ    M    46    Independent
22    SWAMI NATH    M    29    Independent
23    SIYARAM KORI    M    50    Independent
S24    55    UP    AMBEDKAR NAGAR    23-Apr-09    1    RAKESH PANDEY    M    55    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    VINAY KATIYAR    M    49    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    SHANKHLAL MAJHI    M    54    Samajwadi Party
4    DINESH KUMAR RAJBHAR    M    33    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
5    BASANT LAL    M    53    Peace Party
6    BAL MUKUND DHURIYA    M    31    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
7    BHARTHARI    M    44    Bharatiya Republican Paksha
8    MANSHARAM    M    40    Maulik Adhikar Party
9    LALMAN    M    34    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
10    VIJAY KUMAR MAURYA    M    38    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal
11    SANTOSH KUMAR    M    50    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
12    IFTEKHAR AHMAD    M    37    Independent
13    KAILASH KUMAR SHUKLA    M    60    Independent
14    GAYADEEN    M    43    Independent
15    CHANDRA BHUSHAN    M    61    Independent
16    DEO PRASAD MISHRA    M    42    Independent
17    NABAB ALI    M    55    Independent
18    PARASHU RAM    M    49    Independent
19    PATANJALI JAITALI    M    58    Independent
20    RAM SUKH SAHOO    M    50    Independent
21    DR. LAL BAHADUR    M    42    Independent
22    SRIRAM AMBESH    M    61    Independent
S24    57    UP    KAISERGANJ    23-Apr-09    1    MOHD ALEEM    M    46    Indian National Congress
2    BRIJBHUSHAN SARAN SINGH    M    52    Samajwadi Party
3    DR LALTA PRASAD MISHRA ALIS DR L P MISHRA    M    59    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    SURENDRA NATH AWASTHI    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    ZAMEER AHAMAD    M    53    Ambedkar National Congress
6    DAYA RAM    M    41    Peoples Democratic Forum
7    MANOJ KUMAR    M    33    Lok Dal
8    RAM PRAKSH    M    39    Republican Party of India (A)
9    RAMENDER DEV PATHAK    M    60    Peace Party
10    HAFEEZ    M    47    Apna Dal
11    ANOKHI LAL    M    49    Independent
12    OM PRAKASH    M    35    Independent
13    UDAI RAJ    M    52    Independent
14    CHANDRA BHAN    M    42    Independent
15    JAGDISH    M    40    Independent
16    JAGDISH PRASAD    M    38    Independent
17    JITENDRA BAHADUR    M    57    Independent
18    PARAMHANS SINGH    M    33    Independent
19    RAJ KISHORE SINGH    M    38    Independent
20    RADHEYSHYAM BOAT    M    62    Independent
21    RAMFEER ALIS CHUNTI    M    59    Independent
22    VINESH KUMAR    M    32    Independent
23    VIMAL VERMA    M    30    Independent
S24    58    UP    SHRAWASTI    23-Apr-09    1    RIZVAN ZAHEER    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    RUBAB SAIDA    F    58    Samajwadi Party
3    VINAY KUMAR ALIAS VINNU    M    45    Indian National Congress
4    SATYA DEO SINGH    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    ARUN KUMAR    M    33    Ambedkar National Congress
6    KULDEEP    M    44    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
7    RAJESHWAR MISHRA    M    28    Peace Party
8    RAM ADHAR    M    62    Republican Party of India (A)
9    TEJ BAHADUR    M    32    Independent
10    RAM SUDHI    M    38    Independent
11    VINOD KUMAR PANDEY    M    27    Independent
S24    59    UP    GONDA    23-Apr-09    1    DR ACHUTANANDDUBE    M    64    Nationalist Congress Party
2    KIRTI VARDHAN SINGH RAJA BAIYA    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    BENI PRASAD VERMA    M    68    Indian National Congress
4    RAM PRATAP SINGH    M    58    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    VINOD KUMAR SINGH ALIAS PANDIT SINGH    M    42    Samajwadi Party
6    ASHIQ ALI    M    46    Peace Party
7    OM PRAKASH SINGH    M    54    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
8    PREM KUMAR    M    26    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
9    RAJENDRA PRASAD1    M    55    Ambedkar National Congress
10    RAM KEWAL    M    41    Vanchit Jamat Party
11    RAM LOCHAN    M    46    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
12    VIDYA SAGAR    M    36    Apna Dal
13    HARSH VARDHAN PANDEY    M    33    Lok Dal
14    AKILENDRA KUMAR PATHAK    M    34    Independent
15    ANURADHA PATEL    F    42    Independent
16    OM PRAKASH    M    47    Independent
17    GAGNGA DHAR SHUKLA    M    38    Independent
18    DEEPAK    M    31    Independent
19    NARENDRA SINGH    M    34    Independent
20    BAIJNATH    M    30    Independent
21    RAJENDRA PRASAD    M    28    Independent
22    RADHEY SHYAM    M    59    Independent
23    RAM PRASAD    M    61    Independent
24    RAM LAKHAN    M    54    Independent
25    SATYA PRAKASH    M    39    Independent
S24    60    UP    DOMARIYAGANJ    23-Apr-09    1    JAGDAMBIKA PAL    M    59    Indian National Congress
2    JAI PRATAP SINGH    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    MATA PRASAD PANDEY    M    72    Samajwadi Party
4    MOHD. MUQUEEM    M    59    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    INAMULLAH CHAUDHARY    M    66    Peace Party
6    JITENDRA PRATAP SINGH    M    46    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
7    PINGAL PRASAD    M    41    Republican Party of India
8    BALKRISHNA    M    39    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)
9    MUKHDEV    M    41    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
10    RAJDEV    M    35    Bharatiya Eklavya Party
11    RAM SAMUJH    M    41    Bharatiya Jan Berojgar Chhatra Dal
12    RAHUL SANGH PRIYA BHARTI    M    36    Indian Justice Party
13    HARISHANKAR    M    45    Lok Jan Shakti Party
14    MOTILAL VIDHYARTHI    M    59    Independent
15    RAM KRIPAL    M    58    Independent
16    SIRAJ AHAMAD    M    26    Independent
S24    61    UP    BASTI    23-Apr-09    1    ARVIND KUMAR CHAUDHARY    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    BASANT CHAUDHARY    M    43    Indian National Congress
3    RAJ KISHOR SINGH    M    38    Samajwadi Party
4    DR. Y. D. SINGH    M    64    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    OM PRAKASH    M    40    Vanchit Jamat Party
6    DAYASHANKAR PATWA    M    57    Peace Party
7    DALBAG SINGH    M    50    Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)
8    RAM NAYAN PATEL    M    49    Apna Dal
9    VINOD KUMAR RAJBHAR    M    33    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
10    SHIVDAS    M    50    Shoshit Samaj Dal
11    SANJEEV KUMAR NISHAD    M    27    Bahujan Uday Manch
12    SITARAM NISHAD    M    63    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
13    RAM LALAN YADAV    M    36    Independent
14    SHIV POOJAN ARYA    M    52    Independent
15    SATYADEV OJHA    M    70    Independent
16    SATISH CHANDRA SHARMA    M    40    Independent
S24    62    UP    SANT KABIR NAGAR    23-Apr-09    1    KAMLA KANT CHAUDHARY    M    41    Communist Party of India
2    FAZLEY MAHAMOOD    M    41    Indian National Congress
3    BHAL CHANDRA YADAV    M    42    Samajwadi Party
4    BHISMA SHANKAR ALIAS KUSHAL TIWARI    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    SHARAD TRIPATHI    M    35    Bharatiya Janata Party
6    INDRA KUMAR    M    37    Bahujan Uday Manch
7    KRISHNA NAND MISHRA    M    38    All India Minorities Front
8    KHELADI    M    35    Bharatiya Republican Paksha
9    JANTRI LAL    M    37    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
10    PANCHOO BELDAR    M    48    Ambedkar Samaj Party
11    RAJESH SINGH    M    37    Peace Party
12    RAM ACHAL    M    34    Maulik Adhikar Party
13    RAM AVADH NISHAD    M    62    Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
14    LOTAN ALIAS LAUTAN PRASAD    M    47    Shoshit Samaj Dal
15    VINOD RAI    M    38    National Lokhind Party
16    ANJU    F    28    Independent
17    JOOGESH YADAV    M    35    Independent
18    NITYANAND MANI TRIPATHI    M    35    Independent
19    PHOOLDEO    M    49    Independent
20    RAMESH    M    26    Independent
21    VINAY PANDEY    M    31    Independent
22    SHRI BABA RAM CHANDRA    M    52    Independent
23    SUSHILA JIGYASU    F    29    Independent
24    HARISH CHANDRA    M    32    Independent
S24    73    UP    JAUNPUR    23-Apr-09    1    DHANANJAY SINGH    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    PARAS NATH YADAVA    M    54    Samajwadi Party
3    SEEMA    F    37    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    ACHHEYLAL NISHAD    M    61    Nelopa(United)
5    GIRAJA SHANKAR YADAVA    M    49    Gondvana Gantantra Party
6    GEETA SINGH    F    46    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
7    BAHADUR SONKAR    M    48    Indian Justice Party
8    RAVI SHANKAR    M    38    Lok Jan Shakti Party
9    RAJKISHUN    M    26    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party
10    RAJESH S/O RAMESHCHANDRA    M    30    Apna Dal
11    RAJESH S/O RAMYAGYA    M    32    Eklavya Samaj Party
12    RAMCHANDAR    M    52    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal
13    SHEETALA PRASAD    M    51    Revolutionary Socialist Party
14    AJAY KASYAP – GUDDU    M    26    Independent
15    JAGDISH CHANDRA ASTHANA    M    62    Independent
16    TASLEEM AHMED REHMANI    M    45    Independent
S24    78    UP    BHADOHI    23-Apr-09    1    DR. AKHILESH KUMAR DWIVEDI    M    41    Nationalist Congress Party
2    GORAKHNATH    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    CHHOTELAL BIND    M    53    Samajwadi Party
4    DR. MAHENDRA NATH PANDEY    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    SURYMANI TIWARI    M    60    Indian National Congress
6    JAJ LAL    M    47    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
7    NANDLAL    M    56    Vikas Party
8    RAMRATEE BIND    M    74    Apna Dal
9    THAKUR SANTOSH KUMAR    M    27    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
10    SHAHID    M    42    Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party
11    GAURISHANKAR    M    38    Independent
12    JEETENDRA    M    30    Independent
13    TEJ BAHADUR YADAV ADVOCATE    M    56    Independent
S27    1    JH    RAJMAHAL    23-Apr-09    1    CHANDRA SHEKHAR AZAD    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    JYOTIN SOREN    M    59    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
3    THOMAS HASDA    M    58    Rashtriya Janata Dal
4    DEVIDHAN BESRA    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    HEMLAL MURMU    M    54    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
6    AAMELIYA HANSDA    F    29    Revolutionary Socialist Party
7    CHARAN MURMU    M    33    Shivsena
8    DAUD MARANDI    M    25    Samajwadi Party
9    SUKHWA URAON    M    33    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
10    SUNDAR TUDU    M    45    Bharatiya Jagaran Party
11    SOM MARANDI    M    44    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
12    STIPHEN MARANDI    M    55    Jharkhand Jan Morcha
S27    2    JH    DUMKA    23-Apr-09    1    CHURKA TUDU    M    44    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    PASHUPATI KOL    M    29    Communist Party of India
3    RAMESH TUDU    M    34    Rashtriya Janata Dal
4    SHIBU SOREN    M    64    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
5    SUNIL SOREN    M    30    Bharatiya Janata Party
6    ARJUN PUJHAR    M    33    Samajwadi Party
7    NIRMALA MURMU    F    33    Revolutionary Socialist Party
8    PHATIK CHANDRA HEMBRAM    M    64    All Jharkhand Students Union
9    BITIYA MANJHI    F    53    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
10    RAMESH HEMBROM    M    39    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
11    RAMJIVAN DEHRI    M    35    Samata Party
12    KALESHWAR SOREN    M    38    Independent
13    CHARLES MURMU    M    27    Independent
14    NANDLAL SOREN    M    55    Independent
15    PULICE HEMRAM    M    31    Independent
16    BIVISAN PUJHAR    M    50    Independent
17    CYRIL HANSDA    M    63    Independent
18    SONA MURMU    F    56    Independent
19    HOPNA BASKI    M    57    Independent
S27    3    JH    GODDA    23-Apr-09    1    IQBAL DURRANI    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    DURGA SOREN    M    39    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
3    NISHIKANT DUBEY    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    FURKAN ANSARI    M    61    Indian National Congress
5    ASHOK SHARMA    M    39    Jharkhand Party
6    GEETA MANDAL    F    39    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
7    GOVIND LAL MARANDI    M    39    Revolutionary Socialist Party
8    JAWAHAR LAL YADAV    M    31    Lok Jan Shakti Party
9    NANDLAL YADAV    M    39    Samajwadi Party
10    NIRANJAN PRASAD YADAV    M    33    Rashtrawadi Sena
11    PRADEEP YADAV    M    42    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
12    PRADEEP YADAV    M    25    Samata Party
13    BINOD MEHARIA    M    56    Bahujan Shakty
14    RAJ NARAYAN KHAWADE    M    42    AJSU Party
15    SANTOSH KUMAR RAY    M    26    All India Trinamool Congress
16    SURAJ MANDAL    M    61    Jharkhand Vikas Dal
17    JAYSWAL MANJHI    M    38    Independent
18    JAHIR MUSTAKIM    M    35    Independent
19    MANOJ KUMAR MANDAL    M    35    Independent
20    MITHILESH PASWAN    M    38    Independent
21    MD. MOAJJAM ALI CHANCHAL    M    38    Independent
22    SHANKAR PRASAD KESHARI    M    39    Independent
23    SANJEEV KUMAR    M    27    Independent
S27    6    JH    GIRIDIH    23-Apr-09    1    AKLU RAM MAHTO    M    65    Communist Party of India
2    TEKLAL MAHTO    M    57    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
3    BIJAY SINGH    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    RAVINDRA KUMAR PANDEY    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    MD. HIMAYUN ANSARI    M    72    Rashtriya Janata Dal
6    MRINAL KANTI DEV    M    61    Socialist Party (Lohia)
7    RAVINDER MAHTO    M    43    Jharkhand Party (Naren)
8    SHIVA MAHTO    M    75    Marxist Co-Ordination
9    SABA AHMAD    M    62    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
10    INDRA DEV MAHTO    M    45    Independent
11    UMESH RISHI    M    43    Independent
12    NAND KISHOR PRASAD    M    64    Independent
13    BUDDHI NATH TIWARY    M    41    Independent
14    MAHAVIR PRASAD    M    36    Independent
15    MASOOM RAJA ANSARI    M    27    Independent
16    LALOO KEWAT    M    46    Independent
17    SHANKAR RAJAK    M    38    Independent
S27    7    JH    DHANBAD    23-Apr-09    1    CHANDRASHEKHAR DUBEY    M    66    Indian National Congress
2    PASHUPATI NATH SINGH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    SAMARESH SINGH    M    68    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    INDU SINGH    F    32    Samata Party
5    JANARDAN PANDEY    M    56    All India Forward Bloc
6    DIN BANDHU SINGH    M    56    Socialist Party (Lohia)
7    PAWAN KUMAR JHA    M    28    Janata Dal (Secular)
8    PHUL CHAND MANDAL    M    66    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
9    M.K.MANDAL    M    62    Amra Bangalee
10    A.K. ROY    M    72    Marxist Co-Ordination
11    VIDESHI MAHATO    M    54    Jharkhand Vikas Dal
12    VIRENDRA PRADHAN    M    44    Lok Jan Shakti Party
13    SUNIL KUMAR    M    38    Indian Justice Party
14    MD. SULTAN    M    57    Jharkhand Party
15    HAFFIZUDDIN ANSARI    M    51    Samajwadi Party
16    ABDUL MUSTAFA    M    32    Independent
17    KARTIK MAHATO    M    44    Independent
18    JAI PRAKASH SINGH    M    39    Independent
19    JAIRAM SINGH    M    31    Independent
20    JITENDRA KUMAR SINGH    M    36    Independent
21    PHUL CHAND MAHATO    M    40    Independent
22    BAMA PADA BAURI    M    35    Independent
23    MADHUSUDAN RAJHANS    M    44    Independent
24    MANILAL MAHATO    M    27    Independent
25    MANOJ GANDHI    M    29    Independent
26    MANOJ PANDEY    M    29    Independent
27    MUNSI HEMBRAM    M    56    Independent
28    RAVI RANJAN SINHA    M    34    Independent
29    SHANKAR RAWANI    M    42    Independent
30    SALIM KHAN    M    42    Independent
31    SADHUSHARAN GOPE    M    46    Independent
32    SUSHIL KUMAR SINGH    M    57    Independent
S27    8    JH    RANCHI    23-Apr-09    1    RAJENDRA SINGH MUNDA    M    74    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    RAM TAHAL CHAUDHARY    M    66    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    MD. SARFUDDIN    M    46    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SUBODH KANT SAHAY    M    57    Indian National Congress
5    AKHTAR ANSARI    M    53    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
6    AFSAR EMAM    M    48    Jharkhand PeopleÂ’S Party
7    MD. AJAD ANSARI    M    47    National Lokhind Party
8    JIPALAL SINGH MUNDA    M    45    Jharkhand Party (Naren)
9    DAYANAND GUPTA    M    39    Jharkhand Vikas Dal
10    SURENDRA KUMAR SUMAN    M    36    Samata Party
11    ANJANI PANDEY    M    51    Independent
12    AGAM LAL MAHTO    M    34    Independent
13    AFTAB ALAM    M    42    Independent
14    ARTI BEHRA    F    32    Independent
15    UPENDRA PD. SRIVASTAVA    M    65    Independent
16    KESHAV NARAYAN BHAGAT    M    49    Independent
17    KAILASH PAHAN    M    40    Independent
18    JANARDAN TIWARI    M    42    Independent
19    JITENDRA MAHTO    M    27    Independent
20    DEVENDRA THAKUR    M    48    Independent
21    BIRSA HEMBRAM    M    31    Independent
22    RANJEET MAHTO    M    49    Independent
23    RAMPODO MAHTO    M    37    Independent
24    ROSHAN LAL MAHTO    M    28    Independent
25    ROSAN PRASAD    M    25    Independent
26    LAL BABA MASANI    M    65    Independent
S27    9    JH    JAMSHEDPUR    23-Apr-09    1    AJEET KUMAR    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    ARJUN MUNDA    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    SUMAN MAHTO    F    44    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
4    ARVIND KUMAR SINGH    M    47    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
5    ASHOK TRIPATHI    M    44    Samajwadi Party
6    KINKAR GOUR    M    41    Rashtravadi Aarthik Swatantrata Dal
7    KRISHN MURARI MISHRA    M    47    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
8    PARIKSHIT MAHATO    M    43    Lok Jan Shakti Party
9    MUBIN KHAN    M    50    Bahujan Shakty
10    RAJ KAPOOR MAHATO    M    35    Jharkhand Vikas Dal
11    SHARAT MAHATO    M    36    Jharkhand Party (Naren)
12    SHAILENDRA MAHTO    M    55    All Jharkhand Students Union
13    SHYAM NARAYAN SINGH    M    50    All India Trinamool Congress
14    SANDIP PAUL    M    43    Jharkhand Party
15    DR. SUNARAM HANSDA    M    41    Jharkhand Disom Party
16    HEMANT SINGH    M    37    Amra Bangalee
17    KRISHNA PRASAD    M    40    Independent
18    JOSAI MARDI    M    31    Independent
19    DILIP KALINDI    M    44    Independent
20    DILIP TUDU    M    41    Independent
21    PARAS NATH PRASAD    M    56    Independent
22    RAKESH KUMAR    M    30    Independent
23    RAJIV CHANDRA MAHATO    M    27    Independent
24    RAM CHANDRA PRASAD GUPTA    M    49    Independent
25    VICTOR A. LAZARUS    M    60    Independent
26    SITARAM TUDU    M    61    Independent
S27    10    JH    SINGHBHUM    23-Apr-09    1    BARKUWAR GAGRAI    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    BAGUN SUMBRUI    M    82    Indian National Congress
3    HIKIM CHANDRA TUDU    M    39    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    PREM SINGH MUNDRI    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
5    MANGAL SINGH BOBONGA    M    42    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
6    SUKH RAM JONKO    M    62    Jharkhand Disom Party
7    ASHOK KUMAR TIU    M    47    Independent
8    MADHU KORA    M    38    Independent
9    HIKIM SOREN    M    46    Independent
S04    11    BR    KATIHAR    30-Apr-09    1    NIKHIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    MUNNI DEVI    F    35    Independent
3    SHAH TARIQ ANWAR    M    58    Nationalist Congress Party
4    MADAN MOHAN NISHAD    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    MANOJ PARASAR    M    44    Jan Samanta Party
6    PHOOLO DEVI    F    40    Independent
7    AHMAD ASHFAQUE KARIM    M    53    Lok Jan Shakti Party
8    SUNIL KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    39    Independent
9    MOHAMMAD HAMID MUBARAK    M    33    Independent
10    SHOBHA DEVI    F    40    Independent
11    MAHBOOB ALAM    M    52    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
12    HIMRAJ SINGH    M    49    Independent
13    RAJESH GURNANI    M    38    Loktantrik Samata Dal
14    RAJGIRI SINGH    M    53    Independent
15    OM PRAKASH PODDAR    M    38    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal
16    MANENDRA KUMAR    M    38    Independent
17    BHOLA NATH KEWAT    M    60    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
18    CHANDU MURMU    M    43    Jharkhand Disom Party
19    SHIV PUJAN PASWAN    M    31    Buddhiviveki Vikas Party
20    SHAMBHU ROY    M    38    Independent
21    NITESH KUMAR CHOUDHARY    M    31    Independent
22    BABU LAL MARANDI    M    33    Independent
23    KISHAN LAL AGRAWAL    M    32    Independent
S04    13    BR    MADHEPURA    30-Apr-09    1    VINOD KUMAR JHA    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    OM PRAKASH NARAYAN    M    44    Communist Party of India
3    TARA NAND SADA    M    52    Indian National Congress
4    PROF RAVINDRA CHARAN YADAV    M    49    Rashtriya Janata Dal
5    SHARAD YADAV    M    61    Janata Dal (United)
6    RAJO SAH    M    30    Loktantrik Samata Dal
7    DHANOJ KUMAR    M    26    Rashtravadi Janata Party
8    RAVINDRA KUMAR    M    33    Rashtra Sewa Dal
9    NIRMAL KUMAR SINGH    M    66    Samata Party
10    SAKAR SURESH YADAV    M    32    Independent
11    KISHOR KUMAR    M    33    Independent
12    BALWANT GADHWAL    M    29    Independent
13    TIRO SHARMA    M    59    Independent
14    KARPOORI RISHIDEO    M    29    Independent
15    AMIT ACHARYA    M    26    Independent
16    PRASANNA KUMAR    M    54    Independent
17    DHRUWA KUMAR    M    43    Independent
18    MAHADEV YADAV    M    55    Independent
19    PARMESHWARI PRASAD NIRALA    M    68    Independent
S04    25    BR    KHAGARIA    30-Apr-09    1    SATYA NARAYAN SINGH    M    66    Communist Party of India
2    PRADUMAN KUMAR    M    31    Independent
3    DINESHCHANDRA YADAV    M    50    Janata Dal (United)
4    HARI NANDAN SINGH    M    61    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
5    GULABRAJ    M    31    Independent
6    ASARFI PRASAD MEHTA    M    63    Bahujan Samaj Party
7    SIKANDAR PRASAD SHARMA    M    56    Independent
8    SANGRAM KUMAR    M    27    Independent
9    SURESH PODDAR    M    47    Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal
10    SANJAY YADAV    M    41    Independent
11    NEHA CHAUHAN    F    27    Independent
12    MANJU KUMARI    F    31    Rashtra Sewa Dal
13    CHAUDHRY MEHBOOB ALI KAISER    M    42    Indian National Congress
14    BHARAT KUMAR YADAV    M    52    Kosi Vikas Party
15    RAM NANDAN YADAV    M    45    Independent
16    NAYEEMUDDIN4    M    42    Independent
17    LAL BAHADUR HIMALAYA    M    38    Independent
18    BABULU PASWAN    M    35    Navbharat Nirman Party
19    PAWAN KUMAR “SUMAN”    M    33    Independent
20    RAVINDRA KU. RANA    M    62    Rashtriya Janata Dal
S04    27    BR    BANKA    30-Apr-09    1    GRIDHARI YADAV    M    44    Indian National Congress
2    JAI PRAKASH NARAYAN YADAV    M    55    Rashtriya Janata Dal
3    DAMODAR RAWAT    M    47    Janata Dal (United)
4    MUKESH KUMAR SINGH    M    45    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    SANJAY KUMAR    M    45    Communist Party of India
6    ANIL KUMAR ALIAS ANIL GUPTA    M    40    Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
7    AMRESHWAR KUMAR    M    29    Jago Party
8    ARBIND KUMAR SAH    M    42    Rashtriya Pragati Party
9    KEDAR PRASAD SINGH    M    61    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
10    MAHABUB ALAM ANSARI    M    50    Bharatiya Momin Front
11    RAJENDRA PANDIT NETAJI    M    57    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (Ulgulan)
S06    1    GJ    KACHCHH    30-Apr-09    1    JAT POONAMBEN VELJIBHAI    F    37    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    DANICHA VALJIBHAI PUNAMCHANDRA    M    54    Indian National Congress
3    NAMORI MOHANBHAI LADHABHAI    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    CHAUHAN MOTILAL DEVJIBHA    M    49    Lokpriya Samaj Party
5    DR. TINA MAGANBHAI PARMAR    F    26    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal
6    DUNGARIYA BHARMALBHAI NARANBHAI    M    45    Samajwadi Party
7    PARMAR MUKESHBHAI MANDANBHAI    M    44    Indian Justice Party
8    BADIYA RAMESH GANGJI    M    44    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
9    KANJI ABHABHAI MAHESHWARI    M    55    Independent
10    GARVA ASMAL THAKARSHI    M    44    Independent
11    GOVIND JIVABHAI DAFADA    M    50    Independent
12    BADIA GANGJI FAKIRA    M    55    Independent
13    MAHESHWARI GANGJI DAYABHAI    M    55    Independent
14    MAHESHWARI DHANJIBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    51    Independent
15    MUNSHI BHURALAL KHIMJIBHAI    M    40    Independent
16    MANGALIYA LILBAI JIVANBHAI    F    42    Independent
17    VANZARA HIRABEN DALPATBHAI    F    35    Independent
18    SARESA NANJI BHANJIBHAI    M    42    Independent
S06    2    GJ    BANASKANTHA    30-Apr-09    1    GADHVI MUKESHKUMAR BHERAVDANJI    M    47    Indian National Congress
2    CHETANBHAI KALABHAI SOLANKI    M    28    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    CHAUDHARI HARIBHAI PARTHIBHAI    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    AMRUTBHAI LAKHUBHAI PATEL(FOSI)    M    49    Mahagujarat Janta Party
5    KATARIYA HASMUKHBHAI RAVJIBHAI    M    34    Akhand Bharti
6    NAGORI JHUBERKHAN LIYAKATKHAN    M    33    Adarsh Lok Dal
7    LODHA ISHVARBHAI MAHADEVBHAI    M    57    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
8    SAVJIBHAI PATHUBHAI RAJGOR    M    34    Vishva Hindustani Sangathan
9    KARNAVAT YOGESHKUMAR BHIKHABHAI    M    31    Independent
10    PATEL NAGJIBHAI PRAGJIBHAI    M    43    Independent
11    PARSANI MAHMAD SIKANDAR JALALBHAI    M    30    Independent
12    PUROHIT ASHOKBHAI CHHAGANBHAI    M    32    Independent
13    PANSAL KALABHAI PUNMABHAI    M    49    Independent
14    MAJIRANA BHOPAJI AASHAJI    M    68    Independent
15    MALI JAGDISHKUMAR HASTAJI    M    30    Independent
16    ROOTHAR LEBUJI PARBATJI    M    32    Independent
17    SHARDABEN BHIKHABHAI PARMAR    F    45    Independent
18    SIPAI AAIYUBBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI    M    35    Independent
19    SHRIMALI ASHOKBHAI BALCHANDBHAI    M    40    Independent
S06    3    GJ    PATAN    30-Apr-09    1    KHOKHAR MAHEBOOBKHAN RAHEMATKHAN    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    JAGDISH THAKOR    M    51    Indian National Congress
3    BAROT SANJAYBHAI MAGANBHAI    M    50    Nationalist Congress Party
4    RATHOD BHAVSINHBHAI DAHYABHAI    M    68    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    PATAVAT MAHAMMADBHAI SHARIFBHAI    M    50    Independent
6    PATEL NARANBHAI PRAGDASBHAI    M    55    Mahagujarat Janta Party
7    KANUBHAI BHURABHAI MAHESHVARI    M    60    Independent
8    CHAUDHARY KIRTIKUMAR JESANGBHAI    M    30    Independent
9    CHAUDHARY MANSINHBHAI MANABHAI    M    32    Independent
10    JUDAL GANESHBHAI MEGHRAJBHAI    M    35    Independent
11    THAKOR NATUJI HALAJI    M    48    Independent
12    THAKOR BHUPATSINH KANTIJI    M    29    Independent
13    DIVAN YASIN AHMAD MAHAMADSHAH    M    47    Independent
14    PATEL KALPESHBHAI SHANKARLAL    M    27    Independent
15    PATEL KIRITKUMAR CHIMANLAL    M    38    Independent
16    PATEL DILIPKUMAR LILACHAND    M    31    Independent
17    PATEL MANORBHAI VIRAMDAS    M    68    Independent
18    PATEL RAMESHBHAI GOVINDBHAI    M    45    Independent
19    BRAHMKSHATRIYA NIRUPABEN NATVARLAL    F    35    Independent
20    BRAHMKSHATRIYA BHAGVATIBEN KHETSINH    F    55    Independent
21    RABARI BABUBHAI LALLUBHAI    M    56    Independent
22    RAJPUT JAGATSINH SAMANTSANG    M    29    Independent
23    RAVAL BHURABHAI MOTIBHAI    M    45    Independent
24    VAGHELA SHIVUBHA RAMSING    M    53    Independent
25    SUNSARA AAMINBHAI USMANBHAI    M    35    Independent
S06    9    GJ    SURENDRANAGAR    30-Apr-09    1    BHATIYA NARANBHAI KEHARBHAI    M    45    Independent
2    VAGHELA SATUBHA KANUBHA    M    75    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
3    BHARATBHAI RAMNIKLAL MAKWANA    M    43    Independent
4    KOLI PATEL SOMABHAI    M    68    Indian National Congress
5    DEVJIBHAI GOVINDBHAI FATEPARA    M    51    Indian National Congress
6    MER LALJIBHAI CHATURBHAI    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
7    SONI PRAKASHBHAI GOVINDBHAI    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party
8    KORDIA ALTAFBHAI VALIBHAI    M    25    Independent
9    PATEL MOHANBHAI DAHYABHAI    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
10    TUNDIYA PREMJIBHAI VIRJIBHAI    M    53    Independent
11    NAYAKPRA HITSH BHAGVANGIBHAI    M    40    Independent
12    DABHI MOHANBHAI TULSHIBHAI    M    63    Independent
13    DERVALIA MEDHABHAI KALABHAI    M    51    Independent
14    PATEL KHEMABHAI ISHVARBHAI    M    43    Independent
15    RABA HARSURBHAI RAMBHAI    M    63    Independent
16    JADAV BHAGWANBHAI MATHURBHAI    M    56    Independent
17    UKABHAI AMARABHAI MAKWANA    M    40    Independent
18    JAGRUTIBEN BABULAL GADA (SHAH)    F    39    Mahagujarat Janta Party
19    PATADIYA KHIMJIBHAI HARAJIVANBHAI    M    52    Kranti Kari Jai Hind Sena
20    SOLANKI KARSHANBHAI JIVABHAI    M    38    Independent
21    PATEL ASHOKKUMAR CHIMANLAL    M    54    Independent
22    DHAVANIYA BACHUBHAI CHHAGANBHAI    M    58    Lokpriya Samaj Party
23    CHAVDA ASHOKBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party
24    SAVUKIYA LALJIBHAI MOHANLAL    M    50    Independent
25    MER MAVJIBHAI KUKABHAI    M    63    Independent
S06    10    GJ    RAJKOT    30-Apr-09    1    MULTANI SUBHANBHAI POPATBHAI    M    52    Independent
2    GOKALBHAI KHODABHAI PARMAR    M    53    Lokpriya Samaj Party
3    KIRANKUMAR VALJIBHAI BHALODIA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    DHANSUKHBHAI CHUNIBHAI BHANDERI    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    DR. ZAKIRHUSEN MATHAKIYA    M    38    Samajwadi Party
6    ARVINDBHAI JADAVJIBHAI RATHOD    M    42    Independent
7    KUBAVAT BABUDAS CHHAGANDAS    M    63    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
8    PRAVINBHAI MEGHJIBHAI DENGADA    M    46    Independent
9    KUVARJIBHAI MOHANBHAI BAVALIA    M    54    Indian National Congress
10    JOSHI SUDHIRBHAI REVASHANKAR    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
11    JADEJA SATUBHA AMARSANG    M    41    National Secular Party
12    JADEJA NATUBHA AMARSANG    M    39    National Secular Party
13    DHEDHI DALEECHANDBHAI LIRABHAI    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
14    KHIMSURIYA BHANUBHAI RAMJIBHAI    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party
15    NARENDRASINH TAPUBHA JADEJA    M    35    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
16    HIRABHAI GORDHANBHAI CHANGELA    M    58    Independent
17    HARSODA MAHESH HIRABHAI    M    25    Independent
18    BHIKHABHAI KURJIBHAI SADADIYA    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party
19    GAR PRAKASH KHIMJIBHAI    M    40    Independent
20    DUDHATRA MUKUNDBHAI GOVINDBHAI    M    41    Independent
21    SAROLA GEETABEN MANJIBHAI    F    32    Independent
22    RABARI MOMAIYABHAI ALABHAI    M    60    Independent
23    AJITSINH HARISINH JADEJA    M    55    Independent
24    DR.RAJESHKUMAR SHANTIBHIA MANKADIA    M    35    Independent
25    RAJGURU INDRANIL SANJAYBHAI    M    43    Indian National Congress
26    NAYANBHI HASHMUKHBHAI UPADHYAY    M    42    Independent
27    KESHUBHAI DHANJIBHAI VEKARIYA    M    30    Independent
28    MATHAKIA USMAN HASAN    M    56    Independent
29    BABUBHAI DEVJIBHAI GHAVA    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party
30    PATADIA VINODBHAI KHODABHAI    M    45    Independent
31    CHAVDA LAKHMANBHAI DEVJIBHAI    M    49    Republican Party of India
32    VEKARIYA PRAGJIBHAI NATHUBHAI    M    60    Independent
33    BHIKHABHAI KURJIBHAI SADADIA    M    57    Independent
34    VEKARIA ALPESHBHAI KESHUBHAI    M    32    Mahagujarat Janta Party
35    JASVANTBHAI RANCHHODBHAI SABHAYA    M    38    Samajwadi Party
36    PIPALIA BHARATBHAI SAVJIBHAI    M    52    Mahagujarat Janta Party
37    GORI BHARTIBEN MAHENDRABHAI    F    26    Independent
S06    13    GJ    JUNAGADH    30-Apr-09    1    BARAD JASHUBHAI DHANABHAI    M    54    Indian National Congress
2    BHUVA KAMLESHBHAI LALJIBHAI    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    SOLANKI DINUBHAI BOGHABHAI    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    AKHED MAHESHBHAI VALLABHBHAI    M    48    Indian Justice Party
5    KUNJADIYA VALLABHBHAI RAMBHAI    M    46    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal
6    CHANDULAL BHANUBHAI DHADUK    M    42    Mahagujarat Janta Party
7    DANGAR BRIJESH RAMBHAI    M    31    Rashtrawadi Sena
S06    15    GJ    BHAVNAGAR    30-Apr-09    1    GOHILMAHAVIRSINHBHAGIRATHSINH    M    52    Indian National Congress
2    VAGHANI PRAKSHBHAI ARJANBHAI    M    38    Indian National Congress
3    RANA RAJENDRASINH GHANSHYAMSINH    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    MANDAVIA MANSUKHBHAI LAXMANBHAI    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    BORICHA VALJIBHAI BAGHABHAI    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party
6    REVAR MANSUKHBHAI KHODIDASBHAI    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party
7    ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI    M    54    Mahagujarat Janta Party
8    ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI    M    54    Mahagujarat Janta Party
9    ZADAFIA GORDHANBHAI PRAGJIBHAI    M    54    Mahagujarat Janta Party
10    YADAV TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI    M    67    Samajwadi Party
11    YADAV TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI    M    67    Samajwadi Party
12    YADAV TULSHIBHAI RAMJIBHAI    M    67    Samajwadi Party
13    SAPARIA DINESHBHAI NANUBHAI    M    45    Lokpriya Samaj Party
14    SAPARIA DINESHBHAI NANUBHAI    M    45    Lokpriya Samaj Party
15    SAPARIA DINESHBHAI NANUBHAI    M    45    Lokpriya Samaj Party
16    PANDYA ATULBHAI HARSHADRAI    M    46    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal
17    PANDYA ATULBHAI HARSHADRAI    M    46    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal
18    PANDYA ATULBHAI HARSHADRAI    M    46    Bharatiya Natiional Janta Dal
19    GOHIL NANAJIBHAI MADHABHAI    M    38    Republican Party of India (A)
20    GOHIL NANAJIBHAI MADHABHAI    M    38    Republican Party of India (A)
21    CHAUHAN PREMJIBHAI SHAMJIBHAI    M    42    Akhil Bharatiya Congress Dal (Ambedkar)
22    MAKWANA HARINBHAI RAMNIKLAL    M    37    Independent
23    MAKWANA HARINBHAI RAMNIKLAL    M    37    Independent
24    MAKWANA HARINBHAI RAMNIKLAL    M    37    Independent
25    GOHIL KISHORSINH BALAVANTSINH    M    54    Independent
26    GOHIL KISHORSINH BALAVANTSINH    M    54    Independent
27    GOHIL KISHORSINH BALAVANTSINH    M    54    Independent
28    KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI    M    49    Independent
29    KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI    M    49    Independent
30    KATARIA ZINABHAI NAGAJIBHAI    M    49    Independent
31    PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI    M    43    Independent
32    PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI    M    43    Independent
33    PUNANI MUKESHBHI MAGANBHAI    M    43    Independent
34    CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    39    Independent
35    CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    39    Independent
36    CHAUHAN DHIRUBHAI KARSHANBHAI    M    39    Independent
37    SONANI NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI    M    36    Independent
38    SONANI NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI    M    36    Independent
39    SONANI NARESHBHAI NANAJIBHAI    M    36    Independent
40    CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI    M    42    Independent
41    CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI    M    42    Independent
42    CHUDASAMA MEPABHAI MAVJIBHAI    M    42    Independent
43    SOLANKI MAHAMADRAFIKBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI    M    50    Independent
44    SOLANKI MAHAMADRAFIKBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI    M    50    Independent
45    SOLANKI MAHAMADRAFIKBHAI IBRAHIMBHAI    M    50    Independent
46    DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI    M    29    Independent
47    DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI    M    29    Independent
48    DABHI DEVJIBHAI MEGHABHAI    M    29    Independent
49    PATEL KALPESHBHAI ASHOKBHAI    M    30    Independent
50    PATEL KALPESHBHAI ASHOKBHAI    M    30    Independent
51    PATEL KALPESHBHAI ASHOKBHAI    M    30    Independent
S06    18    GJ    PANCHMAHAL    30-Apr-09    1    MANSURI MUKHTYAR MOHAMAD    M    49    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal
2    VAGHELA SHANKERSINH LAXMANSINH    M    68    Indian National Congress
3    PATEL PROSOTTAMBHAI MANGALBHAI    M    53    Indian National Congress
4    BAROT PRAKASHKUMAR MANEKLAL    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    CHAUHAN PRABHATSINH PRATAPSINH    M    67    Bharatiya Janata Party
6    MALIVAD KALUBHAI HIRABHAI    M    58    Bharatiya Janata Party
7    SHAIKH KALIM A.LATIF    M    42    Lok Jan Shakti Party
8    SHUKLA ARVINDKUMAR JYANTILAL    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party
9    BHABHOR RASILABEN SAMSUBHAI    F    26    Indian Justice Party
S06    19    GJ    DAHOD    30-Apr-09    1    KATARA SINGJIBHAI JALJIBHAI    M    62    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    KALARA RAMSINGBHAI NANJIBHAI    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    DAMOR SOMJIBHAI PUNJABHAI    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    TAVIYAD DR. PRABHABEN KISHORSINH    F    54    Indian National Congress
5    MEDA KALSINGBHAI TAJSINHBHAI    M    57    Nationalist Congress Party
6    PARMAR DINESHBHAI NAGJIBHAI    M    28    Indian Justice Party
7    BARIYA NAVALSINGBHAI MADIABHAI    M    39    Mahagujarat Janta Party
8    MUNIA KAMALSINH CHHAGANBHAI    M    61    Samajwadi Party
S06    20    GJ    VADODARA    30-Apr-09    1    GAEKWAD SATYAJITSINH DULIPSINH    M    46    Indian National Congress
2    PUROHIT VINAYKUMAR RAMANBHAI    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    BALKRISHNA KHANDERAO SHUKLA    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    GIRISHBHAI MADHAVLAL BHAVSAR    M    42    Independent
5    THAVARDAS AMULRAI CHOITHANI    M    63    Independent
6    DASGUPTA TAPANBHAI SHANTIMAY    M    45    Independent
7    PARMAR BHARTIBEN KISHORCHANDRA    F    36    Independent
8    MALEK MAHEBUBBHAI RAHIMBHAI    M    42    Independent
9    VASAVA HARILAL SHANABHAI    M    46    Independent
S06    21    GJ    CHHOTA UDAIPUR    30-Apr-09    1    RATHWA RAMSINGBHAI PATALBHAI    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    RATHWA NARANBHAI JEMLABHAI    M    55    Indian National Congress
3    BHIL PRAKASHBHAI SOMABHAI    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    RATHWA SATISHBHAI RAMANBHAI    M    32    Janata Dal (United)
5    VASAVA(BHIL) VITTHALBHAI VENIBHAI    M    63    Independent
S06    22    GJ    BHARUCH    30-Apr-09    1    PATEL MEHRUNNISHA VALLIBHAI    F    40    Lok Jan Shakti Party
2    PATHAN JAHANGIRKHA AHEMADKHA    M    69    Indian National Congress
3    PATHAN JAHANGIRKHA AHEMADKHA    M    69    Indian National Congress
4    MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED    M    64    Indian National Congress
6    UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED    M    64    Indian National Congress
7    UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED    M    64    Indian National Congress
8    UGHARATDAR UMARJI AHMED    M    64    Indian National Congress
9    MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party
10    MANSUKHBHAI DHANJIBHAI VASAVA    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party
11    MORI CHHATRASINH PUJABHAI    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
12    MORI CHHATRASINH PUJABHAI    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
13    MORI CHHATRASINH PUJABHAI    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
14    VASAVA SURESHBHAI GORDHANBHAI    M    40    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
15    VASAVA DILIPKUMAR GULSINGBHAI    M    32    Independent
16    PANDEY SANATKUMAR RAJARAMBHAI    M    32    Bahujan Samaj Party
17    BASHIRBHAI MAHAMEDBHAI FOJDAR    M    44    Independent
18    VASAVA CHHOTUBHAI AMARSINHBHAI    M    62    Janata Dal (United)
19    BHAGAT ANILKUMAR CHHITUBHAI    M    44    Janata Dal (United)
20    LAD MAHIPATBHAI MAGANBHAI    M    52    Independent
21    PATEL THAKORBHAI CHANDULAL    M    58    Independent
22    HEMANTKUMAR JERAMBHAI GOHIL    M    31    Independent
23    MANGROLA KANAKSINH MOHANSINH    M    58    Samajwadi Party
24    MANGROLA VIKRAMSINH KANAKSINH    M    28    Samajwadi Party
25    PATEL NARESHKUMAR BHAGVANBHAI    M    48    Mahagujarat Janta Party
26    PATEL NARESHKUMAR BHAGVANBHAI    M    48    Mahagujarat Janta Party
27    NARENDRASINH RANDHIRSINH VASHI    M    37    Loktantrik Samajwadi Party
28    PARMAR BALVANTSINH VIJAYSINH    M    53    Nationalist Congress Party
29    PATHAN NISHARKHAN ZAHIRKHAN    M    38    Independent
30    LAKDAWALA SHAKIL AHMED    M    43    Independent
31    PATEL USMANBHAI GULAMBHAI    M    26    Independent
S06    25    GJ    NAVSARI    30-Apr-09    1    NAIK YOGESHKUMAR THAKORBHAI    M    54    Nationalist Congress Party
2    C. R. PATIL    M    54    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RAJPUT DHANSUKHABHAI BHAGVATIPRASAD    M    51    Indian National Congress
4    SHAILESHBHAI BISHESWAR SHRIVASTAV    M    37    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    AMULKUMAR DHIRUBHAI DESAI    M    46    Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
6    AAZADKUMAR CHATURBHAI PATEL    M    33    Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Party
7    YADAV GANGAPRASAD LALANBHAI    M    55    Mahagujarat Janta Party
8    KANUBHAI DEVJIBHAI SUKHADIA    M    47    Independent
9    JASHAVANTBHAI DALPATBHAI PANCHAL    M    48    Independent
10    TARUNBHAI CHAMPAKBHAI PATEL    M    39    Independent
11    PATEL PRAVINCHANDRA MANILAL    M    52    Independent
12    PRAKASH MANHAR SHAH    M    45    Independent
13    PRAVINBHAI RANGILDAS KAPASIYAWALA    M    71    Independent
14    YADAV RAJENDRAKUMAR RAMRAJ    M    35    Independent
15    RATHOD GOVINDBHAI LAXMANBHAI    M    52    Independent
16    VARANKAR KAMALBEN KASHIRAM    F    50    Independent
17    SHATRUDHANDAS OMKARDAS SUGAT (BAIRAGI)    M    78    Independent
18    SATYAJIT JAYANTILAL SHETH    M    41    Independent
S06    26    GJ    VALSAD    30-Apr-09    1    DHIRUBHAI CHHAGANBHAI PATEL    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    NARESHBHAI MAGANBHAI PATEL    M    41    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    LAXMANBHAI CHHAGANBHAI VARLI    M    51    Independent
4    BHOYE NAYNESHBHAI MADHUBHAI    M    31    Samajwadi Party
5    GAVLI CHHAGANBHAI PILUBHAI    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
6    PATEL PANKAJKUMAR PRABHUBHAI    M    40    Aadivasi Sena Party
7    KISHANBHAI VESTABHAI PATEL    M    46    Indian National Congress
8    JEETUBHAI HARJIBHAI CHAUDHARI    M    45    Indian National Congress
9    RAMBHAI KOYABHAI PATEL    M    59    Independent
S10    3    KA    BAGALKOT    30-Apr-09    1    SHANKAR TELI    M    33    Independent
2    MANOHAR H.AYYANNAVAR    M    51    Independent
3    MALAKAJAPPANAVAR BASAYYA    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)
4    KALLAPPA REVANASIDDAPPA KADECHUR    M    43    Independent
5    JAGADISH TIMMANAGOUDA PATIL    M    59    Indian National Congress
6    BASAVARAJ KALAKAPPA PUJAR    M    42    Nationalist Congress Party
7    HULLANAGOUDA CHANDANAGOUDA PATIL    M    70    Independent
8    GADDIGOUDAR PARVATGOUDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
9    PATIL JAGADISH    M    59    Indian National Congress
10    DANAPPA MALLAPPA ASANGI    M    38    Independent
11    CHINCHOLI SANTOSHKUMAR SAHEBGOUDA    M    25    Independent
12    GADADANNAVAR RAMANNA BHIMAPPA    M    47    Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha
13    CHANDRASHEKHAR HANAMANT BANDIWADDAR    M    29    Akhil Bharatiya Manav Seva Dal
14    PARASHURAM JALAGAR    M    48    Pyramid Party of India
15    PARASHURAM JALAGAR    M    48    Janata Dal (Secular)
16    KRISHNAGOUDA RANGANAGOUDA PATIL    M    56    Independent
17    R. RAMESH BABU    M    38    Janata Dal (Secular)
18    R.RAMESH BABU    M    38    Janata Dal (Secular)
19    BADASHA RAJESAB MUJAWAR    M    40    Independent
20    KRISHNAGOUDA RANGANAGOUDA PATIL    M    56    Independent
21    PATIL VIJAYKUMAR    M    46    Janata Dal (Secular)
22    PANDIT BODALI    M    33    Independent
23    GADADANNAVAR RAMANNA BHIMAPPA    M    47    Independent
24    GADADANNAVAR RAMANNA BHIMAPPA    M    47    Independent
25    R.RAMESH BABU    M    38    Independent
26    R.RAMESH BABU    M    38    Independent
27    RENUKARADHYA HIREMATH    M    29    Independent
28    SANNAGOUDAR GURURAJ SATYAPPAGOUDA    M    27    Independent
29    PAKALI FAROOQ    M    33    Bahujan Samaj Party
30    SINDHUR GURUBASAVARYA    M    48    Janata Dal (Secular)
31    NAZIR DUNDASI    M    31    Independent
32    SANGMESH .G. BHAVIKATTI    M    29    Independent
S10    10    KA    HAVERI    30-Apr-09    1    RAMACHANDRAPPA GUDDAPPA BILLAL    M    59    Independent
2    CHANDRAGOUDA HANUMANTA GOUDA PATIL    M    29    Independent
3    FAKKIRESH SHAMBHU BIJAPUR    M    39    Independent
4    SHIVAKUMAR CHANNABASAPPA UDASI    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    BASAVARAJ SHANKRAPPA DESAI    M    38    Independent
6    JAGADEESH YANKAPPA DODDAMANI    M    35    Independent
7    RAJESAB RAHAMANSAB SIDNEKOPPA    M    65    Independent
8    PRABHU K PATIL    M    31    Janata Dal (United)
9    JAVALI ASHOKAPPA MALLAPPA    M    43    Nationalist Congress Party
10    RAMACHANDRASA SAHASRARJUNSA HABIB    M    26    Independent
11    IGAL DILLPPA KARIYAPPA    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party
12    KRISHNAJI RAGHAVENDRARAO OMKAR    M    32    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
13    MULLANAVAR ABDULRAJAK MODINSAB    M    49    Bahujan Samaj Party
14    MEHABUB KUTUBSAB NADAF    M    47    Independent
15    SALEEM AHAMAD    M    45    Indian National Congress
16    PATIL SHIVAKUMARGOUDA    M    42    Janata Dal (Secular)
17    MANJUNATH KALAVEERAPPA PANCHANAN    M    38    Independent
18    DESAI MALLIKARJUN BASAPPA    M    61    Independent
19    SALEEM AKBAR NAIK    M    30    Independent
20    DAYANAND RAMACHANDRA RATHOD    M    35    Independent
21    ALLABAX TIMMAPUR    M    34    Independent
22    BADIGER KOTESHWAR    M    28    Independent
23    VASTRAD VEERBHADRAYYA KALAKAYYA    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party
S10    11    KA    DHARWAD    30-Apr-09    1    PRALHAD JOSHI    M    46    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    CHANNABASAPPA.S.KUSUGAL    M    48    Independent
3    RAJANNA.P.KADDLYANAVARAMATH    M    36    Independent
4    KUNNUR MANJUNATH CHANNAPPA    M    55    Indian National Congress
5    BAGWAN NASIR PAPULSAB    M    51    Janata Dal (Secular)
6    RAMACHANDRA KALINGAPPA MAHAR    M    59    Independent
7    TALAKALLAMATH MAHESH GURUPADAYYA    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party
8    ASHOK BADDI    M    38    Independent
9    KURUBAR BEERAPPA    M    38    Independent
10    BABUSAB KASHEEMNAVAR    M    61    Janata Dal (Secular)
11    PATIL GURUPADAGOUDA    M    62    Independent
12    JANUMALA BASKAR    M    39    Independent
13    BASANGOUDA HANSI    M    63    Independent
14    PANCH MAHALDAR    M    38    Independent
15    NIRJAN HANMANTSA    M    40    Janata Dal (United)
16    SHANKRAPPA YADAVANNAVAR    M    50    Independent
17    SONDUR RAGHAVENDRA SRINIVAS    M    46    Janata Dal (Secular)
18    ALLISAB SANDIMANI    M    30    Independent
19    KILLADAR ALLABAKSH    M    52    Nationalist Congress Party
20    TAKAPPA KALAL    M    59    Independent
21    MULLA KASHIMASAB    M    57    Bahujan Samaj Party
22    PREMANATH KASHAPPA CHIKKTUMBAL    M    31    Bahujan Samaj Party
23    MARUTI RAMAPPA HANASI    M    40    Independent
24    DADAPEER KOPPAL    M    50    Ambedkar National Congress
25    KALLIMANI IBRAHIM    M    32    Independent
26    IMAMHUSEN KUNDAGOL    M    46    Independent
27    GADAGKAR MOHAMMAD YOOSUF    M    56    Muslim League Kerala State Committee
28    SHANKRAPPA JINNAKAR    M    63    Independent
29    HULLI MOHAMMEDALI    M    67    Independent
30    JAMIRAHMEDKHAN    M    27    Independent
31    MOHAMMED ISMAIL BHADRAPUR    M    28    Independent
32    BIJAPUR JALALSAHEB    M    78    Independent
33    BALANNAVAR BASAVARAJ    M    30    Independent
34    KASHEEMNAVAR BABUSAB    M    61    Independent
35    PATIL GURUPADAGOUDA    M    62    Janata Dal (Secular)
S10    13    KA    DAVANAGERE    30-Apr-09    1    RAMESH HULI    M    35    Independent
2    MUJEEB PATEL M.H.K.    M    25    Independent
3    DR. SRIDHARA UDUPA    M    56    Independent
4    SUBHAN KHAN    M    45    Independent
5    SIDDESWARA G.M.    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
6    DR.RAJU C.    M    44    Independent
7    MALLIKARJUN S.S.    M    42    Indian National Congress
8    IDLI RAMAPPA    M    46    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
9    NAGARAJA    M    30    Independent
10    H K KENCHVEERAPPA    M    65    Independent
11    L.H. PATIL    M    41    Independent
12    RAJASHEKHARAYYA B.    M    62    Independent
13    DR. HIDAYATHUR RAHMAN KHAN    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
14    NINGAPPA A.    M    77    Independent
15    MALLIKARJUN L.S.    M    39    Independent
16    AMANULLA KHAN J.    M    35    Independent
17    JAYANNA ITAGI    M    38    Independent
18    ALUR M.G. SWAMY    M    62    Independent
19    SATHISH B.M    M    45    Independent
20    INAYAT ALI KHAN    M    31    Independent
21    YOGESHWARA RAO SINDHE    M    42    Independent
22    RAJASHEKAR    M    44    Independent
23    HANUMANTHAPPA    M    32    Independent
24    MANJUNATH K.    M    43    Independent
25    MAHESH Y.    M    40    Independent
26    EHSANULLA PATEL H.M.    M    53    Independent
27    SUDESH G.M.    M    31    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)
28    CHANDRASHEKARAPPA S.    M    59    Independent
29    VEERESH T.    M    35    Independent
30    SIDDESHI G.    M    42    Independent
31    MARUTHI H.    M    51    Independent
32    GNANA PRAKASH B.    M    30    Independent
33    ESWARAPPA H.    M    30    Independent
34    NAGARAJAPPA    M    46    Independent
35    KALLERUDRESHAPPA K.B.    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)
S10    14    KA    SHIMOGA    30-Apr-09    1    UMESHKUMAR S    M    38    Janata Dal (United)
2    N DINESH KUMAR    M    40    Independent
3    M.P. SRIDHAR. BYNDOOR    M    44    Independent
4    AKHIL AHMED    M    45    Independent
5    H.S. SHEKARAPPA    M    47    Independent
6    J. JAYAPPA    M    40    Bahujan Samaj Party
7    S. BANGARAPPA    M    76    Indian National Congress
8    D.S. ESHWARAPPA    M    41    Independent
9    T. CHAKRAVARTI NAYAKA    M    70    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
10    MAINUDDIN.M.S    M    35    Independent
11    C. MURUGAN    M    29    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)
12    B,Y. RAGHAVENDRA    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party
13    Y.H. NAGARAJA    M    51    Independent
14    MANJAPPA. S.    M    58    Independent
15    RANGANATHA T.L.    M    50    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
16    H.G. LOKESHA    M    47    Independent
17    V. SHAIK MEHABOOB    M    43    Independent
S10    15    KA    UDUPI CHIKMAGALUR    30-Apr-09    1    GANAPATHI SHETTIGARA    M    58    Independent
2    SRINIVASA    M    51    Independent
3    DENIAL FEDRIK RANGER    M    35    Independent
4    JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE    M    57    Indian National Congress
5    JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE    M    57    Indian National Congress
6    JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE    M    57    Indian National Congress
7    JAYAPRAKASH HEGDE    M    57    Indian National Congress
8    SMT. RADHA    F    49    Communist Party of India
9    SMT. RADHA    F    49    Communist Party of India
10    SMT. RADHA    F    49    Communist Party of India
11    DR. SRIDHAR UDUPA    M    56    Independent
12    UMESH KUMARA    M    38    Independent
13    B.VINAYAK MALLYA    M    26    Independent
14    STEVEN JOHN MENEZES    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
15    STEVEN JOHN MENEZES    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
16    ABDUL RASHEED    M    40    Independent
17    ABDUL RASHEED    M    40    Independent
18    VENKATRAMANA HEGADE.B    M    39    Jai Vijaya Bharathi Party
19    D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
20    D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
21    D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
22    D.V.SADANANDA GOWDA    M    56    Bharatiya Janata Party
S10    16    KA    HASSAN    30-Apr-09    1    KOVI BABANNA    M    47    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
2    B. C. VIJAYAKUMAR    M    43    Independent
3    A. P. AHAMED    M    66    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    B. SHIVRAMU    M    58    Indian National Congress
5    K. H. HANUME GOWDA    M    78    Bharatiya Janata Party
6    S. HARISH(S. C. S)    M    37    Independent
7    AIJAZ AHAMED FAROOQI    M    52    Republican Party of India (A)
8    H. D. DEVEGOWDA    M    76    Janata Dal (Secular)
9    KODIHALLI CHANDRASHEKAR    M    51    Sarvodaya Karnataka Paksha
10    M. MAHESH URF HARSHA    M    38    Independent
11    K. SHANMUKHA    M    42    Independent
12    RAJANI NARAYANAGOWDA    M    34    Independent
13    K. REVANNA    M    34    Independent
14    G. P. SANTHOSH GUPTHA    M    28    Independent
15    B. LOHITHGOWDA KUNDURU    M    30    Bharatiya Janata Party
16    BOMMEGOWDA    M    62    Independent
17    T. R. VIJAYA KUMAR    M    33    Independent
18    DEVARAJ. P. B    M    26    Independent
19    DYAVEGOWDA    M    53    Independent
S10    17    KA    DAKSHINA KANNADA    30-Apr-09    1    SUPREETHA KUMAR POOJARY    M    31    Independent
2    JANARDHANA POOJARY    M    71    Indian National Congress
3    VASUDEVA M P    M    49    Independent
4    DR.THIRUMALA RAYA HALEMANE    M    55    Independent
5    G.MOHAMMED    M    48    Independent
6    K RAMA BHAT URIMAJALU    M    78    Independent
7    ABDUL RAZAK    M    50    Independent
8    MADHAVA B    M    71    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
9    MOHAMMED SALI    M    40    Independent
10    GIRISH A RAI    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party
11    NALIN KUMAR KATEEL    M    42    Bharatiya Janata Party
12    K MONAPPA BHANDARY    M    57    Bharatiya Janata Party
13    C AHAMMAD JAMAL    M    54    Muslim League Kerala State Committee
14    ANANDA GATTY    M    59    Independent
15    SUBRAHMANYA KUMAR KUNTIKANA MATA    M    36    Independent
16    DR.U.P.SHIVANANDA    M    59    Independent
S10    20    KA    MANDYA    30-Apr-09    1    SHAMBHULINGEGOWDA    M    48    Independent
2    KOWDLEY CHANNAPPA    M    60    Janata Dal (United)
3    K S NANJAPPA    M    56    Independent
4    K S PUTTANNAIAH    M    60    Sarvodaya Party
5    N NANJUNDAIAH    M    57    Independent
6    S B SHIVALINGEGOWDA    M    62    Indian National Congress
7    SUMANTH    M    60    Independent
8    M KRISHNAMURTHY    M    35    Bahujan Samaj Party
9    VENKTESH R    M    37    Independent
10    T S ASHRAF    M    33    Independent
11    SHIVARAMU    M    41    Independent
12    L R SHIVARAMEGOWDA    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
13    SHAKUNTHALA    F    29    Independent
14    H S RAMANNA    M    45    Independent
15    H R CHANDRASHEKHARAIAH    M    43    Independent
16    BALASUBRAMANIAN    M    38    Independent
17    CHELUVARAYA SWAMY    M    49    Janata Dal (Secular)
18    M H AMARANATH @ AMBAREESH    M    57    Indian National Congress
19    CHANDRASHEKHARAIAH    M    46    Independent
20    N J RAJESH    M    35    Independent
21    KEMPEGOWDA    M    36    Independent
22    BOREGOWDA    M    57    Independent
23    M P MUNAVAR SHARIF    M    50    Independent
24    H V MADEGOWDA    M    47    Independent
25    K SHIVANAND    M    45    Independent
26    K KEMPEGOWDA    M    47    Independent
27    JHONSON CHINNAPPAN    M    32    Independent
S10    21    KA    MYSORE    30-Apr-09    1    C.H.VIJAYASHANKAR    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    SRINATH-PATHRIKE    M    39    Independent
3    M.BASAVANNA    M    30    Independent
4    S.P.MAHADEVAPPA    M    59    Independent
5    SYED NIZAM ALI    M    51    Bahujan Samaj Party
6    P.KARIGOWDA    M    63    Independent
7    P.PARASHIVAMURTHY    M    41    Rashtriya Krantikari Samajwadi Party
8    ADAGURU H VISHWANATH    M    59    Indian National Congress
9    M.ANWARJI    M    62    Independent
10    ARHSADULLA SHARIFF    M    40    Bharatiya Praja Paksha
11    M.V.SANTHOSHKUMAR    M    27    Independent
12    M.S.BALAJI    M    51    Ambedkar National Congress
13    SANTHOSH KUMAR.P    M    35    Akhila India Jananayaka Makkal Katchi (Dr. Issac)
14    S.P.GEETHA    F    36    United Women Front
15    RAJU    M    54    Independent
16    B.A.JIVIJAYA    F    71    Janata Dal (Secular)
17    M.LEELAVATHI    F    51    Independent
18    RAFEEQ    M    27    Independent
19    E.RAJU    M    42    Independent
20    M.NAGENDRA    M    42    Independent
21    DR.E.KESHAMMA    F    32    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
22    K.P.CHIDANANDA    M    48    Janata Dal (United)
23    B.D.LINGAPPARAI    M    52    Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
S24    33    UP    UNNAO    30-Apr-09    1    SHIVSHANKERKUSHWAHA    M    46    Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena
2    RAMESHKUMARSINGH    M    60    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    ANNUTANDON    F    51    Indian National Congress
4    DEEPAKKUMAR    M    40    Samajwadi Party
5    SUNILKUMAR    M    35    Independent
6    RASHIDQAMAR    M    28    Muslim League Kerala State Committee
7    BASUDEVVISHARAD    M    65    Vikas Party
8    ABHICHHEDILALYADAV    M    47    Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (United)
9    RAMASHREY    M    36    Independent
10    RAJKISHORESINGH    M    36    Rashtravadi Communist Party
11    LALA    M    40    Independent
12    UMESHCHANDRA    M    25    Apna Dal
13    RAJUKASHYAP    M    40    Vanchit Jamat Party
14    RAMAOTAR    M    63    Buddhiviveki Vikas Party
15    KRISHNAPALSINGHVAIS    M    62    Independent
16    CHANDRASHEKHARTIWARI    M    43    Independent
17    ARUNSHANKARSHUKLA    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party
18    ASHOKKUMAR    M    39    Independent
19    CHHEDILAL    M    42    Republican Party of India (A)
20    RAMSEVAK    M    44    Ambedkar Samaj Party
21    UDAISHANKERTIWARI    M    64    Independent
22    JAVEDRAZA    M    39    Janata Dal (United)
23    KAILASHNATHMISHRA    M    66    Independent
24    DRCOLPRATAPSHANKARTIWARI    M    65    Rashtriya Raksha Dal
S24    34    UP    MOHANLALGANJ    30-Apr-09    1    R.K.CHAUDHARY    M    50    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party
2    ASHA DEVI    F    38    Bharatiya Grameen Dal
3    JAI PRAKASH    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    SUSHILA SAROJ    F    58    Samajwadi Party
5    JAIPAL PATHIK    M    50    Rashtravadi Communist Party
6    NARENDRA KUMAR    M    38    Indian National Congress
7    DINESH KUMAR    M    38    Independent
8    SATTIDEEN    M    53    Uttar Pradesh Republican Party
9    RANJAN    M    38    Bharatiya Janata Party
10    RAM DHAN    M    42    Independent
11    RAJU SONKAR    M    46    Independent
12    AMRESH KUMAR    M    27    Rashtravadi Communist Party
13    SATISH SONKAR    M    40    Dharam Nirpeksh Dal
14    BINDU DEVI    F    33    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
15    SARJU    M    52    Independent
S24    35    UP    LUCKNOW    30-Apr-09    1    RAVI SHANKAR    M    28    Bharat Punarnirman Dal
2    SUKHVEER SINGH    M    41    Independent
3    DR. AKHILESHWAR SAHAI    M    39    Independent
4    RAVI    M    32    Vikas Party
5    AMIT PANDEY    M    33    Independent
6    RAJESH KUMAR    M    25    Independent
7    PADAM CHANDRA GUPTA    M    35    Independent
8    DR. AKHILESH DAS GUPTA    M    48    Bahujan Samaj Party
9    SEHNAAZ SIDRAT    F    48    Independent
10    NAND KUMAR    M    44    Bharatiya Grameen Dal
11    DASHARATH    M    36    Rashtriya Mazdoor Ekta Party
12    MOHD. IRSHAD    M    40    Navbharat Nirman Party
13    A. HAROON ALI    M    48    Independent
14    LAL JI TANDON    M    73    Bharatiya Janata Party
15    ANUPAM MISHRA    M    37    Swarajya Party Of India
16    ZUBAIR AHMAD    M    32    Independent
17    PRAVEEN KUMAR MISHRA    M    32    Eklavya Samaj Party
18    RISAV KUMAR SHARMA    M    28    Maulik Adhikar Party
19    BAL MUKUND TIWARI    M    26    Independent
20    S.MD.AHAMAD    M    59    Independent
21    HARJEET SINGH    M    48    Independent
22    CHANDRA BHUSHAN PANDEY    M    60    Independent
23    S.R.DARAPURI    M    65    Independent
24    RADHEYSHYAM    M    37    Independent
25    NAFISA ALI SODHI    F    52    Samajwadi Party
26    DR.KHAN MOHMAD ATIF    M    64    Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh
27    AMBIKA PRASAD    M    49    Independent
28    MANOJ SINGH    M    37    Independent
29    VINAY PRAKASH    M    36    Independent
30    RAJESH KUMAR PANDEY    M    40    All India Trinamool Congress
31    RAJESH KUMAR NAITHANI    M    35    Independent
32    CHATURI PRASAD    M    56    Independent
33    MURLI PRASAD    M    56    Rashtriya Kranti Party
34    ASHOK KUMAR PAL    M    31    Rashtriya Swabhimaan Party
35    SITARAM    M    38    Uttar Pradesh Republican Party
36    NITIN DWIWEDI    M    25    Independent
37    MUSTAQ KHAN    M    38    Indian Justice Party
38    RAM KUMAR SHUKLA    M    62    Independent
39    SMT. JUGUNU RANJAN    F    47    Jaganmay Nari Sangathan
40    LT.COL.(RETD.) KUSH PRASAD MATHUR    M    55    Rashtriya Raksha Dal
41    RITA BAHUGUNA JOSHI    F    59    Indian National Congress
42    RAJIV RANJAN TIWARI    M    29    Independent
43    SUMAN LATA DIXIT    F    53    Independent
44    DHEERAJ    M    37    Independent
45    AMRESH MISHRA    M    43    Independent
46    DEVENDRA    M    25    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
47    KEDAR MAL AGRAWAL    M    55    Independent
48    AMAR SINGH YADAV    M    53    Independent
49    SAYED MOH. LADEL    M    45    Independent
50    KAMAL CHANDRA    M    39    Gondvana Gantantra Party
51    SHARAD KUMAR CHAUDHARY    M    35    Bharatiya Rashtriya Bahujan Samaj Vikas Party
52    GIRISH CHANDRA    M    62    Independent
53    C.A. RAJESH RASTOGI    M    52    Independent
54    K.C. KARDAM    M    65    Independent
55    CHAMAN BIHARI TANDON    M    66    Independent
56    LADDAN    M    49    Independent
S24    53    UP    BARABANKI    30-Apr-09    1    KAMALA PRASAD RAWAT    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    P.L.PUNIA    M    64    Indian National Congress
3    RAM NARESH RAWAT    M    44    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    RAM SAGAR    M    62    Samajwadi Party
5    VED PRAKASH RAWAT    M    29    Bahujan Samaj Party
6    JEEVAN    M    26    Janvadi Party(Socialist)
7    DESHRAJ    M    49    Bharatiya Subhash Sena
8    BABADEEN    M    49    Bharatiya Republican Paksha
9    BHAGAUTI    M    54    Apna Dal
10    SANTRAM    M    40    Navbharat Nirman Party
11    KAMLESH KUMAR    M    38    Independent
12    GAYA PRASAD    M    50    Independent
13    DEPENDRA KUMAR RAWAT    M    25    Independent
14    PREM CHANDRA ARYA    M    33    Independent
15    RAM AUTAR    M    39    Independent
16    LAJJAWATI KANCHAN    F    43    Independent
17    VISHRAM DAS    M    67    Independent
S25    1    WB    COOCH BEHAR    30-Apr-09    1    ARGHYA ROY PRODHAN    M    37    All India Trinamool Congress
2    KRISHNA KANTA BARMAN    M    29    Party for Democratic Socialism
3    NIRANJAN BARMAN    M    42    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    NRIPENDRA NATH ROY    M    49    All India Forward Bloc
5    HITENDRA DAS    M    54    Independent
6    HAREKRISHNA SARKAR    M    37    Republican Party of India
7    BANGSHI BADAN BARMAN    M    41    Independent
8    BHABENDRA NATH BARMAN    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party
9    DALENDRA ROY    M    50    Amra Bangalee
10    NUBASH BARMAN    M    46    Independent
S25    2    WB    ALIPURDUARS    30-Apr-09    1    MANOHAR TIRKEY    M    54    Revolutionary Socialist Party
2    ELIAS NARJINARY    M    56    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    BILKAN BARA    M    62    Samajwadi Jan Parishad
4    JOUCHIM BAXLA    M    55    Independent
5    DWIPEN ORAON    M    30    Kamtapur Progressive Party
6    KAMAL LAMA    M    49    Independent
7    THADDEVS LAKRA    M    60    Independent
8    PABAN KUMAR LAKRA    M    56    All India Trinamool Congress
9    MANOJ TIGGA    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party
10    PAUL DEXION KHARIYA    M    55    Independent
S25    3    WB    JALPAIGURI    30-Apr-09    1    MAHENDRA KUMAR ROY    M    54    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    PRITHWIRAJ ROY    M    36    Independent
3    SHANTI KUMAR SARKAR    M    50    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    HARIBHAKTA SARDAR    M    54    Independent
5    SATYEN PRASAD ROY    M    46    Independent
6    SUKHBILAS BARMA    M    64    Indian National Congress
7    PABITRA MOITRA    M    58    Amra Bangalee
8    DR. DHIRENDRA NATH DAS    M    47    Nationalist Congress Party
9    SRI CHINMAY SARKAR    M    30    Independent
10    SRI MUNDRIKA RAM    M    51    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
11    SRI DWIPENDRA NATH PRAMANIK    M    37    Bharatiya Janata Party
S25    4    WB    DARJEELING    30-Apr-09    1    JASWANT SINGH    M    70    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    JIBESH SARKAR    M    55    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
3    DAWA NARBULA    M    73    Indian National Congress
4    SHANTA KUMAR SINGHA    M    40    Nationalist Congress Party
5    HARIDAS THAKUR    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party
6    ABHIJIT MAJUMDAR    M    48    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
7    TRILOK KUMAR DEWAN    M    63    Independent
8    NIRANJAN SAHA    M    50    Amra Bangalee
9    BAIDYANATH ROY    M    55    Indian Peoples Forward Block
10    ARUN KUMAR AGARWAL    M    48    Independent
11    NITU JAI    M    35    Independent
12    RAM GANESH BARAIK    M    44    Independent
13    HELARIUS EKKA    M    50    Independent
S25    5    WB    RAIGANJ    30-Apr-09    1    ANIL BISWAS    M    49    Independent
2    GOPESH CH. SARKAR    M    66    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    SULEMAN HAFIJI    M    51    Communist Party of India(Marxist-Leninist)(Liberation)
4    MANAS JANA    M    36    Independent
5    UPENDRA NATH DAS    M    47    Independent
6    AKHIL RANJAN MONDAL    M    62    Bahujan Samaj Party
7    BIRESWAR LAHIRI    M    61    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
8    NACHHIR ALI PRAMANIK    M    64    Independent
9    ABDUL KARIM CHOUDHURY    M    62    Independent
10    DEEPA DASMUNSHI    F    48    Indian National Congress
11    MATIUR RAHMAN    M    49    Janata Dal (United)
12    FAIZ RAHAMAN    M    45    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
S25    6    WB    BALURGHAT    30-Apr-09    1    BIPLAB MITRA    M    57    All India Trinamool Congress
2    SAMU SOREN    M    48    Independent
3    PRASANTA KUMAR MAJUMDAR    M    68    Revolutionary Socialist Party
4    GOBINDA HANSDA    M    47    Bahujan Samaj Party
5    PRAHALLAD BARMAN    M    32    Independent
6    MRIDUL GHOSH.    M    30    Assam United Democratic Front
7    SUBHASH CH. BARMAN    M    50    Bharatiya Janata Party
8    CHAMRU ORAM    M    52    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
S25    7    WB    MALDAHA UTTAR    30-Apr-09    1    AMLAN BHADURI    M    35    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    BIKASH BISWAS    M    54    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    MAUSAM NOOR    M    27    Indian National Congress
4    SAILEN SARKAR    M    68    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5    ATUL CHANDRA MANDAL    M    39    Independent
6    MALLIKA SARKAR (NANDY)    F    50    Independent
7    MONOWARA BEGAM    F    39    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
8    ASIM KUMAR CHOWDHURY    M    47    Independent
9    AMINA KHATUN    F    29    Independent
S25    8    WB    MALDAHA DAKSHIN    30-Apr-09    1    ABDUR RAZZAQUE    M    60    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    ABU HASEM KHAN CHOUDHURY    M    65    Indian National Congress
3    BHARAT CHANDRA MANDAL    M    52    Bahujan Samaj Party
4    DIPAK KUMAR CHOWDHURY    M    47    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    MOHAMMAD EJARUDDIN    M    74    Muslim League Kerala State Committee
6    MD. KAMAL BASIRUJJAMAN    M    32    Independent
7    RUSTAM ALI    M    39    Independent
8    MANIRUDDIN SAIKH    M    64    Paschim Banga Rajya Muslim League
9    MANJUR ALAHI MUNSHI    M    42    Independent
10    SHYAMAL DAS    M    38    Independent
S25    32    WB    GHATAL    30-Apr-09    1    MATILAL KHATUA    M    55    Bharatiya Janata Party
2    NARAYAN CHANDRA SAMAT    M    60    Bahujan Samaj Party
3    GURUDAS DASGUPTA    M    73    Communist Party of India
4    NURE ALAM CHOWDHURY    M    66    All India Trinamool Congress
5    LIYAKAT KHAN    M    31    Indian Justice Party
6    ARUN KUMAR DAS    M    40    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
7    AHITOSH MAITY    M    53    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
S25    33    WB    JHARGRAM    30-Apr-09    1    AMRIT HASNDA    M    63    Indian National Congress
2    NABENDU MAHALI    M    34    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    ADITYA KISKU    M    46    Independent
4    PULIN BIHARI BASKE    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5    SUSIL MANDI    M    28    Independent
6    CHUNIBALA HANSDA    M    44    Jharkhand Party
7    PANCHANAN HANSDA    M    70    Bahujan Samaj Party
8    SUNIL MURMU    M    30    Independent
9    DARKU MURMU    M    56    Independent
S25    34    WB    MEDINIPUR    30-Apr-09    1    DIPAK KUMAR GHOSH    M    72    All India Trinamool Congress
2    SANJAY MISHRA    M    49    Independent
3    PRADIP PATNAIK    M    51    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    PARTHA ADDHYA    M    32    Independent
5    SRI AMIT MAITRA    M    63    Independent
6    PRABODH PANDA    M    63    Communist Party of India
7    ASOK KUMAR GOLDER    M    64    Bahujan Samaj Party
9    SUKUMAR DE    M    54    Independent
10    JOYNAL ABEDIN SEKH    M    52    Independent
11    MUKUL KUMAR MAITY    M    33    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
12    NEPAL CHANDRA DAS    M    60    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
S25    35    WB    PURULIA    30-Apr-09    1    ASIT BARAN MAHATO    M    38    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    NILKAMAL MAHATO    M    69    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    RENUKA SINGH DEV    F    60    Indian National Congress
4    SHANTIRAM MAHATO    M    56    Indian National Congress
5    SAYANTAN BASU    M    32    Bharatiya Janata Party
6    NARAHARI MAHATO    M    54    All India Forward Bloc
7    AJIT PRASAD MAHATO    M    56    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
8    ABINASH SAREN    M    39    Independent
9    ABHIRAM BESRA    M    41    Jharkhand Disom Party
10    AMULYA RATAN MAHATO    M    68    Independent
11    UMACHARAN MAHATO    M    69    Independent
12    DHIREN CHANDRA MAHATO    M    48    Independent
13    DHIREN RAJAK    M    44    Jharkhand Party (Naren)
14    BISAMBAR MURA    M    42    Independent
15    MUKHES SAHU    M    36    All Jharkhand Students Union
16    MRITYUNJAY MAHATO    M    46    Independent
S25    36    WB    BANKURA    30-Apr-09    1    BASUDEB ACHARIA    M    67    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    LAKSHMI SARKAR    F    54    Independent
3    SUBRATA MUKHERJEE    M    63    Indian National Congress
4    BYASDEB CHAKRABORTTY    M    37    Janata Dal (United)
5    PARESH MARANDI    M    54    Independent
6    PRABIR BANERJEE    M    36    Independent
7    SUDHIR KUMAR MURMU    M    40    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
8    GANESH ROY    M    34    Bahujan Samaj Party
9    RAHUL (BISWAJIT) SINHA    M    45    Bharatiya Janata Party
10    ASWINI DULEY    M    51    Jharkhand Party (Naren)
11    TAPAN KUMAR PATHAK    M    27    Rashtriya Dehat Morcha Party
S25    37    WB    BISHNUPUR    30-Apr-09    1    SUSMITA BAURI    F    34    Communist Party of India (Marxist)
2    UMA KANTA BHAKAT    M    62    Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
3    TAPAS DAS    M    31    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
4    UTTAM BOURI    M    30    Independent
5    SEULI SAHA    F    39    All India Trinamool Congress
6    JAYANTA MONDAL    M    53    Bharatiya Janata Party
7    MANIK BAURI    M    43    Bahujan Samaj Party
U03    1    DN    DADAR & NAGAR HAVELI    30-Apr-09    1    DELKAR MOHANBHAI SANJIBHAI    M    46    Indian National Congress
2    PATEL SUMANBHAI THAKORBHAI    M    37    Indian National Congress
3    PATEL NATUBHAI GOMANBHAI    M    36    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    MADHA JATARIYABHAI BUDHIYABHAI    M    33    Bharatiya Janata Party
5    BIJ YOHANBHAI BHADIYABHAI    M    36    Bahujan Samaj Party
6    RAJESH PRABHUBHAI PATEL    M    38    Independent
7    MISHAL LAXMANBHAI NAVSUBHAI    M    39    Independent
8    GAVIT BARAKBHAI JAURBHAI    M    38    Independent
9    KHULAT BHIKALYABHAI VANSYABHAI    M    40    Independent
S07    2    HR    KURUKSHETRA    7-May-09    1    VISHNU BHAGWAN    M    61    Independent
S07    6    HR    SONIPAT    7-May-09    1    SHIV NARAYAN    M    45    Independent
2    JITENDER SINGH    M    40    Indian National Congress
3    JITENDER SINGH    M    40    Indian National Congress
S19    10    PB    FEROZPUR    7-May-09    1    MATHRA DASS    M    73    Proutist Sarva Samaj
S19    11    PB    BATHINDA    7-May-09    1    HARDEV SINGH ARSHI    M    59    Communist Party of India
2    HARDEV SINGH ARSHI    M    59    Communist Party of India
S19    12    PB    SANGRUR    7-May-09    1    TARSEM JODHAN    M    59    Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
S20    3    RJ    CHURU    7-May-09    1    SALIM GUJAR    M    39    Independent
2    RAM SINGH KASWAN    M    63    Bharatiya Janata Party
3    KAMALA KASWAN    F    63    Bharatiya Janata Party
4    YUSUF KHAN    M    46    Independent
S20    15    RJ    PALI    7-May-09    1    PUSP JAIN    M    52    Bharatiya Janata Party
S20    18    RJ    JALORE    7-May-09    1    SUKHRAJ    M    66    Independent
2    SHANTI PARMAR    F    48    Independent
S20    23    RJ    BHILWARA    7-May-09    1    VIJAYENDRA PAL SINGH    M    61    Bharatiya Janata Party
S24    15    UP    ALIGARH    7-May-09    1    RAJ KUMARI CHAUHAN    F    46    Bahujan Samaj Party
S24    17    UP    MATHURA    7-May-09    1    UDYAN SHARMA    M    42    Samajwadi Party
2    PHAKKAD BABA    M    64    Independent
S24    40    UP    FARRUKHABAD    7-May-09    1    SWAMI SACHIDANAND HARI SAKSHI    M    53    Rashtriya Kranti Party
S24    42    UP    KANNAUJ    7-May-09    1    MAHESH CHANDRA    M    53    Bahujan Samaj Party
2    AKHILESH YADAV    M    35    Samajwadi Party
S25    27    WB    SRERAMPUR    7-May-09    1    KALYAN BANERJEE    M    52    All India Trinamool Congress

A toast to each and all of you in your endeavours in these hot summer months and Jai Hind.

Subroto Roy, Kolkata

Postscript:  I shall be grateful if any inadvertent errors or ommissions are kindly brought to notice by sending in a  comment on the post.  Thanks in advance.

Alfred Lyall on Christians, Muslims, India, China, Etc, 1908

“THE STATE IN ITS RELATION TO EASTERN AND WESTERN RELIGIONS” By Sir Alfred Comyn Lyall (1835-1911)

Delivered as President of the Congress for the History of Religions, September 1908.—Fortnightly Review, November 1908.

“In considering the subject of my address, I have been confronted by this difficulty—that in the sections which regulate the order of our proceedings, we have a list of papers that range over all the principal religions, ancient and modern, that have existed and still exist in the world. They are to be treated and discussed by experts whose scholarship, particular studies, and close research entitle them all to address you authoritatively. I have no such special qualifications; and in any case it would be most presumptuous in me to trespass upon their ground. All that I can venture to do, therefore, in the remarks which I propose to address to you to-day, is to attempt a brief general survey of the history of religions from a standpoint which may possibly not fall within the scope of these separate papers.

The four great religions now prevailing in the world, which are historical in the sense that they have been long known to history, I take to be—Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism. Having regard to their origin and derivation, to their history and character, I may be permitted, for my present purpose only, to class the two former as the Religions of the West, and the two latter as the Religions of the East. These are the faiths which still maintain a mighty influence over the minds of mankind. And my object is to compare the political relations, the attitude, maintained toward them, from time to time, by the States and rulers of the people over which these religions have established their spiritual dominion.

The religion of the Jews is not included, though its influence has been incalculable, because it has been caught up, so to speak, into Christianity and Islam, and cannot therefore be counted among those which have made a partition of the religious world. For this reason, perhaps, it has retained to this day its ancient denomination, derived from the tribe or country of its origin; whereas the others are named from a Faith or a Founder. The word Nazarene, denoting the birthplace of Christianity, which is said to be still used in that region, was, as we know, very speedily superseded by its wider title, as the Creed broke out of local limits and was proclaimed universal. There has evidently been a foretime, though it is prehistorical, when, so far as we know, mankind was universally polytheistic; when innumerable rites and worships prevailed without restraint, springing up and contending with each other like the trees in a primeval forest, reflecting a primitive and precarious condition of human society.

I take polytheism to have been, in this earliest stage, the wild growth of superstitious imagination, varied indefinitely by the pressure of circumstance, by accident, by popular caprice, or by the good or evil fortunes of the community. In this stage it can now be seen among barbarous tribes—as, for instance, in Central Africa. And some traces of it still survive, under different pretexts and disguises, in the lowest strata of civilised nations, where it may be said to represent the natural reluctance of the vagrant human fancy to be satisfied with higher forms and purer conceptions that are always imperfectly assimilated by the multitude. Among primitive societies the spheres of human and divine affairs were intermixed and identical; they could not be disentangled. But with the growth of political institutions came gradual separation, or at any rate the subordination of religion to the practical necessities of orderly government and public morals.

That polytheism can exist and flourish in the midst of a highly intellectual and civilised society, we know from the history of Greece and Rome. But in ancient Greece its direct influence upon political affairs seems to have been slight; though it touched at some points upon morality. The function of the State, according to Greek ideas, was to legislate for all the departments of human life and to uphold the moral standard. The law prohibited sacrilege and profanity; it punished open impiety that might bring down divine wrath upon the people at large. The philosophers taught rational ethics; they regarded the popular superstitions with indulgent contempt; but they inculcated the duty of honouring the gods, and the observance of public ceremonial. Beyond these limits the practice of local and customary worship was, I think, free and unrestrained; though I need hardly add that toleration, as understood by the States of antiquity, was a very different thing from the modern principle of religious neutrality. Under the Roman government the connection between the State and religion was much closer, as the dominion of Rome expanded and its power became centralised. The Roman State maintained a strict control and superintendence over the official rituals and worships, which were regulated as a department of the administration, to bind the people together by established rites and worships, in order to cement political and social unity. It is true that the usages of the tribes and principalities that were conquered and annexed were left undisturbed; for the Roman policy, like that of the English in India, was to avoid giving offence to religion; and undoubtedly this policy, in both instances, materially facilitated the rapid building up of a wide dominion. Nevertheless, there was a tendency to draw in the worship toward a common centre. The deities of the conquered provinces were respected and conciliated; the Roman generals even appealed to them for protection and favour, yet they became absorbed and assimilated under Roman names; they were often identified with the gods of the Roman pantheon, and were frequently superseded by the victorious divinities of the new rulers—the strange deities, in fact, were Romanised as well as the foreign tribes and cities. After this manner the Roman empire combined the tolerance of great religious diversity with the supremacy of a centralised government. Political amalgamation brought about a fusion of divine attributes; and latterly the emperor was adored as the symbol of manifest power, ruler and pontiff; he was the visible image of supreme authority. This régime was easily accepted by the simple unsophisticated paganism of Europe. The Romans, with all their statecraft, had as yet no experience of a high religious temperature, of enthusiastic devotion and divine mysteries. But as their conquest and commerce spread eastward, the invasion of Asia let in upon Europe a flood of Oriental divinities, and thus Rome came into contact with much stronger and deeper spiritual forces. The European polytheism might be utilised and administered, the Asiatic deities could not be domesticated and subjected to regulation; the Oriental orgies and strange rites broke in upon the organised State worship; the new ideas and practices came backed by a profound and fervid spiritualism. Nevertheless the Roman policy of bringing religion under authoritative control was more or less successful even in the Asiatic provinces of the empire; the privileges of the temples were restricted; the priesthoods were placed under the general superintendence of the proconsular officials; and Roman divinities gradually found their way into the Asiatic pantheon. But we all know that the religion of the Roman empire was falling into multitudinous confusion when Christianity arose—an austere exclusive faith, with its army of saints, ascetics, and unflinching martyrs, proclaiming worship to be due to one God only, and sternly refusing to acknowledge the divinity of the emperor. Against such a faith an incoherent disorderly polytheism could make no better stand than tribal levies against a disciplined army. The new religion struck directly at the sacrifices that symbolised imperial unity; the passive resistance of Christians was necessarily treated as rebellion, the State made implacable war upon them. Yet the spiritual and moral forces won the victory, and Christianity established itself throughout the empire. Universal religion, following upon universal civil dominion, completed the levelling of local and national distinctions. The Churches rapidly grew into authority superior to the State within their own jurisdiction; they called in the temporal government to enforce theological decisions and to put down heresies; they founded a powerful hierarchy. The earlier Roman constitution had made religion an instrument of administration. When one religion became universal, the churches enlisted the civil ruler into the service of orthodoxy; they converted the State into an instrument for enforcing religion. The pagan empire had issued edicts against Christianity and had suppressed Christian assemblies as tainted with disaffection; the Christian emperors enacted laws against the rites and worships of paganism, and closed temples. It was by the supreme authority of Constantine that, for the first time in the religious history of the world, uniformity of belief was defined by a creed, and sanctioned by the ruler’s assent.

Then came, in Western Europe, the time when the empire at Rome was rent asunder by the inrush of barbarians; but upon its ruins was erected the great Catholic Church of the Papacy, which preserved in the ecclesiastical domain the autocratic imperial tradition. The primacy of the Roman Church, according to Harnack, is essentially the transference to her of Rome’s central position in the religions of the heathen world; the Church united the western races, disunited politically, under the common denomination of Christianity. Yet Christianity had not long established itself throughout all the lands, in Europe and Asia, which had once been under the Roman sovereignty, when the violent irruptions of Islam upset not only the temporal but also the spiritual dominion throughout Western Asia, and along the southern shores of the Mediterranean. The Eastern empire at Constantinople had been weakened by bitter theological dissensions and heresies among the Christians; the votaries of the new, simple, unswerving faith of Mohammed were ardent and unanimous.

In Egypt and Syria the Mohammedans were speedily victorious; the Latin Church and even the Latin language were swept out of North Africa. In Persia the Sassanian dynasty was overthrown, and although there was no immediate and total conversion of the people, Mohammedanism gradually superseded the ancient Zoroastrian cultus as the religion of the Persian State. It was not long before the armies of Islam had triumphed from the Atlantic coast to the Jaxartes river in Central Asia; and conversion followed, speedily or slowly, as the direct result of conquest. Moreover, the Mohammedans invaded Europe. In the south-west they subdued almost all Spain; and in the south-east they destroyed, some centuries later, the Greek empire, though not the Greek Church, and consolidated a mighty rulership at Constantinople. With this prolonged conflict between Islam and Christianity along the borderlands of Europe and Asia began the era of those religious wars that have darkened the history of the Western nations, and have perpetuated the inveterate antipathy between Asiatic and European races, which the spread of Christianity into both continents had softened and might have healed. In the end Christianity has fixed itself permanently in Europe, while Islam is strongly established throughout half Asia. But the sharp collision between the two faiths, the clash of armies bearing the cross and the crescent, generated fierce fanaticism on both sides. The Crusades kindled a fiery militant and missionary spirit previously unknown to religions, whereby religious propagation became the mainspring and declared object of conquest and colonisation.

Finally, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries the great secession from the Roman Church divided the nations of Western Europe into hostile camps, and throughout the long wars of that period political jealousies and ambitions were inflamed by religious animosities. In Eastern Europe the Greek Church fell under almost complete subordination to the State. The history of Europe and Western Asia records, therefore, a close connection and community of interests between the States and the orthodox faiths; a combination which has had a very potent influence, during many centuries, upon the course of civil affairs, upon the fortunes, or misfortunes, of nations.

Up to the sixteenth century, at least, it was universally held, by Christianity and by Islam, that the State was bound to enforce orthodoxy; conversion and the suppression or expulsion of heretics were public duties. Unity of creed was thought necessary for national unity—a government could not undertake to maintain authority, or preserve the allegiance of its subjects, in a realm divided and distracted by sectarian controversies. On these principles Christianity and Islam were consolidated, in union with the States or in close alliance with them; and the geographical boundaries of these two faiths, and of their internal divisions respectively, have not materially changed up to the present day.

Let me now turn to the history of religion in those countries of further Asia, which were never reached by Greek or Roman conquest or civilisation, where the ancient forms of worship and conceptions of divinity, which existed before Christianity and Islam, still flourish. And here I shall only deal with the relations of the State to religion in India and China and their dependencies, because these vast and populous empires contain the two great religions, Hinduism and Buddhism, of purely Asiatic origin and character, which have assimilated to a large extent, and in a certain degree elevated, the indigenous polytheism, and which still exercise a mighty influence over the spiritual and moral condition of many millions. We know what a tremendous power religion has been in the wars and politics of the West. I submit that in Eastern Asia, beyond the pale of Islam, the history of religion has been very different. Religious wars—I mean wars caused by the conflict of militant faiths contending for superiority—were, I believe, unknown on any great scale to the ancient civilisations. It seems to me that until Islam invaded India the great religious movements and changes in that region had seldom or never been the consequence of, nor had been materially affected by, wars, conquests, or political revolutions. Throughout Europe and Mohammedan Asia the indigenous deities and their temples have disappeared centuries ago; they have been swept away by the forces of Church and State combined to exterminate them; they have all yielded to the lofty overruling ideal of monotheism.

But the tide of Mohammedanism reached its limit in India; the people, though conquered, were but partly converted, and eastward of India there have been no important Mohammedan rulerships. On this side of Asia, therefore, two great religions, Buddhism and Brahmanism, have held their ground from times far anterior to Christianity; they have retained the elastic comprehensive character of polytheism, purified and elevated by higher conceptions, developed by the persistent competition of diverse ideas and forms among the people, unrestrained by attempts of superior organised faiths to obliterate the lower and weaker species. In that region political despotism has prevailed immemorially; religious despotism, in the sense of the legal establishment of one faith or worship to the exclusion of all others, of uniformity imposed by coercion, of proselytism by persecution, is unknown to history: the governments have been absolute and personal; the religions have been popular and democratic. They have never been identified so closely with the ruling power as to share its fortunes, or to be used for the consolidation of successful conquest. Nor, on the other hand, has a ruler ever found it necessary, for the security of his throne, to conform to the religion of his subjects, and to abjure all others. The political maxim, that the sovereign and his subjects should be of one and the same religion, ‘Cujus regio ejus religio’, has never prevailed in this part of the world.

And although in India, the land of their common origin, Buddhism widely displaced and overlaid Brahmanism, while it was in its turn, after several centuries, overcome and ejected by a Brahmanic revival, yet I believe that history records no violent contests or collisions between them; nor do we know that the armed force of the State played any decisive part in these spiritual revolutions. I do not maintain that Buddhism has owed nothing to State influence. It represents certain doctrines of the ancient Indian theosophy, incarnate, as one might say, in the figure of a spiritual Master, the Indian prince, Sakya Gautama, who was the type and example of ascetic quietism; it embodies the idea of salvation, or emancipation attainable by man’s own efforts, without aid from priests or divinities. Buddhism is the earliest, by many centuries, of the faiths that claim descent from a personal founder. It emerges into authentic history with the empire of Asoka, who ruled over the greater part of India some 250 years before Christ, and its propagation over his realm and the countries adjacent is undoubtedly due to the influence, example, and authority of that devout monarch.

According to Mr. Vincent Smith, from whose valuable work on the Early History of India I take the description of Asoka’s religious policy, the king, renouncing after one necessary war all further military conquest, made it the business of his life to employ his autocratic power in directing the preaching and teaching of the Law of Piety, which he had learnt from his Buddhist priesthood. All his high officers were commanded to instruct the people in the way of salvation; he sent missions to foreign countries; he issued edicts promulgating ethical doctrines, and the rules of a devout life; he made pilgrimages to the sacred places; and finally he assumed the yellow robe of a Buddhist monk.

Asoka elevated, so Mr. Smith has said, a sect of Hinduism to the rank of a world-religion. Nevertheless, I think it may be affirmed that the emperor consistently refrained from the forcible conversion of his subjects, and indeed the use of compulsion would have apparently been a breach of his own edicts, which insist on the principle of toleration, and declare the propagation of the Law of Piety to be his sole object. Asoka made no attempt to persecute Brahmanism; and it seems clear that the extraordinary success of Buddhism in India cannot be attributed to war or to conquest. To imperial influence and example much must be ascribed, yet I think Buddhism owed much more to its spiritual potency, to its superior faculty of transmuting and assimilating, instead of abolishing, the elementary instincts and worships, endowing them with a higher significance, attracting and stimulating devotion by impressive rites and ceremonies, impressing upon the people the dogma of the soul’s transmigration and its escape from the miseries of sentient existence by the operation of merits. And of all great religions it is the least political, for the practice of asceticism and quietism, of monastic seclusion from the working world, is necessarily adverse to any active connection with mundane affairs.

I do not know that the mysterious disappearance of Buddhism from India can be accounted for by any great political revolution, like that which brought Islam into India. It seems to have vanished before the Mohammedans had gained any footing in the country.

Meanwhile Buddhism is said to have penetrated into the Chinese empire by the first century of the Christian era. Before that time the doctrines of Confucius and Laotze were the dominant philosophies; rather moral than religious, though ancestral worship and the propitiation of spirits were not disallowed, and were to a certain extent enjoined. Laotze, the apostle of Taoism, appears to have preached a kind of Stoicism—the observance of the order of Nature in searching for the right way of salvation, the abhorrence of vicious sensuality—and the cultivation of humility, self-sacrifice, and simplicity of life. He condemned altogether the use of force in the sphere of religion or morality; though he admitted that it might be necessary for the purposes of civil government. The system of Confucius inculcated justice, benevolence, self-control, obedience and loyalty to the sovereign—all the civic virtues; it was a moral code without a metaphysical background; the popular worships were tolerated, reverence for ancestors conduced to edification; the gods were to be honoured, though it was well to keep aloof from them; he disliked religious fervour, and of things beyond experience he had nothing to say.

Buddhism, with its contempt for temporal affairs, treating life as a mere burden, and the soul’s liberation from existence as the end and object of meditative devotion, must have imported a new and disturbing element into the utilitarian philosophies of ancient China. For many centuries Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism are said to have contended for the patronage and recognition of the Chinese emperors. Buddhism was alternately persecuted and protected, expelled and restored by imperial decree. Priesthoods and monastic orders are institutions of which governments are naturally jealous; the monasteries were destroyed or rebuilt, sacerdotal orders and celibacy suppressed or encouraged by imperial decrees, according to the views and prepossessions of successive dynasties or emperors. Nevertheless the general policy of Chinese rulers and ministers seems not to have varied essentially. Their administrative principle was that religion must be prevented from interfering with affairs of State, that abuses and superstitious extravagances are not so much offences against orthodoxy as matters for the police, and as such must be put down by the secular arm. Upon this policy successive dynasties appear to have acted continuously up to the present day in China, where the relations of the State to religions are, I think, without parallel elsewhere in the modern world. One may find some resemblance to the attitude of the Roman emperors towards rites and worships among the population, in the Chinese emperor’s reverent observance and regulation of the rites and ceremonies performed by him as the religious chief and representative before Heaven of the great national interests. The deification of deceased emperors is a solemn rite ordained by proclamation. As the Ius sacrum, the body of rights and duties in the matter of religion, was regarded in Rome as a department of the Ius publicum, belonging to the fundamental constitution of the State, so in China the ritual code was incorporated into the statute books, and promulgated with imperial sanction. Now we know that in Rome the established ritual was legally prescribed, though otherwise strange deities and their worships were admitted indiscriminately. But the Chinese Government goes much further. It appears to regard all novel superstitions, and especially foreign worships, as the hotbed of sedition and disloyalty. Unlicensed deities and sects are put down by the police; magicians and sorcerers are arrested; and the peculiar Chinese practice of canonising deceased officials and paying sacrificial honours to local celebrities after death is strictly reserved by the Board of Ceremonies for imperial consideration and approval. The Censor, to whom any proposal of this kind must be entrusted, is admonished that he must satisfy himself by inquiry of its validity. An official who performs sacred rites in honour of a spirit or holy personage not recognised by the Ritual Code, was liable, under laws that may be still in force, to corporal punishment; and the adoration by private families of spirits whose worship is reserved for public ceremonial was a heinous offence. No such rigorous control over the multiplication of rites and deities has been instituted elsewhere. On the other hand, while in other countries the State has recognised no more than one established religion, the Chinese Government formally recognises three denominations. Buddhism has been sanctioned by various edicts and endowments, yet the State divinities belong to the Taoist pantheon, and their worship is regulated by public ordinances; while Confucianism represents official orthodoxy, and its precepts embody the latitudinarian spirit of the intellectual classes. We know that the Chinese people make use, so to speak, of all three religions indiscriminately, according to their individual whims, needs, or experience of results. So also a politic administration countenances these divisions and probably finds some interest in maintaining them. The morality of the people requires some religious sanction; and it is this element with which the State professes its chief concern. We are told on good authority that one of the functions of high officials is to deliver public lectures freely criticising and discouraging indolent monasticism and idolatry from the standpoint of rational ethics, as follies that are reluctantly tolerated. Yet the Government has never been able to keep down the fanatics, mystics, and heretical sects that are incessantly springing up in China, as elsewhere in Asia; though they are treated as pestilent rebels and law-breakers, to be exterminated by massacre and cruel punishments; and bloody repression of this kind has been the cause of serious insurrections. It is to be observed that all religious persecution is by the direct action of the State, not instigated or insisted upon by a powerful orthodox priesthood. But a despotic administration which undertakes to control and circumscribe all forms and manifestations of superstition in a vast polytheistic multitude of its subjects, is inevitably driven to repressive measures of the utmost severity. Neither Christianity nor Islam attempted to regulate polytheism, their mission was to exterminate it, and they succeeded mainly because in those countries the State was acting with the support and under the uncompromising pressure of a dominant church or faith. Some writers have noticed a certain degree of resemblance between the policy of the Roman empire and that of the Chinese empire toward religion. We may read in Gibbon that the Roman magistrates regarded the various modes of worship as equally useful, that sages and heroes were exalted to immortality and entitled to reverence and adoration, and that philosophic officials, viewing with indulgence the superstitions of the multitude, diligently practised the ceremonies of their fathers. So far, indeed, his description of the attitude of the State toward polytheism may be applicable to China; but although the Roman and Chinese emperors both assumed the rank of divinity, and were supreme in the department of worships, the Roman administration never attempted to regulate and restrain polytheism at large on the Chinese system. The religion of the Gentiles, said Hobbes, is a part of their policy; and it may be said that this is still the policy of Oriental monarchies, who admit no separation between the secular and the ecclesiastic jurisdiction. They would agree with Hobbes that temporal and spiritual government are but two words brought into the world to make men see double and mistake their lawful sovereign. But while in Mohammedan Asia the State upholds orthodox uniformity, in China and Japan the mainspring of all such administrative action is political expediency. It may be suggested that in the mind of these far-Eastern people religion has never been conceived as something quite apart from human experience and the affairs of the visible world; for Buddhism, with its metaphysical doctrines, is a foreign importation, corrupted and materialised in China and Japan. And we may observe that from among the Mongolian races, which have produced mighty conquerors and founded famous dynasties from Constantinople to Pekin, no mighty prophet, no profound spiritual teacher, has arisen. Yet in China, as throughout all the countries of the Asiatic mainland, an enthusiast may still gather together ardent proselytes, and fresh revelations may create among the people unrest that may ferment and become heated up to the degree of fanaticism, and explode against attempts made to suppress it. The Taeping insurrection, which devastated cities and provinces in China, and nearly overthrew the Manchu dynasty, is a striking example of the volcanic fires that underlie the surface of Asiatic societies. It was quenched in torrents of blood after lasting some ten years. And very recently there has been a determined revolt of the Lamas in Eastern Tibet, where the provincial administration is, as we know, sacerdotal.

The imperial troops are said to be crushing it with unrelenting severity. These are the perilous experiences of a philosophic Government that assumes charge and control over the religions of some three hundred millions of Asiatics.

I can only make a hasty reference to Japan. In that country the relations of the State to religions appear to have followed the Chinese model. Buddhism, Confucianism, Shintoism, are impartially recognised. The emperor presides over official worship as high priest of his people; the liturgical ordinances are issued by imperial rescripts not differing in form from other public edicts. The dominant article of faith is the divinity of Japan and its emperor; and Shinto, the worship of the gods of nature, is understood to be patronised chiefly with the motive of preserving the national traditions. But in Japan the advance of modern science and enlightened scepticism may have diminished the importance of the religious department. Shinto, says a recent writer, still embodies the religion of the people; yet in 1877 a decree was issued declaring it to be no more than a convenient system of State ceremonial.[ The Development of Religion in Japan, G. W. Knox, 1907] And in 1889 an article of the constitution granted freedom of belief and worship to all Japanese subjects, without prejudice to peace, order, and loyalty.

In India the religious situation is quite different. I think it is without parallel elsewhere in the world. Here we are at the fountainhead of metaphysical theology, of ideas that have flowed eastward and westward across Asia. And here, also, we find every species of primitive polytheism, unlimited and multitudinous; we can survey a confused medley of divinities, of rites and worships incessantly varied by popular whim and fancy, by accidents, and by the pressure of changing circumstances. Hinduism permits any doctrine to be taught, any sort of theory to be held regarding the divine attributes and manifestations, the forces of nature, or the mysterious functions of mind or body. Its tenets have never been circumscribed by a creed; its free play has never been checked or regulated by State authority. Now, at first sight, this is not unlike the popular polytheism of the ancient world, before the triumph of Christianity. There are passages in St. Augustine’s Civitas Dei, describing the worship of the unconverted pagans among whom he lived, that might have been written yesterday by a Christian bishop in India. And we might ask why all this polytheism was not swept out from among such a highly intellectual people as the Indians, with their restless pursuit of divine knowledge, by some superior faith, by some central idea. Undoubtedly the material and moral conditions, and the course of events which combine to stamp a particular form of religion upon any great people, are complex and manifold; but into this inquiry I cannot go. I can only point out that the institution of caste has riveted down Hindu society into innumerable divisions upon a general religious basis, and that the sacred books separated the Hindu theologians into different schools, preventing uniformity of worship or of creed. And it is to be observed that these books are not historical; they give no account of the rise and spread of a faith. The Hindu theologian would say, in the words of an early Christian father, that the objects of divine knowledge are not historical, that they can only be apprehended intellectually, that within experience there is no reality. And the fact that Brahmanism has no authentic inspired narrative, that it is the only great religion not concentrated round the life and teachings of a person, may be one reason why it has remained diffuse and incoherent. All ways of salvation are still open to the Hindus; the canon of their scripture has never been authoritatively closed. New doctrines, new sects, fresh theological controversies, are incessantly modifying and superseding the old scholastic interpretations of the mysteries, for Hindus, like Asiatics everywhere, are still in that condition of mind when a fresh spiritual message is eagerly received. Vishnu and Siva are the realistic abstractions of the understanding from objects of sense, from observation of the destructive and reproductive operations of nature; they represent among educated men separate systems of worship which, again, are parted into different schools or theories regarding the proper ways and methods of attaining to spiritual emancipation. Yet the higher philosophy and the lower polytheism are not mutually antagonistic; on the contrary, they support each other; for Brahmanism accepts and allies itself with the popular forms of idolatry, treating them as outward visible signs of an inner truth, as indications of all-pervading pantheism. The peasant and the philosopher reverence the same deity, perform the same rite; they do not mean the same thing, but they do not quarrel on this account. Nevertheless, it is certainly remarkable that this inorganic medley of ideas and worships should have resisted for so many ages the invasion and influence of the coherent faiths that have won ascendancy, complete or dominant, on either side of India, the west and the east; it has thrown off Buddhism, it has withstood the triumphant advance of Islam, it has as yet been little affected by Christianity. Probably the political history of India may account in some degree for its religious disorganisation. I may propound the theory that no religion has obtained supremacy, or at any rate definite establishment, in any great country except with the active co-operation, by force or favour, of the rulers, whether by conquest, as in Western Asia, or by patronage and protection, as in China. The direct influence and recognition of the State has been an indispensable instrument of religious consolidation. But until the nineteenth century the whole of India, from the mountains to the sea, had never been united under one stable government; the country was for ages parcelled out into separate principalities, incessantly contending for territory. And even the Moghul empire, which was always at war upon its frontiers, never acquired universal dominion. The Moghul emperors, except Aurungzeb, were by no means bigoted Mohammedans; and their obvious interest was to abstain from meddling with Hinduism. Yet the irruption of Islam into India seems rather to have stimulated religious activity among the Hindus, for during the Mohammedan period various spiritual teachers arose, new sects were formed, and theological controversies divided the intellectual classes. To these movements the Mohammedan governments must have been for a long time indifferent; and among the new sects the principle of mutual toleration was universal. Towards the close of the Moghul empire, however, Hinduism, provoked by the bigotry of the Emperor Aurungzeb, became a serious element of political disturbance. Attempts to suppress forcibly the followers of Nanak Guru, and the execution of one spiritual leader of the Sikhs, turned the Sikhs from inoffensive quietists into fanatical warriors; and by the eighteenth century they were in open revolt against the empire. They were, I think, the most formidable embodiment of militant Hinduism known to Indian history. By that time, also, the Marathas in South-West India were declaring themselves the champions of the Hindu religion against the Mohammedan oppression; and to the Sikhs and Marathas the dislocation of the Moghul empire may be very largely attributed. We have here a notable example of the dynamic power upon politics of revolts that are generated by religious fermentation, and a proof of the strength that can be exerted by a pacific inorganic polytheism in self-defence, when ambitious rebels proclaim themselves defenders of a faith. The Marathas and the Sikhs founded the only rulerships whose armies could give the English serious trouble in the field during the nineteenth century. On the whole, however, when we survey the history of India, and compare it with that of Western Asia, we may say that although the Hindus are perhaps the most intensely religious people in the world, Hinduism has never been, like Christianity, Islam, and to some extent Buddhism, a religion established by the State. Nor has it suffered much from the State’s power. It seems strange, indeed, that Mohammedanism, a compact proselytising faith, closely united with the civil rulership, should have so slightly modified, during seven centuries of dominion, this infinitely divided polytheism. Of course, Mohammedanism made many converts, and annexed a considerable number of the population—yet the effect was rather to stiffen than to loosen the bonds that held the mass of the people to their traditional divinities, and to the institution of castes. Moreover the antagonism of the two religions, the popular and the dynastic, was a perpetual element of weakness in a Mohammedan empire. In India polytheism could not be crushed, as in Western Asia, by Islam; neither could it be controlled and administered, as in Eastern Asia; yet the Moghul emperors managed to keep on good terms with it, so long as they adhered to a policy of toleration. To the Mohammedan empire has succeeded another foreign dominion, which practises not merely tolerance but complete religious neutrality.

Looking back over the period of a hundred years, from 1757 to 1857, during which the British dominion was gradually extended over India, we find that the British empire, like the Roman, met with little or no opposition from religion. Hindus and Mohammedans, divided against each other, were equally willing to form alliances with, and to fight on the side of, the foreigner who kept religion entirely outside politics. And the British Government, when established, has so carefully avoided offence to caste or creed that on one great occasion only, the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, have the smouldering fires of credulous fanaticism broken out against our rule. I believe the British-Indian position of complete religious neutrality to be unique among Asiatic governments, and almost unknown in Europe. The Anglo-Indian sovereignty does not identify itself with the interests of a single faith, as in Mohammedan kingdoms, nor does it recognise a definite ecclesiastical jurisdiction in things spiritual, as in Catholic Europe. Still less has our Government adopted the Chinese system of placing the State at the head of different rituals for the purpose of controlling them all, and proclaiming an ethical code to be binding on all denominations. The British ruler, while avowedly Christian, ignores all religions administratively, interfering only to suppress barbarous or indecent practices when the advance of civilisation has rendered them obsolete. Public instruction, so far as the State is concerned, is entirely secular; the universal law is the only authorised guardian of morals; to expound moral duties officially, as things apart from religion, has been found possible in China, but not in India. But the Chinese Government can issue edicts enjoining public morality and rationalism because the State takes part in the authorised worship of the people, and the emperor assumes pontifical office. The British Government in India, on the other hand, disowns official connection with any religion. It places all its measures on the sole ground of reasonable expediency, of efficient administration; it seeks to promote industry and commerce, and material civilisation generally; it carefully avoids giving any religious colour whatever to its public acts; and the result is that our Government, notwithstanding its sincere professions of absolute neutrality, is sometimes suspected of regarding all religion with cynical indifference, possibly even with hostility. Moreover, religious neutrality, though it is right, just, and the only policy which the English in India could possibly adopt, has certain political disadvantages. The two most potent influences which still unite and divide the Asiatic peoples, are race and religion; a Government which represents both these forces, as, for instance, in Afghanistan, has deep roots in a country. A dynasty that can rely on the support of an organised religion, and stands forth as the champion of a dominant faith, has a powerful political power at its command. The Turkish empire, weak, ill-governed, repeatedly threatened with dismemberment, embarrassed internally by the conflict of races, has been preserved for the last hundred years by its incorporation with the faith of Islam, by the Sultan’s claim to the Caliphate. To attack it is to assault a religious citadel; it is the bulwark on the west of Mohammedan Asia, as Afghanistan is the frontier fortress of Islam on the east. A leading Turkish politician has very recently said: ‘It is in Islam pure and simple that lies the strength of Turkey as an independent State; and if the Sultan’s position as religious chief were encroached upon by constitutional reforms, the whole Ottoman empire would be in danger.’ We have to remember that for ages religious enthusiasm has been, and still is in some parts of Asia, one of the strongest incentives to military ardour and fidelity to a standard on the battlefield. Identity of creed has often proved more effective, in war, than territorial patriotism; it has surmounted racial and tribal antipathies; while religious antagonism is still in many countries a standing impediment to political consolidation. When, therefore, we survey the history of religions, though this sketch is necessarily very imperfect and inadequate, we find Mohammedanism still identified with the fortunes of Mohammedan rulers; and we know that for many centuries the relations of Christianity to European States have been very close. In Europe the ardent perseverance and intellectual superiority of great theologians, of ecclesiastical statesmen supported by autocratic rulers, have hardened and beat out into form doctrines and liturgies that it was at one time criminal to disregard or deny, dogmatic articles of faith that were enforced by law. By these processes orthodoxy emerged compact, sharply defined, irresistible, out of the strife and confusion of heresies; the early record of the churches has pages spotted with tears and stained with blood. But at the present time European States seem inclined to dissolve their alliance with the churches, and to arrange a kind of judicial separation between the altar and the throne, though in very few cases has a divorce been made absolute. No State, in civilised countries, now assists in the propagation of doctrine; and ecclesiastical influence is of very little service to a Government. The civil law, indeed, makes continual encroachments on the ecclesiastical domain, questions its authority, and usurps its jurisdiction. Modern erudition criticises the historical authenticity of the scriptures, philosophy tries to undermine the foundations of belief; the governments find small interest in propping up edifices that are shaken by internal controversies. In Mohammedan Asia, on the other hand, the connection between the orthodox faith and the States is firmly maintained, for the solidarity is so close that disruptions would be dangerous, and a Mohammedan rulership over a majority of unbelievers would still be perilously unstable. I have thus endeavoured to show that the historical relations of Buddhism and Hinduism to the State have been in the past, and are still in the present time, very different from the situation in the West. There has always existed, I submit, one essential distinction of principle. Religious propagation, forcible conversion, aided and abetted by the executive power of the State, and by laws against heresy or dissent, have been defended in the West by the doctors of Islam, and formerly by Christian theologians, by the axiom that all means are justifiable for extirpating false teachers who draw souls to perdition. The right and duty of the civil magistrate to maintain truth, in regard to which Bossuet declared all Christians to be unanimous, and which is still affirmed in the Litany of our Church, is a principle from which no Government, three centuries ago, dissented in theory, though in practice it needed cautious handling. I do not think that this principle ever found its way into Hinduism or Buddhism; I doubt, that is to say, whether the civil government was at any time called in to undertake or assist propagation of those religions as part of its duty. Nor do I know that the States of Eastern Asia, beyond the pale of Islam, claim or exercise the right of insisting on conformance to particular doctrines, because they are true. The erratic manifestations of the religious spirit throughout Asia, constantly breaking out in various forms and figures, in thaumaturgy, mystical inspiration, in orgies and secret societies, have always disquieted these Asiatic States, yet, so far as I can ascertain, the employment of force to repress them has always been justified on administrative or political grounds, as distinguishable from theological motives pure and simple. Sceptics and agnostics have been often marked out for persecution in the West, but I do not think that they have been molested in India, China, or Japan, where they abound, because they seldom meddle with politics.[ 'Atheism did never disturb States' (Bacon)]. It may perhaps be admitted, however, that a Government which undertakes to regulate impartially all rites and worship among its subjects is at a disadvantage by comparison with a Government that acts as the representative of a great church or an exclusive faith. It bears the sole undivided responsibility for measures of repression; it cannot allege divine command or even the obligation of punishing impiety for the public good. To conclude. In Asiatic States the superintendence of religious affairs is an integral attribute of the sovereignty, which no Government, except the English in India, has yet ventured to relinquish; and even in India this is not done without some risk, for religion and politics are still intermingled throughout the world; they act and react upon each other everywhere. They are still far from being disentangled in our own country, where the theory that a Government in its collective character must profess and even propagate some religion has not been very long obsolete. It was maintained seventy years ago by a great statesman who was already rising into prominence, by Mr. Gladstone. The text of Mr. Gladstone’s argument, in his book on the relations of the State with the Church, was Hooker’s saying, that the religious duty of kings is the weightiest part of their sovereignty; while Macaulay, in criticising this position, insisted that the main, if not the only, duty of a Government, to which all other objects must be subordinate, was the protection of persons and property. These two eminent politicians were, in fact, the champions of the ancient and the modern ideas of sovereignty; for the theory that a State is bound to propagate the religion that it professes was for many centuries the accepted theory of all Christian rulerships, though I think it now survives only in Mohammedan kingdoms. As the influence of religion in the sphere of politics declines, the State becomes naturally less concerned with the superintendence of religion; and the tendency of constitutional Governments seems to be towards abandoning it. The States that have completely dissolved connection with ecclesiastical institutions are the two great republics, the United States of America and France. We can discern at this moment a movement towards constitutional reforms in Mohammedan Asia, in Turkey, and Persia, and if they succeed it will be most interesting to observe the effect which liberal reforms will produce upon the relation of Mohammedan Governments with the dominant faith, and on which side the religious teachers will be arrayed. It is certain, at any rate, that for a long time to come religion will continue to be a potent factor in Asiatic politics; and I may add that the reconciliation of civil with religious liberty is one of the most arduous of the many problems to be solved by the promoters of national unity.”

India is not a monarchy! We urgently need to universalize the French concept of “citoyen”!

Each of the two sons of Feroze and Indira Gandhi died tragically  in his prime, years ago, and it is unbecoming to see their family successors squabble today. Everyone may need to be constantly reminded that this handful of persons are in fact ordinary citizens in our democratic polity, deserving India’s attention principally in such a capacity.

What did, indeed, Feroze Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, Sanjay Gandhi, Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi “live and die for”?  It was not any one identifiable thing or any set of common things, that seems certain.

Feroze Gandhi from all accounts stood for integrity in Indian politics and journalism; it is not impossible his premature death was related to  his wife’s negligence because she had returned to her father’s side instead.  Jawaharlal Nehru did not do well as a father to promote his daughter so blatantly as his assistant either before 1947

nehruindira70yearsago1

or after.

nehruindira56

Nehru did not achieve political power until well into middle age; his catastrophic misjudgment of communist ideology and intentions, especially Chinese communist ideology and intentions, contributed to an Indian defeat at war, and led soon thereafter to his health collapsing and his death.

He and Indira somewhat nonchalantly made a visit to Ceylon even as the Chinese attack was commencing; a high point of my own childhood was saying namaste on October 13 1962 at Colombo airport when they arrived.

nehru

Feroze and Indira’s younger son evidently came to die in a self-inflicted aeronautical mishap of some sort.  What did Sanjay Gandhi “live for”?  The book Foundations of India’s Political Economy: Towards an Agenda for the 1990s created twenty years ago in America

uhindiaproject

has a chapter titled “The State of Governance” by the political scientist James Manor which says:

“After 1973 or so, personal loyalty tended increasingly to become the main criterion for advancement in the Congress Party. People who appeared to be loyal often replaced skilled political managers who seemed too independent.  Many of these new arrivals did not worry, as an earlier generation of Congress officials  had done, that excessive private profiteering might earn the wrath of party leaders.  In 1975, Sanjay Gandhi suddenly became the second most powerful figure in Indian politics.  He saw that the parties of the left and right had strong organizations that could put large numbers of militants into the streets for demonstrations while Congress had no such capacity.  In the belief that Congress should also have this kind of muscle, he began recruiting elements from urban centres including the criminal underworld.  The problem of corruption was exacerbated by demands that State-level Congress leaders place large sums of money at the disposal not of the national party but of the persons who presided over it.  Congress chief ministers realized that a fulsome response to these demands went a long way toward insulating them from interference from New Delhi, and a monumental system of fund-raising sprang up.  When so many people were being drawn into semi-institutionalized malfeasance, which seemed to be condoned by higher authorities, it was inevitable many would skim off portions of the funds raised for personal benefit.  Corruption soared. The problem was compounded by the tendency for people to be dismissed from public and party offices abruptly, leading many Congress politicians to fear that their time in power might be quite short.”

I do not have reason to disagree with this  opinion  contained in the book  that I and WE James created  at the University of Hawaii twenty years ago.   If anything, Sanjay’s political model may have spread  itself across  other Indian  political parties in one way or another.

What does strike me as odd in light of current  political controversy is that  several  of Sanjay’s friends and colleagues  are now part-and-parcel of the   Sonia Congress – one must ask, were they such fair-weather  friends that they never  lent a hand or a shoulder to his young widow and her infant son especially against the cruelties Sanjay’s mother bestowed upon them?  Did they offer help or guidance to Sanjay’s son, have they tried to guide him away from becoming the bigoted young politician he seems to wish to be today?

Indira’s major faults included playing favourites among her bahus and her grandchildren with as much gusto as any mother-in-law portrayed on the tackiest TV-serial today.

What were her good deeds?  There was one, and it was an enormously large one, of paramount significance for the country and our subcontinent as a whole: her statesmanship before, during and to some extent after the war that created Bangladesh.  My father has preserved a classic photograph over the years of Indira’s finest period as an international stateswoman, when she visited Paris and other foreign capitals including Washington in the autumn of 1971.

indiaraparis1

She tried to prevent the Yahya Khan/Tikka Khan  genocide in Bangladesh when many  Bangladeshis came to be sacrificed at the altar of the Nixon-Kissinger visits to Mao and Zhou.  She made a major diplomatic effort in world capitals to avert war with West Pakistan over its atrocities in East Pakistan. But war could not be averted, and within a few weeks, in December 1971, Bangladesh was born.

“Indira Gandhi’s one and paramount good deed as India’s leader and indeed as a world leader of her time was to have fought a war that was so rare in international law for having been unambiguously just. And she fought it flawlessly. The cause had been thrust upon her by an evil enemy’s behaviour against his own people, an enemy supported by the world’s strongest military power with pretensions to global leadership. Victims of the enemy’s wickedness were scores of millions of utterly defenceless, penniless human beings. Indira Gandhi did everything right. She practised patient but firm diplomacy on the world’s stage to avert war if it was at all possible to do. She chose her military generals well and took their professional judgment seriously as to when to go to war and how to win it. Finally, in victory she was magnanimous to the enemy that had been defeated. Children’s history-books in India should remember her as the stateswoman who freed a fraternal nation from tyranny, at great expense to our own people. As a war-leader, Indira Gandhi displayed extraordinary bravery, courage and good sense.” (From my review article of Inder Malhotra’s Indira Gandhi, first published in The Statesman May 7 2006.)

“She had indeed fought that rarest of things in international law: the just war. Supported by the world’s strongest military, an evil enemy had made victims of his own people. Indira tried patiently on the international stage to avert war, but also chose her military generals well and took their professional judgment seriously as to when to fight if it was inevitable and how to win. Finally she was magnanimous (to a fault) towards the enemy ~ who was not some stranger to us but our own estranged brother and cousin.  It seemed to be her and independent India’s finest hour. A fevered nation was thus ready to forgive and forget her catastrophic misdeeds until that time….” (From  “Unhealthy Delhi” first published in The Statesman June 11 2007).

What did Indira die for?  I have said it was “blowback” from domestic and/or international politics, similar to what happened to Rajiv Gandhi and Benazir Bhutto in later years.

“Indira Gandhi died in “blowback” from the unrest she and her younger son and others in their party had opportunistically fomented among Sikh fundamentalists and sectarians since the late 1970s.  Rajiv Gandhi died in “blowback” from an erroneous imperialistic foreign policy that he, as Prime Minister, had been induced to make by jingoistic Indian diplomats, a move that got India’s military needlessly involved in the then-nascent Sri Lankan civil war.  Benazir Bhutto similarly may be seen to have died in “blowback” from her own political activity as prime minister and opposition leader since the late 1980s, including her own encouragement of Muslim fundamentalist forces.  Certainly in all three cases, as in all assassinations, there were lapses of security too and imprudent political judgments made that contributed to the tragic outcomes.” From “An Indian Reply to President Zardari”.

And then there was Rajiv.  He did not know me except in his last eight months. It has now emerged that Dr Manmohan Singh’s first bypass operation was in 1990-1991, coinciding precisely with the time I gave Rajiv the results of the perestroika-for-India project that I had led at the University of Hawaii since 1986, an encounter that sparked the 1991 economic reform as has been told elsewhere. Dr Singh was simply not in that loop, nor has he himself ever claimed to have been in it — regardless of what innumerable flatterers, sycophants and other straightforwardly mendacious characters in Delhi’s high power circles have been making out over the years since.  Facts are rather stubborn things.

As a 35-year old newcomer to Delhi and a complete layman on security issues, I did what little I knew  how to try to reduce the vulnerability that I felt  Rajiv  faced from unknown lists of assassins.

“That night KR dropped me at Tughlak Road where I used to stay with friends. In the car I told him, as he was a military man with heavy security cover for himself as a former Governor of J&K, that it seemed to me Rajiv’s security was being unprofessionally handled, that he was vulnerable to a professional assassin. KR asked me if I had seen anything specific by way of vulnerability. With John Kennedy and De Gaulle in mind, I said I feared Rajiv was open to a long-distance sniper, especially when he was on his campaign trips around the country.  This was one of several attempts I made since October 1990 to convey my clear impression to whomever I thought might have an effect that Rajiv seemed to me extremely vulnerable. Rajiv had been on sadhbhavana journeys, back and forth into and out of Delhi. I had heard he was fed up with his security apparatus, and I was not surprised given it seemed at the time rather bureaucratized. It would not have been appropriate for me to tell him directly that he seemed to me to be vulnerable, since I was a newcomer and a complete amateur about security issues, and besides if he agreed he might seem to himself to be cowardly or have to get even closer to his security apparatus. Instead I pressed the subject relentlessly with whomever I could. I suggested specifically two things: (a) that the system in place at Rajiv’s residence and on his itineraries be tested, preferably by some internationally recognized specialists in counter-terrorism; (b) that Rajiv be encouraged to announce a shadow-cabinet. The first would increase the cost of terrorism, the second would reduce the potential political benefit expected by terrorists out to kill him. On the former, it was pleaded that security was a matter being run by the V. P. Singh and then Chandrashekhar Governments at the time. On the latter, it was said that appointing a shadow cabinet might give the appointees the wrong idea, and lead to a challenge to Rajiv’s leadership. This seemed to me wrong, as there was nothing to fear from healthy internal contests for power so long as they were conducted in a structured democratic framework. I pressed to know how public Rajiv’s itinerary was when he travelled. I was told it was known to everyone and that was the only way it could be since Rajiv wanted to be close to the people waiting to see him and had been criticized for being too aloof. This seemed to me totally wrong and I suggested that if Rajiv wanted to be seen as meeting the crowds waiting for him then that should be done by planning to make random stops on the road that his entourage would take. This would at least add some confusion to the planning of potential terrorists out to kill him. When I pressed relentlessly, it was said I should probably speak to “Madame”, i.e. to Mrs. Rajiv Gandhi. That seemed to me highly inappropriate, as I could not be said to be known to her and I should not want to unduly concern her in the event it was I who was completely wrong in my assessment of the danger. The response that it was not in Congress’s hands, that it was the responsibility of the V. P. Singh and later the Chandrashekhar Governments, seemed to me completely irrelevant since Congress in its own interests had a grave responsibility to protect Rajiv Gandhi irrespective of what the Government’s security people were doing or not doing. Rajiv was at the apex of the power structure of the party, and a key symbol of secularism and progress for the entire country. Losing him would be quite irreparable to the party and the country. It shocked me that the assumption was not being made that there were almost certainly professional killers actively out to kill Rajiv Gandhi — this loving family man and hapless pilot of India’s ship of state who did not seem to have wished to make enemies among India’s terrorists but whom the fates had conspired to make a target. The most bizarre and frustrating response I got from several respondents was that I should not mention the matter at all as otherwise the threat would become enlarged and the prospect made more likely! This I later realized was a primitive superstitious response of the same sort as wearing amulets and believing in Ptolemaic astrological charts that assume the Sun goes around the Earth — centuries after Kepler and Copernicus. Perhaps the entry of scientific causality and rationality is where we must begin in the reform of India’s governance and economy. What was especially repugnant after Rajiv’s assassination was to hear it said by his enemies that it marked an end to “dynastic” politics in India. This struck me as being devoid of all sense because the unanswerable reason for protecting Rajiv Gandhi was that we in India, if we are to have any pretensions at all to being a civilized and open democratic society, cannot tolerate terrorism and assassination as means of political change. Either we are constitutional democrats willing to fight for the privileges of a liberal social order, or ours is truly a primitive and savage anarchy concealed beneath a veneer of fake Westernization…..  the news suddenly said Rajiv Gandhi had been killed. All India wept. What killed him was not merely a singular act of criminal terrorism, but the system of humbug, incompetence and sycophancy that surrounds politics in India and elsewhere. I was numbed by rage and sorrow, and did not return to Delhi. Eleven years later, on 25 May 2002, press reports said “P. V. Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh lost their place in Congress history as architects of economic reforms as the Congress High command sponsored an amendment to a resolution that had laid credit at the duo’s door. The motion was moved by…. Digvijay Singh asserting that the reforms were a brainchild of the late Rajiv Gandhi and that the Rao-Singh combine had simply nudged the process forward.” Rajiv’s years in Government, like those of Indira Gandhi, were in fact marked by profligacy and the resource cost of poor macroeconomic policy since bank-nationalisation may be as high as Rs. 125 trillion measured in 1994 rupees. Certainly though it was Rajiv Gandhi as Leader of the Opposition in his last months who was the principal architect of the economic reform that came to begin after his passing.

(I have had to say that I do not think the policies pursued by Dr Singh thus far have been consistent with the direction I believe Rajiv,  in a second term as PM, would have wished to take. See, for example, “India’s Macroeconomics”, “Fallacious Finance”, “Against Quackery”, “Mistaken Macroeconomics”, and other articles listed and linked at “Memo to Dr Kaushik Basu”.)

The treatment of Indira or Rajiv or Sanjay or their family successors as royalty of any kind whatsoever in India was, is, and remains absurd, reflecting stunted growth of Indian democracy.  I remember well the obsequiousness I witnessed on the part of old men in the presence of Rajiv Gandhi.

Tribal and mansabdari political cultures still dominate Northern and Western regions of the Indian subcontinent (descending from the Sikhs, Muslims, Rajputs, Mahrattas etc).

Nehru in his younger days was an exemplary democrat, and he had an outstanding democratically-minded young friend in Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah.

abdullahnehru1947

But Nehru and Abdullah as Westernized political liberals were exceptions  in the autocratic/monarchical political cultures of north India (and Pakistan) which continue today and stunt the growth of any democratic mindset.

What we may urgently need is some French  Liberté, égalité, fraternité ! to create a simple ordinary citoyen universally in the country and the subcontinent as a whole!  May we please import a Marquis de Lafayette?

Bengal and parts of Dravidian India have long lost fondness for monarchy and autocracy –  Western political liberalism began to reach  Kolkata  almost two centuries ago after all (see e.g. Tapan Raychaudhuri’s  fine study Europe Reconsidered). Both Nepal and Pakistan have been undergoing radical transformation towards democracy in recent  months, as Bengali Pakistanis had done 40 years earlier under Sheikh Mujib.  I said last year and say again that there may be a dangerous  intellectual vacuum around the throne of Delhi.

Subroto Roy, Kolkata

Risk-aversion explains resistance to freer trade (and explains protectionism during a recession)

Risk-aversion explains resistance to freer trade (and explains  protectionism during a recession)
by
Subroto Roy
Drafted March 1989, published March 2009

Author’s Note March 19 2009:  This  small note has remained unpublished in my files for more than 20 years.  Some stylistic improvements have been made to the original.

Textbook economics suggests world trade improves material welfare: consumers are better off when imports may compete freely in the home-market.  Yet from Adam Smith’s critique of mercantilism to modern theories of rent-seeking, domestic producers in import-competing industries have been described as trying to restrict international trade by tariffs or other means.  How is it producers so often succeed in persuading governments of the social costs of imports?  Why are there not (or not as many, or not as powerful) consumer lobbies?  Certainly there are high costs of organizing consumer lobbies relative to producer lobbies, but leaving that aside, is it possible  consumers are ignorant and irrational?  J. Michael Finger (1982, 1983/84) argued that in this respect consumers are in fact ignorant of their own best interests.

Roy (1983/84) suggested that a simple Keynesian observation offers a different explanation.  A domestic household may be definitely better off by trade-liberalization on the expenditure side of its budget but the increased competitiveness of the economy accompanying liberalization may so decrease the expected value of its income that a risk-averse household would prefer the trade-protected status quo and have no incentive to lobby for trade-liberalization.  Conversely, in a recession when the expected value of a household’s income declines, households have an incentive to lobby for trade-protection despite this worsening the expenditure side of their budgets.

The simplest of examples suffices to show all this.    Let x1 be a non-traded domestic good, and x2 an imported good, and let a domestic household have preferences

U (x1, x2) = x1α . x2β

α + β < 1; 0 < α, β < 1     (1)

Let x1 be numeraire, p’ and p be the world and domestic prices of x2 respectively, and t be the tariff-rate on x2 such that p = (1 + t). p’.  Let the household’s expected income be ya in the trade-protected state and yb in the trade-liberalized state, so its budget constraint is either

ya = x1 + (1 + t).p’. x2 in the trade-protected stated  (2a)

or

yb = x1 + p’. x2 in the trade-liberalized state      (2b).

Maximizing (1) subject to (2a) gives a “final utility” in the trade-protected state, Ua*.  Maximizing (1) subject to (2b) gives a “final utility” in the trade-liberalized state, Ub*.

Hence   Ua* >     Ub* as

[ya/yb]  (α + β)/β >     1 + t         where  (α + β)/β  > 1.

If income is certain in the trade-protected state but uncertain in the trade-liberalized state, a household’s risk-aversion will require loss in the expected utility of income in the trade-liberalized state to be offset by a gain in final utility that it receives as a consumer due to tariff-reduction.

E.g.,  let α = β = ½ and let the household have a certain income in the trade-protected state of $20,000; let it place a subjective probability of 1/4 on being unemployed with zero income in the trade-liberal­ized state, and 3/4 on maintaining the same income of $20,000.   Then Ua* > Ub* as [4/3]2 > 1 + t.

I.e., for any tariff-rate less than about 78% with these  particular data, the household may rationally think itself better off in the trade-protected state than in the trade-liberalized state, and hence have no incen­tive to lobby for the latter.

Cooper (1987) remarked: “There should of course be a strong appeal to consumers of imported goods for removing restrictions.  For a variety of reasons, political mobilization of consumers has been difficult in most countries.  Many of these consumers also are employed in producing tradable goods, and they worry more about their jobs than about the purchasing power of a given wage. But most goods that move in international trade are not consumer goods.  They are capital goods and intermediate products, and it should be easier to appeal to buyers of these intermediate products for import liberalization, because such buyers would enjoy a reduction in their costs.”  The sentence italicized above may be consonant with the simple point made here.

References
Richard N. Cooper “Why liberalization meets resistance” in J. Michael Finger (ed.), The Uruguay Round, A Handbook on the Multilateral Trade Negotiations, World Bank, November 1987.
J. Michael Finger, “Incorporating the gains from trade into policy”, The World Economy, 5, December 1982, 367-78.
“The political economy of trade policy”, Cato Journal, 3, Winter 1983/84.
Subroto Roy, “The political economy of trade policy: comment”, Cato Journal, 3, Winter 1983/84.

Could the Satyam/PwC fraud be the visible part of an iceberg? Where are India’s “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”? Isn’t governance rather poor all over corporate India? Bad public finance may be a root cause

In a March 5 2007 article in The Statesman, I said:

“Our farmers are peaceful hardworking people who should be paying taxes and user-fees normally but should not be otherwise disturbed or needlessly provoked by outsiders. It is the businessmen wishing to attack our farm populations who need to look hard in the mirror – to improve their accounting, audit, corporate governance, to enforce anti-embezzlement and shareholder protection laws etc.”

In a September 23-24 2007 article in The Sunday Statesman I said:

“… Government, instead of hobnobbing with business chambers, needed to get Indian corporations to improve their accounting, audit and governance, and reduce managerial pilfering and embezzlement, which is possible only if Government first set an example.”

In a February 4 2007 article in The Statesman, I said:

“Financial control of India’s fiscal condition, and hence monetary expansion, vitally requires control of the growth of these kinds of dynamic processes and comprehension of their analytical underpinnings. Yet such understanding and control seem quite absent from all organs of our Government, including establishment economists and the docile financial press…. the actual difference between Government Expenditure and Income in India has been made to appear much smaller than it really is. Although neglected by the Cabinet, Finance Ministry, RBI and even (almost) the C&AG, the significance of this discrepancy in measurement will not be lost on anyone seriously concerned to address India’s fiscal and monetary problems.”

All three articles are available elsewhere here and are republished below together.  I have published elsewhere today my brief 2006 lecture on corporate governance.  (See also my “The Indian Revolution”, “Monetary Integrity & the Rupee”, “Indian Inflation”,  “The Dream Team: A Critique”, “India’s Macroeconomics”, “Growth & Government Delusion”, etc).

The fraud at Satyam amounts to it having been long bankrupt but not seemingly so.  The fact it was long bankrupt was apparently overlooked or condoned by its auditors Pricewaterhouse Coopers! This may be big news today but the response of corporate India and the Indian business media seems utterly insincere (and there has been a lot of fake pontificating on TV by some notorious frauds).  Remember the head of Satyam received awards with all the other honchos at those fake ceremonies that businessmen and the business media keep holding at this or that hotel.  (See my several articles here under the categories “Satyam corporate fraud”, “Corporate governance” etc.)

Government agencies, as enforcers of the law, must be seen in such circumstances to have greater credibility than the violators, but who can say that Government accounting and audit and corporate governance in India is not as bad as that of the private sector?    It may be in fact far, far worse.   Poor accounting, endless deficit finance, unlimited paper money creation, false convertibility of the rupee etc is what emerges from our supposedly wise economic policy-makers.

When was the last time some major businessman or top politician spoke publicly about the importance of “Generally Accepted Accounting Principles”?   The answer is never.   Government (of this party or that) has become well-oiled by political lobbyists and is hand-in-glove with organized business, especially in a few cities.  Until Government gets its own accounts straight, stops its endless deficit finance, reins in unlimited paper money-creation, creates an honest currency domestically and externally, there is no proper example or standard set for the private sector, and such scandals will erupt along with insincere responses from the cartels of corporate India.

What emerges from New Delhi’s economists seems often to have as much to do with economics as Bollywood has to do with cinema.

Subroto Roy, Kolkata

Fallacious Finance: Congress, BJP, CPI-M et al may be leading India to hyperinflation

by

Subroto Roy

First published in The Statesman, March 5 2007 Editorial Page Special Article http://www.thestatesman.net

It seems the Dream Team of the PM, Finance Minister, Mr. Montek Ahluwalia and their acolytes may take India on a magical mystery tour of economic hallucinations, fantasies and perhaps nightmares. I hasten to add the BJP and CPI-M have nothing better to say, and criticism of the Government or of Mr Chidambaram’s Budget does not at all imply any sympathy for their political adversaries. It may be best to outline a few of the main fallacies permeating the entire Governing Class in Delhi, and their media and businessman friends:

1. “India’s Savings Rate is near 32%”. This is factual nonsense. Savings is indeed normally measured by adding financial and non-financial savings. Financial savings include bank-deposits. But India is not a normal country in this. Nor is China. Both have seen massive exponential growth of bank-deposits in the last few decades. Does this mean Indians and Chinese are saving phenomenally high fractions of their incomes by assiduously putting money away into their shaky nationalized banks? Sadly, it does not. What has happened is government deficit-financing has grown explosively in both countries over decades. In a “fractional reserve” banking system (i.e. a system where your bank does not keep the money you deposited there but lends out almost all of it immediately), government expenditure causes bank-lending, and bank-lending causes bank-deposits to expand. Yes there has been massive expansion of bank-deposits in India but it is a nominal paper phenomenon and does not signify superhuman savings behaviour. Indians keep their assets mostly in metals, land, property, cattle, etc., and as cash, not as bank deposits.

2. “High economic growth in India is being caused by high savings and intelligently planned government investment”. This too is nonsense. Economic growth in India as elsewhere arises not because of what politicians and bureaucrats do in capital cities, but because of spontaneous technological progress, improved productivity and learning-by-doing on part of the general population. Technological progress is a very general notion, and applies to any and every production activity or commercial transaction that now can be accomplished more easily or using fewer inputs than before. New Delhi still believes in antiquated Soviet-era savings-investment models without technological progress, and some non-sycophant must tell our top Soviet-era bureaucrat that such growth models have been long superceded and need to be scrapped from India’s policy-making too. Can politicians and bureaucrats assist India’s progress? Indeed they can: the telecom revolution in recent years was something in which they participated. But the general presumption is against them. Progress, productivity gains and hence economic growth arise from enterprise and effort of ordinary people — mostly despite not because of an exploitative, parasitic State.

3. “Agriculture is a backward sector that has been retarding India’s recent economic growth”. This is not merely nonsense it is dangerous nonsense, because it has led to land-grabbing by India’s rulers at behest of their businessman friends in so-called “SEZ” schemes. The great farm economist Theodore W. Schultz once quoted Andre and Jean Mayer: “Few scientists think of agriculture as the chief, or the model science. Many, indeed, do not consider it a science at all. Yet it was the first science – Mother of all science; it remains the science which makes human life possible”. Centuries before Europe’s Industrial Revolution, there was an Agricultural Revolution led by monks and abbots who were the scientists of the day. Thanks partly to American help, India has witnessed a Green Revolution since the 1960s, and our agriculture has been generally a calm, mature, stable and productive industry. Our farmers are peaceful hardworking people who should be paying taxes and user-fees normally but should not be otherwise disturbed or needlessly provoked by outsiders. It is the businessmen wishing to attack our farm populations who need to look hard in the mirror – to improve their accounting, audit, corporate governance, to enforce anti-embezzlement and shareholder protection laws etc.

4. “India’s foreign exchange reserves may be used for ‘infrastructure’ financing”. Mr Ahluwalia promoted this idea and now the Budget Speech mentioned how Mr Deepak Parekh and American banks may be planning to get Indian businesses to “borrow” India’s forex reserves from the RBI so they can purchase foreign assets. It is a fallacy arising among those either innocent of all economics or who have quite forgotten the little they might have been mistaught in their youth. Forex reserves are a residual in a country’s balance of payments and are not akin to tax revenues, and thus are not available to be borrowed or spent by politicians, bureaucrats or their businessman friends — no matter how tricky and shady a way comes to be devised for doing so. If anything, the Government and RBI’s priority should have been to free the Rupee so any Indian could hold gold or forex at his/her local bank. India’s vast sterling balances after the Second World War vanished quickly within a few years, and the country plunged into decades of balance of payments crisis – that may now get repeated. The idea of “infrastructure” is in any case vague and inferior to the “public goods” Adam Smith knew to be vital. Serious economists recommend transparent cost-benefit analyses before spending any public resources on any project. E.g., analysis of airport/airline industry expansion would have found the vast bulk of domestic airline costs to be forex-denominated but revenues rupee-denominated – implying an obvious massive currency-risk to the industry and all its “infrastructure”. All the PM’s men tell us nothing of any of this.

5. “HIV-AIDS is a major Indian health problem”. Government doctors privately know the scare of an AIDS epidemic is based on false assumptions and analysis. Few if any of us have met, seen or heard of an actual incontrovertible AIDS victim in India (as opposed to someone infected by hepatitis-contaminated blood supplies). Syringe-exchange by intravenous drug users is not something widely prevalent in Indian society, while the practise that caused HIV to spread in California’s Bay Area in the 1980s is not something depicted even at Khajuraho. Numerous real diseases do afflict Indians – e.g. 11 children died from encephalitis in one UP hospital on a single day in July 2006, while thousands of children suffer from “cleft lip” deformity that can be solved surgically for 20,000 rupees, allowing the child a normal life. Without any objective survey being done of India’s real health needs, Mr Chidamabaram has promised more than Rs 9.6 Billion (Rs 960 crore) to the AIDS cottage industry.

6. “Fiscal consolidation & stabilization has been underway since 1991”. There is extremely little reason to believe this. If you or I borrow Rs. 100,000 for a year, and one year later repay the sum only to borrow the same again along with another Rs 40,000, we would be said to have today a debt of Rs. 140,000 at least. Our Government has been routinely “rolling over” its domestic debt in this manner (in the asset-portfolios of the nationalised banking system) but displaying and highlighting only its new additional borrowing in a year as the “ Fiscal Deficit” (see graph, also “Fiscal Instability”, The Sunday Statesman, 4 February 2007). More than two dozen State Governments have been doing the same though, unlike the Government of India, they have no money-creating powers and their liabilities ultimately accrue to the Union as well. The stock of public debt in India may be Rs 30 trillion (Rs 30 lakh crore) at least, and portends a hyperinflation in the future. Mr Chidambaram’s announcement of a “Debt Management Office” yet to be created is hardly going to suffice to avert macroeconomic turmoil and a possible monetary collapse. The Congress, BJP, CPI-M and all their friends shall be responsible.

Against Quackery

First published in two parts in The Sunday Statesman, September 23 2007, The Statesman September 24 2007, http://www.thestatesman.net

By Subroto Roy

Manmohan and Sonia have violated Rajiv Gandhi’s intended reforms; the Communists have been appeased or bought; the BJP is incompetent

WASTE, fraud and abuse are inevitable in the use and allocation of public property and resources in India as elsewhere, but Government is supposed to fight and resist such tendencies. The Sonia-Manmohan Government have done the opposite, aiding and abetting a wasteful anti-economics ~ i.e., an economic quackery. Vajpayee-Advani and other Governments, including Narasimha-Manmohan in 1991-1996, were just as complicit in the perverse policy-making. So have been State Governments of all regional parties like the CPI-M in West Bengal, DMK/ AIADMK in Tamil Nadu, Congress/NCP/ BJP/Sena in Maharashtra, TDP /Congress in Andhra Pradesh, SP/BJP/BSP in Uttar Pradesh etc. Our dismal politics merely has the pot calling the kettle black while national self-delusion and superstition reign in the absence of reason.

The general pattern is one of well-informed, moneyed, mostly city-based special interest groups (especially including organised capital and organised labour) dominating government agendas at the cost of ill-informed, diffused anonymous individual citizens ~ peasants, small businessmen, non-unionized workers, old people, housewives, medical students etc. The extremely expensive “nuclear deal” with the USA is merely one example of such interest group politics.

Nuclear power is and shall always remain of tiny significance as a source of India’s electricity (compared to e.g. coal and hydro); hence the deal has practically nothing to do with the purported (and mendacious) aim of improving the country’s “energy security” in the long run. It has mostly to do with big business lobbies and senior bureaucrats and politicians making a grab, as they always have done, for India’s public purse, especially access to foreign currency assets. Some $300 million of India’s public money had to be paid to GE and Bechtel Corporation before any nuclear talks could begin in 2004-2005 ~ the reason was the Dabhol fiasco of the 1990s, a sheer waste for India’s ordinary people. Who was responsible for that loss? Pawar-Mahajan-Munde-Thackeray certainly but also India’s Finance Minister at the time, Manmohan Singh, and his top Finance Ministry bureaucrat, Montek Ahluwalia ~ who should never have let the fiasco get off the ground but instead actively promoted and approved it.

Cost-benefit analysis prior to any public project is textbook operating procedure for economists, and any half-competent economist would have accounted for the scenario of possible currency-depreciation which made Dabhol instantly unviable. Dr Singh and Mr Ahluwalia failed that test badly and it cost India dearly. The purchase of foreign nuclear reactors on a turnkey basis upon their recommendation now reflects similar financial dangers for the country on a vastly larger scale over decades.

Our Government seems to function most expeditiously in purchasing foreign arms, aircraft etc ~ not in improving the courts, prisons, police, public utilities, public debt. When the purchase of 43 Airbus aircraft surfaced, accusations of impropriety were made by Boeing ~ until the local Airbus representative said on TV that Boeing need not complain because they were going to be rewarded too and soon 68 aircraft were ordered from Boeing!

India imports all passenger and most military aircraft, besides spare parts and high-octane jet fuel. Domestic aviation generates near zero forex revenues and incurs large forex costs ~ a debit in India’s balance of payments. Domestic airline passengers act as importers subsidised by our meagre exporters of textiles, leather, handicrafts, tea, etc. What a managerially-minded PM and Aviation Minister needed to do before yielding to temptations of buying new aircraft was to get tough with the pampered managements and unions of the nationalized airlines and stand up on behalf of ordinary citizens and taxpayers, who, after all, are mostly rail or road-travellers not jet-setters.

The same pattern of negligent policy-behaviour led Finance Minister P. Chidambaram in an unprecedented step to mention in his 2007 Union Budget Speech the private American companies Blackstone and GE ~ endorsing the Ahluwalia/Deepak Parekh idea that India’s forex reserves may be made available to be lent out to favoured private businesses for purported “infrastructure” development. We may now see chunks of India’s foreign exchange reserves being “borrowed” and never returned ~ a monumental scam in front of the CBI’s noses.

The Reserve Bank’s highest echelons may have become complicit in all this, permitting and encouraging a large capital flight to take place among the few million Indians who read the English newspapers and have family-members abroad. Resident Indians have been officially permitted to open bank accounts of US $100,000 abroad, as well as transfer gifts of $50,000 per annum to their adult children already exported abroad ~ converting their largely untaxed paper rupees at an artificially favourable exchange-rate.

In particular, Mr Ratan Tata (under a misapprehension he may do whatever Lakshmi Mittal does) has been allowed to convert Indian rupees into some US$13,000,000,000 to make a cash purchase of a European steel company. The same has been allowed of the Birlas, Wipro, Dr Reddy’s and numerous other Indian corporations in the organised sector ~ three hundred million dollars here, five hundred million dollars there, etc. Western businessmen now know all they have to do is flatter the egos of Indian boxwallahs enough and they might have found a buyer for their otherwise bankrupt or sick local enterprise. Many newcomers to New York City have been sold the Brooklyn Bridge before. “There’s a sucker born every minute” is the classic saying of American capitalism.

The Sonia-Manmohan Government, instead of hobnobbing with business chambers, needed to get Indian corporations to improve their accounting, audit and governance, and reduce managerial pilfering and embezzlement, which is possible only if Government first set an example.

Why have Indian foreign currency reserves zoomed up in recent years? Not mainly because we are exporting more textiles, tea, software engineers, call centre services or new products to the world, but because Indian corporations have been allowed to borrow abroad, converting their hoards of paper rupees into foreign debt. Forex reserves are a residual in a country’s international balance of payments and are not like tax-resources available to be spent by Government; India’s reserves largely constitute foreign liabilities of Indian residents. This may bear endless repetition as the PM and his key acolytes seem impervious to normal postgraduate-level economics textbooks.

Other official fallacies include thinking India’s savings rate is near 32 per cent and that clever bureaucratic use of it can cause high growth. In fact, real growth arises not because of what politicians and bureaucrats do but because of spontaneous technological progress, improved productivity and learning-by-doing of the general population ~ mostly despite not because of an exploitative parasitic State. What has been mismeasured as high savings is actually expansion of bank-deposits in a fractional reserve banking system caused by runaway government deficit-spending.

Another fallacy has been that agriculture retards growth, leading to nationwide politically-backed attempts at land-grabbing by wily city industrialists and real estate developers. In a hyperinflation-prone economy with wild deficit-spending and runaway money-printing, cheating poor unorganised peasants of their land, when that land is an asset that is due to appreciate in value, has seemed like child’s play.

What of the Opposition? The BJP/RSS have no economists who are not quacks though opportunists were happy to say what pleased them to hear when they were in power; they also have much implicit support among organised business lobbies and the anti-Muslim senior bureaucracy. The official Communists have been appeased or bought, sometimes so cheaply as with a few airline tickets here and there. The nonsensical “Rural Employment Guarantee” is descending into the wasteland of corruption it was always going to be. The “Domestic Violence Act” as expected has started to destroy India’s families the way Western families have been destroyed. The Arjun-DMK OBC quota corrodes higher education further from its already dismal state. All these were schemes that Congress and Communist cabals created or wholeheartedly backed, and which the BJP were too scared or ignorant to resist.

And then came Singur and Nandigram ~ where the sheer greed driving the alliance between the Sonia-Manmohan-Pranab Congress and the CPI-M mask that is Buddhadeb, came to be exposed by a handful of brave women like Mamata and Medha.

2. A Fiscal U-Turn is Needed For India to Go in The Right Economic Direction

Rajiv Gandhi had a sense of noblesse oblige out of remembrance of his father and maternal grandfather. After his assassination, the comprador business press credited Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh with having originated the 1991 economic reform. In May 2002, however, the Congress Party itself passed a resolution proposed by Digvijay Singh explicitly stating Rajiv and not either of them was to be so credited. The resolution was intended to flatter Sonia Gandhi but there was truth in it too. Rajiv, a pilot who knew no political economy, was a quick learner with intelligence to know a good idea when he saw one and enough grace to acknowledge it.

Rule of Law

The first time Dr Manmohan Singh’s name arose in contemporary post-Indira politics was on 22 March 1991 when M K Rasgotra challenged the present author to answer how Dr Singh would respond to proposals being drafted for a planned economic liberalisation that had been authorised by Rajiv, as Congress President and Opposition Leader, since September 1990. It was replied that Dr Singh’s response was unknown and he had been heading the “South-South Commission” for Tanzania’s Julius Nyerere, while what needed to be done urgently was make a clear forceful statement to restore India’s credit-worthiness and the confidence of international markets, showing that the Congress at least knew its economics and was planning to take bold new steps in the direction of progress.

There is no evidence Dr Singh or his acolytes were committed to any economic liberalism prior to 1991 as that term is understood worldwide, and scant evidence they have originated liberal economic ideas for India afterwards. Precisely because they represented the decrepit old intellectual order of statist ”Ma-Bap Sarkari” policy-making, they were not asked in the mid-1980s to be part of a “perestroika-for-India” project done at a foreign university ~ the results of which were received, thanks to Siddhartha Shankar Ray, by Rajiv Gandhi in hand at 10 Janpath on 18 September 1990 and specifically sparked the change in the direction of his economic thinking.

India is a large, populous country with hundreds of millions of materially poor citizens, a weak tax-base, a vast internal and external public debt (i.e. debt owed by the Government to domestic and foreign creditors), massive annual fiscal deficits, an inconvertible currency, and runaway printing of paper-money. It is unsurprising Pakistan’s economy is similar, since it is born of the same land and people. Certainly there have been real political problems between India and Pakistan since the chaotic demobilisation and disintegration of the old British Indian Army caused the subcontinent to plunge into war-like or “cold peace” conditions for six decades beginning with a bloody Partition and civil war in J&K. High military expenditures have been necessitated due to mutual and foreign tensions, but this cannot be a permanent state if India and Pakistan wish for genuine mass economic well-being.

Even with the continuing mutual antagonism, there is vast scope for a critical review of Indian military expenditures towards greatly improving the “teeth-to-tail” ratio of its fighting forces. The abuse of public property and privilege by senior echelons of the armed forces (some of whom have been keen most of all to export their children preferably to America) is also no great secret.

On the domestic front, Rajiv was entirely convinced when the suggestion was made to him in September 1990 that an enormous infusion of public resources was needed into the judicial system for promotion and improvement of the Rule of Law in the country, a pre-requisite almost for a new market orientation. Capitalism without the Rule of Law can quickly degenerate into an illiberal hell of cronyism and anarchy which is what has tended to happen since 1991.

The Madhava Menon Committee on criminal justice policy in July proposed a Hong Kong model of “a single high-tech integrated Criminal Justice complex in every district headquarters which may be a multi-storied structure, devoting the ground floor for the police station including a video-installed interrogation room; the first floor for the police-lockups/sub-jail and the Magistrate’s Court; the second floor for the prosecutor’s office, witness rooms, crime laboratories and legal aid services; the third floor for the Sessions Court and the fourth for the administrative offices etc…. (Government of India) should take steps to evolve such an efficient model… and not only recommend it to the States but subsidize its construction…” The question arises: Why is this being proposed for the first time in 2007 after sixty years of Independence? Why was it not something designed and implemented starting in the 1950s?

The resources put since Independence to the proper working of our judiciary from the Supreme Court and High Courts downwards have been abysmal, while the state of prisons, borstals, mental asylums and other institutions of involuntary detention is nothing short of pathetic. Only police forces, like the military, paramilitary and bureaucracies, have bloated in size.

Neither Sonia-Manmohan nor the BJP or Communists have thought promotion of the Rule of Law in India to be worth much serious thought ~ certainly less important than attending bogus international conclaves and summits to sign expensive deals for arms, aircraft, reactors etc. Yet Rajiv Gandhi, at a 10 Janpath meeting on 23 March 1991 when he received the liberalisation proposals he had authorized, explicitly avowed the importance of greater resources towards the Judiciary. Dr Singh and his acolytes were not in that loop, indeed they precisely represented the bureaucratic ancien regime intended to be changed, and hence have seemed quite uncomprehending of the roots of the intended reforms ever since 1991.

Similarly, Rajiv comprehended when it was said to him that the primary fiscal problem faced by India is the vast and uncontrolled public debt, interest payments on which suck dry all public budgets leaving no room for provision of public goods.

Government accounts
Government has been routinely “rolling over” its domestic debt in the asset-portfolios of the nationalised banks while displaying and highlighting only its new additional borrowing in a year as the “Fiscal Deficit”. More than two dozen States have been doing the same and their liabilities ultimately accrue to the Union too. The stock of public debt in India is Rs 30 trillion (Rs 30 lakh crore) at least, and portends a hyperinflation in the future.

There has been no serious recognition of this since it is political and bureaucratic actions that have been causing the problem. Proper recognition would entail systematically cleaning up the budgets and accounts of every single governmental entity in the country: the Union, every State, every district and municipality, every publicly funded entity or organisation, and at the same time improving public decision-making capacity so that once budgets and accounts recover from grave sickness over decades, functioning institutions exist for their proper future management. All this would also stop corruption in its tracks, and release resources for valuable public goods and services like the Judiciary, School Education and Basic Health. Institutions for improved political and administrative decision-making are needed throughout the country if public preferences with respect to raising and allocating common resources are to be elicited and then translated into actual delivery of public goods and services. Our dysfunctional legislatures will have to do at least a little of what they are supposed to. When public budgets and accounts are healthy and we have functioning public goods and services, macroeconomic conditions would have been created for the paper-rupee to once more become a money as good as gold ~ a convertible world currency for all of India’s people, not merely the metropolitan special interest groups that have been controlling our governments and their agendas.

Fiscal Instabilty

Interest payments quickly suck dry every year’s Budget. And rolling over old public debt means that Government Borrowing in fact much exceeds the Fiscal Deficit

by Subroto Roy

First published in The Sunday Statesman, Editorial Page Special Article, February 4 2007, http://www.thestatesman.net

While releasing Mr Chidambaram’s book some days ago, our PM said that as Narasimha Rao’s Finance Minister in 1991 he had caused “fiscal stabilization” of the country. Unfortunately, Dr Manmohan Singh may have been believing the flattery of his sycophants, since the facts point differently.

The Fiscal Deficit is new borrowing by Government added for a given year. In 1994-1995 for example, the Union Government’s expenditure net of operational and other income was some Rs 1,295 billion (1 billion = 100 crore). Rs. 674 billion was generated for the Union Government by taxation that year (Rs 184 billion from direct taxes, Rs 653 billion from indirect and miscellaneous taxes, less Rs 163 billion as the States’ share). The difference between Rs 1,295 billion and Rs. 674 billion, that is Rs. 621 billion had to be borrowed by the Government of India in the name of future unborn generations of Indian citizens. That was the “Fiscal Deficit” that year. If the stock of Public Debt already accumulated has been B,this Fiscal Deficit, C, adds to the interest burden that will be faced next year since interest will have to be then paid on B + C.

Interest payments on Government debt have dominated all public finance in recent decades, quickly sucking dry the budgets every year both of the Union and each of our more than two dozen States. Some Rs. 440 billion was paid by the Union Government as interest in 1994-1995, and this had risen to some Rs. 1,281 billion by 2003-2004. As a percentage of tax revenue, interest expenditure by the Government of India on its own debt rose from 40% in 1991 to 68% in 2004 ~ through the Finance Ministerships of Manmohan Singh, P Chidambaram, Yashwant Sinha and Jaswant Singh.

Financial control of India’s fiscal condition, and hence monetary expansion, vitally requires control of the growth of these kinds of dynamic processes and comprehension of their analytical underpinnings. Yet such understanding and control seem quite absent from all organs of our Government, including establishment economists and the docile financial press.

For example, contrary to the impression created by the Finance Ministry, RBI and Union Cabinet (whether of the UPA or NDA, while the Communists would only be worse), the Fiscal Deficit has been in fact very far from being all that the Government of India borrows from financial markets in a given year. The stock of Public Debt at any given moment consists of numerous debt-instruments of various sorts at different terms. Some fraction of these come to maturity every year and hence their principal amounts (not merely their interest) must be repaid by Government. What our Government has been doing routinely over decades is to roll over these debts, i.e. issue fresh public debt of the same amount as that being extinguished and more. For example, some Rs. 720 billion, Rs. 1,180 billion, Rs.1,330 billion and Rs. 1,390 billion were amounts spent in extinguishing maturing public debt in 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1996 respectively. No special taxes were raised in those years specifically for that purpose. Instead the Government merely issued additional new debt or “rolled over” or “converted” the old debt in the same amounts and more in the portfolios of the captive nationalized banking system (see graph).

Plainly, the Government of India’s actual “Borrowing Requirement”, as the difference between its Income and Expenditure, when accounted for properly, will be the sum of this rolled over old debt and the Fiscal Deficit (which is merely the additional borrowing required by a single year’s Budget). In other words, the Government’s Borrowing Requirement is the Fiscal Deficit plus the much larger amount required to annually roll over maturing debt. Because the latter expenditure does not appear at all in calculation of the Fiscal Deficit by the subterfuge of having been routinely rolled over every year, the actual difference between Government Expenditure and Income in India has been made to appear much smaller than it really is. Although neglected by the Cabinet, Finance Ministry, RBI and even (almost) the C&AG, the significance of this discrepancy in measurement will not be lost on anyone seriously concerned to address India’s fiscal and monetary problems.

On the expenditure side, Current Expenditure (anachronistically named “Revenue Expenditure” in India as it is supposed to be met by current revenue) meets recurrent liabilities from one budget-date to the next, like salaries of school-staff or coupon payments on Government debt.

Investment Expenditure “of a capital nature” is supposed to increase “concrete assets of a material and permanent character” like spending on a new public library, or reducing “recurring liabilities” by setting aside a sinking fund to reduce Government debt. Some public resources need to be spent to yield benefits or reduce costs not immediately but in the future. Besides roads, bridges and libraries, these may include less tangible investments too like ensuring proper working of law-courts or training police-officers and school-teachers.

Also, there has been large outright direct lending by the Government of India bypassing normal capital markets on the pattern of old Soviet “central planning”, whereby “credit” is disbursed to chosen recipients.

“Current”, “Investment” and “Loan” expenditure decisions of this kind are made on the same activities. For example, in 1994-1995, the Government of India spent Rs. 2.7 billion as “Loans for Power Projects” in addition to Rs. 9.8 billion under Current Expenditure on “Power” and Rs. 15.5 billion as Investment Expenditure on “Power Projects”. By 2003-2004, these had grown to Rs. 50.94 billion, Rs. 31.02 billion, Rs. 28.5 billion respectively. Yet the opaqueness of Government accounts, finances and economic decision-making today is such that nowhere will such data be found in one table giving a full picture of public expenditure on the Power sector as a whole. On the revenue side, Government’s “Current Income” includes direct and indirect taxes, operational income from public utilities (like railways or the post office), and dividends and profits from public assets. There has been a small “Investment Income” too received from sale of public assets like Maruti. Also, since loans are made directly, there has to be a category for their recovery.

“One must not take from the real needs of the people for the imaginary needs of the state”, said Montesquieu; while De Marco in the same vein said “the greatest satisfaction of collective needs” has to be sought by “the least possible waste of private wealth”. Even Mao Zedong reportedly said: “Thrift should be the guiding principle of our government expenditure”. The C&AG requires Government determine “how little money it need take out of the pockets of the taxpayers in order to maintain its necessary activities at the proper standard of efficiency”.

Yet India’s top politicians and bureaucrats spend wildly ~ driven by the organised special interest groups on whom they depend, while ostentatiously consuming public time, space and resources themselves “quite uselessly in the pleasurable business of inflating the ego” (Veblen).

For Government to do what it need not or should not do contributes to its failure to do what it must. Thus we have armies of indolent soldiers, policemen and bureaucrats and piles of rotting supplies in government warehouses while there are queues outside hospitals, schools, courts etc.

Parliament and State Legislatures need to first ask of an annual budget whether it is efficient: “Is expenditure being allocated to enhance the public interest to the greatest extent possible, and if not, how may it be made to do so?” National welfare overall should increase the same whichever public good or service the final million of public rupees has been spent on.

Fundamentally, government finance requires scientific honesty, especially by way of clear rigorous accounting and audit of uses and origins of public resources. That scientific honesty is what we have not had at Union or State level for more than half a century.

The Indian Revolution

The Indian Revolution

by

Subroto Roy

Prefatory Note Dec 2008: This outlines what might have happened if (a) Rajiv Gandhi had not been assassinated; (b) I had known at age 36 all that I now know at age 53. Both are counterfactuals and hence this is a work of fiction. It was written long before the Mumbai massacres; the text has been left unchanged.

“India’s revolution, when it came, was indeed bloodless and non-violent but it was firm and clear-headed and inevitably upset a lot of hitherto powerful people.

The first thing the Revolutionary Government declared when it took over in Delhi was that the rupee would become a genuine hard currency of the world economy within 18 months.  This did not seem a very revolutionary thing to say and the people at first did not understand what was meant.  The Revolutionaries explained: “Paper money and the banks have been abused by all previous regimes ruling in Delhi since 1947 who learnt their tricks from British war-time techniques.  We will give you for the first time in free India a rupee as good as gold, an Indian currency as respectable as any other in the world, dollar, pound, yen, whatever.  What you earn with your hard work and resources will be measured by a sound standard of value, not continuously devalued in secret by government misuse”.

The people were intrigued but not enlightened much.  Nor did they  grasp things to come when the Revolutionary Government abolished the old Planning Commission, sending its former head as envoy to New Zealand (with a long reading-list); attached the Planning Commission as a new R&D wing to the Finance Ministry; detached the RBI from the Finance Ministry; instructed the RBI Governor to bring proper work-culture and discipline to his 75,000 staff and instructed the Monetary Policy Deputy Governor to prepare plans for becoming a constitutionally independent authority, besides a possible monetary decentralization towards the States.  India’s people did not understand all this, but  there began to be a sense that something was up in Lutyens’ Delhi faraway.

The Revolutionary Government started to seem a little revolutionary when it called in  police-chiefs of all States — the PM himself then signed an order routed via the Home Ministry that they were to state in writing, within a fortnight, how they intended to improve discipline and work-culture in the forces they commanded.  Each was also asked to name three reliable deputies, and left in no doubt what that meant.  State Chief Ministers murmured objections but rumours swirled about more to come and they shut up quickly.  The Revolutionary Government sent a terse note to all CMs asking their assistance in implementation of this and any further orders.  It also set up a “Prison Reform and Reconstruction Panel” with instructions to (a) survey all prisons in the country with a view to immediately reduce injustices within the prison-system; (b) enlarge capacity in the event fresh enforcement of the Rule of Law came to demand this.

The Revolutionary Government then asked all senior members of the judiciary to a meeting in Trivandrum.  There they declared the judiciary must remain impartial and objective, not show favoritism even to members of the Revolutionary Party itself who might be in court before them for whatever reason.  The judges were assured of carte blanche by way of resources to improve quality of all public services under them; at the same time, a new “Internal Affairs Department” was formed that would assure the public that the Bench and the Bar never forgot their noble calling.  When a former judge and a former senior counsel came to be placed in two cells of the new prison-system, the public finally felt something serious was afoot.  Late night comics on TV led the public’s mirth — “Thieves have authority when judges steal themselves”, waxed one eloquently.

The Revolutionary Government’s next step reached into all nooks and crannies of the country.  A large room in the new Finance Ministry was assigned to each State – a few days later, the Revolutionary Government announced it had taken over control under the Constitution’s financial emergency provision of all State budgets for a period of six months at the outset.

Now there was an irrepressible outcry from State Chief Ministers, loud enough for the Revolutionary Government to ask them to a national meeting, this time in Agartala.  When the Delhi CM sweetly complained she did not know how to get there, she got back two words “Get there”; and she did.

There the PM told the CMs they would get their budgets back some day but only after the Revolutionary Government had overseen their cleaning and restoration to financial health from their current rotten state.   “But Prime Minister, the States have had no physical assets”, one bright young CM found courage to blurt out.

“That is the first good question I have heard since our Revolution began,” answered the PM. “We are going to give you the Railways to start with –  Indian Railways will keep control of a few national trains and tracks but will be instructed to devolve control and ownership of all other assets to you, the States.  See that you use your new assets properly”.  There was a collective whoop of excitement.  “During the time your budgets remain with us, get your police, transport, education and hospital systems to work for the benefit of common people, confer with your oppositions about how you can get your legislatures to work at all.  Keep in mind we are committed to making the rupee a hard currency of the world and we will not stand for any waste, fraud or abuse of public moneys. We really don’t want to be tested on what we mean by that. We are doing the same with the Union Government and the whole public sector”.  The Chief Ministers went home nervous and excited.

Finally, the Revolutionary Government turned to Lutyens’ Delhi itself. Foreign ambassadors were called in one by one and politely informed a scale-back had been ordered in Indian diplomatic missions in their countries, and hence by due protocol, a scale-back in their New Delhi embassies was called for.  “We are pulling our staff, incidentally, from almost all international and UN agencies too because we need such high-quality administrators more at home than abroad”, the Revolutionary Foreign Minister told the startled ambassadors.

Palpable tension rose in the national capital when the Revolutionary Government announced that Members of Parliament would receive public housing of high quality but only in their home constituencies!  The MPs would have to vacate their Delhi bungalows and apartments! “But we are Delhi!  We must have facilities in Delhi!”, MPs cried. “Yes, rooms in nationalized hotels suffice for your legislative needs; kindly vacate the bungalows as required; we will be building national memorials, libraries and museums there”, replied the radicals in power.  Tension in the capital did not subside for weeks because the old political parties all had thrived on Delhi’s social circuit, whose epicenter swirled around a handful of such bungalows.  Now those old power-equations were all lost.  A few MPs decided to boycott Delhi and only work in their constituencies.

When the Pakistan envoy was called with a letter for her PM, outlining a process of détente on the USSR-USA pattern of mutual verification of demilitarization, both bloated militaries were upset to see their jobs and perks being cut but steps had been taken to ensure there was never any serious danger of a coup.  The Indian Revolution was in full swing and continued for a few years until coherence and integrity had been forced upon the public finances and currency of a thousand million people….”

America’s divided economists


America’s divided economists

by

Subroto Roy

First published in Business Standard 26 October 2008

http://www.business-standard.com

Future doctoral theses about the Great Tremor of 2008 will ask how it was that the Fed chief, who was an academic economist, came to back so wholeheartedly the proposals of the investment banker heading the US Treasury. If Herbert Hoover and FDR in the 1930s started something called fiscal policy for the first time, George W Bush’s lameduck year has marked the total subjugation of monetary policy.

In his 1945 classic, History of Banking Theory, the University of Chicago’s Lloyd Mints said: “No reorganisation of the Federal Reserve System, while preserving its independence from the Treasury, can offer a satisfactory agency for the implementation of monetary policy. The Reserve banks and their branches should be made agencies of the Treasury and all monetary powers delegated by Congress should be given to the Secretary of the Treasury…. It is not at all certain that Treasury control of the stock of money would always be reasonable… but Treasury influence cannot be excluded by the creation of a speciously independent monetary agency that cannot have adequate powers for the performance of its task…” Years later, Milton Friedman himself took a similar position suggesting legislation “to end the independence of the Fed by converting it into a bureau of the Treasury Department…”(see, for example, Essence of Friedman, p 416).

Ben Bernanke’s Fed has now ended any pretence of monetary policy’s independence from the whims and exigencies of executive power. Yet Dr Bernanke’s fellow academic economists have been unanimous in advising caution, patience and more information and reflection upon the facts. The famous letter of 122 economists to the US Congress was a rare statement of sense and practical wisdom. It agreed the situation was difficult and needed bold action. But it said the Paulson-Bernanke plan was an unfair “subsidy to investors at taxpayers’ expense. Investors who took risks to earn profits must also bear the losses. Not every business failure carries systemic risk. The government can ensure a well-functioning financial industry, able to make new loans to creditworthy borrowers, without bailing out particular investors and institutions whose choices proved unwise.”

Besides, the plan was unclear and too far-reaching. “Neither the mission of the new agency nor its oversight are clear. If taxpayers are to buy illiquid and opaque assets from troubled sellers, the terms, occasions, and methods of such purchases must be crystal clear ahead of time and carefully monitored afterwards…. If the plan is enacted, its effects will be with us for a generation. For all their recent troubles, America’s dynamic and innovative private capital markets have brought the nation unparalleled prosperity. Fundamentally weakening those markets in order to calm short-run disruptions is desperately short-sighted.”

The House’s initial bipartisan “backbench revolt” against “The Emergency Economic Stabilisation Act of 2008” (ESSA) followed this academic argument and rejected the Bernanke Fed’s advice. Is there an “emergency”, and if so what is its precise nature? Is this “economic stabilisation”, and if so, how is it going to work? The onus has been on Dr Bernanke and his staff to argue both, not merely to assert them. Even if the House “held its nose” and passed the measure for now, the American electorate is angry and it is anybody’s guess how a new President and Congress will alter all this in a few months.

Several academic economists have argued for specific price-stabilisation of the housing market being the keystone of any large, expensive and risky government intervention. (John McCain has also placed this in the political discussion now.) Roughly speaking, the housing supply-curve has shifted so far to the right that collapsed housing prices need to be dragged back upward by force. Columbia Business School economists Glenn Hubbard and Chris Mayer, both former Bush Administration officials, have proposed allowing “all residential mortgages on primary residences to be refinanced into 30-year fixed-rate mortgages at 5.25 per cent…. close to where mortgage rates would be today with normally functioning mortgage markets….Lower interest rates will mean higher overall house prices…” Yale’s Jonathan Koppell and William Goetzmann have argued very similarly the Treasury “could offer to refinance all mortgages issued in the past five years with a fixed-rate, 30-year mortgage at 6 per cent. No credit scores, no questions asked; just pay off the principal of the existing mortgage with a government check. If monthly payments are still too high, homeowners could reduce their indebtedness in exchange for a share of the future price appreciation of the house. That is, the government would take an ownership interest in the house just as it would take an ownership interest in the financial institutions that would be bailed out under the Treasury’s plan.”

Beyond the short run, the US may play the demographic card by inviting in a few million new immigrants (if nativist feelings hostile to the outsider or newcomer can be controlled, especially in employment). Bad mortgages and foreclosures would